[HN Gopher] Design for 3D-Printing
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Design for 3D-Printing
        
       Author : q3k
       Score  : 309 points
       Date   : 2025-05-04 17:38 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.rahix.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.rahix.de)
        
       | lawn wrote:
       | What an impressive looking article (I've only skimmed it so far).
       | 
       | I've been meaning to try my hand at CAD and designing models to
       | print but I haven't quite made the jump.
       | 
       | One thing that has given me pause is a good CAD program for
       | Linux, does anyone has any good tips for a complete Newbie where
       | to begin?
        
         | q3k wrote:
         | FreeCAD is fine (the author also uses it). Make sure to follow
         | the official documentation (eg. PartDesign tutorial) to not get
         | immediately frustrated.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | The parametric workflow can be confounding to some people,
           | but most pick up the newer FreeCAD interface fairly quickly:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/@4axisprinting/videos
           | 
           | Best of luck =3
        
           | titaphraz wrote:
           | I highly recommend MangoJelly Solutions's tutorials.
           | 
           | Here's a playlist for FreeCAD 1.0: https://www.youtube.com/wa
           | tch?v=t_yh_S31R9g&list=PLWuyJLVUNt...
           | 
           | But he has a bunch of other videos.
        
         | pcl wrote:
         | I've had a lot of success with https://onshape.com, which just
         | needs a browser.
        
         | retrochameleon wrote:
         | I use FreeCAD, but it definitely leaves some UX refinement to
         | be desired. There are a couple of web based options like
         | OnShape that seem to work well, too.
        
           | rekenaut wrote:
           | OnShape is great (we have been using it exclusively for a
           | project over the past four months, the collaboration tools
           | are phenomenal), but FreeCAD has made some fantastic progress
           | over the past year. Some of the underlying technology
           | problems have solved, and the UX has improved a lot with 1.0.
           | The customization and scripting opportunities are also
           | wonderful with FreeCAD. That said, if you're coming over from
           | Solidworks/NX/Inventor, as much as there are buggy parts of
           | those, FreeCAD still has extremely frustrating workflows and
           | buggy parts that you have to work around. It feels like it's
           | moving closer to Blender-like quality, but it still has a
           | long road ahead of it.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | All of Solidworks, Onshape, and Freecad have a very similar
           | operating philosophy (I believe they're all based on the same
           | backend engine). I used onshape for a while because I found
           | freecad unusable but recent improvements solved most of those
           | issues and now I prefer freecad.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | I use Fusion 360. Free for hobbyists. Yeah it's quirky and they
         | constantly screw the free plan out of features (e.g. less saved
         | editable designs, having to use the cloud to export STL) but it
         | is also a highly capable tool that aligned best with the stuff
         | I already knew.
         | 
         | Not entirely sure if it's available for Linux.
         | 
         | I probably shouldn't use autodesk but I'm not trying to make
         | the world a better place. Just to unleash my creativity.
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | It's not. There is a flat pack version but it says it's not
           | supported
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | Ah I see. I've been looking at FOSS options like FreeCAD
             | and Blender but both didn't feel right (especially blender
             | as it's more a tool for animators).
             | 
             | And I rather spend my limited free time creating stuff than
             | to learn a new tool. Unless it is actually a more powerful
             | one for the purpose that enables me to do things I can't
             | now. But this doesn't seem to be the case.
             | 
             | It's the same reason I use BambuLab printers. My hobby is
             | making stuff, not tinkering with printers. They're just
             | tools, a means to an end.
             | 
             | Ps forgive me my defensive attitude but I often get people
             | at the makerspace that take my choice of tools as a
             | political statement. But I don't care. I just want to use
             | what does the job for me.
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | For Blender, try adding:
               | 
               | https://www.cadsketcher.com/
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | https://blendercam.com/
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | Not sure if they changed this, but you used to be able to
           | local export an STL without cloud by going to Utilities ->
           | Make -> 3d print
        
         | seltzered_ wrote:
         | I've been a newbie too and tried to use FreeCAD as others
         | mentioned but I found myself enjoying build123d (basically a
         | python library that uses an long-existing technology called
         | OpenCascade and a viewer called OCPViewer generally used within
         | visual studio code).
         | 
         | The learning curve is still there, but I felt more empowered to
         | adjust/share 3d printing designs made in it over dealing with
         | quirks of GUI-based CAD applications. The discord community on
         | there is rather helpful too.
         | 
         | https://build123d.readthedocs.io/
         | 
         | https://github.com/bernhard-42/vscode-ocp-cad-viewer
         | 
         | I'll still use FreeCAD on occasion as a secondary viewer for
         | stl files, though my hope is to use build123d entirely
         | including for describing joints as well.
        
           | today54 wrote:
           | BTW there is an open source project on GitHub named 'Mayo'
           | which is a pretty incredible viewer for 3d files including
           | most CAD formats. 'F3d' is another great viewer. Both are
           | cross platform.
        
         | panki27 wrote:
         | I just got started recently with OpenSCAD - it's a different
         | beast, but very useful for simple parametric designs. You write
         | code to describe the form of your object - no clicking and
         | dragging things at all.
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | For traditional CAD the notable candidates are:
         | 
         | - Solvespace --- small and lightweight, the UI may be a bit
         | off-putting
         | 
         | - FreeCAD --- hugely improved in the recent 1.0 release, this
         | is a large and impressive system
         | 
         | - Dune 3D --- the new kid on the block, it has the advantage of
         | a modern appearance and UI standards, and the consistency of
         | being a one-man project
         | 
         | If one moves away from traditonal/contemporary CAD there are a
         | few other options:
         | 
         | - BRL-CAD --- intensely old-school, this is one of the oldest
         | opensource codebases
         | 
         | - OpenSCAD --- programmatic CAD, this has inspired more
         | successors than I would care to count (esp. look up libfive and
         | Matt Keeter's Master's Thesis if you are academically
         | mathematically oriented)
         | 
         | For that last, one of the more successful hybrids is
         | "OpenPythonSCAD" which is just what it says on the tin ---
         | Python in OpenSCAD:
         | 
         | https://pythonscad.org/
         | 
         | which I have been using for a project on the other side of the
         | fence --- making DXF and G-code for CNC mills and routers:
         | 
         | https://github.com/WillAdams/gcodepreview
         | 
         | EDIT: One additional tool to note is Fullcontrolgcode Designer,
         | which to bring things full-circle, is the 3D-printing version
         | of the above:
         | 
         | https://fullcontrolgcode.com/
        
         | lucasoshiro wrote:
         | > does anyone has any good tips for a complete Newbie where to
         | begin?
         | 
         | Start with Tinkercad: https://www.tinkercad.com. It runs on the
         | browser, it has some limitations, but it is really simple to
         | use, just open and model whatever you want joining and
         | extracting shapes and importing SVGs for extrusion.
         | 
         | After that, if you know any programming language you'll find
         | OpenSCAD easy to learn. I gave a course last year about it, the
         | slides are available here: https://lucasoshiro.github.io/posts-
         | en/2024-03-24-openscad/. They are in Portuguese, if someone
         | shows interest I can translate them to English, but I think
         | they are easy to follow even by non-speakers.
        
         | caditinpiscinam wrote:
         | As a fellow linux users and 3D printing newbie:
         | 
         | - Tinkercad (browser) fun and great for very simple projects.
         | Like the MS Paint of 3D.
         | 
         | - OnShape (browser) seemingly pretty powerful, but not the
         | easiest to learn in my experience, and has some annoying bugs.
         | 
         | - Plasticity (desktop) I played around with the free trial and
         | liked it a lot, found it more intuitive than OnShape.
         | 
         | - Womp (browser) not CAD software, but easy to use and great
         | for making free-form/organic looking designs.
         | 
         | - Blender (desktop) not CAD software and haven't used it
         | myself, but I've seen others use it to design 3D prints.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | I can't vouch for this, but maybe you could get SolidWorks
         | working in Wine? (e.g. https://github.com/cryinkfly/SOLIDWORKS-
         | for-Linux). Of note, SolidWorks is cheap if you're a student or
         | veteran, for a non-commercial license. It is a dramatic
         | improvement over FreeCAD. (I wish CAS were in a state like EDA
         | and artistic model makers where the free/OSS software was on
         | par with commercial, but we are not.)
        
         | Vox_Leone wrote:
         | OpenSCAD is an underrated but powerful modeling tool,
         | especially for developers and engineers who appreciate
         | precision and code-driven design. It has a low barrier to entry
         | -- the syntax is simple, yet expressive -- and with just a bit
         | of practice, you can build tight, parametric models that are
         | incredibly robust.
         | 
         | One of its standout features is the `hull()` function, which
         | computes the convex hull of multiple shapes. When used
         | skillfully, `hull()` becomes more than a geometric operation --
         | it's a design primitive that lets you smoothly bridge
         | components, create enclosures, and generate complex organic
         | forms without manual sculpting. It's like having a smart
         | "connective tissue" for your model.
         | 
         | If you're comfortable with code and want exact control over
         | your 3D prints or CAD designs, OpenSCAD delivers precision with
         | minimal overhead. It rewards clean thinking and composability
         | -- making it ideal for rapid prototyping, parametric part
         | libraries, and even mechanical design.
        
         | anoldperson wrote:
         | Learn FreeCAD. Getting trapped in commercial software and
         | having to abandon years and years worth of project files isn't
         | a mistake I'm making twice. Fusion seems attractive, but look
         | at how they treat their shit tier users.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | Onshape is amazing. The learning curve is much more forgiving
         | than other software while still being a feature-rich,
         | optionally constraint-based and parametrizable CAD application.
         | It works on any OS, even on a laptop with an iGPU, a
         | Chromebook, and for basic stuff like exporting a part for
         | printing, a _phone_.
         | 
         | Consider signing up via your favorite YouTuber's sponsorship
         | link to support them.
         | 
         | Downsides are that the CAM plugin is paid-only (irrelevant for
         | 3D printing) and you're obviously trapping yourself in a
         | commercial, proprietary walled garden that might start charging
         | subscription fees or otherwise rug-pull you once it gets
         | popular enough. I've decided that the ease of use benefit is
         | high enough to warrant the risk - I'd rather risk not being
         | able to edit my models in the future than not creating them in
         | the first place because the alternative software is too painful
         | to use.
         | 
         | It's helpful to understand how the software works, because it's
         | different from what you might have experienced from other
         | software: It essentially stores operations, like "start with
         | this sketch, then extrude this part of it to a height of 10 mm,
         | then add a fillet". You can go back and edit previous steps and
         | the following steps will be directly re-applied.
         | 
         | In sketch mode, you can just draw, but you can also add
         | arbitrary constraints, e.g. "these points have to be exactly 3
         | cm away" and it will adjust your sketch to match the (new)
         | constraints. This makes it _really_ easy to change some aspect
         | of the part later. This is common in CAD software, although
         | OnShape 's implementation seems more intuitive to me than e.g.
         | Fusion 360.
         | 
         | If you want to do actual 3D CAM (for CNC machining), Fusion360
         | seems to be the only free option (not available for Linux).
         | 
         | In general, with all CAD software, the common "just poke at it
         | until you figure out how it works" approach doesn't work well,
         | although once you've understood the basic concepts that I've
         | explained above and know _some_ CAD terms /concepts like
         | creating 3D parts by extruding or rotating 2d drawings, Onshape
         | will _mostly_ let you get away with that approach. You probably
         | should still watch tutorials before you start.
        
           | q3k wrote:
           | > If you want to do actual 3D CAM (for CNC machining),
           | Fusion360 seems to be the only free option (not available for
           | Linux).
           | 
           | The free CAM available in F360 has been artificially limited
           | to only allow extremely slow travel speed. It's almost
           | useless.
        
             | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
             | Is there any realistic free alternative for 3D (not 2.5D)
             | parts?
             | 
             | You certainly won't want to use it for mass production, but
             | for hobbyist use where getting the model and CAM config
             | right, setting up the machine etc. are the biggest time
             | sink and most parts are made in quantity 1, I found it
             | acceptable.
        
               | q3k wrote:
               | FreeCAD has a built-in CAM. It's not very powerful, but
               | it's only going to get better with time (while the
               | proprietary alternatives will only continue to get worse
               | as companies try to squeeze money out of their users).
        
       | antirez wrote:
       | Also useful to turn spheres into two parts you can screw one with
       | the other, like in this design of mine:
       | https://makerworld.com/it/models/99223-death-star-christmas-...
        
       | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
       | These are some great tips. The teardrop shaped holes are a neat
       | idea.
        
         | KeplerBoy wrote:
         | Those were a staple of early reprap designs.
        
           | q3k wrote:
           | In fact, it was such an iconic piece of early 3d printing
           | design language that it became _the_ RepRap logo!
           | 
           | https://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapLogo
           | 
           | Then overhangs got good enough that people just started doing
           | normal holes again. :)
        
       | no_wizard wrote:
       | I always thought 3D printing would make multi widget machine[0]
       | manufacturing possible
       | 
       | While it's done a lot of cool stuff and enabled rapid prototyping
       | etc it never scaled the way I really thought it would
       | 
       | [0]: there may be a better turn for this however this is what I
       | mean: that is one machine that can output a wide variety of
       | different things using the same common material, IE maybe one day
       | it produces ball bearings and the next it could produce a bunch
       | of car pistons, with only having to make minimal changes to the
       | machine itself if not changing anything at all
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | "Flexible" or "Quick Turn" manufacturing are terms used for
         | this kind of thing. Quick-turn comes from being able to change
         | from one kind of part to another, quickly, with no added setup
         | cost.
        
           | codingmoh wrote:
           | In theory, it seemed perfect for flexible manufacturing: same
           | machine, same material, endless outputs. But in practice, it
           | hit limits in speed, material properties, and post-
           | processing. You still can't print a high-tolerance metal part
           | at scale and cost-effectively replace traditional machining.
           | It's amazing for prototyping or niche parts
        
             | earleybird wrote:
             | "You still can't print a high-tolerance metal part at scale
             | and cost-effectively..."
             | 
             | Dan Gelbart has a response (with caveats)
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLgPW2672s4
        
               | codingmoh wrote:
               | oh wow - that's cool! - Thanks so much for sharing!
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | There are companies with big print farms that offer this
         | service. But of course it's limited to materials that can be 3D
         | printed, and if the product reaches a certain scale, it's
         | likely best to invest in injection molding or some other
         | process.
         | 
         | That said, for smaller scale products, news businesses, or
         | things where 3D printing is the only way the thing can exist,
         | these services exist.
        
       | EA-3167 wrote:
       | This article reminds me of another I read first here, 'Reality
       | Has A Surprising Amount of Detail' by John Salvatier. At first
       | blush 3D printing seems easy, but especially with smaller parts
       | that might go through many duty cycles it's anything but. I'm
       | going to have to do more than skim this, I think this one is
       | worth multiple reads over many days to really absorb the densely
       | packed information.
       | 
       | Thanks to the author for being willing to put so much of their
       | hard-earned experience into a resource for the rest of us.
        
       | hengheng wrote:
       | Great article. This is all above the skill level of the _average_
       | part on thingiverse or printables, but the good parts on there
       | are going to follow similar ideas. Love the mouse ears, press-fit
       | holes and step-by-step alignment of layers to build impossible
       | bridges.
       | 
       | Notably, in fusion 360 this would all be designed in "plastics"
       | mode, and yet that mode is oblivious to whether the part is
       | printed or moulded. I wonder if any CAD engine can do
       | "production-aware design" that constrains design to the
       | capabilities of standardized machines, e.g. keeping a metal part
       | 3-d millable. I've seen strict design rule enforcement with PCBs,
       | and I have seen sheet metal macros, but nothing for general
       | mechanical CAD.
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | I've investigated this space, and I'm not entirely sure its
         | even a desired goal from the perspective of a mechanical
         | designer. The benefit tends to be for smaller aspects (ensuring
         | hole sizes are appropriate for the desired thread, or that
         | holes aren't too close to a bend line on a sheet metal part,
         | etc) but the final design of a 3d part is so non-deterministic,
         | and the variety of manufacturing methods are so varied and
         | unique, it might just cause more issues than benefits.
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | This is fantastic-- while I'm aware of most of the techniques in
       | it, it would have saved me a ton of time and trouble if I had it
       | a few years ago.
       | 
       | Each of the points could basically be expanded to an article on
       | their own. E.g. they don't mention for vase mode that you can get
       | much better results using a big nozzle with it.
        
         | lucasoshiro wrote:
         | 3D printing is fun because there's always something new to
         | learn
        
       | sgt wrote:
       | Has there been any interest in leveraging LLM's for 3d modelling?
       | Sort of an AI assistant with CAD software, to help beginners get
       | going and also more rapidly design simple objects.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Yeah, tons, there are already products like this in use
        
           | lucasoshiro wrote:
           | Can you name them?
        
             | iancmceachern wrote:
             | Several from Bambu labs to start
        
         | joshvm wrote:
         | Just last week:
         | https://willpatrick.xyz/technology/2025/04/23/teaching-llms-...
        
         | oofbaroomf wrote:
         | Yes, there has been. Unfortunately, there are a few core issues
         | blocking this from becoming a big thing:
         | 
         | 1. The majority of 3D modeling is not done parametrically,
         | meaning there is not a lot of data. The little data there is is
         | generally in OpenSCAD, which isn't very powerful or extensible
         | for useful CAD. 2. Generally, when you want to do CAD, you need
         | to come up with a way to define everything precisely. Like I
         | want this hole 2 millimeters from the bottom, and this exact
         | edge next to the hole to be beveled, etc. Saying all that to an
         | LLM is slower than just making the whole.
         | 
         | That said, these still can be useful for beginners, and there
         | are things like Adam AI that are starting to catch on for
         | simple stuff.
        
           | ai-christianson wrote:
           | There are AI models that can generate 3D models, e.g.
           | Hunyuan3D. Not quite CAD models, but maybe this could
           | eventually be adapted to that use case.
           | 
           | Then there's the possibility of an agent automating an actual
           | CAD program. This has already been done with game dev, e.g.
           | Unity MCP.
        
       | lucasoshiro wrote:
       | Amazing. Again: amazing!
       | 
       | I've been playing with 3D printers for 7 years, and I even
       | assembled mine at home during the pandemic. Some topics described
       | here I already found out by practice and I think most people with
       | experience in 3D printing also do that.
       | 
       | But having everything studied, compiled and explained in that
       | level is just, again, amazing! Not only that, but there are so
       | many other topics covered here that I still have to learn.
       | 
       | Great work, thank you!
        
       | pclark wrote:
       | I know they get a lot of hate in the HN community but my Bambu
       | Labs P1S is mind blowing. It's so easy to use I print 100x more
       | than with my old Ender. It's motivated me to learn Fusion360 ...
       | i'm actually printing droids for my kids to color this very
       | minute.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | Hate? I missed this. Why hate?
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | Non-compliance with GPL and other opensource licensing.
           | 
           | Predatory licensing agreements and cloud software which
           | presumably allows the company to access/steal designs.
        
             | Gerardox wrote:
             | What are some alternatives? Ty in advance for any hint!
        
               | q3k wrote:
               | My favorite continues to be hardware from Prusa. They're
               | rock solid and respect user freedoms
               | (serviceability/upgradability/hackability). Being made in
               | the EU is also a big upside for me.
               | 
               | I've had an MK3S+ for years and even though it's a
               | primitive machine in comparison to the current Bambu
               | hardware I see no reason to upgrade to something else. It
               | just keeps printing whatever I throw at it and the
               | results continue to be very good. In fact, I seem to have
               | better luck with it than the Bambus I sometimes use at
               | various hacker/makerspaces.
               | 
               | If you just look at the numbers (speed, volume, ...)
               | against Bambu hardware they're not as good, but the
               | reliability and simplicity make up for it IMO. The main
               | missing feature is multi-material support, but that's
               | something I'm not really interested in due to how
               | wasteful the current technology is.
        
               | Gerardox wrote:
               | Thanks for the throughout reply!!
        
               | adambatkin wrote:
               | Prusa. Made in Europe, from quality components (or buy it
               | as a kit from them and build it yourself, which is a
               | really fantastic experience). Hardware is repairable and
               | upgradable and the firmware is open source.
               | 
               | But they cost more than Bambu. Most Chinese things tend
               | to cost less than alternatives, for obvious reasons.
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | GPL issues and concerns about the SaaS-y aspect. Folks on HN
           | and often techy folks in general don't like it when hardware
           | requires an internet connection vs local control. These
           | concerns are somewhat warranted based on recent moves Bambu
           | has made
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | More than that. They tried to gaslight people after people
             | found out the changes Bambu Lab was making.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Mostly because they are proprietary in an community with an
           | open philosophy, and being successful doing that.
           | 
           | Most consumer-level 3D printers are derived from the RepRap
           | project, which was about making a 3D printer that prints 3D
           | printers. So if you want your own printer, find someone who
           | already has one to print the specialized parts for you, add a
           | few standard parts (screws, motors, etc...) and build your
           | own, which you can then use to make 3D printers for others.
           | You can then share designs, improve, etc... Totally in the
           | open source spirit, of course, the software part is similarly
           | open source, usually GPL licenced.
           | 
           | And this spirit is found in most of the consumer-level 3D
           | printing world. With open source firmwares and slicers, easy
           | to modify machines, and standard parts. I think one of the
           | the companies that exemplify this the most is Prusa. They 3D
           | print their printers using their own printers, and open
           | source most for their work.
           | 
           | But then BambuLabs came along, and they have proprietary
           | components, a proprietary firmware and a cloud-based system.
           | Their slicer is open source, they don't really have a choice
           | because it is based on GPL software, but they recently made
           | it harder to use the forked version some people made (namely
           | OrcaSlicer), and they did so via an automatic update. Of
           | course people didn't really appreciate.
           | 
           | But maybe the worst part is that BambuLabs printers are
           | actually really great and popular printers, for an affordable
           | (but not cheap) price. And many people think that from now
           | on, proprietary will become the standard.
           | 
           | If you don't care about that, then BambuLabs printers are
           | maybe the best you can get. If you care, go with Prusa. If
           | you are broke and don't mind getting a new hobby, go for
           | something like an Ender3.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | Enders were... not a great experience. I understand they were
         | in a good price spot at the time, but from my experience and
         | from what I gather online, very finicky. People who liked
         | tinkering with the printer itself loved and recommended them
         | because 3D printing became a skill of its own (Not for the
         | design considerations in the article, but to make the equipment
         | work consistently).
         | 
         | I've heard that Bambus are much better. I have a Raise3D E2
         | from the Ender era, and it's rock solid. A step up in price,
         | but no finicking. Just works, when new, and now.
        
         | zoky wrote:
         | I know two people with that exact model of 3D printer. Both
         | printers are routinely out of commission for weeks on end due
         | to some failure that the owners lack either the technical
         | expertise to diagnose and fix or the desire to pay exorbitant
         | prices for proprietary replacement parts to fix (or both).
         | Meanwhile my Ender 5 is always chugging along, and is never out
         | of commission for more than a day or two while awaiting
         | replacement parts from Amazon that cost between a few cents and
         | up to maybe $20 each.
         | 
         | I don't actually think Bambu makes unreliable printers; to the
         | contrary, they are excellent machines that, if anything, are
         | much more reliable on the whole than Creality. But they're kind
         | of like sports cars, in that their target market is either
         | people who want something fast and flashy and are willing to
         | throw money at any problems to make them go away, or for
         | technical types who want something they can take out on the
         | track and don't mind wrenching their own machines. The problem
         | is that Bambu printers are marketed and touted as being great
         | for beginners, and while they certainly make it easy to get
         | into 3D printing for nontechnical people, I think most of them
         | will end up ultimately being disappointed at either the lack of
         | customization they allow or amount of time, effort, and money
         | required to diagnose and fix them when something goes wrong.
        
           | pclark wrote:
           | as I said, as a Bambu owner, i'm really impressed with mine
           | and highly recommend them to others.
        
           | Max-q wrote:
           | I think that conclusion is wrong, they are absolutely for
           | beginners. No bed leveling. Lidar scan of first layer.
           | Filament sensors. Good software. Enders are sold to beginners
           | but you actually need to be an expert to get good results and
           | keep them running.
        
           | vjvjvjvjghv wrote:
           | My Bambu A1 just works. I had an Ender 3 before and it almost
           | killed my interest in 3d printing because my prints
           | constantly failed. I don't see a path where the A1 could
           | disappoint me.
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | One technique which bears mentioning is printing in 100% infill
       | using a filament which will allow re-heating/cooling and then
       | putting it in a tray of powder salt (very finely ground table
       | salt) and then backing and cooling it.
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | What is the purpose of this?
        
           | noosphr wrote:
           | You get a solid plastic part without layer lines. This makes
           | it about as strong as injection molded plastic.
        
             | the__alchemist wrote:
             | Nice! Want to try.
        
       | justaj wrote:
       | Nice article, though what I'd personally love to see is a
       | resource where I can go from zero to actually making (basic)
       | designs using open source tools, which can then be taken to a 3D
       | printer and printed.
        
         | mikewarot wrote:
         | The learning curve was steep, but FreeCAD has allowed me to
         | start playing with 3d printing gears and other things on my
         | Bambu Lab P1S. I'm largely self taught with electronics and
         | programming, so just starting and making small experiments got
         | me going. For inspiration, there are lots of sites that share
         | 3d print designs.
        
       | ipdashc wrote:
       | > There is no excuse to not add text to a printed part.
       | 
       | Super off-topic, but I've always kind of been let down by the
       | appearance of 3d printed text. As noted, engraved seems to be
       | better than embossed, but it still just looks kind of _weird_. I
       | envy the clean, crisp labels that seem to be commonplace on
       | commercial injection-molded plastic parts.
       | 
       | The toner transfer technique seems kind of promising. I think
       | I've also seen people spray painting 3d-printed parts, and then
       | lasering away the paint to draw text, which is interesting (if
       | somewhat more materials- and equipment-intensive).
       | 
       | Really cool article though.
        
         | prashnts wrote:
         | Another option is water slide decal. It can give a really
         | seamless look, but is time consuming and expensive.
        
         | Zekio wrote:
         | I've heard people have had pretty good luck laser engraving
         | text onto 3d prints with fiber lasers, though it is pretty
         | steep price bump just to get some text on a 3d print
        
       | finnjohnsen2 wrote:
       | 6 months into 3D printing and I couldnt have asked for a better
       | article to stumble upon. What a massive field this is and I love
       | some of the take aways. Paricularly circles into hexagons, and
       | making things adjustable.
       | 
       | I'm not making my own designs yet. It is too difficult.
       | Modifiying a little here using Blender is where Im at
        
         | sysrpl wrote:
         | It's super easy to design using OnShape. Hit me up with private
         | message and I will show you everything you need to model 3D
         | printable parts in under 5 minutes.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Agreed, you need to know three things:
           | 
           | * Sketch a 2D design on a surface * Make the elements in that
           | design depend on each other (this is parallel to that, this
           | is equal to the other, X is at an angle to Y) as much as
           | possible * Pull the 2D shape up into 3D space
           | 
           | Now you know how to design your own things! The rest is just
           | learning the buttons, but there's usually one called
           | "sketch", one called "constrain", and one called "extrude".
        
       | alextousss wrote:
       | Incredible article, learned quite a lot. To me, a very good
       | supplementary reading would be Structures by J. E. Gordon [1].
       | Helped me grasp a lot of the mechanical design notions necessary
       | for that sort of work.
       | 
       | [0]:
       | https://archive.org/details/StructuresOrWhyThingsDontFallDow...
        
       | lukeinator42 wrote:
       | My friend and I have been getting into forge molding carbon fibre
       | using 3d printed molds like this:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25PmqM24HEk. It is a great
       | technique for making small batches of really strong parts and I'm
       | surprised it isn't more common.
        
       | timmaxw wrote:
       | > Cut threads into printed parts with a thread tap for quick
       | design of low-reuse joints.
       | 
       | I've found wood screws work well for this. The wood screw can cut
       | its own threads without needing to use a tap.
       | 
       | It does put some stress on the part, though. I mostly print in
       | PETG, which is strong enough; but PLA might split if the hole was
       | parallel to the layers.
       | 
       | > A design limitation of threaded inserts is that they are not
       | reliably usable for screws inserted from the back side. During
       | insertion, heat-set inserts often push some molten plastic into
       | the hole beneath them, preventing easy insertion of a screw from
       | the back side.
       | 
       | A trick I sometimes use:
       | 
       | 1. Before installing the insert, insert the screw from the back
       | side
       | 
       | 2. Screw the insert onto the protruding screw
       | 
       | 3. Use a soldering iron to install the insert+screw together into
       | the plastic
       | 
       | Because the screw is filling the hole, the molten plastic can't
       | block the hole. Instead, the molten plastic forms itself around
       | the screw, and it acts like a Nyloc nut.
        
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