[HN Gopher] What went wrong with wireless USB
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What went wrong with wireless USB
        
       Author : goldenskye
       Score  : 301 points
       Date   : 2025-05-04 02:03 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (oldvcr.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (oldvcr.blogspot.com)
        
       | jauntywundrkind wrote:
       | This was so cool to go over.
       | 
       | It does seem to be missing a pretty significant era though?
       | There's 802.11ad (2011) / 802.11ay (2021) / wigig.
       | 
       | It's mainly known for video, and is used today for VR headsets.
       | But there's a huge variety of 802.11ad docks out there that also
       | have USB, mostly about a decade old now! Intel's tri-band 17265
       | (2015) was semi popular in the day as the supporting
       | wifi+wigig+bt host adapter, works with many of these docks.
       | https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/86451/i...
       | 
       | I've definitely considered buying a dock & wigig mpcie card &
       | test driving this all! Price was way out of reach for me at the
       | time, and I expect the performance caveats (range, speed,
       | latency) are significant, but it could potentially genuinely help
       | me run less cables around the office & the patio, and that would
       | be cool. Afaik though there's no Linux support though, so I
       | haven't tried.
       | 
       | Not UWB focused (but could work over IP capable UWB systems) I'd
       | love to see more usb-ip systems emerge. It works pretty well for
       | DIY (and kind of has for multiple decades now), but
       | productization & standardization of flows feels hopeless, &
       | worse, feels like anyone who knows up is likely to do the wrong
       | thing & make something proprietary or with nasty hooks.
       | https://usbip.sourceforge.net
       | 
       | And not USB specific, but pretty cool that the briefly mentioned
       | 802.15.4 group continues to have some neat & ongoingly advancing
       | 6-9GHz UWB work. IEEE 802.15.4ab is expected semi soon. Spark
       | Microsystems for example recently announced an incredibly low
       | power SR1120 transciever, good for up to 40mbps, capable of very
       | low latency. It'd be lovely to see this used somehow for
       | generic/universal peripheral interconnect.
       | https://www.hackster.io/news/spark-microsystems-unveils-its-...
        
         | classichasclass wrote:
         | (author) Funny you should mention, because a couple other
         | people also mentioned this to me after I posted it. Sadly, I
         | don't have any of those devices here, but I added a footnote to
         | the article about them.
        
       | Liftyee wrote:
       | Interesting to read about the (literal) bandwidth limitations on
       | data rates. It's something I've been aware of but not fully
       | understood for a long time. "Why can't you just turn the wave on
       | and off faster", etc...
        
         | bestham wrote:
         | Instead of talking about the fundamentals like Fourier
         | transforms, Shannon/Nyquist and wave propagation i usually
         | refer to human speech: how increasing the rate of speech
         | (signalling rate) comes with 1) substantial reduction in
         | transmitting distance as the environment affects signal quality
         | and 2) places a higher burden on error correction
         | (interpretation of language) that is independent of the actual
         | ability for the transmitter to create the faster speech.
        
       | kensai wrote:
       | The standard of "wireless USB" was there, but probably as in any
       | standards war, moved too slowly and had less to offer than
       | competing standards. Are we not better off with Wifi and
       | Bluetooth now?
       | 
       | Btw, is there a direct comparison anywhere regarding energy
       | consumption of the competing standards in real situations?
        
         | gizmo686 wrote:
         | Neither Wifi nor Bluetooth are a 1:1 replacement for wireless
         | USB, in that neither allow you to use a standard USB device
         | without a wired path between the device and host.
         | 
         | In theory, Bluetooth ought to be the replacement for most use
         | cases, and would simply require replacing your USB devices with
         | Bluetooth devices. In practice, Bluetooth is still kind of
         | terrible, so I'm tempted to say any alternative timeline where
         | something else won the personal area network war would probably
         | be better.
         | 
         | We still kind of do wireless USB, in that the standard for
         | wireless mouse and keyboards is still not Bluetooth, but a
         | dedicated USB dongle that ships with the device. Such options
         | are available for wireless headsets as well, although Bluetooth
         | seems to winning in that niche.
        
           | kensai wrote:
           | It used to be the case that BT was terrible, but in the last
           | few years I have increasingly stable device connections.
           | Could it be they simply ironed out the bugs over the years,
           | the standard matured, and also the manufacturers are more
           | compliant? It just works for me, no horror stories. And BT LE
           | is indeed low energy.
           | 
           | Btw, do you have any other suspected reason (politics aside)
           | that wireless USB did not catch on?
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | The real change is that BT LE isn't just about low energy.
             | That might have actually been the original intention, but
             | in practice it is so good beyond that core area of
             | competence that it has also displaced classic Bluetooth in
             | fields like audio streaming, connections beyond strictly
             | PAN distance and so on. And it will only get better as more
             | remnants of Old Bluetooth are disappearing from devices,
             | that have been retained for backwards compatibility.
        
         | sholladay wrote:
         | Better off with Bluetooth is something I never thought anyone
         | would say.
        
         | frollogaston wrote:
         | Bluetooth is bad enough that wireless mice/keyboards usually
         | have a USB dongle receiving what I guess is a proprietary RF
         | protocol. Some wireless headphones have that too. And wifi
         | requires too much power.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Bluetooth isn't too bad, Logitech Bolt is based on BLE and
           | it's just fine. Bigger problem is integration into x86/x86_64
           | platform.
        
             | Findecanor wrote:
             | Bluetooth mice use the HID protocol borrowed from USB,
             | except with Bluetooth as carrier. But HID had not been
             | designed for the possibility that packets could get lost:
             | it sends movements as a relative vector since the previous
             | packet.
             | 
             | I don't know how Logi Bolt works, but Logitech has claimed
             | that it should work better than BLE when the 2.4 GHz band
             | is congested. Also that it would have better security than
             | BLE.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | I mean, you can't type in BitLocker password wirelessly
               | without a dongle. Optical mice sensors aren't so
               | repeatable anyway, so missing a packet or two probably
               | aren't so critical.
        
               | freehorse wrote:
               | > But HID had not been designed for the possibility that
               | packets could get lost
               | 
               | Doesn't the same problem exist for USB dongles with
               | proprietary RF protocols?
               | 
               | Logi Bolt is a good solution. But ime most other USB
               | dongles are terrible. I have had a lot of bad connection
               | issues with such USB dongles, and never with similar
               | bluetooth devices. USB dongles also use the same 2.4GHz
               | band, and even more they are prone to interference from
               | nearby active USB ports [0]. If you have ever had a
               | "jumping" mouse while transfering big amounts of data
               | through a port neighbouring your mouse's USB dongle, this
               | is likely the reason.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/327216.pdf
        
               | hmry wrote:
               | The proprietary protocol can use absolute positions
               | between device/dongle, and then the dongle can translate
               | to relative positions at the edge, by returning the
               | difference since the last poll
        
               | freehorse wrote:
               | Is position estimation from the signal that accurate for
               | that?
        
               | tehbeard wrote:
               | They don't mean the absolute real distance between dongle
               | and mouse.
               | 
               | They mean the mouse communicates an absolute position
               | (relative to some arbitrary 0,0 the mouse decides upon)
               | instead of a relative direction.
               | 
               | Dongle can then take latest coord packet and diff it
               | against previous coord packet to get a relative coord to
               | pass via HID to the system.
               | 
               | If the RF packets are lost, some latency occurs but the
               | dongle still has the previous mouse coord and can make a
               | fairly accurate correction once a packet gets thru (get's
               | from A to D, but might skip points B+C).
        
               | pwg wrote:
               | What happens with that "absolute position relative to
               | some arbitrary 0,0 picked by the mouse" when the user
               | picks the mouse up off the table/pad/etc. and repositions
               | it (i.e., they hit the edge of the pad and now "re-
               | center" to continue moving left (or right) on screen).
               | The mouse loses its 0,0 point reference as soon as it is
               | picked up.
               | 
               | It could send a "reset 0,0" packet of some form in this
               | case, but now reception of that packet becomes critical
               | to continuing to properly communicate motion to the
               | attached computer.
        
               | justsomehnguy wrote:
               | > It could send a "reset 0,0" packet of some form in this
               | case, but now reception of that packet becomes critical
               | to continuing to properly communicate motion to the
               | attached computer.
               | 
               | And those "how I would have designed a wireless mouse
               | protocol" guys are back at the square one.
        
               | freehorse wrote:
               | That sounds like a software problem to me, not one that
               | requires a hardware solution. There is nothing in what
               | you describe that cannot be performed through bluetooth
               | packets.
               | 
               | I am not sure which dongles make these corrections, but
               | my experience with dongles is worse than bluetooth.
               | Typically, a mouse is very close to the bluetooth antenna
               | of a computer, and I have not really experienced any sort
               | of connection issues due to missing packages etc. In
               | contrast, I have had tons of issues with usb dongles due
               | to usb interference.
        
               | Findecanor wrote:
               | Precisely. That is how I would have designed a wireless
               | mouse protocol: using wrapping counters and sending the
               | counter values. The HID protocol does not support an
               | input value that is Absolute/Wrap (although it could be
               | extended to do so, and I think that it should)
               | 
               | I'd think it would also be possible to get around
               | congestion problems by using tricks such as multiple
               | channels and/or interference detection on top of BLE. But
               | only Logitech knows how Bolt actually works.
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | In all the years I've used wireless dongled mice, I've
               | never had an issue. And all my stuff is bottom of the
               | barrel unbranded from eBay or Amazon.
               | 
               | Bluetooth mice and keyboards always have trouble pairing,
               | or there's input lag, or sometimes I can't use them to
               | wake the computer. And if you ever want to hold a startup
               | key...
        
               | akvadrako wrote:
               | Bolt can't be better than BLE because it is BLE. Same
               | with Apple gear which pairs so seemlessly.
               | 
               | It's just that they control both sides of the signal so
               | can better optimize the connection.
        
           | freehorse wrote:
           | I don't know why USB dongles are popular for manufacturers (I
           | assume to make their product more plug-and-play friendly),
           | but I don't think they are a better solution than bluetooth.
           | For example, it is common that if another USB device is
           | plugged close to a USB dongle, it can cause interference to
           | it, which results to unstable connection and eg makes a mouse
           | "jump", keystrokes not register etc. Finding the right place
           | for a USB dongle can be a pain. USB dongles with proprietary
           | RF protocols are usually a terrible solution imo. I have
           | never had any similar kind of connectivity issues with a
           | bluetooth mouse or keyboard.
        
             | notfed wrote:
             | Bluetooth's latency is just too slow for a mouse. Heck,
             | Bluetooth is too slow for audio, too, but most people seem
             | to be complacent to latency.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | It's fine for any use of a keyboard or mouse besides a
               | niche in gaming. It also uses less energy than most RF
               | dongles, which results in better battery life (something
               | I could check using a couple of mice that could do both).
               | 
               | The fact that Logitech's current dongles are just BLE
               | with a fancy encryption scheme tends to indicate that
               | they really want their proprietary hardware, and
               | bandwidth is not the reason.
        
             | m000 wrote:
             | USB dongles are popular because the mouse is paired with
             | the dongle. This comes handy in a number of use-cases
             | (servicing a different computer, hot-desk office, non tech-
             | inclined people).
             | 
             | It is true though that USB interference for wireless
             | dongles is an annoying reality. My Logitech Unifying dongle
             | has issues whenever I copy files over USB. I'm not sure if
             | later revisions or their Bolt dongles have improved on
             | that.
        
             | bramhaag wrote:
             | Some things are difficult to do with a Bluetooth keyboard:
             | you cannot do anything before the OS is booted, such as
             | changing BIOS settings, installing an OS, or choosing a
             | GRUB boot entry. There are workarounds (buying a Bluetooth
             | adapter that can act as a HID proxy) but for me this is
             | enough of a reason to not want to rely on Bluetooth.
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | The dongles are common because they predate widespread
             | availability of bluetooth equipped laptops and desktops by
             | about a decade...00's versus 10's.
             | 
             | Dongles are also plug and play (no pairing dance) and more
             | readily support multiple devices on the same computer.
             | 
             | Bluetooth has gotten better over the years but it doesn't
             | provide a meaningfully better alternative for the it-aint-
             | broke consumer mouse market.
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | I bought a new mouse recently and intentionally got a
               | dongle one, not that it was hard to find. It's just
               | better.
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | > Are we not better off with Wifi and Bluetooth now?
         | 
         | Bluetooth is a nightmare of a standard. Up until very recently
         | even pairing two devices was a non-deterministic operation.
         | Apple went as far as creating their own chip with their own
         | protocol for their headphones just not to have to deal with
         | bluetooth.
        
         | 7373737373 wrote:
         | Bluetooth is so terrible that you can't even use headphones
         | with high quality audio while also using their microphone. In
         | 2025. It's pathetic.
        
       | begueradj wrote:
       | Impressive. It sounds to be a thorough summary of Wirth's work.
        
       | variaga wrote:
       | I worked on the design of wireless USB chips around 2008 - 2010.
       | They worked - you really could get USB 2.0 full rate connections
       | wirelessly and we had some neat demos.
       | 
       | I would say the major problem it had with adoption was that
       | _wired_ USB _also provided power_. (A lot more people use usb to
       | charge their phone than to sync their phone.)
       | 
       | So great - wireless connectivity... but you still have to plug
       | the device into _a_ cable at some point (or have replaceable
       | batteries), which makes the value proposition a lot less clear.
       | 
       | Beyond that it suffered from the usual adoption chicken-and-egg
       | problem. Laptop manufacturers didn't want to add it because it
       | was an expense that didn't drive sales since there weren't any
       | must-have peripherals that used it, and peripheral manufacturers
       | didn't want to make wireless usb devices since they couldn't be
       | used with a standard laptop (at least not without a WUSB dongle -
       | which raised the cost).
       | 
       | Still, very fun stuff to work on.
        
         | nurettin wrote:
         | I don't see why Bluetooth took off and wusb didn't. It must
         | have something to do with marketing.
        
           | shahzaibmushtaq wrote:
           | yes-and-no.
           | 
           | In my opinion, this was the timing and usefulness of
           | Bluetooth in an era when only Nokia ruled the world.
           | Moreover, there are many other reasons too.
        
           | designerarvid wrote:
           | Largest phone manufacturers of the time (Ericsson and Nokia)
           | supporting and developing it surely helped.
        
           | msh wrote:
           | Bluetooth took off before wireless usb did and was allready
           | useful to people when wusb came a long. It was also lower
           | power so you could do peripherals that was smaller and longer
           | lived.
        
           | phire wrote:
           | Bluetooth had some early success in cellphones, mostly to
           | support Bluetooth headsets and car radio integration,
           | starting from about 1999. It could do other things, but the
           | wireless headset was the killer app in its early days.
           | 
           | Bluetooth didn't really hit mainstream until the arrival of
           | chipsets that multiplexed Bluetooth and WiFi on the same
           | radio+antenna. My memory is that happened sometime around
           | 2007-2010.
           | 
           | At that point, the BOM cost to add Bluetooth to a laptop or
           | smart device became essentially zero, why not include it?
           | Modern smartphones with both Bluetooth and Wifi arrived at
           | around the same time (I suspect these combo chipsets were
           | originally developed for handheld devices, and laptops
           | benefited)
           | 
           | And once Bluetooth was mainstream, we saw a steady rise in
           | devices using Bluetooth.
           | 
           | WUSB operates on a completely different set of frequencies
           | and technology and couldn't share hardware with WiFi. Maybe
           | it could have taken off if there was a killer app, but there
           | never was.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | At this point, the decision to add Bluetooth or not is
             | literally just a product decision. If you don't want
             | Bluetooth in your product, you actively have to disable the
             | Bluetooth part of your WiFi chip, because you can't really
             | get a WiFi chip without Bluetooth.
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | All of the BT+wifi chips I've worked with require active
               | initialization of each feature; you have to signal the
               | chip (over i2c or SPI or whatever) with what kind of BT
               | operations you want.
               | 
               | No BT stack in your product, no BT radio initialization,
               | no BT/wifi multiplexing. At least in the (admittedly
               | limited) chips I've worked with.
        
             | miki123211 wrote:
             | > the wireless headset was the killer app in its early days
             | 
             | Don't forget music piracy.
             | 
             | At least over here, a lot of kids had phones that did
             | Bluetooth, and the primary use case for it was sharing
             | songs they liked with each other. You could use infrared
             | (IRDA) for that, and some people did before Bluetooth was
             | common, but it was much slower.
             | 
             | This was mostly on low-end Nokias, maybe with a bit of Sony
             | Ericsson thrown into the mix. They definitely did not have
             | WiFi, in fact, Nokia even tried to limit internet over
             | Bluetooth for usual carrier monopoly reasons as far as I'm
             | aware, but Bluetooth was definitely there.
             | 
             | For many here, the iPhone not doing file and ringtone
             | sharing over Bluetooth was one of its main limitations, at
             | least early on. It was a social network in its own way, and
             | having a device that couldn't participate in it was no fun.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | > Don't forget music piracy.
               | 
               | What you describe is file sharing, not necessarily piracy
               | :-). Just nitpicking, I understand what you mean of
               | course!
        
               | rikafurude21 wrote:
               | Wow this unlocked a bunch of memories from middle school
               | where we would send each other the latest songs and games
               | via bluetooth. I remember pirating games for my sony
               | ericsson and sharing them with my friends and we would
               | play these games in class. You could just share and
               | install the .jar files. Good times
        
               | phire wrote:
               | By "early days", I was more thinking about the 1999-2005
               | era, before low-end Nokias even got Bluetooth and the
               | ability to play MP3s.
               | 
               | The wireless headset was the killer app that drove
               | bluetooth adoption within cellphones, driving down costs
               | until eventually the lower-end models receiving it too.
               | While sharing files was possible in the 1999-2005 era
               | (especially with PDAs), most phones were lacking enough
               | flash storage to store anything worthwhile.
               | 
               | While I don't want to say file sharing wasn't a killer
               | app, it does seem to have been limited to just schools
               | during a certain time period.
               | 
               | A time period that I missed out on by a few years. At
               | high school, we did all our file sharing by swapping
               | burned CDs. Then we switched to dragging around laptops
               | and USB hard drives at university (and using the private
               | emule network on the university wired ethernet).
        
               | seltzered_ wrote:
               | It may be worth articulating the Bluetooth headset
               | specifically as the one-ear little clip headset
               | executives and IT staff seemed to use to answer calls.
               | 
               | Remember companies like jawbone?
               | 
               | I vaguely remember a cultural stereotype of bmw drivers
               | driving aggressively and wearing Bluetooth headsets.
               | [edit: this is the clip https://youtu.be/UqfAMvXpSw4?t=25
               | from top gear of jeremy clarkson wearing a bluetooth
               | headset in sunglasses in a bmw, supposedly from topgear
               | season 10, episode 10]
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | > the wireless headset was the killer app [for Bluetooth]
             | in its early days
             | 
             | But the wireless headset is now a horrifying millstone
             | making Bluetooth look like the world's stupidest trash
             | fire. If you enable your microphone, you lose all audio
             | from anything that doesn't want to use the microphone as
             | the headset switches into "headset" mode and drops anything
             | that wants to use "headphones" mode. There is no reason for
             | there to even be two different modes.
             | 
             | Why is this still happening?
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Except for the "headphone" versus "headset" mode
               | dichotomy that is inherent to Bluetooth, all those other
               | issues are due to stupid product decisions that most OSes
               | do to themselves independently on the same way.
               | 
               | If you use Linux + KDE, you can still use any microphone
               | or headphone, many at the same time, or in whatever mode
               | you want.
        
               | bombela wrote:
               | Linux + KDE user here.
               | 
               | It used to work on kde/plasma 5 at some point. And after
               | a minor version update it stopped working.
               | 
               | Now the mic of my headset doesn't work because KDE
               | insists that only the high quality sound output without
               | mic is available. The mic + low quality output is gone
               | from the settings.
               | 
               | Lucky for me this update also brought proper handling of
               | the stereo positioned noise cancelling microphones on my
               | thinkpad. So now I can actually enjoy the luxury of
               | built-in microphones that work. Until the day it wont I
               | guess.
        
               | redeeman wrote:
               | if you use pipewire it works fine both in plasma 5 and 6.
               | 
               | but the audio quality in the sound + mic profile is very
               | poor, the codec is only meant for speech
        
               | bombela wrote:
               | I am using pipe wire. The option to select the handset
               | mode is gone! I can only select the various output codecs
               | with my increasing quality. But not the mic & output
               | mode. It's gone from the list...
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | The absolute madness that is Bluetooth pairing between
               | cars and cellphones is wild. If I get into my car and it
               | decides to randomly pair with my wife's phone (who is
               | inside the house) and I drive off, the whole infotainment
               | system is locks up and dies until I get to my destination
               | and turn off the car.
        
               | roywashere wrote:
               | What car do you drive? Then I make sure to not buy it
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | It is happening because it works the way that is most
               | useful to most people. The number of people who want to
               | use bluetooth earbuds with a different microphone is line
               | noise in the consumer market.
               | 
               | Implementing special requirements is always inconvenient
               | for users because no B2C wants to risk bad the-
               | microphone-didn't-work reviews, customer returns, and
               | support tickets.
               | 
               | Nevermind coordinating with arbitrary USB microphone
               | latency...I've got one with 250ms of it.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > It is happening because it works the way that is most
               | useful to most people. The number of people who want to
               | use bluetooth earbuds with a different microphone is line
               | noise in the consumer market.
               | 
               | I don't think you have any idea what you're saying. The
               | scenario I'm describing is when you want to use a
               | bluetooth headset that includes a microphone. Using a
               | _different_ microphone is how you _solve_ the problem.
        
               | redeeman wrote:
               | it happens because bluetooth profile for audio+microphone
               | uses different codecs and has less bandwidth, due to
               | being used for realtime communication.
               | 
               | the bluetooth audio streaming profile enables more
               | codecs, but only playback, and allows significantly
               | higher latency that you wouldnt accept on a call
        
               | jonesjohnson wrote:
               | obligatory xkcd: https://xkcd.com/2055/
        
               | terribleperson wrote:
               | My partner's hearing aid connects (via some radio
               | protocol) to a device that then connects via bluetooth.
               | Unfortunately, it presents itself as a headset, which
               | causes... problems. For Android, they have to use an app
               | from the play store that presents itself as an audio
               | device and then sends that to the 'headset'.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | The ironic thing is the Bluetooth ignored it's audio use as
             | much as possible for as long as possible. They wanted it to
             | be used for tracking shoppers in stores...
        
             | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
             | Bluetooth was the main way to transfer music from dumbphone
             | to a dumbphone
        
             | skirge wrote:
             | how to use a phone in car without headset / bluetooth to
             | talk legally?
        
           | hnlmorg wrote:
           | Back when Bluetooth was new, the alternative for wirelessly
           | sharing data between mobile devices like phones was infrared.
           | 
           | IR was exceptionally slow, required line-of-sight and even at
           | the time, felt like a shitty solution. So even though the
           | early implementations of Bluetooth also left a lot to be
           | desired (battery hungry, insecure, and also slow), it was
           | still a _massive_ improvement on what came before.
           | 
           | Wireless USB wasn't a significant enough improvement to
           | Bluetooth given that BT was already ubiquitous by that point,
           | but also cheap and (by that point) battery efficient now too.
        
             | m4rtink wrote:
             | IR with palm devices was super nice - just point to the
             | other device and send, then confirm on the other. No
             | persistent pairing bullshit & you could also use it to
             | control TVs.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | That's how BT originally worked too but it got abused (I
               | touched on this in my original comment when I said BT was
               | insecure). The paring is a security measure to protect
               | people from abuse.
               | 
               | Back when BT was new, I used to get all sorts of random
               | shit pushed onto my phone every Friday night on the drunk
               | train home from London.
        
               | miki123211 wrote:
               | I guess that was a lot less of a problem with IRDA as it
               | required line-of-sight, which limited the abuse potential
               | significantly.
               | 
               | Some devices would even establish an IRDA connection
               | automatically as soon as they found anything. I have
               | friends whose laptop names have suddenly appeared on
               | lecture room projectors, as their laptop's IRDA receiver
               | was in direct line of sight of that of the teacher's.
               | 
               | Not that you couldn't do that with Bluetooth, some early
               | BT chipsets gave you a "<device name> wants to connect to
               | you" dialog box any time somebody tried sending something
               | to your device. This could be abused, to great student
               | amusement, to display funny messages on that same
               | projector if the lecturer's laptop had such a chipset.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | I wonder why IR is slow. Shouldn't there be plenty of
             | bandwidth available at those frequencies?
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | Not through a tiny photodiode + amp on a spare UART RX,
               | if not repurposed TV remote phototransistor. They can be
               | slow.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | These days, professional optical equipment, aka expensive
               | lasers+supporting hardware, can do 10-Gbit over multiple
               | kilometers through the air, so you're right that optical
               | transmission through the air should be able to support
               | higher data rates.
               | 
               | The problem with Irda is that it's old. Technology has
               | significantly advanced since the 90's, when Irda was
               | popular on cellphones, so a modern implementation could
               | do better data rates even accounting for the significant
               | interference from the environment. We barely had wifi
               | back then, and now it'll do a few hundred megabytes per
               | second without breaking a sweat (your ISP might though).
               | All the technology required to do that didn't exist in
               | the 90's. We have Bluetooth now though, so there's that
               | same bootstrapping problem, where you'd just use
               | Bluetooth, and not spend a bunch of money building a
               | system very few people are asking for, so then there's
               | little demand for a modern high performance Irda system
               | in any devices.
        
               | gnatolf wrote:
               | Mostly just SNR issues.
        
               | gruturo wrote:
               | I'm frankly baffled at all these reports of IR being
               | unreliable and slow. It... wasn't. Not for the file sizes
               | of the day. I exchanged plenty of files back in the day,
               | even at 115200bps a picture would be 2-3 seconds tops
               | (pictures were small!). And when devices started
               | supporting 4Mbps, even a large-ish MP3 would go in 5-6
               | seconds. All without setup or pairing, beautiful. Huge
               | files (like full resolution pictures from an SLR camera)
               | would take a while - but frankly they took almost the
               | same time with a cable! You'd just have to plug their
               | memory card directly into your computer if you were in a
               | hurry.
               | 
               | The only really clunky use case for me was internet
               | access - keeping phone and laptop positioned and aligned
               | for 30 minutes was limiting.
               | 
               | And yes there IS plenty of bandwidth at those
               | frequencies. In fact latest IR standards reach 1Gbps, but
               | it's pretty much extinct. There was an attempt called Li-
               | Fi to use it for as a wireless networking but I don't
               | think it went far.
               | 
               | What I really miss is OBEX (Object Exchange), which
               | worked also over Bluetooth, and which Apple sadly chose
               | not to implement: simplest protocol to just ship a file
               | or a contact vCard over, no setup, just worked - and it's
               | been a standard for 20+ years. Early Android had it too,
               | it was since dropped I think. Sigh.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | It would take me like 30 minutes to transfer 1MB.
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | You were pretty unlucky. The basic bitrate was 9.6kbps
               | but much higher speeds were common.
        
               | gruturo wrote:
               | At 9600bps. Almost every device supported 115200 - that
               | would cut it down to to 72 seconds. And as I mentioned -
               | pictures were often small (20-30kbytes) back in the day -
               | that's barely 1-2 seconds at 115200. And the later 4Mbps
               | speeds would move that megabyte in 2 seconds flat.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | You're either misremembering things or talking about an
               | era after Bluetooth had already taken off.
               | 
               | In the days before Bluetooth, transferring MP3s over IR
               | took multiple minutes, even on high end (for the time)
               | handsets.
               | 
               | And the fact that you needed to keep line of sight during
               | the whole process meant your phone couldn't be used that
               | whole time. Which was a real pain in the arse if you got
               | a text message or phone call while trying to transfer a
               | file.
               | 
               | IR was really more designed for swapping contacts. In
               | fact that's exactly how BlackBerry (or was it Palm?)
               | marketed IR on their device: a convenient way to swap
               | contact details. But you're talking about a few KB vs
               | several MBs for an MP3.
               | 
               | The tech has definitely moved on since. But then so has
               | Bluetooth, WiFi and GSM et al too.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | It was harder to extract a clean signal due to ambient
               | environmental conditions.
               | 
               | You could probably solve those issues with modern tech
               | though. Things have advanced significantly since IR was
               | popular. For example, back then Bluetooth was slow too.
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | Introducing a new wireless protocol is incredibly difficult.
           | You basically have to have all the countries in the world to
           | give you a chunk of their spectrum.
           | 
           | You have 2 mainstream protocols now, one for low energy, slow
           | data transfers (Bluetooth) and one for fast, but more power
           | hungry devices.
           | 
           | I don't see the usecase for UWB.
        
           | greatgib wrote:
           | In my opinion, for computers, wireless mouse (and eventually
           | keyboards) was one of the killer app that showed pushed for
           | Bluetooth to be common in computers and laptops. "Not needing
           | a dongle" was a huge added value compared to the private
           | radio protocol of manufacturers
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | My guess is just that Bluetooth and Wi-Fi came first, and
           | when wireless USB entered the party, there wasn't a real need
           | for it, as most of its use cases were already covered by
           | Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
           | 
           | It maybe could have worked with better marketing, but
           | convincing potential customers to change something that works
           | (somewhat, BT wasn't without issues) is hard. That's why we
           | are keeping abominations like cigarette lighter sockets in
           | cars even though they often can't even light cigarettes
           | anymore. It is already well established and it works well
           | enough as a power outlet.
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | Bluetooth took off because it was easiest path to do wireless
           | headsets when handsfree driving laws passed.
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | > which makes the value proposition a lot less clear.
         | 
         | Wirelessly transferring files between a phone and a computer
         | seems like a big use case. Still no easy standard way of doing
         | it.
        
           | dtech wrote:
           | Imo cloud storage like Dropbox has 95% solved this use case
           | for years, which is why alternative solutions haven't popped
           | up.
        
             | beezlewax wrote:
             | Needing to upload files to third party servers just to get
             | them onto your personal computer doesn't solve the case. It
             | just injects a middleman.
        
               | mycatisblack wrote:
               | And only works when you're connected to the internet.
        
               | ahoef wrote:
               | How does it not solve the problem? The data shows up on
               | the other end. The fact that you don't agree with the
               | implementation is a different thing, but it does solve
               | the case.
        
               | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
               | > How does it not solve the problem?
               | 
               | It "solves" it but in a way that's ten times slower and
               | fundamentally unreliable.
        
               | dist-epoch wrote:
               | For small files maybe. As shocking as it may seem, most
               | Dropbox users just have the free version, with very
               | limited space. Same for Google Drive or One Drive.
        
             | coderatlarge wrote:
             | Dropbox is unavailable to huge populations. also sharing
             | private bits with a cloud service should not be necessary
             | to transfer files locally between devices. at least user
             | level file encryption should become straightforward on a
             | mobile device which it is not today.
        
           | dirkt wrote:
           | But that doesn't need new peripherals, I could do that in my
           | home WLAN network if they'd just install standard software
           | for it on the phone (which you can fix by installing it from
           | F-Droid etc.)
        
           | seba_dos1 wrote:
           | scp works well for me.
        
             | grumbel wrote:
             | That requires having an account on the other machine.
             | What's missing is anonymous scp, where the other side just
             | opens up a directory, and you can copy into it. One can
             | build something like this with rsyncd, but it's not a
             | pretty shell one-liner to get it going and it still
             | requires both devices to be on the same network.
        
               | seba_dos1 wrote:
               | What I responded to was "wirelessly transferring files
               | between a phone and a computer", assuming that I am the
               | user at both ends of the transfer.
               | 
               | If I want to share something with someone else, there's a
               | "File Sharing" section in phone's settings that enables
               | anonymous WebDAV sharing, and it works fine too. There's
               | Bluetooth OBEX too, but that one's fiddly.
        
           | pca006132 wrote:
           | There are websites using WebRTC for p2p transfer.
        
           | kmarc wrote:
           | I assume this is the same "problem". Most people (not the HN
           | cohort) don't want to transfer "files", the abstraction of
           | the file is either outdated for them or maybe even unnatural
           | / unknown (younger generation).
           | 
           | They might want to transfer (a better word: share)
           | photos/videos, documents, etc. And for those they use
           | specific apps and "the cloud". No "files" (for the sake of
           | files), and barely any hierarchy of (folders etc).
           | 
           | As long as the entity they want to share magically shows up
           | on the another device or at the other person they want to
           | share with, they are happy. They just skip two levels of
           | abstraction ("this photo is a FILE and I will use USB to
           | transfer it"). Maybe a far fetched analogy but this is why
           | most of the drivers of an automatic don't really think about
           | clutches and how the torque of the engine's output is
           | converted.
           | 
           | At least this is my perception (outside the IT bubble)
        
             | afiori wrote:
             | I want to add something to this: abandoning the fire layer
             | allows for richer custom flows (which to many are arguably
             | worse)
             | 
             | For example the file API does not allow a clean, uniform,
             | and reliable way to associate a resource with some metadata
        
               | kmarc wrote:
               | The file API might not, but all major filesystems
               | implemented some kind off Metadata attributes, IIRC
               | Microsoft was wanting to heavily rely on that for "user
               | space" stuff (e.g. Users leveraging it for semantic
               | information about their files)
        
               | palata wrote:
               | I don't get that. How do you expect to abandon the file
               | layer on your OS? Do you plan on rewriting Windows,
               | macOS, Linux, Android and iOS with a fundamentally new
               | philosophy?
               | 
               | If not, then you're not abandoning the file layer at all.
               | You're just preventing people from benefitting from it.
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | If we don't have files, then what?
               | 
               | Seems to me we very rapidly arrive at records or
               | entities.
               | 
               | We see both these days in databases.
               | 
               | Entities show up in CAD and simulation. Records show up
               | in business tools of various kinds.
               | 
               | All require a schema and serious dependencies flow from
               | there.
               | 
               | In CAD, for example, the database schema can change quite
               | dramatically from version to version of the same software
               | tool. And all this makes writing plug in tools or
               | anything really painful.
               | 
               | And forget exchanging native data between systems. STEP
               | exists for that, and O God help you on a bigger project
               | involving any old data
               | 
               | The thing about files is they are basically EASY.
               | 
               | And easy, when looking at where we are going, matters. A
               | lot.
               | 
               | Files can exist on pretty much anything. Paper tape, mag
               | tape, all sorts of media, up to advanced storage tech.
               | 
               | Databases are a different story.
               | 
               | I am not convinced we are anywhere rear being ready for
               | that huge leap.
               | 
               | And I would normally say "forward" but on this?
               | 
               | Nope!
               | 
               | It would be a huge mess requiring we toss just about
               | everything we have in use today
        
             | consp wrote:
             | > and barely any hierarchy of (folders etc).
             | 
             | One of my great hate pet peeves with all smartphone and
             | cloud apps is the "abstraction" and reliance on search. For
             | me folders is quicker and less error prone, and as a bonus
             | it saves on unneeded bandwidth (to load previews) and
             | computing costs.
             | 
             | Also stop telling me I must use your one off "feature set"
             | of sorting and ordering which either nobody uses or copies
             | differently. The amount of square wheels (for me I must
             | add, ymmv) reinvented is astonishing.
        
               | miki123211 wrote:
               | Folders as an abstraction don't really make sense beyond
               | documents, though.
               | 
               | If your music is stored in a folder hierarchy, and can,
               | in principle, be located anywhere, how do you index it to
               | provide a library view? How do you distinguish it from
               | random audio files that just happen to be ID3 tagged, but
               | which you don't want as part of your permanent music
               | collection? How do you efficiently react to deletion
               | events? What happens if you delete an entire artist's
               | worth of music from your music app? Should it delete the
               | files, or only the library entries? If it deletes files,
               | what if (some of) that music was in a folder that didn't
               | contain any other files? Should that folder be gone too,
               | or should you be left with an empty folder or hierarchy?
               | What if the folder also contained a .nfo, is it good UX
               | if it deletes the music and just leaves the .nfo?
               | 
               | If the only tool you have is a computer, everything is a
               | file. If you're a music lover and not a computer
               | enthusiast, you tend to think about albums, artists and
               | playlists, and that's how you want to view your music
               | collection.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | You index it with btrees just like everything else. You
               | distinguish it by configuring which folders to watch. You
               | react to events with inotify. You don't give your music
               | app write permission to your library. It only needs to
               | write its indexes and playlists. All of your other
               | questions become irrelevant; you delete the files you
               | mean to delete with your file manager. In practice, music
               | is small and storage is cheap, so deleting seems like a
               | weird use-case for an application dedicated to music. I
               | still have files that have been migrating across
               | computers for 25 years.
        
               | philistine wrote:
               | What if I want to look at a list of composers, but the
               | folder structure is by artist?
               | 
               | What about playlists?
               | 
               | The limitation of the folder is that there's only one.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | Your player scans your library and indexes/sorts it
               | however you'd like. I think this is how basically every
               | player with a library function works? Like jellyfin loads
               | my library in the same structure I've had it for 20
               | years, and it gives me various ways to view by name,
               | artist, release date, rating, etc. and builds search
               | indexes. I just point it to the roots of my libraries.
               | 
               | I said it needs a place to write playlists (or write
               | access to your playlist folder(s)).
               | 
               | I wouldn't do it this way, but there can be more than one
               | folder containing the same file (hardlinks).
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | > Your player scans your library and indexes/sorts it
               | however you'd like.
               | 
               | Which means the concepts of files and folders becomes
               | immaterial. If a music player is only interfacing with a
               | database of music metadata it doesn't matter how the
               | bytes on disk are organized.
               | 
               | There's a reason there's been 30+ years of file systems
               | trying to tack on database functionality (BeFS, WinFS,
               | etc) or over the top metadata indexing (Spotlight,
               | Lucene, etc) to file systems. The files and folders
               | abstraction is not sufficient for non-technical users in
               | many cases.
        
               | const_cast wrote:
               | The worst is photos, because the search abstraction
               | really breaks there. On modern iPhones, it's still a pain
               | in the ass to organize photos in such a way where you can
               | come back later and find them. I'm still in the "scroll
               | through the timeline until you spot it" phase.
               | 
               | Machine Learning is making this better, but ideally
               | albums or folders wouldn't be such a pain in the ass to
               | actually use in day-to-day life.
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | I believe in the opposite.
             | 
             | Because we can't transfer easily transfer files between
             | devices remotely, we had to get used to do it via apps. And
             | so we didn't developed good, local files browsers (esp. for
             | media) and companies invested in the cloud UI mostly
             | because they could sell the storage and sharing
             | capabilities. That was all unnecessary but we're used to
             | that now to a point where sharing files is weird.
             | 
             | As a power user happily syncthinging all my files between
             | all my devices, I'm sad because files is the easiest thing
             | to share, organize, transfer, etc. I wish iOS supported
             | this kind apps (full storage access!) as we could avoid the
             | many, crazy, Alps specific workarounds just to share some
             | stupid files.
             | 
             | And don't confuse the file itself (say, a pirated movie),
             | the metadata (IMDb IDs) and the apps UI (Kodi!). Files is
             | what we have, we should share files and let anyone pick the
             | browser/apl they like for viewing, organizing...)
        
               | kmarc wrote:
               | Don't get me wrong, I'm totally happy woth files. In
               | fact, I'm sometimes a bit annoyed when certain apps'
               | entities don't map to files either accidentally or to
               | maintain the walled garden on purpose (I'm looking at you
               | Google Photos, and the very cumbersome rclone connector
               | to it).
               | 
               | On the other hand, I don't mind that full storage access
               | is a "pain"; I don't even remember which apps I gave the
               | permission to, and I would certainly be angry if my
               | syncthinged files would be stolen by other app that went
               | vicious.
               | 
               | All that said, as people don't think about their
               | documents/photos/any other stuff in their homes as "filed
               | items in folders", non-tech people also don't think about
               | their digital items as such. And maybe this is alright,
               | if the "file-ification" would have been so successful,
               | better products would have emerged.
        
             | miki123211 wrote:
             | Also, they want to use the same "abstraction" for "sharing
             | photos with their friend when they're on holiday in another
             | country" versus "sharing photos with that same friend when
             | they just got back and are literally sitting next to each
             | other."
             | 
             | People don't really internalize that those are two
             | different use cases.
             | 
             | Yes there's Airdrop, but I think most people view it as
             | more of a "discoverability" solution than a file sharing
             | solution. If you met somebody you don't have a number for,
             | "okay just Airdrop this to me" is much easier than doing
             | the whole song and dance of adding them to contacts and
             | sending them an iMessage or finding them on Whats App.
             | Whether the actual file transfer part of Airdrop goes over
             | the internet or over Bluetooth isn't something most people
             | care about, as long as it can discover nearby devices and
             | initiate a transfer to them, it's good enough.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | I disagree. I find it condescending when techies say "the
               | average user doesn't make the difference between sharing
               | a file to a device next to them and sharing a file over
               | the Internet".
               | 
               | Everybody, and I mean _everybody_ is capable to
               | understand that to connect their Bluetooth headset to
               | their phone, they do it over Bluetooth. And that to
               | connect to the Internet, they can either go over WiFi
               | (which is  "free") or cellular (which is less "free").
               | 
               | > People don't really internalize that those are two
               | different use cases.
               | 
               | We actively keep them ignorant, and then we use their
               | ignorance as a justification. I find it sad.
               | 
               | What if we said "People don't want to drive their car
               | somewhere, they want to go from A to B. We should prevent
               | them from learning how to drive so that they would have
               | to pay for our taxis".
        
             | palata wrote:
             | I think I disagree with that. This "people don't want
             | files, they want to share photos", to me, is what product
             | people want to believe. The whole thing has been enforced
             | on users and is self-reinforcing: of course if you don't
             | show files to users, they will not know what a file is.
             | 
             | Sure, I may be in a photo gallery and I may want to share a
             | few photos with a friend who may want those photos to be
             | treated as photos (instead of going into a big "Downloads/"
             | folder). But it doesn't mean, _at all_ , that the concept
             | of file has to disappear to the user. In fact the files
             | _still very much do exist on the system_. Product people
             | just assume users are stupid, IMHO.
             | 
             | And the thing is: this abstraction (not knowing what a file
             | is) doesn't make it faster or more efficient. It just makes
             | the user more dependent on their platform and apps. Look at
             | backups: product people at Google/Apple will tell you
             | "people don't want to backup their files, they want to pay
             | us to make sure that they never lose an image".
             | Conveniently, it means that people are 1) forced to pay
             | _them_ and 2) don 't have control over their own files.
             | 
             | Maybe GenZ/alpha now are stuck with these abstractions
             | because they never learned what a file was (for no reason
             | other than being abused by product decisions), but older
             | generations grew up with physical media. "I have a piece of
             | paper, I have a book, I have a CD-ROM, and those are all
             | different kinds of files that can go into different "boxes"
             | that are called folders".
             | 
             | Files and folders are very natural. The reason people don't
             | know about them is because we hide them and force them to
             | pay for literally subpar experience.
        
               | justsomehnguy wrote:
               | > is what product people want to believe
               | 
               | It's quite clear what you never had to explain why 'only
               | looking at a pictures/photos on the Internet' wasted the
               | mobile traffic.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Were you born with the knowledge that a video takes more
               | space than a photo that takes more space than a text?
               | 
               | Or is it rather that you consider yourself one of the few
               | people smart enough to memorise it? I find that very
               | condescending.
               | 
               | I don't believe that one needs 3 postdocs to understand
               | it. In fact, I do happen to have explained it quite a few
               | times, and I don't remember anyone not understanding it.
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | Folder / Directory
               | 
               | I most frequently use the latter, directory when I am
               | talking files and filesystems.
               | 
               | Most people return that with "folder", and I am sure that
               | has to with my learning about these things happening
               | where "directory" was the norm.
               | 
               | I have been educating people about files when I bump into
               | ones that do not know much. The abuses are real and
               | growing. Nice comment.
        
           | rakoo wrote:
           | There's no formal standard, but I keep seeing this complaint
           | from people who just haven't installed syncthing. At this
           | point it's not inexistence but mere ignorance
        
             | dist-epoch wrote:
             | It's not only about your personal devices. Sometimes you
             | want to exchange files between a friend phone's and your
             | computer.
        
               | rakoo wrote:
               | Which is also way way easier to do than all the existing
               | solutions: create a folder on the computer, add the
               | computer to the phone, share the folder with the phone.
               | Anything you want to share goes in the folder.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Bluetooth FTP was widely supported until ~2009. All Nokia
           | phones and many flip phones had it. iPhone did not, AOSP
           | technically did, but carrier phones often had it disabled,
           | and it slowly disappeared.
           | 
           | Windows 11 still supports it, I think macOS too. Pairing is
           | technically optional.
        
             | ddingus wrote:
             | It does and I managed it recently. It was painful.
             | 
             | I had to pair, or at least I think I did. Was fetching a
             | file. off a flip phone. Doing these things without "file"
             | gets weird quick.
             | 
             | I also seem to recall an awesome Bluetooth control panel
             | applet I used a few times in Windows XP.
             | 
             | At the time I had a pretty spiffy Moto flip phone. It could
             | be the computer keyboard, handle audio play and record and
             | more.
             | 
             | Pretty sure that all came from the phone driver. I do
             | recall also using the computer in reverse the same way when
             | the display was badly damaged. I could make phone calls,
             | dialing with the computer and in general use the phone
             | taped to the back of my laptop screen.
             | 
             | Today, it is simpler, and far less robust.
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | This is an UX problem, not a technical problem. You could
           | easily use Wifi to transfer files between devices quite fast,
           | there's just no agreed upon open protocol for it. Afaik
           | that's how AirDrop works.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | Airdrop works. Ok, it's platform bound, but I'm sure it could
           | be ported.
           | 
           | It's not such a big thing, though. I hardly use it, and young
           | people don't seem to use it either. The stuff on their phone
           | and laptop seem separate worlds, just like mine are. Might be
           | because they don't know about it, though.
        
             | palata wrote:
             | Because we keep them ignorant. We make sure they depend on
             | our apps that they have to pay for. You wouldn't want them
             | to know how to download music/movies without going through
             | our paid streaming platforms, would you?
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Hell, copy and paste works between iphone and MacOS if
             | you've got the same icloud logged into both. Airplay is too
             | cumbersome has been supplanted by long hold -> copy;
             | ctrl-v, and the reverse. Works for images as well.
        
           | variaga wrote:
           | Transferring files between a phone and a computer was a real
           | use case, but since wireless usb was "exactly like regular
           | usb but no wires" it wasn't any easier to set up file
           | transfer than regular usb (harder, actually, since you had to
           | do the wireless bonding), and wired usb would charge your
           | phone battery while the files transferred whereas wireless
           | usb would drain it.
        
         | simoncion wrote:
         | > They worked - you really could get USB 2.0 full rate
         | connections wirelessly and we had some neat demos.
         | 
         | TFA mentions that contemporary users of these things didn't get
         | anywhere near Hi-Speed USB speeds. The author's present-day
         | testing agrees with these reports, finding that at least one
         | device's maximum performance was just _barely_ better than USB
         | FullSpeed.
         | 
         | If you were seeing 480Mbit performance with the hardware you
         | were doing demos with, what went wrong between the demo table
         | and the finished product?
        
           | variaga wrote:
           | The product in the article I think it said came from 2006?
           | Not based on the chips I worked on, anyway.
           | 
           | Just like early wifi, there were several companies working on
           | wireless usb chips at the time, and performance could vary a
           | lot depending on who's product you bought, and when.
           | 
           | Here's an article about us I found from 2008.
           | 
           | https://www.eetimes.com/staccato-communications-ultra-
           | wideba...
           | 
           | The "ripcord 2" chips (mentioned) definitely could do 480Mbps
           | at short range. I worked on the design of the next generation
           | after that (equal performance, but lower-cost/lower-power-
           | consumption), which never made it to the commercial market.
           | 
           | "What happened" was the combination of the product/ market
           | mismatch I mentioned above (like, the wireless laptop dock
           | was cool for a demo, but _it didn 't charge your laptop
           | battery_ like a regular wired dock would, so it wasn't
           | actually practical for daily use) so we didn't have enough
           | revenue to self- sustain, and the "great recession" meant
           | investment dried up and we eventually just ran out of money.
           | 
           | Staccato merged with a different wireless usb startup to try
           | to delay the inevitable, and then tried to "pivot" to
           | something profoundly stupid and I bailed at that point. (They
           | did an internal demo of the new "product". It was maybe the
           | worst tech demo I've ever seen. I was out 2 weeks later. I
           | think the company dragged on for maybe another year.)
        
         | thangalin wrote:
         | > but you still have to plug the device into a cable at some
         | point
         | 
         | That may explain why I can't find a 5 Gbps wireless USB
         | extender for my work web cam.
         | 
         | https://hardwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/18983/wirel...
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | But today we can have wireless charge too, would that change
         | things?
        
           | moritonal wrote:
           | USB over QI wireless would be great.
        
           | variaga wrote:
           | I think it could. If wireless charging docks has been common
           | at the time, the upgrade to "now your wireless charger can do
           | data sync too" is a straightforward improvement.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, at the time there was only one phone that had
           | wireless charging built in (Palm Pre). I know our sales and
           | marketing did try to engage with them on getting wireless usb
           | into "the next version" of the Pre, but nothing came of it. I
           | don't know the details.
           | 
           | At this point wifi is ubiquitous enough that a new version of
           | wireless usb would have a hard time competing with it though.
        
       | lofaszvanitt wrote:
       | In the coming age of AI we can do our own communications
       | protocols and leave behind the horrible bt and wifi
       | implementations. Right? :D
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Imo, at this point nobody should be designing any wireless
       | protocol that doesn't support full IP networking.
       | 
       | Sure, your Bluetooth headphones only 1:1 connect to your phone...
       | But if they could connect directly to your WiFi router they could
       | keep playing music when your phone goes out of range... Or you
       | could connect them to two phones... Or you could connect them to
       | your TV to get sound from that...
       | 
       | Basically, IP networking still allows direct connections, but
       | also allows far more possibilities.
       | 
       | Same with wireless USB - a wireless USB printer can only print
       | from one host - but a wireless IP printer can be on the network
       | for all to use.
        
         | explodes wrote:
         | I don't want to have to expose any of my devices to the entire
         | internet just to use them. Sure one can firewall and block
         | things manually, but I would prefer things were secure by
         | default.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | The _protocol_ should allow it, even if the _implementation_
           | perhaps limits users to the local network or some other more
           | sensible security policy.
        
             | tossandthrow wrote:
             | This directly opposes design principles of secure and
             | correct by construction.
             | 
             | If any of my colleagues would make an overly abstracted
             | solution for a problem and ship it with a dsl to configure
             | it, I would say no, and ask them to solve the problem at
             | hand.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | If the protocol allows it, products using the protocol will
             | require it.
        
             | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
             | The implementation needs to be controllable and simple
             | enough for basic users then. If something is possible,
             | companies will abuse it.
        
         | dodslaser wrote:
         | Please do not give me more devices that need to connect to my
         | WiFi for basic functionality. These devices add congestion,
         | attack surface, and give manufacturers access to way more
         | information than I am comfortable with. I already have to fight
         | my washing machine, stove, refrigerator, etc. on this.
        
           | _Algernon_ wrote:
           | >Basically, IP networking still allows direct connections,
           | but also allows far more possibilities.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | And requires more configuration! Sure let me just type a
             | netmask into my headphones by tapping the volume buttons.
        
             | freehorse wrote:
             | > allows far more possibilities.
             | 
             | >> attack surface, and give manufacturers access to way
             | more information than I am comfortable with
             | 
             | When your device is on your WiFi you cannot be completely
             | sure what it does (unless you monitor the traffic).
        
               | gbear605 wrote:
               | As opposed to a USB device which requires you to install
               | an opaque driver, which could also phone home? That's
               | hardly a win as far as security goes.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Hey, is your root password still bazz1l?
             | 
             | I've got a cat named Emacs, but he's not allowed to be a
             | root password.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | You're not going to get low power consumption with IP. That's a
         | problem for small battery powered devices.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | You will as long as the protocol is designed to be power
           | efficient.
           | 
           | I agree though that existing WiFi networks are hard to
           | connect to from devices where battery life needs to be
           | measured in months.
        
         | fulafel wrote:
         | Bluetooth had networking already in the early days (PAN).
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Still there on android phones.
           | 
           | It's so terribly slow it's almost unusable, but does seem to
           | be substantiality more power efficient than running a WiFi
           | hotspot all the time.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | The main reason why I love Zigbee is that it _doesn 't_ support
         | full IP networking. It's about broadcasting standard messages
         | to all the devices, like a message queue, and that's fantastic
         | for the use case.
         | 
         | No firewalls to worry about, no external access, nothing, just
         | all my devices automatically communicating with all other
         | devices.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | I personally don't think this comment would be so outrageously
         | wrong. I for one thought about making a Wi-Fi headphone for
         | couple times.
        
       | shahzaibmushtaq wrote:
       | In certain cases, plug-and-play interfaces outperform wireless
       | mediums.
        
       | brudgers wrote:
       | Maybe the deeper problem with wireless USB was that "Wireless
       | USB" is an appealing word salad rather than a solution a
       | meaningful problem.
       | 
       | I mean a wireless USB hub would eliminate exactly one cable [1]
       | and onboard wireless USB requires the same number of radios as
       | WiFi. [2] But "Wireless USB" still sounds a kinda' sexy answer to
       | "What are you working on?" [3]
       | 
       | [1] Wirelessly eliminating one USB cable already had its critical
       | solution in a mature dongle dependent wireless mouse market.
       | 
       | [2] For example WiFi printers were already a thing and fit into
       | the evergreen problem of sharing printers and wireless USB wasn't
       | going to improve online experience.
       | 
       | [3] "Wireless USB" is a great sound bite. Short, sounds like the
       | future, and people will feel like they know what it means. [4]
       | 
       | [4] The article reminded me that indeed at some point in the last
       | five years (or maybe ten, these things run together) I thought
       | "wireless USB would do that" and googling "wireless usb" because
       | surely it must exist but of course it didn't really and I
       | probably bought a long cable off eBay. But I remember coming up
       | with the thought and googling.
        
       | michelb wrote:
       | Didn't help you had to flip the signal up-down-up to get it
       | working.
        
       | jajko wrote:
       | That's one thing, but what happened to wireless HDMI? That would
       | save a lot of cable pain in literally all households out there
       | too.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | It exists if you pay for a pair of dongles and are ok with
         | bandwidth compormises.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | And replace cable pain with ISM congestion pain? Living in a
         | somewhat densely populated area I find myself switch off Wi-Fi
         | on my smartphone because paid LTE is so much more reliable
         | quite often.
        
         | jonesjohnson wrote:
         | Slightly off-topic, but I'm totally in favor of letting HDMI
         | die the slow and agonizing death it's supposed to die.
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/02/hdmi-forum-to-amd-no...
        
       | RantyDave wrote:
       | Awesome. Now do WiMax.
        
       | ElFitz wrote:
       | We were a bit late when we discovered wireless USB had been a
       | thing. Still, we managed to find one pair of emitter and receiver
       | that also transmitted HDMI, power the "receiver" side with a
       | battery, in a backpack, and hook it up with another power bank to
       | an Oculus DK1.
       | 
       | Unexpectedly, battery time was never an issue. The WUSB chip in
       | the receiver would overheat long before that and start
       | throttling, leading to jittery head tracking.
       | 
       | Turned out, it was a widespread issue with that WUSB chip.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Seems like you could spend a smidgen of that battery power on a
         | fan, no?
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | [I am not a physicist]
           | 
           | Wouldn't a fan in a backpack just move hot air including the
           | heat of its motor?
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | Yes, it will move the hot air, but typically the
             | temperature of the chip is substantially higher than the
             | ambient air inside the enclosure (be it a backpack or a
             | laptop shell or anything else.) Furthermore, even if the
             | backpack is 100% sealed, by raising its temperature you
             | significantly increase the amount of heat that the backpack
             | rejects.
             | 
             | A quick Google says that the Oculus DK1 used ~3W, and you
             | can easily find a fan that uses a fraction of a watt to
             | move a reasonable amount of air, so this would probably
             | have worked out.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | Fans reduce sensible heat because humans have evaporative
               | cooling.
               | 
               | A backpack is pretty much a closed system and chips use
               | convective cooling.
               | 
               | Adding a fan won't create a positivee pressure gradient
               | between the backpack and outside world but will add 3 or
               | more watts of heat to the closed system.
        
               | owenversteeg wrote:
               | Did you even read my comment? I have designed cooling
               | systems professionally and I can assure you that is how
               | things work :) Not trying to be rude, but your comment is
               | incorrect in several ways.
               | 
               | I'll make this very simple: The hot chip is warmer than
               | the ambient air because the rate of heat transfer from
               | the chip to the air is low. A fan will increase the rate
               | of heat transfer, thus decreasing the temperature of the
               | chip and increasing the temperature of the air in the
               | backpack. It will also increase the rate of heat transfer
               | from the backpack air to the backpack, which will
               | increase the rate of heat transfer from the backpack to
               | the environment.
               | 
               | Notably, the fan would help even if the backpack was a
               | magic closed system (which it is not; put a 100W computer
               | and a 1kWh battery into it, open ten hours later, and you
               | will not have anywhere near 1kWh of heat.) But why would
               | it help in a closed system? Because the chip does not
               | care about the total energy in the system, the chip cares
               | about the peak chip temperature. The chip will always be
               | the hottest thing in the backpack, but the delta in
               | temperature between the chip and the air can be quite
               | large. Indeed, in practice, for "natural convection" (no
               | fan), this dT between the chip and the air is
               | considerable. When you add a fan ("forced convection")
               | you shrink that dT substantially.
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | Thank you. I learned something fundamental from your
               | comment that I did not know prior. Well, maybe I did, but
               | how I think about it makes it harder to reason about.
               | 
               | Whatever, it is easier to see for me now. Lol
               | 
               | Seeing the benefit of the fan in terms of increased heat
               | transfer to everything the air touches is easy. Full
               | stop.
        
               | owenversteeg wrote:
               | You're very welcome!
               | 
               | Heat is a fascinating thing. I can really recommend
               | trying to visualize it and "playing around" with it in
               | your daily life to get a stronger intuition for things.
               | Pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the things
               | around you and how that "feels": aluminum or copper
               | extremely high, other metals high, plastics and woods
               | low, fabrics and foams very low. Notice how evaporating
               | water is very powerful at cooling things down, and how
               | condensing water can warm things up. Notice how a small
               | hot object cools slowly but a larger one can reject the
               | same amount of heat very fast. Inspect the back of your
               | fridge, or the inside of an A/C, and understand what's
               | going on and where the energy is.
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | Well, your comment is timely. I am part of a project
               | about to embark on some highly specialized thermal
               | simulation.
               | 
               | I will be doing exactly what you suggested to me here.
        
           | ElFitz wrote:
           | We later replaced the backpack with a home-made open mesh
           | grid onto which the receiver was strapped.
           | 
           | But that just bought us a bit more run time without actually
           | solving anything.
           | 
           | From what I'd gathered at the time, it was a common issue
           | with products that relied on that specific chip, and I doubt
           | most shared our use case.
        
       | ajross wrote:
       | Interestingly one of the competing chipsets for Wireless USB
       | lives on today... in the market-leading[1] Spektrum radios for RC
       | vehicle control. Their DSMx protocol is based on the Cypress
       | Semiconductor products, which are still available in the market
       | despite not being recommended for new designs.
       | 
       | [1] But certainly not best. Consensus for "best" goes to the open
       | source ExpressLRS work based on the Semtech LoRa products.
        
       | znpy wrote:
       | This post has unlocked the memory of seeing some Intel CEO
       | demoing wireless power and connectivity for laptops.
       | 
       | Basically you "just" put your laptop on your desk and it
       | automatically starts getting power (similar to what phones can do
       | nowadays) as well transmit video to a display (on the same desk).
       | 
       | It's sad that went nowhere, it would have been very cool and
       | something actually useful.
        
         | palata wrote:
         | > it would have been very cool and something actually useful.
         | 
         | Less efficient, just for "cool". I think it's better to stick
         | with cables.
        
           | tossandthrow wrote:
           | Yep!
           | 
           | It would be a marginal. Improvement at a huge increase in
           | complexity
           | 
           | Adjacent intention on the same action that leads to a
           | connected computer, eg. I put my laptop on my friend table
           | for storage, and it connects against my intention.
        
             | palata wrote:
             | Totally. Many accessories nowadays require bluetooth/wifi
             | where actually they could be connected with a cable: they
             | don't move and they need to be charged.
             | 
             | Connecting over a cable is trivial: you detect the
             | connection and that's it, and the user physically sees the
             | connection between the devices.
             | 
             | Connecting over radio requires pairing, that is very
             | frustrating when it doesn't work. Pairing is annoying so
             | devices try to automatically reconnect, but then if you
             | pair with multiple devices, it brings frustration because
             | it never automatically connects to what the user wants.
             | 
             | Whenever cables are a possible solution, they are superior.
        
               | znpy wrote:
               | > Connecting over radio requires pairing, that is very
               | frustrating when it doesn't work.
               | 
               | Everything's frustrating when it doesn't work.
               | 
               | > Connecting over radio requires pairing
               | 
               | This is a solved problem, plagued by technology
               | fragmentation. You could very well save the necessary
               | information for discovery and pairing onto an NFC tag and
               | use that to access the network (further authentication
               | might happen, if configured).
               | 
               | This is basically never done on WiFi because you cannot
               | assume a client host has a NFC reader (let alone proper
               | code handling the tag and the information).
               | 
               | But it's done in the world of bluetooth: some big-name
               | headsets (Sony IIRC) can do bluetooth connection
               | negotiation via NFC. You activate the feature (dedicated
               | button), tap your phone and off you go. No pin, no
               | pairing annoyances.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | > Everything's frustrating when it doesn't work.
               | 
               | My point being that it cannot be frustrating if it
               | doesn't exist.
               | 
               | > This is a solved problem
               | 
               | Tell that to my airpods that connect to the wrong device
               | (so I need to manually go connect to them most of the
               | time) and to my phone that doesn't automatically connect
               | to my airpods when it is already connected to my watch.
               | 
               | Granted, I want wireless between my phone, watch and
               | headset. But I wouldn't call it a solved problem.
        
       | m000 wrote:
       | Could wireless USB be a case of "if all you have is a hammer,
       | everything looks like a nail"? [1]
       | 
       | I.e. the effort was driven by the USB-IF [2] that happens to be
       | more hardware than software oriented. So they were eager to
       | deliver a solution based around a new chipset that could be
       | adopted immediately by anyone interested.
       | 
       | This failed to account for adoption friction/lag, and the era of
       | ARM-based SBCs and WiFi proliferation which was already dawning
       | (e.g. iPAQ handhelds were available at the time [3]).
       | 
       | So, they ended up with most of their envisioned use-cases [4]
       | being covered either by SBCs, or by Bluetooth. At least in
       | retrospect, standarizing a pure software solution like USB over
       | IP, as an added-value proposition for the USB standard, would
       | have made more sense.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_instrument#Abraham_...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.usb.org/about
       | 
       | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPAQ
       | 
       | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_USB#Uses
        
       | Biganon wrote:
       | To the aithor : careful, on one picture at least you blacked out
       | the human-readable PIN of a device, but forgot to black out the
       | corresponding barcode right below
        
         | skinner927 wrote:
         | That's the MAC address barcode
        
           | Biganon wrote:
           | ...the MAC address barcode was below the MAC address, the PIN
           | barcode was below the PIN.
           | 
           | They fixed it now.
        
       | Marsymars wrote:
       | Interestingly, the 2017 Essential Phone used wireless USB for the
       | data communication to its magnetically-attached/powered modular
       | accessories. (Of which the only released one was a 360deg
       | camera.)
        
       | meanmrmustard92 wrote:
       | "depending on executive and blood alcohol level" is such a good
       | throwaway joke
        
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