[HN Gopher] Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken
       23 years apart
        
       Author : spchampion2
       Score  : 140 points
       Date   : 2025-05-02 21:13 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.space.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.space.com)
        
       | bikenaga wrote:
       | Original paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.17288
        
         | codethief wrote:
         | Non-PDF link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17288
        
         | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
         | They forgot to change the title from "Overleaf Example" in
         | their LaTeX source file.
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | It's "hello, world!" planetary science with "hello, world!"
           | tooling!
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | we already have a 9'th planet, but due to the greatest pedantic
       | campain of all time, pluto got demoted. Though given the current
       | situation, ha!, that could change.....perhaps the naming commity
       | will get noticed, and be offered a chance to do a deal, and Make
       | Pluto A Planet Again,(MPAPA)
        
         | chess_buster wrote:
         | Pluto for planet! https://www.planetarium-hamburg.de/en/pluto-
         | for-planet
        
         | rini17 wrote:
         | The same happened to Ceres first. To be fair, Make Ceres A
         | Planet Again!
        
           | metalman wrote:
           | Ya, I know but Ceres is going to get pushed into an
           | intersection with Mars to generate an atmosphere and a
           | hydrological cycle .......testing on fusion rocket drives is
           | ongoing https://newatlas.com/space/pulsar-fusion-rocket-
           | design-slash...
        
             | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
             | I mean, if you're pushing ceres around, teller and ulam
             | already designed the ideal fusion rocket
        
             | Qem wrote:
             | Hopefully the energy released would also remelt it and
             | restart it's magnetic field, to avoid volatile loss again.
        
           | juped wrote:
           | Yes, Pluto is the tenth planet.
           | 
           | To discover Planet 9, simply open your ephemerides and look
           | for "Neptune".
        
             | db48x wrote:
             | Back in the day Mercury, Venus, Earth, Ceres, Pallas,
             | Vesta, Juno, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
             | were the 12 planets. You could kinda consider Pluto to be
             | the 13th planet, but in 1930 when it was discovered there
             | were already over 1000 named asteroids. So Pluto is the
             | 1146th planet.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | If planets are required to clear their orbits, what was
           | Jupiter called while the solar system was forming? A dwarf
           | planet? A proto planet? The entire time?
           | 
           | Was earth not a planet shortly before and after collision
           | with Theia?
           | 
           | The naming pedantry seems ridiculous given that we have such
           | a small sample size.
        
             | anton-c wrote:
             | I find that to be the most weird one too. I don't know much
             | about orbital mechanics but in the unlikely chance 2 bodies
             | shared an orbit does that mean they aren't planets then?
             | How close can two planets be before losing that
             | designation? I share your ire.
        
             | stouset wrote:
             | Every single definition that segments a real world set of
             | continuous objects into discrete buckets has surprising
             | edge cases. This is basically inescapable.
             | 
             | To steal a quote: All definitions are wrong. Some are
             | useful.
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | This is especially important if it turnes out there is a black
         | hole acting as an additional planet, since it justifies the
         | "Planet X" name.
        
         | rollcat wrote:
         | The definition is pretty arbitrary. It's more interesting, what
         | can we learn by studying that object. Even the trivia, like
         | tidal locking, it was one of my 10000 moments
         | (https://xkcd.com/1053/).
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | If you add Pluto, you must add also Eris and a few more, like 5
         | or more, and perhaps also Ceres.
         | 
         | Here is a nice graphic that excludes Ceres
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet#Population_of_d...
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | We should add those planets to the official list too. Gauss
           | considered Ceres to be a planet and I believe him over living
           | astronomers.
           | 
           | The motivation for this dwarf planet nonsense was to try to
           | keep the official planet list small so children could
           | memorize them with ease, but that is absurd. We do not remove
           | countries from the map to make it easier for children to
           | learn geography and there are over 100 of them.
        
             | nonethewiser wrote:
             | I mean... there has to be more to it than that right? But
             | im also open to being red pilled on pluto.
        
             | db48x wrote:
             | For a generation, schoolchildren everywhere memorized the
             | names of the 12 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Ceres,
             | Pallas, Vesta, Juno, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
             | Neptune.
             | 
             | The list was stable at 12 for about 40 years, but started
             | growing again in the middle of the century. By 1868 there
             | were 100 named asteroids. Not a single one has people
             | living on it, so making children memorize their names was
             | seen as a waste of time. Teach them about the asteroid belt
             | and then move on to more important things. Likewise with
             | the TNO: teach them about the Kuiper belt and the Oort
             | cloud and then move on to more important things. No need to
             | make them memorize Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong,
             | Quaoar, Sedna, and Orcus, nor any of the hundreds of other
             | named TNO.
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | I would add those to the list of official planets, yes. Don't
           | remove Pluto, add the rest.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | So that makes Pluto the 10th planet an Neptune the 9th
             | planet.
        
       | randomtoast wrote:
       | I find one theory regarding Planet 9 especially interesting, and
       | that is that it could be a primordial black hole with a
       | Schwarzschild radius on the order of just a few centimeters. So
       | basically, just a golf ball-sized black hole. This would explain
       | why we can see the gravitational effects on the other objects as
       | described in many papers, and it would also explain at the same
       | time why we have no direct observation of this object, because
       | it's simply too tiny and black.
        
         | api wrote:
         | I really hope this is true, because it would mean there is a
         | black hole close enough it could be examined and studied. This
         | might allow us to test physics ideas that can't be tested any
         | other way, and maybe even to "finish" physics.
         | 
         | It could also allow gravity and Oberth effect acceleration of
         | small probes to meaningful fractions of the speed of light for
         | interstellar flyby missions. Imagine the Oberth effect boost
         | from thrusting in such a deep gravity well.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | I really hope it isn't true because if there's one out there,
           | there will be others, and I'd rather not meet one in person.
           | 
           | We don't have enough data to see whether there are unexpected
           | instabilities in detected planetary systems. But it would be
           | an interesting project to look for those.
        
             | api wrote:
             | They're not dangerous unless you get too close. A black
             | hole is not a cosmic vacuum cleaner.
             | 
             | If the Moon were suddenly transformed into a tiny black
             | hole with the same mass, it would continue to orbit the
             | Earth at the same distance. Ocean tides due to its gravity
             | would continue normally. There would not be much effect
             | except that it would no longer be visible with the naked
             | eye and would no longer reflect the sun's light back to
             | Earth. If you found it in a telescope, you might see
             | gravitational lensing as it passed in front of the star
             | field. Objects like probes or old spacecraft stages
             | orbiting the Moon would continue to do so.
             | 
             | The only danger would be that if things fell into it I
             | suppose you might get dangerous X-ray and gamma ray
             | emissions from its accretion disc that would be a problem
             | at such a close range. That would not be an issue with a
             | primordial black hole much further away.
             | 
             | If there were such an object we could send probes to orbit
             | it and study it, and some experiments may involve firing
             | objects or shooting lasers or beams of particles into it to
             | attempt to learn about the quantum effects at the event
             | horizon. This could be massive for physics, allowing us to
             | access and observe conditions and energies not replicable
             | here on Earth with any current technology.
             | 
             | BTW we don't have any hard evidence that primordial black
             | holes exist, but many theories predict them. So far such
             | predictions around black holes have a pretty good track
             | record. If you made me bet, I would bet on them existing.
             | They are a candidate for some or perhaps even all of dark
             | matter, though even if that's not the case they might still
             | exist. It's possible that the dark matter haloes we can
             | spot with gravitational lensing are clouds of these things.
             | ("Clouds" of course is a misnomer-- the distance between
             | them would be many light years.)
             | 
             | If planet nine is a PBH it means that at some point one was
             | captured by our solar system into a Kuiper Belt orbit. Even
             | if planet nine isn't one, there still may be small asteroid
             | mass PBHs in our solar system, so we still might find one.
             | They would require extremely sensitive X-ray or gamma ray
             | telescopes or highly accurate gravitational models of the
             | solar system to detect.
        
               | nonethewiser wrote:
               | That is very interesting and made me realize I did think
               | of black holes as "sucking" things in. Which I see is not
               | the right way to think about it.
        
               | api wrote:
               | It's an object with theoretical maximum density. That's
               | one way to think about it.
               | 
               | Another visualization: if you had an Earth mass black
               | hole with a solid shell surrounding it at the same radius
               | as the Earth's surface is from its core, gravity atop
               | that shell would be 1g. The actual black hole would be
               | about the size of a marble.
               | 
               | If you got close to it you would of course be subject to
               | insane gravity and be "spaghettified" etc. All the mass
               | would be in that marble. But at a distance it would be
               | the same.
               | 
               | Compared to that object the Earth is mostly empty space.
               | Ordinary matter is not that dense.
               | 
               | Black holes are totally fascinating. They are in some
               | ways the most extreme objects that can possibly exist. If
               | we could study one we could learn a lot.
        
               | philipov wrote:
               | That's Newton's Shell Theorem for you.
        
               | baxtr wrote:
               | I love HN for these kind of comments
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | They're also interestingly one of the most boring: every
               | black hole can be described by 3 numbers: mass, spin and
               | charge.
               | 
               | Which is to say they are extremely high entropy.
        
             | shiandow wrote:
             | Running into a rogue black hole must be far less likely
             | than an extinction level impact with a relstively boring
             | big rock.
        
           | ednite wrote:
           | Honestly, if there is a golf ball-sized black hole out there
           | chilling in the outer solar system, I'm all in.
           | 
           | Let's fire up a replica of TARS, load up ChatGPT inside
           | (TARS-GPT, patent pending), and yeet it straight toward the
           | Schwarzschild golf ball. It'll narrate live.
           | 
           | Imagine the livestream:
           | 
           | "Approaching event horizon. Spaghettification at 3%. Mood:
           | stretchy."
           | 
           | "Entering gravitational lensing zone... wow, even my tokens
           | are redshifting."
           | 
           | Bonus: With the right timing and Oberth maneuver, TARS-GPT
           | might sling itself into Alpha Centauri before we finish
           | arguing whether Pluto's a planet again.
           | 
           | Worst case: we lose a robot. Best case: we unlock quantum
           | gravity and get a podcast from inside a black hole.
           | 
           | I'd call that a win.
        
             | ednite wrote:
             | Not sure why the downvotes--if I came off wrong, my
             | apologies. I genuinely meant it in a humoristic way. I'd
             | honestly love to see a probe launched into a black hole.
        
               | misnome wrote:
               | It's the AI Poe's law: Any joke is indistinguishable from
               | insane stuff LLM advocates will earnestly say they can
               | do.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | We could use the black hole to power our civilization due to
           | how efficient it is for generating power.
        
             | api wrote:
             | Not at that distance but black hole starship drives are
             | _theoretically_ possible. Far, far beyond our capabilities
             | but possible within known physics. This is like Kardashev
             | type II civilization stuff.
             | 
             | Domesticating fusion would be much easier. That is within
             | sight.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | No need for something that exotic. The Earth alone receives
             | more energy from the sun every hour than mankind uses each
             | year.
        
               | john2x wrote:
               | Yeah but you can't raise trillions of dollars with that.
               | Investors want to be able to tell to their friends at
               | parties that they helped made blackhole tech possible.
        
           | zveyaeyv3sfye wrote:
           | Not sure I want a black hole in my backyard ;-)
           | 
           | For all it's worth, there's no need to go black hole to
           | explain the lack of visual observation. Objects that far from
           | a star reflect very little if any light and would appear
           | black to a black background.
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | Black holes are no more "dangerous" than other objects of
             | equal mass.
             | 
             | If a black hole with a mass of, say, Ceres hit the Earth,
             | it would not be particularly worse than if Ceres hit the
             | Earth.
        
               | devoutsalsa wrote:
               | I'd love see a mini-Ceres about this streaming on Nebula.
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _If a black hole with a mass of, say, Ceres hit the
               | Earth, it would not be particularly worse than if Ceres
               | hit the Earth._
               | 
               | This equivalency is true for many aspects of orbital
               | mechanics (depending on setup giving sufficient
               | distance), but I don't believe that's true at all for a
               | collision. Someone with more knowledge correct me, but a
               | black hole with the mass of Ceres would be _very_ tiny
               | but also emitting a ton of radiation. The collision would
               | be very different.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | I more mean that the resulting moon-sized fragments of
               | what used to be the earth would be equally devoid of
               | life. I agree the physics might vary somewhat.
               | 
               | If the black hole had a mass more similar to a 0.5-mile
               | asteroid...well, I'm not sure what would happen. Would it
               | just punch a hole straight through the earth?
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | FWIW, the object in the linked article is visible, so while
         | that's an interesting theory it's actually ruled out if this
         | thing turns out to be a planet. The black hole would need to be
         | Planet 10 I guess.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | At the distances described, available passive light flux is so
         | low, it could be 100% painted with white titanium dioxide paint
         | and we'd be lucky to ever see it. It doesn't need to be a black
         | hole to be effectively invisible.
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | Indeed, it's a doubly inverse-squared law: one 1/d^2 factor
           | for how far it is from the sun, by how much the solar flux is
           | reduced; and one 1/d^2 factor again for how it is from Earth-
           | based observers. 1/d^4, a quartic law.
           | 
           | That's the idea behind this paper (and similar ones like it):
           | since they're looking for the planet's intrinsic emissions,
           | from its internal heat, it's only a _single_ inverse-square
           | law.
           | 
           | With _d_ being ~20 times Neptune 's distance and ~140 times
           | Jupiter's, these really are large factors!
        
         | Projectiboga wrote:
         | If it were earth mass it would be ~grapefruit size. This
         | estimate puts object nine at 9 earth mass so maybe vollyball
         | size or melon size? https://www.astronomy.com/science/is-
         | planet-nine-a-black-hol...
        
           | tlogan wrote:
           | If I'm remembering right, compressing all of Earth's mass
           | would give a Schwarzschild radius of roughly 9 mm. I think
           | Uranus (15x heavier than earth) would be like basketball.
           | 
           | Is my calculation correct?
        
           | Qem wrote:
           | If it were a blackhole it wouldn't show up in IRAS and AKARI
           | infrared maps.
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | Wait, are you saying we have infrared maps showing planet
             | 9?
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | For god's sake man read the article before you comment.
        
             | bobmcnamara wrote:
             | Would probably be a screamer on x-ray though.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Not without an accretion disk, and why would it have one?
               | It would've cleared it's orbit.
        
       | AIPedant wrote:
       | I think "15 times further from the Sun than Pluto" is more
       | meaningful for most readers than "700 times further from the Sun
       | than Earth." If it exists, it's way way way out there.
        
         | ck2 wrote:
         | There's an episode on "Space & Beyond" where they show all the
         | planets in scale to the realworld on an actual football field.
         | 
         | Then to show Planet 9 distance they have to get in a car and
         | drive a few miles.
         | 
         | That worked for me.
        
           | 7373737373 wrote:
           | My favorite: Cody'sLab's "How far away are the nearest
           | stars": https://youtube.com/watch?v=dCSIXLIzhzk Also gives an
           | intuition for how incredibly bright stars shine
        
           | oxidant wrote:
           | I think Bill Nye has something similar, too.
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | Yeah, when the solar system was introduced to my class in
           | grade school, we had an outdoor excursion where the teacher
           | brought out a golfball and place it at one end, then brought
           | out various tiny things (noting scale was very approximate)
           | and paced off each to show the relative distances.
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | I have a set of twelve books by an artist, titled
           | "Astronomical" (one book for each letter). The first page
           | shows the sun, then the rest of the books are almost all
           | simply black pages, but with the planets and asteroid belt
           | entities shown with accurate distance and size scale.
           | 
           | It communicates the scales really well, while only taking up
           | a little over a foot of bookshelf space when not being
           | "navigated". I have two heavy metallic retro looking rocket
           | bookends for it.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Yes, also being 10x the mass of Earth that far out hints that
         | it may be an interstellar object captured by the Sun.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | Forgive my ignorance but how is that different than the rest
           | of the planets?
        
             | tliltocatl wrote:
             | The rest of the planets are theorized to have condensed
             | from the protoplanetary disk that formed the same molecular
             | cloud the Sun did. I. e. they have formed at approximately
             | same time as the sun and from same material, sans
             | gravitational separation.
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | Ah, so a captured body would be quite different and
               | alien. Really old too. Like, first generation of stars.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Not at all implied. It could be boring and younger too.
               | 
               | 10x earth masses usually implies a gas giant.
        
               | geuis wrote:
               | Would likely be older than the solar system itself.
               | Probably not first gen star old, but likely would have
               | formed before the sun did. Don't know how different it
               | would be though. Would have formed out of maybe different
               | ratios of elements than what was in the molecular cloud
               | we formed from, but otherwise a large body like this
               | would have undergone similar geological processes as our
               | own planets.
        
             | libraryofbabel wrote:
             | The other planets formed from material in the same nebula
             | (cloud of gas and dust) that collapsed to form the sun. The
             | idea here is this planet would have been moving through the
             | interstellar medium and just happened to pass close enough
             | to the sun's gravity well to get captured in a (very
             | distant) orbit.
        
               | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
               | Capture would be like a reverse gravitational slingshot?
               | This planet happened to meet the sun at an angle where it
               | lost enough energy to fall into orbit instead of slinging
               | back out like those comets that come around on long
               | cycles?
        
               | tough wrote:
               | gravitational capture
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | AFAIK, it could be in a 2 bodies slingshot, multi-body
               | interaction with some other stuff on the Oort cloud, or
               | tidal interaction (what could happen way more easily with
               | a nebula).
        
               | noah_buddy wrote:
               | A comet coming back on a long cycle is an orbit
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | You don't need to lose energy to enter orbit any more
               | than you need to lose energy too roll a ball down a hill.
        
               | tliltocatl wrote:
               | Not true. An obit is not an infinite "plain" with a
               | finite "hill" on but rather a finite "valley". The ball
               | will exit the valley on the other side unless it loses
               | excess kinetic energy somewhere in the valley.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Correct, but my point is you don't need to lose energy to
               | enter orbit.
               | 
               | You don't need complex reverse slingshot interactions.
               | You just need a low enough relative velocity to not shoot
               | off the other side.
               | 
               | I would expect this to be the norm for capture, not some
               | exotic phenomenon.
               | 
               | A ball doesn't need to lose energy to be captured in a
               | valley either.
               | 
               | You just apply a radial force to turn a line into a
               | circle.
               | 
               | Anything that approaches the sun slower than escape
               | velocity will be captured.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | To all other readers: this is wrong.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | That is not true. If it approaches with less than escape
               | velocity it will gain all the velocity necessary to
               | escape in the process of approaching the Sun.
               | 
               | You could think of it as speeding up as it falls toward
               | the sun, it then slows down by the exact same amount as
               | it leaves the Sun.
               | 
               | In order to stay near the sun it needs to lose some of
               | that speed, and given that momentum is conserved, the
               | only possible way is to either hit the Sun or send that
               | momentum to a third object.
        
               | tliltocatl wrote:
               | Anything that approaches the sun will do so with faster
               | than escape velocity because the gravitational potential
               | energy gets converted into kinetic during the approach.
               | Newtonian mechanics is time-reversible - just like it's
               | impossible for an object in orbit to spontaneously escape
               | without gaining energy from somewhere first, it's
               | impossible to enter orbit without losing energy to
               | another body.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | It would be like a reverse gravitational slingshot, in a
               | different way.
               | 
               | There is no way to capture with just 2 bodies - it would
               | have to leave on gthe same hyperbolic orbit that it
               | arrived on. However if it drove by and had a close enough
               | interaction with a third body, like Jupiter, it could
               | lose angular momentum to the planet, resulting in
               | entering an orbit around the Sun. Further gravitational
               | interactions with planets could then smooth that orbit
               | out over time.
               | 
               | Alternately this could be the more straightforward
               | scenario of interstellar object hits planetoid, they
               | merge, and the new combined object is now in orbit.
        
           | water-data-dude wrote:
           | I wanted to get a sense of what that MEANS relative to the
           | rest of the gas giants. Apparently it'd be roughly the size
           | of Uranus or Neptune.
           | 
           | I guess I'd always put all the gas giants in the same "very,
           | unimaginably big" bucket. I knew Jupiter was the biggest,
           | then Saturn, but I didn't realize just HOW big they were
           | compared to the rest. At the risk of stating the very, very
           | obvious, Jupiter is huge!!!
           | 
           | Masses of gas giants are: Jupiter, 317.8 earth mass; Saturn,
           | 95.2 earth mass; Neptune, 17.1 earth mass; Uranus, 14.5 earth
           | mass
           | 
           | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_mass#Unit_of_mass_i
           | n_a...
        
             | mncharity wrote:
             | So Earth-mass orders-of-magnitude go something like: [big]
             | 3 Juno, [balls] Ceres, Io, Moon, Mars, Earth, [gas] Uranus-
             | Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter and super-Jupiters, [fusion] brown
             | dwarfs, stars... .
        
         | NikkiA wrote:
         | I dunno, '700 AU' gelled for me instantly, '15 times the
         | distance to pluto' doesn't even make sense given pluto's orbit
         | isn't anywhere near circular.
        
           | doubletwoyou wrote:
           | I don't think the vast majority of people will have a good
           | sense of how far away the standard gas giants and pluto are
           | from the sun in terms of AU.
        
           | AIPedant wrote:
           | It makes even less sense for Earth because Earth's orbit _is_
           | near-circular, whereas Planet 9 's hypothesized orbit is
           | highly eccentric, more so than Pluto.
           | 
           | Most people don't know off-hand that Pluto is ~40-50AU from
           | the sun, so 700AU is hard to conceptualize.
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | And Neptune orbits at 30 AU with very low eccentricity, "of
             | course."
             | 
             | https://xkcd.com/2501/
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Most people don't know off-hand that Pluto is ~40-50AU
             | 
             | ~30-50AU if you are referring to the range of orbital
             | distance.
        
         | rainsford wrote:
         | It's sort of amazing to me that the Sun can capture objects
         | that far away. Like obviously even at that distance the Sun
         | would be by far the closest massive thing, but it's hard to
         | comprehend the effects of gravity being strong enough at that
         | distance. From "Planet 9" the Sun probably wouldn't
         | significantly stand out from all the other stars in the sky,
         | yet you'd be orbiting it.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | That IS better, but I like ~0.011Ly too ... the nearest star is
         | about 4Ly away.
         | 
         | Another perspective on the size of the solar system, like the
         | Pale Blue Dot.
        
         | bsdetector wrote:
         | Would this be far enough out to use the sun's gravitational
         | lensing to image distant planets?
         | 
         | It seems like the idea was to send a bunch of instruments way
         | out and then take pictures in the brief time they were at a
         | useful distance, but if there's a planet out there we can orbit
         | and so stop the instruments at that distance it seems like we
         | could make a permanent super telescope.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Probably easier to just put it in solar orbit at that
           | distance. Orbital velocity is only about 1km/s at 700 AU.
        
           | codesnik wrote:
           | orbiting a planet in that case is no different than orbiting
           | a sun on the same orbit as planet. Probably even more
           | cumbersome, all that jiggling around. Or are you talking
           | about making a gravity assist to turn the orbit of the probe
           | into less eccentric?
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | This _cannot_ be evidence of Planet 9 (the Batygin and Brown
       | hypothesis)--it 's outright incompatible with it.
       | 
       | https://bsky.app/profile/plutokiller.com/post/3lnqm2ymbd22r
       | 
       | If those two spots are the same object, that object is on a high-
       | inclination orbit; but the pattern the Planet 9 hypothesis
       | explains is only compatible with a low-inclination object.
        
         | sph wrote:
         | The guy killed Pluto and still he isn't done :(
         | 
         | Seriously though, is he one of the people responsible for
         | Pluto's demotion to dwarf planet?
        
           | ufo wrote:
           | His team discovered Eris and many other trans-neptunian
           | objects, which did fuel the discussion behind pluto's
           | demotion: greatly increase the number of planets, or demote
           | pluto? They're also behind the Planet 9 theory that's
           | discussed in the article.
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | Nobody killed Pluto.
           | 
           | Back in the early 1800s children used to memorize the names
           | of the 12 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Ceres, Pallas,
           | Juno, Vesta, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. But
           | then in 1845 astronomers discovered Astraea, and now there
           | were 13. In 1847 three more were discovered: Hebe, Iris, and
           | Flora. Then Metis, Hygiea, Parthenope, and Victoria by 1850.
           | The 100th asteroid was discovered in 1868, and the pace only
           | got quicker from there. Somewhere along that line people
           | started using the words "asteroid" and "asteroid belt" and
           | schoolchildren were mercifully spared the pointless task of
           | memorizing hundreds, and later many thousands, of names of
           | asteroids.
           | 
           | The same thing happened to Pluto. Just as Ceres was the first
           | discovered asteroid, Pluto was the first discovered TNO.
           | There are now hundreds of named TNO and thousands more that
           | are just numbered. Nobody should force schoolchildren to
           | memorize them all. Just tell them that there are an unknown
           | number of objects in the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud and
           | they'll know as much as they need to know. Give them bonus
           | points if they know the names Ceres and Pluto, and more if
           | they know why these two were discovered first of all the
           | objects in their class: they're the biggest. Otherwise
           | there's nothing special about them.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | Nah, if it is big, and at that distance, and follows an
         | elliptical orbit then yes it will be "Planet 9^W 8"
        
         | rozab wrote:
         | Isn't this exactly how Pluto was discovered? Due to an
         | innacurate estimate of the mass of Neptune (not corrected until
         | Voyager I think), people were hunting for a large planet to
         | explain the discrepancy. After a bunch of searching they
         | happened to find Pluto, but it was not the Planet X they were
         | looking for. The mass estimates for Pluto were gradually
         | downgraded from many Earth masses to 1/500, which is the true
         | reason it was initially classified as a planet.
        
           | Qem wrote:
           | For a time pluto had good estimates for his small size, but
           | poor constraints on his mass beyond this Neptune mass
           | estimate. So I remember reading a short story were they
           | interpreted the possible high density as signs of a stargate.
        
           | philistine wrote:
           | Yeah. If Pluto had been slightly heavier, we'd probably have
           | ended up with a definition of a planet that included its mass
           | instead of clearing its orbit to keep Pluto a planet. But
           | Pluto was cooked when we figured out it's not really heavier
           | than Ceres.
        
         | Qem wrote:
         | Perhaps searching for Planet 9 we went straight to Planet 10.
         | There was another one and we happened to find it first. Or also
         | it could be a nomadic planet undergoing a close encounter with
         | the solar system.
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | I hope this turns out to be wrong. I'm still holding out for a
       | primordial back hole Planet X. That would be soooo cool and
       | unbelievably useful.
        
         | jsbisviewtiful wrote:
         | Why useful? Considering how hard of a time astronomers are
         | having to simply find it it's hard to imagine it being easy to
         | study.
        
           | mrshadowgoose wrote:
           | A black hole in our solar system is basically "in our
           | backyard" in relation to typical interstellar distances.
           | 
           | Sure, we wouldn't be able to get there for many decades, but
           | "within a century" would be feasible.
           | 
           | There are so many unknowns surrounding the nature of black
           | holes. Having one in our backyard would give us a chance to
           | test our guesses.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | A black hole reachable in a human lifetime with ordinary
           | chemical rockets would be an amazing laboratory for extreme
           | physics.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | Yeah, finding it is hard, but once you've found it, sending a
           | probe would be totally doable. I think it would be worth it.
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | Well, 9front guys now have a fancy release name.
        
       | doublerabbit wrote:
       | Can I move to Planet9? Anywhere is better than this planet.
        
         | Qem wrote:
         | With current spaceships you would die of old age long before
         | arrival.
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | How can we spot planets in other galaxies when we can't even be
       | certain how many planets are in our solar system?
        
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