[HN Gopher] Deadly Screwworm Parasite's Comeback Threatens Texas...
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       Deadly Screwworm Parasite's Comeback Threatens Texas Cattle, US
       Beef Supply
        
       Author : nkurz
       Score  : 92 points
       Date   : 2025-05-03 18:29 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | https://archive.is/ul6JR
        
       | Krasnol wrote:
       | > "New World Screwworm: The Threat Returns."
       | 
       | I love this. The whole country is like movie theme parks patched
       | together seamlessly.
       | 
       | I wonder how the king will frame this.
        
         | andsoitis wrote:
         | > I wonder how the king will frame this.
         | 
         | The screwworm cases are in Mexico according to the article,
         | threatening Texas / US cattle. So the framing would be pretty
         | straightforward. One can imagine the word "vermin" rearing its
         | head.
        
       | neuroelectron wrote:
       | Is ivermectin not an option? My fat pet rat got mites and was
       | miserable, itchy and too painful to scratch. One grain of rice
       | dose from the infamous horse tube cleared him right up.
        
         | unsnap_biceps wrote:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3840994/ Seems to show that it
         | does, but I guess the logistics of keeping a herd of cattle
         | covered by giving shots every two weeks may be difficult. And
         | there still is damage to the animal
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | Ivermectin liquid "pour-on" is poured along the backbone of
           | cattle (just as you do in cats and dogs with flea
           | medications).
        
             | unsnap_biceps wrote:
             | The study I linked to showing the effectiveness of
             | Ivermectin was only done subcutaneously. I did not find a
             | study on the effectiveness of non-subcutaneous Ivermectin
             | treatments on screw worms.
             | 
             | Given one of the areas they focused on the study is the
             | scrotal area post castration, I don't expect that a pour on
             | would cover that area well enough to be an effective
             | treatment. Happy to read other studies if you have them
             | showing otherwise.
        
               | neuroelectron wrote:
               | You can use it topically but typically it's an oral dose.
        
               | MillironX wrote:
               | There are injectable and transdermal (pour-on and ear
               | tag) forms for cattle and pigs. I'm not aware of an oral
               | formulation for food animals, even though that's pretty
               | common for horses.
        
           | MillironX wrote:
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9403981/
           | 
           | The article you referred to (and I've seen linked elsewhere
           | in this thread) is about "regular" screwworm ( _Chrysomya
           | bezziana_ ). The recent outbreak is of New World Screwworm (
           | _Cochliomyia hominivorax_ ). The article I've linked suggests
           | that it is much harder to kill than regular screwworm (29% of
           | calves developed myiasis even when treated with ivermectin).
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | You still need to remove them, otherwise you have decomposing
         | maggots in an infected would, which is a great way of killing
         | whatever you were trying to save.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | Quick, get those cattle a special preparation of carrot juice,
       | cod liver oil and turmeric, stat!
        
         | aaronbrethorst wrote:
         | Ironically I bet ivermectin would actually be useful here.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Wrong type of worms. These are fly larva. Invermectin is
           | useful against intestinal and heartworms.
        
             | TeaBrain wrote:
             | This old study found ivermectin efficacious in treating
             | screw worm infected cattle:
             | 
             | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1751-0813
             | ....
        
               | nkurz wrote:
               | I appreciate the attempt to ground the discussion in
               | research, but as MillironX pointed out elsewhere,
               | ivermectin turns out to be less effective on Cochliomyia
               | hominivorax (which the article is about) than on
               | Chrysomya bezziana (which the paper you cited is about).
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | It is, but there is no "silver bullet" for idiocy, as you can
           | see.
        
             | alganet wrote:
             | There is: stop measuring intelligence.
        
               | mlinhares wrote:
               | We're getting there. Soon numbers and statistics will be
               | meaningless.
        
               | alganet wrote:
               | I don't understand what you mean by that.
               | 
               | What I'm saying is that intelligence is impossible to
               | measure.
        
       | andsoitis wrote:
       | _" Now, after being eradicated from the US since the early 1980s
       | and largely forgotten, top veterinarians expect the screwworm
       | could be back as soon as the summer. More than 950 cases have
       | been reported in Mexico so far this year, including one within
       | miles of a livestock checkpoint in Chiapas. A resurgence in the
       | US would have devastating consequences for farm animals and
       | wildlife"_
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | I was surprised to learn recently that we import a LOT of
         | cattle. It's the reason many other countries will not take US
         | beef, because the provenance of our beef isn't as precise as it
         | needs to be, for those foreign consumer laws.
        
           | ujkhsjkdhf234 wrote:
           | This is true of a lot of our food. Trump, now and in 2016,
           | has been trying to force the UK to buy US chicken and the
           | Brits are NOT having it because US food standards are below
           | that of the UK.
        
           | chneu wrote:
           | We also treat our cows with antibiotics that a lot of
           | countries ban. A lot of our meat is also treated with
           | chemicals that other countries ban.
           | 
           | It's why Europe won't import a lot of US beef.
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | Ivermectin kills screwworm. We've been using ivermectin regularly
       | for years on Texas cattle. And there are other ways to deal with
       | screwworm as the article states. Let the farmers and the
       | appropriate agencies deal with it.
       | 
       | Should you get screwworm see a doctor. If you can't afford a
       | doctor or are an illegal alien and have screwworm then go to a
       | local Texas _rancho_ and help apply ivermectin to their cattle.
       | They will appreciate the help and you 'll get enough slathered on
       | you to last a year.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | How will you treat the wild animal population?
         | 
         | Or are you assuming that just treating livestock will solve the
         | problem?
        
           | RecycledEle wrote:
           | Lots of things hurt cattle, but they do not threaten our
           | domestic beef supply. They are just things for farmers and
           | ranchers to deal with.
           | 
           | Think of it this way: Leaving lug nuts loose in new cars does
           | not threaten our nation's auto supply.
        
             | cyberge99 wrote:
             | Sure it does if you loosen enough of them to create
             | hysteria.
        
               | giardini wrote:
               | Spoken like a true saboteur.
               | 
               | But how many lug nuts must you loosen to create
               | _hysteria_?
               | 
               | And why do I have the peculiar feeling that you've never
               | held a lug wrench in your hands?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | 15. Assuming 5 per wheel and applying the proverb of
               | "three men make a tiger"*, they just have to be the new
               | cars of three famous people who are likely to get in the
               | news for a wheel falling off.
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_men_make_a_tiger
        
           | RecycledEle wrote:
           | You can set out free (medicated) food for the wildlife. That
           | will treat the vast majority of them.
        
             | janice1999 wrote:
             | That might work for once-off vaccinations of precisely
             | targeted animals in densely populated areas but not
             | delivering periodic high doses of medication to treat
             | parasites to animals across 100s of millions of acres.
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | Loughla says: " _How will you treat the wild animal
           | population?_ "
           | 
           | Hunt 'em and eat 'em, yummm! If you're tough enough, as I do
           | not doubt, you can eat the screwworms too, once cooked!8-))
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | (Which is why it worked in that region of the country against
         | covid
         | 
         | Human hosts already had the worms too
         | 
         | and it still killed the worms, allowing their own immune system
         | to function correctly again)
        
       | accrual wrote:
       | This topic always leads me back to reading about the Darien Gap
       | [0]. When eradication was working successfully, they had managed
       | to push the screwworm population all the way back to the Gap and
       | keep it out of major population/agriculture areas. There were (or
       | are) yearly efforts to perform the sterile insect technique [1].
       | Expensive to perform, but worth it for all the damage they'd
       | otherwise cause if left unchecked.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari%C3%A9n_Gap
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_insect_technique
        
         | beached_whale wrote:
         | Not expensive at all. 10s of millions of dollars a year is my
         | understanding.
        
           | bglazer wrote:
           | $200 million in total, approximately the cost of two (2) F35B
           | fighter jets
           | 
           | https://cr.usembassy.gov/sections-offices/aphis/screwworm-
           | pr...
        
             | janice1999 wrote:
             | Arstechnica reports it "is estimated to have saved US
             | farmers $900 million every year." Not sure where they
             | source the number from.
             | 
             | https://arstechnica.com/health/2025/05/screwworms-are-
             | coming...
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | I had confused botflies for screw worms, but they are
         | different.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botfly
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochliomyia
        
       | labster wrote:
       | Oh well, we can just import beef with our renowned free trade
       | policies.
        
       | throwup238 wrote:
       | This is why a competent and well staffed bureaucracy is so
       | important. Screwworm is really easy to eliminate by flooding
       | their population with males sterilized by radiation (females only
       | mate once in their lifetime so their population falls off _fast_
       | ). There are factories in Latin America already set up to do so
       | at large scale, all it would take is a contract with the USDA to
       | guarantee enough supply for the states.
       | 
       | Edit: Hah, I get to eat my words. Turns out USDA and APHIS have
       | been trying to fly planes over Mexico to release the sterile
       | flies, but the Mexican government has been restricting the flight
       | days and denying landing permission, which has hampered the
       | program. Looks like the Mexican bureaucracy is the one failing
       | here, and USDA/APHIS might be running pre-emptive releases in the
       | US (but I can't find a source on that). They just agreed to lift
       | those restrictions and cooperate more at the end of April.
        
         | andsoitis wrote:
         | > There are factories in Latin America already set up to do so
         | at large scale, all it would take is a contract with the USDA
         | to guarantee enough supply for the states.
         | 
         | According to the article the cases are in Mexico, so I don't
         | know that "Latin American origin" is a silver bullet.
        
           | slicktux wrote:
           | Mexico is just a small portion of Latin America; A few places
           | I can think of is Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil which have
           | huge stockyards...
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | Why wouldn't the USDA pay to eliminate pests in another
           | country if it meant preventing those pests from reaching US
           | farmers?
        
             | creato wrote:
             | They did exactly that for decades.
        
             | dessimus wrote:
             | > Why wouldn't the USDA pay...
             | 
             | Maybe because there is an executive body hell-bent on the
             | slashing expenditures regardless of any perceived benefit?
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Perhaps their supporters should reconsider the burn-the-
               | world-despite-who-it-hurts philosophy.
        
             | ikiris wrote:
             | Doge probably saw it as anti male propoganda. THEYRE
             | STERALIZIN OUR FLIES
        
         | krunck wrote:
         | > This is why a competent and well staffed bureaucracy is so
         | important.
         | 
         | Try: "This is why a competent and well staffed science
         | institute is so important."
         | 
         | Bureaucracy not required.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | Who exactly do you think staffs this part of a science
           | institute? Bureaucracy is just another word for the kind of
           | well-staffed administrative system that can handle these
           | tasks.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | the administrative parts - managers and approvers, aren't
             | doing the science or the application thereof.
             | 
             | a couple university students in a van going around
             | releasing flies every 10 miles is not a bureaucracy, nor a
             | stand in for a bureaucracy
        
               | ryandamm wrote:
               | You think that would be sufficient? Did you read the
               | article?
               | 
               | I did, and I have previously read an article in (iirc)
               | The Atlantic about the screwfly program when it was
               | working. It was a monumental effort to push screwflies
               | back to the Darien Gap, involving widespread coordination
               | of cattle ranchers and government workers, constant
               | flyovers of planes dropping huge numbers of sterile
               | flies, and a massive breeding program.
               | 
               | Two university students in a van can get about as much
               | done as it sounds like. Some problems require
               | coordination, government involvement, and yes, the
               | organization -- i.e., bureaucracy -- that implies.
               | 
               | (Edit: it was The Atlantic, not The New Yorker. Comment
               | further down has the link, but here it is: https://www.th
               | eatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/flesh-ea...)
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | I think a lot of the objections here aren't really
             | bureaucracy in terms of government employees doing things.
             | A lot of what people mean when they complain about
             | "government bureaucracy" is really that it often seems to
             | be 20 people taking 6 months to do something that should
             | take 5 people 6 weeks. So discussions on this tend to get
             | confusing.
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | > it often seems to be 20 people taking 6 months to do
               | something that should take 5 people 6 weeks
               | 
               | Sounds just like "enterprise" IT to me, tbh.
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | Leadership can reform enterprise IT, sometimes including
               | staffing cuts while also improving productivity. I have
               | personally seen this happen. It _can_ actually get
               | better.
               | 
               | This is why some people are optimistic about recent
               | efforts at doing the same in government bureaucracy. It's
               | possible to trend upwards.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | Regular people (including me) think the same thing about
               | why software projects take so long. In fact I consider
               | engineering to be a form of bureaucracy. And I've had
               | long conversations about it with friends who are
               | developers, but it's still hard for an outsider to fully
               | grasp why it's so hard. In turn, they can't understand
               | why my job can't be replaced by AI.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | The reason bureaucracies seem efficient is that they must
               | be able to (1) complete the mission reliably over long
               | periods of time, in the face of (2) staff churn and loss,
               | without (3) collapsing the first time a critical mass of
               | experts leaves the org. This means you have to sacrifice
               | systems that rely on the enthusiasm of "10x experts" in
               | favor of systems that can reliably recruit talent (at GS
               | salaries.) And this is before you get to the mountains of
               | political crap placed on an org by elected leaders.
               | 
               | It is incredibly challenging to create orgs that reliably
               | stay on-mission over many years.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Companies manage to handle all 3 of those things without
               | the inefficiently (or at least a lot less of it).
               | 
               | As for the terrible salaries and mountains of political
               | crap, that's the real issue here. But these are
               | changeable and shouldn't just be accepted as inevitable
               | as is so often done by defenders of government
               | bureaucracy.
        
           | danso wrote:
           | How is a bureaucracy not required when the solution involves
           | coordinated multinational logistics to produce and distribute
           | hundreds of millions of flies?
        
             | johnisgood wrote:
             | Yeah because bureaucracy (in its original term) is
             | efficient at that. /s
             | 
             | Wait a couple of years, and then maybe.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | This is surreal. The evil bureaucracy has successfully
               | been doing it since the 1960s. It worked. And yes, it was
               | efficient.
               | 
               | Now, the problem is that if you alienate your neighbours
               | they stop wanting to play nice. Also, bureaucracies do
               | not work when you fire civil servants indiscriminately.
               | It's not the bureaucracy doing this, it's the guy who
               | told you that the country would work better without it.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | The science is done. We know how to deal with this insect,
           | the American government successfully eradicated it from North
           | America ~25 years ago. Now it's only logistics and diplomacy.
        
         | stevenwoo wrote:
         | It was partially the new tariffs that put a stop to the program
         | and the April 30 agreement puts an end to tariffs on equipment
         | associated with screwworm treatment program.
        
         | jimnotgym wrote:
         | Good job the US is on such good terms with Latin America at the
         | moment
        
         | drivingmenuts wrote:
         | That competent and well-staffed bureaucracy is important also
         | because they patiently work through these problems with their
         | counterparts on the other side of the the Rio Grande.
         | 
         | Except they got fired, so now there's no one to do that work.
         | We got what we wanted. God help us all 'cause no one else is.
        
       | snowwrestler wrote:
       | More on the screwworm barrier and how it was established. This is
       | one of my favorite "magazine style" feature stories.
       | 
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/flesh-ea...
        
         | jauntywundrkind wrote:
         | Salon had a lovely article last week, on how deteriorating
         | relationships between US and Mexico is threatening the
         | effective work the US had been doing of creating and spreading
         | sterile male flies that have successfully stopped the Screwworm
         | invasion. https://www.salon.com/2025/04/28/we-once-rid-the-us-
         | of-this-...
        
           | canucker2016 wrote:
           | Ars has an article on screwworms - 1 guess as to the writer.
           | 
           | see https://arstechnica.com/health/2025/05/screwworms-are-
           | coming...
           | 
           | The last word of the article has a link to a video with very
           | unsettling imagery involving screwworms.
        
       | unfitted2545 wrote:
       | good day to be a vegan.
        
         | vips7L wrote:
         | It's always a good day to not participate in the cruelty and
         | evil that is animal farming.
        
           | timschmidt wrote:
           | There's a big difference between https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
           | i/Concentrated_animal_feeding_op... and traditional family
           | farms. In a traditional family farm, animals can live happy
           | and relatively full lives while offsetting a tremendous
           | amount of petroleum products in the form of fuel,
           | insecticide, herbicide, fertilizer, equipment, etc.
        
             | vips7L wrote:
             | Whatever lets you sleep at night my friend.
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | You ever watch a plant filmed in time lapse? They're
               | active just like animals. They feel and communicate and
               | are our relatives just the same. Everything on this
               | planet eats a living cousin, save for the photo and
               | chemosynthesizers. Such is life. I sleep just fine. The
               | backyard garden is fruitful. The chimkins are happy and
               | laying eggs. Thankful for the opportunity to enjoy it!
        
             | aziaziazi wrote:
             | > traditional family farms.
             | 
             | > relatively full lives
             | 
             | Thanks to point out the difference between industrial and
             | family farm. However I'm not sure what farms in particular
             | you have in mind but anything commercial has non incentive
             | to let the animal live a "relatively full life": the meat
             | of a relatively old animal taste far from what people are
             | used to eat and is (way) more expensive to produce. Some
             | producers add a few weeks to the legal minimum to let them
             | grow a bit more but nothing near their natural expectancy.
             | Lets take chickens for exemple, here in EU:
             | 
             | - standard are harvest 35 days (32 if for export)
             | 
             | - certified (floor, outdoor) at 56 days
             | 
             | - highest quality (Bio and local certifications): 81 day
             | 
             | - egg poultry final harvest: around 1 year and half when
             | egg production slow down
             | 
             | - natural life expectancy of a chicken: 8-10 years.
             | 
             | > can live happy
             | 
             | "happier" would be more accurate IMHO but as some people
             | point our frequently: we can't know for sure how another
             | animal feels so it's only guess. What we can do is remove
             | the farm fences and do not force them onto the slaughter
             | house. They'll choose themselves to go to what makes them
             | happy.
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | I come from Mennonites. Plenty of animals on the farm are
               | allowed to live full lives. Anything doing any kind of
               | work can be, which all animals on the farm are capable
               | of. Milk and eggs don't require culling. Even layers past
               | their prime will still eat pests and scratch manure into
               | the soil and teach the young to do same.
               | 
               | Joel Salatin practices the sort of farming I'm familiar
               | with: https://www.youtube.com/@farmlikealunatic
               | 
               | This is what happy chickens look like:
               | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/VHvDEzpD5es
               | 
               | and happy pigs:
               | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/B6qk0IbCC5U
               | 
               | The figures you quote are not for heritage breeds. They
               | are for breeds which have been selected for extremely
               | rapid growth, often to the detriment of the health of the
               | animal (and presumably the person consuming them).
               | 
               | > the meat of a relatively old animal taste far from what
               | people are used to eat and is (way) more expensive to
               | produce
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coq_au_vin has been the
               | definition of a peasant dish for a century or two at
               | least.
               | 
               | > but as some people point our frequently: we can't know
               | for sure how another animal feels so it's only guess.
               | 
               | Anyone who's spent time with animals knows. As surely as
               | you know if your dog is happy. People are the ones who
               | hide their feelings.
        
             | chneu wrote:
             | No there isn't. This is just stuff y'all tell yourselves to
             | make ya feel better about your cruelty and over
             | consumption.
        
       | reverendsteveii wrote:
       | It's a great day to be heavily punishing imports!
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | Heavily punishing _your own citizens_ for buying imported goods
         | in a highly-integrated global economy.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | With this and bird flu and inflation, it wouldn't hurt people to
       | learn to eat less meat throughout the week. A day or two
       | vegetarian so if any of these things escalate at least you have a
       | feel for it -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
       | danso wrote:
       | Tangential aside but what does this mean:
       | 
       | > _live demonstrations on how to handle cattle to reduce
       | stress.(Every cow pie released by a stressed-out cow before it
       | gets weighed by meat processers amounts to $6 in lost profit.)_
        
         | unsnap_biceps wrote:
         | Ranchers get paid a flat per pound price for whole animals.
         | When they take a shit, their total weight goes down and thus
         | the ranchers lose the flat per pound price for that pile of
         | shit, which evidently is about $6.
        
       | scandox wrote:
       | I first learned about these delightful creatures after reading
       | The Screwfly Solution by Alice Sheldon:
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Screwfly_Solution
        
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       (page generated 2025-05-03 23:00 UTC)