[HN Gopher] Old Soviet Venus descent craft nearing Earth reentry
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       Old Soviet Venus descent craft nearing Earth reentry
        
       Author : Wingman4l7
       Score  : 392 points
       Date   : 2025-05-02 19:02 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.leonarddavid.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.leonarddavid.com)
        
       | quercusa wrote:
       | Those of a certain age will remember this as the premise of the
       | Six Million Dollar Man episode _Death Probe_ (S4E13).
        
         | donnachangstein wrote:
         | They would also remember there is a man with a cape in a phone
         | booth that could be called upon to stop this thing.
        
           | greggsy wrote:
           | No, the Six Million Dollar Man stopped it
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | That's a super idea, but sadly Underdog is fictional.
        
             | gcanyon wrote:
             | "There's no need to fear! ..."
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | Raise your hand if you remember phone booths.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | Can't. My back hurts.
        
             | bunderbunder wrote:
             | I was in one a few weeks ago.
        
             | alabastervlog wrote:
             | It's been so long since those could reliably be found, that
             | even the 1978 Superman movie has a gag about it (Clark
             | steps up to one of those stand-style payphones, briefly
             | looks befuddled, then runs into door turnstile instead,
             | super-speed changing while it spins)
        
             | RetroTechie wrote:
             | Bonus points if you've used those equipped with a rotary
             | dial.
        
             | AStonesThrow wrote:
             | The other week, I was dining at the Old Spaghetti Factory,
             | and their lobby is impressive for classic furniture and
             | cool stuff on display, including a Donkey Kong and a
             | (nominally) Ms. Pac-Man cabinet, and some "Fragadas
             | Espanolas" models.
             | 
             | There was also a _bona fide_ telephone booth in there, in
             | wood and glass, and I absolutely went nuts, actually
             | needing to place a phone call. But I couldn 't quite figure
             | out whether it would open and admit me, or if customers
             | were supposed to be fiddling with it at all, or whether it
             | was only a showpiece. So that exploration will wait until
             | the next time I drop by.
        
       | potato3732842 wrote:
       | It would be pretty stereotypically Soviet to create a parachute
       | system that only mostly (some of the Venera probes kinda crashed)
       | works in the intended use case (short 1-way trip to Venus) but
       | also somehow manages to work once way, way, way outside of its
       | intended operating environment (50yr orbiting earth).
        
         | 0x000xca0xfe wrote:
         | To be fair Venus' atmosphere is pretty much hell.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | Higher up the Venusian atmosphere is surprisingly earth-like.
           | Interestingly though, once a probe gets deep enough into the
           | atmosphere a parachute becomes unnecessary because the
           | atmosphere has gotten so thick that a probe can simply soft-
           | land.
        
         | varjag wrote:
         | Parachute deployment was possibly gasodynamic rather than
         | electronically controlled. In which case there's a broad
         | similarity on reentry in Earth atmosphere which could trigger
         | the release.
        
           | orbital-decay wrote:
           | Sounds unlikely, but it could have malfunctioned. I believe
           | the deceleration chute was designed to deploy after the hot
           | entry phase and be triggered mechanically once crossing the
           | certain deceleration threshold of about 2g (I could be wrong
           | though, take it with a huge grain of salt). It also worked as
           | a pilot chute for the cap protecting the main one.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | In my experience, in soviet engineering they don't augment
         | stuff unless absolutely necessary. As a result, stuff tend to
         | work as long as the physics work. It results in relatively
         | crude but simple and reliable machines. The elegance comes from
         | simplicity, in western tech the elegance comes from being well
         | thought and designed for specific use cases. I.e. a Lada will
         | be uncomfortable, loud, uneconomical car but at the same time
         | it will withstand abuse and be easy to repair enough to get it
         | going.
         | 
         | Thinking about the elevator in our commie block, it would have
         | given a heart attack to a western European. Instead of having
         | double doors to keep us safe from the moving wall, it had pads
         | on the bottom and top edge so if your hand or leg is stuck, the
         | pad will be pushed and the elevator will stop immediately. Also
         | there was a tiny cabinet door on the right side so you can
         | access the mechanism to force open the door or force move/halt
         | the elevator. As kids, we would be experimenting with those
         | mechanisms. They worked every single time, no legs or arms were
         | lost.
        
           | throwewey wrote:
           | A Lada is actually an Italian car built under license.
           | 
           | Neah, paternoster is quite a common elevator design in the
           | west: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lift
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Depends on the model. It's Lada Niva that is legendary.
        
               | throwewey wrote:
               | How could I forget! Many apologies.
        
               | fipar wrote:
               | I often see one parked in my area (in Uruguay) with a
               | sticker that says "Land Rover recovery vehicle"
        
             | 725686 wrote:
             | "The name paternoster ("Our Father", the first two words of
             | the Lord's Prayer in Latin) was originally applied to the
             | device because the elevator is in the form of a loop and is
             | thus similar to rosary beads used as an aid in reciting
             | prayers."
             | 
             | I would have thought the name was related to the users
             | praying before entering to increase their chances of
             | surviving the ordeal.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Although this mechanism _looks_ scary it 's actually
               | fine.
               | 
               | The reason even its proponents accept you wouldn't build
               | these now is that they have terrible accessibility, so
               | they're only practical as an extra option.
        
               | em-bee wrote:
               | despite that, it looks like the reason no new
               | paternosters are built and existing ones are removed is
               | safety. unfortunately this is considered to be more
               | important than cultural heritage protection.
               | 
               | i have used one at the university of vienna. sadly it was
               | removed almost 20 years ago.
        
               | JoeCortopassi wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lift#Safety
               | 
               |  _Their overall rate of accidents is estimated as 30
               | times higher than conventional elevators_
               | 
               |  _Germany saw an average of one death per year due to
               | paternosters_
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Huh, that's much higher than I expected, thanks.
        
               | DrSAR wrote:
               | We used to love riding in them at our university in the
               | late 80s/90s. And when you proceed to ride over the top
               | will the car flip upside down? We managed to scare at
               | least one of our classmates into believe this could
               | happen. The whole thing felt as exciting as a carnival
               | ride in retrospect ...
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | Calling paternosters 'common' in the West is quite a
             | stretch. They are a curiosity where they are found
             | precisely because there are so few.
        
               | zabzonk wrote:
               | Only place I've ever come across one was Napier College,
               | Edinburgh in the mid 1970s. I found it quite scary, and
               | actually preferred to take the stairs. I seem to remember
               | it was actually shut down, for undisclosed reasons.
        
               | ggm wrote:
               | I also used these ones in Edinburgh decades ago, and the
               | same model at Leeds uni which was a similar vintage. The
               | Napier one there is a story about a lecturer convincing
               | two students it went upside down and if you tried to loop
               | the loop you had to stand on your hands to do the
               | transition... much hilarity when they appear upside down
               | on the other side.
        
               | DrSAR wrote:
               | we discovered the same joke independently in Germany.
               | loved it.
        
               | jtwaleson wrote:
               | For some reason I looked into this a couple of weeks ago,
               | and discovered there's one in Amsterdam pretty close to
               | where I often work, in the Grand Hotel Amrath. It's
               | supposedly open to the public every Sunday between 10am
               | and 2pm. I think it's only the second time I've seen one
               | in person, and the previous one has been demolished.
        
             | banku_brougham wrote:
             | Have a look up on the Russian town called Togliati
        
             | necovek wrote:
             | Does not sound like they talked about the paternoster lift
             | though: they did bring up doors and implied lift stopping
             | in stations.
        
           | JohnMakin wrote:
           | I had the pleasure of working closely with a Russian engineer
           | on a team once and had to "massage" his stuff quite often
           | into a state that would be deemed acceptable to leadership.
           | It looked terrible, hacked together, haphazard - but it
           | literally never broke. It's been the better part of a decade
           | now but I wouldnt be surprised if his stuff outlived mine.
        
             | nasretdinov wrote:
             | I've once built a distributed scheduler to run PHP jobs
             | over a cluster of several thousand machines, before
             | Kubernetes was a thing. It's only a few thousand lines of
             | code and perfectly matches the description of being
             | terrible, hacked together, etc. It also rarely broke and
             | the company still uses it to this day, 10 years later, with
             | almost no adjustments. My ex-colleagues are also saying
             | that wherever they go they miss that framework (even though
             | it's technically open source). And yes, I'm Russian :).
        
           | wileydragonfly wrote:
           | My elevator has double doors, but some of them were installed
           | with too large of a gap between doors that a child can get
           | trapped. The solution is to bolt plastic bumpers to the back
           | of the outer door. Which, hey. Works.
        
       | em-bee wrote:
       | when i first heard about this probe last week i was wondering,
       | isn't this thing old and unique enough to warrant a mission to
       | rescue and preserve it? combined with todays lower prices for a
       | space flight, it might just be worth it.
       | 
       | and now it looks like it might just survive anyways. but then
       | according to the article there also seems to be a second
       | (identical?) model. so maybe it's not that important, except for
       | maybe material analysis what does 50 years of exposure to space
       | do to the material.
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | In principle this is not science fiction, Space Shuttle
         | captured a satellite, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-49,
         | they just didn't return it back. It was a catch, fix, and
         | release.
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | They did that when they fixed the Hubble telescope too. Five
           | times.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope#Servi.
           | ..
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | How many satellites have the USAF and US Space Command
           | captured ? Inquring minds want to know.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | They do run their own unmanned shuttle based platform
             | spacecraft but full capabilities aren't public.
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | The space shuttle also captured and returned the long
           | duration exposure facility satellite, a materials test bus
           | for future missions. Extremely uneconomical, however.
        
           | mk_stjames wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-A brought two satellites
           | back in the cargo bay that had not reached their proper orbit
           | on a prior launch.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-32 brought back the Long
           | Duration Exposure Facility experiment, a bigass science probe
           | the size of a small school bus.
           | 
           | There are still missions that are classified that could have
           | done so as well.
           | 
           | It was something the shuttle was designed to do, with the
           | 60-foot cargo bay requirement and the ability to bring back
           | the mass it flew with coming specifically from the military.
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | > STS-51-A marked the first time a shuttle deployed two
             | communications satellites, and retrieved from orbit two
             | other communications satellites
             | 
             | That's very interesting. First time I heard about it.
             | Thanks for the reference!
        
             | alnwlsn wrote:
             | I've heard that one of the things they wanted the shuttle
             | to do was launch, capture a spacecraft in polar orbit, and
             | land at the launch site _within a single orbit_. Some say
             | it was so they could secretly grab a Soviet satellite right
             | out of the sky when it was out of range of Russia, but I 'm
             | not sure how you would secure something like that in the
             | payload bay.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > I'm not sure how you would secure something like that
               | in the payload bay.
               | 
               | Tighten down some ratchet straps, wiggle it a bit and
               | say, 'that'll hold it'
        
               | ahazred8ta wrote:
               | That's an urban legend. There were never any plans to
               | capture a satellite in a single orbit. It was supposed to
               | be capable of making an emergency landing after one
               | orbit, but not while releasing or capturing a satellite.
               | The 1950s Air Force X-20 Dyna-Soar was intended to launch
               | a recon satellite and land in one orbit, but not recover
               | a foreign satellite in one orbit.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Is Catch Fix Release like Trap Neuter Return? Did they snip
           | its ear tip for identification?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap%E2%80%93neuter%E2%80%93re.
           | ..
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | > Is Catch Fix Release like Trap Neuter Return?
             | 
             | And Soviets were wondering why their satellite numbers were
             | not growing...
        
         | MetallicDragon wrote:
         | I don't think we have any active craft capable of recovering
         | it. The space shuttle probably could have done it, but with a
         | cost of about $1.5b per launch, there is no way that would be
         | worth it.
         | 
         | SpaceX's Dragon 2 easily has enough cargo capacity to bring it
         | down (~3 tons vs 0.5 ton), but there's still the question of
         | intercepting, capturing, and securing it in Dragon's cargo bay.
         | That would still cost something north of $100m to recover the
         | lander.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | Most of the benefit of the Shuttle program, and manned
           | spaceflight in general, has come from R and D on the launch
           | process, or from the prestige and bragging rights of being
           | able to launch humans into space. So once they're up there,
           | you're getting your money's worth (or not) no matter what
           | they do, you may as well do something cool like recover a
           | historic satellite.
        
             | pirate787 wrote:
             | The Shuttle program was a disaster that consumed NASA's
             | budget and set back manned space flight by a generation.
        
           | olex wrote:
           | Dragon likely wouldn't be able to get it, unfortunately.
           | 
           | The lander would easily fit into the unpressurized cargo bay
           | (the "trunk"), that is typically used to launch various
           | vacuum-bound payloads alongside pressurized cargo inside the
           | capsule. However, for a return from orbit, the trunk cannot
           | be used - it is not protected by a heat shield, and is
           | ejected before re-entry.
           | 
           | You are correct that the return payload mass of a Dragon
           | would technically allow it. But you'd need to somehow get the
           | captured object _inside_ the capsule, which may be possible
           | via the EVA front hatch for something smaller, but not 1m in
           | diameter like the Venera lander.
           | 
           | Starship should be able to do it, since it is fully protected
           | by heat shielding and returns in one piece, not ejecting any
           | modules in orbit. But that's quite a while from being
           | operational yet.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | No, the Space Shuttle could not have done it. It had nowhere
           | near the DV that would have been necessary for an intercept
           | and capture. The OMS had only a tiny fuel supply. We're
           | talking about orders of magnitude difference here.
        
             | perihelions wrote:
             | Should have been possible with a dedicated launch. This
             | thing's current orbit is on the same* inclination as the
             | ISS, and at lower altitude.
             | 
             | *(They're both at exactly the minimum inclination, 51deg,
             | achievable by a Soviet launch from Baikonur).
        
             | dingaling wrote:
             | Intercept and capture was one of the functional purposes of
             | the shuttle. It was intended to refuel KH-12 recce sats.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Only for a very limited set of orbital parameters.
        
         | bunderbunder wrote:
         | I would guess that the most expensive part of such an endeavor
         | wouldn't be the launch; it would be developing and building a
         | spacecraft capable of capturing it and bringing it back.
         | 
         | Even the Space Shuttle wasn't necessarily a perfect fit for the
         | job as-is. Hubble was serviced many times, but it was
         | specifically designed for on-orbit capture and servicing by the
         | Shuttle. Before they decommissioned the shuttle they actually
         | had to install an extra piece of hardware to make it feasible
         | to capture and de-orbit using future non-crewed spacecraft. And
         | even then that's just to make sure it crashes in a safe place,
         | not to bring it home intact.
         | 
         | There was also a mission to service a satellite that wasn't
         | designed for the purpose, and they had a really hard time
         | capturing it and very nearly had to give up after days' worth
         | of failed attempts. It finally took simultaneous EVA by three
         | astronauts to coordinate a successful capture (one to grab it
         | by hand, two to get it onto a specialized adapter rig built
         | just for that satellite so that the Canadarm could hold it),
         | which is quite a thing considering that the Shuttle's only
         | designed to allow two people on EVA at a time.
         | 
         | This craft is likely tumbling, which I presume would make it
         | unacceptably dangerous for a crewed mission (and certainly
         | rules out anyone just going out there and grabbing it with
         | their hands), in addition to making successful capture that
         | much more difficult.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | Wouldn't it be possible to "simply" match it's tumble?
        
             | stevage wrote:
             | That sounds absolutely terrifying for the astronaut.
             | Imagine the whole universe spinning past you every second.
             | Not to mention the forces.
        
             | throw_a_grenade wrote:
             | No, when it tumbles, it does it around its centre of mass.
             | You'd have to get a craft that has empty area inside.
             | 
             | If you know Elite, it has space stations where you dock by
             | going inside, while matching station's rotation. That's
             | only in one axis (and note the hangar goes through the axis
             | of rotation, i.e. centre of mass). To add rotation around
             | another axis would make the task impossible.
        
               | Zardoz84 wrote:
               | like that station that is in orbit around a pulsar star
               | and destroys anything trying to take off from it ?
        
             | paul80808 wrote:
             | Only if it is only spinning along one axis. Very likely to
             | be spinning on multiple axis. That said, with enough money
             | and effort I'm sure we could figure something out, like
             | shooting it strategically with small projectiles to slow
             | the spin, etc.
        
               | LegionMammal978 wrote:
               | Unless acted on by an external force, all rigid objects
               | only rotate about a single axis, do they not? That axis
               | just might not be aligned with any useful parts you'd
               | want to grab on to.
        
               | Ancapistani wrote:
               | You might enjoy this, if you haven't seen it:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1n-HMSCDYtM
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Anything "spinning among multiple axes" is just spinning
               | around a single compound axis? There's no reason for a
               | spacecraft to limit itself to any earthbound reference
               | frame when it comes to matching frame with an incoming
               | body from outer space.
        
               | slavik81 wrote:
               | In three dimensions, the rotation around one axis can
               | affect the distribution of mass around other axes of
               | rotation. That change in the moment of intertia causes
               | acceleration, which can result in chaotic motion even
               | without the addition of any outside forces.
        
               | LegionMammal978 wrote:
               | What do you mean by "other axes of rotation"? As long as
               | the object is rigid and not acted upon by external
               | forces, its axis should never change, since both the
               | direction and magnitude of angular momentum are
               | conserved.
               | 
               | Wikipedia talks of "chaotic rotation" of astronomical
               | objects, but only over long timescales due to
               | gravitational interactions and thermal effects. On short
               | timescales, its axis shouldn't change much at all, unless
               | you bump into it and apply an off-axis torque.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | Look at the Dzhanibekov effect
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DOY21HnJII
        
               | LegionMammal978 wrote:
               | Alright, that makes more sense, the trick is that the
               | (conserved) angular momentum vector need not be parallel
               | with the angular velocity vector, the simplest example
               | being torque-free precession [0]. It doesn't help that
               | most examples of non-constant angular velocity have
               | external forces in the mix to confuse the reader.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession#Torque-
               | free_or_torq...
        
               | accrual wrote:
               | Reminds me of the tumbling T-handle. A small tool is spun
               | up in one axis, and due to some interesting physics, ends
               | up flipping over on another axis every few seconds.
               | 
               | https://rotations.berkeley.edu/a-tumbling-t-handle-in-
               | space/
        
               | alexey-salmin wrote:
               | I wonder if it's reproducible in vacuum or the air is
               | necessary to destabilize it?
        
               | darkerside wrote:
               | Does it really work this way? If the craft is rotating
               | along any other axis than its direction of travel,
               | wouldn't the matching craft have to be revolving around
               | it, not just rotating?
        
           | chiffre01 wrote:
           | Is this one of the missions where the shuttle returned a
           | satellite from orbit? There were a few:
           | 
           | https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/Shuttle-
           | related...
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | Perhaps scientists would have some particular interest in _that
         | particular hardware_ as it had been launched and flown in Earth
         | orbit, but I 'll tell ya: it's way easier to get your hands on
         | flight spare equipment; while this stuff hasn't flown, it's
         | probably a really good copy of whatever they did launch into
         | space, and way better condition.
         | 
         | When I worked "on Mars" there was a "flight spare" copy of a
         | Viking instrument which was the predecessor to the one we were
         | working on, and of course it was encased in Plexiglas as a
         | museum piece, but it was truly a redundant copy, as NASA was
         | into copying everything they sent into space, (what was the
         | saying in _Contact_?  "Why have only one, when you can buy two
         | at twice the price?") so that if anything needed to be tweaked,
         | or went wrong, they would have this copy on the ground that
         | they could experiment with to their hearts' content.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | You're quite overestimating our capabilities as a species if
         | you think that planning, developing, and launching a recovery
         | mission in a few weeks would be even _remotely_ feasible. Sure,
         | we 've known that the thing's up there all this time, so in the
         | very counterfactual scenario where we had started thinking
         | about a retrieval mission a few of years ago, and the Space
         | Shuttle was still a thing, and someone was willing to foot the
         | n-hundred-million-dollar bill, I guess? I don't think any
         | nation on Earth currently has the hardware required to
         | rendezvous with a random spacecraft in orbit _and_ bring it
         | down in one piece. The Shuttle was unique in that respect.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | Feasible for a 50yo project motivated by nostalgia? No
           | 
           | National existential crisis? They'd probably take Dragon and
           | figure out how to make it work.
        
         | Rover222 wrote:
         | This thing would be going at higher than earth orbital
         | velocity, making an in-space capture of it more or less
         | impossible.
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | Who's gonna pay for that?
        
       | ahmedfromtunis wrote:
       | Man, I wish we had the technology to just concoct a spacecraft
       | that can intercept the lander in its shallow reentry and bring it
       | back in as few pieces as possible.
       | 
       | I don't know what value can it have to be studied since it never
       | left low earth orbit (albeit it was there since 1972), but I know
       | it would be a cool addition to any museum that may host it.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | space shuttle, the air force still has one, doesn't it? also,
         | elon could whip something up.
        
           | pacificmint wrote:
           | The Air Force never had a space shuttle, though NASA flew
           | missions for the Air Force and the NRO.
           | 
           | But at this point none of the remaining shuttles are in an
           | operational state.
           | 
           | Maybe you are thinking of the X-37 which is operated by the
           | space force?
        
       | porphyra wrote:
       | It's funny/sad how a bunch of Soviet Venera probes had
       | malfunctioning camera lens caps and returned black photos. From
       | Venera 9-12 all four probes had malfunctioning lens caps. And
       | then
       | 
       | > The Venera 14 craft had the misfortune of ejecting the camera
       | lens cap directly under the surface compressibility tester arm,
       | and returned information for the compressibility of the lens cap
       | rather than the surface.
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | It's funny _now_ - imagine being the Commissar for Lens Cap
         | design in the old USSR and overseeing all that
        
           | staplung wrote:
           | Oh that Commissar was fine. It was the Commissar for Lens Cap
           | Ejection Systems on Interplanetary Probes that got thrown
           | under the avtobus.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | I heard the Commissar for Lens Cap Ejection Trajectory
             | Modeling for Venusian Planetary Environments caught the
             | brunt of the blame, but the real fault was with the
             | Commissar for Lens Cap Ejection Trajectory Modeling for
             | Venusian Atmospheric Dynamics, who got off scott free.
             | Turns out he was the general's nephew.
        
               | transcriptase wrote:
               | At the end of the day, all that matters is that someone
               | involved accidentally fell from a 5th to 12th story
               | window.
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | Falling upwards - truly a comrade of the space programme.
        
           | dluan wrote:
           | It's not limited to Soviet missions. My high school physics
           | teacher worked at JPL on the Mars Climate Orbiter in the 90s.
           | His entire NASA career was in development of it, and after 10
           | months of travel following successful launch, the thing
           | exploded in the atmosphere without ever reaching the surface
           | because the team at JPL used metric while Lockheed Martin
           | used imperial. He was so spiritually broken by the experience
           | that he quit and became a high school physics teacher. Great
           | teacher, but to have your life's work go up in smoke like
           | that is brutal.
        
             | wileydragonfly wrote:
             | Should have gone with the "martians shot it down"
             | explanation which was far cooler and less embarrassing
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I think turning the whole earth into a total war economy
               | is worth avoiding the engineering embarrassment!
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter#Cause_of
             | _...
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | _Still, NASA does not place the responsibility on
               | Lockheed for the mission loss; instead, various officials
               | at NASA have stated that NASA itself was at fault for
               | failing to make the appropriate checks and tests that
               | would have caught the discrepancy._
               | 
               |  _The discrepancy between calculated and measured
               | position, resulting in the discrepancy between desired
               | and actual orbit insertion altitude, had been noticed
               | earlier by at least two navigators, whose concerns were
               | dismissed because they "did not follow the rules about
               | filling out [the] form to document their concerns"_
               | 
               | Typical bureaucratic BS. Not surprised; what's surprising
               | is that anything works in that sort of environment.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | This was during the "Faster, Better, Cheaper" era when
               | staffing was cut and projects were being privatized and
               | had to be done for cut rate costs. This video actually
               | goes a lot into the details on what happened.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuYDkVRyMkg
               | 
               | The whole videos series of JPL and the Space Age is very
               | enjoyable to watch.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTiv_XWHnOZqFnWQs3
               | 93R...
        
               | bad_username wrote:
               | Exceptional documentary. Thanks for posting.
        
               | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
               | If you take a step back the bureaucratic bs is actually
               | that certain countries did and continue to use imperial
               | measurements and nonsensical date formats.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | The US using _Imperial_ (British) units instead of the
               | modern Metric ones it 's a bit silly. We are using powers
               | of ten daily. You just have to shift points in the scale.
        
               | Mountain_Skies wrote:
               | Similar thing happened in Georgia once busy Friday night
               | when tons of bridge railing came smashing down onto the
               | Interstate below. Given the traffic that time of day,
               | it's a miracle no one was hurt, much less killed. Almost
               | immediately the head of the DOT pleaded for the public to
               | not blame the contractor who installed the railing. While
               | it is important to do a root cause analysis, the DOT head
               | should be mostly concerned about the people who could
               | have been killed instead of the contractor. It was an
               | incredibly tone-deaf moment.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Classic sign of regulatory capture and/or corruption.
               | 
               | Did they ever figure out who was sleeping with whom/who
               | was related to whom?
        
             | VectorLock wrote:
             | The ultimate "fuck this shit- I'm out."
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Teaching high school physics will do more good for more
             | people than landing a spacecraft on Mars.
        
               | taskforcegemini wrote:
               | that's debatable
        
               | ivell wrote:
               | I think the implication is that a good teacher can
               | inspire more students to take up science and contribute
               | broadly to the field than just one person on a specific
               | field.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Pretty much. Having a working understanding of Newtonian
               | physics, electricity, and other High School physics
               | topics has real-world benefits. Landing a spacecraft on
               | Mars is a remarkable technical achievement, but makes
               | almost no difference in the life of 99.999% of people.
               | 
               | Either could inspire someone to pursue a career in
               | science, I was more thinking of just practical benefits.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | One brilliant scientist can inspire millions of children,
               | that is much more than a teacher.
        
               | sgt wrote:
               | What reality are you living in? Zero ambition?
        
               | dudeinjapan wrote:
               | My highschool physics teacher had a similar story, he was
               | one of best teachers I ever had. I went from disliking
               | physics to becoming a EE major in college. Doubt I would
               | be where I am today without him coming in at the right
               | moment in my life.
               | 
               | So, yes, a good teacher could inspire 10+ others to make
               | spacecraft, tech startups, etc. Maybe the ROI for
               | humanity is greater if that teacher stayed as an IC in
               | their field.
        
             | cbanek wrote:
             | And the classic accelerometer installed backward which
             | doomed the Genesis mission sample return, although some
             | bits were successfully recovered, the parachute never
             | deployed.
        
               | dudeinjapan wrote:
               | Elsewhere in this thread someone was asking about the
               | difference between acceleration and deceleration. Well,
               | this is a good example!
        
               | cbanek wrote:
               | The difference is just a minus sign!
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | _" ...the thing exploded in the atmosphere without ever
             | reaching the surface because the team at JPL used metric
             | while Lockheed Martin used imperial."_
             | 
             | I've just read the Wiki on the Mars Climate Orbiter and it
             | explains the disastrous implications of that mistake.
             | What's tragic about such errors is that the US keeps
             | repeating them, Hubble was another very expensive
             | Imperial/Metric fuck-up even though it was recoverable.
             | 
             | I've often had debates with Americans about Imperial versus
             | Metric when I was in the US and their retort is usually
             | along the lines _" why should we give up God's own units
             | for that nasty French stuff?"_ or words to that effect.
             | 
             | They gave other specious arguments too, such as cost of new
             | tooling would be prohibitive. That's rubbish+ of course
             | (certainly in the grand schema of things as the long-term
             | benefits far outweigh initial costs).
             | 
             | Well, anyway, by the looks of it God is on the side of the
             | French!
             | 
             | What many of us outside the US find odd and can't figure
             | out is that in its early days the American Republic was
             | hand-in-glove with the French against that horrible
             | Imperial island, so why did it reject the French system?
             | 
             | Yes, I know of the early attempt at metricization and the
             | loss of weights and measures at sea whilst in transit from
             | France to the US but given its impact that's pretty paltry
             | excuse.
             | 
             | It really is time you guys caught up with the rest of the
             | world. Surely, it's getting a bit too expensive to continue
             | to lose spacecraft to whims of measurement.
             | 
             | __
             | 
             |  _+ Check how well Australia 's metric conversion went some
             | 50 years ago. It's a textbook example of how to go about it
             | correctly. I know, I live there--we fuck things up more
             | often than not but this one we got AOK right. If you ask
             | kids at school today what various Imperial units are they'd
             | likely say they've never heard of them._
        
               | blincoln wrote:
               | I'm American, and I fully support moving to the metric
               | system. But it's a tough sell for most people.
               | 
               | If someone is an adult, it's a bunch of new information
               | to learn, and unless they work in a field that involves
               | measurements and math, it probably won't be an obvious
               | net positive for them.
               | 
               | The biggest benefit IMO is for future generations, who
               | wouldn't grow up having to memorize conversion factors
               | for a bunch of ancient legacy units (feet per mile,
               | teaspoons per cup, etc.) as well as having to do the
               | conversions when working with people from outside the US.
               | 
               | I'd greatly appreciate it as someone who does a lot of
               | hobby work in various fields, because metric measurements
               | are something I can use across all of them. But the
               | impression I've gotten is that professionals in a single
               | field are so used to working with whichever specific
               | imperial units are relevant to them that it would be a
               | wash. And since they'd have to redevelop all of that
               | intuitive knowledge for the metric equivalent, they see
               | it as a net negative.
        
           | drob518 wrote:
           | Sergei is, sadly, ahem, no longer with us.
        
           | smallnix wrote:
           | Jest aside, do we know how such failure was handled in the
           | USSR?
        
             | kerkeslager wrote:
             | This is a question I've tried to answer to myself, and I
             | think it's actually pretty hard to tell, if all your
             | sources are Western media. I'll give you my impressions but
             | I'm by no means an expert.
             | 
             | I tend to reject any narrative about the Soviets which
             | makes them not sound like humans. They weren't all idiots
             | or sociopaths: they understood, just like we do, that
             | people make mistakes and that if you punish mistakes too
             | harshly, people won't want to risk working with you. The
             | Soviet government punished _dissent_ harshly--but if you
             | were working with them they weren 't typically so foolish
             | as to punish honest mistakes with a stay in the gulags. In
             | fact, technical fields like their space program (and, for
             | example, infrastructure programs) were safe havens for
             | intelligentsia, where some criticism of government was
             | tolerated because it was understood that criticism from
             | people with technical knowhow was necessary to progress
             | Soviet goals.
             | 
             | There are exceptions I've found, but I tend to think those
             | are the result of a few people with too much power making
             | bad decisions, rather than a pervasive cultural norm.
             | 
             | None of this should be perceived as a defense of Soviet
             | totalitarianism. Stalin has the highest body count of any
             | dictator by a wide margin, and that's totally
             | reprehensible. All I'm saying is I think he killed
             | political dissenters, mostly, not allies who made mistakes.
        
               | Scramblejams wrote:
               | Since you brought him up: Stalin was also motivated by a
               | truckload of paranoia, though, right? Hard to make
               | rational decisions about who is dissenting if you think
               | they're all out to get you. The flimsiest accusations
               | related by the least reliable people could be enough.
               | 
               | He executed and imprisoned a bunch of his best aircraft
               | designers. Look what he did to Andrei Tupolev and his
               | design bureau; they designed a whole aircraft in the
               | Gulag: https://vvsairwar.com/2016/10/20/aviation-design-
               | in-the-gula...
        
               | anonymars wrote:
               | A classic feature of authoritarian governments: when
               | their dumb plans fail, it's because of enemies of the
               | state. Bonus points when the enemies of the state are the
               | ones that warned of the negative effects that would
               | happen (obviously they must have been saboteurs)
        
               | TiredOfLife wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharashka
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | In general I think the issue is a lot of people equate
               | Stalin with USSR. Things were substantially different
               | both before and after him. And his reign was also from
               | the 20s to the 50s in which there was the context of,
               | amongst other major issues, WW2 where the Soviets lost
               | tens of millions of people. As one can see in certain
               | ongoing wars, exceptional loss of life seems to gradually
               | push leaders towards having zero concern for life at all
               | - let alone the liberties and values we hold to be
               | desirable, even in authoritarian systems. When the "hard"
               | decisions become quite easy, you're well on your way to
               | dystopia.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | The peak of Stalin's repression is somewhere in 1937-1939
               | - right before WW2, so you can't write it off to losses
               | in the war. The reason is probably Stalin's paranoia and
               | him seeing traitors everywhere, including his former
               | comrades.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | They were at war with Japan at the time though.
        
               | dsq wrote:
               | The Holodomor and mass purges all occurred well before
               | WW2 so there's no pass there for Soviet repression.
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | The mass purges were deliberate, while the famine
               | (polemically called the "Holodomor") was not. The famine
               | was caused by Stalin's disastrous agricultural policy,
               | but it wasn't a deliberate attempt to kill people.
        
               | medbrane wrote:
               | >Broadly speaking, Russian historians are generally of
               | the opinion that the Holodomor did not constitute a
               | genocide. Among Ukrainian historians the general opinion
               | is that it did constitute a genocide.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor_genocide_question
        
               | dsq wrote:
               | While I agree that one primary motive was to get more
               | food, Communist atrocities generally start out with noble
               | ideals, at least on paper. Pol Pot also intended to
               | create an ideal society[1], at whatever cost.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Zero_(political_
               | notion)
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Pol Pot actually intended to kill huge numbers of people
               | and wipe out the cities. He had his own crazy philosophy
               | about a peasant Utopia that had nothing to do with
               | Marxism at all.
               | 
               | The Soviets wanted to increase agricultural yield, but
               | the policies Stalin implemented caused the harvest in
               | 1932 to fall by about 20%. In a country already just
               | barely able to feed itself, that led to famine, not just
               | in Ukraine but across the USSR.
        
               | mopsi wrote:
               | > The famine was caused by Stalin's disastrous
               | agricultural policy, but it wasn't a deliberate attempt
               | to kill people.
               | 
               | Neo-Nazis argue the same about the Holocaust, namely,
               | that there is not a single piece of evidence showing that
               | the highest level of the German government, in Hitler's
               | person, ever ordered the extermination of Jews (and this
               | is true). They claim it was merely an unfortunate side-
               | effect of various factors, such as widespread shortages,
               | logistical issues caused by Allied aerial bombings, and
               | so on.
               | 
               | However, when you zoom in on the personal level, the
               | deliberateness becomes obvious in both cases. If someone
               | came to your city, confiscated all the food, harshly
               | punished any attempts to store even a minimal amount for
               | basic survival, caused horrific starvation that killed
               | many, drove survivors to such insanity that parents ate
               | the flesh of their own children in the most extreme
               | cases, and still blocked all foreign aid and prevented
               | people from leaving, then what would you call it, if not
               | deliberate mass murder?
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | > Neo-Nazis argue the same about the Holocaust, namely,
               | that there is not a single piece of evidence showing that
               | the highest level of the German government, in Hitler's
               | person, ever ordered the extermination of Jews
               | 
               | We literally have the minutes of the Wannsee conference,
               | in which the Nazis decided to kill all Jews.
               | 
               | The German state carried out a massive logistical
               | operation of moving millions of people to specially built
               | camps and gassing them to death. Comparing that to a
               | famine is insane.
               | 
               | You're drawing an equivalence between patently absurd,
               | factually false denialism about the Holocaust on the one
               | hand, and the dominant scholarly view that the Soviet
               | famine of the early 1930s was not a deliberate attempt to
               | kill Ukrainians on the other hand.
        
               | antifa wrote:
               | > Neo-Nazis argue the same about the Holocaust
               | 
               | No they don't, don't trivialize the Holocaust with shitty
               | comparisons like this.
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Some of them do, but the difference is that their claim
               | is complete and utter hogwash.
               | 
               | On the other side, pretty much everyone accepts that
               | there was a major famine in the USSR in the early 1930s,
               | mostly caused by Stalin's collectivization policy. That's
               | just a fact.
        
               | anticodon wrote:
               | As a Russian I will explain my vision: one of the oldest
               | Western traditions is to demonize Russia and Russian
               | people. You can find plenty of examples in the Western
               | literature from 100 years ago, from 400 years ago, and
               | right now on CNN or Bloomberg or in any Hollywood movie.
               | 
               | E.g. movie Tenet starts from depicting a scene from
               | "Russian life": under a low sun, in freezing cold, dirty
               | hungry Russians are crawling in the dirt gathering
               | "pieces of Uranium" with their bare hands.
               | 
               | Or you can open just about any publication/movie about
               | Russia/Soviet Union from just about any period of time:
               | there would be not a single good word. Western Media
               | almost never publishes something like: "There's a new
               | school/hospital/stadium/factory opened in Russia".
               | Instead all you can see is "Russian corrupt government
               | officials set a record of eating 100500 babies alive
               | today.", "Weak Russian economy means that Russians will
               | survive on a diet of two rotten potatoes a day in 2026",
               | etc. etc.
               | 
               | It's just that Soviet period is demonized the most.
        
               | medbrane wrote:
               | >one of the oldest Western traditions is to demonize
               | Russia and Russian people
               | 
               | Would you blame them? Who cares is something good happens
               | now in Russia while they are brutally murdering their
               | neighbors?
               | 
               | Nobody cares whether Hitler was great at drawing or not.
        
               | subscribed wrote:
               | Maybe if not for the majority of Russians actually
               | supporting the brutal dictator ordering ongoing war
               | crimes in Ukraine you could ask for some sympathy.
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/why-vladimir-putin-still-has-
               | wid...
               | 
               | This isn't just oppressed society afraid to act. This is
               | actual support for the actual killer of the babies.
               | Despicable.
               | 
               | Some of it is also caused by the pervasive hostility to
               | the values important to most humans, pervasive
               | disinformation efforts, and aim to destroy the peace and
               | integrity of the countries it perceives as a competition.
               | 
               | For now I'll just agree this is largely deserved, and
               | I'll play the sad tune on the tiny violin.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | Didn't the USA population elect the brutal guy who did
               | war crimes in Iraq? Are americans all monsters?
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | Plenty of people the world over hate the Americans for
               | what they let happen in Iraq.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | They don't get nearly as much flak as the russians do.
               | For example they aren't banned from sport competitions,
               | USA films aren't boycotted, and so on...
        
               | anticodon wrote:
               | Rusofobia started in middle ages, long before Putin was
               | born. And it never ended.
               | 
               | > Some of it is also caused by the pervasive hostility to
               | the values important to most humans,
               | 
               | USA started with a genocide of a whole continent. Started
               | more wars than any other nation/state in the human
               | history. Probably killed more civilians than any other
               | nation in history (Iraq, Afghanistan, Vietnam, just to
               | name a few countries with huge losses among civilians,
               | not even counting those who died from hunger or illnesses
               | caused by US wars and deliberate destruction of
               | agriculture and infrastructure).
               | 
               | So what? Do you read every day that it is the most
               | belligerent and aggressive state on Earth, although it
               | really is?
               | 
               | > pervasive disinformation efforts
               | 
               | I've already wrote in the original message, how Russia is
               | portrayed by the media and Hollywoold. Is it a really
               | true information? Not propaganda and disinformation?
        
               | testing22321 wrote:
               | I spent three years on Africa, and it's the same story
               | there. Literally everyday millions of africans laugh and
               | sing and cry with joy at weddings, parties, birth of
               | children. New hospitals get built, life is rapidly
               | improving.
               | 
               | Basically nobody in the west has any idea, and people
               | always assume I was in a hell hole the entire time. It's
               | wild what propaganda will do for knowledge of a place.
        
               | EndsOfnversion wrote:
               | So basically you are fine living in a imperialist,
               | totalitarian dictatorship, where the slightest descent is
               | punished by years in prison, because the boot on your
               | neck is Russian made?
               | 
               | The rest of the world having to clean up the mess left by
               | the Soviet Union (paying for the cleanup and
               | decommissioning of nuclear submarines, Chernobyl,
               | rebuilding eastern Europe) may have a lot to do with the
               | anti-Soviet attitude.
               | 
               | Have you ever wondered if maybe that (and by extension
               | your attitude to it) is part of the problem?
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | Russian soldiers stole radioactive materials with their
               | bare hands in Chernobyl some years ago. When you steal
               | thousands of children, keep invading neighbors,
               | assassinate people all over europe, its not that weird
               | that you don't have the best PR. The western world tried
               | to get you to join the free world for almost 30 years, so
               | this is all on yourself.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | More than Hitler? Source on this very incorrect
               | information?
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" I tend to reject any narrative about the Soviets which
               | makes them not sound like humans."_
               | 
               | Right, it's time we stopped this stereotyping and looked
               | at this objectively. The Russian Empire and later the
               | USSR has had many, many truly brilliant people over
               | recent centuries. The list of names seems endless, here
               | are few immediately to mind: Chebyshev, Cantor, Markov,
               | Borodin, Koppen, Landau, Cherenkov, Mendeleyev, Tolstoy,
               | Shostakovich, Gagarin, Prokudin-Gorsky, Mussorgsky and
               | Tchaikovsky. And here's just the Wiki list of Russian
               | scientists: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russi
               | an_scientists. Now, there's much more, do the same again
               | for physicists, mathematicians, chemists, composers,
               | writers, novelist and so on. When one looks at the sheer
               | numbers of people it's hard to believe that they all come
               | from Russia.
               | 
               | Morever, it's hard to imagine where the world would be
               | today without these brilliant people. It's almost
               | inconceivable the world would be anywhere near the same
               | without them.
               | 
               | I'd like to think most of us are smart enough to separate
               | the majority of Russians from the small minority of
               | ratbags, sociopaths and psychopathic, paranoid, sadistic
               | monsters such as Stalin, Putin and Ivan the Terrible.
               | There is no doubt that Russia has had a long and terrible
               | history of tyrant rulers whose reign of tyranny has
               | caused great harm to the Russian people. If anything we
               | ought to feel some sympathy and compassion for the
               | Russian population as a whole given the centuries-long
               | turmoil Russia has endured.
               | 
               | Nevertheless, in spite of its long history of adversity
               | Russia has still been able to produce this brilliant body
               | of people and it's done so essentially consistently over
               | recent centuries.
               | 
               | Give credit where credit is due.
        
             | codedokode wrote:
             | Stalin died in 1953, and these probes were launched much
             | later, so there were no chance to get into a Gulag. However
             | for people who worked earlier the possibility to get there
             | was always nearby.
             | 
             | Sergei Korolev, a famous Russian rocket designer (who was
             | later responsible for launching a first satellite and first
             | human space flight), had to go through the prison and
             | labour camp. In 1938 he was head of a laboratory for jet
             | propulsion (mainly for development of weapon), and as jet
             | engines were not well studied, experimental models often
             | failed with explosions. After another failed test, several
             | laboratory employees were arrested, and after they
             | testified, Korolev. They were charged with sabotage -
             | creating a secret anti-Soviet organization with the purpose
             | of weakening Soviet defence. After series of
             | interrogations, during which he had his jaw broken, he
             | admitted the guilt and soon was sentenced to 10 years of
             | work in labour camps [1]. The sentence was later reviewed
             | and he was transferred to a prison where he was allowed to
             | continue working on jet propulsion.
             | 
             | Another example is Andrey Tupolev - Soviet aircraft
             | designer ("Tu" series of planes is named after him). He was
             | also charged with sabotage (conspiracy to slow down
             | aircraft development in USSR) and espionage during Stalin
             | times and had to design his planes in a prison [2].
             | 
             | After Stalin death, both Korolev and Tupolev cases were
             | reviewed and they were admitted not guilty.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Korolev#Imprisonment
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev#Sharashka
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | _After series of interrogations, during which he had his
               | jaw broken_
               | 
               | It was worse than that. He was beaten with rubber hose
               | and wire harnesses, had needles pressed in the body, was
               | urinated on. He then was sent to a gulag where he was
               | left dying from hunger and scurvy. He was saved by a
               | fellow imprisoned engineer who was fortunate to fight his
               | way up though the inmate hierarchy.
               | 
               | The broken jaw, out of the many broken bones in his body
               | is mostly mentioned because it was ultimately the cause
               | of his death in 1960s.
        
             | macbr wrote:
             | At least with the Venus probes they were only publicly
             | announced when they were well on their way to Venus with
             | failures either not getting published or getting assigned
             | alibi mission goals (e.g. if they failed to leave earth's
             | orbit) so failure modes were limited to the destination.
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | If it falls in my backyard. Can I keep it to myself?
        
         | eagerpace wrote:
         | No
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | From a previous probe:
         | 
         | > Space law required that the space junk be returned to its
         | national owner, but the Soviets denied knowledge or ownership
         | of the satellite.[8] Ownership therefore fell to the farmer
         | upon whose property the satellite fell. The pieces were
         | thoroughly analyzed by New Zealand scientists which determined
         | that they were Soviet in origin because of manufacturing marks
         | and the high-tech welding of the titanium. The scientists
         | concluded that they were probably gas pressure vessels of a
         | kind used in the launching rocket for a satellite or space
         | vehicle and had decayed in the atmosphere.[9]
         | 
         | I wonder how space law works when the national owner (CCCP) no
         | longer exists? Does it go to Russia? Kazakhstan?
        
           | CryptoBanker wrote:
           | Russia is the successor state to the USSR
        
             | stevage wrote:
             | One of many successor states, no?
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | I'd bet many parts were manufactured in Ukraine. Let them
               | have dibs.
        
               | pests wrote:
               | While many countries are successor states of the USSR,
               | only Russia was declared the continuator.
               | 
               | > In an interview with Nezavisimaya Gazeta on 1 April
               | 1992, Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev explained the
               | situation: "Many people think that Russia became the
               | legal successor of the USSR automatically, but this is
               | far from being the case. We faced a very difficult
               | political and diplomatic task. Russia is not a legal
               | successor, but a continuing state of the USSR.
               | 
               | > There was no automaticity. It was an open question. The
               | solution was suggested to us by Western countries,
               | especially by the British, who had a huge experience in
               | solving inheritance issues, they had an empire. The
               | British dug somewhere in their archives and proposed a
               | variant of a successor state. There is a monstrous
               | confusion even among historians who write about it and
               | political analysts. It is simply an unwillingness to
               | understand. So, all of them are legal successors. All
               | Union republics. The three Baltic republics refused to be
               | successors. All the others, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan
               | were legal successors and now remain legal successors. In
               | relation to foreign debt, it was a deal. With respect to
               | the UN Security Council, an international conference of
               | all successors under international law had to be convened
               | to resolve the issues. Therefore, a continuator was
               | invented. A continuator is one of the inheritors, one of
               | the legal successors, whom everybody recognises, but it
               | doesn't require ratification. It is simply a declaration
               | that it is recognised as a continuing state of the legal
               | function that is written in the UN Charter for the USSR
               | and now for Russia.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succession,_continuity_and_
               | leg...
        
               | stevage wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing, very interesting.
        
             | consumer451 wrote:
             | Only when it's convenient for them.
             | 
             | UN Security Council seat: yes, of course! What an ignorant
             | question.
             | 
             | Responsible for the damage done by the USSR in other
             | countries: certainly not! How dare you!
        
           | treyd wrote:
           | Usually international law regarding successor states applies,
           | so it would almost certainly be Russia that would have a
           | claim to it.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | What are the chances it lands and kills a whale?
        
         | mystified5016 wrote:
         | Whales are not _typically_ found on land, and usually when they
         | 're already dead.
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | You've clearly never been to a Walmart outside Indianapolis
           | before.
        
           | ChocolateGod wrote:
           | What if it lands on water though?
        
           | simonebrunozzi wrote:
           | I think we can still estimate that probability. I'd say 0%.
        
             | aruggirello wrote:
             | This thread is looking more and more as if it were written
             | by Douglas Adams.
        
               | whoopdedo wrote:
               | Oh no, not again.
        
         | TiredOfLife wrote:
         | Yeah, that bureaucrat is at least 20% responsible for the
         | current US administration
        
       | alexfromapex wrote:
       | It sounds like it will definitely land, no parachute, because it
       | was made to be strong enough to survive the pressures of Venus. I
       | hope it doesn't land near me.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Sorry, but there is still no chance it will land. It's safe to
         | bet your house on it making a nice crater or just disappearing
         | from radar into the drink.
        
           | stevage wrote:
           | Sounds like you have different definitions of landing.
        
           | alexfromapex wrote:
           | Sorry, I had assumed that a crash landing was obvious from
           | what I said. I don't know how it could be unclear since
           | there's no parachute.
        
           | ahazred8ta wrote:
           | Lithobraking https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobraking is
           | very reliable but a bit hard on the equipment.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | Would be awesome if it soft-landed on a field and started taking
       | and transmitting pictures of sheep.
        
         | LordGrignard wrote:
         | or even better yet, landed on a desert and taking pictures of
         | cactii and camels
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | I think sheep would e funnier, but camels would be OK as
           | well.
        
       | eh_why_not wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_482
       | 
       |  _> Its landing module, which weighs 495 kilograms (1,091 lb), is
       | highly likely to reach the surface of Earth in one piece as it
       | was designed to withstand 300 G 's of acceleration and 100
       | atmospheres of pressure._
       | 
       | Awesome! I don't know how you can design for 300 G's of
       | acceleration!
        
         | dgrin91 wrote:
         | Nitpicking, but wouldn't it be 300 Gs of deceleration? I know
         | the math is basically the same, but technically the words a
         | mean different things
        
           | jbnorth wrote:
           | What is deceleration but acceleration in the opposite
           | direction? /s
        
             | JohnKemeny wrote:
             | There's no need for the "/s" on the end, there.
             | Deceleration, and especially in this case with a natural
             | frame of reference, deceleration is negative acceleration.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | More stringently, deceleration is decreasing the
               | magnitude of the velocity vector, I would say.
               | 
               | If acceleration can be negative, so can speed. A negative
               | speed with negative acceleration would not imply
               | deceleration?
        
               | mongol wrote:
               | Speed is not a vector, it is a scalar. You are thinking
               | of velocity.
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | The magnitude of the velocity vector is dependent on the
               | frame of reference.
               | 
               | If you measure the same object's velocity from a
               | spaceship traveling through the solar system, you'll get
               | a different answer from what we measure from Earth.
               | 
               | That's why physics doesn't distinguish between
               | acceleration and deceleration. What looks like
               | acceleration in one frame looks like deceleration in a
               | different frame.
        
           | crazydoggers wrote:
           | Acceleration is a vector. So if you apply the "deceleration"
           | long enough you'll eventually be accelerating in the opposite
           | direction. Without a frame of reference it's all the same.
           | Even with a frame of reference you're still accelerating just
           | that it's in he opposite direction of the current velocity.
        
             | Eduard wrote:
             | I fly through trams in completely different directions
             | depending on whether it accelerates or decelerates. So for
             | sure a system's design must consider more than just the
             | magnitude of acceleration.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | They tend to do this with spacecraft by turning the whole
               | craft so acceleration always comes through the floor
        
               | crazydoggers wrote:
               | Without looking out the window how would you tell the
               | difference between acceleration or deceleration? You
               | can't.
               | 
               | And if you say "well one way I fly to the back of the
               | tram and the other the front" You're arbitrarily
               | associating "front" with decelerate and "back" with
               | accelerate.
               | 
               | 300gs is 300gs regardless of the direction vector of the
               | component.
               | 
               | > So for sure a system's design must consider more than
               | just the magnitude of acceleration.
               | 
               | What else would you need to consider? Acceleration up?
               | Down? Left? 20%x,30%y,40%z? There's an infinite number of
               | directions.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | "The enemy's gate is down."
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | Well to be fair, the person you reply to has a point.
               | There's a continuous range of directions, but even though
               | I'm no spaceship engineer, I suspect they're probably
               | engineered to withstand acceleration better in some
               | directions than others, given that pretty much only their
               | thrust method, as well as gravity at source and
               | destination, will actually be able to apply any
               | acceleration.
        
               | agurk wrote:
               | When you go around a tight corner and are thrown to one
               | side, what term would you use for the tram's change in
               | motion then?
               | 
               | Deceleration is a useful but non-technical term, like
               | vegetable. A tomato is a fruit which is a tightly defined
               | concept, but it is in this loose category of things
               | called vegetables. It's still useful to be able to call
               | it a vegetable.
               | 
               | From a physics perspective all changes in motion
               | (direction and magnitude) are acceleration, and it's
               | correct to say the designers had to consider acceleration
               | in most (all?) directions when designing the tram. This
               | is including gravity's, as they tend to give you seats to
               | sit on, rather than velcro panels and straps like on
               | space ships.
               | 
               | It is useful to say to your friend in the pub that you
               | got thrown out of your seat due to the tram's heavy
               | deceleration, rather than give a precise vector.
        
           | amoshebb wrote:
           | I think this is a case where "technically" the words mean the
           | same thing but "generally" they mean different things.
        
           | anyfoo wrote:
           | Acceleration, deceleration, point is: Something is going to
           | apply 300 gs in a certain direction to design for.
           | 
           | It's not like you can tell whether you're going slow or fast,
           | in one direction, the other direction, or even just standing
           | still, if you close your eyes.
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | Sure you can. You just need a luminiferous aether detector.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | Of course, my bad. Otherwise the speed of light would
               | have to be constant in any reference frame, and that
               | would just be _ridiculous_.
        
           | exabrial wrote:
           | Flip your phone upside brah
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | This is wrong when talking about the physics of something.
           | Deceleration is acceleration. Acceleration is just a change
           | in velocity.
        
           | drob518 wrote:
           | It's just a minus sign.
        
         | os2warpman wrote:
         | There are electronics and gyroscopes designed for >9,000 G
         | loads, in guided artillery shells.
         | 
         | Aerospace is awesome.
        
           | nandomrumber wrote:
           | 88.2 m/s^2
           | 
           | For well under a second though, typically artillery muzzle
           | velocity is, what, two to three thousand feet a second?
           | 
           | Still, it's wild that guidance electronics and control
           | mechanisms can survive that sort of acceleration.
        
             | Baeocystin wrote:
             | That vacuum tubes(!) were part of that package, and were
             | able to be that robust, still floors me every time I think
             | about it.
        
             | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
             | > 88.2 m/s^2
             | 
             | Isn't that more like 9g?
        
               | nandomrumber wrote:
               | Yes, thanks, I meant to write 88.2 _kilometres_ / second
               | squared.
        
             | af78 wrote:
             | According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M777_howitzer
             | (typical howitzer):
             | 
             | - barrel length (x): 5.08 meters
             | 
             | - muzzle velocity (v): 827 m/s
             | 
             | Assuming a constant acceleration g, x = g * t2 / 2 and v =
             | g * t
             | 
             | Hence:
             | 
             | - t = 2 * x / v = 12.29 ms
             | 
             | - g = v / t = 67316 m / s2 = 7000 G
             | 
             | A bit lower than 9000 G, but in the same ballpark.
             | 
             | Certain rounds, like Excalibur
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M982_Excalibur) or BONUS
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bofors/Nexter_Bonus), are
             | sophisticated and are able to cope with such accelerations.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | Overbuild everything. For things that might be fragile-ish like
         | surface mounted electronics, cast the whole thing in resin. As
         | a sibling poster has mentioned, we shoot things out of
         | artillery tubes these days that have way harsher accelerations
         | than 300g.
        
           | MarkMarine wrote:
           | 300g is nuts. Electronics in a shell is one thing, this is a
           | landing craft. In a prior life my designs had to survive 12g
           | aerial drop loads and we had to make things pretty robust.
        
             | consumer451 wrote:
             | It also blew my mind that a human being, John Stapp,
             | survived >40g acceleration and 26g deceleration, in a
             | rocket sled. I believe it was the deceleration that hurt
             | him the most.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Gun scopes are minimum 500G rated. Apparently that's the
           | ballpark for recoils(the reaction force from the barrel
           | becoming a rocket engine, and/or the bolt/carrier bottoming
           | out)
        
         | casylum wrote:
         | If anyone wants to try and see it the orbit is listed.
         | 
         | https://www.n2yo.com/passes/?s=6073
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | copula4 wrote:
         | His name is not Vlad, it's a familiar form of a completely
         | unrelated name. If you want to demonstrate contempt by using a
         | familiar form, use Vova.
         | 
         | It sounds about the same as if I used something like "Joe" to
         | refer to a William.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | It doesn't actually achieve that, it just makes you look
             | like an ignorant Westerner. Similar to all the "-ski" stuff
             | that Americans, for some reason, seem to believe is
             | indicative of Russian.
             | 
             | If you want to troll Putin, call him Vovochka.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Putin is not in fact the intended audience, so the
               | diminutive should be tailored to the audience, not to
               | Putin.
               | 
               | Kind of like calling him "Putain", or "Poo-tin", which
               | are also not his name.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | lenerdenator wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | TiredOfLife wrote:
           | The Vlad part is from
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler
        
         | tomhow wrote:
         | We detached this comment from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43874642 and marked it off
         | topic.
        
       | ConanRus wrote:
       | Soviet is the best (c)
        
       | CommenterPerson wrote:
       | If the parachute had already deployed sometime during the past 50
       | years, wouldn't it burn up on re-entry?
        
       | cactusfrog wrote:
       | This would be a good start of a plot line for some alien life
       | form
        
         | y33t wrote:
         | It's already the start for _Night of the Living Dead_.
        
       | drob518 wrote:
       | Lander reports that Venus is very... earth-like.
        
       | erulabs wrote:
       | Any projected intercept for earth yet? Feels like it might be
       | quite beautiful on reentry assuming you're in the right (but not
       | TOO right) spot.
        
       | jasonkester wrote:
       | Childhood me hopes this will play out exactly like the Six
       | Million Dollar Man episode. That it will roam around terrorizing
       | rural California, and we'll have to team up with a pretty young
       | Russian scientist and Bigfoot to stop it.
       | 
       | I wonder if the producers of that show knew about that failed
       | mission, and that this was actually really in earth orbit, when
       | they wrote that episode.
        
         | Jun8 wrote:
         | "Oscar: Irina, you know that Steve is bionic. If he's careful
         | ...
         | 
         | Irina: You don't understand. I designed that probe for Venus.
         | Venus Oscar. A planet with temperatures of 900 degrees, 300
         | mile per hour winds, pressures up to 90 earth atmospheres. Even
         | a bionic man couldn't survive under those conditions."
        
         | hackeraccount wrote:
         | Came here looking for this reference; left not dissapointed.
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Article says +-3.1 days, but the author wrote a newer entry (go
       | to homepage, click on latest article, click through to space.com
       | link1) that says May 10, +-2.2 days.
       | 
       | Starting to get to the range where a timezone would be helpful!
       | 
       | Via Wikipedia2, which will probably also get updated fast, this
       | page says they'll stay updated with the latest estimate:
       | https://sattrackcam.blogspot.com/2025/04/kosmos-842-descent-...
       | 
       | 1 https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/...
       | 
       | 2 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_482
        
         | rich_sasha wrote:
         | The blog post seems to say the reentry time depends somewhat on
         | (future, unknown) solar activity, contributing to the
         | estimation error.
         | 
         | Why would this be? Is the solar wind strong enough to affect
         | the velocity of a dense object such as this?
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | The solar wind affects the atmosphere, specifically by
           | raising it, such that the probe may experience more
           | atmospheric drag.
        
           | fguerraz wrote:
           | Solar activity affects the outer layer of our atmosphere
           | which expands with solar activity and affects the drag of
           | satellites. This is how starlight lost a bunch of satellites
           | last year.
        
         | af78 wrote:
         | May 9th is in that range. My goodness, how ironic it would be
         | if it hit the parade in Moscow...
        
           | oleganza wrote:
           | what's ironic about that?
        
             | af78 wrote:
             | This spacecraft was part of the Soviet space exploration
             | program, designed to consolidate USSR's World Power status.
             | 
             | The Moscow military parade is meant to demonstrate the neo-
             | imperial Russian military might, on the 80th anniversary of
             | the USSR conquering half of Europe. That's the way it is
             | presented, with slogans like <<Mozhem povtorit'>> i.e. "We
             | can repeat it".
             | 
             | The former striking the latter would be a bit like a
             | terrorist accidentally blowing up on a bomb of their own
             | making.
        
               | MSFT_Edging wrote:
               | > on the 80th anniversary of the USSR conquering half of
               | Europe.
               | 
               | Weird way to say defeating the Nazis despite millions in
               | losses.
        
               | meindnoch wrote:
               | They overstayed a tiny bit.
        
               | EndsOfnversion wrote:
               | You mean former-Nazi allies the Soviet Union?
        
               | Mountain_Skies wrote:
               | Yes, the former Nazi allies that the Allies gleefully
               | partnered with as soon as the opportunity presented
               | itself. Of course that was just a one time thing and the
               | West would never again ally itself it forces that openly
               | call themselves Nazis. Oh wait, the West is currently
               | doing that today. Relative moralism is something the West
               | specializes in doing.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | There was no glee, it was simply a partnership of
               | convenience to defeat the much worse enemy. The west
               | didn't starve and murder their own people to the tune of
               | 10 million+ like the Soviets did, outside of the losses
               | in fighting the Nazis
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | They starved about 10 million and they murdered another
               | 10 million:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_o
               | f_t...
               | 
               | Their total losses were about 26.6M. For comparison,
               | German concentration camps killed about 6M, but Russia
               | was on our side, so we don't like to compare these two
               | numbers.
        
               | EndsOfnversion wrote:
               | Just to clarify further, we are talking about the Katyn
               | massacre Soviet Union?
        
               | mcv wrote:
               | They did both. They defeated the Nazis, but they didn't
               | exactly "liberate" eastern Europe. They just replaced one
               | occupier with another.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | They helped* defeat the Nazis
        
               | af78 wrote:
               | Ukraine and Belarus suffered the highest losses in
               | proportion of their population. Weird that contemporary
               | Russia tries to take credit for results obtained with the
               | blood of others.
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | Don't forget they started world war together with Nazis.
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | Then abusing the big win by attempting to absorb all the
               | Eastern European companies as puppet provinces. Let's not
               | act like they weren't doing it for their own ambitions,
               | just like Hitler. A lot of those millions could have been
               | preventable because Stalin had zero concern for the lives
               | of citizens or his military
        
               | egorfine wrote:
               | > 80th anniversary of the USSR conquering half of Europe
               | 
               | Is this a correct description of the end of WWII?
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | Sadly, in many ways, that's true.
               | 
               | They entered the Second World War as allies of Nazi
               | Germany. When Germany inevitably turned on them, it was
               | we--the collective West, with my own country playing a
               | significant and costly role--who helped drag them out of
               | the mess they'd enabled.
               | 
               | And yet, not long after, they turned on us. They occupied
               | Eastern Europe, ruled it with an iron grip, and spent the
               | next 80 years constructing a narrative in which they were
               | the heroes--and that they'd done it all on their own.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Saying they turned on us is misleading. They were never
               | on our side, but Hitler was the bigger threat.
               | 
               | The US nuked Japan post surrender (go look it up - the
               | documents were declassified a decade ago) as a bluff to
               | convince the Russians that they could not win a war where
               | they attempted to take all of Europe.
        
               | boulos wrote:
               | "Post surrender" is misleading.
               | https://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2022/05/06/did-the-
               | japanese-... has good coverage of what's known here.
               | There were definitely factions within Japan that wanted
               | to surrender, but there doesn't appear to have been a
               | formal attempt.
               | 
               | As is, there was an attempted coup to overthrow the
               | government due to the first (conditional) surrender.
        
               | egorfine wrote:
               | I have to agree, it's technically true. And tbh even more
               | than technically.
               | 
               | Still, it's as correct to speak about the end of WWII in
               | that terms as it is to describe love as four letter word.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | Yes?
               | 
               | You could mention something about "Losing 80% of their
               | population of fighting-age men and nearly losing their
               | capital city to German aggression before turning the
               | tide" and something about the race against the other
               | Allies, but that is what happened.
               | 
               | Victory Day is basically the largest holiday in Russia.
        
             | ordu wrote:
             | The current propaganda trends of Kremlin are relying a lot
             | on a glorious past. The 9 May is one of the staples of the
             | propaganda, that now represents WWII as a victory over the
             | most of the world, not just a victory on an Eastern
             | European front of the WWII. The USSR space achievements are
             | another reason to boast about the glorious past.
             | 
             | So it would be ironic if glorious past reached through the
             | space to hit those who idolizes it, because they idolize
             | not the historical past but the alternate history past.
             | Reality strikes back.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Trump's glorious past parade isn't until June. A hit on
               | it would be ironic too.
        
           | hvenev wrote:
           | Sadly the inclination of the orbit prevents it from falling
           | that far north.
        
       | kamranjon wrote:
       | I wonder if something like this could basically be a time capsule
       | for germs/viruses/pathogens that no longer exist? Could that ever
       | be a risk?
        
         | bobxmax wrote:
         | Highly unlikely given sterilization before launch and Venus
         | basically being a deep fryer
         | 
         | But also technically not impossible. For example if the dormant
         | microbes react to prolonged microgravity and radiation in ways
         | we don't understand, perhaps it brings back something we
         | haven't seen before
         | 
         | Could be a fun science fiction plot
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | If I'm reading the article correctly, it never made it to
           | Venus.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Not likely.
         | 
         | This thing spent 50 years in high earth orbit. Everything will
         | have received a huge dosage of radiation along with periodic
         | freezing and boiling temperatures.
         | 
         | Something may have survived, life is crazy like that, but it's
         | unlikely it will be a dangerous pathogen to humans. In fact,
         | surviving life will have likely adapted to eat any of the
         | pathogens.
        
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