[HN Gopher] All four major web browsers are about to lose 80% of...
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       All four major web browsers are about to lose 80% of their funding
        
       Author : dfabulich
       Score  : 573 points
       Date   : 2025-04-28 23:03 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (danfabulich.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (danfabulich.medium.com)
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | I wouldn't personally mind if the pace of innovation changed to
       | being far slower, but I would be concerned if the pace of CVE and
       | bug fixing decayed badly.
       | 
       | I don't think most of the innovation has done very much. I
       | realise this is deprecating the sunk wow factor and deprecating
       | the future wow factor, but in the end, its HTML mostly for me.
       | 
       | In fact, if the primary function of code work for the next 5-10
       | years was to remove code, I'd be pretty much in favour.
        
         | mcfedr wrote:
         | Do you even remember the IE6 days? - this opinion seems quite
         | widespread but the open web is great for all of us.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | There's a huge gap between ie6 and what's happening now. I
           | don't think anyone arguing for slowing down what's been
           | happening for the last (let's say) 10 years is talking about
           | the stupidity of ie6. Ie10 has been out for 12 years now!
        
             | bruce511 wrote:
             | >> There's a huge gap between ie6 and what's happening now.
             | 
             | Yes. The fast paced development, and rich environment we
             | see now is sooooo much better than the stagnation of IE6.
             | 
             | Cutting funding essentially returns us to the IE6
             | monoculture with no progress.
             | 
             | I, for one, am not advocating a return.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | > Cutting funding essentially returns us to the IE6
               | monoculture with no progress.
               | 
               | 1. It doesn't return us to monoculture - Monoculture of
               | ie6 gave us multiple browsers, which recently all merged
               | into Chrome. We already have a monoculture which will now
               | lose funding.
               | 
               | 2. We're not losing any of that progress. Actual
               | documented standards exist now, all players implement the
               | same basics, and you can create most websites without
               | browser specific quirks. That's not going away.
               | 
               | 3. We've had so much progress that Electron is its own
               | massive OS now. We could do with a bit less progress and
               | a bit more "how do we make this mess maintainable".
        
               | asadotzler wrote:
               | IE 6 gave us web apps with XMLHttpReques. IE 6 was
               | amazing and developers loved it. It kicked the pants off
               | of Netscape and earlier IEs.
        
         | bobajeff wrote:
         | Yeah I'm of the mind that most browser innovation has been
         | adding APIs for app development. If all that stuff was split
         | off from the browser and left to electron apps then it would be
         | far less attack surface for exploits.
        
           | Seattle3503 wrote:
           | I like having an open platform for app development, even if
           | it's got some rough edges.
        
             | bobajeff wrote:
             | I love the web as an application platform too. However I
             | don't believe it's right to continually hang all of the
             | complexity of a application runtime on what should be a
             | relatively simple client for things that people actually
             | use it for such as forums, watching videos and reading
             | articles. The costs are just too high.
        
           | socalgal2 wrote:
           | Um, no? Electron is insecure. Apps made with it can do far
           | more harm to your machine then a webpage.
        
         | stickfigure wrote:
         | I wrote HTML in the 90s. Modern standards like flexbox are
         | objectively better than the float hacks and tables we used
         | before. The geocities aesthetic is cute but it is extremely
         | limited.
         | 
         | The web is now a competitor for native apps. That would never
         | have been possible without the fast pace of innovation. Don't
         | knock it.
        
           | hereonout2 wrote:
           | Yep it's an odd take!
           | 
           | I was last a "web developer" almost two decades ago, but
           | dipping back in on a few occasions I am always appreciative
           | of how much innovation has happened since then.
           | 
           | The world before the huge investment in browser technology
           | was dark. Tables and spacers for meaningful layout and flash
           | or shockwave for anything interactive.
           | 
           | I remember a time when css based drop down menus were seen as
           | some sort of state of the art.
        
             | mediumsmart wrote:
             | > I remember a time when css based drop down menus were
             | seen as some sort of state of the art.
             | 
             | They still are on mobile for navigation - full screen sans
             | js
        
               | psychoslave wrote:
               | Yes, presenting a large catalog of products (a few
               | hundreds), for discovery purpose an efficient menu is
               | still a big challenge in term of UX and technical
               | implementation all the more when portability,
               | accessibility, and cross-devices is taken into account.
               | 
               | Things that definitely look like trivial banality at
               | shallow level often end up to need a lot of attention on
               | many concurrent details.
        
             | graycat wrote:
             | Uh, a guess is that 1+ billion people are already good at
             | using "drop down menus" along with check boxes, radio
             | buttons, single line text boxes, multiline text boxes, push
             | buttons, links. So, when those _user interface controls_
             | are sufficient for the purpose, using something else might
             | reduce the collection of happy users. The Web site of my
             | bank stays close to such now _classic controls_.
        
               | hereonout2 wrote:
               | Maybe this misses the point slightly?
               | 
               | I'm talking about a time when investment in browser
               | development and web standards was so lacking that being
               | able to achieve things like this blew everyone's mind:
               | 
               | https://meyerweb.com/eric/css/edge/menus/demo.html
               | 
               | Hackernews, were it around back then, would've gone as
               | crazy for this post as we do the latest AI model today.
        
               | degamad wrote:
               | It shocks me that I remember css/edge so well after all
               | these years.
        
               | graycat wrote:
               | > Maybe this misses the point slightly?
               | 
               | Maybe! My thoughts were, say, _tangential_ or
               | _incidental_.
               | 
               | A guess is that a central issue is how much in new
               | features should we develop and use?
               | 
               | I see a dilemma: (A) I mentioned the old _controls_ that
               | go back to early Windows and even IBM 's 3270 terminals.
               | An advantage of these controls is that lots of software
               | tools implement them and billions of people already
               | understand them. (B) Being too happy with the old stuff
               | or even the present risks progress that is possible and
               | worthwhile.
               | 
               | Your post seemed to illustrate (B).
               | 
               | But generally in the industry, with smartphones, laptops,
               | desktops, Apple, Google's Android, Windows, browsers,
               | apps and extrapolating, we could have an explosion of new
               | features that would complicate work for everyone and
               | fragment the industry.
               | 
               | Ah, maybe Darwin would explain: Lots of mutations with
               | only the best lasting??
               | 
               | For my work, I'm thrilled with the tools and technology
               | available now that I get to exploit.
        
           | Jach wrote:
           | CSS grids are pretty nice, flexbox is ok, float hacks were
           | fine and an improvement over table shenanigans. On the other
           | hand I quite liked the simple hbox/vbox explicit elements
           | that things like ActionScript + MXML had (Flex). I liked Flex
           | overall quite a bit, even if it was just another ill-fated
           | attempt at freeing us from the browser strangleholds like
           | Java applets and the rest. Having native platform
           | functionality and a bunch of other nice things readily
           | available now (barring Safari, especially mobile Safari,
           | holding everyone back worse than IE6 did) is nice, but it
           | doesn't quite feel like innovation when much of that was
           | available via plugins back in the day.
        
           | psychoslave wrote:
           | We have to compare apple to apple here. What was the state of
           | native applications back then?
           | 
           | The main point that we could derive from this is that it's
           | hard to make predictions, especially about the future, and
           | all the more when geopolitics is involved. But still it's fun
           | and sometime inspiring.
        
             | cuu508 wrote:
             | Building GUI apps in Delphi was awesome.
        
             | hattmall wrote:
             | I've never understood the hate for table layouts. They
             | literally just make sense. And now all they advanced css
             | frameworks have basically just recreated table layouts via
             | divs with row and column classes. I get the need for
             | responsive designs but I still think we could have gotten
             | there with tables.
             | 
             | It's like people got mad that tables were being used to for
             | something other than strictly tabular data, so they
             | recreated the idea behind table as a layout tool with "css
             | grid" and made it 50x more complicated.
             | 
             | I wish web design could follow like woodworking where the
             | most focus is on using the base tools very effectively. The
             | introduction of new tools is mostly frowned upon. Of course
             | that's all because of the inherently dangerous nature of
             | using power tools. Regardless of tech stack you aren't to
             | likely to lose a finger from coding.
        
               | kilpikaarna wrote:
               | The move from table layouts to divs+css was based on the
               | idea that mixing markup and layout/styling was bad. Then
               | a few years later as everyone moved to React et al. it
               | was good again.
               | 
               | Sigh.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | Yeah, a switch in mode between "make an XML document and
               | then make something else to present it" (I think suffered
               | massively from never actually being completely achievable
               | with CSS, let alone comprehensible) and "just make a UI
               | toolkit for javascript" (where in a full webapp world,
               | the underlying documents are usually JSON and the
               | presentation layer is javascript using HTML+CSS to talk
               | to a layout and rendering engine).
        
               | code_biologist wrote:
               | I understand the sentiment, but disregarding the nuance
               | does the situation a disservice. HTML/CSS serves two
               | separate but related use cases: a document layout and
               | display language, and as a display layer for
               | applications. I remember Pete Hunt's talk "React:
               | Rethinking best practices" [1] explaining in 2013 why the
               | styling separation of concerns for document display
               | doesn't make sense for applications. Has opinion on best
               | practice se-sawed back and forth? No, we've merely gone
               | from web content being document centered to being
               | massively application centered, and the discourse on best
               | practices follows that proportional shift.
               | 
               | Would it be better if there was a different web
               | application display technology, not retrofitted on top of
               | HTML/CSS? Like maybe, but HTML/CSS is... fine. Even
               | separated from the success of Javascript, it's an
               | archetypal example of "worse is better" [2] leading to
               | market success.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7cQ3mrcKaY
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worse_is_better
        
               | DecoySalamander wrote:
               | Layouts implemented with tables make sense when you need
               | to place elements once, and not a ton of them at once.
               | Making even slight changes to your tables within tables
               | within tables is such a nightmare, that throwing out all
               | of your code and starting from scratch might just be
               | preferable. Tables are not a basic tool for this task,
               | it's a severe misuse of the tooling, caused by a lack of
               | alternatives at the time.
        
             | Jaxan wrote:
             | I feel like the native apps and native GUIs back in the day
             | were great! So many possibilities and customisation.
        
           | peacebeard wrote:
           | The web tried to be a competitor for native apps by offering
           | technical parity but it wasn't enough. Web versions of
           | serious apps tend to be broken and have a banner asking you
           | to download the native app. You can argue about why it
           | happened, but it happened.
        
           | frainfreeze wrote:
           | God forbid we go back to native apps and have ownership of
           | our data & software
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | > God forbid we go back to native apps which are strictly
             | controlled by two giant megacorps.
             | 
             | Fixed that for you.
             | 
             | I'm pretty happy not to have "submit to Apple for
             | meticulous review and approval" in my deployment cycle.
        
               | frainfreeze wrote:
               | That's what got us where we are, the same thing will
               | happen to web platform over time.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | > The web is now a competitor for native apps.
           | 
           | It most certainly is not. Web apps still suck ass compared to
           | native. It's just that users are willing to accept even the
           | crappiest solutions because they don't have very significant
           | needs.
        
           | sherburt3 wrote:
           | Having a corporate monopoly controlling the web is a pretty
           | steep price to pay for flexbox.
        
         | asadotzler wrote:
         | So, just let native proprietary platforms take over? It's fine
         | to plow massive investment into Android and iOS but the web is
         | undeserving?
        
           | psychoslave wrote:
           | That raises the question why we ended up with such small set
           | of platforms, both being under the umbrella of the same
           | country (no matter which particular one, that's not the
           | point). And then the technical aspects looks several order
           | lower in term of meaningfulness than anything that will
           | influence it at geological level.
        
       | alwillis wrote:
       | The author doesn't seem to know there's no "Safari" division at
       | Apple. It's not like Apple depends on Google exclusively to fund
       | Safari.
       | 
       | Apple's revenue last fiscal year was $391 billion dollars; I
       | think they'll be okay without Google's $18 billion.
       | 
       | It's way more critical for Mozilla--Google's payment is what pays
       | for Firefox.
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | > " _Apple 's revenue_"
         | 
         | Revenue != profit. $18 billion for something they have to
         | maintain anyway is 100% profit.
        
           | 3vidence wrote:
           | Was going to say this, I can't remember the exact figure but
           | it was something crazy like 20% of net profit was from that
           | deal.
           | 
           | TODO: find a link to the original article that mentioned it.
        
             | alwillis wrote:
             | I'm aware of the difference between revenue and profit.
             | 
             | As a percentage of profit, the $20 billion was 17.5% of
             | Apple's operating profit in 2022.
             | 
             | I don't think that has any material impact on something as
             | established and as important as Safari.
        
         | linguae wrote:
         | I agree. Safari will be fine, and Microsoft has the resources
         | to devote to browser development.
         | 
         | I wonder, though, about Firefox and a post-divestiture Chrome.
         | Browsers are labor-intensive to develop due to their
         | complexity, and the Web keeps changing. Moreover, people expect
         | browsers to be free of charge; it's been a long time since the
         | days when people paid for Netscape Navigator and Opera. Without
         | outright subsidizing development, Web browsers need to be
         | either community-supported, ad-funded, or subscription-based in
         | order to fund development.
        
         | dfabulich wrote:
         | Author here. I'm well aware that there's no "Safari"
         | _financial_ division. And, yes, Apple will be just fine without
         | Google 's $18 billion, but that's because Apple can and will be
         | incentivized to focus their investments on their own
         | proprietary platforms.
         | 
         | Right now, if an Apple executive asks, "How does Apple make
         | money working on Safari?" the answer is _really_ clear:
         | "Google pays us $18 billion annually."
         | 
         | After that money is cut off, an executive at Apple has to ask
         | the question: "Why should we _keep_ investing in Safari,
         | instead of SwiftUI and Xcode? "
         | 
         | I'm sure we'd all love the answer to be, "We have plenty of
         | money, so we should invest heavily in both," but that's not
         | really how the world works, and certainly not how Apple works.
         | Executives make hard choices about what to prioritize. This
         | will be one of them.
        
           | Arnt wrote:
           | Apple has considered that same question for most other apps.
           | Garage Band, for example, and Apple Mail.
           | 
           | I don't think you should listen to anyone's ideas about why
           | Apple does what it does. But if you want to hear my unfounded
           | speculation: Apple wants to control the out-of-the-box
           | experience for its shiny hardware and therefore includes a
           | variety of apps that >x% of the customers are presumed to use
           | on the first day they have their new shiny hardware, where x
           | is some number and "day" may mean "week" or... well, really,
           | this is unfounded speculation, it doesn't have to be precise.
        
           | alwillis wrote:
           | _but that 's not really how the world works, and certainly
           | not how Apple works. Executives make hard choices about what
           | to prioritize. This will be one of them._
           | 
           | This is a fundamental misunderstanding of how Apple works.
           | Nobody is debating whether they should keep working on Xcode
           | or Safari; it's both.
           | 
           | WebKit is one of the most important frameworks Apple makes;
           | many of their own apps rely on it like Mail and the App
           | Store.
           | 
           | And many thousands of 3rd party apps (Facebook, Twitter) rely
           | on WebKit to render web content on macOS, iOS, iPadOS,
           | visionOS and tvOS.
           | 
           | Does losing $18 billion mean some adjustments? Of course, but
           | it's probably something else that's not mission critical, not
           | something like Safari/WebKit that's on over 2 billion
           | devices.
        
             | riffraff wrote:
             | I'm not sure the fact that a web view component exists
             | means it gets priority.
             | 
             | Facebook, Twitter etc have no choice but to use what iOS
             | provides.
             | 
             | It's not like they'd stop publishing iOS apps I'd apple
             | decided to never update the WebView componemt again.
             | 
             | And the audience is captive, if they get a bad rendering in
             | mail they won't think "bad apple" but "bad email sender",
             | same way we all bend around Outlook's rendering.
        
             | isodev wrote:
             | Just to clarify that many thousands of 3rd party apps
             | (Facebook, Twitter) are forced to* rely on WebKit
        
           | JimDabell wrote:
           | > Right now, if an Apple executive asks, "How does Apple make
           | money working on Safari?"
           | 
           | It doesn't need to make money. A good web browser is a
           | standard part of an operating system these days. Apple can't
           | ship without one. You might as well ask how they monetise
           | Finder or Notes.
        
             | winstonewert wrote:
             | Perhaps - but they could just do what Microsoft did: bundle
             | a version of Chromium.
        
               | alwillis wrote:
               | As I've mentioned previously, WebKit is a mission
               | critical framework that many thousands of apps use,
               | including Apple's.
               | 
               | Strategically it makes no sense to not own something that
               | important.
               | 
               | Remember: Safari was created when Apple's 5-year deal
               | with Microsoft that made Internet Explorer the default
               | browser for MacOS X expired in 2003.
               | 
               | 10 years later. Google forked WebKit to create Chrome.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | Apple never fully owned WebKit in the first place - _most
               | certainly_ not back in 2003. There was an extremely
               | public and messy divorce period with the KDE codebase[0],
               | and to this day there 's still KHTML/KJS-derived code in
               | WebKit that has to be sublicensed under GPLv2 for
               | redistribution purposes.
               | 
               | If we're going to split hairs over the whole "Blink is an
               | inferior WebKit fork" brouhaha, we shouldn't forget who
               | Apple sherlocked to get there. After all, turnabout is
               | fair play.
               | 
               | [0] https://blogs.kde.org/2005/04/29/bitter-failure-
               | named-safari...
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | Finder and Notes are artificially and arbitrarily designed
             | to hook into iCloud first and refuse any convenient
             | synchronization with other cloud platforms. It is pretty
             | easily argued that these apps are designed like this to
             | upsell Apple iCloud subscriptions, not because it's easier
             | or smarter to do that way.
             | 
             | Similarly, Safari isn't clouds and rainbows either. It
             | serves the same purpose IE did back in the day; furnish a
             | "premium" experience that is deliberately irreplaceable and
             | intertwined with the OS. We saw this with the push
             | notification API, "Add to Homescreen" functionality and so
             | many other places where Apple dragged their feet and
             | refused a featureset that would enable competition with
             | native apps. This is a hell of their own making, Apple can
             | leave any time they want by acquiescing to app publishers
             | the same way they did on Mac.
        
             | amadeuspagel wrote:
             | A browser that is just good enough for people not to notice
             | that web apps work better on a $50 android then on their
             | $1000 iPhone is a standard part of an operating system
             | these days.
        
           | mcfedr wrote:
           | I think you are probably right for other reasons
           | 
           | Safari has long lagged on other browsers, Apple would rather
           | it didn't exist but have to keep it ticking over
           | 
           | With less competition they will likely be happy to lag behind
           | even further again
        
             | alwillis wrote:
             | Perhaps you haven't noticed but Safari has shipped about 20
             | updates in the last 3.5 years.
             | 
             | If you check the Interop 2025 numbers, you'll see Safari is
             | neck and neck with the other browsers and has implemented
             | the latest CSS features [1].
             | 
             | The WebKit team was first to crack the code on how to
             | implement :has() that eluded browser teams for 20 years and
             | was the first to ship it [2].
             | 
             | As for wishing that they didn't have to maintain Safari,
             | it's a mission critical framework on macOS, iOS, iPadOS,
             | visionOS... it's the only thing saving the web from the
             | monoculture of Chrome-based browsers; unfortunately Firefox
             | is in the low single-digits as far as market share goes.
             | Safari on iOS has about 25% market share.
             | 
             | [1]: https://webkit.org/blog/16458/announcing-interop-2025/
             | 
             | [2]: https://webkit.org/blog/13096/css-has-pseudo-class/
        
             | swiftcoder wrote:
             | > Safari has long lagged on other browsers
             | 
             | Apart from not implementing a handful of Google's sneaky
             | draft fingerprinting proposals (WebUSB, WebMIDI, etc), what
             | is Safari actually lagging on?
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | From the outside it looks to me like Apple started
           | reinvesting in Safari in 2023 (starting with adding support
           | for notifications for PWAs) when the EU started getting
           | serious about regulating the App Store monopoly, and they see
           | investment into Safari as fodder for negotiation with
           | governments about "people can always use the web if they
           | don't like the App Store"
        
             | musicale wrote:
             | At WWDC 2007, Steve Jobs introduced a "sweet solution" for
             | developers who wanted to program the iPhone: web apps in
             | Mobile Safari!
             | 
             | Developers, who wanted a real, native SDK, were greatly
             | disappointed (to put it mildly), and in 2008 Apple
             | introduced not only a native iPhone app SDK with developer
             | tooling but an entire app store.
             | 
             | But Jobs wasn't entirely off base. Gmail had replaced
             | dedicated email apps. Apple had implemented native-like
             | widgets in Mobile Safari as well as touch input, javascript
             | canvas support, and audio support. Today you can implement
             | a video streaming client (Netflix), game streaming client
             | (Amazon Luna), groupware client (Discord, Slack, Teams), or
             | even a whole office suite (Office 365) in Safari. Even many
             | "native" mobile apps are basically just shells on web apps.
        
           | asimpleusecase wrote:
           | Seems clear they have not been investing much of that 18B on
           | Safari. Wow, can you imagine what Safari would be if Apple
           | had invested a large fraction of that income on Safari?
        
             | dgreensp wrote:
             | Yeah, it's a funny argument because while Apple has
             | certainly put a lot of money into WebKit and JavaScriptCore
             | over the years in absolute terms, they already don't
             | prioritize Safari or treat web technologies as an
             | alternative to native app development.
        
           | sapphicsnail wrote:
           | What would you do? Would you keep the status quo or find a
           | 3rd way?
        
           | bloppe wrote:
           | I think it's important to keep in mind that this isn't the
           | end of antitrust. The EU has already forced Apple to allow
           | Chrome on iOS. They might force them to support PWAs on a
           | similar level to native apps next. Chromium will be open
           | source for the foreseeable future, no matter who buys the
           | Chrome branding and userbase. This could be the very
           | beginning of a much more competitive app landscape.
           | 
           | Or it could all go to shit. Hard to say.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Mozilla wastes way too much money:
         | https://lunduke.locals.com/post/4387539/firefox-money-invest...
         | 
         | This loss of funding will be good for them, they can focus on a
         | browser instead of stupid things.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | They won't. They never really did. The OG firefox was a rebel
           | creation that they latched onto, that then itself became the
           | old guard. Firefox still has tone deaf usability bugs that
           | are 10, 15 and 20 years old.
        
           | eimrine wrote:
           | They are the crew of activists now, they can tell us that the
           | stupid thing is the browser.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | With current management, I doubt it.
        
         | bushbaba wrote:
         | That's 18 billion in near 100% profit margin. Which will be
         | painful to loose.
        
       | ranger_danger wrote:
       | The irony is that Google pays this money in order to _prevent_
       | being seen as a (browser) monopoly, but instead it seems the DOJ
       | is using their status as a _search_ monopoly as justification for
       | stopping the funding (and selling Chrome) even though it will
       | just create the same browser monopoly all over again.
        
         | benatkin wrote:
         | Ostensibly.
         | 
         | I think the main reasons are to sabotage Firefox and to
         | increase their partnerships with the other FAANGs.
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
         | 
         | Of course, monopolists and their toadies don't acknowledge all
         | of their dirty behavior.
        
           | dismalaf wrote:
           | Sabotage Firefox? They've literally been keeping Firefox
           | afloat for what, a decade? Longer?
        
             | billiam wrote:
             | Afloat like Weekend at Bernie's. I lived through multiple
             | efforts to prop up the corpse while making sure it would
             | never ever be as good as Chrome.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Depends on your definition of "good". To me it's
               | impossible not to be as good as Chrome, as I define good
               | as not being run by google.
        
             | asadotzler wrote:
             | Google's been paying Mozilla for search traffic for more
             | than 20 years, just like the other major browsers. It's not
             | out of kindness any more than paying Apple for Safari
             | traffic is out of kindness. It's literally payments for
             | search traffic and reported to the IRS by Google as
             | "traffic acquisition cost" or TAC. Google doesn't do it for
             | "keeping Firefox afloat," it's about Google grabbing even
             | more search traffic and dissuading browsers from sending
             | their traffic to alternatives, or creating their own search
             | engines, and always has been.
             | 
             | But Google was a mostly reasonable partner to browser
             | makers until they got into the business themselves. After
             | Chrome shipped, Google properties started _mysteriously_
             | becoming slower or broken in Firefox in ways that had no
             | good technical support and that consistently siphoned large
             | numbers of Firefox user over to Chrome before being
             | addressed. It happened over and over on major Google
             | properties like Gmail and Docs all through the 2010s.
             | Jonath 's Twitter thread is gone but the reporting isn't
             | https://www.zdnet.com/article/former-mozilla-exec-google-
             | has...
             | 
             | And they did it to IE and Edge too, until MS finally
             | capitulated and jumped on Google's tech to escape the
             | sabotaging. There's reporting on that too
             | https://www.neowin.net/news/former-edge-intern-says-
             | google-s...
        
               | EbNar wrote:
               | > Google's been paying Mozilla for search traffic for
               | more than 20 years
               | 
               | Well, and Mozill gladly accepted the deal, being passive
               | and without even trying to be self-sustainable. The
               | (only) culprit here isn't Google. Mozilla's mismanagement
               | has played a big role.
        
               | asadotzler wrote:
               | Mozilla had 10 engineers a total team of about 20 and
               | about $1M in the bank and a few dollars in donations
               | coming in when we made the Google search deal. Take that
               | deal away in late 2004 and Mozilla dies by 2026. It seems
               | like you don't actually understand any of this and are
               | just bluffing.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | > Take that deal away in late 2004 and Mozilla dies by
               | 2026
               | 
               | Run a team of 10 engineers for 20+ years on $1m? Wow
               | that's a bargain!
               | 
               | (I assume you meant dies by 2006 :D)
        
               | ranger_danger wrote:
               | If you're implying that Mozilla has _not_ been horribly
               | mismanaged for decades, I think many would disagree with
               | that.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | Good. Maybe we can fight back the browser complexity. When you
       | have free browser money, it makes it much easier to partake in
       | turning the web into morass of difficult to implement
       | functionality, that then _requires_ taking browser money.
        
         | int0x29 wrote:
         | This will just gut funding to fix exploits
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | Features that don't exist don't have exploits.
        
             | socalgal2 wrote:
             | Yea, so instead people make native apps which pown your
             | machine. Great progress!
        
               | forgotoldacc wrote:
               | Honestly, the end of everything being a chrome-based app
               | and people making actual native desktop apps that run at
               | 10x the speed with 1/10th the energy usage would be
               | excellent. I really hope that does happen.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "that run at 10x the speed with 1/10th the energy usage"
               | 
               | How many current developers optimize their products for
               | speed and energy usage?
               | 
               | I can see the very opposite happening: half-baked apps,
               | whose massive portions were written using free-tier AI
               | output, hogging gigabytes of RAM and four processor cores
               | while the cursor is idly spinning and the laptop is
               | becoming hot.
               | 
               | Compared to the past (and my memory goes back to Netscape
               | Navigator 3, old person that I am), modern browsers seem
               | to be technologically fine.
        
               | watermelon0 wrote:
               | I'd say it's really hard to write a native app, however
               | unoptimized, to be a bigger memory hog than Electron
               | apps.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | Those at least have to be downloaded and installed by the
               | user, which indicates a high level of intent/consent and
               | is difficult to do accidentally. In the browser
               | environment, malicious content can be navigated to
               | without any user intent or consent whatsoever, which when
               | combined with holes punched in browser sandboxes for the
               | sake of fancy features makes for danger with a
               | dramatically larger scope.
        
               | DecoySalamander wrote:
               | Right now, most untrusted code runs in the browser's
               | sandbox, and that's great - outside of the realm of fancy
               | 0 days, the damage is limited.
               | 
               | But if downloading apps becomes the norm again (like
               | every online store asking you to get their app and an
               | extra app for a discount program), I expect that socially
               | engineering less technical users into downloading malware
               | will become much easier.
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | Yes. Native apps are 9000x prefferrable to the browser
               | having to be a shitty os.
        
               | whatevaa wrote:
               | I guess Linux Desktop will die off then.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Maybe it should if in 30 years it has not reliably solved
               | native apps.
        
               | redeeman wrote:
               | funny, it seems to me that a great many native apps
               | exist, and works fine
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | Been using them for 30 years already. I suspect if I
               | heard whatever your definition of "solved" is, I would
               | find it silly.
        
           | mistercheph wrote:
           | it will also gut funding for the production of vulnerable
           | code, in what ratio things will go is what it all depends on
        
         | dismalaf wrote:
         | Reducing features just makes the web less competitive versus
         | native apps, handing control of personal computing back to the
         | MS and Apple duopoly.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Reducing complexity doesn't necessarily mean reducing
           | features. It can mean providing the features in a simpler,
           | more sensible way.
           | 
           | The real problem, of course, is backwards compatibility.
        
             | hdjrudni wrote:
             | Aside from a few rushed features, all the things that have
             | been coming to web are really lovely. I'll be very sad if
             | this all slows down. We were just about at feature parity
             | with native mobile apps.
        
               | taftster wrote:
               | "Almost at parity" in feature set, maybe.
               | 
               | But practically? How many sites actually offer an
               | innovative and/or mobile-first version of their website
               | anymore?
               | 
               | There was definitely a time when we had websites
               | delivering various layouts based on the viewport size of
               | the user agent. CSS media queries, flexible layouts, etc.
               | were all very important innovations for a very short
               | lived period of time.
               | 
               | Now, every serious web presence has moved on to offering
               | their own mobile app, pushing users that direction. The
               | browser was stubborn and erred on the side of privacy. So
               | it didn't quite offer all the integrated (ahem,
               | intrusive) means to interact with the user's device in
               | order to bleed every penny and every bit of data mined
               | from your usage and behaviors.
               | 
               | So I don't see anything lovely in the current situation
               | at all. The traditional web -- you know the one where you
               | surf with a web browser to discover the world -- has been
               | dying for quite some time. It might even be dead and we
               | just don't realize it yet.
               | 
               | We don't need web browser parity with mobile apps. We
               | just need the web to be what the web is good at. It's a
               | lost cause thinking that the web browser will ever
               | integrate with a portable device quite the same as a
               | native app. Those days are gone.
        
               | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
               | >Now, every serious web presence has moved on to offering
               | their own mobile app, pushing users that direction.
               | 
               | If Apple didn't do everything in their power to slow down
               | the adoption of PWAs you might have seen it take off by
               | now. They still won't allow you to easily install a PWA
               | to your homescreen, you basically have to be a power user
               | (a reader here, and maybe not even then) to know about
               | it.
        
           | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
           | And that's why they should be broken up too and their app
           | stores should be completely open so that any apps can be
           | installed.
           | 
           | I want an America where competition thrives again.
        
             | dismalaf wrote:
             | That would be nice but up to now there's been no real
             | consequences for Apple, the operators of the biggest walled
             | garden. MS has also been a pretty bad actor in many ways,
             | although their platform is _slightly_ open, for now.
        
         | r0m4n0 wrote:
         | You do realize, a terrible company will buy chrome and we will
         | be forced to wait until something better arrives (yahoo is
         | interested at the moment). It's going to get much worse before
         | it gets better.
        
           | dsnr wrote:
           | Chromium is open source, you can fork it to death while
           | Terrible Company inc. is busy destroying chrome.
        
             | awesome_dude wrote:
             | People can do that right now, but don't.
             | 
             | Instead we have endless complaints about what Google does
             | with Chrome, and how complex it is :\
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | ?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)#Brow
               | ser...
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | There are forks but they're very limited in how far they
               | can deviate from what Google wants. The Manifest v3
               | discussions show this. Extension APIs aren't a big part
               | of browsers compared to all the other things they do, and
               | there was clearly demand to keep Manifest v2 alive, so
               | you'd expect at least one or two forkers to differentiate
               | by doing that.
               | 
               | In practice the rebasing costs are so high that everyone
               | shrugged and said they had no choice but to go along with
               | it.
               | 
               | Chromium is open source, but not designed for anyone
               | except Google to develop it. Nothing malicious about it,
               | it's just that building a healthy contributor community
               | is a different thing to uploading some source code. If
               | you've ever worked with the Chromium codebase you'll find
               | you have to reverse engineer it to work things out. The
               | codebase is deliberately under-architected (a legacy of
               | the scars of working on Gecko), so many things you'd
               | expect to be well defined re-usable modules that could be
               | worked on independently of Google are actually leaky
               | hacks whose API changes radically depending on what
               | platform you're compiling for, what day of the week it
               | is, etc. Even very basic things like opening a window
               | isn't properly abstracted in a cross platform manner,
               | last time I looked, and at any moment Google might land a
               | giant rewrite they were working on in private for months,
               | obliterating all your work at a stroke.
               | 
               | There are reasons for all of this... Chrome is a native
               | app that tries to exploit the native OS as much as
               | possible, and they don't want to be tied down by lowest-
               | common-denominator internal abstractions or API
               | commitments. But if you view Chrome as an OS then the API
               | churn makes Linux look like a stroll through a grassy
               | meadow.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | I mean, a perusal of the comments on this page are very
               | much evidence of what I was saying.
        
           | bigiain wrote:
           | Yeah, but we'll end up with Palantir owning Chrome, not
           | Yahoo...
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | 1) chromium is open sourced and there are plenty of forks
           | 
           | 2) You're being facetious if you're saying Firefox is much
           | worse. Feature sets and performance are very similar. Most
           | people would not notice the difference if reskinned
           | 
           | 2.1) ditto for Safari or any of the chromium browsers.
           | 
           | 3) a monopoly is good for noone (even the monopoly)
        
             | thayne wrote:
             | 1) all those forks are soft fork that rely on Google's
             | maintenance of chromium. So unless they are willing to
             | invest a LOT more into development, or someone else does a
             | hard fork and puts enough resources into it, whoever buys
             | chrome will inherit a lot of power over those forks.
             | 
             | 2) Without the funding from google search, Firefox's future
             | is very much in question. Unlike Apple and MS, Mozilla
             | doesn't really have other funds to pull from to maintain a
             | browser.
        
         | hyperhopper wrote:
         | Web browsers that are so complex a person in their basement
         | can't implement them are a sickness.
         | 
         | We've gone too far. Give us back html homepages and executables
         | you can run if you'd like something crazier
        
           | chii wrote:
           | But why isn't the same logic applied to an operating system
           | then?
           | 
           | I dont think a browser being more complex than a person can
           | grasp is an important aspect/problem that needs rectifying.
        
             | codr7 wrote:
             | Having more options would certainly be nice, and the
             | barrier to entry these days is pretty high.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | That logic _is_ applied to operating systems, that 's why
             | SerenityOS has garnered so much interest.
        
             | swiftcoder wrote:
             | > why isn't the same logic applied to an operating system
             | then?
             | 
             | It absolutely should be. And arguably, is - there are
             | multiple tiny OS projects that are somewhat useable
        
               | chii wrote:
               | and there's plenty of somewhat usable browsers out there
               | too.
               | 
               | But the OP's implication is that there ought to be a
               | fully working browser (that satisfies the standards of
               | the day), but creatable from someone in their garage.
               | 
               | That hasn't been true for cars, appliances or any modern
               | equipment for ages. And the same phenomenon being
               | applicable to software isn't really that unimaginable
               | (nor a problem).
        
               | Wobbles42 wrote:
               | > That hasn't been true for cars, appliances or any
               | modern equipment for ages.
               | 
               | Personally, I don't see that as progress. I don't need
               | touch screens and surveillance everywhere in every major
               | purchase I make. I fail to see what we have gotten in
               | exchange for all the increased complexity.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | If we had as many browsers as OSs - somewhat interoperable
             | but genuinely independent - then I would feel much better
             | about the web. Compare
             | NT/Darwin/*+Linux/(Net|Free|Open|Dragonfly)BSD/illumos (to
             | say nothing of the long tail; you _can_ in fact use Haiku
             | for a lot) against Gecko /Blink/WebKit.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | If you consider the BSDs and Illumos to be operating
               | systems, you might as well consider
               | Lynx/Ladybird/Servo/Netsurf/Trident as browsers.
               | 
               | For 97% of the world, there are four operating systems:
               | Android, Windows, iOS, and macOS. There are three
               | browsers: Chrome, Safari, and Edge. The rest is an
               | irrelevant sidenote that only hobbyists and developers
               | care about, existing at the grace of the megacorporations
               | that sponsor them.
        
               | filleokus wrote:
               | Agreed, and I would argue that it's even worse on the
               | browser side. We have Chrome and Safari on iOS, the rest
               | is essentially irrelevant. With regards to web standards,
               | Edge is just another Chrome-reskin. When Apple sooner or
               | later looses the WebKit monopoly on iOS, it will all be
               | Chrome...
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | I have daily driven OpenBSD and FreeBSD, and I have tried
               | to use anything that isn't Gecko or Blink. I feel
               | comfortable saying that the OS situation is _much_ better
               | than the browser situation. I 'm interested in technical
               | merit / feature completeness, not popularity. The
               | situation is likely to improve with Ladybird and _maybe_
               | Servo, granted.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | _" We've gone too far. Give us back html"_
           | 
           | Absolutely! Looking at this objectively, most of the web and
           | browser developments over the last two decades have been for
           | the benefit of Big Tech and business--not typical web users.
           | 
           | These developments have been forced on users to allow that
           | mob to sell us more stuff, confine what we do, and spy on us
           | and collect our statistics etc. Moreover, complicated web
           | browsers provide a larger surface/more opportunites for
           | attack.
           | 
           | Everything I want to do on the Web I could do with a browser
           | from the early 2000s.
           | 
           | I mostly run my browsers without JavaScript. That kills most
           | ads and makes pages load so much faster (as pages are much,
           | much smaller). Without JavaScript I often see a single
           | webpage drop from over 7MB down to around 100kB.
           | 
           | 7MB-plus for a webpage is fucking outrageous, why the hell do
           | we users put up with this shit?
           | 
           | It seems to me if all that Google infrastructure were to be
           | busted up and browsers went their own way then the changes in
           | the browser ecosystem would eventually force lower common
           | denominator standards (more basic APIs, back to HTML, etc.).
           | 
           | With simper web tech being the _only_ guaranteed way of
           | communicating with _all_ Web uses this would force the
           | sleazeballs and purveyors of crap and bad behavior to behave
           | more openly and responsibly. Also, users would be able to
           | mount better defenses against the remaining crap.
           | 
           | In short, the market would be less accessible unless they
           | reverted to lower tech/LCD web standards, and that'd be a
           | damn good thing for the average web user.
        
             | concinds wrote:
             | > 7MB-plus for a webpage is fucking outrageous, why the
             | hell do we users put up with this shit?
             | 
             | That's mostly due to insane web "frameworks" like React,
             | and developers who (systematically) overuse and misuse
             | them, and then test their websites on WiFi/5G and iPhones
             | with superfast chips so they don't notice (their users do).
             | The solution is to increase the capabilities of "native"
             | Javascript and CSS, and put in massive effort into
             | interoperability so web devs stop feeling the need for
             | frameworks as "compatibility shims" (looking at you, IE and
             | Safari). Those solutions are exactly what browser makers
             | (sans Apple) have been focusing on lately.
             | 
             | The solution you recommend would have the exact opposite
             | effect of what you intend.
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" The solution you recommend would have the exact
               | opposite effect of what you intend."_
               | 
               | It depends on how one works and what one has to do and or
               | wants to achieve. I've pretty much worked the Web without
               | say JavaScript since it was first released. In fact, I
               | even used to turn off the 'scripts' setting in Internet
               | Explorer it's that long ago.
               | 
               | Over that time I've become addicted to the raw speed of
               | page rendering sans JS, similarly the lack of annoying
               | 'jitters' and hesitations in page rendering that it
               | causes. Same goes for the absence of ads, etc. In fact,
               | I've rarely had need to recourse to ad-blockers as I see
               | so few ads without JS enabled.
               | 
               | Is working without or with very limited JS use an
               | impediment? For many it clearly it is because Big Tech
               | and vested interests have forced the tech down the
               | throats of users in places where its use is _not_
               | essential. For me however the Web mostly sans JS is not a
               | problem. I 've used the Web since its inception and I do
               | everything I want, and that's always been so.
               | 
               | Occasionally, I'm forced to use JS when purchasing
               | something so I'll first determine what I want sans JS
               | then clear caches etc. And sometimes I even switch
               | browsers to make the purchase--I see no need to give
               | these snoopers more data than absolutely necessary, I
               | expect the same privacy online as I'd get from walking
               | into a retail shop and paying cash. So should everyone.
               | 
               | Sites that force JS I back out of faster than entering
               | them--there are plenty more fish in the sea so to speak--
               | more than I can ever consume in my lifetime. For example,
               | on news sites that force JS and block access there are
               | others running the same stories that do not, only
               | neophytes aren't aware of that.
               | 
               | I cannot think of one instance where I've been locked out
               | of such info and not found an alternative source for not
               | having used JavaScript.
               | 
               | Enabling and disabling JS is dead easy on my browsers, my
               | JS icon is red when it's off and green when on. A single
               | click changes the state and a page refresh reloads the
               | page in whatever state I want, it's dead easy to work
               | this way.
               | 
               | Same happens on my phones, when I buy a new phone it
               | takes me some while before I even insert the SIM as I
               | first have to delouse it of all the Google and vendor
               | shit--there's not one Google service I use or have need
               | to use, there are many alternatives, NewPipe, F-droid,
               | etc., etc.
               | 
               | I've nothing against JS, only the way it's used and much
               | abused. What's desperately needed are JS browser engines
               | that allow users to manage its functionality, what it's
               | allowed to do--to kill access to user data by default or
               | as specified, and or supply randomized crap data back to
               | snoopers and so on so that users can take back control of
               | their Web browsing.
               | 
               | Your point is only valid if the user wants certain
               | enhanced features which is not always the case. For
               | example, information sites and government services etc.
               | that convey essential information do not need JS,
               | likewise they don't even need CSS.
               | 
               | Look at it this way: written text contains the same
               | information whether it's displayed in system typeface
               | fonts, courier monospace or Garamond. Sure, Garamond
               | looks much nicer and fancier but it's _not_ essential to
               | convey information. Same goes for much of the other
               | overrated and much abused internet standards.
               | 
               | Of course, that statement will cause you apoplexy if
               | you're a web developer for two reasons, likely your
               | income depends on it, and second it's a notion so foreign
               | to and removed from internet developers' thinking/daily
               | experience that it's inconceivable to them. Well, enough
               | of us outside that circle are now thinking this way not
               | to let the notion die. Perhaps also you're not old enough
               | to remember when everything was simple and we got our
               | information in system or courier typefaces. Those
               | limitations did not stop users from doing the essentials.
               | The new generation of Web developers either have never
               | known that or have conviently forgotten the fact.
               | 
               | There are no satisfactory reasons why such websites (or
               | all websites for that matter) cannot recognize browsers
               | with only limited facilities available such as those
               | having only HTML, or HTML/CSS sans JS and then
               | automatically issuing pages that support those modes--
               | that is, other than commercial/vested interests. And in a
               | nutshell, that's the key problem.
               | 
               | The Web has become so dysfunctional, operationally
               | stereotyped and so commercialized because of these vested
               | interests that many now consider it broken and are
               | calling for it to be fixed. Moreover, unlike the early
               | Web, it's now so important that the mess it's now in
               | cannot be allowed to continue indefinitely, thus
               | government intervention will eventually be necessary to
               | regulate it to ensure that _all_ users have access
               | (ensuring minimum connectivity standards etc. to allow
               | all browsers--even text-only ones--to have access
               | essential information) in the same way governments have
               | had to regulate other essential services and utilities in
               | the past.
               | 
               | ...And regulation is not new to world history, it goes
               | back centuries. Long ago, snail-mail was initially
               | regulated by governments and then regularized by
               | international convention, same with rail guages with most
               | of the world now running on standard gauge. Then there
               | are motoring regulations, it took many decades but most
               | of the rules and road signage across the world are now
               | very uniform because of government intervention then
               | later strengthened through international
               | conventions/agreements. Same with many other matters,
               | weights and measures, the ISO, etc.
               | 
               | Right, in the past that LCD conformity took many years to
               | achieve. That said, the internet/Web is only a few
               | decades old, it also now exists in a world that's highly
               | connected which makes it much more capable of adapting to
               | a fast-changing world.
               | 
               | The only reasons why most internet and Web techies are
               | hostile and or are horrified by the notion of tighter
               | regulations are that they've grown up in an environment
               | sans regulations, taking away freedoms always hurts,
               | especially for those unscrupulous people who rort the
               | system, steal user information, etc.
               | 
               | The railway barons of the 19th Century thought the same
               | but every country now has strict regulations governing
               | railways from technical and safety requirements to rules
               | governing ownership--and many of these regulations came
               | into existence _because_ operators /owners abused their
               | privileges.
               | 
               | We're now seeing consumers (and thus lagging governments)
               | catching up, and that's about time. Unfortunately, the
               | internet took off quickly and it dazzled everyone, and
               | we're only now coming to our senses--back down to
               | reality. Another tragedy was that it was built on
               | software which meant minimal physical resources/materials
               | were needed. This allowed companies like MS, Meta, Apple
               | etc. to exploit the fact and become the biggest and
               | richest corporations in history. When companies can
               | become that large and so rich in so very little time it
               | doesn't require Einstein to determine something is very
               | wrong with commerce and its regulation thereof.
               | 
               | Sooner or later the big correction will come.
        
           | DecoySalamander wrote:
           | If I had to make a guess, you, as a person, can't implement
           | an OS, personal computer, or any other appliance in your
           | home. Maybe you can do the wiring or manage to dig out the
           | basement itself. Not sure why browsers specifically draw your
           | ire.
        
         | erikerikson wrote:
         | I completely appreciate what you're saying. Then I look at the
         | level of crazy complexity and backward compatibility in
         | html/css/js/wasm processing. And _then_ I wonder: what are you
         | actually proposing here?
        
           | taftster wrote:
           | Going back to gopher as a starting point maybe. Let's
           | innovate from there.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | That's a thing, in the form of
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)
        
           | photonthug wrote:
           | This is going to be unpopular but.. just to illustrate that
           | we didn't have to be stuck here. Using things like
           | xpra/xephyr to serve a whole x11 gui over web is surprisingly
           | easy and awesome and like 1/100th the complexity of a modern
           | web stack.
           | 
           | This might not be cheap to serve, but it's cheap to build,
           | and it makes you wonder about the intersection and inflection
           | of those cost curves. And of course we haven't spent decades
           | optimizing for it.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong.. REST APIs, HTTP, HTML5, all wonderful.
           | But as a user, the cost/benefits of ubiquitous JavaScript in
           | depth simply to win interactivity and single page apps at the
           | cost of um, everything wrong with the web (and by extension
           | much of the world economy via surveillance capitalism) are a
           | bit suspect.
        
           | fsloth wrote:
           | The crazy complexity is stupid. It's mostly lasagna
           | engineering where the effort is spent to fix the design
           | mistakes in earlier levels.
           | 
           | Practically at this point it's configuring a Skia render
           | context. This gives a known api to target for the graphics
           | stuff.
           | 
           | There is near 0 value for designers to pain themselves over
           | this.
           | 
           | The design interface should be 85% graphical.
           | 
           | The implementation should be a runtime for a configurable
           | context and it should be configurable with code.
           | 
           | The ui given to designers should be a graphical tool. There
           | could be many, many such tools!
           | 
           | I'm writing this as a graphics engineer who has followed this
           | for over 20 years. I would love to hear engineering based
           | counter arguments to this pov.
        
           | postepowanieadm wrote:
           | We may need to ask some hard questions like: do browsers
           | really need wasm in the first place?
        
             | AndyKelley wrote:
             | I would ask the question the other way around: do browsers
             | really need JavaScript?
             | 
             | It's a lot easier to maintain a WebAssembly engine than a
             | JavaScript engine.
        
             | melodyogonna wrote:
             | WASM came about as a result of demand, not because people
             | had too much free time.
             | 
             | Browsers were being used for more complex things, which
             | resulted in companies adopting hacky solutions to enable
             | more performance.
             | 
             | WASM is seeking to develop a consistent standard for these
             | use cases.
        
             | nasso_dev wrote:
             | iirc WASM bytecode closely resembles V8 IR. If you're
             | writing a JS engine, might as well provide a more direct
             | frontend to it... I don't think it adds much.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _the level of crazy complexity and backward compatibility
           | in html /css/js/wasm processing_
           | 
           | Most people don't need insane levels of backwards
           | compatibility or intense PWA support. That's just cruft that
           | slows everything down and increases the attack surface for,
           | to the user, no real gain.
           | 
           | Perhaps what we need is a lot of lightweight general-use
           | browsers (based on a small number of engines) and then some
           | heavyweight power-user browsers that can WASM to their
           | hearts' content.
        
             | sebmellen wrote:
             | We use WASM in web apps that are used by a very large
             | number of "regular" consumers. It would be stupid to kill
             | that off.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _We use WASM in web apps that are used by a very large
               | number of "regular" consumers. It would be stupid to kill
               | that off._
               | 
               | Large numbers of users use lots of features. That doesn't
               | change that most of them use none of them. WASM would
               | continue to exist. It just doesn't need to be in every
               | browser.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | Who said we have to kill off Wasm, Wasm (minus SIMD) is
               | extremely simple and allows the user (the webdev) to ship
               | the complexity, and not build the complexity into the
               | browser itself.
        
             | akdor1154 wrote:
             | > Most people don't need
             | 
             | No, what you mean is 'most greenfield web dev projects
             | don't need...'.
             | 
             | Most _people_ do need those things, because assuming there
             | 's no civilisation spanning project to literally rewrite
             | 90% of the web, without them their sites would break.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Most people do need those things, because assuming
               | there 's no civilisation spanning project to literally
               | rewrite 90% of the web, without them their sites would
               | break_
               | 
               | Sites most people visit do not require backwards
               | compatiblity. And aside from like Google Docs, I doubt
               | most folk are doing anything with WASM (outside plugins).
               | 
               | Look, in a world where Google subsidises browser
               | development, this isn't an issue. We don't need to
               | compromise. But if that funding stream disappears, you do
               | have to compromise. And I'd argue a simple browser doing
               | away with some of the more-complicated stuff would be (a)
               | maintainable and (b) popular enough to pay itself back.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | Maintainable, maybe. Popular, no. A browser where a good
               | chunk of the web doesn't work is a browser that almost
               | no-one will use.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _browser where a good chunk of the web doesn 't work is
               | a browser that almost no-one will use_
               | 
               | I think it could--it's sort of the case on mobile--but
               | it's not a view I hold with the strongest conviction.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Rewriting everything seem to have been regular exercise
               | in general... So I don't see problems with doing it once
               | more. How many sites are actually say older than 5 years.
               | And how much work would they need?
        
               | deeThrow94 wrote:
               | Well ok, we can stuff browsers in vms for archival
               | purposes. That doesn't mean we need to support existing
               | sites with future browsers.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | I'm assuming people with such a hatred for browser complexity
           | absolutely love the way those Delphi programs worked back
           | before Web 2.0 made browsers a viable GUI platform, because
           | that's the direction we're going in if browser start dying.
           | Browsers have become the de-facto way to work for most
           | people, and it's a major why Microsoft has been losing market
           | share.
           | 
           | People say HTML/CSS/JS/WASM is complex, but the Ladybird team
           | is proving that a very small team can make a working browser
           | in a few years. Thanks to the efforts of dedicated developers
           | behind browsers, most of the web API, including rendering
           | algorithms and such, has been painstakingly written out in
           | detail.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | I never advocated for removing Wasm, Wasm itself allows the
           | webdev to subsume complexity that would normally be built
           | into the browser.
           | 
           | Browser complexity is made _more_ tractable by Wasm, not
           | less. Maybe remove JS now that Wasm exists.
        
         | andrewstuart wrote:
         | This is such a weird outlook.
         | 
         | Clearly you're not doing much front line web development.
         | 
         | Web browsers are incredibly capable and all the features they
         | add are making browsers better and life easier for developers
         | and experience better for users.
         | 
         | This is the sort of comment that back end developers make, who
         | hate front end development.
        
           | devnullbrain wrote:
           | Comparing this site (that you choose to comment on) to what
           | Reddit has done with those features, I'm not convinced.
           | 
           | I will concede the features are very useful for developers to
           | push algorithmic slop and walled gardens onto us.
        
             | squigz wrote:
             | I don't think HN and reddit are really representative of
             | what the web is or what it's capable of
        
       | devsda wrote:
       | Does anybody have guesses on what percentage of browser
       | development is for
       | 
       | 1. New web standards related changes
       | 
       | 2. shiny new service integration(like AI, vpn etc)
       | 
       | 3. UI & UX enhancements
       | 
       | 4. Bug fixes
       | 
       | 5. Security fixes
       | 
       | I believe changes related to 1 and 2 (to an extent) are primarily
       | driven by Google.So, if Chrome changes hands and development
       | slows down I think it would give alternative browsers time to
       | focus on 3 & 4 instead of playing catchup. It might turnout good
       | for the overall browser ecosystem in the long run.
        
         | maxloh wrote:
         | Note that 1. makes web apps more and more powerful, which in
         | turn actually benefits end users (in most cases). It enables us
         | to replace storage and memory consuming Electron and Chromium
         | Embedded Framework apps with their web counterparts.
         | 
         | You could argue that Tauri exists, but I doubt that it would
         | gain large-scale corporate adoption, as storage consumption was
         | never their concern, development time and cost are.
        
         | mushufasa wrote:
         | I did a quick get deep research web search and: > Modern
         | browser engineering is heavily weighted toward maintenance work
         | (bugs + security) rather than shiny new capabilities. After
         | hand-classifying every bullet in the public release notes
         | (stable channel) for the last 12 months of Firefox (versions
         | 117-126), Chrome (versions 126-136) and Safari (17.0-17.6),
         | then folding in counts that Apple, Google and Mozilla
         | themselves publish (for example "39 new features and 169 bug
         | fixes in Safari 17.2"), the picture that emerges looks like
         | this: Even the most "innovative" browsers invest 45-55 % of
         | their engineering time simply keeping the ship afloat.
         | 
         | True green-field standards work is roughly one-fifth of effort,
         | with Safari and Firefox currently leading in CSS & media-query
         | adoption, Chrome in new JavaScript/DOM APIs.
         | 
         | Eye-catching integrations (VPN, local AI summariser, etc.) stay
         | single-digits because the core browser still has to do the
         | unglamorous work of being correct and secure.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Counting bullets just counts bullets not time spent laboring
           | over those bullets
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | Yeah, just counting bullets does not convey the work
             | involved in defining a new standard prior to
             | implementation.
        
       | not_a_bot_4sho wrote:
       | This article seems to fundamentally misunderstand how businesses
       | fund development.
       | 
       | Google's payments to Apple have no direct impact on Safari
       | funding decisions. It's just a revenue stream. Similarly for
       | Mozilla. Microsoft... not even sure whether to begin with those
       | claims.
       | 
       | I think the article touches upon some important truths about
       | Google's code contributions to chromium and financial payments to
       | Mozilla and Apple. But correlating those with product development
       | funding is just entirely plainly wrong.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | > Google's payments to Apple have no direct impact on Safari
         | funding decisions. It's just a revenue stream. Similarly for
         | Mozilla. Microsoft... not even sure whether to begin with those
         | claims.
         | 
         | I don't understand. If Google is paying 80% of Mozilla browser
         | development, how could stopping those payment not affect
         | Mozilla funding decisions?
        
       | almosthere wrote:
       | I mean everyone wanted Google to stop paying to make their search
       | the default! As soon as there is a new angle, the same people
       | will suddenly argue the opposite of what they believe! These same
       | people in fact are likely opposed to monopolies too, but, if
       | Trump is involved - CHANGE EVERYTHING.
        
       | bl4kers wrote:
       | The ecosystem was already destabilized because of the funding. It
       | was just malignant. I feel no sympathy for Microsoft or Apple not
       | pulling their weight. They're the ones harming consumers. Apple's
       | likely intentionally doing it too. Pushing users towards apps so
       | they can control discovery and earn commissions.
        
         | hdjrudni wrote:
         | How will this help? If the web stagnates, it's even more reason
         | to install an app instead.
        
           | OutOfHere wrote:
           | By supporting lightweight browsers and markups that are a lot
           | safer and more sustainable.
        
       | Bjorkbat wrote:
       | Makes me think of the horse browser (https://gethorse.com),
       | namely the fact that unlike pretty much all other browsers it's a
       | paid, subscription product. You actually have to pay $60 a year
       | in order to use it.
       | 
       | Sounds absolutely ridiculous when you consider that you haven't
       | had to pay for a browser since Netscape, and even then I think
       | you only had to pay once for it (it was before my time, might
       | need some help on this statement from people actively using
       | Netscape in its heyday), but this whole Google antitrust thing
       | has made me appreciate just how fragile the current browser
       | status quo happens to be. Safari and Edge are fine, but I don't
       | particularly like using either, and to be frank the reasons for
       | using an open-source browser besides Firefox or Chrome are
       | largely ideological.
       | 
       | It just might be the case where if you want an actually good
       | browser, you'll have to start paying for it.
        
         | bruce511 wrote:
         | As far as I recall, the Netscape browser was free. There may
         | have been a paid one (for enterprise), but I'm pretty sure we
         | had a free one.
         | 
         | They did charge OS makers to bundle it (via support contracts)
         | but the biggest market there (Windows) wrote their own. By IE5
         | Netscape was basically gone, IE6 had no competition (and hence
         | no development) until Firefox came along.
        
           | dharmab wrote:
           | Netscape Navigator was sold to consumers as boxed software at
           | retail. IIRC it was around $60.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | Is horse a skin for WebKit or gecko?
         | 
         | You want to pay for a skin that's fine. Doesn't change the
         | underlying problem.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Their website says Electron, so Chromium.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Horse charges $60 a year and it's still nothing more than a
         | skin over Chromium. I saw the recent surge in paid-for
         | browsers, but none of them seem to actually do any engine work
         | themselves, they all grab Chromium or WebKit and throw a layer
         | of UI on top.
         | 
         | Of course, people are paying for browsers, even if they don't
         | know they are. WebKit and Edge are maintained by companies in a
         | way similar to how Chrome is maintained by Google. It's just
         | the alternatives to those two that are now in danger, and all
         | of their derivatives (Electron, Tauri, and anything built on
         | top of that).
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | The current situation is terrible, and something should be done
       | about it. But cutting off the funding for something as critical
       | as web browsers without a solid plan for how to replace that
       | funding is irresponsible.
        
         | gryfft wrote:
         | > something should be done about it
         | 
         | Ah, but this is something, and therefore, it must be done [1].
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician's_syllogism
        
         | andelink wrote:
         | "Cutting off the funding" is the most insane framing of the
         | situation. It makes the DOJ sound like the wrongdoers or ones
         | responsible here. This "funding" should never have happened in
         | the first place. It totally distorts the economics of web
         | browsers while also giving Google undue influence over the
         | whole ecosystem. But sure, some browser developers will no
         | longer be receiving some income, so let's allow it. Makes zero
         | sense.
         | 
         | I personally am excited to see what changes. Who cares if it
         | costs more money for Apple, Mozilla, Microsoft. There are real
         | costs to browser work that they should be feeling. Even if it
         | slows down feature development, so what? I don't see how this
         | can be worse than the status quo that got us here.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | First of all, I absolutely agree it shouldn't have been
           | allowed to happen in the first place, but it did. And I
           | absolutely think there should be meaningful repercussions for
           | Google.
           | 
           | And really, I don't care if Microsoft and Apple stop getting
           | paid for google search. My concern is Mozilla and Firefox.
           | The google search money was Mozillas main source or revenue.
           | They have been trying for years to find another way to make
           | money, but have generally been unsuccessful, I'm doubtful
           | they'll be able to figure out a way to replace that income
           | now. What if this leads to Mozilla going out of business,
           | Firefox being abandoned, and there being less competition? As
           | a Firefox user, I might be biased but that seems like a worse
           | outcome to me.
        
             | andelink wrote:
             | Perhaps Mozilla will spend money more effectively now? I'm
             | not sure and frankly I don't care. For sure, it will be a
             | sad day if Firefox formally goes under[1]. Still, it
             | wouldn't change the validity of the decision to forbid
             | these payments, spin off Chrome, etc.
             | 
             | [1] I think Firefox will survive. Orion browser, which has
             | been my main browser for maybe a year now, was developed
             | with far less money than the Firefox budget and something
             | like only two people. Is this a fair comparison? I have no
             | idea.
        
               | aseipp wrote:
               | > Is this a fair comparison?
               | 
               | Is this a serious question? Orion uses WebKit which
               | practically speaking is like 80% of what people know as
               | "a browser" and where an insane amount of the effort and
               | money goes. There are like 30 various WebKit-derived
               | zero-features 1-man browsers out there on GitHub, they
               | even show up here sometimes. Firefox maintains its own
               | entire engine called Gecko, it's completely incomparable.
               | The actual development cost of your browser is subsidized
               | almost entirely by Apple (and Kagi's VC money), make no
               | mistake about it.
        
               | chgs wrote:
               | > Orion Browser is a browser developed by Kagi Inc. that
               | is based on the WebKit engine
               | 
               | So a skin for chrome.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | WebKit is Safari. Blink would be Chrome.
        
         | devnullbrain wrote:
         | As a corollary:
         | 
         | If you are a company that wants to have control over the
         | browser market and ensure that it doesn't get taken away, you
         | should contrive to have the funding depend on you continuing to
         | control it.
         | 
         | The current situation is not an accident.
        
       | yesbut wrote:
       | Good. Perfect time for Mozilla to convert into a democratically
       | controlled worker-owned company and cut off the parasite C team.
        
         | bruce511 wrote:
         | Taking your suggestion in good faith, I'm intrigued by your
         | concept of democraticly controlled, worker owned. Please
         | explore this further.
         | 
         | I guess I'm wondering primarily what "democratically
         | controlled" even means. Like everyone votes on every decision?
         | Or we elect people to make decisions? Or we vote on "big
         | decisions"? (Who defines "big"?
         | 
         | Most companies are democratic. In the sense that the
         | shareholders appoint the decision makers. Shareholders -> Board
         | -> management.
         | 
         | Your point about "worker owned" simply means the workers own
         | the shares, and hence "democratic" would seem to be redundant.
         | Unless you are suggesting that the democratic function is
         | exercised in another way?
         | 
         | Now clearly Mozilla is a mix of non profit and for profit. A
         | non profit doesn't really have shares (there's usually some
         | other approach to appointing decision makers.)
         | 
         | So, I think you are suggesting that the voting rights move from
         | "shareholders" to employees.
         | 
         | Naturally this opens the door to 51% attacks, or more
         | specifically incentivises workers to coalesce into groups with
         | mutual-support voting.
         | 
         | Given a reasonably high turnover in workers, we should
         | therefore expect decision making to be mostly short-term not
         | long term? (Simplistically, most people will vote to further
         | their short term returns, ignoring long term goals because in
         | the long run they're not here.)
         | 
         | In other words the company starts to behave a lot like a govt
         | does. Regular elections promote short-term goals and results
         | (don't start a project that will complete after you've left) at
         | the expense of things like maintainence etc.
         | 
         | It also values political skills over say engineering skills.
         | Being a good speaker counts for more than being competent.
         | 
         | Do you believe this structure will make a better browser? When
         | funding runs low, will they make better decisions on which
         | staff to cut?
        
           | yesbut wrote:
           | Like the Mondragon Corporation in Spain.
           | 
           | https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/about-us/
           | 
           | > MONDRAGON is the outcome of a cooperative business project
           | launched in 1956. Its mission is encapsulated in its
           | Corporate Values: intercooperation, grassroots management,
           | corporate social responsibility, innovation, democratic
           | organisation, education and social transformation, among
           | others.
           | 
           | > Organisationally, MONDRAGON is divided into four areas:
           | Finance, Industry, Retail and Knowledge. It currently
           | consists of 81 separate, self-governing cooperatives, around
           | 70,000 people and 12 R&D centres, occupying first place in
           | the Basque business ranking and tenth in Spain.
           | 
           | Or Scop-TI in France, a large worker cooperative in the IT
           | and engineering sector.
           | 
           | This isn't anything new:
           | 
           | https://institute.coop/what-worker-cooperative
        
           | kentrado wrote:
           | He Is talking about a worker cooperative. You can search
           | information about current ones if you are truly interested in
           | how they work.
           | 
           | I agree with him that software engineers should be making the
           | decisions in Mozilla.
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | Great news! Mozilla will finally disappear!
        
         | EbNar wrote:
         | Hopefully
        
       | mediumsmart wrote:
       | Is Dan fabulating that 18 billion is 80% of Safaris yearly
       | funding? Surely it's much less than that. A browser needs at
       | least 50 billion per annum to stay on top of things. Nice try :)
        
       | galkk wrote:
       | Mozilla funneled shit ton of those money into nonsense, now
       | they're having their reckoning. Cry me a river.
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | A lot of the nonsense has been increasinly desparate attempts
         | at finding revenue sources beyond Google.
        
       | bamboozled wrote:
       | Can we get one good one then ?
        
       | kace91 wrote:
       | >It's obviously illegal for Google to prop up Mozilla Firefox and
       | Apple Safari as if they were co-equal competitors to Chrome. And
       | Chrome itself is the biggest "search-engine deal" of all, which
       | is why the DoJ is so focused on forcing Google to divest from
       | Chrome.
       | 
       | >The laws intended to foster competition will inadvertently
       | destabilize the foundational tools millions rely on to access the
       | internet
       | 
       | It sounds like, if anything, the problem lies in letting this
       | "obviously illegal" setup become the statu quo.
        
       | abhisek wrote:
       | This is weird to say the least. All the major browser innovation
       | that has happened during the last decade is because of the
       | funding from Google towards Chromium.
       | 
       | Browsers used to be one of the most critical and insecure
       | software. All the major security enhancement in terms of
       | isolation, sandboxing, privilege separation happened IMHO due to
       | a Google backed browser security research. This benefitted the
       | community because other browsers either adopted Chromium as the
       | base or implemented similar security improvements.
       | 
       | I think it's not just the browser anymore, the core building
       | blocks like v8, blink etc. forms the foundation of modern web. It
       | will be interesting to see the benefits of anti-monopoly laws
       | when it comes at the cost of destabilising something foundational
       | like Chromium.
        
         | chii wrote:
         | > it comes at the cost of destabilising something foundational
         | like Chromium
         | 
         | the benefits have already been contributed to chrome, and is
         | easily available even if funding is cut today.
         | 
         | However, google didn't give chrome and their money away
         | altruistically. They wanted something back - control of the
         | browser market, and ability to dictate certain aspects of the
         | web. I do not believe they should have this ability. Taking
         | away monopolistic practises with the browser market can help
         | with this aspect.
        
         | taftster wrote:
         | On the surface, it's easy to agree with your opinion.
         | 
         | But then I think, what would it have been like without this
         | investment. Maybe browsers would stay buggy and we'd have an
         | internet with much more diversity in protocol. The internet of
         | today is monotone and subservient to its web master.
         | 
         | I wonder if innovation stagnated because of the extensive
         | (ab)use of the web. Granted, early on, Google's contributions
         | have been more than just pioneering. Both on the backend and
         | the frontend, we all owe them a pint.
         | 
         | But recently, it feels it's just been self-serving. And the
         | monopolistic overtones plus the loss of "do no evil" has
         | arguably hurt us in recent years.
         | 
         | That being said, if the web browser isn't funded so deeply,
         | maybe this is a good thing? Maybe that will give birth to fresh
         | cycles again. I kind of think like letting a corn field grow a
         | new crop to let it regenerate. It could usher in new
         | innovations.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | I can see what you're getting at but I think the monotonous,
           | sterilized nature of the Web is really business driven, not
           | technology driven.
        
           | mickelsen wrote:
           | I'm not so sure about that, I bet we'd probably still have
           | Flash, Java Applets, Silverlight and ActiveX controls. The
           | web was a mess before. The recent capture by big platforms is
           | more about taking you out of the web, into their superapps.
           | 
           | edit: On a second thought, as a dev now, I look at React,
           | Angular, all these mega frameworks... and wonder if we're
           | just patching over problems big tech baked into the modern
           | web. First point still stands tho.
        
             | taftster wrote:
             | I mean, I don't disagree with you. I think we needed Google
             | and needed their investment to push forward past Applets,
             | ActiveX, and Flash.
             | 
             | But now, we're stagnating again. So maybe drying up those
             | funds will be part of the cure.
        
               | mikelward wrote:
               | I think Apple also forced the world to move on from
               | Flash. The iPhone didn't have Flash.
        
               | taftster wrote:
               | All the other plugins were dying on their own (for
               | whatever reason). But Flash was a stubborn virus, to be
               | sure.
               | 
               | Yes, it definitely took the big slap from Apple to kill
               | Flash once and for all.
        
             | robin_reala wrote:
             | Oh, that's definitely revisionism. The iPhone killed Flash,
             | and ActiveX (outside of South Korea / Silverlight) and
             | applets were already dead at that point.
        
               | mickelsen wrote:
               | Yeah, true. I forgot that, even Steve's letter on why
               | they wouldn't put flash on the iPhone.
               | 
               | That was the final blow, yup. But the web was still a
               | clunky mess of plugins, broken standards, and browser-
               | specific hacks.
               | 
               | Google pushed to make the web better. And through Chrome
               | they helped bring WebKit to multiplatform: I still
               | remember I couldn't even get rounded edges or nice
               | typography support across platforms, only in Safari.
               | 
               | It wasn't until Chrome took off that the rest started
               | paying attention.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | The iPhone was undoubtedly the deciding factor, I agree -
               | but interestingly Netflix used to rely on Silverlight for
               | DRM [1] until Google introduced video DRM to Chrome in
               | ~2013 [2]. iPhone netflix users had to use an app.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.engadget.com/2008-10-26-netflix-finally-
               | brings-w... [2] https://netflixtechblog.com/html5-video-
               | at-netflix-721d1f143...
        
               | asadotzler wrote:
               | Why was ActiveX dead? Why didn't it succeed when MS
               | launched it at a time IE had 90%+ user share?
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Because it required Windows in a time that iPhones were
               | storming the market.
               | 
               | Also the ActiveX security model was pretty horrific.
        
           | fsloth wrote:
           | The web browser is an ugly mongrel that in a "sane" world
           | would never exist. The only reason it is a platform is due to
           | the immense wealth funneled to ductaping and reinforcing it
           | to hold.
           | 
           | It's basically a statue of liberty made of ductape and
           | chewing gum, then reinforced with formula-1 level engineering
           | and novel materials research.
           | 
           | The building blocks and lessons learned could be used for
           | something novel (nope not gonna happen it's permanent now).
           | WASM, json, Skia renderer, pretty awesome v8 virtual machine
           | etc etc ... all of that are pretty neat.
           | 
           | I guess the key thing is what is the value of browser now?
           | 
           | It's the ui to bazillion networked business and government
           | systems, productivity tools etc.
           | 
           | I would argue the sticky moat here is not the web interface,
           | though, but the data and the familiar usage patterns.
           | _Theoretically_ the ux is portable to any system with vector
           | graphics renderer and the data itself should be (a long
           | stretch right) independent of the client ui.
        
             | 6510 wrote:
             | The winning (marketingwise) systems couldn't get sandboxing
             | to work. You couldn't simply download software and run it.
        
               | watermelon0 wrote:
               | Sure, but back then people were used to downloading and
               | running random exe files (even from really untrusted
               | sources such as torrent sites, eMule, etc.)
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | I'm quite certain Apple would have continued their browser
         | engineering and security efforts with or without Google. In the
         | first place, Chromium was a fork of WebKit (which itself is
         | derived from the work of the KHTML team). Apple values the
         | security of their iOS users a _lot_ so they wouldn 't have just
         | sat around and watched them get exploited.
         | 
         | It's true that Google 'got there first' on a lot of stuff and
         | that groups like Project Zero do incredible work but the idea
         | that we'd be nowhere without Google is a bit silly.
        
           | creato wrote:
           | As of 2023 Apple had done very little of this to iMessage, a
           | far simpler app than a browser:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37425007
        
           | abhisek wrote:
           | Agreed that Apple would have continued browser engineering
           | and focused on security as well in response to attack
           | techniques.
           | 
           | I am not suggesting that browsers would not evolve without
           | Google. I am looking at the impact on web today. Perhaps new
           | technologies will emerge, perhaps browser development will
           | adopt different model or perhaps native apps will get a
           | boost.
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | Apple doesn't invest sufficient resources in Safari even with
           | Google's competition and support[1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://webventures.rejh.nl/blog/2024/history-of-safari-
           | show...
        
             | briankelly wrote:
             | That would be because they aren't meaningfully competing
             | here. They both profit tremendously by the status quo and
             | so do not step on each other's toes.
        
         | forgotoldacc wrote:
         | I'm going to take a fairly contrarian stance here and say that
         | I've noticed zero improvement this past decade. In fact, stuff
         | seems to be worse.
         | 
         | Google crippled ad blockers on their platform and ads are
         | getting through with increasing frequency.
         | 
         | Stuff that really should be working on my browser or did before
         | is now getting blocked because I apparently should be using a
         | webkit browser. One example is my credit card is getting
         | rejected more and more often lately. But things work fine when
         | I open up Chrome and make a payment.
         | 
         | What things do I want improved? Popups/popunders still happen
         | sometimes. There's still no real solution to block those
         | annoying mailing list popovers either. The dominance of Chrome
         | seems to have frozen the internet in time around 10 years ago.
         | Nothing has really changed between then and now, while before
         | there always seemed to be a feature to look forward to. I guess
         | the last big thing was web assembly, and even that was released
         | nearly a decade ago.
        
           | cosmic_cheese wrote:
           | In terms of enjoyment, I think that as a whole things were
           | much better in the late 00s and early 10s. Proprietary crashy
           | resource hog browser plugins had effectively been killed off
           | and JS bloat was still relatively low, so with a few notable
           | exceptions the web was fairly light and sites on average
           | weren't nearly as irritating or intrusive. Furthermore, devs
           | hadn't normalized feature chasing and so any modern browser
           | worked correctly for the overwhelming majority of the web and
           | adblock extensions generally didn't break things.
           | 
           | It's all been downhill from there.
        
             | taftster wrote:
             | I wonder if it's only downhill once you have reached your
             | own point of enlightenment. For me, that wasn't _late_ 00
             | 's, but more like late 90's and early 00's. Maybe that was
             | my coming of age.
             | 
             | To me, it's been downhill pretty much before it got
             | started. I'm always feeling "behind" having missed the fun
             | at any stage.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | I like the late 00s/10s because it represents a
               | particular level of refinement and balance of
               | functionality in contrast to earlier eras. As much as I
               | enjoyed the web of the 90s and early 00s, it was still
               | quite nascent and in some ways a bit too basic for my
               | taste.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | 90s web was fun in a wild west kind of way. Sites were
               | small, but the net in general was slow.
               | 
               | 00-10 had a lot of forums in which I remember being very
               | fun. At the same time it brought in the age of popups and
               | ads everywhere.
               | 
               | 10+ brought in the age of large social media and the
               | feeling everything was trying to scam you. A lot of the
               | forums that felt special and interesting started
               | disappearing for multiple reasons, but mostly their
               | userbase had moved to FB or something else huge. Then
               | those large sites started moderating anything interesting
               | away.
        
               | thbb123 wrote:
               | In the late 90's, I attended a talk by Ted Nelson, the
               | guy who coined the term Hypertext. To him, things started
               | going downhill with HTML, and the URL. The gist of his
               | complain is that he wanted links to be bi-directional.
               | 
               | In the 80's, telecom operators were complaining that
               | TCP/IP and packet transmission was a regression over
               | circuit commutation.
               | 
               | So it looks like the internet has progressed through
               | perpetual regression.
        
               | monsieurbanana wrote:
               | The internet is 30-40 years old, and has brought an
               | entirely new paradigm to the world. It has abolished
               | distances, disproportionately increasing the reach of a
               | few.
               | 
               | I'd love to share your optimism that things will keep
               | improving in the long run, but I don't see what you're
               | basing that off.
        
             | abhisek wrote:
             | > Furthermore, devs hadn't normalized feature chasing and
             | so any modern browser worked correctly
             | 
             | What you are saying seems much larger than the web itself.
             | I don't think Chromium or for that matter "technology" is
             | responsible for that. I think it has more to do with
             | massive capital in funding technology startups building on
             | every random idea which in turn led to the tremendous
             | demand for platforms with the promise of "shipping fast" at
             | the cost of short sighted technical decisions.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | That's definitely a consideration, but alongside the rise
               | of Blink within the web dev sphere there's also been a
               | growing culture of sitting on the bleeding edge of new
               | features regardless of how necessary doing so is, which
               | influences both hobby and production projects alike.
               | 
               | On other platforms it's still much more the norm to stick
               | to proven tech for anything non-trivial and to only adopt
               | new APIs when there's high adoption and adequate
               | justification for doing so.
        
           | taftster wrote:
           | You're speaking my language here. I think this is exactly
           | what happens when a company has cornered the market. We have
           | completely stagnated, as you say, for at least a decade,
           | maybe more.
           | 
           | Lots of innovation has happened, don't get me wrong. And
           | maybe the web browser as we know is "mature" and therefore
           | lacking need to evolve.
           | 
           | But I'd argue (as I did in a sibling comment) that maybe this
           | drying up of funds could pave the way for new innovation. The
           | web, the creative parts of the web, and definitely the
           | internet as well, didn't have monster budgets to drive its
           | innovation originally. It had some (DARPA, et al), but not
           | like today.
        
           | photonthug wrote:
           | > zero improvement this past decade. In fact, stuff seems to
           | be worse.
           | 
           | Sigh, yes, even keeping copy/paste working is problematic for
           | the last several years.
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40886954
           | 
           | Luckily the top comment in that thread says "this is the
           | process working" so I guess we're good
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | > _Copy and Paste context menu entries are sometimes
             | disabled when they should not be_
             | 
             | they should _never_ be disabled. If I want to copy the
             | letters from the OK /Cancel buttons--which you also tried
             | to eliminate--or the keyboard keycaps you are displaying, I
             | should be able to; what's it to you what I want to do?
             | 
             | How much do you love it when you are using a PDF of a
             | scanned ancient text or a cellphone snapshot you just took
             | of a streetsign, and your device lets you copy the text?
             | This is what computers are for, to be our servants, not to
             | be Google's overseer.
             | 
             | step 1: HN, make article titles selectable. wtf!?
        
         | hshdhdhj4444 wrote:
         | > All the major browser innovation that has happened during the
         | last decade is because of the funding from Google towards
         | Chromium.
         | 
         | And what was Chromium based on? WebKit. And what was WebKit
         | based on? KHTML.
         | 
         | Chromium was simply a continuation of innovation that had
         | started before Google even existed.
         | 
         | But in parallel it was Firefox that broke the Internet Explorer
         | monopoly that made 3rd party browsers technically possible in
         | the first place.
         | 
         | But all of that would have been irrelevant if it wasn't from
         | anti trust actions that prevented MS from doing the stuff
         | they're doing now (now that the antitrust probationary period
         | is over) such as forcing their browser to be the default
         | browser.
         | 
         | If it wasn't for antitrust action against MS they would have
         | taken these actions when they were much stronger and the other
         | browsers were not as advanced and Chrome would likely have been
         | nowhere to be seen.
         | 
         | Anyways, you're wrong even with the idea that chromium has
         | innovated the most. Most of the ideas that Chrome has today
         | were implemented in other smaller browsers such as Opera well
         | before Chrome ever integrated them.
         | 
         | I suspect if Chrome were to disappear tomorrow, browser
         | technology would be far more innovative 2 years from now than
         | it will be with Chrome as the dominant browser.
        
           | jupp0r wrote:
           | I think you should appreciate more how much the tens of
           | billions of dollars Google has invested in Chrome has
           | benefited the web and open source in general. Some examples:
           | 
           | Webrtc. Google's implementation is super widely used in all
           | sorts of communications software.
           | 
           | V8. Lots of innovation on the interpreter and JIT has made JS
           | pretty fast and is reused in lots of other software like
           | nodejs, electron etc.
           | 
           | Sandboxing. Chrome did a lot of new things here like site
           | isolation and Firefox took a while to catch up.
           | 
           | Codecs. VP8/9 and AV1 broke the mpeg alliance monopoly and
           | made non patented state of the art video compression
           | possible.
           | 
           | SPDY/QUIC. Thanks to Google we have zero RTT TLS handshakes
           | and no head of line blocking HTTP with header compression,
           | etc now and H3 has mandatory encryption.
        
             | Morizero wrote:
             | > V8
             | 
             | Great we have fifty bloated front-end frameworks powered by
             | ten bloated back-ends written by novice devs who need to
             | use left-pad dependencies
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | The finer point is where these tens of billions came from.
             | 
             | All of it was ad money, and a lot of these innovations were
             | also targeted at better dealing with ads (Flash died
             | because of how taxing it was, mobile browsers just couldn't
             | do it. JavaScript perf allowed these ads to come back full
             | force)
             | 
             | The net balance of how much web technology advanced vs how
             | much ad ecosystems developed is pretty near 0 to me, if not
             | slightly negative.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | And then they removed
             | 
             | Don't be evil.
             | 
             | At some point the stopped improving the browser for the
             | users and changed to improving the browser for Google.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Maybe they were actually lying when they originally said
               | "Don't be evil," and removing it was only being more
               | truthful?
        
               | croes wrote:
               | There actions back then fitted the Don't be evil motto.
               | 
               | That's what mattered.
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | >There actions back then fitted the Don't be evil motto.
               | 
               | Disagree with that. All the privacy issues people have
               | problem with now were already a problem in 2007. But
               | being the media darling along with Submarine PR Google
               | didn't get much bad press.
               | 
               | There were lots of other things too, including their site
               | breaking Firefox as well as Chrome, their promise not to
               | make another browser.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | They never removed it.
        
             | Sander_Marechal wrote:
             | Isn't webrtc broken in Chrome? Or did they finally fix
             | that? It used to be that everyone supported Chrome's broken
             | implementation, leaving Firefox users with the correct
             | implementation out in the cold.
        
               | derf_ wrote:
               | If you are referring to the standards-based "Unified
               | Plan" vs. the Google proprietary "Plan B" for handling
               | multiple media tracks in SDP, I believe that "Plan B" was
               | finally phased out in 2022.
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | Let's play devil's advocate:
             | 
             | > Webrtc. Google's implementation is super widely used in
             | all sorts of communications software.
             | 
             | Webrtc uses the user's bandwidth without permission or
             | notification and it used to prevent system sleep on macs
             | without any user visible indication.
             | 
             | > V8. Lots of innovation on the interpreter and JIT has
             | made JS pretty fast and is reused in lots of other software
             | like nodejs, electron etc.
             | 
             | No matter how efficient they made it, javascript
             | "applications" are still bloatware that needlessly waste
             | the user's resources compared to native code.
             | 
             | > Sandboxing. Chrome did a lot of new things here like site
             | isolation and Firefox took a while to catch up.
             | 
             | That's useful but only because the bloatware above. If you
             | didn't give code running in the browser that much power you
             | wouldn't need sandboxing.
             | 
             | > Codecs. VP8/9 and AV1 broke the mpeg alliance monopoly
             | and made non patented state of the art video compression
             | possible.
             | 
             | Could agree. Not sure of Google's real contribution to
             | those.
             | 
             | > SPDY/QUIC. Thanks to Google we have zero RTT TLS
             | handshakes and no head of line blocking HTTP with header
             | compression, etc now and H3 has mandatory encryption.
             | 
             | It's also a binary protocol that cannot be debugged/tested
             | via plain telnet, which places a barrier to entry for
             | development. Perhaps enhances Google's market domination by
             | requiring their libraries and via their control of the
             | standard.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | >Webrtc uses the user's bandwidth without permission or
               | notification and it used to prevent system sleep on macs
               | without any user visible indication.
               | 
               | >No matter how efficient they made it, javascript
               | "applications" are still bloatware that needlessly waste
               | the user's resources compared to native code.
               | 
               | >No matter how efficient they made it, javascript
               | "applications" are still bloatware that needlessly waste
               | the user's resources compared to native code.
               | 
               | So should we not deliver advanced sandboxed cross
               | platform applications for any platform, and instead
               | deliver unsandboxed native code for all possible
               | platforms? ActiveX called, it wants to say thanks for the
               | endorsement and that it told you so.
               | 
               | And no more zoom meetings because somebody's Mac might
               | not go to sleep? I'm with you on that one, brother!
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > ActiveX called
               | 
               | You do not need to "deliver" inside a bloated VM you
               | know.
               | 
               | Just to spell it out, a web browser is a bloated VM these
               | days.
               | 
               | > And no more zoom meetings
               | 
               | Yes please. No more zoom meetings. Ever.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | >You do not need to "deliver" inside a bloated VM you
               | know.
               | 
               | >Just to spell it out, a web browser is a bloated VM
               | these days.
               | 
               | Then Java applets? Oops, that's a bloated VM too.
               | 
               | And how is an M4 emulating x86 code or jitting WASM code
               | not also a bloated VM? Bloated VMs are here to stay.
               | 
               | >> And no more zoom meetings
               | 
               | >Yes please. No more zoom meetings. Ever.
               | 
               | Yay, we've found common ground! Want to chat about it on
               | zoom? ;)
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | I can read and write just fine thank you, want o chat
               | about it on irc? :)
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | IRC and other simple tech are the real losers in the
               | modern tech ecosystem.
        
               | derf_ wrote:
               | _> > Codecs. VP8/9 and AV1 broke the mpeg alliance
               | monopoly and made non patented state of the art video
               | compression possible.
               | 
               | > Could agree. Not sure of Google's real contribution to
               | those._
               | 
               | They were not the only contributor (I was the technical
               | lead for Mozilla's efforts in this space), but they were
               | by far the largest contributor, in both dollars and
               | engineering hours.
        
               | rs186 wrote:
               | > No matter how efficient they made it, javascript
               | "applications" are still bloatware that needlessly waste
               | the user's resources compared to native code.
               | 
               | Well that's just biased. Saying application is bloated
               | (which is often not true) is the result of an entire
               | ecosystem, has something to do with an interpreter, is
               | ridiculous. Any qualified software engineer can see the
               | fault in such a comment. You probably know that as well.
               | 
               | So I consider your comment trolling.
        
             | mordae wrote:
             | webrtc is awful, though
        
             | pizza wrote:
             | You raise some good points but re: codecs, I was quite
             | unimpressed with how they handled JPEG-XL.
        
             | eitland wrote:
             | Of all the things you've mentioned, the only one that
             | genuinely stands out to me as a positive contribution from
             | Google--something that wouldn't have happened had Chrome
             | never existed--is the codec situation. They leveraged their
             | scale and influence for good in that instance.
             | 
             | That said, it's not as if other browsers weren't already
             | making independent strides in optimisation and innovation.
             | In fact, I sometimes wonder whether Chrome has actually
             | steered the browser ecosystem in the wrong direction, while
             | simultaneously eroding a lot of the diversity that once
             | existed.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > That said, it's not as if other browsers weren't
               | already making independent strides in optimisation and
               | innovation
               | 
               | Honestly I can't believe that anyone who was around when
               | Chrome came out would say this. IE7 was around, and
               | terrible. Firefox was trying hard, as was Opera, but web
               | tech has become infinitely better with Chrome around, and
               | Google funding it. Without Google funding Firefox as
               | well, Firefox would be nowhere near what it is today.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | > Codecs. VP8/9 and AV1 broke the mpeg alliance monopoly
             | and made non patented state of the art video compression
             | possible.
             | 
             | Not really. That was done more by the greed of the MPEG
             | alliance.
             | 
             | Back in the days when <video> was first proposed, VP8 was
             | required to be supported as a codec by all browsers. This
             | was removed as a requirement after Apple stated they were
             | never going to support it, but the other browsers still
             | implemented VP8 because it was codec free. Then Google
             | implemented H.264 in Chrome. Mozilla only implemented H.264
             | in Firefox after it became clear that Google's announcement
             | that they were going to rip H.264 out of Chrome was a bald-
             | faced lie, making H.264 a de facto codec requirement for
             | web browsers.
             | 
             | Having won, then the MPEG Alliance got greedy with their
             | next version. H.265 upped the prices on its license
             | agreement, and additionally demanded a cut of all streaming
             | revenue. It got worse--the alliance fragment, and so you
             | had to pay _multiple_ consortia the royalties for the codec
             | (although only one of them had the per-video demand).
             | 
             | It was in response to this greed that the Alliance for Open
             | Media was created, which brought us AV1. I don't know how
             | important Google is to the AOM, but I will note that, at
             | launch, it did contain everybody important to the web video
             | space except for Apple (which, as noted earlier, is the
             | entity that previously torpedoed the attempt to mandate
             | royalty-free codecs for web video).
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | Not supporting H.264 was arguably what caused the
               | downfall of Firefox usage. Unfortunately Mozilla didn't
               | listen.
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | > VP8/9 and AV1 broke the mpeg alliance monopoly and
             | 
             | and paved way for Google monopoly. They literally
             | threatened to pull their support from devices if devices
             | don't implement AV1 in hardware.
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | And refuse to support JPEG-XL
               | 
               | They are now no different to Microsoft with Windows
               | Media.
        
           | TiredOfLife wrote:
           | That antitrust case is what made Microsoft stop developing
           | their browser.
           | 
           | Chrome would still have won because it was force pushed by
           | google.com, every google service, every google software nad
           | large part of 3rd party software had it as bundled (checked
           | by default) install.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | > And what was Chromium based on? WebKit. And what was WebKit
           | based on? KHTML.
           | 
           | And if KHTML was as good as either WebKit or Blink, it would
           | still be a major player in the browser engine race today.
           | Except it isn't, because the corporate sponsors moved on and
           | the team behind KHTML wasn't big enough to actually compete
           | with post 2012 browsers. KHTML died, like Opera's browser
           | engine did.
           | 
           | Browsers as they exist today, exist because it was in
           | Google's interest to make the web more capable. We're about
           | to lose that. In its place, I expect a surge in apps instead.
        
             | badsectoracula wrote:
             | > it was in Google's interest to make the web more capable
             | 
             | Which incidentally also made it much more complex to
             | implement, giving Google control over the web.
        
               | ahofmann wrote:
               | This is so important to look at, when we talk about this
               | topic. I was there, 3000 years ago, when browser where
               | kind of simple software. We could go back to that state
               | and would loose almost nothing. All the complexity that
               | is now in browsers was in the operating systems at that
               | time. The millions of fronted-devs of today would just be
               | "normal" devs three decades ago. I know, that that will
               | not happen. But it helps looking through all the bullshit
               | that Google has created, where they've build and control
               | the platform (the web with chromium), that Microsoft and
               | Apple used to control (their oses).
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | FWIW i have a feeling (and it is just a feeling, not
               | something i can confirm) that the entirety of Windows 95
               | was simpler than Firefox or Chrome today :-P.
        
               | lblume wrote:
               | This is very likely true.
               | 
               | By LOC: Windows 95 is estimated to have 10-15 million
               | LOC, Chrome 30-40 million.
               | 
               | By binary size: Windows 95 took about 50 MB, Chrome
               | 200-300 MB.
               | 
               | By architecture design: the codebase of Windows 95 is
               | fairly shallow and monolithic, while Chrome is very
               | modular (think V8, Blink, WASM, sandboxes...) and uses
               | other dependencies.
        
           | asah wrote:
           | -1: this writes down the billions Google invested over many
           | years.
           | 
           | It's like saying that a modern car is hitting more than a
           | model T from 100 years ago.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | > _All the major browser innovation that has happened during
         | the last decade is because of the funding from Google towards
         | Chromium._
         | 
         | Some people think innovation mostly happens in startups, but
         | Big Corp monopolies have a unique and important role to play.
         | Bell Labs and Xerox PARC did stuff no startup has the money
         | for.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | Counterpoint: the majority of it is not really innovation, but
         | is instead it's just a rat race.
         | 
         | The web doesn't need standards evolving at the speed of light,
         | it's only happening because Google's strategy with Chrome has
         | always been to set a pace that others can't follow, not about
         | designing things right.
        
         | rajnathani wrote:
         | Firefox isn't built over Chromium.
        
         | thowawatp302 wrote:
         | Wait which innovations were these?
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | I wouldn't call turning browsers into application runtimes
         | "major innovation". Let browsers be HTML document viewers,
         | _please_. Treat JS like a macro language that doesn 't need to
         | be as close in performance to hand-written assembly as
         | possible. Not doing any form JIT at all would be a major boon
         | for security, for example.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | >I wouldn't call turning browsers into application runtimes
           | "major innovation".
           | 
           | I would call it one of the most important innovations of the
           | last 20 years. Name another true write-once-run-anywhere
           | universal VM that is installed in billions of consumer
           | devices and costs nothing. It doesn't exist. The only way the
           | entire modern software ecosystem is even possible is because
           | of the web as a platform. Literally everything else is a non-
           | portable closed proprietary stack.
        
             | grishka wrote:
             | I argue that such a thing as a "true write-once-run-
             | anywhere universal VM that is installed in billions of
             | consumer devices" is not needed in this form. It creates
             | more problems than it solves.
        
             | bigstrat2003 wrote:
             | > Name another true write-once-run-anywhere universal VM
             | that is installed in billions of consumer devices and costs
             | nothing. It doesn't exist.
             | 
             | Java certainly meets your criteria and exists. But much
             | like the person you are replying to, I consider the "modern
             | software ecosystem" to be _utter garbage_. Web browsers are
             | just a terrible user experience for applications compared
             | to the desktop. We have regressed greatly in user
             | experience, not progressed.
        
               | ramesh31 wrote:
               | >Java certainly meets your criteria and exists
               | 
               | It does not. Nothing about Java provides a sandboxed
               | runtime environment.
        
             | Zambyte wrote:
             | You don't need a VM for a "write once run anywhere"
             | environment at all. That's the whole point of high level
             | programming languages like C and Fortran. The innovation of
             | having a VM to run everything in is to be able to _compile_
             | once and run anywhere, which is only valuable to people
             | wishing to hide the source code from the people running
             | their software (malware authors).
        
         | psychoslave wrote:
         | Is that a big surprise though? If most economical resources are
         | concentrated into the exclusive control of a few entities,
         | where else could anything that requires some resources be
         | conducted?
         | 
         | Just because an entity happen to output also some positive
         | social impact doesn't mean its current global influence on
         | society is overall extremely toxic. Pablo Escobar is classic
         | example.
        
         | shafyy wrote:
         | Sounds like Stockholm Syndrome to me.
         | 
         | We simply don't know how browsers would have developed in the
         | past years if Google did not have a monopoly. However, we know
         | that monopolies are almost never good for consumers. Therefore,
         | there is a high chance that in an alternative timeline, where
         | one of the biggest and most profitable companies in the world
         | did not have a monopoly on browsers, we as consumers, would
         | have been better off.
        
           | glenstein wrote:
           | Exactly. It's like the arguments that are sometimes made to
           | that credit Genghis Kahn with creating an integration of the
           | Eurasian landmass and rolling out administrative reforms. It
           | doesn't tell us what the world could have been like if it
           | wasn't steered towards consolidation, and it doesn't even
           | pretend to morally justify the domination. It's an inevitable
           | consequence of domination that no one but you has the power
           | to roll out reforms or advancements of any type. Organic
           | progression that might have happened anyway becomes something
           | that only could have ever happened through you.
        
         | voxgen wrote:
         | The last major innovation as a product was PWA support starting
         | in 2016.
         | 
         | Browsers used to try new ideas like RSS, widgets, shared and
         | social browser sessions. Interfaces to facilitate low-friction
         | integration with the rest of your life, and to multiplex data
         | sources so that it's not a hassle to have many providers for
         | [news, entertainment, social] experiences.
         | 
         | Likely no coincidence that this innovation languished once
         | monopolies started pumping money into the ecosystem.
        
           | glenstein wrote:
           | Wholeheartedly agree. Opera. Before it pivoted to Chrome and
           | sold to Chinese investors I think was the apex example of
           | this. I will never stop singing the praises of Opera Unite,
           | which was a brilliant and potentially revolutionary way of
           | leveraging the browser for something that could have been the
           | basis of peer-to-peer web and social connection.
        
         | dumbledoren wrote:
         | > Browsers used to be one of the most critical and insecure
         | software.
         | 
         | Everything in the early 2000s was insecure and critical.
        
         | superkuh wrote:
         | >major browser innovation that has happened during the last
         | decade
         | 
         | Indeed. And since there has been nothing but bad changes to
         | HTTP and HTML in the last decade, all centered around turning
         | the web into just a means of transporting javascript
         | applications, we know who to blame. I'm still upset that Google
         | and Microsoft agents within the IETF managed to openwash and
         | push QUIC/udp through as HTTP/3.
         | 
         | It's a status quo that definitely needs changing if we're going
         | to have a web usable by human persons and not just corporate
         | persons.
        
       | quangv wrote:
       | Fuck it. Burn the boats.
        
       | errantmind wrote:
       | As someone who has used Firefox since 1.0 (~20 years ago), I
       | fully support returning Mozilla's sole focus to its users. Huge
       | amounts of 'free' money has a tendency to de-focus organizations.
        
         | andrewstuart wrote:
         | So when Mozilla fires vast numbers of people that will be
         | progress for Firefox?
         | 
         | Such a deeply weird outlook.
        
           | gitaarik wrote:
           | Well, most of the money isn't going into development anyway.
           | It's mostly just deals that make a few people rich.
           | 
           | This change will force browsers to rethink their profit
           | strategy, forcing them to become more independent. I think
           | that is a good and healthy thing.
        
             | 0dayz wrote:
             | Right so you took a look into Mozillas yearly report? And
             | saw that most of the monet just goes to a few rich folks?
             | 
             | This all sounds like how people talks about tariffs, you
             | don't know about how it work yet is so confident that you
             | do know.
        
           | TiredOfLife wrote:
           | Mozilla has squandered billions on irrelevant crap.
        
             | WalterGR wrote:
             | Examples?
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | I use and love Firefox, but Mozilla screwed up badly in their
         | funding model and now it's to late to fix it.
         | 
         | Mozilla should have take a large chunk of their yearly income
         | and put it in an endowment, as Wikipedia does. Yes, yes I know
         | Wikipedia bad, rich bastards begging for money, but they have a
         | point. You can't expect money donations and income levels to
         | remain stable forever, you need to plan for the future. Mozilla
         | could easily have had a billion dollars in the bank and if
         | invested semi-wisely that could have generated a steady
         | continual income for decades to come.
         | 
         | Mozilla apparently made no good long term plan for how they'd
         | deal with search engines cutting their funding. They tried
         | becoming a services company, but they are not a company (I mean
         | they are on paper, but they are an open source project more
         | than anything).
         | 
         | You're right money was plentiful and without people to sensibly
         | guide them they lost focus.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Mozilla has been trying to come up with a profitable business
           | model for years. VPNs, privacy masking services, their own
           | mobile OS, feed readers, you name it. Nobody is interested,
           | new attempts at making money turn into cost centers, and the
           | next attempt is burdened by the early shutdown of previous
           | attempts.
           | 
           | Every time they try something, the open source crowd cries
           | out in pain because money isn't going towards their three
           | preferred bugs instead, and the mainstream doesn't care about
           | anything Mozilla does.
           | 
           | They have made stupid decisions to be sure, and the money
           | squandered at the top is definitely infuriating, but no
           | amount of incentives or donations is going to replace the
           | money Google is handing Mozilla to get out of the antitrust
           | laws.
        
         | lioeters wrote:
         | With the reduced funding, Mozilla can fire the
         | overpaid/underperforming executives; and re-hire the tech-
         | focused people who were actually developing the browser.
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | Edge is not a white label. It has lots if cool features that
       | chrome doesn't
        
       | timewizard wrote:
       | > And the DoJ has also argued that Google should be forced to
       | sell off Chrome, forbidding Google from paying for Chrome and
       | Chromium.
       | 
       | Part of the DoJ's argument is that Google currently underinvests
       | in chrome to keep the ecosystem locked in place. Particularly
       | when compared to the insane amount of money that searches
       | initiated from Chrome bring into Google.
       | 
       | They also believe it's an attractive business and will be easy to
       | find a buyer for because of this. It's worth way more than Google
       | would let you believe. Just look at what they pay Apple to _not_
       | be in the search market.
        
       | kjeldsendk wrote:
       | The headline could also be that the browser market is finally
       | opening up to competition again.
       | 
       | OpenAI would be happy to buy it's way into the default search for
       | Firefox and the other browsers.
       | 
       | I already made it my default search engine. It makes Google look
       | old and shows just how much Google search is turned into a
       | marketplace search.
        
       | parrit wrote:
       | Microsoft and Apple can afford to keep developing a browser.
       | Hopefully FF can get money from another knowledge discovery
       | company e.g. Anthropic? OpenAI?
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | Apple has no incentive to develop a browser.
        
       | k_bx wrote:
       | I guess let's wait for Mozilla Search being a wrapper around
       | Google
        
       | fguerraz wrote:
       | This is great news! Browser editors will finally have to consider
       | their users as their customers again, not their product.
       | 
       | Mozilla is especially guilty of it, their foundation still
       | doesn't accept donations for browser development. It's time that
       | people can pay for their browser if they want to, that's the only
       | way they'll get respect.
        
         | tasuki wrote:
         | > Browser editors will finally have to consider their users as
         | their customers again, not their product.
         | 
         | Do you really think the users are going to pay for browsers?
        
           | freediver wrote:
           | Yes. We had that business model for Orion browser since day
           | one.
           | 
           | Web browser is is the most important, most intimate piece of
           | software on your computer. It is astonishing that ad-tech has
           | convinced us for so long that someone else should be paying
           | for our browser.
        
       | ec109685 wrote:
       | This is so alarmist. Whatever company buys chrome would have
       | incentives to keep investing in it.
       | 
       | Similarly if Google can't bid for search engine placement,
       | someone else will.
       | 
       | While Chrome has done great things for the web ecosystem, neither
       | Google or Apple have released a browser that can truly produce
       | apps that rival native experiences. If the keepers of the web
       | didn't have their own app stores, would that change?
        
       | bigomega wrote:
       | I hope this encourages more third-party non-tech-giant
       | compitition like the Arc and Brave browser.
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | Both based on chromium.
        
       | TheMagicHorsey wrote:
       | What's going to happen is that we are going to see browser forks
       | from places we never imagined ... like China.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | This is a tragedy.
       | 
       | I closely follow browser development and love that the pace of
       | innovation is so fast.
       | 
       | How can such an obviously bad decision be made?
       | 
       | If the big tech companies are so powerful then why is this
       | happening?
        
       | 1oooqooq wrote:
       | searching for w3c... zero results.
       | 
       | so, people here are too young or forgetful.
       | 
       | the whole reason browsers are deemed unsafe was exactly because
       | of google and Microsoft hold on standards. chrome only reason to
       | exist as a cost center on google was to undermine Microsoft on
       | these groups, the same way Microsoft was undermining google there
       | with IE.
       | 
       | everyone here is saying how google saved the internet by coopting
       | an existing open source project... and then holding back thinks
       | like cookie isolation for another couple decades. sigh.
       | 
       | interesting that google draw the same uncritical fanboyism which
       | used to be reserved for apple.
        
       | new_user_final wrote:
       | Google will sell Chrome for 100 billion and fork Chromium to
       | build Grome browser like MySQL and MariaDB. People will stop
       | using chrome when it will start to alter webpage (like edge
       | modify web content if you search chrome) and heavily track user
       | activity to feed LLM (like perplexity's browser) to serve Ad.
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | This is a good thing. It's time for a big change. Some contenders
       | are:
       | 
       | 1. A lighter browser that goes back to the early 90s, supporting
       | HTML, forms, sockets, a handful of codecs, and nothing more. The
       | newer modern features have added disproportionate security risk.
       | There are so many exploited zero-days in modern browsers that no
       | modern browser is safe.
       | 
       | 2. A chat system limiting to what AI can directly infer (in a
       | rendered sense). Usually this content is limited to
       | markdown/text/HTML and images/video, but no scripts. The AI's
       | internal representation does not render a script like a browser
       | does. Sockets can be simulated by message updates.
        
         | 0dayz wrote:
         | There already are "browsers" from the 90s you can use.
         | 
         | And which browser doesn't support html, forms and why would we
         | want to use sockets?
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Konqueror still works, as does IE11. You don't need modern
         | browsers. Most people just want them.
         | 
         | > There are so many exploited zero-days in modern browsers that
         | no modern browser is safe.
         | 
         | Interesting suggestion. Do you know how many of those zero-days
         | are related to modern features? Most of them seem to be coming
         | from "browsers are still made in C(++)" and "Javascript/CSS
         | performance optimisalisations gone wrong" that has been a risk
         | for decades now. There was that time Apple accidentally opened
         | up part of local browser storage from any website to any other
         | website, but the same bug might as well happen with something
         | as basic as cookies; we were just lucky that the bug was in
         | that weird web SQL thing from a decade and a half ago that
         | nobody uses.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | People don't want them. People want something that "just
           | works" for them to browse the web. The web is a complex mess
           | of standards that requires a complicated browser right now,
           | but does it need to be?
        
         | asadotzler wrote:
         | Wishful thinking. Fantasy.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Thanks everyone for making ChromeOS a reality, time to update
       | those CVs from Web developer to ChromeOS developer.
       | 
       | Google succeeding where Microsoft failed.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | But is that a bad thing?
       | 
       | Perhaps with 80% of their funding gone, Firefox will be forced to
       | stop wasting money on all those harebrained non browser
       | initiatives and concentrate on ... the Firefox browser.
       | 
       | And if those cash starved tiny companies that develop Safari and
       | Edge lose their Google bribes, I'm sure they'll manage alright.
       | 
       | By the way who funded KHTML? Before everyone except Firefox took
       | that code to make a browser...
        
         | kubb wrote:
         | We'll have buggy, unsafe, slow browsers with diverging
         | standards and we'll like it.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | "diverging standard" is better than Google's standard.
           | 
           | Maybe you're happy that sites have started to only work
           | properly in Chrome, but I'm not.
           | 
           | Do you know when that last happened? When they only worked in
           | Internet Explorer. I fail to see the difference.
        
             | kubb wrote:
             | Firefox is working pretty swell for me.
        
               | atoav wrote:
               | Yes, for me as well, but once a year I will encounter
               | some web page thst won"t do what it is meant to unless
               | you use chrome.
        
               | NicuCalcea wrote:
               | In half of those cases, changing your user agent to
               | Chrome magically solves all the issues.
        
               | mmsc wrote:
               | This is literally some browsers' solution. They have an
               | internal domain list and use the chrome UA for those
        
               | secondcoming wrote:
               | Firefox has been my goto browser for years but recently
               | I've noticed it screwing things up, most notable when
               | viewing source code in github. The text highlighting gets
               | broken somehow.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | Then it's GitHub fault, because hihglighting works
               | everywhere else. When has it becomes the default to blame
               | the platform because some program have bad code?
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | > I fail to see the difference.
             | 
             | You don't see any difference between Internet Explorer and
             | Chrome?
             | 
             | Did you actually ever try developing anything with IE, or
             | are you just failing to see the difference between
             | something you do see and something you failed to see?
             | 
             | It think it's pretty safe to say that Chrome is objectively
             | better than IE. Even Microsoft saw that.
             | 
             | If you want to talk about what their differences are, or
             | how important it is that they're different, then go right
             | ahead, but if you fail to see the difference, I don't think
             | you have much to contribute to this conversation from your
             | willfully self blindfolded perspective.
        
               | ifdefdebug wrote:
               | Obviously they are not talking about the difference
               | between the two browsers, but between the two situations.
               | Your post looks like you chose the least charitable
               | interpretation in order to pick a fight.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | The two situations are also totally different: Chrome has
               | been far better for the Web than IE ever was, and the
               | reason Firefox is still keeping up is that it got that
               | money from Google.
               | 
               | If we decide that Web innovation is done in the browser,
               | and it all has to move to Javascript libraries again, the
               | way we did when browser innovation stalled in the 2000s
               | and we got jQuery, so be it, I suppose.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Chrome is IE, but in reverse: https://www.quirksmode.org/
               | blog/archives/2021/08/breaking_th...
        
             | ytpete wrote:
             | It last happened with Safari when it was the overwhelming
             | majority of mobile traffic market share. That was even a
             | meme for a while in the web developer community around
             | 2010-2015 or so: "Safari is the new IE."
             | 
             | It took years for Android's growth to make it a credible
             | second browser for mobile devs to care about, and to
             | pressure Apple to catch up to web standards faster.
        
               | bornfreddy wrote:
               | > ...pressure Apple to catch up to Google's web standards
               | faster.
               | 
               | Ftfy.
               | 
               | Safari is the only brake we have in this rush towards
               | complex and unmaintainable web, with Google (the only
               | company which can afford to play this game) at the helm.
               | So no, Safari not supporting some random new feature is
               | not a bad thing.
        
             | concinds wrote:
             | That comparison has always been nonsense. People can't keep
             | pretending like ActiveX was the same thing as, say,
             | _WebMIDI_ , or that stuff like WebMIDI is Chrome's "moat".
             | Chrome simply has superior, less buggy support for basic,
             | uncontroversial web APIs, the kind that every browser maker
             | agrees on. Look at the massive gap in Interop 2025,
             | possibly the most _conservative_ Interop yet (due to Apple
             | 's constant behind-the-scenes vetoing). It's not magic.
             | Google invests more in their browser, and the Chromium
             | codebase attract more contributions from a wider variety of
             | companies. And Firefox has exponentially fewer issues than
             | Safari anyway (which is deliberate, Apple wants to cripple
             | the web and favor its App Store monopoly).
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | > Apple wants to cripple the web and favor its App Store
               | monopoly
               | 
               | While I agree that this is probably true at the BOD
               | level, the people working on the browser itself go in the
               | opposite direction. They spend a lot of effort trying to
               | actually develop a robust standard. Jen Simmons has been
               | kicking ass since she went to work on Safari and I'm here
               | for it. If she leaves or is forced out, I will be much
               | more skeptical about the pushback offered by Apple.
               | 
               | The Interop 20XX projects are a great first start and I'm
               | hopefully that feature parity will continue to increase
               | over the next few years.
        
               | kccqzy wrote:
               | I like the work and advocacy of Jen Simmons too, but
               | without the large infusion of cash (on the order of $20B)
               | from Google, why wouldn't Apple downsize the Safari team
               | and force her out?
               | 
               | I worry about the jobs of all browser devs in fact. The
               | pace of innovation in web and browser technologies will
               | significantly slow down. All browser teams are likely to
               | be downsized.
        
               | asadotzler wrote:
               | Ever hear of NaCl? Presumably not.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > Chrome simply has superior, less buggy support for
               | basic, uncontroversial web APIs, the kind that every
               | browser maker agrees on.
               | 
               | You write this with a straight face after giving WebMIDI
               | as an example.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | It may also force a minimum-connectivity standard for _all_
           | browsers (an ISO, etc.) that 's simper than existing ones.
           | Users would be the beneficiaries, not Big Tech.
        
           | ohgr wrote:
           | I fail to see how that is different to the situation today?
           | 
           | At least with less money they'll be able to fuck everything
           | up slower.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | When is the last time you heard of someone getting pwned on
           | w3m
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Good. Force a return to native apps.
        
         | abhisek wrote:
         | > But is that a bad thing?
         | 
         | Probably not a bad thing if you you believe in "antifragility".
         | The technology will improve as it should.
         | 
         | I would consider KHTML as a technology. Much like v8 and blink.
         | I have no doubt the open source technology community is capable
         | of producing great technologies with or without big tech
         | funding. But will it be able to "productize" them and drive
         | large scale adoption? I have my doubts but time will tell.
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | As a huge open source proponent I have my doubts. A big chunk
           | of the tech people out there are like sheep, that follow the
           | herd. And the herd is filled with people who look at the
           | biggest corp and just copy what they are doing/using cause
           | there must be a reason behind it.
           | 
           | Lately my feeling is more and more people realize why open
           | technology in the hand of the people is important (it is a
           | lot about trust), but I am not too optimistic that it will
           | break that dynamic.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > But will it be able to "productize" them and drive large
           | scale adoption?
           | 
           | Hopefully not. There shouldn't be a "dominant" browser in the
           | "market", there should be a huge mess of choices available.
           | If there is a "dominant" browser, corporations will cut
           | corners and target it directly. They shouldn't be able to get
           | away with that. Browser diversity means they cannot afford to
           | single out users as irrelevant and unworthy of support. They
           | should have no choice but to support them all.
        
             | wmanley wrote:
             | I read your comment to mean:
             | 
             | > There should be a huge mess of choices available because
             | it increases the cost of web development.
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | Well, one way to read "forced to not cut corners" is
               | "forced to increase cost" :-P
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | If the cost of web development goes up, either websites
               | will be more expensive, or they'll just have to be less
               | complicated. We're hoping for the latter.
        
         | kubb wrote:
         | I'm wondering, will the big G be allowed to start another
         | browser project, once they sell Chrome? Let's say Google
         | Cobalt.
         | 
         | They'd fork the open source of Chrome and get to work. After a
         | while, they'll start taking the market share (they can afford
         | to hire back the whole team).
         | 
         | Couple of years later are we in the same position? Maybe, maybe
         | not. I'm curious to see how it plays out.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | I think they might start from scratch as this gives them the
           | chance to nuke all the legacy code
        
             | rienbdj wrote:
             | Would be ironic if Google make the a 100% Rust browser
             | before Mozilla.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | Servo?
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | Servo is a rendering engine with a pretty rough reference
               | browser chrome around it. It's also not Mozilla's even
               | though it started there.
        
           | dieortin wrote:
           | AFAIK they would be forbidden from entering the browser
           | market for some years
        
         | hilbert42 wrote:
         | _" But is that a bad thing?_
         | 
         | Absolutely not. As you say, harebrained schemes would go, also
         | it'd change the browser ecosystem considerably.
         | 
         | In time that might force browsers to adopt a minimum
         | connectivity standard for _all_ browsers that would be simper
         | than those in use today. That would have many upsides for users
         | which I posted about earlier.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | > all those harebrained non browser initiatives
         | 
         | They won't, and in fact those harebrained moonshots at
         | desperately acquiring scalable revenue will only increase. The
         | money from selling the default search actually directly
         | incentivizes Mozilla to make the browser good to increase the
         | value of the ad space.
        
         | izabera wrote:
         | firefox is not remotely able to bring in enough cash to justify
         | its current development costs. see
         | https://assets.mozilla.net/annualreport/2024/mozilla-fdn-202...
         | ($12M income from contributions vs $260M spent on software
         | development, the vast majority of which is undoubtedly spent on
         | firefox). so no, mozilla cannot just drop everything else to
         | finally focus only on their browser, as that is guaranteed to
         | bankrupt the company.
        
           | margorczynski wrote:
           | > $260M spent on software development,
           | 
           | What? I know the browser is a complex piece of software but
           | considering at least part of the development is done by
           | volunteers isn't this a bit too high?
           | 
           | Maybe at least they should move a part of the operation
           | outside of HCOL areas in the US?
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | There are almost no volunteers working on web browsers
             | anymore.
        
             | dubcanada wrote:
             | 1800 ish devs from the last figure I could find. 700 ish on
             | Firefox.
             | 
             | Now there is no way 700 people actually work on Firefox
             | code. Throw in team leads, QA, dev tools, UI, specialized
             | developers like WebRTC and that number makes a little more
             | sense. But still seems inflated.
             | 
             | Most of Mozilla is already remote.
             | 
             | I mean Mozilla and Firefox should survive. But I do imagine
             | we'll lose Thunderbird and anything not Firefox related.
             | And dev will drop heavily. CEO salary of almost 7 million
             | will need to go as well.
             | 
             | It may be good for Mozilla to return to a streamlined
             | company. Rather then a bloated one as it is now.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | Almost nothing noticeable has changed with Firefox for
               | years. A couple of minor features here and there, and
               | just keeping up with standards. It does seem pretty
               | excessive. Definitely seems that Mozilla has become
               | massively wasteful and misguided over the past ~15 years.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | That's actually the point. An army of people are keeping
               | up with standards so things just work. I'm curious as to
               | what it looks like when only certain browsers are
               | maintained.
        
               | bornfreddy wrote:
               | New standards do not get adopted that easily? One can
               | dream...
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | That's one of the main problems with Google controlling
               | not only the top browser but also the rendering engine
               | behind most of the competition. They don't have to care
               | about standards at that point. When they do, it's mostly
               | to put a veneer of openness over their operations.
        
               | frabcus wrote:
               | Thunderbird is (amazingly) funded entirely by donations
               | from users. The money is hypothecated for that purpose.
               | There are so few good email clients now they get enough
               | donors.
               | 
               | Source: someone I know who works there
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Wait, you can donate for Thunderbird specifically?
        
               | AndroidKitKat wrote:
               | You can! Thunderbird lives in a separate entity outside
               | the main Mozillasphere called MZLA. I've given a few
               | times in the past and use it for personal use, but my
               | workplace recently banned Thunderbird.
               | 
               | https://www.thunderbird.net/en-US/donate/
        
             | cududa wrote:
             | Aside from a handful of individuals the only volunteers
             | doing a modicum of serious volunteer work are retirees/
             | people that don't need to work anymore or companies
             | directing their employees to make contributions for their
             | own motivations
             | 
             | You seriously underestimate the complexity of a browser if
             | you think it's a hobbies maintained thing
        
           | chippiewill wrote:
           | 100%, those hare brained schemes are Mozilla frantically
           | trying to find another revenue stream to fund Firefox so
           | they're not reliant on Google
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _firefox is not remotely able to bring in enough cash to
           | justify its current development costs_
           | 
           | Mozilla's donations are roughly equal to their CEO's
           | compensation [1][2].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.mozilla.org/en-
           | US/foundation/annualreport/2024/a... _"$7.8M in donations
           | from the public, grants from foundations, and government
           | funding" in 2023_
           | 
           | [2] https://assets.mozilla.net/annualreport/2022/mozilla-
           | fdn-990... _$6.9mm in 2022, page 7_
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | Yes, and you can't donate specifically for Firefox
             | development.
             | 
             | I don't want my donations to support the latest fashion, I
             | want them to go directly to the browser.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | If only they had set aside some funds to serve as an
           | endowment for the future.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | Around 2012 I was advocating Wikimedia should have merged
           | with Mozilla where by Wikimedia foundation would continue to
           | fund the development of Firefox.
           | 
           | But then both were rotten and massively over spend.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | > Firefox will be forced to stop wasting money on all those
         | harebrained non browser initiatives and concentrate on ... the
         | Firefox browser
         | 
         | How much money does Firefox waste on harebrained non browser
         | initiatives, compared to the Firefox browser?
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | They refuse to say don't they?
        
           | redeeman wrote:
           | I for one strongly prefer to be told how colors shape the
           | world, rather than fixing big longstanding things in the
           | issue tracker.
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | I was wondering what this refers to, and apparently it's
             | this:
             | 
             | https://blog.mozilla.org/en/uncategorized/independent-
             | voices...
        
           | Jweb_Guru wrote:
           | Mozilla spends very little on "hairebrained schemes" like
           | (for example) Rust these days compared to direct investment
           | in Firefox. Did you miss the massive layoffs that occurred
           | many years ago?
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | > Firefox will be forced to stop wasting money on all those
         | harebrained non browser initiatives and concentrate on ... the
         | Firefox browser.
         | 
         | It was the other way around. Other product like VPN, MDN Plus,
         | Pocket was a way to diversify revenue which could be channeled
         | to Firefox, although the problem is Mozilla isn't the best
         | company at making money.
        
         | rfoo wrote:
         | Yeah, I'm sure killing a major revenue stream helps an
         | organization to focus on keeping its cost center going and get
         | rid of other shots trying to bring in more revenue /s
        
         | DecoySalamander wrote:
         | Not that bad of a thing if you don't mind Mozilla closing shop
         | or pivoting to promotion of crypto scams and sports betting.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | They will be forced to stop working on the browser and let the
         | open source community do it for free.
        
         | Qwertious wrote:
         | Back in the 2000s, Microsoft wasn't wasting their desktop money
         | on harebrained schemes like porting Windows to touchscreen
         | mobile devices (or rather, it wasn't a huge priority), and then
         | Android ate their lunch.
         | 
         | Firefox spending money on harebrained schemes like FirefoxOS is
         | a _good_ thing (even if it failed), it 's how you find black
         | swans that everyone has to copy from you. Otherwise you're
         | always playing catch-up.
        
         | romankolpak wrote:
         | How do you make money by developing a web browser? You build
         | this immensely complex piece of software and then have no
         | choice but to distribute it for free. It seems like with the
         | current browser landscape the only viable business model for
         | companies building browsers is to make your money elsewhere
         | while investing some of it into the browser development.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | > Perhaps with 80% of their funding gone, Firefox will be
         | forced to stop wasting money on all those harebrained non
         | browser initiatives and concentrate on ... the Firefox browser.
         | 
         | Why the hell would they?
         | 
         | Mozilla does all the "harebrained" stuff to make money.
         | Especially to diversify their income and rely on Google less.
         | Developing Firefox is a net loss of money.
        
           | this_user wrote:
           | Is any of their stuff actually making money? It certainly
           | doesn't seem like it, and most of their products and projects
           | were complete failures, because they were getting involved in
           | things where they had no expertise like building a mobile OS.
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | From their own report [0], in 2023, they made 494M from
             | 'Royalties' and 64M from 'Subscription and Advertising
             | Revenue".
             | 
             | If I read it correctly, 'Royalties' is mostly just Google
             | paying them to be the default search engine. 'Subscription
             | and Advertising Revenue' is what people on HN refer as
             | harebrained projects, like Mozilla VPN.
             | 
             | Notably both numbers declined in 2023, and it's not clear
             | how much these subscription and advertising projects cost.
             | So we don't really know if they made a profit.
             | 
             | https://assets.mozilla.net/annualreport/2024/mozilla-
             | fdn-202...
        
         | glenstein wrote:
         | >Perhaps with 80% of their funding gone, Firefox will be forced
         | to stop wasting money on all those harebrained non browser
         | initiatives and concentrate on ... the Firefox browser.
         | 
         | Again, the whack-a-mole myth that simply won't die. I have
         | asked people about this over and over and over again over I'm
         | gonna say like the past year and a half and at this point I
         | feel pretty confident that this was kind of a mass-hallucinated
         | myth. If you try to be objective and actually look at the
         | numbers and you look at the time period over which Firefox lost
         | browser share and you look at their budgets in the time period
         | over which they engaged in side bets, the math just doesn't add
         | up. None of the side bets ever occurred at prohibitive
         | development costs, and they did not occur over a time period
         | over which Firefox's browser share crashed. There's no such
         | thing as a missing browser feature which Firefox was unable to
         | implement because they didn't have access to resources due to
         | those resources being siphoned away by sidebeds. And people
         | seem to have forgotten they're supposed to actually like make a
         | real argument about these things before simply claiming it.
         | 
         | There is a kinda-sorta real version of the argument, which is
         | that around 2016 or so, before Firefox released quantum, the
         | quality of the browser was lagging behind alternatives, and
         | they were investing significant resources in Firefox OS. That's
         | the closest to a real thing that this argument can attach to.
         | But no one making this claim even knows that no one making this
         | claim has looked at their budget, how much it costs to run a
         | VPN, or made any cause and effect connection between that and
         | other things. This is a myth that kind of got hallucinated into
         | existence by hn comment sections.
         | 
         | I do think the critique of straying from a commitment to
         | privacy is a real thing, but the narrative that they wasted
         | time and resources on side features while the core browser
         | experience deteriorated, attempts to establish a cause-and-
         | effect relationship between that and market share is not backed
         | up by any facts. And if you look at my comment history, it's
         | practically a year of pleading with people to cite any example
         | whatsoever that would substantiate this argument.
        
         | nabakin wrote:
         | I keep seeing comments on HN that misunderstand what's
         | happening with Mozilla and it's kind of frustrating.
         | 
         | Right now, if you were to take away Google's money, Firefox
         | would not be able to compete with Chromium and Safari.
         | 
         | Those 'harebrained' initiatives are attempts to find a source
         | of revenue aside from Google and are necessary to Firefox's
         | survival. So saying
         | 
         | > stop wasting money on all those harebrained non browser
         | initiatives and concentrate on ... the Firefox browser
         | 
         | completely misses the point.
         | 
         | Unless we want Firefox to die, we should understand their
         | situation and encourage this exploratory process, not hate on
         | it.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | yet another piece of technology we shall cede to china.
       | 
       | downvote if you want - if it happens, my prediction will age like
       | fine wine.
        
         | devnullbrain wrote:
         | Whereas if it doesn't happen nobody remembers your comment and
         | you suffer no social consequences. Very +EV bet.
         | 
         | Currently, it's ceded to a country hostile to mine. Great.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | I mean if the courts break it up and the funding goes away.
           | 
           | Then in a couple years after proper funding and less crazy
           | austerity elsewhere, such as in China, there will be these
           | nail-biting articles about how evil wicked China is getting
           | ahead in the browser and we need good American USA browsers
           | without ever reflecting on our own stupid yeehaw foot
           | shooting behavior that created the situation.
           | 
           | Absolute psychotic madness
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | Yellow scare strikes again!
        
       | ascorbic wrote:
       | What I'm unclear about is whether the remedies would block _any_
       | payment for search queries, or just the ones tied to default
       | placement.
        
       | L-four wrote:
       | Can we get "HTTP 402 Payment Required" working now?
        
       | dbacar wrote:
       | Billions on a web browser. So many billions. I am trying to grasp
       | that.
        
       | qnleigh wrote:
       | Will there be an appeal? How finalized is this?
        
       | devnullbrain wrote:
       | That's the point.
       | 
       | If you say browser developers need money from the search giant to
       | compete in browser development, you are saying that - _right now_
       | - you can 't compete in browser development without it.
       | 
       | That is a cartel.
       | 
       | We only have four major browsers because only four players can
       | play on a fair playing field. There are people who have been paid
       | millions to create and perpetuate this system. Web developers
       | worrying about feature development without it is their KPI. None
       | of this is a coincidence, none of this is a natural law.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | Google thinks - accurately - that the more people use the
         | internet the more money Google makes. It invests a fortune into
         | making the internet more accessible through creating better
         | browsers. There isn't anyone else willing to dump that sort of
         | money into browser development.
         | 
         | It is a bit like calling a supermarket a cartel if it relies on
         | local residents for 80% of its profits. No, the technical term
         | is they are paying customers (although in Google's case it is
         | complex and non-traditional because they are carrying the
         | financial burden on behalf of the people who click on ads and
         | there are a bunch of free riders). The odds are against a bunch
         | of alternative customers hiding in the wings waiting to pop up;
         | if they go away then they are just gone.
        
           | shafyy wrote:
           | > _It is a bit like calling a supermarket a cartel if it
           | relies on local residents for 80% of its profits._
           | 
           | This comparison does not make sense?
        
             | GlacierFox wrote:
             | Yeah, have read the segment multiple times. Can not fathom
             | a logical coherent meaning for that sentence.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | The point I'm trying to make is that we've identified the
             | prime customer of web browser development - it is Google.
             | 
             | That is like identifying the prime customers of a
             | supermarket - people who live nearby.
             | 
             | Having customers who are particularly keen or invested for
             | whatever reason does not make an enterprise a cartel.
        
               | shafyy wrote:
               | What makes Google a cartel (or rather, monopoly) in this
               | case is that they own > 80% of the browser market. Not
               | that they pay other companies so that they appear as the
               | default search engine.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | I think that is a mistaken view, but rather than argue
               | that I'll put a more interesting question. If you believe
               | that there is a cartel here and the result is that we the
               | plebs get high quality products for free, do you think
               | cartels are a bad thing? Because it seems to be all
               | upside for pretty much everyone. If this is a cartel
               | (which, again, I don't see it), we should be looking to
               | get cartels involved in food and housing.
               | 
               | Breaking up this 'cartel' is literally going to mean that
               | the best 4 web browsers won't get quite as much
               | development effort directed towards them. The plan seems
               | to be to choke them of so much development that even
               | dodgy hobbyist projects can complete. That is a low-
               | quality bar.
        
               | shafyy wrote:
               | But we don't get the high quality products for free.
               | Google is using Chrome to strenghten their market
               | dominance in other markets, such as advertising.
               | Furthermore, they are using their market power in
               | browsers to push through standards and protocols that
               | mostly benefit them.
               | 
               | Just ask yourself this: Google is one of the largest and
               | most profitable companies on Earth. They are a for-
               | profit, capitalistic company. Legally, their main duty is
               | to maximize shareholder profit. Why would they give away
               | somehting for free, if in the end, it does not benefit
               | them more than not giving it away for free?
               | 
               | Competition is always better for consumers, unless you
               | believe in a "benevolent dictator" situation (which, as
               | reality shows, also never ends well).
        
             | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
             | Nor does calling browsers dependent on Search funding a
             | cartel.
             | 
             | People expect web browsers to be provided for free, which
             | heavily complicates funding.
             | 
             | There is nothing stopping someone from making a new
             | browser. The base of Chrome is open source, you don't even
             | have to do the hard part. And distribution worldwide is
             | relatively easy, if you can give people a reason to use
             | your browser.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | How did the developement of chrome made more people use the
           | internet?
           | 
           | Some remember the time, when browsers existed before chrome
           | as well .. and I am not a ware of a uniquie chrome feature,
           | removing significant barriers.
           | 
           | But by developing the browser, they can
           | 
           | A) decide the direction where the web is heading
           | 
           | B) get direct control over peoples internet experience and
           | their data
        
             | tnh wrote:
             | There are alternate histories where the web stagnated as an
             | app development platform in favor of other ecosystems.
             | 
             | MS development slowed around IE6 after winning browser war
             | against Netscape.
             | 
             | Apple's mobile ecosystem competes successfully with web,
             | but could have gone further.
             | 
             | Chrome and Android have helped keep the web more relevant.
        
               | lblume wrote:
               | At its core, the ideals of the Web as an interoperable,
               | nearly universal platform are extremely promising. I
               | highly doubt people would prefer completely split
               | ecosystems where programs could only be accessed on
               | specific platforms.
        
             | koalaman wrote:
             | You could not watch Netflix on Linux until Chrome came
             | along.
             | 
             | You also didn't have very good security from browser
             | exploits until Chrome.
             | 
             | Chrome also made the web significantly faster to use.
             | 
             | Chrome was critical in unblocking the use of Linux on
             | desktop.
        
               | belter wrote:
               | Al Capone did a lot of good on his neighborhood...
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Chrome didn't murder anyone
        
               | belter wrote:
               | Neither did Al Capone
        
               | NetOpWibby wrote:
               | Now that's a mic drop moment
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "Chrome was critical in unblocking the use of Linux on
               | desktop."
               | 
               | Sure, but it was about more people using the internet in
               | general.
               | 
               | The very small minority using linux desktop (hello, I am
               | among them) could and did use the internet before chrome.
               | 
               | And from a technical point of view, I do love chrome dev
               | tools. But that is besides the point.
        
               | mopenstein wrote:
               | Isn't Android Linux based? The development of chrome on
               | desktop Linux have any benefits for mobile Linux?
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | The other way around.
               | 
               | "development of chrome on desktop Linux have any benefits
               | for mobile Linux?"
               | 
               | Android is the big market, that gets prime support.
               | 
               | Otherwise android and linux desktop just share the kernel
               | (and not even the same one).
               | 
               | So the developement of chrome on android probably makes
               | it a bit easier to target linux desktop, but not much.
               | 
               | (I still don't have WebGPU on my linux desktop but since
               | quite a while on my old android phone)
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Dolphin Browser was the go-to in the late 2000s for
               | Android.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | I've been using exclusively Linux on the desktop for
               | almost 10 years now. If there was an unblocker, it was
               | wine/Proton, or for laptops, NetworkManager (I remember
               | having a bit of difficulty configuring wpa_supplicant for
               | my university in 2008). I don't even have
               | Chrome/Chromium. Linux on the desktop is enough of a
               | niche/bubble still that it wouldn't surprise me if a
               | large number of other users don't have Chrome either
               | (e.g. I don't use or care about services with DRM, and
               | have it disabled in my browser). Honestly besides flexbox
               | and TLS updates I'm not sure I know of anything useful
               | that's been added to browsers in the last 20 years.
        
               | NetOpWibby wrote:
               | +1 for Wine, I didn't bother with Linux until Wine showed
               | up.
        
               | mananaysiempre wrote:
               | Uh, Wine showed up in June of 1993[1], a full month
               | _before_ the first official release of Windows NT. Not
               | necessarily in a usable form, mind you, but even now the
               | usability is heavily dependent on what specific software
               | you are trying to emulate.
               | 
               | [1] https://gitlab.winehq.org/wine/wine/-/commit/2c25c3e9
               | 442c69b...
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "Honestly besides flexbox and TLS updates I'm not sure I
               | know of anything useful that's been added to browsers in
               | the last 20 years."
               | 
               | Wasm and webgl/webGPU are really useful for anything
               | performance related.
        
               | raudette wrote:
               | Yeah - I think the big problems are solved, and then you
               | start moving into more and more niche cases. I really
               | love being able to flash firmware on ESP32 devices with
               | webserial!
               | 
               | The use of USB authentication devices (FIDO2) is also
               | interesting.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | Easily over 99% of what I use a browser for are
               | essentially static pages, so wasm and especially webgpu
               | strike me as extremely niche. Like it's cute that you can
               | run quake in a browser, but I can also just open my start
               | menu and launch quake. For actual web usage (looking up
               | information, shopping, paying my bills, bank transfers,
               | stock trades, etc.), simple, static html is the high
               | performance approach.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Google maps or other map applications are a pretty
               | mainstream feature.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | In a browser/on the desktop? I would think everyone would
               | use a dedicated application, probably on their phone. For
               | Linux users in particular, I would be unsurprised if they
               | use OsmAnd. Maps also shouldn't require webgpu or wasm.
               | e.g. XForms made something like a scrollable map
               | application trivial to develop years before wasm was a
               | thing[0]. That shows what _could_ have been a browser
               | improvement if W3C standards were still relevant. Google
               | maps of course predates those things by over a decade.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yYY7GJAbOo
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | If I want to use google maps, or find a new home - I am
               | not browsing maps with my phone. I use a big screen.
               | 
               | With the browser.
               | 
               | And most real estate sites also do have a map for
               | example.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | That still sounds relatively niche/doesn't really
               | disagree with my statement that easily over 99% of web
               | usage is not something like that. How often are you
               | finding a new home? Map widgets also shouldn't really be
               | a performance concern; they were doable 15-20 years ago
               | (i.e. with much weaker hardware and no webasm/webgpu).
               | 
               | Something like improved forms with validations and
               | databinding would be useful for actual easier document
               | authoring. Built-in charts (line graphs, pie charts, etc.
               | with baked in support for legends and axes) would also be
               | generically useful in the way that tables were. Flexbox
               | was useful for layouts, but otherwise we instead got
               | pushes for more scripting performance to cover up the
               | impact of mass surveillance and more ways to leak data
               | about the underlying system to conduct that surveillance.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "How often are you finding a new home?"
               | 
               | Too often.
               | 
               | " Map widgets also shouldn't really be a performance
               | concern"
               | 
               | Have you ever build one?
               | 
               | I hate those stuttering ones build by suckers and enjoy
               | those that just run smooth GPU accelerated.
               | 
               | Also I frequently encounter maps on various sites.
               | 
               | The tracking service for my package. The shop showing me
               | the nearest stores. A map with points of niche interest
               | ..
        
               | fireflash38 wrote:
               | And they've been working quite well with not all that
               | much in ways of improvement for years, if not decades.
               | What's the last huge improvement in maps thats been
               | noticeable to users in the last 5 years?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _the technical term is they are paying customers (although
           | in Google 's case it is complex and non-traditional because
           | they are carrying the financial burden on behalf of the
           | people who click on ads and there are a bunch of free
           | riders)_
           | 
           | Not the fact that Google is the one doing the paying?
        
           | Qwertious wrote:
           | I'm wondering which local residents didn't eat food before
           | supermarkets existed.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | The vast majority since according to Wikipedia the first
             | supermarket was in the 1930s, and thus very few were born
             | before that. I know that I personally have never lived
             | someplace where most of my food didn't come from a
             | supermarket.
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | That's not correct. Google believes the more people use its
           | search engine the more money it makes from ads. That's
           | correct.
           | 
           | So it monopolizes the distribution platforms for search
           | engines.
           | 
           | The easier analogy here is an oil monopolist paying off all
           | the tanker and rail and pipeline companies so nobody else can
           | get oil to customers, and then splitting the massive profits
           | with the shippers.
           | 
           | By the way this example actually happened and is the origin
           | of the term "antitrust" which is the area of law that Google
           | was found guilty of violating by multiple judges. So the
           | analogy is right on the nose.
        
         | secondcoming wrote:
         | Is it a cartel or is it a fact that writing a fully specs-
         | compliant browser is a huge undertaking due to the complexity
         | of everything?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Maybe we can finally reduce some of the absurd complexity
           | then?
        
           | citrin_ru wrote:
           | The complexity is enormous but isn't google employees are
           | active on various standards committees? Google benefit from
           | the complexity because it ensures there will be less
           | competing browsers.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | A lot of the complexity stems from backwards compatibility.
             | 
             | Also I seriously doubt there is any conspiracy here!
             | 
             | (opinions are my own)
        
               | citrin_ru wrote:
               | It is not necessary a conspiracy. It's just google had
               | (and still has) no incentives to keep web ecosistem
               | simple and accessible to browser developers, while making
               | it harder perfectly aligns with google's interests.
        
             | gwillen wrote:
             | I think Google basically _is_ the standards committees, at
             | this point. Not in the sense of having majority control
             | just by themselves, but in the sense of (1) the cartel
             | being argued over here (browsers funded by Google) having
             | that or close to it, and (2) Chrome being the main source
             | of new features getting implemented, so that the job of the
             | standards committees is mostly to play catch-up with
             | Chrome.
        
           | deeThrow94 wrote:
           | At what point does the complexity of the browser cross a line
           | to being anticompetitive?
        
           | Qwertious wrote:
           | With sufficient funding and scope creep, _everything_ is a
           | huge undertaking.
        
           | badsectoracula wrote:
           | > Is it a cartel or is it a fact that writing a fully specs-
           | compliant browser is a huge undertaking due to the complexity
           | of everything?
           | 
           | And who made the specs so stupidly complex in the first
           | place?
           | 
           | Back in early 2000s you could visit pretty much every site
           | using a KHTML-based browser and that was written by a handful
           | of KDE devs.
        
             | Someone1234 wrote:
             | We did.
             | 
             | I certainly peacock every time the new latest greatest
             | [thing] is added to the spec, and am certainly not shy
             | about using those features. There is a handful of misses,
             | but it feels a little dishonest to point the finger
             | squarely at Google when HN in particular lights up like a
             | Christmas tree with every new feature.
             | 
             | Want me to link to our discussion(s) about the new browser
             | DateTime library - Temporal? Or what about Streams, Pattern
             | Matching, Subgrid, Container Queries, color-mix, et al. We
             | ask for this stuff, and we're thrilled when it arrives.
             | Seems hypocritical to then turn around and complain that
             | they're making the browsers "too complicated."
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | Well, HN isn't really of a unified opinion on the matter
               | - you'll find as many people complaining about browser
               | complexity as people who love these features. The thing
               | is, only one choice between having them or not would make
               | it harder to create new browsers.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >would make it harder to create new browsers.
               | 
               | Blink and v8 are open source. You don't even need to
               | implement the spec yourself. New browsers can piggy back
               | off open source (which is what Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc
               | also did) to help making a browser easier.
        
           | troupo wrote:
           | > due to the complexity of everything?
           | 
           | Google pushes over 400 new web APIs per year, often with no
           | true specs and with no input or consensus from other browser
           | vendors.
           | 
           | So. Who is responsible for complexity?
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm not even a web dev, but even I can see that
             | Google wants to make the web stack ever more complicated
             | and is has been good at getting what it wants.
             | 
             | I always thought they do that to make it more expensive for
             | anyone to compete with them. E.g., want to introduce a new
             | operating systems for phones? No one will use it unless it
             | has a web browser. So you have to hire a thousand expensive
             | developers to create and maintain the browser (or maybe
             | somehow induce Mozilla to port Firefox to it, which would
             | probably also be expensive).
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | They also do it depending on who wins internal turf wars.
               | When Chrome/ChromeOS wins, we get a hundred hardware
               | APIs.
               | 
               | When ads win (they always win) we get FLOC and other
               | bullcrap.
               | 
               | etc.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | I don't think there would be demand for extraneous web
               | APIs if the native ones were a good enough replacement.
               | Kinda feels like the fault of OEMs for driving people to
               | the web for good content.
        
               | acka wrote:
               | Sounds very similar to the practice of "Embrace, extend,
               | and extinguish".
        
           | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
           | They literally giveaway the base of Chrome for free under one
           | of the most permissive licenses out there, a new browser
           | doesn't even have to start from scratch.
        
             | secondcoming wrote:
             | Hardly cartel behaviour then
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | How is this a cartel?
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | It has some cartel-like aspects but lacks others, probably
           | because the software industry has a unique structure in which
           | there are nearly no distribution costs.
           | 
           |  _Cambridge Dictionary: A cartel is a group of similar
           | independent companies or countries that join together to
           | control prices and limit competition. It involves restricting
           | output, controlling prices, and allocating market shares._
           | 
           | Group of similar but independent companies (check) that join
           | together to control prices (no, but they do join together to
           | control the web in other ways), and limit competition (yes,
           | by constantly adding features to HTML whilst market dumping
           | they prevent competitors from arising). It involves
           | restricting output (not in the literal sense, does apply if
           | you consider the synchronized way they implement standards),
           | controlling prices (yes, forcing them to zero instead of the
           | natural market rate), and allocating market shares (yes, if
           | you consider iOS browser restrictions).
        
             | ndr42 wrote:
             | I remember that apple, google, ms had some anti-poaching
             | agreements in place, while not directly related it seems
             | that that is also pattern of cartels to have informal
             | agreements that hinders competition.
        
             | YetAnotherNick wrote:
             | But they are not joining together in any way. In fact they
             | have transactional relationship which is opposite of
             | cartel.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | They all have contracts with Google, work on the same
               | shared specifications and in the case of most browser
               | companies, work on the same shared codebase. That would
               | count as a joining together for the purposes of cartel
               | law.
        
         | firecall wrote:
         | "A cartel is a group of independent market participants who
         | collude with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with
         | each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the
         | market. A cartel is an organization formed by producers to
         | limit competition and increase prices by creating artificial
         | shortages through low production quotas, stockpiling, and
         | marketing quotas. Jurisdictions frequently consider
         | cartelization to be anti-competitive behavior, leading them to
         | outlaw cartel practices."
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel
         | 
         | I don't agree that the current situation in the browser market
         | fits the definition of a Cartel, as I understand it! :-)
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | Not sure I agree. The "price fixing" aspect could be about
           | ads, after all- and none of the major browsers are neutral in
           | this.
           | 
           | Manifest v3 for example, and various standards that make
           | fingerprinting easier.
        
           | Tarq0n wrote:
           | The more appropriate term is an oligopoly.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopoly
        
             | popcorncowboy wrote:
             | Or perhaps even racketeering.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeering
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | If the article is true, it would be _worse_ than a cartel, it
           | would be effectively a monopoly with a few sockpuppet
           | competitors.
           | 
           | In an actual cartel or oligopoly, you'd expect at least the
           | cartel members be relatively equal in power. But if the
           | article is right, then Google has basically _all_ the power
           | to decide the course of web tech going forward, as the other
           | browsers devs can 't meaningfully deviate from whatever
           | vision Google has for the web, without risking their funding.
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | Of course it's a cartel. They agree not to compete with each
           | other in online search advertising, one company collects the
           | monopoly profits and then distributes them to the other
           | cartel members.
           | 
           | It's textbook.
        
         | rolandog wrote:
         | I think we're at an awkward place where governments worldwide
         | have been slow to understand the importance of the global
         | infrastructure that has sprouted, largely due to open source
         | software...
         | 
         | Given that browsers are essential to access information, I
         | think they shouldn't be developed behind a business model, but
         | rather as part of a global digital infrastructure fund.
         | 
         | There should be some independence guarantees in order to make
         | that organization not have to bow to pressure from governments
         | to sacrifice privacy due to funding threats.
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | Could it possibly be that governments are perfectly ok with
           | restricting and controlling browsers as this allows them far
           | greater control?
        
             | ffsm8 wrote:
             | Sure, but they're not doing that either?
             | 
             | It's Google that's in control of Chrome and sponsors it's
             | competitors, not the government.
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | How separarate do you think google are from the
               | governance system? Are you aware that their early funding
               | was from in-q-tel?
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | Okay, given your theory that Google control equals
               | government control... Wouldn't the anti trust now be
               | against their interest of controlling the browsers?
               | 
               | You seem to have a very contradictory opinion
        
               | gymbeaux wrote:
               | You have to admit (in the U.S.) companies have
               | significant power over the government.
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | As far as I can see, nobody said anything that could
               | conceivably be interpreted to imply otherwise, so sure?
               | 
               | I am really unsure what your argument even is, gymbeaux -
               | and how it relates to verisimi's previous point. You're
               | not trying to argue that it was Google's masterplan all
               | along to get the anti-trust ruling, right?
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | I'm not privy to the plan, but what was right at one
               | stage (funding a company to gain a monopoly position on
               | search) need not be right at a later stage. Perhaps now a
               | different strategy is unfolding. Perhaps it is obvious
               | that government and corporations work in tandem, and the
               | optics require that it appears that government acts
               | against monopolists to regain confidence.
        
           | mlrtime wrote:
           | Is there any model or example where this "global digital
           | infrastructure fund" exists?
        
             | twiss wrote:
             | Depending on how you define "global",
             | https://www.sovereign.tech/programs/fund might qualify:
             | 
             | > With the Sovereign Tech Fund, we invest globally in the
             | open software components that underpin Germany's and
             | Europe's competitiveness and ability to innovate.
             | 
             | Not globally funded, but does invest globally.
             | 
             | However, they say:
             | 
             | > The Sovereign Tech Fund invests in _open digital base
             | technologies_ that are vital to the development of other
             | software or enable digital networking. We invest in
             | projects that benefit and strengthen the open source
             | ecosystem. Examples include libraries for programming
             | languages, package managers, open implementations of
             | communication protocols, administration tools for
             | developers, digital encryption technologies, and more.
             | (...) We are currently _not_ looking for user-facing
             | applications, such as messaging apps or file storage
             | services. If this changes, we will announce it here.
             | 
             | So, a browser wouldn't qualify, but an HTTP(S) library
             | does, and perhaps even a browser engine would..?
        
               | delroth wrote:
               | There are several other programs like STF funded by the
               | EU (often mediated via NLNet), and for example Servo gets
               | some amount of its funding via NGI (an EU Commission
               | initiative): https://nlnet.nl/project/Servo/
        
               | GoblinSlayer wrote:
               | Edge exposes its engine to be used in other programs like
               | Skype.
        
               | twiss wrote:
               | Edge no longer has its own engine, it's based on Chromium
               | now. When it did, it also wouldn't qualify for STF
               | funding because it wasn't open source.
               | 
               | But yes, a browser engine is potentially an embeddable
               | library, so an open source one might qualify :)
        
             | karlgkk wrote:
             | You ever noticed how the majority of Linux desktop related
             | companies are european?
             | 
             | That's not an accident. So yes, there's precedence
        
               | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
               | If we're talking about commercial desktop products, is it
               | really a majority?
               | 
               | Canonical is UK-based.
               | 
               | I can think of Suse but even that changed hands several
               | times through a bunch of US companies.
               | 
               | Red Hat/Fedora, PopOS, Chrome OS etc. all are not
               | european
        
           | pseudocomposer wrote:
           | I agree in ways, but I think a single global fund is a bit
           | far-reaching and over-centralized, thus prone to corruption.
           | I think it would make sense for, say, the US, EU, and BRICS
           | (with maybe China as a separate entity) to each have open-
           | source funds for OSS digital infrastructure, and cooperate on
           | global web standards. So if one fund goes rogue/corrupt or is
           | crippled by Republican-types, the world still has two (or
           | three) backups.
        
             | PontifexMinimus wrote:
             | This is a very sensible proposal, that would guarantee
             | essential tools, and would cost a very small fraction of
             | the respective countries economies.
        
             | specproc wrote:
             | Having worked in the non-profit space my whole career, I've
             | always thought having government funding for OSS would be a
             | great use of money. It's a really underutilised resource.
             | 
             | States invest in cultural production, e.g. by film grants,
             | software grants would be a great way to attract talent and
             | solve problems.
        
           | whywhywhywhy wrote:
           | >but rather as part of a global digital infrastructure fund.
           | 
           | How do you ensure it's not just laundering money with little
           | or no work into the problem.
           | 
           | I think it's messed up Google essentially funds all browsers
           | but putting it in the hands of politicians isn't going to
           | help, would be better to try and have more companies funding
           | it so at least the dependency on Google is less.
        
             | moomin wrote:
             | Maybe ask the Linux Foundation how they do it?
        
               | GoblinSlayer wrote:
               | or W3C
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | The Linux Foundation is funded by a large number of
               | companies for which Linux is very critical to them. These
               | companies themselves have their own developers.
        
               | njarboe wrote:
               | For lots of companies (most?), web browsing is critical
               | to them. Amazon could fund browser companies. Brave
               | exists. Is Opera still around?
        
           | rs999gti wrote:
           | > but rather as part of a global digital infrastructure fund
           | 
           | Sounds like a backdoor way to add a kill switch or censor
           | filter to browsers from a central, unelected authority that
           | does not respect the sovereignty and speech and media laws of
           | the individual users' home countries.
           | 
           | No thanks, I'll take an open source, corporate controlled
           | browser 10/10 times.
        
             | nancyminusone wrote:
             | I'm not exactly sure why I should find a corporate entity
             | any less centralized or unelected or not respectful of
             | rights than a government
        
               | mixedCase wrote:
               | Governments are elected every now and then by large sums
               | of people as a package deal for handling a number of
               | issues, and only one is in place. Products and companies
               | exist in multiples and regardless of how big they are,
               | they're still more targeted, and you the consumer get to
               | choose directly and every day.
        
               | gspencley wrote:
               | > I'm not exactly sure why I should find a corporate
               | entity any less centralized or unelected or not
               | respectful of rights than a government
               | 
               | Because corporate entities and government entities
               | operate under radically different frameworks.
               | 
               | The domain of government is force. This isn't a bad
               | thing, it is necessary. Government is the recognition
               | that we, as human beings, can interact with each other in
               | two fundamental ways: force or reason/diplomacy. That
               | when reason/diplomacy is chosen life flourishes. People
               | create, produce, trade, freely associate and basically
               | build civilization. When force is chosen you get war,
               | destruction, poverty, misery.
               | 
               | Government's primary role in society, in my opinion, is
               | to remove the element of force from civil existence so
               | that all interpersonal relations are consensual (there
               | are edge cases - the parent/child relationship or the
               | extremely ill etc. but I need to scope cap somewhere).
               | 
               | The concept of rights derives directly from this concept.
               | They are the recognition that rational people can
               | cooexist peacefully if certain aspects of the human
               | experience are recognized and protected. Those aspects
               | being that in order to survive as a human being your
               | tools are reason and action; you need to be able to think
               | freely and you need to be able to act in accordance with
               | your rational judgements. The infringement of a person's
               | rights is fundamentally interference in either the
               | ability to think (freedom of expression / conscience) or
               | the ability to act (freedom to own and acquire property,
               | freedom to travel, freedom of association etc.)
               | 
               | This means that government's entire domain is force. It
               | is the entity that gets to determine the rules around
               | when the application of force is allowed. It is the
               | entity that gets to step in when you and I can't agree on
               | what the definition of "assault" is and one of us calls
               | the cops.
               | 
               | Businesses ought to exist entirely outside of the domain
               | of force. Business is what happens when you remove force
               | from society and people are able to think, create,
               | develop, produce and trade freely without gangs and
               | thieves and thugs interfering.
               | 
               | Where things get blurry is when you marry government and
               | business. But always remember that business operates
               | under the rules that government creates. The more
               | incentive there is for business to care about political
               | policy, the more lobbyists and corporate interest groups
               | you will create but that's the framework you're creating.
               | Government forces it through laws. Business is just
               | playing by the rules that you voted for.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | You don't need a global infrastructure fund. We already know
           | that projects can be run where people and groups come
           | alongside each other in the context of an open source license
           | and work together. Some people will create "releases" of this
           | project, and some of them will become more and less popular
           | over time, but we don't have to have any one global entity
           | blessing any particular team or aspect of development.
           | 
           | Look to how the Linux kernel is developed, and look to its
           | full history, including forks large and small, alternate
           | releases for alternate reasons, alternate releases by
           | different people and teams, and so on. It's not a
           | hypothetical, it's the organization of one of the largest
           | software projects in the world.
           | 
           | And it's a good thing we don't need a global fund, because
           | trying to start at such a high level is basically asking for
           | this to take the next 15 years to even get started. By
           | contrast, anyone can start a new fork of Chromium or Firefox
           | today... which, again, is not just me theorizing, but is a
           | thing that has _happened_ , several times over. Making it so
           | "getting started" is something that can happen in a
           | distributed fashion without having to get some "global"
           | organization to sign off or be created is superior, which is
           | sort of softballing it a bit because it's honestly the
           | difference between _possible_ and _impossible_.
           | 
           | If someday that develops into a "global organization" or some
           | set of such, hey, that's fine. But trying to get "someone
           | else" to _start_ it at that level... and it has to be
           | "someone else" since none of us could even hardly start doing
           | that ourselves... is impractical to the level of impossible.
        
             | dayvid wrote:
             | There's too much money on the line if there is a lack of
             | standardization and rendering/features are all over the
             | place. I don't think it will turn that way as most users
             | will converge on a small number of browsers.
             | 
             | If there is no global infra fund, there will be some type
             | of ad-hoc board composed of some independent entities, but
             | a lot of entities backed by large businesses. If not US
             | then other countries as in many countries there are large
             | tech companies aligned with government interests.
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | Be careful, there's some people who actively don't understand
           | what a public good is and are hostile to it very existence,
           | let alone suggesting a government could practically ensure
           | it's viability.
           | 
           | They're also completely blind deaf and dumb to modern society
           | having never had to suffer.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | > That is a cartel.
         | 
         | Wikipedia says:
         | 
         | > A cartel is a group of independent market participants who
         | collude with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with
         | each other[1] in order to improve their profits and dominate
         | the market. A cartel is an organization formed by producers to
         | limit competition and increase prices by creating artificial
         | shortages through low production quotas, stockpiling, and
         | marketing quotas. Jurisdictions frequently consider
         | cartelization to be anti-competitive behavior, leading them to
         | outlaw cartel practices.
         | 
         | What you are alleging sounds bad, but it doesn't sound like a
         | particularly good match for the term 'cartel'.
        
           | fHr wrote:
           | Classic nitpick to be fair it's almost a cartel but because
           | it is not fitting 100% it's not. Do you work at one of these
           | companies by any chance?
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Not all things we dislike are the same. The same in
             | politics: people there often have the tendency to call
             | everyone they dislike either a Nazi or a communist. Totally
             | ignoring that there are many, many different and exciting
             | varieties of bad.
             | 
             | I used to work for Google for a few years for what it's
             | worth.
        
         | fifilura wrote:
         | Pretty sure that Opera and most likely e.g. Vivaldi also has
         | this kind of deal.
         | 
         | If they do it, there would be no reason, other than
         | administrative, for Google to hold this money back to only a
         | handful of vendors.
         | 
         | I think that weakens the cartel argument.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | Can anyone tell me a browser that does not depend on being
         | funded by google?
        
           | NetOpWibby wrote:
           | Orion by Kagi
        
           | bradleyankrom wrote:
           | Orion from Kagi is not bad, but it has enough quirks that I
           | only use it for personal browsing, not work (dev-related)
           | stuff.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | Thanks, it is still in beta as well, but I will give it a
             | try.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | Safari. Servo. Ladybird. Flow.
        
             | ImJamal wrote:
             | Apple gets money from Google for the default search engine.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Apple monetizes safari but it's certainly not reliant on
               | Google for its continued existence.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | Edge.
        
         | welfare wrote:
         | It's more of an oligopoly than a cartel to be honest. It's more
         | like how the telco industry operates. High barriers to entry
         | with generous subsidies and incentives for the existing few
         | providers.
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | It sounds to me that Google started this payment scheme
         | precisely to avoid anti-trust legislation.
         | 
         | By propping up competitors, Google could always point and say
         | "Look, there's the competition and they're thriving. How can we
         | be a monopoly?"
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | Alternative stance:
         | 
         | Google has made sure that _nobody_ can implement a browser with
         | hostile takeovers the "standards" committees and pushing the
         | standards solely in the direction of corporate interests,
         | bypassing consumer interests. The whole point was to make them
         | so complicated it would be impossible for someone without an
         | insane budget to implement one.
         | 
         | Proof of this is the whole advertising sandbox crap... what the
         | hell does an HMTL Client "need" an advert sandbox for?
         | 
         | Breakups are painful. Ultimately they're better for everyone.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | I have been wondering if we could have a much much simpler
           | subset of HTML / CSS and JS.
           | 
           | Or May be even a new standard that compiles into HTML / CSS /
           | JS. A standard that fits most uses cases and is simpler to
           | implement.
        
           | gtf21 wrote:
           | I think I share the same opinion: I think this is going to be
           | a very painful break with the previous paradigm, but a much
           | needed one, and that actually this version of the current
           | paradigm is quite bad: browsers only survive when Google pays
           | them money.
           | 
           | Instead this will put all browsers on a much more even
           | playing field, and perhaps it will force governments and
           | citizens to realise that free software takes someone to write
           | it.
        
         | zeroq wrote:
         | Say what you want, but I genuinely miss the comfort of working
         | with Flash where you had a single target and you knew that
         | whatever you see on the screen right now will be exactly the
         | same for every single user, ever, despite on whatever device
         | they will be viewing your project.
         | 
         | I earned my first money for "web developement" in '99, and as
         | much I understand underlying dynamics, I - as a user but mostly
         | as a developer - really enjoy the current phase and I really
         | liked that brief period when IE was the browser.
        
           | taftster wrote:
           | Are mobile apps the equivalent of that experience today?
           | Cross-platform SDKs for mobile devices have been around for
           | awhile. This might be the closest equivalent to a Flash
           | application?
        
         | mattmcknight wrote:
         | It's bizarre to suggest this. They don't need Google's money to
         | compete in browser development. The hard part is competing with
         | a free product. If someone comes up with another way to offer
         | the browser for free, or offer features that make someone want
         | to pay, they can compete. Chromium is already open source.
         | Moving Chrome out of Google does nothing that benefits anyone.
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | Microsoft isn't exactly a garage startup - and they weren't
           | just dethroned by Google, they actively tried to compete and
           | gain back ground afterwards, building an entirely new browser
           | in the process (pre-Chrome Edge) and offering it for free.
           | 
           | All for nothing, in the end even they had to give up and
           | switch to white-label Chromium.
        
             | mattmcknight wrote:
             | I am not sure they had to give up, but my initial
             | experiences with Edge weren't great. There are some
             | interesting claims of bad behavior on Google's part, but I
             | wasn't only seeing problems on Google properties.
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18697824
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | > All for nothing, in the end even they had to give up and
             | switch to white-label Chromium.
             | 
             | How is that a loss? All Microsoft wants is a controlled
             | space to push their own products/services. Google gave them
             | a tool to do just that for free. Microsoft would absolutely
             | be writing its own (probably worse) browser if Google
             | wasn't so generous to give them on without Microsoft having
             | to incur any development cost.
        
           | troyvit wrote:
           | I think offering a simple web browser for free isn't that
           | difficult. That was in place since the 20th century. What
           | will be hard is continuing to develop a web browser that
           | matches the feature set of a browser whose advanced
           | functionality is propped up by the most extractive industry
           | in modern times. That industry has a purpose in funding these
           | advanced features, and while it has opened up a lot of power
           | for individuals it has come at a great cost.
        
         | xhrpost wrote:
         | Anyone remember when you could buy a physical copy of Netscape
         | Navigator off a store shelf? I personally feel in this weird
         | position where I don't want to pay for software and expect it
         | for free but maybe not fully grasping that "free" software
         | (particularly from for-profit companies) still comes at a cost.
         | Trying to make myself more open to paying for good software
         | again. Unfortunately the subscription model everyone is moving
         | to doesn't make that easier.
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | Three. Edge is a chrome rebadge, it's not actually different in
         | the way webkit (somewhat) and gecko (very) are.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | > That is a cartel.
         | 
         | Never heard of a cartel that gives its product (and the
         | ingredients to make it) away for free to anyone including their
         | direct competitors.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | I read of a lot of complaints that web standards are too
         | complicated.
         | 
         | This is absolutely true if you simply want a web browser to be
         | a document reader.
         | 
         | Thankfully (in my opinion) the modern browser is realizing the
         | dream to "reduce Windows to a buggy set of device drivers".
        
       | gloosx wrote:
       | Let's be honest: neither Apple needs $18 billion a year, nor does
       | Mozilla need $450 million annually to develop a web browser.
       | Microsoft or Apple could afford 100 lives of browser development
       | without a Google penny. And Mozilla corp was already making
       | millions in "Royalties" 20 years straight.
       | 
       | Yes, Mozilla would probably lose those royalties, but at this
       | point browsers are good. Not a single browser needs a billion $
       | development budget each year to keep working - it is stable,
       | fast, feature-complete. No one's asking for major changes
       | anymore. Keeping them running doesn't require billion-dollar
       | budgets, and we can probably use latest Chromium build for free
       | forever even if random asteroid destroyed the whole Google HQ
       | tomorrow.
       | 
       | But of course -- we are devastated. A few corporate bozos lost
       | billions, others now need to figure out where to burn them next.
       | Very sad. Not a dry eye in the house.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | The main inhibitor of browsers advancing was not lack of
         | funding, but lack of will.
         | 
         | It would be relatively straightforward to make web browsers
         | competitive with Java/Swift mobile apps, but 2 specific
         | companies would lose a lot of money on it.
        
           | gloosx wrote:
           | Lack of will is a lack of purpose, and the purpose of these
           | companies is profit, easy to follow.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Google has actively developed an entire UI framework for
           | mobile applications that compiles directly into HTML+WASM.
           | They want the browser to be competent, because a competent
           | browser can attract money iOS users would otherwise spend on
           | App Store fees.
           | 
           | I don't see how it would be "relatively straightforward" to
           | make web browsers competitive if Chrome barely manages to
           | keep up. There's a _lot_ of money going into making Chrome an
           | alternative to the Android/iOS/macOS/Windows SDK, to the
           | point where modern GUI applications have thrown out native
           | controls and just render everything to a browser window
           | instead.
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | Maybe you are right, but sone things I really dislike are:
             | 
             | - Getting rid of native SQLite in Chrome (Firefox was
             | forced to follow), with the main reason is that ,,there are
             | no 2 different implementations, all browsers use the
             | same''.
             | 
             | - While there is file system implementation, there's no
             | mmap, so there is no fast app start (just have SQLite with
             | mmap, nothing fancy).
             | 
             | - No file system persistency guarantee, the OS can just
             | wipe out the data
             | 
             | - All the persistent page APIs are just super hard to use
             | compared to simple HTML/javascript/css as they are in a
             | different process and need communication...it's
             | overcomplicated instead of embracing a simple page as an
             | app as an option as well.
             | 
             | You are right that WASM is a great improvement, and file
             | system API is slowly coming back (still I'm not sure about
             | mmap API which is crucial for fast app startup), but I'm
             | talking about what was possible 10 years ago then reversed.
        
               | streptomycin wrote:
               | > Getting rid of native SQLite in Chrome (Firefox was
               | forced to follow), with the main reason is that ,,there
               | are no 2 different implementations, all browsers use the
               | same''.
               | 
               | You have that backwards, it was Mozilla arguing against
               | WebSQL (and never implementing it in Firefox in the first
               | place) and Google was arguing for it.
               | 
               | I agree with your point about file system persistence,
               | that is probably the biggest limitation in web apps
               | compared to native apps today. However again it was
               | Google arguing in favor of the File System Access API
               | (letting web apps read/write normal files) and
               | Mozilla/Apple arguing against it and only supporting a
               | neutered version (fake hidden files that the browser can
               | delete whenever it wants).
        
               | xiphias2 wrote:
               | Great, thanks for correcting me on the details
        
       | eviks wrote:
       | > The laws intended to foster competition will inadvertently
       | destabilize the foundational tools millions rely on to access the
       | internet.
       | 
       | So where is the contradiction? Did the author forget that
       | "stabilization" of an anti-competitive market dynamic does _not_
       | foster competition? And destabilizing anti-competitive is pro-
       | competitive?
        
       | red_admiral wrote:
       | If I were working at Mozilla, I'd be refreshing my CV right now.
       | 
       | The Firefox team is in an unenviable position. They need money to
       | pay their staff, they're reliant on a single source that's about
       | to dry up, and their userbase is as far as I can tell heavily
       | biased towards techy types who don't want integration with Pocket
       | and similar.
       | 
       | I'd personally like to see something like Supermium gain market
       | share, especially for 'techies' - built on Chromium but (if
       | possible) keeping support for Manifest V2.
        
       | roschdal wrote:
       | What are the opportunities now for browser forks and browser
       | development?
        
       | phartenfeller wrote:
       | I think browsers are in the best state to slow down their
       | development rate. They have come so far, it is the most
       | uniquitous application ecosystem nowadays. Even though there are
       | still great developments currently, they are rather niche and it
       | would be way more damaging if it slowed down 10 years ago. Maybe
       | financial constraints also have a positive side. TL;DR the web
       | ecosystem has matured a lot.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | I think the 80% argument exactly demonstrated why intervention is
       | needed. This is no longer a productive competitive market. It's a
       | monopoly with sockpupets propped up as 'competitors'.
        
       | fifilura wrote:
       | I don't get it. Can someone explain this so a child could
       | understand?
       | 
       | I can understand how Google has used their dominant search engine
       | position to push Chrome. A lot has been said about that. Also in
       | the Microsoft case for setting IE as default browser in Windows.
       | 
       | But I don't understand why it should be forbidden for Google to
       | pay other browser vendors for directing searches to them. That
       | just seems like well functioning market economy.
       | 
       | Is it for paying extra to be default? Is that worth 5x the money
       | in the contract? Or is it just that they are paying too much -
       | more than it is worth - to allow the competition to stay, in
       | order to not become a monopoly?
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | I think it's the latter. I don't think Google really cares
         | about the default search engine. Microsoft didn't take the
         | money and have their own stuff but it doesn't make any dent in
         | Google's popularity (even now that Google is terribly
         | enshittified and pretty much everything else is now better)
         | 
         | I think it's propping up the competition to be just enough to
         | be considered competition, but not really interfere with them
         | milking their internet domination.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | Both Chromium (used for chrome, edge, brave, etc.) and Firefox
       | are open source. They can be forked and many people/companies do
       | that. And even Safari is based on Webkit (a fork of KHTML). And
       | Webkit continues to be open source and provides a more or less
       | complete browser engine that can be adapted for use in other
       | browsers (and has been). There are a few other browser engines
       | out there but most of them don't register in usage statistics as
       | anywhere near significant. Fractions of a percent market share
       | basically. But most of those are also open source. So, the good
       | news is that essentially all browsers are mostly based on open
       | source code bases. Those aren't going to go away.
       | 
       | The difference between the top three and those other engines:
       | Google funding. Google pays for access to the user via search and
       | advertising. And for influence over standardization. Because you
       | don't bite the hand that feeds you.
       | 
       | What happens if that flow of money stops is going to be
       | interesting. I think there are probably going to be many
       | companies, users and developers interested in seeing development
       | of the thing they use, depend on, or work on every day continue.
       | And it opens up the doors for other companies with commercial
       | interests on the web to step up and sponsor some of this stuff.
       | Companies paying for developers is how development for a lot of
       | widely used OSS software works after all. I'm not too worried
       | about all this grinding to a halt just because Google is forced
       | to stop trying to own and control all browser development and
       | related standardization. And people forget that especially
       | Chromium and Mozilla get a lot of external contributions to their
       | source code from developers that aren't paid by Google.
       | 
       | I think it wouldn't be bad for some fresh blood in this space.
       | Including fresh funding from other companies. Apple and MS would
       | probably step up their funding. They have plenty of vested
       | interest and the means to do so. As do many other companies that
       | depend on the web for their revenue. There's plenty of money out
       | there that hasn't been tapped into simply because Google was
       | paying all the bills. More diverse financing will make the web
       | more robust. It also means a more diverse set of commercial
       | interests. And a more level playing field. Maybe there's more
       | than just advertisement driven click bait to be had. Even Mozilla
       | might finally stumble on a more sustainable business model than
       | just taking Google money and wasting it mostly on things that
       | don't matter to browser users.
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | Oh no, what a nightmare if browsers have to stop implementing
       | zany new API-of-the-week and stabilize on a slow-moving web
       | standard.
       | 
       | Will we ever get wireless-USB-for-smells?
        
       | wildylion wrote:
       | Maybe it's time for ISPs to start endorsing small donations to
       | Mozilla and others, for a good cause. But in the jacked up world
       | we're living in, nobody would do this.
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | ISPs are a commodity business and can't afford to donate money.
         | This really hits at the core of the contradiction here. People
         | want the incredible public good of a modern web browser --
         | without the monopoly that can and has an incentive to pay for
         | it.
        
       | strogonoff wrote:
       | Recently, the browser has become this great unifying environment
       | where we can build complex cross-platform experiences available
       | to anyone on demand and not locked into any walled garden. Just
       | off the top of my head:
       | 
       | -- WebCodecs. You don't need ffmpeg; encode in the browser.
       | 
       | -- Web Audio. An advanced modular synth graph in the browser.
       | 
       | -- WebRTC. P2P communication between browsers. Calls,
       | collaboration, etc.
       | 
       | -- WebGPU. Run shaders in the browser.
       | 
       | -- File System API & File System Access extensions. Read/write
       | very large files without having to put the entire contents in
       | RAM.
       | 
       | All of this required significant amount of resources to spec and
       | implement. With 80% of funding cut, I struggle to see how it can
       | be maintained. Would be sad to see this rot with bugs.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | > we can build complex cross-platform experiences
         | 
         | Sounds good for the developer but as a user who gives a shit? I
         | miss my native desktop applications! They were faster and used
         | less memory!
        
           | strogonoff wrote:
           | In this case, good for the developer is good for the user. As
           | users, we get 1) tons more of those (since they're easier to
           | build, with one codebase that runs on literally every modern
           | computing device, from phones to tables to laptops) 2)
           | without being locked into a walled garden 3) fairly securely
           | (heavily sandboxed, unlike desktop apps).
           | 
           | The sheer number of cool things that got posted on HN in
           | recent years leveraging these APIs.
        
           | bigyabai wrote:
           | Sounds good for the user, but as a developer who gives a
           | shit? I'm not porting my webapps to your tinker-toy OS for
           | marginal return on my investment. That's redundant work that
           | I'm not being compensated for, it doesn't matter how lickable
           | the buttons are or how much of your 16gb of RAM I'm wasting.
        
       | hamilyon2 wrote:
       | Does this also mean Google will be forced to provide widevine to
       | competing browsers on fair terms?
       | 
       | Widevine is arguably less of monopoly lever than money, still
       | prevents competition from creating any new web browser ecosystem
        
       | _QrE wrote:
       | I'm just hoping Mozilla/Firefox survives this. I'm not sure that
       | any other mature, non-chromium based web browser exists.
        
         | ArinaS wrote:
         | What you're looking for is Pale Moon/any other Goanna-based
         | browser. They'll probably the only ones which will survive in
         | this fight.
        
           | asadotzler wrote:
           | They die the minute Firefox developers stop feeding them
           | security fixes on the regular. They are not developing,
           | they're packaging. If real development stops at Mozilla, if
           | Gecko dies at Mozilla, there isn't a volunteer project on the
           | planet that could keep it alive in Pale Moon or any other
           | Mozilla derivative.
        
             | ArinaS wrote:
             | They're not using Mozilla's security fixes or browser
             | engine. Pale Moon is a hard fork, so _it is_ developed, and
             | developed independently from Mozilla 's Firefox.
             | 
             | Also check out this page -
             | https://www.palemoon.org/info.shtml.
        
               | debugnik wrote:
               | Goanna has been rebased over Gecko several times because
               | they keep falling behind, hasn't it? So it's more of a
               | periodically-hard fork.
        
               | ArinaS wrote:
               | They didn't "rebase" it though - just some code from
               | Gecko was merged into it. And as I understand from
               | https://www.palemoon.org/history.shtml, there were two
               | merges - first with Firefox 38 ESR, and second with
               | Firefox 52 ESR.
        
               | debugnik wrote:
               | Thanks for the details! I was speaking from memory, but I
               | see the last merge was quite a while ago. That somewhat
               | increases my trust on the project then, although I'm not
               | sure I'd ever trust a minor browser fork without further
               | security assurances.
        
       | brap wrote:
       | Apparently a controversial take:
       | 
       | Government should not tell private business how to run, and let
       | people decide for themselves what they want to use.
       | 
       | The horror!
        
       | littlecranky67 wrote:
       | I remember paying for Opera 6.11 back in the day. If you can't
       | offer a browser for free, charge for it. But as long as google
       | uses its money it extorted from business to offer a browser for
       | free, you can't compete with a browser that costs.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | The whatng cartel has only 3 web engines which can compile with
       | only 2 c++ compilers:
       | 
       | The web engines are: - mozilla geeko - apple webkit - gogol blink
       | (fork of webkit)
       | 
       | The compilers are: - gcc (MIT) - clang (apple).
       | 
       | Providing real-life alternatives to those are close to zero.
       | Namely, the only real alternative is a regulated technical
       | compatibility with orders of magnitude simpler computer
       | languages, file formats and protocols.
       | 
       | For instance, for the web, where reasonable, it would mean
       | noscript/basic (x)html (basic HTML forms can do wonders with
       | proper HTTP redirects) and if really too alien to noscript/basic
       | (x)html, some public web APIs or other protocols (IRC for
       | instance). Secrets/keys setup would have to be easily available
       | via some noscript/basic (x)html portal or some other easy means
       | of identity verification, could be a very rate limited and
       | constraint anonymous web API.
       | 
       | Keep in mind the obvious: most of the work for a service which is
       | public on internet is keeping it safe and available, certainly
       | not the GUI/protocol which have to stay minimal in order to
       | maximize technical interoperability anyway and will mechanically
       | easy the tasks to keep it safe and available.
        
       | vertnerd wrote:
       | Maybe we'll be able to pay for our browser again? I used to pay
       | for Opera, and I'd be happy to pay for a good browser like
       | Firefox, too. Just like I pay for my Kagi search engine. If the
       | browser is worth something to you, then it's worth paying for.
        
       | ArinaS wrote:
       | Finally, the time for independent browsers has come.
       | 
       | I expect rise in Goanna/Pale Moon's popularity by the end of this
       | year.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Next year those pop ups that tell grandma to install an iOS
       | critical update might actually do something!
        
       | kgwxd wrote:
       | Why do we have Linux but not the browser equivalent? It's been
       | far more important than an OS for most people for a long time
       | now.
        
         | ta1243 wrote:
         | We do have an open source browser, it dates back to 2002.
         | 
         | It's has higher desktop use than Linux - 15% of desktop
         | browsers according to wikimedia compared with 7% for linux
         | (about half of which is chromebooks)
        
           | kgwxd wrote:
           | Chromium? I'm dreaming of something without a giant corp
           | behind it. A project that, at it's core, would always and
           | forever, celebrate uBlock Origin, and things like it, instead
           | of making up "security" issues to thwart it's power.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | https://analytics.wikimedia.org/dashboards/browsers/#deskto
             | p...
             | 
             | Firefox is 13%. Not great - it's down from 18% in 10 years,
             | but it's good enough for me.
             | 
             | If you want to complain that it's eventually funded by
             | google, I have bad news for you about who pays for linux
             | developers.
        
       | jonnat wrote:
       | I admit I've not been following the Chrome saga, but what does
       | the DoJ mean by Google divesting from Chrome? Will they have to
       | sell the Chrome brand? Will they have to get rid of all Chrome
       | developers? If not, what would prevent Google from keeping all
       | the devs and just rebranding the browser to something else based
       | on Chromium?
       | 
       | I truly don't understand how you could force someone to divest
       | from an open source project. Why would they not simply prevent
       | Google (or any company) from paying broswers to limit our choice
       | of search engine?
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | These payments were an ugly hack by google to get around monopoly
       | lawsuits anyway.
       | 
       | I do want FF to succeed - it's my main browser - but that whole
       | setup was an artificial unhealthy construct that needs to end
       | even if it is painful
       | 
       | Similar the whole chromium situation is problematic too. See
       | google moving android to closed source
        
       | _heimdall wrote:
       | I don't see what the problem with this ruling or forced
       | divestiture is.
       | 
       | Starting a new browser today is a massive, nearly impossible task
       | made harder by the fact that the few browsers we do have continue
       | to push through new specs and features. Sure that's good for
       | consumers, but its bad for competition.
       | 
       | If those new specs and features are only possible because Google
       | is artificially propping up the few browsers we do have, that
       | reeks of an antitrust violation.
       | 
       | We will almost certainly see a slowdown in improvements to the
       | web and browsers if this goes through, but we'll also see the
       | door finally open to potential competitors that want to start a
       | new browser engine rather than just put some paint on chromium
       | and call it a browser company.
        
         | cassianoleal wrote:
         | > Sure that's good for consumers, but its bad for competition.
         | 
         | It may be good for consumers on the short term, but the lack of
         | competition is bad for consumers on the long term.
         | 
         | So no, it's not good for consumers unless the competition
         | aspect is fixed somehow.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | > Sure that's good for consumers, but its bad for competition.
         | 
         | So we want competition that's bad for consumers?
         | 
         | I have to admit I get the logic of the remedy being proposed,
         | but something seems off to me and I can't put my finger on it.
         | It seems different from the days of Microsoft, not just
         | technically but in terms of the economics and consumer choice.
         | 
         | There's definitely stagnation in search, but I'm not convinced
         | it has anything to do with Google paying browsers per se.
         | 
         | Part of me feels like there's kind of a shadow competition (in
         | terms of browser market) that's really between Apple and
         | everyone else, that's not being recognized by the DOJ in this.
         | It's not this browser vs that browser, it's how you access the
         | internet in mobile versus another way of doing so, and who
         | controls that.
         | 
         | Maybe. I can't quite figure out what I think about all of this.
        
           | _heimdall wrote:
           | I could have clarified there. Google propping up a few
           | browsers is good for consumers _in the short term_.
           | 
           | In the long term I'd argue that less competition will be a
           | bad thing, and that we have already seen that when it comes
           | to browsers.
           | 
           | For years Google made a habit out of ignoring the spec
           | process in favor of designing their own web specs and
           | shipping them in Chrome. That's ultimately bad for developers
           | who have to code for different browsers like we're back in
           | the IE days, and it being bad for developers leads to it
           | being bad for users.
           | 
           | More importantly, the few browser vendors we do have can take
           | all this Google money and use it to subsidize features that
           | are bad for privacy, or further anticompetitive behaviors in
           | related fields like AI. Without the Google funding we could
           | end up with new browser competitors that are at least on a
           | more level playing field.
           | 
           | All that said, I'm not actually a fan of government
           | intervention and am torn on that front. If we do have a
           | government tasked with protecting markets from
           | anticompetitive behavior, though, they should enforce it.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Maybe I'm naive but isn't the only difficult task the
         | JavaScript part? I'd argue that JavaScript is mostly where we
         | went wrong.
         | 
         | The web shouldn't be this hard.
        
           | _heimdall wrote:
           | Implementing a spec compliant CSS renderer seems like a huge
           | challenge as well, especially when it needs to be comparably
           | performant.
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | This will strongly slow down adoption of new rendering standards.
       | I hope we don't get another IE6 era.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | Good!
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | Bad. This will lead to a further push towards apps instead of
           | websites.
        
       | agentultra wrote:
       | Doesn't seem like competition when the standards are, _do what
       | Google says_.
       | 
       | Some of that funding has been used for DRM, tracking, etc.
       | 
       | Some things have turned out good though.
       | 
       | Seems like it will be a tough time for browsers to find alternate
       | funding sources.
        
       | concinds wrote:
       | Hopefully Google will keep sending half a billion a year to
       | Mozilla (now with no strings attached). It was a good arrangement
       | for everyone, especially for us. (Mozilla's not without
       | controversy these days but hey, that's not on Google). I don't
       | get why so many people are using fancy logic to argue,
       | implicitly, that Firefox would be better with less funding. It
       | won't be.
       | 
       | But it was very trashy of Apple to rent-seek off of their market
       | power. $20 billion a year, to adopt a search engine that Apple
       | _insists_ , in court, they would have used _anyway_ for free, is
       | pure rent-seeking. Profiting off of the fact that Safari is
       | preinstalled and has a high market-share floor (since other
       | browsers have very limited competitive advantages on iPhone
       | compared to Windows /Mac). Companies should be forced to compete
       | for every dollar they earn.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | If Google sold search business to private equity, then this
       | problem could be solved.
       | 
       | Google could still pay browsers to make Gemini the default AI.
        
       | frabcus wrote:
       | Presuabmly the browsers will still get paid by other search
       | engines to set default? This could ultimately help DuckDuckGo,
       | Bing and Kagi quite a lot. And the revenue won't fall completely.
        
       | conductr wrote:
       | If Google is forced to stop the funding of competitors, I don't
       | quite understand why they also have to exit the market/stop
       | working on Chromium/Chrome?
       | 
       | There's the leveling of the playing field, each competitor has to
       | fund their own products, but then why also do they have to be
       | kicked out of the game?
       | 
       | I feel like consumers should ultimately make the decision of who
       | wins and has the better product. The fact Google has found the
       | best way to get value out of "free" browser use, shouldn't be
       | held against them. If consumers choose to use a browser that's
       | highly connected to Googles paid services, then perhaps that's
       | what the consumer wants. I view it as the other competitors job
       | to lure those customers away from Chrome with their own product
       | enhancements.
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | The only concern I have with this is how security will be
       | affected.
        
       | juliangmp wrote:
       | Good, let it crash and burn to the point where chrome/chromium is
       | recognized as the monopoly it effectively already is.
        
       | zelon88 wrote:
       | I support this. Especially the Google selling Chrome / Chromium
       | part. If it's so important, then Google should relinquish (cede)
       | control over it to the community, and just keep writing the
       | checks.
       | 
       | Honestly, I have no compassion for Apple or Google. I'd be
       | willing to endure a lot of headaches in the name of costing those
       | two companies influence over our society.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | IBM/Red Hat has plenty of cash, time for them to step up and
       | support Firefox. IBM hates paying for anything these days.
       | 
       | A good example is OpenSSH, that is used by Red Hat and AIX but
       | they give nothing to the OpenBSD Foundation. Even Microsoft sends
       | a decent amount to OpenBSD, IBM, a fat 0.
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | There are two very distinct parts here and the article does a
       | good job of muddying it.
       | 
       | Chromium: the base of Chrome, which is opensource - is developed
       | in part by google and many other companies, including Microsoft,
       | Apple, Brave, and dozens of others who depend on the chromium
       | ecosystem. Google is not "financing" these companies, they are
       | contributing to and benefiting from opensource bidirectionally
       | and the ecosystem benefits from compatibility streamlining. 94%
       | of commits to chromium from Google is also cherrypicked, many are
       | automated commits to update libraries and pull in code from other
       | repos and projects, and they do have a google/chromium handle on
       | them as reviewers and signoff. It is true that they are the
       | primary stewards and that most code in chromium passes through
       | google hands before arriving there - but a good amount is
       | chromeOS/android commits. Most downstream projects prune a ton of
       | this "clank" out - claiming that commits in those directories are
       | supporting 3rd party browsers is bunk. Google's own docs say any
       | code "that isn't written by Chromium developers" must live in
       | //third_party, this is enormous: v8, Skia, ANGLE, FFMPEG, ICU,
       | OpenSSL - codecs, llvm... keeps on going. When a new upstream tag
       | is imported, the roll commit is stamped with a Google email,
       | throwing off this number considerably. The committer field shows
       | the Google engineer or CQ bot, not necessarily the external
       | engineer who produced the diff.
       | 
       | Google Search contracts: it is true that Mozilla and Apple
       | receive large royalties in order to have Google be the default
       | search engine in those browsers - in addition to android vendors
       | and other platform partners. I don't think this amounts to 80% of
       | "funding" on those browsers.
       | 
       | The second part is far more dangerous than the first - some care
       | needs to be made rolling these claims together.
       | 
       | Everyone else could jump on quantum/gecko if they really felt
       | like it was critical to their business to not use google-centric
       | codebases.
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | What does belief have to do with it? You can literally look
         | those numbers up, and then go "...wow, no, that 80% is pretty
         | damn close".
        
         | isametry wrote:
         | Correction: Apple neither uses nor contributes to Chromium.
         | They have WebKit, which Chromium (Blink) was forked from in
         | 2013.
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | Yes that is correct, substitute Apple for Samsung or Electron
           | I suppose.
        
       | firefax wrote:
       | Why doesn't DuckDuckGo fund Firefox? A lot of their missteps stem
       | from trying to diversify revenue.
        
       | nickpsecurity wrote:
       | This article is misleading in three ways. First, it ignores the
       | markets are the cause of this problem. Second, it falsely claims
       | Google is responsible for the development of other companies'
       | browsers. Third, it treats Google paying for their development as
       | a good thing with antitrust action being evil.
       | 
       | There's countless companies that depend on web browsers. Most
       | don't buy them or contribute to their development. The biggest
       | companies that include browsers in their products or platforms
       | have budgets to build their own browsers, esp starting with
       | existing code. They don't purely due to selfishness which, for
       | many, hurts them in the long run as 3rd parties dictate their
       | requirements.
       | 
       | That brings us to Apple and Microsoft. These are among the
       | richest companies in existence. Their strategy is to create lock-
       | in to their platforms which heavily use browsers. They have their
       | own browsers. If they don't invest in their browsers, whatever
       | happens is _their_ fault alone. Double true since, unlike most
       | alternative browsers, they have the money to sustain the project.
       | 
       | Third point is that it's good that the business model is to hope
       | Google keeps paying for two of them with their advertising
       | revenue. While it's great that they do, let's not forget both the
       | dangers of (a) monoculture centered on one, greedy company; and
       | (b) that many of us thing Google's advertising practices,
       | especially in search, are so horrible we're trying to avoid using
       | Google. I'd rather the the projects be self-sustaining and
       | independent even if Google is a major customer.
       | 
       | Which brings me to a point of agreement where the one,
       | independent project... Firefox... could be really hurt by a loss
       | of Google funding. That's a sad reality I'd like to avoid.
       | Meanwhile, I'd like to see more non-Google funding for Firefox or
       | products layered on it from Mozilla. There should be a really,
       | strong push to make sure Google isn't necessary for their
       | survival. Most of what I see Mozilla promoting isn't that.
        
       | arnaudsm wrote:
       | The complexity of the web specs is out of control.
       | 
       | It is a form of regulatory capture from Google & Apple to prevent
       | new players from entering the space. Just look at the
       | devellopment hell of Servo & Ladybird.
       | 
       | Maybe the future is in lighter protocols like Gopher & Gemini.
        
       | lumb63 wrote:
       | There seems to me to be a false dichotomy present in a lot of the
       | comments here: either Google funds all web browsers, or all the
       | web browsers will crash and burn and the modern web will die.
       | 
       | Linux is a project spanning many decades with thousands of
       | contributors and is not owned by any company. The BSDs are
       | similar. I do not see why something similar cannot be
       | accomplished with the web; a group of FOSS developers, and
       | eventually, perhaps full-time developers at all manner of
       | companies, could support a modern web browser. This seems to work
       | fine for Linux - many companies pay developers to work on Linux
       | because their business depends on it, so it is a good investment
       | for them. The same applies for web browsers - many companies'
       | businesses depend on it, so funding a browser is the cost of
       | doing business.
        
         | Vilian wrote:
         | Isn't that exactly what chromium is, or were supposed to be,
         | companies invest in it, the problem is that google simply
         | invest more
        
         | asdsadasdasd123 wrote:
         | The last argument is basically the key point, you think google
         | is going to let browsers die? Their entire business model
         | depends on its survival; they just get less control over its
         | destiny now, which is probably fine tbh.
        
         | GoblinSlayer wrote:
         | Linux is owned by Linux Foundation.
        
           | jayofdoom wrote:
           | This is a radical misunderstanding of how things work.
           | 
           | They might (I'm assuming based on usual foundation policies)
           | own or enforce the trademark, but Linux is owned collectively
           | by everyone who ever contributed to it at all -- there's no
           | copyright assignment in the project whatsoever.
           | 
           | Additionally, Linux was a large, successful commercial
           | project LONG before LF existed.
        
       | quantadev wrote:
       | If everyone was relying on Google, then that should come to an
       | end. Browsers got WAY too bloated anyway, and frankly I think we
       | can dramatically simplify the web too.
       | 
       | There should be some kind of open-source consortium that is in
       | control of web standards, and then some open-source kernel for
       | all Web Browsers to share, just like there are independent
       | versions of Linux all sharing a common core.
       | 
       | So it's a good thing if Google loses control. I'm all for it.
       | They have too much power.
        
       | moogleii wrote:
       | Fairly misleading wording with such lines like "Most of the
       | funding for all of the major browsers is going away"... it makes
       | it sound like it goes directly towards the individual browser
       | budgets. That might be true of Mozilla since they don't make that
       | many products tbh, but with Apple and Microsoft, there's no
       | evidence Google's payments don't just go straight into a general
       | fund.
        
       | MagicMoonlight wrote:
       | Mozilla gets paid half a billion per year and they still can't
       | produce anything of value?
       | 
       | It just shows how easily corruption can take hold of an
       | organisation. The amount of dev time you could buy with half a
       | billion...
        
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