[HN Gopher] Joining Sun Microsystems - 40 years ago (2022)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Joining Sun Microsystems - 40 years ago (2022)
        
       Author : TMWNN
       Score  : 157 points
       Date   : 2025-04-30 14:57 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (akapugs.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (akapugs.blog)
        
       | LastTrain wrote:
       | "There were a bunch of bottom feeders targeting the home-brew
       | market"
       | 
       | Yes we all know how poorly it went for those folks lol
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | Is he talking about Venix, Coherent, PC/IX?
        
           | anonymousiam wrote:
           | I think he's talking about hardware. I remember at the time
           | there were 68k board kits that would run Unix. I didn't learn
           | Unix until a few years later (on a Sun 2), so I stuck with my
           | Z-80 SBC and CP/M.
        
             | kjs3 wrote:
             | Yeah...he even points it out in the article. There were 100
             | companies in that timeframe that were some more or less
             | minor variation on 680x0 processor, 10Mb ethernet and Unix
             | (usually from Unisoft).
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | Even back in the mid to late nineties, you still had a
               | bunch of different Unix OS's and their associated
               | hardware:
               | 
               | * AIX / POWER
               | 
               | * Solaris / Sparc
               | 
               | * Irix / MIPS
               | 
               | * HP-UX / PA-RISC
               | 
               | And probably some I'm forgetting.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | DEC Alpha was another big one.
               | 
               | Digital Unix (AKA: Tru64, OSF/1) / Alpha
        
               | crmd wrote:
               | That brings back memories. The first time I ever heard of
               | Digital Unix was in college looking at netcraft.com's web
               | server ranking, where it showed that www.amazon.com was
               | running on OSF/1. I figured if Amazon was using it, it
               | must be worth looking into. Found an Alphastation in an
               | IT storage room and had some fun playing around with it.
               | Good memories.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | Yes, Alpha was incredible for the time. Sparc was a dog
               | in comparison. Software wise, Solaris felt more standard
               | though. I remember having to tweak open source stuff to
               | compile on Digital Unix. Solaris almost always just
               | worked.
        
               | kjs3 wrote:
               | We're talking about 1982, not 'mid to late nineties'.
               | None of those chips even existed. Silicon Graphics Unix
               | was running on 680x0 based series 1000 machines (and
               | wasn't called IRIX yet). HP/UX was running on 680x0 based
               | HP9000 series. AIX was a couple of years away and would
               | first run on the RT/PC development of the 801 project,
               | not on POWER. In 1982-ish IBM did have a Unix machine
               | tho...the 9000 series, which was a 68000 running Xenix.
               | DEC hadn't started PRISM, much less ALPHA then...it's
               | Unix was Ultrix on VAX and PDP-11.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | Yes, I read what was written. My point was that there
               | were still a lot of companies doing Unix systems years
               | later.
        
               | rconti wrote:
               | Wow. 10Mb ethernet. I even remember in the late 90s "Fast
               | Ethernet" (100Mbps) was a feature in small switches; that
               | implied 10Mb was the default.
        
           | LastTrain wrote:
           | That is how I took it. Xenix, etc, anything not deemed a
           | "workstation" in that era's parlance.
        
             | TMWNN wrote:
             | I didn't mention Xenix because Lyon is obviously not
             | including it in his list of bottom feeders, given that he
             | distinguishes Altos (which runs Xenix) from them.
        
       | minitoar wrote:
       | Great pictures. lol @ khosla.
        
       | ajross wrote:
       | What I find fascinating about Sun is how fast its ride was. They
       | launched their MVP in 1982 which was really just a bare 68000
       | board with a kluged together software suite. The second
       | generation Sun 2's were like a year and a half later, running
       | virtual memory on 4BSD, the 68020 made the Sun 3's in 1985 faster
       | than a VAX, and suddenly Sun was The Premier Unix that everyone
       | targetted.
       | 
       | The next few years (up through 1991 or so) would see the launch
       | of SPARC[1] and all the Unix goodness we all still work on:
       | shared libraries, NFS, RPC, pervasive IPv4 networking, basically
       | everything about the modern datacenter software environment dates
       | from these few years at Sun.
       | 
       | And then, sort of out of nowhere in the mid 90's, Linux distros
       | running on P6 boards had essentially cloned it all on hardware
       | 1/10th the price and the end had begun. Sun would continue to
       | make a lot of money through the doc com boom, but their status as
       | the thought and innovation center of Unix hit a brick wall.
       | 
       | The story of the end was all about Java and Oracle and datacenter
       | markets. And IMHO it's not that interesting. What the hell
       | happened to Unix?
       | 
       | [1] In hindsight it was just a flash in the pan, but the RISC
       | arrival in the Unix world was shocking at the time. Even though
       | in hindsight the workstation vendors had at most a 3-4 year lead
       | on Intel at the peak and would rapidly fall behind.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | What happened to Unix? It became part of the background. Sun
         | (and then Linux) succeeded so well that Sun didn't matter any
         | more.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Yeah in retrospect, it feels somewhat inevitable to me that
         | Linux (or something similar if that hadn't happen) would
         | displace it all and demolish the business model of "Unix as
         | commodity", given Unix itself was clearly initially aimed at
         | trying to popularize/democratize a set of
         | technologies/techniques/concepts that had been previously
         | locked up inside larger corporations and projects. The motive
         | force of "getting this out there" was there, and was bound to
         | escape the workstation maker's clutches.
         | 
         | I didn't live through the minicomputer era, but definitely grew
         | up in the "Unix [and then Linux] ascendant" era and was an
         | early adopter (as a user) of Linux on my 486. We just wanted
         | what all the cool kids [err, adults] had. I spent many hours
         | fine tuning my X11 environment to look like the screenshots I
         | saw in UnixWorld of real Unix workstations, etc. ... without
         | doing any actual "real work" with it...
         | 
         | Looking back, it was inevitable that Unix would become less and
         | less a sale-able commodity and more and more a free standard
         | that hackers would just ... assume.
         | 
         | I'm not sure how Sun could have saved itself without just
         | turning itself into a services company, just too hard to win on
         | economies of scale making actual hardware. They made hay while
         | the Sun(tm) shone, I guess.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | > Looking back, it was inevitable that Unix would become less
           | and less a sale-able commodity and more and more a free
           | standard that hackers would just ... assume.
           | 
           | I wonder if the operating system[1] has turned out to be the
           | ultimate expression of Steve Jobs's quote about Dropbox:
           | "feature, not a product". A means to an end, with the end
           | being where all the value is.
           | 
           | Everyone talks about Microsoft retaining the rights to market
           | DOS independent of the IBM license being the most important
           | business deal of all time, but Microsoft producing its own
           | applications may be even more important in retrospect.
           | 
           | [1] I wrote "Unix", but of course Windows has been _de facto_
           | free, even when not purchased with a computer, for some time
        
             | kjellsbells wrote:
             | > Microsoft producing its own applications may be even more
             | important in retrospect.
             | 
             | I remain convinced that Microsoft Excel is the most
             | important thing they ever built. You could replace Windows
             | for Linux or vice versa and the world would hum along more
             | or less the same. But entire economies are essentially
             | running on what people do with Excel.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I did a podcast with ex-Sun Bryan Cantrill and sjvn a few
           | years back about the inevitability of open source as part of
           | a series. Bryan's take was basically, if not Linux, BSD. Of
           | course, there's also the school that Microsoft basically wins
           | which many assumed at the time.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | I mean, if you look at commercial UNIX, well to start it all
           | sources from AT&T at some point; they weren't permitted to
           | sell it, so they gave it away more or less.
           | 
           | BSD (and others) took it and improved it.
           | 
           | Everyone (including Microsoft) took at least the BSD socket
           | stack, at least for a while.
           | 
           | Commercial UNIX competing against free community UNIX is a
           | hard battle to win. There's a question of UNIX vs alles, but
           | if UNIX lives, it's going to be community UNIX (or well Linux
           | which is community UNIX alike).
           | 
           | I suppose there's an angle for commercial UNIX on specialized
           | hardware; Apple is doing fine with that model; but it stopped
           | being compelling for Sun --- commodified x86 servers are good
           | enough that you can't build a business to support commercial
           | UNIX on specialized server hardware (x86 or not) alone.
           | Oracle Solaris exists, but as a non-customer, it looks like
           | development has slowed significantly.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | I know of one total rewrite.
             | 
             | "I couldn't find anything that was copied." -Dennis Ritchie
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_(operating_system)
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | I never used it, but the first UNIX port for ARM was called
         | RISC iX and it was introduced in 1988.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_iX
         | 
         | In retrospect, if Sun had acquired Acorn, they might still be
         | around.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | This is revisionist. ARM didn't break out as an embedded
           | architecture until a full decade later. At the time it was
           | entirely forgettable, with no competitive parts in the
           | workstation market and no software worth running (again, the
           | center of the universe at the time was SunOS).
           | 
           | It's popular _now_ to imagine that ARM had some magic ISA
           | back in the 80 's, but it was very much an also-ran through
           | most of its life. The magic is inside Apple Computer, and
           | quite frankly they could have made anything fast. They simply
           | happened to have an ARM OS core running already, so they
           | picked the architecture that wouldn't force people to
           | recompile their iPhone apps.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | Then how do you explain StrongARM?
             | 
             | Why would DEC indulge in an also-ran? Ken Olsen's folly? Or
             | is 1996 far too late?
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StrongARM
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | 1996 was far too early for what they were trying to make
               | it for:
               | 
               | > The StrongARM was designed to address the upper end of
               | the low-power embedded market, where users needed more
               | performance than the ARM could deliver while being able
               | to accept more external support. Targets were devices
               | such as newer personal digital assistants and set-top
               | boxes.
               | 
               | They'd be able to power a faster PalmPilot or proto-TiVo
               | with it but this was years before the mobile design
               | advances, let alone battery and screen improvements, that
               | led to the iPhone.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > Then how do you explain StrongARM?
               | 
               | Do I need to? StrongARM is pretty much the definition of
               | an "also-ran" product, no? It had no particularly notable
               | design wins, and while it sold in reasonable volume was a
               | distant second to MIPS in the "consumer junk" segment[1].
               | DEC unloaded it to Intel, where it becamse Xscale, and
               | Intel dumped it on Marvell. At no point did anyone really
               | care much about it.
               | 
               | Even within the ARM world itself, it was ARM Ltd's CPU
               | cores (also Qualcomm had some decent designs) that
               | powered the architecture's way back to relevance on
               | phones, out of which Apple would grow to dominate.
               | 
               | [1] Set top boxes, cable modems, stuff like that.
        
               | kjs3 wrote:
               | That's a little unfair. StrongARM did well in the WinCE
               | market (which I assume you are referring to as 'consumer
               | junk') and did very well in the embedded market
               | especially as Xscale over several generations (PXA, IOP,
               | etc). As an embedded chip with a relatively short
               | lifespan that's reasonably impressive.
               | 
               | However, the idea that somehow it (or any of it's
               | contemporary ARM kin) could somehow 'replace SPARC and
               | save Sun Microsystems'...well, that's just laugh out loud
               | silly.
        
               | kjs3 wrote:
               | What should we 'explain' about a false equivalence?
               | Different processors for different markets? It was never
               | much other than a mobile and embedded processor. Yeah, I
               | suppose some folks thought is could be workstation PC,
               | but how many RiscPC 700s were sold? By 1996, Sun had
               | SPARC for, what, 10 years, and had just introduced
               | UltraSPARC? StrongARM was never in the same performance
               | ballpark on any dimension other than performance/watt.
               | 
               | I thought all the uncritical ARM fanbois had defected to
               | RISC-V. Good to see some still carrying the torch.
        
               | chasil wrote:
               | What is clear to everyone is that ARM survived and SPARC
               | did not.
               | 
               | Sun ownership would not have guaranteed survival, as
               | management did many foolish things, but it would have
               | upped the odds.
        
               | bobmcnamara wrote:
               | First sentence of the history: they couldn't make alpha
               | do it.
        
               | hapless wrote:
               | DEC indulged an enormous number of also-rans. It is from
               | the perspective of 2025 that we remember some of the good
               | stuff and forget all the bizarre mis-fires.
               | 
               | Off the top of my head:
               | 
               | * Two duplicate "high-end" VAX architectures (VAX 8000 vs
               | VAX 9000), because no one wanted to choose between CMOS
               | and ECL
               | 
               | * Three duplicate systems targeted at the high-end
               | (Alpha, VAX 9000, VAX 8000)
               | 
               | * Two duplicate RISC+UNIX systems, because DEC was
               | extremely late to market (MIPS 3000/5000 series vs Alpha)
               | 
               | * Two duplicate UNIX software packages, because DEC was
               | _really_ late to market (1970s ULTRIX ported to MIPS, OSF
               | /1 on Alpha, and the never-fucking-released OSF/1 on MIPS
               | because DEC just could not get their shit together)
               | 
               | * Four duplicate low end systems (MIPS, PDP-11, NVAX,
               | Alpha were all sold simultaneously at the same price
               | point!)
               | 
               | * A dozen utterly-failed microcomputer projects (Pro/3xx,
               | Rainbow, etc)
               | 
               | DEC was not a particularly well-managed company. Their
               | approach, for decades, was "throw shit at the wall and
               | see what sticks." This worked fine right up until it
               | didn't work at all.
               | 
               | It is also worth noting that Alpha, the "good" DEC
               | initiative, was a failure. It lost a lot of money! market
               | share never got out of the single digits.
        
             | timc3 wrote:
             | Acorn Archemedes was a great machine for its time, and I
             | liked the software.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Right, but SunOS on SPARC changed the world forever[1].
               | It's not really a comparable discussion.
               | 
               | [1] And then promptly imploded, and has been forgotten
               | now even by people[2] living and working every day in the
               | environment Sun created. That's the bit I was pointing
               | out upthread.
               | 
               | [2] Who apparently think that the important story of that
               | era is somehow the emergence of ARM?!
        
               | sys_64738 wrote:
               | What software? It was starved.
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | The magic of super fast ARM cores is inside Apple, but
             | ARM's general success has little to do with Apple. It seems
             | like a large part of ARM's success is offering licenses for
             | good hardware at a pretty low price. ARM doesn't "capture
             | value" much, it seems to me.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | I recall that in about '92 Intel had launched a project called
         | Eclipse which was an x86-based workstation they were developing
         | to compete against Sun. As with many Intel projects, it didn't
         | get anywhere.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | Never heard of that particular product, but in point of fact
           | Sun's original core workstation market had been essentially
           | destroyed by the late 90's by x86 boxes running Windows NT.
           | Intel didn't have the product in the channel in 1992, but by
           | 1996 it was clear SPARC's days were numbered.
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | I think the root issue here is Joy's Law [1]: "No matter who
         | you are, the majority of smart people do not work for you." Sun
         | had a whole lot of very talented engineers working for them,
         | but ultimately they were building a proprietary, vertically
         | integrated system. When compared with the best memory makers in
         | Japan and the best CPU makers at Intel and AMD and the loosely
         | knit coalition of OS engineers working on Linux and all the
         | Linux desktop engineers, they eventually found that the best
         | engineers did not work for them.
         | 
         | [1] Ironically coined and named after Sun Microsystems founder
         | Bill Joy.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | 26 years. Not much shorter than Microsoft's ride so far, but
         | much much shorter than IBM's.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | Again though, after 1995-ish Sun just stopped "doing Unix",
           | abandoned the community they created (who all trotted off
           | happily to Red Hat et. al.), failed in their core workstation
           | market, and basically spent their time milking server sales
           | to conservative[1] IT departments who wanted to do
           | "internet".
           | 
           | Their swan song ended up being Java, an interesting (but
           | again poorly exploited) technology that had next to nothing
           | to do with the environment on which it was incubated. Frankly
           | Sun ran away from it so hard that Java ended up running best
           | (!) on Microsoft Windows.
           | 
           | So basically it was 13 years, as I see it, from kids-with-
           | soldering-irons-and-a-dream to world-changing-behemoth to
           | company-your-grandparents-buy-from. That's fast even in
           | Silicon Valley.
           | 
           | [1] The cool kids, obviously, were all running Linux in their
           | datacenters already. Only the S&P 500 dinosaurs were buying
           | Sparcservers, but there were a lot of dinosaurs.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | Sun greatly revitalized "Unix" in the 00s! Need I refer you
             | to Bryan Cantrill's screed about how OS research was not
             | boring? The list of features that shipped in the 00s is
             | amazing:                 - DTrace       - FMA/FMD       -
             | SMF       - ZFS       - the unified process model       -
             | NFSv4       - CIFS       - and more
             | 
             | and this was while being hamstrung by a crappy SVR4
             | networking architecture that the networking team was able
             | to kill off (thank goodness).
             | 
             | Some of these are things not yet re-invented elsewhere,
             | others re-invented poorly:                 - systemd is a
             | bad SMF       - SystemTap is a bad DTrace       - eBPF is
             | pretty cool but in         some key ways not as good as
             | DTrace       - ZFS remains unparalleled
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Yeah, this turns into senseless flaming very quickly. But
               | to be blunt, the fact that puts the lie to your point
               | that all those technologies are "revitalizing" or
               | whatever is that basically _no one uses them_ [1].
               | They're interesting ways to win an argument on the
               | internet (with which I won't engage), but not evidence
               | that you're doing something actually important.
               | 
               | [1] Obviously people use them! But not at scale and not
               | in such a way that it provides meaningful advantage over
               | the people who _don 't_ use them. Again, they're fun
               | things to argue about but not transformative in the way
               | that early SunOS was.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | The fact that they've been copied is telling enough:
               | others needed things like those. Either Sun was too early
               | with some of these or Sun couldn't capitalize on them, or
               | both. Sun definitely was too early with certain things
               | like cloud (the Sun Grid). Was SunOS 4 as transformative
               | as BSD?
        
               | mzs wrote:
               | $ uname -srm; which dtrace; mount | head -1; apropos zfsd
               | FreeBSD 13.4-RELEASE-p3 amd64       /usr/sbin/dtrace
               | zroot/ROOT/default on / (zfs, local, noatime, nfsv4acls)
               | zfsd(8) - ZFS fault management daemon
               | 
               | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
               | mzs wrote:
               | I still miss mdb.
        
       | gopalv wrote:
       | > But let's talk about my unfair advantage - my Lyon family
       | mafia. I was living with my brother Bob and his wife. Bob was
       | working at Xerox SDD developing the Xerox Star workstation. And
       | my brother Dick was at Xerox PARC with an Alto on his desk
       | 
       | Sometimes, I feel like the whole downwards trend having a single
       | kid loses the family aspect of my previous generation - I meet
       | enough people who don't have uncles, aunts, nieces or nephews for
       | nepotism (literal) to work sideways on.
       | 
       | Nobody to pull them up and nobody to pull up in term. Not
       | dynasties of tiger children, but simply support in minor ways.
       | 
       | I got into Linux because my uncle's brother in law worked in
       | computer repair when I was 14, back when India still needed to
       | fill in an export control form to download software. Another
       | uncle sent me extra 32Mb of RAM from Dubai and a modem which
       | wasn't a winmodem (& my dad hated him for the phone bills).
       | 
       | > We were just managing a house mortgage with 3 full time
       | incomes. Interest rates then were well above 10%.
        
         | Take8435 wrote:
         | > Sometimes, I feel like the whole downwards trend having a
         | single kid loses the family aspect of my previous generation
         | 
         | There are many reasons folks have no kids or only one kid. I
         | don't think opining for a larger family 'for the chance' of
         | having a family member with similar tastes is really...
         | compelling.
         | 
         | > Nobody to pull them up and nobody to pull up in term. Not
         | dynasties of tiger children, but simply support in minor ways.
         | 
         | Are you saying friends cannot provide support in minor ways?
         | 
         | In my view, it's more compelling to solution the many downsides
         | of nepotism (esp. in governments not just private entities)
         | rather than endorse or perpetuate it.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I pretty much agree. All of my jobs since grad school have
           | come through professional connections--none remotely through
           | relatives.
        
           | geodel wrote:
           | > In my view, it's more compelling to solution the many
           | downsides of nepotism
           | 
           | The solution is endless growing bureaucracy to implement and
           | enforce fairness at every level and it is happening
           | everywhere I can see.
           | 
           | > Are you saying friends cannot provide support in minor
           | ways?
           | 
           | From my experience family members have some sort of
           | obligation towards other members( though maybe less true or
           | just untrue in modern day US) whereas friends can say yes or
           | no to any request purely based on convenience.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | > The solution is endless growing bureaucracy to implement
             | and enforce fairness at every level and it is happening
             | everywhere I can see.
             | 
             | Really? Endless? Everywhere? "I can see" is doing a lot of
             | work there.
             | 
             | > From my experience family members have some sort of
             | obligation towards other members( though maybe less true or
             | just untrue in modern day US) whereas friends can say yes
             | or no to any request purely based on convenience.
             | 
             | Ostensibly the United States is a meritocracy.
             | 
             | Nepotism is a form of corruption. It's fine to help your
             | family and peers with their career development but it's not
             | ok to hire them based purely on your relationship.
        
               | pcl wrote:
               | I don't think that's really fair. Nepotism has a lot of
               | negatives, but also positives. It's a form of management
               | and hiring, not a form of corruption. It can be bad for a
               | business, but it also can be good, especially once you
               | take the owners' goals for the business into account.
        
               | Take8435 wrote:
               | It's actually considered a form of political corruption.
               | Not necessarily illegal corruption but corruption in the
               | "normal" sense of decision making and dealings of the
               | organization.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | >Ostensibly the United States is a meritocracy.
               | 
               | I have yet to see any of this purported meritocracy. I
               | see lots of nepotism (as well as adjacent behaviors
               | similar to nepotism) and things typically associated with
               | oligarchy, even in the world of business.
               | 
               | Who you know and your background have so much to do with
               | success that outliers are rounding errors for a reason.
               | It has nothing to do with ability or any accepted
               | definition of merit as related to meritocracy.
        
               | Take8435 wrote:
               | I am not who you replied to, but this is why I find it
               | odd that people want nepotism to continue.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Indeed. So many things look meritocratic once one is born
               | in right country, right city, right zip code , right
               | family and so on.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | > Really? Endless? Everywhere? "I can see" is doing a lot
               | of work there.
               | 
               | You seem to think it is just rhetoric. But ensuring
               | fairness is one of the core job of bureaucracy. After all
               | they are not supposed to be related to people they are
               | serving or rulers/politicians they work for to ensure
               | fairness. It is growing because people want fairness in
               | more and more aspects of life.
               | 
               | You've provided a definition of nepotism not solution.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | The solution is the bureaucracy. I just don't agree it is
               | endless or ever present or that nepotism is the only
               | reason for bureaucracy.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | Well I see it in schools, universities, hospitals,
               | government offices, public companies and so on. Small
               | businesses have full discretion on how to do things so
               | they don't need it.
               | 
               | Also I don't see it is the _only_ reason but one of the
               | _core_ reason.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Your claims just don't align with my experiences,
               | anecdotes, or information.
               | 
               | My mayor hired his niece to run a department. My cousin
               | hired my nephews at a school district. I worked at a
               | hospital where the IT director and the network admin were
               | married. My dad worked at a family owned car dealership
               | that's in the third generation of ownership. I don't
               | think any of those cases were corrupt.
               | 
               | Meanwhile "the bureaucracy" in the form of OIG has an
               | excellent track record of eliminating waste. The mayor of
               | my hometown has personally visited each department to
               | ensure they are operating responsibly and uncovered and
               | eliminated widespread waste.
               | 
               | I just don't see what you're seeing.
        
               | singleshot_ wrote:
               | It's somewhat intrusive to suggest that my business
               | should run according to your principles. Are you familiar
               | with the strongest form of business, the family firm?
        
               | Take8435 wrote:
               | By whose measure is it the 'strongest'? That suggests
               | it's somehow more effective.
               | 
               | Counterpoint: It's intrusive to a worker's life, career
               | prospects and their family if you decide to hire a family
               | member over someone who (and I'm adding this in
               | purposely) - objectively more qualified - than the family
               | member.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | It is intrusive. You are also not allowed to utilize
               | slave labor or employ children. We accept some
               | restrictions for the smooth running of society.
        
             | Take8435 wrote:
             | Your experience is typical only for your region, I'll just
             | say that.
             | 
             | > The solution is endless growing bureaucracy to implement
             | and enforce fairness at every level and it is happening
             | everywhere I can see.
             | 
             | You are advocating for fairness - but for it to be fair -
             | you need to be allowed special treatment and that treatment
             | (positive mostly, from your stance) to be applied only to
             | family members. E.g., "It's only fair I hire my brother. So
             | I can enrich my family. He may not be qualified, but I'm
             | the founder."
             | 
             | But then in the same breath, you say it is unfair to
             | bolster nepotism and cast aspersions on the vast majority
             | of workers who feel opposite of you.
             | 
             | Your argument is flawed and flimsy, with all due respect.
             | 
             | You may have a business that works but no one outside your
             | family would want to work with you and especially working
             | with inept family members. At least no one I know.
             | 
             | I'll edit to add: I think it's a sad state of affairs you
             | see friends as just a convenience. Nothing more. Sure seems
             | like there's no investment in relationships outside
             | families which seems very exclusionary.
        
               | geodel wrote:
               | I did not advocate fairness, neither I am berating
               | nepotism. Maybe you don't read comment but feel urge to
               | respond nonetheless.
        
           | CommenterPerson wrote:
           | The author used Nepotism tongue in cheek. It's clear he was
           | pretty talented. He was just saying his family was also
           | talented and knew people in Silicon Valley.
        
         | lysace wrote:
         | > I meet enough people who don't have uncles, aunts, nieces or
         | nephews for nepotism (literal) to work sideways on.
         | 
         | In terms of optimizing for happiness and life fulfillment, I
         | think less nepotism is probably good, even in the literal
         | sense.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Nepotism is not a great reason to want larger families...
        
           | roywashere wrote:
           | In this case, the Lyons were not providing each other jobs.
           | But they shared insights into which companies had cool tech.
           | And they inspired each other with the nice work stations!
           | Much different. And not really 'nepotism'.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | Fair!
        
       | DogRunner wrote:
       | If you want to see the included images, jump back to 2022:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20221218011802/https://akapugs.b...
        
       | jmwilson wrote:
       | Working for a great company in its heyday is a gift - one that I
       | wish for everyone. Stories like this are a comfort when the
       | industry is near its nadir, and reminder that the industry moves
       | in cycles, and all glory fades. I got my turn at Facebook in
       | 2010. A bunch of times I'd see a name I'd recognize pop up in
       | internal discussions: an esteemed classmate or colleague had
       | joined, and you knew with all this talent concentrating in one
       | place, good things were to come.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I think the author is also very skilled, considering porting
         | part of UNIX to a new architecture almost all by himself as a
         | sophomore.
         | 
         | I admit everything is simpler back then, but again tooling is
         | bad and docs was just Lyon's book.
         | 
         | Putting myself in the shoes. I don't even know where to start.
         | Honestly it would be an interesting project to port xv6 from
         | RISC-V to another architecture WITHOUT the help of Internet and
         | AI.
        
           | loas wrote:
           | Was he very skilled back then when he did it?
           | 
           | Or was it the grit and pushing through the pain of banging
           | his own head against the wall many times while dealing with
           | mysterious errors and compiler warnings that made him very
           | skilled?
           | 
           | I fear the current state of our industry eliminated the
           | possibility for not-great, not-skilled juniors to embark in
           | these journeys such as these to become great and skilled
           | seniors. And I'm afraid that sooner or later we will all
           | regret it.
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | As usual I think it is combination of skill, luck and hard
             | work. There are people who do enormous hard work but just
             | do not have skill to create impact. And there are many
             | highly skilled people but not motivated enough or likely
             | they just not in right place at right time to create
             | consequential things.
             | 
             | > I fear the current state of our industry eliminated the
             | possibility for not-great, not-skilled juniors to embark in
             | these journeys
             | 
             | It is just that industry would be 100 or 1000 times larger
             | than it was in 70s or 80s. Now not-great not-skilled people
             | can get IT jobs in Accentures/IBMs of today which pays well
             | enough for mediocre computer skills. When thousands of new
             | PhDs in Computer science, electronics and semiconductors
             | etc are available every year it is infeasible that mediocre
             | folks can land in hardcore engineering roles.
        
             | varunnrao wrote:
             | > Was he very skilled back then when he did it?
             | 
             | > I fear the current state of our industry eliminated the
             | possibility for not-great, not-skilled juniors to embark in
             | these journeys
             | 
             | I think both sentiments are a product of their times.
             | 
             | Was porting an OS to a new architecture an extremely
             | skilled thing? 100% then and 1000% today. With each new
             | stage of advancement and increase in the layer of
             | abstraction away from the core metal, newer developers no
             | longer need to know how to program at the lowest level like
             | targeting a processor architecture directly.
             | 
             | Software development from the 1950s till the rise of
             | Windows as the standard was targeted not towards systems
             | like we do today but towards processors and architectures.
             | Processors at that time were simpler to write for. You
             | could get the datasheet for whatever was the latest
             | processor from a magazine, understand it inside and out and
             | start writing software for it. Today I do not think there
             | are more than a few dozen people who understand the x64
             | line of Intel processors at the same level. So times have
             | changed. We write for operating systems now and not
             | processors anymore.
             | 
             | I think that this is neither good nor bad. It just is
             | simply how it is. I'm sure that people who worked on
             | computers in the 1950s at the assembly level would have
             | been complaining in the 1970s about people writing programs
             | in C/Pascal. And so the cycle continues.
             | 
             | In fact, I think that the current state of generative
             | models that output code is the perfect scenario to separate
             | the wheat from the chaff. Their power function nature gives
             | a clear divide between people who worked in software for
             | the paycheck and those who love technology for it's own
             | sake.
        
               | compiler-guy wrote:
               | There are so many more dimensions than "for the paycheck"
               | vs "technology for its own sake". This is a pretty bad
               | false dichotomy.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | Judging from his biography, he should be skilled when he
             | started working on it, but I don't think he knew very much
             | about OS and compilers because these were pretty tough
             | topics.
             | 
             | Also it took him around 2 years to get a basic port done
             | (75-77) with a bit of help in the first year.
             | 
             | Anyway I believe there were a lot of head banging but he
             | came out in pretty good shape.
             | 
             | Damn wish I had the time to do something like this. I'd
             | like to rely ONLY on printed books and specifications for
             | such a project (say port xv6 to some 32-bit arm processor),
             | or something even simpler. But I really don't have the
             | capacity sadly.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | >I think the author is also very skilled, considering porting
           | part of UNIX to a new architecture almost all by himself as a
           | sophomore.
           | 
           | And which formed the basis of a full-fledged commercial
           | product sold by Amdahl, a big-name company selling big iron
           | to big-name customers.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | Yeah, that's pretty impressive. It's a privilege to work
             | among those people if one gets the chance.
        
           | parrit wrote:
           | I wonder what stopped me being at that level. Mostly
           | attitude, fear and perhaps aptitude. I liked things that were
           | easy to install and follow tutorials. I got into Visual C++
           | as it actually installed as opposed to a magazine cover Linux
           | distributionn that barely run. I think having the main system
           | (gotta get those grades) takes most of the energy for most
           | people. Either those who are happy to drop out or genius
           | enough to both study and hack survive to do really cool
           | stuff.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | I think you have to do it when you have a project or on
             | job. Since it takes a couple of years for him to get a
             | working kernel, this type of long term commit is not
             | available to many people.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Even working at Sun during the 00s, when it was declining, was
         | a gift. I know; I was there.
        
           | sys_64738 wrote:
           | Agreed. I was there also and can say I've never been so
           | invested in a single company. Sun was the best company I ever
           | worked for.
        
         | hondo77 wrote:
         | I worked at Disney Animation during the 90s. Yeah, my career
         | may have peaked 30 years ago but not everyone gets a peak like
         | that. "A gift" is the best way to describe it.
        
       | otras wrote:
       | I enjoy historical books about the rise, fall, and everything in
       | between for companies in the industry -- things like _The Idea
       | Factory_ about Bell Labs, _Dealers of Lightning_ about Xerox
       | PARC, and _Soul of a New Machine_ about Data General.
       | 
       | Are there any books folks would recommend like that about Sun?
        
         | ecliptik wrote:
         | I haven't read it, but High Noon[1] comes up in recommendations
         | about Sun Microsystems history.
         | 
         | 1. https://archive.org/details/highnoon00kare
        
           | otras wrote:
           | Great, thanks for the pointer! I see it was published in
           | 1999, so I imagine it'll be a good time-capsule read too,
           | even if it predates the dot com bubble burst and the eventual
           | Oracle acquisition, though maybe that's where the "Larry
           | Ellison lawnmower" talk fills in well.
        
         | zombiwoof wrote:
         | Jonathan Schwartz was the downfall of Sun
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | Not sure anyone could save the company, but he didn't help
           | one single bit.
           | 
           | Sun never decided whether they were a hardware company of a
           | software company. They had great hardware and software, but
           | couldn't make much money with the latter. Failing to
           | recognize software as a way to sell THEIR hardware was the
           | biggest issue. When they decided to launch x86 workstations,
           | I knew they were doomed. When they exited the workstation
           | business, I knew it wouldn't be long.
           | 
           | When you destroy all the on-ramps to your highway, it's a
           | matter of time until the toll booths are empty.
        
             | asveikau wrote:
             | Solaris got disrupted by Linux, and their hardware was
             | disrupted by Intel machines. When Linux on x86 is working
             | well, there's little reason to shell out money for Solaris
             | on SPARC.
             | 
             | They had Java but that's also challenging to monetize. When
             | it was introduced it was novel to have a portable C-like
             | workhorse that has GC and bounds checking, but now there
             | are many free options for that.
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | It seems most things in tech (OS's, databases, languages,
               | etc) _eventually_ become a race to zero unless you can
               | provide some long-term service-level support for it the
               | way most cloud computing vendors have.
               | 
               | Sun should have probably bought Joyent and gotten their
               | rather huge corporate client base (financial
               | institutions, etc) onto it, but even then it was probably
               | too little too late.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | Joyent was a reaction to Sun's acquisition by Oracle.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | > They had Java but that's also challenging to monetize.
               | 
               | Apple killed J2ME with the iPhone.
               | 
               | Every success story Sun had was defeated by others. SPARC
               | by Intel, Solaris by Linux (really, Google), and Java by
               | the iPhone. Ditto for smaller products like Sun Directory
               | Service.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Sun actually lasted much longer than they would have
               | except that Linux was terrible, basically unusable for
               | commercial purposes until about 2005.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | And here we were running a large regional ISP on it in
               | 1997.
        
               | rconti wrote:
               | I worked at several x86 Linux + SPARC Solaris shops
               | between 1999 and say 2011. Linux was always on the app
               | servers, and Solaris on the DB servers.
               | 
               | The Sun hardware was just better, more robust, and the
               | machines tended to have hot-swappable bits. Better
               | support for fast storage. Hot-plug in Linux was bad and
               | took time to get good. The hardware was cheap, and took
               | time to get good. Ditto driver support. It just got
               | better and better until there was no reason to buy Sun.
               | 
               | And then Oracle bought Sun, and there was now a reason to
               | _avoid_ Sun.
        
             | varunnrao wrote:
             | I think what ultimately led to Sun's downfall is a
             | combination of what ESR [1] and joelonsoftware [2] have
             | previously covered.
             | 
             | 1. Sun didn't become the defacto desktop platform because
             | they lost out to WinNT. So they lost out on the consumer
             | market. 2. Custom server hardware and software makers like
             | Sun and Silicon Graphics were the fashion till Google and
             | later on Facebook came around and built their own data
             | centers with consumer hardware and specialized software to
             | overcome the inherent unreliability of that hardware. And
             | anyway ever since web-based software became a thing your
             | device is practically a console a la Chromebooks. So they
             | lost the server market.
             | 
             | The only option left was to serve the high end HPC market
             | like labs or even banks but that didn't make business sense
             | since that's increasingly niche because those customers
             | would eventually also want the effects of commoditization.
             | 
             | [1] - http://esr.ibiblio.org/?p=6279 [2] -
             | https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2002/08/30/platforms/
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | They didn't lose to NT. The loss in the consumer desktop
               | market occurred in the DOS era.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | The real losses were against Windows 2000 (specifically
               | Active Directory) and to Linux.
               | 
               | The loss to Linux was greatly accelerated by Sun's
               | failure to make a deal with Google for Google to use
               | Solaris on their servers. The story I heard was that
               | Scott wanted a server count for the license while Google
               | believed server count was a top secret datum.
               | 
               | If Sun had made a deal with Google in 2002 and worked on
               | OpenSolaris starting in 2001, then Linux might not have
               | been quite the success it became.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | Sun made a bunch of serious mistakes in 2002 before
             | Jonathan that it never fully recovered from:
             | - not making a deal with Google              - the
             | [temporary] cancellation         (suspension) of Solaris 8
             | on x86              - the closing of Sun professional
             | Services
             | 
             | These three mistakes were ultimately the ones that ended
             | Sun, but there were many many other horrible mistakes along
             | the way, like:                 - sitting on its laurels and
             | doing         vendor lock-in monetization of          -
             | J2ME          - SPARC          - Sun Directory Service
             | - not building an Active Directory         clone
             | - spending $1bn on MySQL (wtf)              - ...
             | 
             | Then Oracle overreacted to the Greenbytes' shipping of ZFS
             | dedup before Oracle and killed OpenSolaris when OpenSolaris
             | was the only hope for Solaris itself. And now Solaris is a
             | tiny operation.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | > Sun never decided whether they were a hardware company of
             | a software company.
             | 
             | Ouch. And actually they were a _systems_ company. Their
             | storage appliance product was fantastic, and their
             | UltraSPARC systems (the systems; forget the CPU) were also
             | fantastic. Sun was the first systems company to prioritize
             | space and power consumption -- they were really empathetic
             | to folks who build and pay for data centers!
             | 
             | But no one seemed to understand how awesome their position
             | was circa 2007 regarding systems design, and their
             | advantages were allowed to fizzle.
             | 
             | Larry Ellison doesn't understand mindshare -- the very
             | thing that made Oracle successful. He only understands
             | lock-in. He doesn't understand that you need to build
             | mindshare first. He's not alone in that. This is why Sun
             | saw starts in SPARC when it was pretty much garbage. Sure,
             | UltraSPARC was neat, but still way too slow. It showcased
             | great ideas and execution, but SPARC was just dead, so what
             | was the point besides an obscene waste of resources?!
        
               | sys_64738 wrote:
               | > Larry Ellison doesn't understand mindshare
               | 
               | Given Larry is the third richest person on the planet, he
               | understands everything way better than us.
        
         | abyesilyurt wrote:
         | Are there any other books about the Bell Labs you would
         | recommend?
        
           | burningChrome wrote:
           | A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information
           | Age
           | 
           |  _In this elegantly written, exhaustively researched
           | biography, Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman reveal Claude Shannon's
           | full story for the first time. It's the story of a small-town
           | Michigan boy whose career stretched from the era of room-
           | sized computers powered by gears and string to the age of
           | Apple. It's the story of the origins of our digital world in
           | the tunnels of MIT and the "idea factory" of Bell Labs, in
           | the "scientists' war" with Nazi Germany, and in the work of
           | Shannon's collaborators and rivals, thinkers like Alan
           | Turing, John von Neumann, Vannevar Bush, and Norbert Wiener._
           | 
           | I also loved this one:
           | 
           | Exploding the Phone: The Untold Story of the Teenagers and
           | Outlaws who Hacked Ma Bell
           | 
           |  _Exploding the Phone tells this story in full for the first
           | time. It traces the birth of long-distance communication and
           | the telephone, the rise of AT &T's monopoly, the creation of
           | the sophisticated machines that made it all work, and the
           | discovery of Ma Bell's Achilles' heel. Phil Lapsley expertly
           | weaves together the clandestine underground of "phone
           | phreaks" who turned the network into their electronic
           | playground, the mobsters who exploited its flaws to avoid the
           | feds, the explosion of telephone hacking in the
           | counterculture, and the war between the phreaks, the phone
           | company, and the FBI._
        
             | plapsley wrote:
             | Thanks for the mention and honored to be in the same
             | mention as Soni and Goodman's book on Shannon!
        
         | mzs wrote:
         | not a book but 2hr talk w/ QA: https://youtu.be/dkmzb904tG0
         | 
         | There was a blog by a lady who was an early HR employee, but I
         | can't find it anymore.
        
         | mh-cx wrote:
         | You might like
         | 
         | The Dream Machine: J.c.r. Licklider and the Revolution That
         | Made Computing Personal by M. Mitchell Waldrop
         | 
         | Not really about a company, though.
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | If you like the Lyons (and you should, they are good guy hackers)
       | be sure to listen to Tom on the On The Metal podcast from Oxide.
        
       | berlinbrowndev wrote:
       | Nice. I always wondered how Java grew out of all this.
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | I always wondered why it was sold to Oracle.
        
         | trollbridge wrote:
         | A fire sale where Oracle got IP they could figure out how to
         | make money off of.
         | 
         | IBM should have bought Sun, or at least Java; it was a much
         | more natural fit.
        
           | crmd wrote:
           | I was there. IBM tried to buy Sun. Lawyers said no.
        
             | TMWNN wrote:
             | Whose lawyers? IBM's, or Sun's? And why?
        
           | matt_heimer wrote:
           | Given that IBM has turned Redhat Linux into the next Solaris
           | after what they did to CentOS, I'm not sure that Java would
           | have been better with IBM. At least Java has been getting
           | updates and things still get released under OpenJDK.
        
           | sys_64738 wrote:
           | IBM would have killed the hardware immediately. They wanted
           | JAVA not the HW.
        
       | JSR_FDED wrote:
       | I was at SGI during its heyday. Best time of my career. The
       | highest density of insanely smart people I've ever worked with, I
       | learned so much from them.
       | 
       | One thing overlooked from that era was that the customers were so
       | cool - they were building virtual wind tunnels, flight
       | simulators, protein visualizers, etc - not running payroll or
       | inventory management.
       | 
       | We used to say our customers used our products to make money, not
       | count money. Joke's on us because it turned out the market for
       | counting money is much bigger :-)
        
         | jahnu wrote:
         | Like personal computing up through the 90s to the .com boom
         | everyone was trying to have fun and make cool stuff at the same
         | time. Being able to get paid for it was an amazing bonus. Now
         | it feels like getting paid comes first.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | > Joke's on us because it turned out the market for counting
           | money is much bigger :-)
           | 
           | Even that turned out to be not as large a market as expected.
           | _PC Magazine_ and _InfoWorld_ in the 1980s ran many, many
           | reviews of packaged accounting software at various price
           | /size tiers. 70% of them died against QuickBooks, a product
           | that didn't even exist then. 15% got bought by SAP, Sage,
           | Infor (for some reason, Europeans dominate the "legacy
           | accounting rollup" space), or Microsoft. 15% survive by
           | selling the same software for 40 years to small customers
           | local to them, and/or very specialized verticals (pawnshops,
           | watercraft rental).
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | I _think_ the expression the GP was referring to (which
             | would have been common in 90s workstation vendors selling
             | to engineering /scientific customers) wasn't so much about
             | accounting software specifically as big finance and
             | business systems in general. This would include the high-
             | availability, data center big iron supporting things like
             | transaction processing, inventory and business processes in
             | general. The kind of stuff companies like SAP can sell at
             | $5M a year to one customer with so many modules I'd have
             | trouble even remembering how they all fit into the overall
             | global operations of a F500 firm. IBM and others could make
             | stupid amounts of money selling computers, storage,
             | networking, services and consulting around this stuff (and
             | they still do).
             | 
             | None of that software was "packaged" in the way desktop and
             | workstation-centric people like me think of it and unlikely
             | to be reviewed as products by PC Mag or Infoworld. For
             | example, I had a friend in the 2000s who worked at Intel in
             | "operations" try to explain the project he was working on
             | to me. It was a multi-year, multi-million dollar software
             | module + integration + customization contract with SAP that
             | was focused on tracking, managing, projecting and
             | optimizing Intel's product SKUs, which apparently number in
             | the tens of thousands across variants, versions and geos. I
             | never really got a thorough understanding of what it
             | actually _did_ but it was expected to take five years to
             | implement and hundreds of people across multiple divisions
             | worked hours a day in it and it was  'mission critical'. I
             | asked what would happen at the end of five years and he
             | told me it would certainly run at least a year or two over
             | and then they'd probably start a new contract to work on
             | the next iteration of a system to replace it (because that
             | was, apparently, pretty normal).
        
           | okdood64 wrote:
           | > Now it feels like getting paid comes first.
           | 
           | Understandable given the cost of living in SV.
        
             | rconti wrote:
             | In the blog, he commented on his brother being distressed
             | as they were barely managing a mortgage on 3 full-time
             | incomes.
        
         | kjellsbells wrote:
         | Is 30 years too late to say thankyou? I was an SGI customer in
         | the UK. Genetics research and bioinformatics. I remember when
         | we bought our Power Challenge XL, (size of a refrigerator),
         | some guy with a PhD showed up to install it _and spoke
         | biology_. I was impressed.
         | 
         | SGI absolutely rocked it in those days.
        
       | mrcwinn wrote:
       | A 280Z with a "UNIX" plate. So basically you're the coolest
       | person of that decade. Thanks for the post! Amazing.
        
         | rconti wrote:
         | The "Live Free or Die" NH plate really makes it.
        
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