[HN Gopher] LibreLingo - FOSS Alternative to Duolingo
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       LibreLingo - FOSS Alternative to Duolingo
        
       Author : hyperific
       Score  : 659 points
       Date   : 2025-04-29 05:45 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (librelingo.app)
 (TXT) w3m dump (librelingo.app)
        
       | daniel_iversen wrote:
       | For the curious, here's an article from the developer on why they
       | built LibreLingo https://dev.to/kantord/why-i-built-
       | librelingo-280o
        
         | darkstar_16 wrote:
         | who are these people who have 30 minutes in the morning to make
         | a smoothie and learn a foreign language ... :D
        
           | cyborgx7 wrote:
           | The people who prioritize learning a foreign language over
           | some of the things that you prioritize.
        
             | apwell23 wrote:
             | > some of the things that you prioritize
             | 
             | watching reels first thing in the morning in bed
        
               | aquariusDue wrote:
               | In bed?! You gotta multitask if you want to get things
               | done, try on the toilet next time.
        
               | cookie_monsta wrote:
               | If you are spending 30 minutes on the toilet, language
               | fluency is not your biggest problem
        
               | reddalo wrote:
               | But your nearest proctologist is going to have a new
               | client soon.
        
               | ix101 wrote:
               | But learning how to ask the chemist for proctosydol in
               | French may pay off dividends
        
               | stefs wrote:
               | if i spend 30 minutes on the toilet, standing up again is
               | my biggest problem
        
               | poulpy123 wrote:
               | on the toilet ? I only go to the toilet on company time
        
               | eigenman wrote:
               | "Boss makes a dollar, I make a dime. That's why I shit on
               | company time."
        
               | glitchc wrote:
               | I read Hacker News on the toilet.
        
               | bookofjoe wrote:
               | Sorry--TikTok FTW
        
               | octocop wrote:
               | 10x more effective than coffee
        
             | stronglikedan wrote:
             | Exactly, and I just happen to prioritize sleep until I have
             | to go to work!
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Is their something in your evening routine you'd be
               | willing to sacrifice in order to free up your morning?
        
           | fleischhauf wrote:
           | who are these people who have 30 minutes in the morning to
           | make a smoothie and develop software to learn a foreign
           | language
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | Also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43827978
        
       | Tor3 wrote:
       | There wasn't much to read there, but why aspire to be an
       | alternative to Duolingo of all things? Duolingo focuses on
       | learning by translation, basically. It's even in the name:
       | "Duolingo". It's an utterly broken approach to learning
       | languages, except for the very initial phase where you're getting
       | just enough to move on to modern methods (i.e. avoid translation
       | like the plague, to start with). Which is exactly why a comment I
       | read somewhere said "Duolingo is for the perpetual beginner".
        
         | devrandoom wrote:
         | What are the modern methods and what's to back up they're
         | better?
        
           | navigate8310 wrote:
           | Anki cards comes to my mind, diploma from local university,
           | preparing for TOEFL/IELTS equivalent. Also some languages
           | have better alternatives than jack of all trade, Duolingo.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | That is absurd suggestion when OPs complaint was about
             | translation. A person new to language doing Anki always end
             | up only translating words in always the same sentences.
             | 
             | That is actually much less of a problem in Duolingo where
             | those sentences warry and that has you do variety of
             | exercises.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | You can do Anki without translation. My preferred
               | approach is to have "type answer" cards where the
               | question side just plays a recording and then you type in
               | what you heard. I do add a translation on the answer side
               | to let me check whether I understood the sentence
               | correctly, but the focus is on listening and writing in
               | the target language, not translation.
               | 
               | Of course the number of cards is finite, but so are
               | Duolingo's example sentences, so whether you get more or
               | less variety ultimately depends on the size of your deck.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | You can, but this is not what someone who just came to it
               | all for the first time and looks for "app I can download
               | and use" will do.
               | 
               | They will download a dect with single words translations
               | rsther then spend a lot of times doing own deck with
               | special features. That is done by people who primarily
               | learn in another way and use anki as memory refresher.
               | 
               | Anki is great memory refreser, but that is not what was
               | asked here.
               | 
               | To your last paragraph, you do set number of cards per
               | day. Even if you have many different sentences on many
               | different cards, they will graduate independently from
               | each other. So, you will still see the exact same
               | sentence a lot rather then getting different sentence
               | each time you see the card.
               | 
               | More important is that practically Duolingo did not
               | caused me to have any particular sentence or translation
               | super strongly burned into my head. Maybe it is variety,
               | maybe something else, but practical result was just not
               | that.
        
           | joshdavham wrote:
           | > What are the modern methods
           | 
           | It depends on the community, but the current meta among
           | serious (non-casual) language learners is 1) comprehensible
           | input, 2) extensive reading, 3) sentence mining, 4) spaced
           | repetition + active recall
           | 
           | > what's to back up they're better?
           | 
           | Unfortunately... just the anecdotal experiences reported by
           | these learners. I've talked with hundreds of successful
           | language learners who reached actual fluency using these
           | methods and I'm also one of them. Unfortunately, as many
           | people online like to point out, these anecdotes are not
           | technically scientific so there is a bit of "faith" you have
           | to put into these methods. (Also, there is some debate in the
           | field of SLA (second language acquisition) as to whether we
           | will ever have a truly scientific model of SLA. If you're
           | interested in this question, I'd recommend checking out the
           | book "Key questions in second language acquistion")
           | 
           | In general, my advice to any serious language learner is
           | you're gonna have to experiment a lot to reach fluency.
           | Language learning takes on the order to thousands of hours
           | and requires a vocabulary of over 10,000 base words for
           | functional fluency (don't believe the youtubers who say you
           | only need to know a couple hundred words. I've run the math
           | on this way too many times)
        
             | laurentlb wrote:
             | I've been thinking about this a lot and I agree: focusing
             | on input, especially through comprehensible reading, seems
             | like a solid approach.
             | 
             | One resource I like for finding comprehensible input is:
             | https://comprehensibleinputwiki.org/wiki/Main_Page
             | 
             | One document I found particularly helpful is Paul Nation's
             | "What Do You Need to Know to Learn a Foreign Language?":
             | https://wgtn.ac.nz/lals/resources/paul-nations-
             | resources/pau...
             | 
             | It has a lot of practical advice. In particular, he
             | recommends reading graded readers books.
             | 
             | Inspired by that, I've also been building a free (open-
             | source code + CC-licensed texts), community-driven website
             | for interactive graded readers. Think Choose Your Own
             | Adventure in your target language: you read simple stories,
             | make choices, listen to audio, and check translations only
             | when needed.
             | 
             | It's still early (just a couple of stories so far) and
             | definitely not a full language learning solution, but the
             | goal is to create enjoyable input for learners. Would love
             | your feedback if try it out: https://lingostories.org
        
           | wodenokoto wrote:
           | Military translator bootcamps and Mormon mission preparations
           | are the most consistently successful methods in broad use for
           | getting people good at a new language.
        
             | froh wrote:
             | is "total immersion" still the name of that method? where
             | you learn target language basics during the first and only
             | bilingual week, and then you force yourself to only use the
             | target language with the help of a printed booklet?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I don't know what the name is, but that is essentially
               | it. Though bilingual week doesn't seem quite right - the
               | very first day the military puts you in a history class
               | taught in the language with no local language allowed for
               | an hour. And you still get to use your first language in
               | the latter weeks when you need to - though they push you
               | to not most of the time.
               | 
               | Remember that first week is 20-30 hours of classroom time
               | plus homework. That by the time you are done with that
               | first week you already have most of a semester of regular
               | classroom behind you.
        
           | damnitbuilds wrote:
           | I have lived in a foreign country for 25 years and have
           | started picking up the local language. There might be faster
           | methods.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | My wife lived in a foreign country for 3 months (as an
             | exchange student) before the family told her that was
             | enough and refused to use English.
             | 
             | Your experience is common. However it is mostly a
             | reflection on you and your situation. You could have picked
             | the language up much faster if you tried.
             | 
             | Note that I'm not intending to judge you. It is likely you
             | have a life and other things to do with your time. Only you
             | can figure out what is the right time balance for you
             | (though once in a while something happens that would make
             | you regret your decision)
        
               | damnitbuilds wrote:
               | No worries - I was exaggerating for comic effect. I don't
               | speak the local language like a local, but I do do it all
               | day at work.
               | 
               | I often wish the locals here would refuse to use English,
               | but I enjoy speaking other foreign languages when I get
               | the chance, so I understand when they want to do the
               | same.
        
           | jamager wrote:
           | I wrote https://thehardway.guide just about that, in case it
           | helps.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | I'll answer the opposite question: the worst way to learn a
           | language is to spend all you effort learning all the
           | different ways to learn trying to find what is best.
           | 
           | unfortunately the above is not a joke. It is what many people
           | are really doing. The question itself is fine but don't let
           | it consume you. Or if it does at least do as I do: confine
           | your research to the language you are trying to learn.
        
         | mobtrain wrote:
         | This comment would be 60 times more helpful if in addition to
         | your strong opinion on the failures of learning with Duolingo
         | it'd supply some of the _good_ alternatives.
        
           | sudahtigabulan wrote:
           | I think the pre-internet ways are just fine - textbooks,
           | phrasebooks, other kinds of books geared towards self-
           | learners.
           | 
           | With them, one must be just a little bit more proactive,
           | though.
           | 
           | You can also sign up to in-person classes.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Pre-internet ways failed to teach language super often.
             | Very frequent issue when learning from book was that you
             | could not not understand anything people say, because you
             | imagined the language to sound much differently then it
             | does for months and months while learning. That was the
             | most common result of language learning attempts - not
             | much.
             | 
             | Language learning is one of the things that were genuinely
             | made much more effective by the internet and streaming
             | services. The input based learning methods were basically
             | impossible pre-internet for most people. And these are very
             | effective.
        
               | 0xf00ff00f wrote:
               | Many language learning books used to come with audio
               | media. I'm old enough to own a few that came with
               | cassette tapes.
               | 
               | Books are still worthwhile IMO, if only because they
               | provide a bit of structure to one's learning. With free
               | resources it's way too easy to become paralyzed by
               | choice.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I am old enough to remember them. Comparably, you got
               | maybe 4 hours of media - meaning sentences from the book
               | being read and short boring dialogs. You cant compare it
               | to what is currently available. It is like comparing a
               | puddle of mud to Atlantic Ocean. And I mean it in a
               | positive way - those audio tapes were almost nothing
               | comparably.
               | 
               | Beyond projects like Dreaming Spanish, you have around
               | infinite amount of French, Italian, Spanish or German
               | Youtube about whatever topic you want to. There are even
               | dedicated playlists for total beginners you can start to
               | consume with zero knowledge. You have thousands of shows
               | on Netflix in foreign language with various difficulty -
               | some actually suitable for beginners. Some you have
               | already seen in own language, so you can understand them
               | more easily.
               | 
               | For major languages, there are dozens if not hundreds of
               | podcasts with simplified news, "for beginner"
               | discussions. Some of them are useable with literally
               | miniscule amount of knowledge.
        
             | shawabawa3 wrote:
             | I think books are probably the worst way to learn a
             | language
             | 
             | I learned French and my experience from best to worst ways
             | to learn were:
             | 
             | 1. 1-1 lessons with language teacher (by far the most
             | effective way to learn)
             | 
             | 2. audio lessons (Michel Thomas Method)
             | 
             | 3. Visiting France a lot, interacting with French people
             | (my wife is french) (and yes, for me this was less
             | impactful than listening to audio lessons)
             | 
             | 4. Duolingo (did a year of doing it daily, did almost
             | nothing for me except a bit of vocab)
             | 
             | 5. School (3 years of French in school was about equivalent
             | to listening to 5 hours of Michel Thomas audio lessons)
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Schools vary a lot. Some schools are really good, but a
               | lot of them are bad. Schools are typically held back by
               | those who don't care and so disrupt the class. (this
               | isn't always bad, for kids learning how to deal with
               | other kids is itself an important lesson - home school
               | kids tend to do well on tests with much less time spent
               | in study, but they always show a lack of meeting diverse
               | people in my experience)
        
           | Hamcha wrote:
           | As someone learning Japanese I'm really appreciating tools
           | built for JP specifically: Renshuu and Wanikani. Both use SRS
           | (same as duolingo) but spend a considerable amount of time
           | actually teaching the grammar and nuances, they both avoid
           | starting from everyday phrases like "I would like sushi" to
           | instead build a foundation first, and many other little
           | things that make it a much nicer experience than Duolingo
           | who's trying to use a very generic approach that maximises
           | small term satisfaction in exchange for painful long term
           | learning.
        
             | NetOpWibby wrote:
             | I've always wanted to learn Japanese, thanks for the tips!
        
               | doubleblind wrote:
               | I have started learning japanese roughly 6 months ago,
               | and I luckily stumbled upon this fantastic Anki deck:
               | https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/911122782
               | 
               | It focuses on teaching grammar and vocabulary through
               | listening comprehension. The creator has put an immense
               | amount of effort into it, to a point where I cannot
               | believe its free. I highly recommend it.
        
               | NetOpWibby wrote:
               | Did you create an account just to shill this?
        
             | mobtrain wrote:
             | I was under the (possibly incorrect) impression that
             | Renshuu was very beginner unfriendly and WaniKani skips the
             | most basic stuff (hiragana et al) and is "just" to learn
             | kanji which ofc is important. Was I wrong?
        
               | shibbidybop wrote:
               | On WaniKani: that's correct. In their FAQ (I think?) they
               | link out to an article on Tofugu (aiui run by the same
               | people) which gives you a couple good anki decks to learn
               | hiragana and katakana. I started wanikani without knowing
               | either, and found it manageable at the start by referring
               | back to a hiragana chart. At some point I went through
               | the decks, and after about two weeks I could read
               | hiragana well enough to leave them behind.
               | 
               | Certainly not a complete resource for learning the
               | language, but very effective for learning (to read) the
               | kanji.
        
           | makingstuffs wrote:
           | Yeah, I really don't get all the hate towards DuoLingo on
           | this site. Granted, it isn't going to make you fluent alone
           | but it is very good at keeping you sharp and getting your
           | feet wet.
           | 
           | Name one sole app/course which will teach you absolutely
           | everything there is to know about a given subject. There are
           | none. All learning needs multiple avenues in order to be
           | effective.
           | 
           | Even if you take part in a course with tutors they will you
           | to practice out of the course and in your own time.
           | Personally I found DuoLingo to be extremely helpful in
           | getting the basics of Hindi down.
        
             | myaccountonhn wrote:
             | I agree, for me Duolingo was great to learn the basics of
             | Spanish, enough so that I could move on and practice in
             | real life.
        
             | apwell23 wrote:
             | I agree i can speak passable spanish with my wife's family.
             | i learnt exclusively on duolingo.
             | 
             | I don't know if its the best way but it kept me motivated
             | to come back and put in some work in a fun environment.
             | which i belive is the biggest problem to solve for any sort
             | of learning.
        
               | degamad wrote:
               | The suggestion is that it's likely that you did much of
               | your learning from speaking to your wife's family, with
               | duolingo giving you a kickstart and the confidence to do
               | so.
               | 
               | Having conversation partner(s) to practice with generally
               | trumps any other learning method for languages.
        
             | frank20022 wrote:
             | Because duolingo is designed for addiction (that's how they
             | make money), not actual learning (learning would mean you'd
             | stop using the thing, no good for stakeholders).
             | 
             | There is no sole app that makes you go from 0 to C2, but
             | there are infinitely superior tools that actually _make you
             | learn_ , and not the self-complacent pretend-like-learning
             | pastime that duo is.
             | 
             | For a start, almost every other app succeeds at not
             | treating you like a toddler and not resorting to emotional
             | manipulation.
        
               | deeThrow94 wrote:
               | Looking to apps to learn language outside of spaced
               | repetition and talking to someone over video seems pretty
               | naive to begin with.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There are a lot of things an app can do for you. Spaced
               | repetition is the easiest one. However there are a lot of
               | other options if you get creative. Most of them are a lot
               | more work though. (though chatbots should now be easy as
               | well to implement)
        
               | makingstuffs wrote:
               | I have to disagree in that you would stop using the app
               | if you learn a language. Learning is a lifelong task and
               | becoming proficient in a language does not mean you will
               | stay proficient in a language. It takes constant
               | refreshing in order to keep sharp.
               | 
               | Is Duo the best thing on the planet? No, does it serve a
               | purpose? Yes. The reality is that, if people see their
               | skills improving as a result of using the app
               | (gamification etc included) then it doing its job.
               | 
               | > There is no sole app that makes you go from 0 to C2,
               | but there are infinitely superior tools that actually
               | make you learn, and not the self-complacent pretend-like-
               | learning pastime that duo is.
               | 
               | This I strongly disagree with. Nothing can _make_ you
               | learn other than your own willingness to do so. If you
               | have the desire to learn, you will. If you do not, you
               | won't. It is that simple and that is applicable to any
               | subject.
        
               | cillian64 wrote:
               | > Because duolingo is designed for addiction
               | 
               | For people who have trouble keeping up hobbies, that's a
               | feature. Even if duolingo isn't the ideal way to learn,
               | it's a lot better than something I give up on or forget
               | about after a week.
        
           | Tor3 wrote:
           | My learning finally picked up speed again when I started
           | using CCI (Compelling Comprehensive Input). How easy it is to
           | find material differs a lot between languages. Way way back
           | in time I learned English that way, though I didn't think of
           | it as "learning" back then - I was so focused on what is now
           | called "compelling input".
           | 
           | However, you'll need _some_ kind of foundation, otherwise it
           | 'll be hard to find anything to start with. Though at the
           | language school my wife attended the teachers had methods for
           | that too, when there weren't any common language to "teach"
           | in. Show and tell, basically. Point down and say "This is a
           | table". Point away and say "That is a window". And so on. The
           | Krashen initial method basically, though the one teacher I
           | talked to had never heard about the guy.
           | 
           | When I started Japanese I didn't use textbooks or classes, I
           | used an app called "Human Japanese", which teaches structure
           | and a little grammar, but mostly through show and tell. No
           | conjugation tables or other boring stuff. It quickly gives
           | you enough to start acquiring other material. My own huge
           | mistake was to switch to Duolingo.
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | I'm trying to look up what this CCI thing is, but I don't
             | seem to get further than simply "use the language". Do you
             | have a good resource that explains how to apply the method
             | or, if applicable, an example of a CCI course?
        
           | jamager wrote:
           | Italki, LingQ, Languagetransfer, StoryLearning...
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Duolingo is a multimodal learning tool. There's some
         | translation but there's also fill in the blank, describe from
         | prompt, oral story interpretation, spoken descriptions, and
         | even AI chat bot interactions in recent version.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > and even AI chat bot interactions in recent version.
           | 
           | If you have that, you don't need the other things.
           | 
           | One task a language model is naturally suited to is... using
           | language.
           | 
           | (You might want to give the bot a voice, or I guess you'll
           | still need the listening exercises, depending on your goals.)
        
             | broodbucket wrote:
             | There's AI slop (or hastily human generated slop, hard to
             | tell) in Duolingo so I won't advocate for its quality, but
             | I've been trying to use several different flagship models
             | for language learning (with a native speaker on speeddial
             | to fact check things) and they get stuff wrong a lot. LLMs
             | are absolutely not ready to be your sole source for
             | language learning. They seem perfectly competent at
             | communicating in whatever language you want, and are fine
             | at translation, but for example, explaining grammatical
             | concepts of one language in another language they have been
             | surprisingly incompetent at in my experience.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > LLMs are absolutely not ready to be your sole source
               | for language learning.
               | 
               | > They seem perfectly competent at communicating in
               | whatever language you want
               | 
               | These two sentences contradict; that's the only thing you
               | want for language learning.
               | 
               | > but for example, explaining grammatical concepts of one
               | language in another language they have been surprisingly
               | incompetent at in my experience
               | 
               | Doesn't matter.
        
               | deeThrow94 wrote:
               | I'm learning an admittedly fairly obscure african
               | language, but one with tens of millions of speakers
               | worldwide. LLM can produce intelligible but
               | grammatically-incorrect and unidiomatic output. Is this
               | better or worse than not helping at all? I'd argue worse.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | There are two things to say here:
               | 
               | > I'm learning an admittedly fairly obscure african
               | language, but one with tens of millions of speakers
               | worldwide. LLM can produce intelligible but
               | grammatically-incorrect and unidiomatic output.
               | 
               | This isn't a problem with the technology; it's easy to
               | observe that it doesn't happen with better-known
               | languages. Your problem is that you don't have a model
               | for your target language.
               | 
               | > Is this better or worse than not helping at all? I'd
               | argue worse.
               | 
               | My first instincts go that way too. But note that
               | language classes consider it desirable for the students
               | to try to speak with each other in the target language.
               | (And not just where they can be supervised - the more
               | they do it, in any context, the better.)
               | 
               | If the only input you ever get has the grammar incorrect,
               | your grammar will also be incorrect. But you can handle
               | _a lot_ of your input being incorrect without major
               | problems.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The two sentences do not contradict. Using LLMs alone
               | would be bad. However they can be used with other things.
               | Most people are get fluent in a language use several
               | different methods to learn.
               | 
               | It isn't clear if LLMs are good. The formal studies
               | cannot possibly be done so don't bother looking. (a few
               | early studies might be done, but not enough to draw
               | conclusions). And of course LLMs may well change in the
               | future so even if you have a conclusion it may not apply
               | to what we see next year.
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | I and my wife used an LLM to translate something she had
               | written, she could have done that herself but she doesn't
               | feel up to a task like that yet (due to the target
               | audience). And I myself am far away from being able to
               | translate that kind of text to my native language.
               | 
               | In general the translation was good, but the wording felt
               | a bit unnatural, and to my surprise it got some basic
               | grammar wrong - specifically, using the wrong grammatical
               | gender for some nouns (sometimes there are valid
               | variants, but not in the cases I'm referring to), and
               | also using pronouns where a native never would - where
               | it's too hard to immediately see what the pronoun refers
               | to. In the end I had to massage the output a lot before
               | it was acceptable, and we spent hours before the output
               | was acceptable (changing the input to try to coerce a
               | better translation, and after that refreshing the
               | translation manually to fix grammar errors, wording, and
               | as mentioned, overuse of pronouns).
        
         | gary17the wrote:
         | > [learning by translation] [is] an utterly broken approach to
         | learning languages
         | 
         | I speak one foreign language fluently, which I learned in a
         | traditional classroom environment with a teacher, and recently
         | started to learn another language with Duolingo. I actually
         | find their "learning by translation" method possibly easier
         | (and definitely less boring) than the traditional "keep
         | learning all the different grammar combinations first"
         | approach, usually featured in a classroom or in self-learning
         | video courses.
         | 
         | The only feature missing from Duolingo is short grammar
         | summaries before new grammar constructs are introduced for the
         | first time, as Duolingo unit/section "guidebook" entries are
         | way to short and thus useless. You have to ask an LLM for an
         | explanation every time a particular sentence turns out to be
         | different from what you would expect.
        
           | tossandthrow wrote:
           | This is a falde dichotomy. Focusing on grammar is not the
           | opposite.
           | 
           | If you follow the approach in "Fluent forever" by Gabriel
           | Wyner you will focus on 1) sentences and 2) speech from day
           | one.
           | 
           | The idea is that you really don't want to focus on learning
           | _translation_ but learn the _language_. Ie. It is not
           | important that you know how to translate horse to Pferd. What
           | is important is that you know how communicate the concept of
           | "I want to ride a horse" in German.
        
             | gary17the wrote:
             | > This is a false dichotomy. Focusing on grammar is not the
             | opposite.
             | 
             | I don't follow you. I did not claim that focusing on
             | grammar was a literal _opposite_ of anything. I claimed
             | that in my case  "repetitive learning by example" turned
             | out to be less boring than "repetitive learning by
             | memorizing grammar".
             | 
             | In order to translate a randomly generated (thus never seen
             | before, non-memorized) sentence from one language to
             | another you have to understand the grammar in order to
             | create a valid combination of words for your translation.
        
               | frabcus wrote:
               | You don't have to consciously and rationally understand
               | the grammar - you didn't when first learning to speak
               | your first language!
               | 
               | Stephen Krashen is a pretty good researcher on this - the
               | summary is that exposure to the language for time (e.g.
               | 500 hours of content you just about understand) is the
               | critical factor. This is training non-conscious parts of
               | your brain's neural network.
               | 
               | Some people _like_ understanding the grammar and
               | structure of a language consciously, and it can help as a
               | mnemonic aid for anyone. But it isn 't necessary, or the
               | critical process.
        
               | gary17the wrote:
               | A very interesting point, I stand corrected. When I think
               | about it, my brain usually does strongly prefer to
               | consciously create a set of "rules" about a knowledge
               | base rather than unconsciously memorize a set of ready-
               | made samples. But that might be just me.
        
               | stevekemp wrote:
               | Good luck learning Finnish without understanding the
               | grammar.
        
               | tossandthrow wrote:
               | Good luck getting a 3 year old Finnish person lecturing
               | you on Finnish grammar - Even though the kid can easily
               | ask for a ice cream in both past, present, and future.
        
               | InsideOutSanta wrote:
               | I feel like it's the opposite. Most people who speak
               | languages with complex grammar natively can not clearly
               | explain the grammar to you, because they use the correct
               | grammar intuitively, and they have learned to do so by
               | having a ton of input in that language.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | This is a bad example because it's probably more
               | wordy/complex than it needs to be but I couldn't begin to
               | name the various grammar being used in: "I would not have
               | gone to Paris except that a friend decided to give me a
               | free ticket."
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > Some people like understanding the grammar and
               | structure of a language consciously, and it can help as a
               | mnemonic aid for anyone.
               | 
               | Also, if you're looking for entertaining reading in your
               | target language, grammar books are going to be
               | interesting to you. The goal during language learning is
               | to find interesting content that you understand, and your
               | target language's grammar is a known hobby of yours.
        
               | tossandthrow wrote:
               | > I claimed that in my case "repetitive learning by
               | example" turned out to be less boring than "repetitive
               | learning by memorizing grammar"
               | 
               | In this claim you implicitly say that you are focusing on
               | "learning by memorizing grammar" if you do not are
               | focusing on "learning by example" - hence the dichotomy,
               | that is false.
               | 
               | The parent commenter never talked about grammar.
        
             | Tor3 wrote:
             | > 2) speech from day one.
             | 
             | .. is something I can't fully agree with. The exception
             | being if the target language only has sounds which you are
             | familiar with already (as in _really_ familiar - your
             | native language already have them). Otherwise you'll simply
             | train your brain to pronounce badly, because in the
             | beginning you can't hear the differences. That's something
             | which will be hard to fix later. And it takes time to hear
             | the differences, your brain literally needs to grow new
             | connections. There are other reasons too for doing a lot (a
             | _lot_ ) of listening when you start a new language.
        
               | tossandthrow wrote:
               | > ... target language ...
               | 
               | > your native language already have them
               | 
               | It seems like there is a strong underlying understanding
               | that learning a new language is done from a source
               | language towards a target language.
               | 
               | The book I am referring to argues that learning a
               | language is about _embodying that language_ - ie. it is
               | not an intellectual task.
               | 
               | The most natural embodiment og a language is speech.
               | 
               | This is fundamentally another way of looking at language
               | learning than what most people think about having had
               | Spanish in high school or what not.
               | 
               | It might not be for all.
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | I did not at all in any way mean to say that learning a
               | language should be from a source language towards a
               | target language. Quite the opposite really. I completely
               | agree with the statement ".. _embodying that language_ -
               | ie. it is not an intellectual task ". That matches my own
               | anecdotal experiences, at least.
               | 
               | What I wanted to say was that even though babies can hear
               | and differentiate between all the sounds of every
               | language on earth (and yes they can), and young children
               | too - what then happens is that the brain will after a
               | time simply keep what's needed for the child's language
               | and discard the rest. Which is why adults will have
               | problems hearing certain sounds of a target language,
               | _unless_ those sounds already exist in that person 's
               | language(s). That takes _time_. Native English speakers,
               | for example, are in my experience generally unable to
               | hear the difference between certain vowels in my native
               | language even though said vowels are as different as
               | night and day for me. It seems to take up to two years
               | for that to get fixed, depending on the person and also
               | age. And in the meantime the pronunciation will be wrong
               | and the person is unable to hear it and thus can 't fix
               | it. And later it's so hard that it _won 't_, as a rule,
               | get fixed.
               | 
               | My wife can't hear the difference between certain
               | consonants in my language even though she's fully fluent
               | otherwise. She has to watch my lips. After all these
               | years. The reason is simply that those differences don't
               | exist in her native language. On the other hand, very
               | young people can easily do it and will get the
               | pronunciation right at first try.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | Does it really matter? You can always take a diction
               | course later if it is that important. I've never bothered
               | myself to learn the different sound for 'th' in English,
               | nor the exact spanish flow.
        
               | tossandthrow wrote:
               | Ah yes, I agree. There are biases from previous language
               | experience.
               | 
               | I am learning Polish currently, that has "complex
               | consonant clusters". I come from a vowel heavy language,
               | and I use a lot of time with my partner to learn to
               | pronounce these sounds.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | But you have to start speaking at some point. Very few
               | non-natives can differentiate between some sounds in my
               | language and if they waited with speaking until they
               | could they would never get there.
        
           | internet_points wrote:
           | > traditional "keep learning all the different grammar
           | combinations first" approach
           | 
           | That's not better than Duolingo, no.
           | 
           | Duolingo is OK initially (especially if you need to learn a
           | new alphabet), but then quickly move on to
           | 
           | * https://www.languagetransfer.org/ (will give you a good
           | understanding of the principles of the language but without
           | feeling like a grammar book)
           | 
           | * https://www.pimsleur.com/ or similar audio courses
           | (expensive, but thorough, seem to be informed by spaced
           | repetition principles, I remember what I learn here)
           | 
           | * and when you've got the basics down, slow speaking podcasts
           | or youtube which will increase your vocab and understanding
           | greatly
           | 
           | * lots of youtube/netflix (use https://addons.mozilla.org/fy-
           | NL/firefox/addon/youtube-dual-... or one of the many addons
           | that give more control over subtitles, eventually only
           | foreign subtitles or none)
           | 
           | * simple translated stories (I don't know what these are
           | called, but you'll typically have first a story with
           | translations interspersed, then the full story without any
           | guide). https://www.lingq.com/en/ is a site that does this
           | for you, though I guess you can use llm's this way too now
           | 
           | You want _lots_ of input. You also want some deliberate
           | practice making sentences, though in smaller portions than
           | the input.
        
             | joshvm wrote:
             | Translated stories are sometimes called Graded Readers, you
             | can buy them aligned with most common language levels
             | (CEFR, JLPT, etc)
             | 
             | Subtitles though, tricky. The sites that sync with Netflix
             | are probably better than whatever Netflix offers, or
             | whatever you can get that comes with your video files.
             | Subtitles for entertainment are often abbreviated, which is
             | fine for your native language, but it doesn't help if you
             | want to look up a sentence. You need the crowdsourced ones.
             | YouTube can be better in this regard, especially if they're
             | automatically generated. There are also lists of video
             | games floating around that rank games based on the
             | availability of a script, replayable dialogue, that sort of
             | thing. See Game Gengo for a Japanese example [1] (great
             | channel, he also does lessons with all the vocab + grammar
             | in context using games).
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXICXCSIfrQ
        
             | ljm wrote:
             | I've used Pimsleur on and off for a while and it's great,
             | because even with sporadic usage I can still more or less
             | remember what I learned and most of the time I just need a
             | bit of a refresher in terms of using the right case or
             | conjugation so I don't get I/you/they/it mixed up.
             | 
             | Hours into Duolingo I'm repeating total nonsense like "the
             | man is a boy" and "the turtle has green pants," but with
             | Pimsleur, after the same amount of time, it's right into
             | practical stuff like "I would like something to eat" or "I
             | don't understand X but I do speak Y."
             | 
             | Having an extensive vocabulary of random words isn't
             | particulary helpful except to extrapolate meaning out of
             | conversations you don't fully understand, and almost
             | certainly cannot contribute to.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | You need very little grammar in the first place. And if
               | you learned your native one, it becomes easier to just
               | store the difference (leaks may still happen). Coherent
               | input where previous words are repeated while you learned
               | new one are best (watch subtitled movies, and you can
               | pick a lot if you're focused on that).
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Probably especially with a related language. I remember
               | high school French (vaguely) abd it was probably a pretty
               | good 4 years of high school French. But I also remember
               | memorizing a ton of complex tenses and the like, many of
               | which I probably rarely use in English, couldn't name,
               | and would probably be hard for a lot of people to parse
               | if I did, especially conversationally and mixed with
               | negation.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | Yep, French has a lot of rules! But they are grammar
               | rules only. So while rote memorization is hard, a good
               | tutor can hel you with the basic understanding. At the
               | end of the day, it's just practice. With english, you
               | have to practice spelling and pronunciation, with French
               | you have to practice grammar.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | I see people say they get nonsense phrases in Duolingo a
               | lot but I never seem to get them. For example, a lesson
               | I'm doing right now has phrases like "Quand est-ce que
               | vous partez aux Etas-Unis?" (When are you leaving for the
               | United States?), "Tu as ton ticket? (Do you have your
               | ticket?), "Nous cherchons un bon hotel a Paris." (We are
               | looking for a good hotel in Paris).
               | 
               | How are these nonsense phrases? Seems like some useful
               | things to know as a traveler.
               | 
               | Maybe it's the different language courses. But I also did
               | a lot of Esperanto and it had similar quality phrases to
               | learn as this French course.
        
             | vindarel wrote:
             | A big shootout and kuddos to Language Transfer. I love
             | their method (since I loved Michel Thomas, we see the
             | influence).
             | 
             | "Don't try to remember, don't do homework, but repeat with
             | the two other students. It is of our responsibility [the
             | teacher] to make you understand the language. What you
             | know, you don't forget" (para-phrasing)
             | 
             | And it works (for me(c) and surely for more software
             | engineers).
             | 
             | https://www.michelthomas.com/
        
             | vitro wrote:
             | Adding one more:
             | 
             | * https://www.latudio.com/ - listening first approach,
             | pause and show sentence if you don't understand, practice
             | words you didn't get later, 4 types of exercises, scripted
             | conversations being one of them
             | 
             | And a possibility of a one-time purchase.
             | 
             | Disclaimer: I'm a co-founder
        
           | huimang wrote:
           | The only method worse than Duolingo for language learning is
           | possibly the traditional classroom, in my humble opinion.
           | 
           | My background is that I've studied Korean for ~8 years now,
           | as a native English speaker. Like most US citizens I took
           | Spanish classes in middle & high school. I did the
           | traditional classroom method with 3 semesters of German in
           | college. And I forgot most of Spanish and German aside from
           | some words and grammatical rules, because neither got me to a
           | level of conversations with native speakers or being able to
           | engage with media.
           | 
           | Duolingo and most classrooms (I know there are exceptional
           | curriculums and exceptional students) don't prepare you to
           | actually speak to people. They prepare you to engage within
           | their systems, aka answering tests or whatever. This is not
           | speaking a language but moreso learning about it
           | academically.
           | 
           | There is a lot to discuss but I've never been able to
           | recommend Duolingo, even before they reduced their staff and
           | replaced them with AI. Why? Because it's inefficient with
           | regards to your time, and the content is too insubstantial.
           | It's possible to spend a year of your time on Duolingo and
           | barely be able to speak the language at all with someone...
           | which is kinda the whole point of studying a language?
           | 
           | I love the hobby of studying languages and things like
           | Duolingo and the classroom method put people off when they
           | can't speak very much even after a long time investment,
           | which is damn shame.
           | 
           | My point is neither should really be looked towards for
           | substantial language learning methods.
        
             | codetrotter wrote:
             | > neither should really be looked towards for substantial
             | language learning methods
             | 
             | What should one do instead?
        
               | N_Lens wrote:
               | Post critical comments on HN obviously.
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | internet_points posted good advice a comment or two
               | above. Duolingo _is_ ok as a starting point, but (as was
               | said before), move on as soon as possible. As a poster
               | above did, I also spent way way too long on Duolingo,
               | chasing the 'streak'. And got nowhere. I already had a
               | foundation when I started, but I got no farther in a year
               | or more of daily Duo. All progress stopped. When I
               | finally switched to graded input instead, and deleted
               | everything Duo from my devices, things finally picked up
               | again. I could have used the time I wasted on Duo to get
               | input instead, it's something which actually works (when
               | the input is compelling and something which can be mostly
               | understood).
        
               | huimang wrote:
               | There is no one magic solution. Every person I know who
               | has learned a language to an advanced degree has used a
               | variety of methods, diligently, over a long period of
               | time, depending on their current needs. I can give a
               | brief overview of some tools that I find to be efficient
               | in terms of time and payoff, in no particular order.
               | 
               | 1. SRS - Spaced Repetition Software, for flashcards. Anki
               | is the gold standard. It's open source and free on every
               | pc/android/etc except iphone where it's $20 I think. I
               | recommend finding a good starting deck with about 3k to
               | 6k words to help build your core vocabulary. In my case
               | it was "Evita's 5k Korean". For about 6-8 months I
               | grinded 20 new words per day, which means about 30-50
               | minutes of Anki depending on if you missed a day or not
               | and thus had a backlog. If you have less time I recommend
               | 5 or 10 new words per day.
               | 
               | 2. Find trusted resources for grammar and structured
               | learning. You might have to hunt around but for Korean, I
               | found some excellent websites, Youtubers, and textbooks
               | like Korean Grammar in Use I-III. These materials really
               | are the core of your studying. Vocab doesn't help much if
               | you don't know grammar and you certainly can't say
               | anything without vocab. These are how you get to output,
               | i.e. writing and speaking correctly.
               | 
               | 3. Find graded readers if possible. Roughly, these are
               | texts designed around 90% comprehension which is a
               | sweetspot for learning new words naturally through
               | context. Unfortunately at the time I couldnt find any for
               | Korean, but I've watched friends use them for e.g.
               | Mandarin Chinese and learn quite a lot of vocabulary in a
               | short time.
               | 
               | 4. Find someone who can correct your writing in some
               | form. Whether that's a private tutor or a friend who's
               | native language is your target language and their target
               | language is your native language. In the past I found
               | some dedicated learners through HelloTalk who would trade
               | journal entries with me. I would correct their English
               | and they would correct my Korean. It goes without saying
               | that you need to practice output in your target language
               | when possible, both in writing and in speech.
               | 
               | 5. Find a _good_ language exchange and /or friends who
               | speak your target language. By good, I mean a structured
               | language exchange that enforces pairings and language
               | usage. In Seoul I find that most "language exchanges" are
               | excuses to drink and and chat, mostly in English. There
               | was one language exchange that 1:1 Korean language-only
               | pairings for 1 hour, then I repaid that with 2-3 30minute
               | pairings of 2-3 people in English. This is where you put
               | your textbook/solo studies to practice by actually
               | speaking (and hopefully getting corrections). Eventually
               | I hit a plateau and got tired of having similar
               | conversations, plus paying $10 per event. I also found a
               | few lifelong friends who are studying English and thus we
               | can ping each other for random questions.
               | 
               | 6. Find some spaces or groups that are -only- in your
               | target language. With the internet it's easier than ever
               | now with Discord. For example, my friend learned a lot of
               | French by hanging out in French speaking gaming servers
               | on discord. There are also apps like Hilokal and
               | HelloTalk, but I haven't used them in a while so I can't
               | speak to their quality anymore. Lastly there are offline
               | options depending on your area. In the US I used Meetup
               | to find language groups and in Korea I use, well, a
               | korean equivalent to find groups in niches I enjoy.
               | 
               | 7. Lastly, and this isn't a tool, but "If you want to
               | improve, be content to be thought foolish and stupid." -
               | Epictetus. In learning a language, you _will_ make
               | mistakes and you _will_ say things that sound stupid. It
               | 's okay. It's unavoidable and you make good progress by
               | learning from these mistakes, so long as you reflect on
               | them and understand why the mistake occurred. The people
               | who focus on being perfect and making zero mistakes in
               | learning a language, in my experience, do not go very
               | far.
        
               | spudlyo wrote:
               | These are some great tips. Having consistent daily
               | exposure to your target language I think is important.
               | Compelling graded readers can make spending that time
               | every day enjoyable and not feel like a chore. A stress-
               | free positive learning environment helps quite a bit with
               | the subconscious process of language acquisition; it's
               | what Krashen calls the "Affective Filter Hypothesis".
        
               | InsideOutSanta wrote:
               | I can only tell you what worked for me: it's input. Read.
               | Start using any brute-force method to learn the basics,
               | like the 100 most common words. Then start reading
               | stories aimed at toddlers (or especially written for
               | language learners, there are apps), and keep going to
               | more complex input as you progress.
               | 
               | Do not worry about grammar; you will learn it intuitively
               | as you move from simple sentences to more complex blocks
               | of text. Do not worry about learning word lists after you
               | have the basics; learn words in the context of the text
               | you're reading.
               | 
               | (I have no qualifications besides being a self-taught
               | English and Chinese speaker, so take my input for what
               | it's worth.)
        
             | pbmonster wrote:
             | > and most classrooms (I know there are exceptional
             | curriculums and exceptional students) don't prepare you to
             | actually speak to people
             | 
             | Is this really how language lessons are taught in US high
             | schools? I've learned English and French in high school,
             | and we were forced to speak all the time.
             | 
             | * Read a story together (who's reading aloud is frequently
             | switched), then the teacher asks questions about the story
             | and picks students to answer. The student answers, if
             | there's errors the teacher fixes them, and the student
             | repeats the corrected answer.
             | 
             | * When you learn new grammar, the teacher starts a
             | sentence, and a student has to finish it using the new
             | grammatical structure (or similar exercises). This was
             | followed by homework, where all those exercises happened
             | again, in writing.
             | 
             | By year 3, we also did lots of essay-style writing, which
             | is where you really drill down into learning the language.
             | Essays were graded and discussed.
             | 
             | In my opinion, this is the best (and also most expensive)
             | way to thoroughly learn a language, it can only really be
             | improved by cutting down the size of the class to ideally
             | 2-3 students - which, of course, makes it even more
             | expensive.
        
               | huimang wrote:
               | We did do those kinds of things. For example, speaking
               | with a partner or having to give a 5 minute talk to the
               | teacher on something.
               | 
               | The problem is that it's grossly inefficient time-wise,
               | and the content of "conversations" was always very, very
               | simple. "Hi my name is _, I like the color _, My hometown
               | is in _, how are you today?" Is not a real conversation.
               | It's boring and most students learn the vocab for the
               | upcoming chapter's test, then forget it after.
               | 
               | I'll concede that with 3 semesters of German, were I to
               | pick it up again, I would probably do so pretty quickly
               | given that the teachers paid a lot of attention to our
               | essays.
               | 
               | It's probable that small classes would help because the
               | teacher could then be more of a private tutor. But with
               | 20-30 size classes, only really motivated students who
               | already study/watch media outside of school will excel.
               | So it's kind of redundant in my opinion.
               | 
               | Diligent self-study with attending a language exchange or
               | another environment to speak/practice the language will
               | yield much greater results much faster. You can study the
               | same textbooks at your own pace, you can find additional
               | material and study groups, and you can hire a tutor at
               | times to fill in gaps.
               | 
               | I think if you're a college student it's fine since you
               | have to pick a class anyway (I had to take 3 semesters of
               | any language), but as an adult where time is
               | significantly more precious, I can't recommend it. In a
               | sibling comment I went over what I do use.
        
               | pbmonster wrote:
               | > "Hi my name is _, I like the color _, My hometown is in
               | _, how are you today?" Is not a real conversation.
               | 
               | That's... "first two weeks"-level of language lessons,
               | right? No reason not to progress to children's stories
               | and newspaper articles in time.
               | 
               | We basically never did speaking with a partner, I think
               | our teachers realized that most students will learn
               | little from that. It was always student teacher
               | interactions, but in a way that required everybody to pay
               | attention/participate. The teacher would ask a question,
               | waited a few seconds so everybody could begin forming a
               | response, and then pick a student to answer.
               | 
               | Not listening and mentally preparing an answer risked
               | getting picked, failing, and getting admonished/ridiculed
               | - and the teachers were (naturally) pretty good at
               | calling on students who had drifted off. If you were
               | paying attention, you also constantly compared your
               | prepared response with what other students were
               | answering, which made you think about correct grammar,
               | ect.
               | 
               | I think if you have the resources to do 5 hours of
               | language lessons a week, this is the best way. If you're
               | learning independently, your way is probably more
               | effective in terms of time and money. I've saved your
               | other comment, I really should get back into Spanish...
        
               | terinjokes wrote:
               | In my four years of US high school Spanish in South
               | Florida, I don't recall a single time we read complete
               | stories or newspaper articles. It was entirely grammar
               | and vocabulary in isolation. When there was speaking
               | exercises the teachers did not make an effort to have the
               | native speakers speak with the non-native speakers.
               | 
               | The only thing close to what I'd now call "Compelling
               | Comprehensive Input" that I recall is a single week where
               | we watched a Friends-style miniseries about an English
               | speaker moving to Spain.
               | 
               | You would not be surprised ik spreek geen spaans.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | > That's... "first two weeks"-level of language lessons,
               | right? No reason not to progress to children's stories
               | and newspaper articles in time.
               | 
               | After trying for years to learn my wife's native
               | language, I haven't really gotten past the "my name is _"
               | and a few other key phrases. I've got _maybe_ 10 phrases
               | memorized and I think that's all my brain can hold at
               | this point. Language learning is not for everyone.
        
               | pbmonster wrote:
               | > Language learning is not for everyone.
               | 
               | That's certainly true, but there's probably another
               | effect at play here: language learning is extremely time
               | intensive, and you don't progress if you're not
               | practicing a minimum amount of hours per month - you even
               | lose progress again.
               | 
               | You probably could break through to hundreds of phrases
               | with spaced repetition software and "only" a concentrated
               | effort of a few dozen hours. But, yes, this requires
               | almost daily practice. And then later, many hours of
               | maintenance effort.
        
               | bmacho wrote:
               | > It's probable that small classes would help because the
               | teacher could then be more of a private tutor. But with
               | 20-30 size classes, only really motivated students who
               | already study/watch media outside of school will excel.
               | So it's kind of redundant in my opinion.
               | 
               | Yup. Motivated students learn the language in the
               | classroom (+ self-study) just fine. Unmotivated students
               | don't, but they are not motivated anyway.
        
             | eythian wrote:
             | That's interesting to me. From my perspective, I didn't
             | find Duolingo great, but it did give me some vocab and
             | basic sentences, and left me feeling more competent than I
             | actually ended up being once I was living where they speak
             | the language I was learning.
             | 
             | Since then I did classes on-again, off-again and I can
             | really feel my ability ramping up when I'm doing them, to
             | the point where I was having short conversations in that
             | second language. When I'm not doing classes, I'm still
             | reinforcing things through my surroundings but I definitely
             | feel that I plateau and don't really get much better.
             | 
             | However, the classes did get me to a point where now I can
             | do things like play D&D in my second language. I still
             | don't feel fluent (I have to active-listen the whole time
             | which is tiring, and sometimes mentally translate still,
             | though that's improving) but I am pretty conversational,
             | and the classes definitely made a big difference for me.
             | 
             | Perhaps it's that there are classes and then there are
             | classes, and you've had bad luck with the quality or nature
             | of yours?
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | English grammar (my native language) has always been a
           | mystery to me. Any time I hear about participles or present
           | perfect or infinitives or passive voice etc... my eyes glaze
           | over and I have no idea what any of it means. In school I
           | failed those units.
           | 
           | Learning a new language from grammar principles wouldn't be a
           | very effective path for me...
        
             | spudlyo wrote:
             | It's funny, but I always found English grammar (also my
             | native language) to be completely pointless, but I find
             | myself really enjoying learning about Latin grammar, and as
             | a result marveling about how weird English is. It's
             | fascinating that one subsystem in our brain can completely
             | understand our native language's grammar, and yet another
             | part finds it unfathomable.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | In high school French class, I had the same problems with
               | grammar in that language.
               | 
               | For example, to teach plus-que-parfait my teacher used
               | English language analogies and they were all useless for
               | me. Again, I failed that part of the course but my grades
               | were high enough to pass without it.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Research has figured out that grammar is the wrong thing to
           | focus on in a classroom. There are better ways to teach in a
           | classroom that work. However many schools are not following
           | the latest research so you need to find a good one.
           | 
           | grammar is good in the classroom - but not until every lesson
           | gets you thinking so that is why I do X. If you are not used
           | to the grammar don't learn it. So don't start until you have
           | had around 50 hours in the classroom.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | _> recently started to learn another language with Duolingo_
           | 
           | Duolingo feels great when you're starting. You feel like you
           | make a lot of progress quickly, and it's fun, so you do it
           | every day. Before you know it, you've done it for half a
           | year, and then you try to talk to somebody and realize that
           | you've learned very little.
           | 
           |  _> the traditional "keep learning all the different grammar
           | combinations first"_
           | 
           | Yes, this is also a bad approach. They're both bad.
        
         | mawadev wrote:
         | I like how this type of critique pops up when someone sits down
         | and makes a free/libre version of an app with a flawed premise.
        
           | bornfreddy wrote:
           | Well, you can also understand it as "while you are at it,
           | maybe try to fix the fundamental flaws in DuoLingo?".
           | DuoLingo is great at keeping learners motivated, but at
           | learning - not so much (in my experience).
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | One thing duolingo should he is after every 5 ten minute
             | sessions it should be a ten minute "slow news in the target
             | language" session. There are lots of other options on this
             | line. Really every duolingo style app needs to tell people
             | sooner "you are done, go find something else", either do
             | that by refusing to let them use the app (that will make
             | the VC's unhappy), or give them a different style of study
             | that is more useful than flashcards.
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | Exactly. Duolingo is a dopamine-delivery, feel-good game app
         | for people who want to waste time but not feel too guilty about
         | it. It's not for learning a language.
         | 
         | Intermediate and advanced language learning requires
         | interaction with humans.
         | 
         | It's great for those who don't want to interact with humans or
         | feel awkward during a human exchange. It's a safe space
        
         | zsoltkacsandi wrote:
         | > Duolingo focuses on learning by translation, basically. ...
         | It's an utterly broken approach to learning languages
         | 
         | No it's not. It's not even an approach, it's a method to
         | improve a subset of skills, you need to complement it with
         | other methods to improve your other skills in a given language.
         | 
         | While I agree that Duolingo can be counterproductive for
         | language learning, but it's not because of the "translation",
         | but that they do not communicate two things clearly:
         | 
         | - this alone won't make you a fluent speaker (or reach your
         | goal, whatever it would be), you need to complement it with
         | other methods/materials
         | 
         | - at what point you should move on from Duolingo
        
           | palata wrote:
           | > but that they do not communicate two things clearly: > this
           | alone won't make you a fluent speaker
           | 
           | Pretty sure that they say it, repeatedly, on their blog. I
           | only read a handful of their blog posts and more than one
           | mentioned it.
           | 
           | > at what point you should move on from Duolingo
           | 
           | I won't blame them for assuming common sense. If you haven't
           | reached a level where you can e.g. read news in the language
           | you are learning, then you probably won't try e.g. while
           | waiting 10 minutes for a train. And there, it's better to do
           | 10 minutes of Duolingo than 10 minutes of TikTok.
        
             | zsoltkacsandi wrote:
             | > Pretty sure that they say it, repeatedly, on their blog.
             | I only read a handful of their blog posts and more than one
             | mentioned it.
             | 
             | Most users don't read blog posts - they interact with the
             | app. If critical information about how to use the product
             | effectively is buried outside the main experience, that's
             | poor communication.
             | 
             | Also, it's worth remembering: Duolingo is a language-
             | learning app for people all over the world, many of whom
             | don't speak English well enough to even understand their
             | blog.
             | 
             | > I won't blame them for assuming common sense.
             | 
             | It's not about "common sense" either. Language learning is
             | not intuitive for most people - especially first-timers
             | (who their target audience are by the way). Many users
             | assume that completing a Duolingo "course" means they are
             | "done."
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | My two cents: I tried learning a bit of German through duolingo
         | in the past and I agree, it's completely useless.
         | 
         | Recently I started taking Spanish classes and it's nice.
         | Classes teach me grammar and a relatively small set of words,
         | duolingo is teaching a few more words.
         | 
         | The amount of advertising is too much imho, and the paid
         | subscription is too expensive (as in, not worth what I'd be
         | getting).
         | 
         | So overall... Yeah it's a bit weird that duolingo as a company
         | stays afloat at all.
        
         | luotuoshangdui wrote:
         | Because Duolingo is perhaps the most well-known language
         | learning app right now, people call their apps 'alternatives to
         | Duolingo' regardless of how much they actually have in common.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Yeah Duolingo is so bad. It doesn't explain what you're trying
         | to do, why one word is better than the other. It's just dumb
         | gamification.
         | 
         | I learn a lot more from taking to an LLM, asking it to make me
         | language questions and then explaining the answers if I don't
         | get them right. Duolingo is obsolete.
        
           | gary17the wrote:
           | > Duolingo is obsolete.
           | 
           | I have to defend Duolingo a bit here. After only 60 days of
           | short, daily 15-minute lessons, I was able to start forming
           | valid (albeit simple) sentences such as "where is the
           | bathroom in this building?" that were never explicitly
           | presented on Duolingo and thus must have been assembled, not
           | memorized, by my brain. I don't think it's reasonable to ask
           | for anything more.
           | 
           | I think the trick is to push yourself and - as soon as you
           | can - attempt to ignore sentence building blocks and hints
           | provided by Duolingo and always try to build all exercise
           | answers entirely from scratch in your head. That forces your
           | brain to create "a set of rules" for using a language as
           | opposed to memorizing "a set of samples" of a language. I'm
           | usually good at remembering how things work and notoriously
           | bad at memorizing all the samples of things that exist.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | Every time Duolingo comes up, people express their weird
             | standard for it: If it can't take you all the way, it's
             | useless. Which applies to literally every method for
             | learning a language.
             | 
             | And when you press someone on their alternatives to
             | Duolingo, most of the criticism falls apart. The OP's
             | pitched alternative is a classroom where the teacher points
             | down and says "this is a table"? That doesn't compete with
             | an app I'm using on the metro.
             | 
             | Another alternative people pitch is consuming content in
             | the language, something I was able to do after using
             | Duolingo (read the news).
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | That was simply an example of what's actually used in
               | schools teaching adult immigrants of all ages! It was not
               | something I pitched as an alternative to Duolingo.
               | (Though it must be said that this particular school I
               | mentioned has a very good track record in churning out
               | able speakers, though this is not something a casual
               | learner would want to try. It's basically full time.
               | Very, very hard.)
               | 
               | For language learning there are more good options now
               | than ever before. Not all of them are equally good for
               | everyone, we're all different after all. I, for example,
               | have always been utterly unable to learn by memorizing
               | stuff (word lists or whatever), but I know people doing
               | the exact same who can actually transfer that to active
               | use. I never could. On the other hand I'm good at
               | learning by reading and listening to input, as long as I
               | can get the gist of it. I learned Italian to a survival
               | level by first using phrasebooks so that I could book
               | hotels and order food, and at the same time I listened to
               | people for hours every day, for weeks and months at the
               | time (because I was surrounded by people). Then I came
               | across a shelf chock full of Peanut comics, in Italian.
               | Ideal material. You see the story, you read the text, you
               | understand what they're most probably saying, and after a
               | shelf-meter of that I had grasped quite complex Italian
               | grammar (some of which doesn't exist in my native
               | language). Then I continued with Calvin and Hobbes books,
               | with text in addition to the actual comics, and then
               | newspapers and books. And all the time listening, and
               | speaking with people in shops and elsewhere. That's an
               | approach which works for me. This was all before Youtube
               | and net resources.
               | 
               | Now there are so many options.. at least for popular
               | languages. Graded input is what I would recommend. What's
               | more important than anything is that it's interesting.
               | And it's important not to fall in the trap of learning
               | _about_ a language instead of actually learning the
               | language. The former is easy, and interesting.. but won
               | 't teach you the language.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | I just wrote this in another comment, but the hardest
               | part of language learning is the daily practice.
               | 
               | Learning how the language works is the easy part. But
               | only through the daily practice part do you develop the
               | skills to read, write, and speak on the fly.
               | 
               | So the question comes down to: what are you willing to do
               | every day to get that practice in? Especially when you're
               | a noob well under the level needed to do (or stay
               | interested in) more interesting things like read the
               | news.
               | 
               | That's what Duolingo helps people with. And it's already
               | compatible with the things you mention, like reading
               | comics.
               | 
               | You might be falling into the trap of looking at people
               | who aren't motivated to do anything but use one app on
               | their phone and then pretending they'd otherwise have the
               | motivation to learn through an ideal you have that
               | requires more motivation.
               | 
               | When I started Duolingo I didn't even see myself as
               | someone who would or could learn a language, so trying to
               | read comics in Spanish was never on the table (much less
               | a phrasebook, ugh), not an alternative that Duolingo was
               | shutting down. Yet after months I realized I could
               | incidentally read BBC Mundo. I'd wager most people are in
               | this camp since Duolingo is such a "might as well"
               | opportunity very much unlike your proposed alternatives
               | where you assume everyone is super motivated.
        
               | jamager wrote:
               | Daily practice is very important, yes, but languages are
               | genuinely difficult beasts on their own.
               | 
               | Thousands of words and grammar rules that you need to
               | grasp real time. Just mindless or Duolingo-ish daily
               | practice doesn't take you nearly there.
        
               | jamager wrote:
               | No, it is because Duolingo is an addictive trap optimized
               | for "engagement" (not learning) that requires you an
               | absurd amount of time to progress very little, because it
               | is explicitly designed to be ineffective with the looks
               | of being effective (that's how they make money).
               | 
               | Want alternatives? Among apps, LingQ, for example, or
               | LanguageTransfer. Among not apps, Lonely Planet
               | phrasebooks and StoryLearning graded readers.
               | 
               | There are really many good options if one bothers to
               | search.
        
               | ben7799 wrote:
               | Also every time Duolingo comes up people criticize it
               | based on where the free tier was years ago.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Just make very, very sure you have a good multilingual LLM.
           | Probably don't even try this with low resource languages even
           | at the best models. Speaking in languages other than English
           | (maybe the top 5 next or so as well, I wouldn't know) seems
           | to be a skill that quick to be sacrificed if a model is
           | quantisized, distilled, fine tuned or otherwise adapted. Take
           | the top Qwen model released today, all the versions I can run
           | locally totally trash Norwegian grammar. And they even claim
           | it (both written forms!) as one of the languages they
           | explicitly trained on.
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | Oh yeah good point but I'm doing English to Spanish and
             | these languages are well represented in the big models.
        
         | anonzzzies wrote:
         | Whats a better way and mobile app? I tried a few but everything
         | is pretty crap. Then a lot languages like Spanish or Portuguese
         | are often the south American ones even though they (including
         | duolingo) say they are not, which means it's fully unusable as
         | no one will take you serious.
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | I have a bit of a different perspective. Sure, Duolingo is
         | suboptimal and won't teach you a language on its own, but I'd
         | say that language classes themselves is no better.
         | 
         | Specifically, I consider the fundamental missing piece to allow
         | achieving language intermediacy or fluency to be confidence and
         | sporadic language use, and you have to be lucky for a language
         | class to give you this. Hearing about grammar and having Q&As
         | is nice, but that teaches language theory, not fluency. Trying
         | to converse about a specific topic with other non-fluent and
         | disinterested individuals does not teach fluency, and not every
         | conversation will be with the teacher - the only (hopefully)
         | fluent person in the room - and even if the option is present,
         | some might be uncomfortable with it.
         | 
         | On the other hand, if you have achieved some confidence and
         | means to exercise the language - which you don't acquire from a
         | language class - then I'd consider Duolingo to be a decent
         | vocab and sentence exercise tool. Some cultures rely on
         | flashcard approaches to teach their written language to locals,
         | so it's not that silly. Duolingo does also have reading and
         | listening comprehension tests.
         | 
         | Furthermore, I'd argue that newer LLM-based exercises might end
         | up being superior to both traditional "pool of random non-
         | fluent people" language classes and duolingo's current model,
         | and arguably the task that large _language_ models are _most_
         | suited for.
         | 
         | (Note that Duolingo classes differ a lot between languages - my
         | experience is from Mandarin.)
        
           | Tor3 wrote:
           | I do agree with a lot of what you write. I maintain that
           | Duolingo is the wrong approach to actually _learn_ a language
           | (even though there are differences between the various
           | languages covered by Duolingo). However, I did somewhat
           | successfully use Duolingo to refresh some intermediate-level
           | Italian grammar (not grammar training, but I could observe
           | various grammatically different sentences), after having been
           | away from the language for fifteen years. This was some
           | twelve years ago, and Duolingo has changed so much for the
           | last few years (mostly for the worse, while I was still
           | wasting time on Duo for for another language), so I don 't
           | know the state of the Italian course now.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | You've twice written about what is the wrong way to learn a
             | new language -- what's your right way? Why did you use Duo'
             | instead of 'the right way'? Perhaps that explains why one
             | might create a OSS version of Duo.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | The method that worked for me: A 90 day course for
               | learning the basic of the grammar and some thematic
               | vocabulary (better than duolingo as it has whole
               | conversation, both written and spoken). An awful lot of
               | reading book, listening to shows, sporadic speaking and
               | writing. Learned English that way without ever travelling
               | to an English speaking country.
        
               | dkarbayev wrote:
               | I've learned English by scrolling endless memes on Imgur
               | (back when it used to be an image storage for Reddit),
               | and watching a lot of Youtube videos on the topics that
               | interested me (tech and car reviews - like LTT and Doug
               | DeMuro). But that only developed my passive vocabulary
               | (reading and listening). I only really learned speaking
               | English once I started working remotely for an australian
               | company, and further improved the fluency after moving
               | abroad (to the Netherlands).
               | 
               | I'm currently doing German lessons on Duolingo, and what
               | I dislike the most is that it keeps shoving "useless"
               | words into my face (the words that are irrelevant for me
               | and that I'll most likely never use) - I wish there was
               | an option to choose the topics that I find interesting so
               | that it'd mix the words that more relevant with the
               | everyday use words to better taylor the vocab for me.
               | Another shortcoming is that it never actually explains
               | the grammar rules, you can only try to analyze the
               | examples yourself, trying to notice any patterns. Some
               | are good in that, others are bad - so why don't they
               | spare us that mental gymnastics and provide at least
               | minimal explanation?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Comprehesible input. find something basic you can
               | understand and immerse your self in it. Often this is
               | childrens books/shows or similar level designed for
               | adults.
               | 
               | at the start you use a translation dictionary to look up
               | ever word which is boring - which is why approaches like
               | duolingo where they give you around 2000 common words to
               | memorize quickly are useful. However the goal is to learn
               | just enough of that list that you can find something you
               | understand to start the real learning on.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Maybe "immersion" works if you already know the language
               | and are going for fluency, but I don't see how it can get
               | you from zero to one. I've tried as an adult and failed
               | to learn my wife's native language and no amount of
               | "input" at any speed or level helps. It just washes over
               | me and I don't understand anything.
        
               | dingnuts wrote:
               | I'm like three days from my one year Duo streak. I've
               | gone from understanding none of my wife's native language
               | to being able to eavesdrop on phone conversations a bit,
               | and to have short exchanges. I've probably spent half an
               | hour daily on average. Sometimes a lot more.
               | 
               | I had no prior exposure. This website is weird, the
               | comments never reflect reality for me on any topic.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | Comprehensible input works really well and was
               | popularized by a video that went viral a few years ago
               | entitled "How to acquire any language NOT learn it!" [0]
               | 
               | The method described in the video involves focusing on
               | listening for the first year by having someone read
               | magazines and books to you in the target language,
               | pointing and using other gestures to convey the meaning
               | of words you don't understand. This method works quite
               | well but it is very difficult to find anyone who will
               | consistently meet with you and practice like this before
               | you have reached a certain level of understanding, and
               | very few people want to learn this way because they see
               | it as a waste of time.
               | 
               | One of the key aspects of this model is that you should
               | not be translating between your native and your target
               | language, which is what you usually do on apps like
               | Duolingo. This has led to a subset of comprehensible
               | input evangelists to fixate on insisting that Duolingo
               | doesn't work. The reality is that the method that works
               | is the method you use consistently over time. Once you
               | get to a certain level of fluency, you can have actual
               | conversations to reinforce your learning, at which point
               | drill methods like Duolingo will usually plateau while
               | exposure methods like comprehensible input will still be
               | useful for improving grammar and pronunciation.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=illApgaLgGA
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Comprehensible input is not immersion.
               | 
               | > It just washes over me and I don't understand anything.
               | 
               | Things you don't understand are not comprehensible to
               | you, so this was not experience with comprehensible
               | input. If you don't know anything at all, you can at
               | least collect words.
               | 
               | Look into "graded readers." They're basically children's
               | books, except native children are fluent and would find
               | them primitive.
               | 
               | What you're looking for is a situation where you
               | understand 98% of what is going on, and you're baffled by
               | the last 2%. If that situation is two- and three-word
               | sentences spoken slowly, then that's the input you should
               | be looking for (and which Duolingo isn't bad for.) The
               | goal is to walk away from that thing you knew 98% of, but
               | now with the last 2%.
               | 
               | Anecdotally, download comic books in your target
               | language. The pictures help enormously in getting you to
               | that 98%.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | I've been studying Japanese for over a year now with the
               | ultimate goal of being able to have basic conversations,
               | and have been using the immersion method.
               | 
               | My way of dealing with the fact that hardly any input is
               | actually comprehensible is to actually translate, at leas
               | in the beginning. I got a couple of vocabulary books and
               | a grammar book (aimed at passing the N5 and N4 [A1 and A2
               | equivalent] language exams), and drilled the vocabulary
               | and grammar with a redsheet and an anki deck. The thing
               | is though, that I only need to translate the word/grammar
               | concept the first couple of times I see it, after that it
               | is much quicker (and better for remembering) to judge if
               | how well you intuitively know the word/grammar concept
               | from the anki deck (or if you are able to fill in the
               | blank with a red sheet). Over time you can build up your
               | vocabulary and grammar and the input gets gradually more
               | comprehensible.
               | 
               | While drilling vocab and grammar I also listen to pod-
               | casts, usually while walking my dog, or at the gym. It is
               | helpful even if you don't understand most of it. Usually
               | --at the beginning--I am able to pick up a couple of
               | words I know, which reinforces them, but also I get used
               | to the pronunciation and the rhythm of the language.
               | After a year I am able to comprehend maybe 60-70% (on a
               | good day) of some pod-cast episodes aimed at beginners.
               | But at the beginning it was maybe 5%.
               | 
               | I think what Duolingo gets wrong is that after you are
               | introduced to the word or a grammar concept, you keep
               | translating it. This is at best a waste of time, and at
               | worst, prevents you from getting an intuitive
               | understanding of the word/grammar. I think another
               | mistake of Duolingo is the fact they spend too much time
               | on learning a single word or grammar, repeating it too
               | many times at the beginning. What I prefer is to dedicate
               | some time with the word/grammar, find connections (also
               | with the kanji spelling of it), and then move on. Most
               | likely I will remember it after a couple of exposures
               | that session, and if not, SRS should do the trick the
               | following weeks.
        
           | rvba wrote:
           | Using AI for conversations is really interesting approach -
           | it generally speaks the language correctly (not like
           | classmates).
        
           | isaacremuant wrote:
           | Next time pay enough for a class or have a good private tutor
           | and all you've said becomes true.
           | 
           | But hey, the alternative is pretending classes are not better
           | than Duolingo so go do that and you'll have the same results.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | No, private tutors are definitely better but they are no
             | silver bullet. Having a great private tutors often and long
             | enough to exercise sporadic conversation and gain
             | confidence in language use - a class a few times a week at
             | least - is also a prohibitively expensive solution
             | suggestion for most people, making it a non-solution.
             | 
             | You also end in a false dichotomy.
        
               | isaacremuant wrote:
               | This site is full of web developers telling people they
               | get what they pay for but then call tutors "prohibitively
               | expensive".
               | 
               | You want that education, invest in it. With time and
               | money. Of course, the "a few minutes per day in the
               | commute for 9.99" feels attractive and it even gets you
               | to a basic stage but then it's what we already discussed.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | Private tutoring for 1 hour, 3 times a week at the
               | current rates offered by local freelancers where I live
               | would be ballpark 1000 USD per month for a long time. If
               | you start nitpicking about quality and put in some more
               | serious hours I wouldn't be surprised if you hit two
               | grand.
               | 
               | Language should not be reserved for people that can throw
               | that kind of money monthly at their random hobbies, and
               | suggesting that this is " _the_ solution " is grotesque
               | at best.
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | I don't trust Duolingo so I've never used it but I've been
         | looking for something similar that seems less megacorporate and
         | still would allow me to add to my vocabulary in a few languages
         | in such a lazy way.
         | 
         | TFA might work for my use case.
        
         | trueismywork wrote:
         | One advantage or learning by translation is that you can figure
         | out the parts in language that you already know which are
         | missing in the new language. That way you can modify the new
         | language you are learning to suit your needs. Instead of being
         | limited by the limitations of the new language.
         | 
         | For a lot of professionals, this is excellent because they can
         | seamlessly now move between languages without having to
         | translate concepts.
         | 
         | I'm on my 6th language now and most language teachers are
         | absolutely horrid having no sense of how to teach.
        
         | porridgeraisin wrote:
         | It's a broken approach only if you are talking about the
         | academic approach to learning language. If all you want is to
         | be able to form basic sentences with some english nouns (which
         | is mostly all most people want from a secondary language) then
         | it is absolutely productive.
        
         | jamager wrote:
         | There is nothing wrong with learning via translation.
         | 
         | What Duolingo does wrong is many other things: emotional
         | manipulation, lack of context, low content density, countless
         | distractions, being mobile first, and a long list. But
         | translation is OK.
        
         | crispyambulance wrote:
         | People have vastly different needs when learning a second
         | language. Many folks never need to progress beyond "perpetual
         | beginner" and that's perfectly fine.
         | 
         | If you're traveling for work or pleasure, it's nice to learn
         | some key things about the language and freshen up on
         | vocabulary. Basic words/phrases about time, money, food,
         | etiquette, and travel will go surprisingly far when you put
         | yourself somewhere that another language is spoken. That's what
         | duolingo and, I guess, things like it do well. It doesn't
         | matter if it's focused on translation at that most basic level.
         | 
         | To actually learn a language takes a lot of time. Years of
         | regular sustained effort. I don't know what is meant by "modern
         | methods" but I am skeptical that they're vastly better than
         | classroom instruction, and in any case, the outcomes will
         | depend more on the motivation of the student than the exact
         | method used. The only way to shorten the time it takes to learn
         | is total immersion.
        
           | dilap wrote:
           | You're a little too kind to Duolingo. It is useful for the
           | very, very beginning, but people sink a _ton_ of time into it
           | which could 've been used to actually learn the language.
           | 
           | Making something as fun to use as Duolingo but that actually
           | teaches you the language is an open problem.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | > but people sink a ton of time into it which could've been
             | used to actually learn the language.
             | 
             | Or it would be used to do something completely different
             | that is nor language learning at all. There is this
             | hypothetical world where the 10min of duolingo before sleep
             | with some binging here and there is the only thing to
             | prevent you feo. regularly spending considerably more
             | effort (and time) if a more serious effort.
             | 
             | That is just not how it works.
             | 
             | Here is the thing - Duolingo is actually teaching things.
             | Slowly. And not things of your choice. But you are slowly
             | progressing. And it gets you further then downloading anki
             | deck or graded reader you find boring or even language
             | transfer and giving up on them three weeks later.
             | 
             | You can make an app with different trade off or more fun
             | app. But you will have to choose between causual and
             | intensive.
        
               | dilap wrote:
               | Yeah, that's fair -- you can view Duolingo as just,
               | basically, a fun game, and you do learn _something_.
               | 
               | But I do think there's space for something equally
               | entertaining (not anki decks!) and more effective.
               | 
               | I learned Spanish decently well, and I think one of the
               | most helpful things I did for that was just hanging out
               | with people, speaking Spanish, and drinking -- not
               | grueling at all, very fun!
               | 
               | What's the app equivalent of that?
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | Duolingo is free and convenient. That alone makes it better
         | than a lot of tools. With a few months long streak in Italian,
         | I could get by on vacation & get the gist of some sports blogs.
         | I think it's fine if people aren't motivated to go beyond this
         | point.
         | 
         | It really did help with vocab. No, duolingo didn't teach the
         | finer points of grammar, but it's not like native speakers
         | speak like Dante wrote anyway... These experiences have also
         | motivated me to explore other ways of learning Italian. That
         | wouldn't have happened without a free and convenient tool like
         | duolingo.
        
         | Ajedi32 wrote:
         | Note that DuoLingo does offer live voice conversations with an
         | AI partner so it's not just translation. Unfortunately that's a
         | "super premium" feature though; even the normal paid tier
         | doesn't include it.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | I mean, the AI partner is probably getting paid, so I can see
           | DuoLingo needing to increase their rates if you use that
           | service.
        
             | Ajedi32 wrote:
             | I'm not sure exactly what method they're using, but
             | inference costs for speech to speech models are pretty
             | significant so it does make some sense to charge more. The
             | LLM-based text explanations for translation problems are
             | also in the super premium tier though, and those can't be
             | _that_ expensive, so maybe it 's just an attempt at market
             | segmentation.
        
               | ben7799 wrote:
               | The LLM based explanations actually explain what is wrong
               | with the user's specific answer, not a generic
               | explanation. They are of the form:
               | 
               | "You entered X, because of Y grammar rule you should
               | instead enter Z".
               | 
               | So they aren't something that can be pre-generated for
               | all possible inputs. Some of these questions are free-
               | form input.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | That's fair. I've just been screenshotting the page and
               | asking Gemini what I did wrong for free but I guess
               | Google has deeper pockets than Duolingo so they can eat
               | the cost of that for longer.
        
       | simonbarker87 wrote:
       | Going to plug Language Transfer again, an excellent free app that
       | is a much better way to learn a language than the DuoLingo
       | approach.
        
         | bornfreddy wrote:
         | Thank you! Is there any advantage to using the app instead of
         | just playing the audio files directly?
        
           | AnonC wrote:
           | I found this in the app's description:
           | 
           | > This app provides the same audio available for free on
           | languagetransfer.org, but allows you to download tracks in
           | advance, save your progress, and listen with your phone
           | locked.
           | 
           | > We collect some anonymous usage data so we can improve the
           | app and learn about how users are engaging with the lessons.
           | You can learn more in the About section of the app, or turn
           | off this data collection in the Settings
        
         | detectivestory wrote:
         | I find LT great for "learning the language", but I find
         | something like Spanish After Hours on Youtube to be far better
         | for "learning to speak and understand the spoken language". I
         | would recommend that everyone at least dips into something like
         | LT every now and then, but I think something like SAH is better
         | for daily exercises.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | So, it's basically somewhat of a podcast that's almost entirely
         | in English?
         | 
         | Dunno, I guess you could listen to it. But you also need rote
         | practice to calcify what you learn. That's what Duolingo is
         | good at.
         | 
         | Everyone who has spent 5min learning Spanish knows what tener
         | means. The hard part isn't knowing what it means, but rather
         | practicing it so that you hear it, read it, and conjugate it on
         | the fly.
         | 
         | Reading a grammar book end to end doesn't work either because
         | you need the practice.
         | 
         | The whole question of language learning basically is: what
         | daily practice are you willing to do? Not just what you want to
         | do in spirit, and not just what you aesthetically prefer, but
         | what you'll actually do.
        
           | Alex-Programs wrote:
           | Language transfer _is_ rather good. I 'm not quite sure what
           | it does differently, but there's a reason people recommend
           | it.
        
           | simonbarker87 wrote:
           | No, it's a series of audio activities framed as a
           | conversation between someone who knows the new language and
           | someone learning. You pause the audio and play the part of
           | the student when required and it focusses on the positive
           | language transfer aspects between languages and how they can
           | be used to build up sentences and phrases.
           | 
           | Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and comprehension are all
           | practiced and developed through the courses and, for me, it
           | has been the most effective way to learn Spanish.
           | 
           | After just a handful of lessons I was able to structure many
           | useful sentences based on the teachings that we weren't
           | taught directly but that I was able to create a fresh as
           | needed in the moment.
        
         | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
         | up vote here - Language Transfer has allowed me to be able to
         | communicate in Spanish within just a few weeks - understanding
         | is another challenge though. This app is absolutely genius. I
         | wish there would have been more content though
        
           | simonbarker87 wrote:
           | My wife and I used it for Spanish as well and it's a game
           | changer for sure. I can now have a surpassingly decent (if
           | simple) conversation with Spanish speakers based on this app
           | and some supporting vocab learning
        
       | est wrote:
       | been using Duolingo in the 10s and last year, I gave up because
       | the course seems very repetitive. Even if I got the answer right
       | 10 out of 10 times, the same question kept coming. It almost
       | looks like the app is trying very _hard_ to make me stay as long
       | as possible, instead of study as effecient as possible.
       | 
       | So for a good alternative app, is there a dynamic course pace I
       | can adapt to?
        
         | freetonik wrote:
         | Which course?
         | 
         | The quality of different language courses on Duolingo differs a
         | lot. For example, the Finnish language course is very bad, full
         | of useless words and nonsensical phrases like "The cat is a
         | viking". In contrast, the Swedish course (which happens to be
         | the 2nd official language of Finland) is amazing and full of
         | phrases immediately useful in daily life. A few modules in,
         | Finnish Duolingo is all e.g. "My mom is a shaman" and "The cat
         | is a viking", while Swedish is e.g. "I'd like a glass of cold
         | water" and "Emma wants a pizza".
         | 
         | In addition, the multi-modality also differs a lot. Finnish and
         | some other languages simply don't have speech exercises (where
         | you have to read something into the microphone).
        
           | est wrote:
           | German and Arabic course.
           | 
           | So in other words, the course is programmed by a human?
           | 
           | Well I hope with today's AI tech the course should be highly
           | customizable. I don't want to learn "The cat is a viking" 100
           | times.
        
           | vladvasiliu wrote:
           | > In addition, the multi-modality also differs a lot. Finnish
           | and some other languages simply don't have speech exercises
           | (where you have to read something into the microphone).
           | 
           | They have the speech exercises in Spanish, but they are
           | ridiculously bad. It often says I'm correct before I get to
           | say half the sentence. Other times, I'll need to repeat a
           | word 10 times until it gives up and says it's fine.
        
         | gary17the wrote:
         | > the same question kept coming
         | 
         | I was under the same impression, but later the problem
         | disappeared. You have to give Duolingo a couple of months of
         | learning effort first, so that Duolingo has a larger base of
         | sentences that you should already understand.
        
           | npinsker wrote:
           | I used the app for 6 months (granted this was around 5 years
           | ago) and the problem never disappeared for me.
           | 
           | To answer the question, it depends on which language you're
           | learning. Japanese and Spanish probably have the most
           | resources for English-speaking learners.
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | Duolingo is to feel like you're learning not for actually
         | learning.
         | 
         | Great for telling people you are doing something, that's all.
         | 
         | For me, the best has been to get a anki deck to get the most
         | basic 1000 words, once finished, go find a tutor to speak 1h a
         | week on Preply and then create a personal Anki deck with words
         | you encounter.
         | 
         | That has been the easiest way to improve for me. And this is
         | for Japanese, one of the hardest languages I tried learning.
        
           | rmnwski wrote:
           | Did you learn the kanji for the first 1000 words? Looking
           | into learning Japanese as well. I tried the Remembering the
           | Kanji by Heisig but that felt rather abstract after a while.
        
             | K0nserv wrote:
             | It's mentioned elsewhere in the thread, but I've had good
             | success with WaniKani[0]. As an aside, the company behind
             | it, Tofugu[1], also have a lot of good free resources.
             | 
             | The main tag line on the WaniKani website, "2000 Kanji.
             | 6000 Vocabulary words. In just over a year." is very
             | optimistic, I'm around level 12 (of 60) after that long. It
             | might be possible to do it all in a year, but you need to
             | put in a lot of work.
             | 
             | 0: https://www.wanikani.com/
             | 
             | 1: https://www.tofugu.com/
        
           | d332 wrote:
           | I strongly advise against Preply. They employ basically all
           | dark patterns possible. You pay for a "subscription" that can
           | expire if the teacher needs to reschedule lessons. It's
           | difficult to cancel. It really is a nightmare.
        
         | cynicalkane wrote:
         | You can skip ahead full units by passing a test, and I
         | recommend always doing it if you can.
         | 
         | I do 1-2 Duolingo lessons daily, supplemented with 15-30
         | minutes of real Japanese study. If I can't skip ahead after
         | completing the first "star", I feel disappointed. I'm often
         | able to skip two or three units in a row.
         | 
         | Though this is partly because I'm only using Duolingo as an
         | easy, gamified supplement to serious study.
        
       | i_am_a_squirrel wrote:
       | The signup button just spins indefinitely :(
        
       | neofight78 wrote:
       | The problem is that Duolingo optimises for time spent on the app,
       | not for progress in the language. The majority of experienced
       | language learners do not recommend it.
        
       | monkeyelite wrote:
       | If I'm going to spend a thousand hours learning a new language,
       | I'm willing to pay for professional study material.
        
         | oguz-ismail wrote:
         | >professional study material
         | 
         | What would that be for Spanish? I couldn't even find a decent
         | dictionary app
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | something like https://michelthomas.com/landing-page/mt-
           | spanish/#start-span...
           | 
           | or https://www.pimsleur.com/learn-spanish-latin-american/
        
           | yeyeyeyeyeyeyee wrote:
           | I am personally quite happy with the Teach Yourself study
           | materials as first step when picking up a new language.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | App? I'm not aware of any app that anyone serious about
           | language learning would consider great. If you are going to
           | pay for an app start with netflix or similar which isn't
           | about language learning, but it has native content in your
           | language. Newspapers would be another place to spend your
           | money.
           | 
           | There are a lot of dead tree books that are still perfectly
           | good. There are a lot of language courses that are great, but
           | most don't really have an app. Even if there is an app, you
           | should be getting the app as part of your purchase (or
           | subscription) to a larger language learning system not the
           | app itself.
        
           | monkeyelite wrote:
           | I would probably include duo lingo when I started - but I
           | wouldn't say "hmm I wish there was something worse but free".
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | All language apps are destined to become essentially an SRS app,
       | which at that point you might as well just use an anki.
        
         | GardenLetter27 wrote:
         | I disagree, the old HelloChinese course was great for covering
         | Chinese character writing, as well as exercises with Pinyin and
         | only Chinese characters, etc.
         | 
         | Unfortunately they've ramped up the monetisation and also
         | become more like Duolingo with the streak-based stuff and fewer
         | grammar notes.
        
           | Zmajche wrote:
           | old HelloChinese course is still there in the app... New one
           | in making so far looks more like DuoLingo, however, LingoDeer
           | app is alternative that right now is better for Asian
           | languages if you want a little bit grammar stuff while
           | learning.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | How is it different from SRS? If you need to learn the
           | strokes for thousands of characters you will need something
           | like SRS.
        
             | Zmajche wrote:
             | Spaced repetition is a highly effective method for learning
             | languages, particularly for vocabulary/character
             | acquisition, but it is not the only method and particular
             | implementation of it in the software, really matters.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | It is the only method in that it is a generic term.
               | Without spacing there will be too many words to review at
               | once. Without repetition it will be hard for people to
               | learn things in one try. Spaced reputation is required to
               | scale. But do language learning apps need to scale to
               | handle a lot of information? Technically no, but the
               | incentives around making apps make it so that SRS will
               | added and dominate the product.
               | 
               | I will agree with you that the implementation matters,
               | but ultimately anki will cover one's needs for SRS and
               | open source efforts should go towards improving anki.
        
       | GardenLetter27 wrote:
       | It sucks how Duolingo has gotten so much worse over the years.
       | 
       | It used to be great when it had the grammar notes and discussion
       | forums and comments, and you could actually finish the course and
       | have some recognition.
       | 
       | Now it's just all too game-like and all based around maintaining
       | streaks rather than learning.
       | 
       | Unfortunately some other apps have started to copy this model too
       | like HelloChinese.
        
         | lukaslalinsky wrote:
         | Completely agree, when Duolingo started, I took the Spanish
         | course and actually got something out of it. The lessons,
         | comments were super helpful. I've tried it again last year and
         | I couldn't believe my eyes that most of it is gone. It feels
         | exactly like an addictive game, making you focus on the game
         | part of it, not learning. And the fact that you can buy out of
         | failures is just WTF.
        
           | GardenLetter27 wrote:
           | Same, I now speak fluent Spanish and have lived in Spain but
           | I started with Duolingo (although just watching loads of
           | films was by far the best way to learn once you get that
           | far!).
        
         | OsrsNeedsf2P wrote:
         | The reason is the App Store (and Play Store) value things like
         | DAU (as a proxy for "quality"), IAPs (because they get a cut),
         | no real interaction (too risky), etc. The end result is "real
         | language learning" doesn't align with "launching a top mobile
         | app". This is also the reason none of games are hard (can't let
         | people uninstall) and nothing unique shows up anymore (it's
         | impossible to compete)
         | 
         | Source: Did mobile dev for ~5 years + launched failed B2B that
         | gives data on how to game the Play Store
        
           | PennRobotics wrote:
           | It doesn't help that the Play Store has no effective way to
           | browse recently developed apps or to filter searches in any
           | meaningful way whatsoever.
           | 
           | Couple that with the _Indiana Jones boulder chase_ known as
           | the Target API Level Requirement plus needing to log in every
           | six months or risk getting your Google Dev account
           | permanently deactivated and then needing to relaunch all of
           | your apps under a new namespace.
           | 
           | A handful of apps I use come from small companies (5 to 40
           | employees) who should not have a dedicated mobile dev on
           | their payroll. The apps do not pose a security risk (as they
           | don't use internet/network features) and don't need to be
           | updated as they are feature-complete. One such company just
           | pulled all of their free apps and now has a contractor charge
           | users for worse functioning redesigns.
        
         | vaylian wrote:
         | Agree. Duolingo lost most of its appeal when the discussion
         | forums were taken offline.
         | 
         | It was really nice to discuss the sentences with other learners
         | and the creator of the course.
         | 
         | And it was always fun to open the thread for the sentence "I
         | love you" in the language that you were learning.
        
       | mentalgear wrote:
       | I like it! Really fun and fluent, though maybe the keyboard
       | navigation (e.g. radio boxes, etc) could be improved.
       | 
       | I like the turtle, but maybe you want to rethink the jetpack
       | flames from it's behind approach. Also, maybe a slight more
       | "shiny" version, a la Duo, would match nicely.
       | 
       | But overall, great work !
        
       | unbleaveable wrote:
       | Having trouble understanding why you thought it was acceptable to
       | steal their business name, and concept, and software application
       | design.
       | 
       | Would you call a competing word processor "Libre Word"?
       | 
       | Is it acceptable to just copy their everything if you just add
       | the word libre?
        
         | Funes- wrote:
         | >Would you call a competing word processor "Libre Word"?
         | 
         | You don't know about LibreOffice, really? Your post is so
         | ridiculously ironic I'm having trouble determining if it's
         | satire.
        
           | unbleaveable wrote:
           | How about "Google Word", "GoogleWord", or "Rosetta Stones"?
        
         | jeffhuys wrote:
         | They call the package LibreOffice though... So... Yeah?
        
         | thedumbname wrote:
         | A lot of FOSS projects were sued for these things, see
         | GAIM/Pidgin, etc. Newcomers should understand that is a
         | copyright violation.
        
       | ReflectedImage wrote:
       | Sadly the authors of LibreLingo were last seen being lead into
       | the back of a white van by an enormous green owl
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | I have to say Duolingo has some of the best corporate humor
         | I've seen.
        
           | krick wrote:
           | Some of the most annoying, that's for sure. I uninstalled it
           | when it started to uglify the icon on my desktop when I
           | neglect daily exercise. I mean, it's totally fine if it's
           | just me, but since it was an impulsive action on my part, I
           | would be curious to see if I wasn't one of the many. I
           | wouldn't be fond of my company's PR department if they lose
           | customers over stupid jokes.
           | 
           | That said, after spending too much time on DuoLingo, I should
           | have dropped it anyway. First off, one should be honest to
           | himself and admit that it is a game, not a language study
           | material. Which is ok, but still, I would really like to have
           | an app that is a bit less of a game and a little more of a
           | interactive textbook (I don't know one). Second, honestly,
           | most of the course materials are surprisingly low quality.
           | They kept adding all these gimmicks, animations, icon
           | uglifying, etc., yet the core content was barely worked on.
           | After a couple of years you start really wondering what are
           | they spending money on. I mean, literally, do they even have
           | paid staff working on some less popular languages, or it's
           | just community?
        
       | pergadad wrote:
       | Very nice initiative, the language space is overcrowded with
       | commercial offers that have an incentive to keep you locked in.
       | Apart from LanguageTransfer there seem to be few other good
       | offers.
       | 
       | That said, looking at the current offer it seems to lack the one
       | thing Duolingo offers: Duolingo (for all its many faults and
       | pedagogical uselessness) takes the burden of decision making away
       | - I don't need to really think what to do next. Here I don't have
       | this guidance - do I start with basics? Or introduction? Or
       | something else?
       | 
       | Crucial in my view would be to provide a path or at least a tree
       | to guide the user where to go. This will make it easy to jump in
       | and get carried along.
        
         | TheJoeMan wrote:
         | Do any alternatives take a more "fully immersive" approach? I
         | tried this LibreLingo, but the first question I got was "Which
         | of these is The Sun?".
         | 
         | Once you learn/memorize a few basic Spanish phrases such as
         | "?Que significa?" you can stay immersed in the language. When
         | you see a photo of the sun, you need to jump straight to El
         | Sol, not Photo->"The Sun"->"El Sol".
        
           | vitro wrote:
           | Try Spanish in Latudio [0]. It is not quite for beginners,
           | you need to have at least basic vocabulary, but regarding
           | immersion, it should fit what you are looking for. It uses a
           | listening-first approach and contextual translations with
           | vocabulary and lets you explore words you didn't get in other
           | contexts.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.latudio.com/
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | Do they have a version that's not a mobile app? Or will it
             | at least work on the desktop/web browser? I'm not going to
             | use something like that on my phone.
        
               | vitro wrote:
               | Not at the moment.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | Too bad. I'll see if the mobile app works on my desktop
               | but otherwise that's a nonstarter.
        
           | jeltz wrote:
           | I feel that Duolingo has the same issue. Not enough
           | immersion.
        
           | Alex-Programs wrote:
           | I built https://nuenki.app, which follows a fully immersive
           | approach by immersing you while you browse the web. It
           | translates entire sentences at your knowledge level into the
           | target language, and you hover for definitions/the original
           | sentence/etc.
        
         | 1oooqooq wrote:
         | for Chinese (which duolingo is garbage) study stroke order,
         | then get children books and the Pleco app.
        
           | ximeng wrote:
           | Skritter is good for stroke order
        
       | anothereng wrote:
       | The problem with duolingo is that translating a language is not
       | the best way to learn a language. The best way is to make a
       | connection between the concept and the word. Like rosetta stone
       | does. An open source rosetta stone would be better, at least for
       | learning vocabulary
        
         | tempest_ wrote:
         | Duolingo is sorta like flashcards and I think it makes a good
         | easy entry into learning
        
           | codethief wrote:
           | But flashcards that connect words and concepts are still much
           | better than flashcards where you merely translate.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | I find Duolingo is pretty good for vocabulary in a "slow"
         | context.
         | 
         | The trouble is, that slow context is already better served by
         | translation apps.
         | 
         | Duolingo is really bad at developing verbal fluency, which is
         | the thing you actually need in today's world of translation
         | apps.
        
         | zdc1 wrote:
         | Learning a language is such a large, long term undertaking that
         | I appreciate how Duolingo tries to use a few tricks to keep
         | people on-track. It's also one of those areas where interests
         | and incentives (maximising the time on app; regular usage) are
         | rather aligned.
         | 
         | However after getting halfway into their Chinese course I feel
         | quite disillusioned with their approach and actual content.
         | You'd think an app with their market presence would have some
         | amazing teaching strategies... but they don't. You can get
         | through half of the course and still not know how to count past
         | four. There's also lots of cultural context and finer points
         | that are simply missing.
         | 
         | Anyway, I'd be curious to see how a more community-driven
         | approach could play out, any whether it would lead to better
         | content.
        
         | wisty wrote:
         | I think you're mistaken?
         | 
         | The grammar translation method is seem as obsolete, but Duo
         | isn't that. You don't learn rules formally (e.g. memorise
         | explicit and formal rules on how to conjugate a verb in the
         | past continuous tense, and what all these rerms mean) then
         | apply them.
         | 
         | If anything, people constantly complain about how Duolingo just
         | gives them sentences and doesn't give long explanations about
         | the grammar, you just have to pick it up. Very modern.
         | 
         | People also complain about how duolingo has "nonsense"
         | sentences, because it deliberately drip feeds vocab in similar
         | categories which is actually the right way. You learn one
         | fruit, one colour, one body part, etc at a time; so yeah
         | occasionally you might get something like "tom has a purple
         | apple on his nose" but there's a reason for this.
         | 
         | The only real faults with Duolingo is that it focuses on
         | listening and reading, so you need to practice speaking and
         | writing elsewhere. It does have an AI chat, but it's... kind of
         | bad IMO.
         | 
         | And that most courses only cover a year or two of learning. And
         | that there's very few languages. But if you want to learn
         | enough to get started in more immersive learning, IMO it's
         | fine.
         | 
         | And there's people who complain that they spend so much time
         | metagaming to try to win the weekly leaderboard that they
         | actually hurt their learning, but if you really need a cartoon
         | owl to give you a cartoon gold medal then maybe you shouldn't
         | blame the app ...
        
           | anothereng wrote:
           | duolingo doesnt do grammar but it does translation. Unless
           | you want to become a translator then theres no point in
           | learning how to translate from language A to B. What most
           | people want is to understand and speak which is a different
           | skill than translation
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | No, the best way to learn a language is comprehensible input.
         | Every other language acquisition method is bootstrapping that
         | eventually needs to segue into actually using your target
         | language to read or listen to things, unaided.
         | 
         | What these bootstrapping exercises are doing is not unlike,
         | say, what early expert systems or Cyc did with AI. They aren't
         | so much building an understanding of language as much as
         | they're handing you a bunch of logical rules to parse out into
         | sentence constructions. The problem is, that's not how human
         | language actually works. In fact, it's not even how humans use
         | _programming_ languages, even though those _do_ have formal
         | specifications.
         | 
         | If you want an "open source Rosetta Stone" what you want is
         | Anki and a flashcard deck for it. But even then, that's limited
         | to vocabulary memorization, which is just bootstrapping.
         | Personally, if you wanted to build a _good_ language
         | acquisition app, you almost certainly would want to have some
         | kind of large language model in there powering it.
        
       | mattkevan wrote:
       | I'm sure this is a wonderful project with talented people behind
       | it, and what I'm going to say isn't a criticism of this project
       | in particular.
       | 
       | But. I'm always a little disappointed when I see a project that's
       | Libre[something proprietary]. It's always a wonky copy, where the
       | selling point is that it's a free version of something, rather
       | than a better version of something. The only people who are going
       | to use it are those who care more about the fact that it's free
       | and Libre than they do about a good learning experience [0].
       | Everyone else will just use Duolingo. And that's fine if the goal
       | is for it to be a programming exercise, but it's a limiting one.
       | 
       | Instead of making a knockoff of Duolingo, which clearly been
       | eaten by the pressure to drive engagement and MAU, why not use
       | time and energy to explore different or more radical ways of
       | online pedagogy free from commercial pressures? It's harder than
       | copying something, but the results could be much more worthwhile.
       | [1]
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | [0] This is why Mastodon will never go mainstream, because it's
       | built by and for people who care more about decentralisation than
       | they do about creating a first-class microblogging experience.
       | The friction points that deter the mainstream are acceptable for
       | the true believers because for them the benefits are worth it.
       | 
       | [1] This is also my problem with Linux desktop environments. The
       | desktop war was won by Microsoft 30 years ago and the desktop
       | died as the primary computing paradigm in 2007. Yet Linux
       | desktops are still fighting the last battle - so much time and
       | effort is poured into them, yet they still don't work right
       | (Wayland is how old now?) and are basically just wonkier versions
       | of macOS or Windows.
       | 
       | Surely that time and effort could be spent on investigating new
       | ways to interact with computers - why is the desktop metaphor
       | still the best we've got, nearly 60 years after it was first
       | invented?
        
         | shayway wrote:
         | I agree with your overall point - I'd also like to see more
         | novel FOSS projects rather than knockoffs of proprietary
         | software - but at the same time, there's a lot of value in FOSS
         | clones for a few reasons.
         | 
         | The main one being: proprietary things tend to get worse over
         | time, while FOSS (with enough momentum) tends to get better.
         | Windows vs Linux desktop is a great example of this; while
         | Linux and its DEs have steadily been improving over the past
         | couple decades, Windows has been in a slow downward spiral
         | since 7, and nowadays I would say KDE/GNOME/Mint are actually
         | less janky overall than Win11.
         | 
         | Mastodon, despite its jank, largely has the traction it does
         | because of the X/Twitter enxittification. Godot and Unity are
         | another good example of my point, the former being largely
         | superior to the latter nowadays despite a lot of similarity,
         | and as with Mastodon it gained a lot of popularity through the
         | blunders of the proprietary version, which is significantly
         | less of a risk with FOSS.
         | 
         | Also - while there are some Windows/MacOS knockoff DEs, there
         | are also plenty of unique ideas in things like GNOME or Budgie,
         | not to mention tiling window managers.
         | 
         | I think clones just tend to get the most popularity. Case in
         | point, there are easily hundreds of FOSS language learning apps
         | out there that do their own thing, but "LibreLingo - FOSS
         | Alternative to Duolingo" is the one that ends up on the front
         | page.
        
       | throwaway743 wrote:
       | Anyone have any suggestions for learning Korean? I have Hangul
       | characters down and know some words/phrases from my partner, but
       | would like to dive in a bit more.
        
       | jiffygist wrote:
       | I can recommend https://polski.info for Polish. Not FOSS, but at
       | least non-commercial.
        
       | Pavilion2095 wrote:
       | But why? These apps are ineffective. If you want to learn a
       | language, don't waste your time on Duolingo or this...
        
       | _fat_santa wrote:
       | I used Duolingo for about a year to learn Portuguese but I
       | recently switched to just taking a course I bought on Udemy.
       | 
       | First let me say that Duolingo is great for learning vocabulary
       | but unfortunately that's it's only strength. The problem I
       | realized after starting the Udemy course is that Duolingo teaches
       | you the words but they seldom teach sentence structure or the
       | "glue" between all those words you learn. So you get to a place
       | where you know a ton of words but can't hold a conversation
       | because you don't know how to form sentences.
       | 
       | With that said I would still recommend Duolingo strictly for
       | their vocabulary. I would suggest a course to supplement learning
       | though, not to mention it's much cheaper, the entire course cost
       | me less than a month of Duolingo Super.
        
         | thenoblesunfish wrote:
         | It's an awesome way to get from nothing to something. I started
         | German with it before doing more traditional classes and live
         | speaking with a partner Annoyances (in particular, ads
         | disguised as "partner offers") aside, I still find it worth
         | paying for as a quick daily refresher.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | From my experience, Duolingo teaches you the vocabulary and the
         | set sentences very well. But this is by far not enough. I use
         | regular textbooks that describe the structure of the language,
         | the grammar, the syntax, etc, so as to gain some analytical
         | understanding of it. On top of that, Duolingo helps to get used
         | to recognize these structures and flesh them out with various
         | words. Also, unlike a book, it forces you to listen, and,
         | crucially, to speak. It's a very important step from being able
         | to read written language only to being able to actually talk.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | I think Duolingo does an okay job of teaching structure, but it
         | probably comes around the 2nd year or so (I've been using it
         | about 3 years, but I did have a few years in high school of
         | Spanish a long time ago)
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | Yeah. I've been doing Spanish on Duolingo for about 2.5
           | years, and just started Section 5. I find that I can read
           | Spanish reasonably well, in that I can usually at least work
           | out what the underlying meaning is for any arbitrary piece of
           | Spanish text I see. But my ability drops off quickly for
           | listening to spoken Spanish, and even more quickly for
           | speaking it myself. Which makes sense given how the site
           | works.
        
         | leke wrote:
         | I never thought to check Udemy to learn my target language
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | Words without structure are generally comprehensible,
         | especially if you are in an interactive situation where you can
         | generally catch cases where there is a coherent but wrong
         | meaning. (No, you do not want the microwave, you want what's in
         | the microwave!)
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | I'm a little surprised that Duolingo is the model someone wants
       | to emulate because, at least for me, it just doesn't work.
       | 
       | Now I'm someone who has always been good at taking tests. It's a
       | skill you can develop. At one point I got 85% in a French test
       | knowing absolutely zero French. There are tricks such as:
       | 
       | - Use of punctuation can give the answer away (eg a trailing "!")
       | 
       | - Other questions can unintentionally give you the answer to a
       | different question (eg it might conjugate a verb you're being
       | asked about elsewhere);
       | 
       | - Questions end up being correlated. So a given question might
       | have 2 plausible answers and that answer will also answer another
       | question. So you can answer if one way in one and another way in
       | the other and you're pretty likely to get one of them right;
       | 
       | - Multiple choice tests tend to evenly distribute answers so if
       | you have 29 Cs in a 4-answer 100 question test already, it's less
       | likely that a further C guess is right. Yes, people can
       | intentionally re-weight the answers to avoid this but almost
       | nobody does.
       | 
       | - For other topics like math you often get marks for each step.
       | Depending on how that marking key works, you can often get marks
       | writing essentially nonsense that leads to a completely wrong
       | answer;
       | 
       | - When in doubt, guess something. This goes for multiple choice
       | and written answers. Don't spend any time on it. Tests that
       | deduct points for wrong answers are rare and you know about it
       | beforehand.
       | 
       | - Apply probability. So in a 100 question 4 answer multiple
       | choice test where you have a 50% chance of knowing the answer,
       | you should really get 75-80% on that test just from eliminating
       | obviously wrong answers and simply guessing the rest.
       | 
       | My point is that you can't really turn this off once you learn it
       | so I can pretty much guess my way through any Duolingo questions
       | and that means I don't learn anything.
       | 
       | Even when you have to assemble words into a sentence, the answer
       | is pretty obvious and it can get even more obvious in other
       | languages (eg nouns in German are capitalized).
       | 
       | I think I did Spanish Duolingo almost every day for a year and
       | remember none of it.
        
       | psychoslave wrote:
       | Anyone as experience with feedback on
       | https://www.rocketlanguages.com/ and https://babbel.com/ ?
       | 
       | I'm mostly interested in speaking out loud skills, and those two
       | have voice recognition it seems.
        
         | tarentel wrote:
         | I'm an ok French speaker, technically my second language
         | although I "learned" Spanish in high school. At some point in a
         | conversation people will realize I am not a native speaker but
         | I can get by. I used a variety of things, including Duolingo
         | for a while and Babbel for a bit, both of which I started on.
         | Based on my experience, neither will get you very far for
         | speaking. You'd be better off getting a real teacher or taking
         | a class.
        
         | angry_moose wrote:
         | I like Babbel a lot for reading/writing/listening but their
         | speaking is a little weak. It's there but I find it pretty
         | flaky - either so permissive it'll accept just about any sound
         | you make, or so buggy it won't accept a single thing.
         | 
         | I haven't done a lot with it, but Pimsleur
         | (https://www.pimsleur.com/) seems quite good for
         | conversational. I've done a couple trials of it and plan to
         | dive in when I finish my Babbel courses.
         | 
         | For conversational though you might be better off just finding
         | an online tutor. 1 hour a week with a native speaker is
         | probably more effective than any of the apps.
        
       | joaohaas wrote:
       | Cool... but nothing will ever beat Anki + Immersion. Here's one
       | guide most Japanese learners follow: https://learnjapanese.moe/
        
         | masijo wrote:
         | Wish there were similar pages for other languages, I want to
         | learn Russian and I can't find anything with this quality.
        
           | joshdavham wrote:
           | > I want to learn Russian and I can't find anything with this
           | quality.
           | 
           | You could give Refold a shot! https://refold.la/how-to-learn-
           | russian/
           | 
           | (disclosure: I also used to work there.)
        
       | thenoblesunfish wrote:
       | Hope this takes off! Early Duolingo was very community focused
       | and lots of fun, and proves people are really motivated to
       | participate if you make the UI easy enough.
        
         | 1oooqooq wrote:
         | it's interesting how they had a huge community when they wanted
         | everyone contributing new lessons and fixes.
        
       | kamatour wrote:
       | Has anyone tried both LibreLingo and Duolingo? I'm curious if the
       | open-source approach makes learning feel more natural?
        
       | pkdpic wrote:
       | Nice to see this pop up, not that I mind giving Duo money every
       | month for my kids account.
       | 
       | Still looking for DuoLingo for actual programming... python
       | etc... Specifically for elementary school kids... I know it's out
       | there... Im getting closer...
       | 
       | I know this is a false statement but it would be so easy for
       | DuoLingo to add Python along side their Math and Music betas!!
       | 
       | Please Duo hear my prayers...
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | This space seems like one of those areas where it would be really
       | hard to break in because their whole selling point is having had
       | hundreds or thousands of people record and annotate an enormous
       | amount of voice input, which I assume has to be hand polished for
       | every single exercise?
       | 
       | I'm sure some part of it could be automated these days, or some
       | parts even use voice synthesis, but I'm sure it would take
       | basically an army of people hand-crafting it for the experience
       | not to be very janky in the end.
        
       | salimmadjd wrote:
       | Duolingo user here with a 4 year streak.
       | 
       | Duolingo is not a language teaching platform at its core. It's a
       | gaming platform with language as its gaming skill.
       | 
       | Duolingo at some point became so focused on gamification that it
       | just became a game (I believe they hired their lead PM from
       | Zynga).
       | 
       | If you're on free version, just look at the ads you're getting.
       | Vast majority of the ads are for other games.
       | 
       | I think you can learn a language if you use Duolingo's streak
       | gamification as a daily motivator but use supplemental materials
       | to actually learn.
        
         | otherayden wrote:
         | I actually really like this take. Despite the fact that most
         | language learners hate on it, Duolingo has great product market
         | fit, and I think it's for this reason. It's in the toilet time
         | distraction/edutainment market as much as it is in the language
         | market
        
         | zelphirkalt wrote:
         | Have a friend, who is on his 7th or 8th year of every day using
         | DuoLingo (DL) "learning" German. His German is still terrible.
         | Phrase structure goes all overboard, verbs are not adapted to
         | time, person and whatever else. It is a bit painful to see.
         | People also say that some languages just have terrible lessons
         | on DL. Maybe German is one of those.
         | 
         | I tried using it for Chinese/Mandarin, but apparently
         | classified myself too modestly in the beginning. I feel like
         | the lessons did not teach me much at all and it became a game
         | of quickly pressing things, while suffering through silly ads.
         | It also never makes you actually write characters. Eventually I
         | stopped using it. I think anything other than the most basic
         | Chinese is better learned elsewhere.
        
           | bunderbunder wrote:
           | An even basic Chinese is better learned from a Chinese-
           | specific app like Lingodeer or HelloChinese.
           | 
           | I tried all three when I was first getting started. I didn't
           | end up going with any of them (I bought a textbook instead -
           | gamification just isn't my jam), but I was at least fairly
           | impressed with Lingodeer and HelloChinese. Both were clearly
           | made with love. And I've met several more advanced learners
           | who got started with them. By contrast, for all its users,
           | I've yet to meet a single person who went with Duolingo and
           | subsequently made it to an intermediate level in Chinese. I'm
           | sure there's someone out there somewhere, but overall it
           | seems that people's success rate with that app is _bleak_.
        
         | tylersmith wrote:
         | The gamification is what made it work for me. I had 2 months to
         | learn some Turkish before a trip and once I realized it was a
         | game I beat everyone else in my cohort every day. When someone
         | would come up on my heels I'd make sure to spend 30-60 extra
         | minutes that day. I still know Turkish better than any other
         | language and I've been immersed in Spanish for 3 years.
        
       | shemtay wrote:
       | If I could change one thing about Duolingo, it would be to allow
       | the user to turn off all the gamification completely. I don't
       | care about fake internet gems, knowing how to speak Chinese (or
       | whatever) is it's own reward, so stop wasting my time with bs!
       | 
       | Nevertheless, Duolingo is an amazing and convenient starting
       | point for unlocking the learning of new languages.
       | 
       | Make your way through the entire course as fast as you can, while
       | also listening to music, talking to people, talking to chatGPT,
       | reading books, etc in the target language as soon as you can
       | manage.
       | 
       | Protip: learn your 3rd language using your second as the language
       | of instruction.
        
       | damjon wrote:
       | How about gamification in LibreLingo ? It's number one Duolingo
       | feature.
        
       | sieve wrote:
       | As someone who knows four languages[1] (picked every single one
       | up during childhood) and is currently learning Sanskrit, I have
       | to say that Krashen's input hypothesis and Orberg's Lingva Latina
       | is probably the way to go if you are learning languages as an
       | adult.
       | 
       | The direct teaching method works but is time-consuming and
       | generally used for languages that lead to an occupation, viz.
       | English. The grammar translation method is a waste of time. It
       | might satisfy your intellectual curiosity about the structure of
       | the language but you won't be able to make yourself understood
       | after a lifetime of study. I wonder at the sheer lunacy of
       | dumping thousands of random sentences into your lap and
       | translating it from one language to another.
       | 
       | After a year and a half of false starts, I started reading a
       | couple of Sanskrit stories every day. Because the context is
       | maintained across the story, your brain starts recognizing
       | patterns in sentences. You keep reading sentences like
       | 
       | sarve janah karyam kurvanti
       | 
       | sarve janah gacchanti
       | 
       | sarve janah namanti
       | 
       | and you automatically associate sarve (all) with janah (people)
       | without needing to know the declension of those words. This
       | applies to the cases as well.
       | 
       | To be able to converse about or understand a wide variety of
       | topics, you will eventually have to move beyond stories due to
       | restrictions on the tense/aspect/moods you encounter as a result
       | of the nature of the material. But that is doable.
       | 
       | [1] Much of India is bilingual. A substantial minority might know
       | four or more languages due to the many mother and father tongues
       | and heavy internal migration across the states (whose boundaries
       | were drawn on linguistic lines post-independence)
        
         | luqtas wrote:
         | i don't know why people are taking Duolinguo and relatives as
         | the definitive course to learn a language... they even cite at
         | their FAQ about the need of going outside the app if you want
         | 'fluency'
         | 
         | some people are quite fine learning a limited number of phrases
         | to lurk in a country. a great part of communication among
         | humans also happens with the body/eyes. no one needs to discuss
         | their phD dissertation in 4 different languages
         | 
         | [0] https://blog.duolingo.com/can-duolingo-make-me-fluent/
         | 
         | edit: Duolinguo also is nice (and make a funny non-invasive
         | joke) if you are using something like uBlock!
        
           | djeastm wrote:
           | >they even cite at their FAQ about the need of going outside
           | the app if you want 'fluency
           | 
           | Sure, they've got that fig leaf covering them.
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | Frankly, people do not have the time to deeply research this
           | topic. You want to learn French or Spanish for fun. Duolingo
           | claims that it can help you. So you join, try for a few days
           | and give up.
           | 
           | This happened to me about ten years ago.
           | 
           | I too had not bothered to understand pedagogy. It is only
           | when I wanted to learn Sanskrit, and struggled with it, that
           | I got pissed off at the lack of progress and began looking
           | around. There are some people on YT who talk about this
           | stuff:
           | 
           | - Alexander Arguelles
           | 
           | - Steve Kaufmann
           | 
           | - Luke Ranieri
           | 
           | I might be missing a few others.
           | 
           | You first have to know what your problem is, before you can
           | solve it.
           | 
           | > no one needs to discuss their phD dissertation in 4
           | different languages
           | 
           | True. In culturally homogeneous countries, you don't need
           | four languages to make yourself understood.
           | 
           | It becomes somewhat necessary in places like mine where
           | different groups of acquaintances/relatives/friends speak
           | different languages and finding a single language at the
           | intersection of those groups can be hard.
        
             | luqtas wrote:
             | > You want to learn French or Spanish for fun. Duolingo
             | claims that it can help you. So you join, try for a few
             | days and give up.
             | 
             | is that Duolingo fault or users? because that happen in any
             | hobby. heck, take indie gamedev.! hundreds give ups for a
             | single released game. we could also say that there are
             | people who tried Duolingo and years later they are fluent
             | because the app was the kickstart
             | 
             | you have to be quite naive/lazy to stick ONLY with Duolingo
             | for a year or 2 and expect that you will be fluent. there's
             | also different ways of approaching the app... like each
             | lesson allowing one to read or discuss it with the
             | community; meta-thinking stuff like "am i learning or just
             | rushing through lessons?" etc.
             | 
             | i heard podcasts about psychologists suggesting that
             | fluency is subjective and it happens at +4 years time span
             | of active engagement after mastering the basics
             | 
             | i think Niklas Luhmann's essay on communication is quite
             | relevant here;
             | https://www.unisalento.it/documents/20152/2157613/LUHMANN-
             | Wh...
        
               | sieve wrote:
               | Fluency is a different topic. In the initial stages, I am
               | more concerned about the size of my vocabulary and my
               | ability to understand what is written than trying to
               | speak or listen. This is where reading lots and lots of
               | material in the target language helps.
               | 
               | I have seen lifelong scholars of the Sanskrit language
               | struggling to speak in Sanskrit because they are simply
               | not used to it.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | My own experience mirrors yours. My first thought in seeing
         | this was "...why?" Duolingo is a gamified app that feels like
         | learning a language but actually teaches you next to nothing
         | while driving engagement. I get why they got stuck on that
         | path, but why copy it?
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | They might have found it useful enough to attempt their own
           | spin on it, I guess.
           | 
           | I don't think that Duolino is absolutely useless. But my
           | reason for learning languages might be different from those
           | of others. Some people want to be able to say a few words in
           | the language they are learning. I want to read novels, poetry
           | and philosophical texts.
           | 
           | The approach you take and the kind of vocabulary you want to
           | acquire will differ accordingly.
        
           | LorenPechtel wrote:
           | Yeah, I've seen my wife's time with the owl not translate
           | into understanding much of the Spanish she sees around town.
        
         | Alex-Programs wrote:
         | I built a tool[0] that gives you constant input at your level
         | as you browse the web, so you don't need to take time out of
         | your day. You can just learn a little as you browse, and let it
         | compound over time.
         | 
         | It works by estimating the difficulty of English sentences,
         | then translating ones at your level into your target language.
         | 
         | [0] https://nuenki.app
        
           | czbond wrote:
           | I like your approach here, thanks for posting
        
           | koreth1 wrote:
           | This looks really useful! Wish I'd had something like this
           | when I was learning Mandarin.
           | 
           | I'm curious what determines whether or not you add a given
           | language to the list. DeepL and Claude, at least, have usable
           | translation ability in more languages than the app currently
           | supports. Is there a lot of manual effort required for each
           | language, or do you want to keep the list limited just to
           | avoid overwhelming users?
        
             | Alex-Programs wrote:
             | Thanks! I'm glad people like it; I'm hopeless at marketing
             | it to Language Learners:tm:, but programmers seem to love
             | it and it's nice to get some positive feedback.
             | 
             | DeepL is actually pretty limited in what it supports.
             | Unless I've missed a new language, Nuenki supports all of
             | DeepL's languages.
             | 
             | Some of the additional ones are supported via Claude only
             | and, where permitting, Groq. Groq is far faster than
             | Claude; in languages that DeepL supports, DeepL handles
             | visible text and Claude handles text that you haven't
             | scrolled to yet. Claude-only languages are a bit of a worse
             | experience.
             | 
             | It's pretty easy for me to add a language. It's all stored
             | in a centralised toml file, which happens to be open source
             | - https://github.com/Alex-Programs/nuenki-
             | languages/blob/maste... - and it's about a 20 minute job to
             | add a language, test it, etc. Then it's about half an hour
             | and 5 USD to benchmark whether Llama is any good at it, and
             | if so enable Groq and make the experience a bit more
             | pleasant. I'm currently working on improving the
             | translation quality benchmark (https://nuenki.app/blog/the_
             | best_translator_is_a_hybrid_tran...), because people seem
             | to like it and there's definitely a lot of room for
             | improvement.
             | 
             | That 20 minute number is without updating the big language
             | cloud on the website, which is a bit finicky; iirc I
             | haven't added Vietnamese to it yet.
             | 
             | If anyone here has any requests, I'd gladly add them!
        
           | boriselec wrote:
           | Good tool, I like it so far.
           | 
           | My biggest progress in English was when I started to read the
           | English internet (HN, Reddit, etc.). I used an browser
           | extension to translate words that I didn't know.
           | 
           | I'm learning Spanish now, but there is no content that
           | interests me. Maybe the Spanish Wikipedia sometimes.
           | 
           | So this extension gives me that language exposure.
        
         | syndeo wrote:
         | Ah, is Lingva Latina the one with Caecilius and his family? I
         | had a Latin class in 7th grade and remember having a book of
         | that same name, and I somehow remember the main father
         | character's name. They had a dog too, I want to say his name
         | was Cerberus, haha. "Cave canem"--"beware of dog"
         | 
         | Every day, we'd start class by the teacher saying "Salvete,
         | discipuli!" to which we'd reply "Salve, magistra!"
         | 
         | The fact that all these years later I still remember some
         | things from it shows its effectiveness I suppose.
         | 
         | In any case, in years since, I've used Pimsleur (for other
         | languages), which is a similar "get actual language input
         | rather than learning a set of language rules up front" method,
         | and I like to think it's worked decently for me at least!
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | I am not sure about the names of the characters. But a Roman
           | family is definitely involved in the first part (Familia
           | Romana).
           | 
           | > I like to think it's worked
           | 
           | It works as long as you do some slow and steady work at it. I
           | don't think it will work if you drop-in for a couple of days
           | every few months, read something, and then disappear.
           | 
           | You might remember a few sentences here and there. But we
           | want to be able to understand as well as use those sentences
           | in the applicable context.
        
           | aleffert wrote:
           | Caecilius who, _spoiler for a decades old Latin textbook_ ,
           | dies when Vesuvius erupts, is from the Cambridge Latin
           | Course. The dog, who survives, is in fact named Cerberus.
        
             | qingcharles wrote:
             | Yikes. How many others grew up with Caecilius? He has lived
             | rent free in my head for 35 years lol. Him and his damned
             | _canus_.
        
         | gary17the wrote:
         | > I wonder at the sheer lunacy of dumping thousands of random
         | sentences into your lap and translating it from one language to
         | another.
         | 
         | I don't get it why everyone seems to think that translation
         | exercises in a foreign language learning course such as
         | Duolingo absolutely MUST result in a comprehension-less
         | memorization process, which must be doomed to fail sooner or
         | later, since memorization alone might not really contribute to
         | the capability to build new combinations of memorized words.
         | 
         | From my experience with Duolingo, it all depends on how a
         | learner approaches translation exercises. If you just keep
         | sprinting through such exercises, in a sense, mindlessly,
         | without asking yourself how each new sentence really differs
         | from the ones you have already seen, then yes, IMHO you are
         | likely to fail.
         | 
         | However, if you keep investigating, on your own accord (for
         | example, by using an LLM) the underlying REASONS as to why each
         | new sentence really differs from the ones you have already seen
         | (i.e., grammar), then no, IMHO you will indeed learn how to
         | build new language constructs and thus use the actual language.
         | 
         | I think the trick is to push yourself and attempt - as soon as
         | you can - to ignore sentence "building blocks", "missing words"
         | and "hints" provided by Duolingo and always try to build an
         | answer to every exercise entirely from scratch in your head.
         | That forces your brain to understand what is really going on
         | and create a "set of rules" for using a language as opposed to
         | only memorizing a "set of samples" of a language.
         | 
         | I also don't mind the "gamification" of the learning process:
         | it allows a learner to expect more out of himself or herself by
         | watching it not to carelessly lose the "hearts" exercise
         | currency, by trying to earn the "gems" bonus exercise currency,
         | by comparing himself or herself against his or her peers
         | through leagues and leaderboards and, the last but not least,
         | by continuing to learn every single day because of his or her
         | running "learning streak".
         | 
         | Duolingo can give you only as much as you decide to get out of
         | yourself - as is the case with any other kind of foreign
         | language learning course. Effortless, magical learning
         | processes simply do not exist.
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | > If you just keep sprinting through such exercises, in a
           | sense, mindlessly, without asking yourself how each new
           | sentence really differs from the ones you have already seen,
           | then yes, IMHO you are likely to fail.
           | 
           | This is where comprehensible input shines.
           | 
           | - you start reading actual long form content from day one
           | instead of practice sentences
           | 
           | - the content maintains the context across its length,
           | letting the brain use its pattern recognition apparatus
           | 
           | This does not happen with the grammar translation method. You
           | lose the context. I would compare it with RAM being swapped
           | to disk repeatedly in a low-ram situation on your computer.
           | 
           | I have never studied the grammar of my mother tongue. But I
           | can speak complex sentences rapidly because my brain managed
           | to recognize the patterns in the language and store the
           | sequence information somewhere.
           | 
           | If they expend deliberate effort on it, some people might
           | find methods like the ones Duolingo uses somewhat useful.
           | However, I believe if you are capable of doing that,
           | comprehensible input might give you more bang for the buck.
           | It has, at least for me, provided faster results and a better
           | vocabulary than grammar translation and half-hearted attempts
           | at CI. I felt more confident with the language after 10 days
           | of CI-based learning than the previous six months of
           | memorizing noun and verb forms and meanings and translating
           | random sentences.
        
             | Alex-Programs wrote:
             | It's also just a hell of a lot more fun.
        
               | sieve wrote:
               | Yep!
        
         | hintymad wrote:
         | Duolinguo tries to follow the input hypothesis. For instance,
         | it barely teaches any grammar but simply asks its users to
         | translate sentences. Unfortunately that's very ineffective.
         | Compared to reading or watching live conversations, the amount
         | of input in unit time on Duolingo is too little. In the
         | meantime the sentences lack sufficient context for Duolingo
         | users to build up intuitive understanding of phrases. Take
         | Duolingo Japanese for English speakers, for instance, it's
         | really hard to learn the meaning and usage of Hiragana words in
         | those short sentences.
         | 
         | That said, I still do about 10 minutes of Duolingo every day,
         | just as a kick start of my daily language-learning routine.
         | It's also an effortless way for me to pick up a few new words
         | on a daily basis. Somehow once I did that, I have more drive to
         | do more comprehensive input by watching Youtube videos or
         | reading some readers.
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | I completely agree with everything you have mentioned in the
           | first paragraph.
           | 
           | You NEED to consume tens of thousands of words repeatedly
           | used in different contexts for the brain to make those
           | automatic connections. Random sentences do not maintain the
           | context which would have otherwise helped you figure out the
           | possible meaning of some words in the following
           | sentences/paras. That is one of the biggest flaws of any
           | translation method.
        
           | bunderbunder wrote:
           | The thing is, the input hypothesis all by itself is not
           | enough. It's arguably close to where the modern paradigm of
           | second language acquisition _started_ , but it's not where we
           | still are nearly 50 years later.
           | 
           | For example, one big thing that Duolingo's method completely
           | misses out on is the importance of a rich communicative
           | context. This was implicitly there in Krashen's original
           | monitor model, but wasn't fully appreciated until closer to
           | the turn of the century.
        
         | primitivesuave wrote:
         | I learned Sanskrit by translating the Bhagavad Gita
         | (https://gita.pub), and I experienced a similar jump in
         | comprehension to what you described. At first I needed to look
         | up every word, even the ones I'd seen many times, but
         | eventually (after many many repetitions) I finally started
         | having an intuitive idea of what the words and sounds meant.
         | 
         | It certainly makes you appreciate the unbroken oral tradition
         | by which these enormous works of literature were passed down.
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | I have seen some people do this successfully. But I find the
           | BG to be too complex as a learning tool. It is too dense for
           | me to concentrate on the words rather than the content.
           | 
           | I prefer short stories. I have acquired hundreds of
           | laghukatha collections over the last couple of years and read
           | from them as time permits.
           | 
           | I am working on two Sanskrit-related things at the moment:
           | 
           | - a website where I am putting up proof-read stories from
           | scanned copies of old issues of the Sanskrit Chandamama
           | 
           | - a "Sensible Guide to Samskritam" that will use the Baroda
           | Critical Edition of the Valmiki Ramayana as the foundation to
           | construct a single story told across 100-odd bite-sized
           | chapters. This will essentially be a Sanskrit version of
           | Lingva Latina.
        
           | Tycho wrote:
           | I read a story by Roberto Bolano recently where the Spanish-
           | speaking protagonist reads novels in French, a language he
           | cannot speak. He said that even though he couldn't understand
           | most of the words, he usually understood the plot. For some
           | reason your comment made me think of this.
        
         | mvieira38 wrote:
         | Orbeg's Lingva Latina is so good, especially if you use the
         | supplemental exercises and stories as well. It's a shame it
         | didn't catch on as much, the material for modern languages is
         | now outdated and it seems no one is working on newer editions.
         | Deutsch Nach der Naturmethode, Francais par la Methode Nature
         | and English by the Nature Method are excelent at teaching the
         | basics, but I hear criticism over the vocabulary often.
        
           | sieve wrote:
           | Things are much better today, I feel. If the publishers do
           | not feel that there is a market, then the gap must be filled
           | by enthusiasts. Some time for creating the content and $6/m
           | on DO, and hundreds/thousands of people can benefit.
        
             | mvieira38 wrote:
             | It's pretty hard to do it with as much quality as Orberg
             | did. He deliberately wrote each chapter to use the most
             | universal vocabulary and grammar possible, and built upon
             | that foundation, so much so that pretty much any speaker
             | familiar with the latin alphabet can just pick it up and
             | read start to finish. It's not a coincidence that all of
             | these books start with a chapter on family: "father" is
             | notoriously consistent among all languages descended from
             | Proto Indo European
        
         | barrell wrote:
         | I'm very interested in Sanskrit, and working on an application
         | to learn it (and many other languages).
         | 
         | If you have any interest in app based review (not courses - I
         | specifically try to work with input) I would love to get
         | feedback on the Sanskrit experience.
         | 
         | I posted a bunch of comments about it in the past few days, I
         | don't want to take over another apps thread, but there are so
         | many cool languages being learned here
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | It's a bad idea to imitate Duolingo, which has become VC without
       | a purpose.
       | 
       | The gimmick behind Duolingo was that there were so many things
       | online and in the world that needed to be translated, so training
       | people to learn languages while translating them was a win-win.
       | We don't really need humans to translate written material anymore
       | (esp with AI advances), and they never seemed to find a business
       | model for that anyway.
       | 
       | Since the gimmick is gone, it's just a generic language learning
       | app with unimpressive results. And that still uses primitive
       | spaced repetition algorithms. The bottom fell out. But since
       | Duolingo had attracted a ton of cash on their founders rep from
       | reCaptcha, it zombies on.
       | 
       | I've had my account since the beta, and while I think it's good
       | because it exposes people to a ton of words and utterances in
       | their target language which they will hopefully roll around in
       | their mouths, that's like step 1 in learning a language.
       | Anecdotally, I had to abandon Duolingo entirely in order to learn
       | Spanish; and not for a class or tutoring, but for their
       | competitors both online and traditional.
       | 
       | Techniques in language learning seem to be advancing quickly
       | (like with spaced repetition, TPRS, and Krashen-inspired stuff),
       | but Duolingo seems to be studiously ignoring them all, and
       | plowing on doing the same thing. I think they should ditch
       | everything but the cartoons, which are cute. But their base gets
       | outraged whenever they change anything because Duolingo's changes
       | were made in order to shift to getting revenue from the users
       | rather than from "translation," so the users do not trust them.
       | 
       | So Duolingo really have nothing but cute cartoons and a brand
       | name. LibreLingo looks like they have cartoons, too. Other than
       | those, there's nothing to distinguish Librelingo from any other
       | Spanish-learning website.
        
       | hyperific wrote:
       | I'm surprised more people aren't talking about the recent
       | announcement that Duolingo is replacing contractors with AI.
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/news/657594/duolingo-ai-first-repla...
        
         | brewdad wrote:
         | I'm guessing that's why this hit the front page today.
        
       | zelphirkalt wrote:
       | The app could use some spinners, when actions lead to a delay. I
       | clicked on the landing page on the only available purple action
       | button and nothing seemed to happen. I already checked my uBlock
       | Origin, whether it is blocking something, but it does not.
       | Already wanted to reload the page, when finally something
       | visually changed, and the course was loaded. Simply a little
       | spinner/animation would make this way less confusing.
       | 
       | I like, that for keyboard input the special letters are given as
       | buttons, so that I don't need to hunt for those on any US/English
       | keyboard layout.
       | 
       | One thing missing is a way to report mistakes in the learning
       | material. For example I found "Buenos dias" to be translated to
       | "Good morning".
        
         | valbaca wrote:
         | > For example I found "Buenos dias" to be translated to "Good
         | morning".
         | 
         | buenos dias does mean good morning. it literally means good day
         | and can be used as such but most often used as "good morning"
        
       | sh3rl0ck wrote:
       | Really hope they can do something about the UX; well built OSS
       | generally lacks good UI/UX.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | Great to see a FOSS app for language learning! Kudos.
       | 
       | However, I think apps that focus on one particular language and
       | how to learn that language are better than a one-size-fits-all
       | approach like Duolingo. The structure and grammar of languages
       | like Russian, Japanese, Chinese, and French (I've learned all 4)
       | are all significantly different from each other. Or at least
       | different approaches for language groups (French and Spanish,
       | which I also speak, are similar enough to warrant the same
       | approach).
        
       | brewdad wrote:
       | Can anyone recommend a solid resource for learning Tagalog?
       | 
       | Being a far less popular language than the standard "big boys"
       | that most apps, web sites, books etc tend to offer, it's been a
       | lot of false starts for me or simply feeling a bit lost when a
       | resource throws me directly into a scene to learn dialog without
       | having any of the foundational knowledge first.
       | 
       | I plan to spend a year or two (at least) in the Philippines in
       | the not too distant future. While most Filipinos understand
       | English, I feel like learning at least some Tagalog would go a
       | long way in fitting in and feeling less like an outsider.
        
         | barrell wrote:
         | I really don't want to be doing self promotion in someone
         | else's thread, but I have Tagalog support on
         | https://phrasing.app. I just posted some demo videos this
         | morning in comments if you check out my profile
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related ongoing thread:
       | 
       |  _Duolingo will replace contract workers with AI_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43827978 - April 2025 (43
       | comments)
        
       | alganet wrote:
       | This language thing reminds me of Willian James Sidis.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-04-29 23:01 UTC)