[HN Gopher] Shortest-possible walking tour to 81,998 bars in Sou...
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       Shortest-possible walking tour to 81,998 bars in South Korea
        
       Author : geeknews
       Score  : 406 points
       Date   : 2025-04-24 00:20 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.math.uwaterloo.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.math.uwaterloo.ca)
        
       | labster wrote:
       | They call it the Traveling Salesman Problem, but it sounds more
       | like the Drunkard's Walk to me.
        
         | The28thDuck wrote:
         | I'd like to call it a stumble :)
        
       | srcreigh wrote:
       | Title is incorrect. 178 days is the walking time of the optimal
       | tour, not how long it took to solve for the best route
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | 3 months, using 44 CPU-years, is that time.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | (Submitted title was "Shortest walking tour to 81,998 bars in
         | Korea -- TSP solved in 178 days".)
        
       | OsrsNeedsf2P wrote:
       | I'm impressed they found a dataset this hard, but not much
       | harder. It's a delicate balance between beating the last
       | Traveling Salesman hiscore (Netherlands), and never finishing
       | your compute
        
         | bjornsing wrote:
         | Do we know they didn't just prune problematic bars from the
         | dataset until they found a one with a solution?
        
           | dumbfounder wrote:
           | You and I don't know. But this is hacker news so there is
           | probably somebody here keeping them honest.
        
         | omoikane wrote:
         | In the "computations" page[1], the table lists the Netherlands
         | computation as costing 97 CPU years with 6 months of elapsed
         | time, while the Korean bars costs 44 years of CPU time and 3
         | months of elapsed time. I can't tell if the two problems were
         | solved using the same hardware.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/korea/computation.html
        
         | BrtByte wrote:
         | Gotta respect the planning that went into choosing a problem
         | that's both absurd and actually solvable
        
       | mofunnyman wrote:
       | If you spent 40 years of your life on this path, you would still
       | be visiting 5.616 bars per day. Nuts.
        
         | kirubakaran wrote:
         | Less than 6 bars a day is pretty doable! :-p
        
           | Smar wrote:
           | Isn't comma the decimal separator ;)
        
             | throwaway019254 wrote:
             | It depends on which part of the world you live in.
        
             | speedgoose wrote:
             | It's not that many bars.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | It's always worth spending 30s verifying something like
             | this by reversing what you're arguing - in this case, 5000
             | * 365 * 40 is _obviously_ more than 82,000.
        
         | devonkim wrote:
         | That's also not considering whether they're open or existing
         | anymore after so much time has passed.
        
       | notesinthefield wrote:
       | I am overwhelmed with the thought of nearly 82 thousand bars
       | within a country roughly the size of Ohio.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | NYC that is like 20 miles across has 11,000 locations that
         | serve alcohol.
        
         | zeckalpha wrote:
         | How many bars do you expect are in Ohio?
        
           | fakeBeerDrinker wrote:
           | Less than 40,000
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | One would hope with 5x fewer people!
        
               | fakeBeerDrinker wrote:
               | I think it's far fewer, probably under 5,000 if we are
               | really talking about "bars" and not any ole liquor
               | licensed establishment such as a restaurant...
        
               | jhalstead wrote:
               | It seems like you're pretty close with that guess.
               | 
               | https://www.ibisworld.com/us/industry/ohio/bars-
               | nightclubs/1... (2025) estimates there are about 3,000
               | "bars and nightclubs" in Ohio.
               | 
               | And https://vinepair.com/articles/map-states-with-most-
               | bars/ (2022) estimates there are 1800 bars in Ohio,
               | apparently placing it in the Top 10 of states with the
               | most bars.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | That country has a population of 52 million, i.e. about 5 times
         | Ohio.
        
           | codemac wrote:
           | Sure, but Ohio has ~4200 bars[0]. Which is roughly 1/4 the
           | ratio of bars to people.
           | 
           | [0]: https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/business-report-
           | deta...
        
             | aktuel wrote:
             | Ohioans love "big bars".
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | I don't think bars in Korea have parking minimums like they
             | do in Ohio.
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | What's a parking minimum?
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | The minimum number of parking that needs to be available
               | per seat/dining area.
               | 
               | https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/plaincity/latest/pl
               | ain...
               | 
               | Codes like these are the secret sauce of America's
               | asphalt deserts, in which you'll find - by international
               | standards - comparatively large restaurants and stores.
               | Walkable cities tend to gravitate towards smaller
               | equivalents, and more of them.
        
               | Akronymus wrote:
               | A minimum amount of parking spots per patron capacity. So
               | a bar with 60 people capacity must have 15 parking
               | spaces. [0]
               | 
               | Usually parking minimums are WAY too high in required
               | parking spaces to make sense in most cases. Which leads
               | to stuff like a arena having 5x the land area be parking
               | than what is taken up by the arena itself. [1]
               | 
               | 0: https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/harrison/latest/
               | harris... (this is for harrison, ohio, just happened to
               | be the first result I found. it's under commercial ->
               | "Tavern, bar, club, lodge, and dance hall.")
               | 
               | 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUNXFHpUhu8
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | The idea of a bar (ie a place people go to get drunk)
               | with a dedicated parking lot strikes me as particularly
               | bad for road safety. I'm baffled that this is not only
               | encouraged, but mandated.
               | 
               | How do people do this in practice? Just drink and drive
               | and hope they don't crash / get fined? Or does everybody
               | bring 1 friend who sips colas the whole night?
        
               | vulcan01 wrote:
               | We call the latter a designated driver [1] though as you
               | can imagine sometimes the designated driver is "only"
               | _slightly_ drunk.
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designated_driver
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | Yeah but I mean, if everybody goes to the pub by car,
               | does it mean everybody brings a designated driver? Or is
               | this one of those things where everybody drives drunk but
               | pretends nobody does?
        
               | alexfoo wrote:
               | Taxis exist.
        
               | skrebbel wrote:
               | The parking minimum is for taxis?
        
               | apocalyptic0n3 wrote:
               | It's pretty common for people drive to the bar, get
               | drunk, taxi/Uber/Lyft/DD home, and then return the
               | following day to get their vehicle. I don't think it
               | makes sense personally, but I also don't drink at all so
               | I'm not a great judge here.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Makes perfect sense if people are not planning on having
               | a big night and then do.
               | 
               | You can see people taxi/uber into a place if they are
               | definitely planning to get blathered.
        
               | zhivota wrote:
               | Mostly the latter IMO. The most popular bar where I grew
               | up is on a busy highway with no housing within walking
               | distance. Parking lot reliably fills up every weekend
               | night, mostly with single occupancy vehicles. You can do
               | the math.
        
               | nonameiguess wrote:
               | Parking lots are not mandated for bars in the US, at
               | least not everywhere. I helped my girlfriend's dad open a
               | bar in Long Beach 20 years ago. The city required us to
               | pay for the maintenance of three streetside parking
               | spaces, but that was it. Pay the city. We didn't have to
               | build anything that didn't already exist.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Parking lots are not mandated for bars in the US, at
               | least not everywhere.
               | 
               | This, they are making the mistake that all the people on
               | /r/askamerican do over on reddit. Laws like this mostly
               | aren't nationwide or even statewide, they are decided on
               | a very local level.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >Usually parking minimums are WAY too high in required
               | parking spaces to make sense in most cases.
               | 
               | That hasn't been my experience. Anytime I've wanted to go
               | somewhere halfway popular the lot is usually full or
               | nearly full. On the flipside, the lots are often empty
               | during times when the business is closed, but reducing
               | the size of the lot would exacerbate the issue of not
               | being able to park nearby when the business is open. You
               | aren't going to stop the US from being car centric, so
               | you either have to dictate that businesses maintain a
               | reasonable amount of parking or you have to have the
               | municipality maintain several large parking structures
               | throughout the city. Most cities would rather have the
               | businesses that need the parking pay for the parking and
               | most people would rather park near the businesses that
               | they frequent.
        
               | xmprt wrote:
               | > You aren't going to stop the US from being car centric
               | 
               | I think this isn't true. The same way suburbia spread out
               | from cities, I think walkability can spread outwards too
               | in baby steps.
               | 
               | For example, SF is relatively walkable/has public
               | transit. The next step would be slowly removing parking
               | minimums and making the areas surrounding SF more
               | walkable. And then over time as people in those
               | surrounding areas start using their cars less (not
               | getting rid of them but at least trying to do short
               | journeys on foot/bike/transit).
               | 
               | Over time that spreads outwards because half the
               | community served by an area no longer needs a car for
               | their daily travel and the envelope of walkability
               | spreads further.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | Sure you can slowly, over a long time, convert already
               | dense areas into being less car centric, but you aren't
               | going to make the rest of the country that way. Parking
               | minimums, when they exist, are set by super local
               | governments, they already don't exist or are set very low
               | in areas of high density. The solution is to increase
               | density, but again you aren't going to do that in the
               | rest of the country. Random bars in Ohio are still going
               | to have large parking lots, because land is cheap and
               | given the choice, most people prefer less density.
        
             | throwaway290 wrote:
             | 82k places in Korea include any restaurant or joint or
             | karaoke with a license to serve alcohol. Personally I would
             | not care to call 80% of them "bar".
             | 
             | So in Ohio probably everything with class C and D license.
             | How many is not public but probably many times more than
             | 4k.
             | 
             | Many actual street level bona fide bars in Seoul (which has
             | half of all the people of the entire country and the most
             | bars by far) are tiny rooms that fit a few people each. But
             | you always have a "bar street" with 50 of those next to
             | each other.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | Ok, that gets the numbers in line -- there are about
               | 27,000 liquor licenses in Ohio, according to a random
               | Google, which is about the same per capita.
               | 
               | South Korea apparently ranks #97 on alcohol deaths, so
               | it's apparently not a problematic number of bars, by
               | global standards.
        
             | forgotoldacc wrote:
             | A lot of bars in walkable cities fit about 10 or fewer
             | people. East Asia in particular has loads of tiny bars.
             | 
             | Plus being able to walk or take a train home makes them far
             | more accessible for people than needing to drive home.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Just to compare, they also have a tour for the UK
             | https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/uk/index.html : 49,687
             | pubs.
             | 
             | They are such an urban phenomenon. A largely empty rural
             | state, with the legacy of prohibition, where you have to
             | drive? That's going to have way fewer drinking locations. A
             | culture of hanging out and drinking requires walkable
             | urbanism. Many of the UK pubs pre-date the invention of the
             | car; "peak pub" appears to have been the late 1800s with
             | over 100,000.
             | 
             | I'm impressed that Korea has more than the UK, but this is
             | definitely going to be a matter of size and the tiny Korean
             | bars.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > A culture of hanging out and drinking requires walkable
               | urbanism.
               | 
               | I don't think that's really true. In the UK, villages had
               | pubs. Gradually some of the villages were joined together
               | into larger cities, and the pubs remained. It wasn't
               | planned as walkable urbanism.
        
               | tlb wrote:
               | You didn't have to plan to get walkable urbanism before
               | cars. It just happened because everyone needed a pub,
               | store, school, etc. within walking distance.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | But it wasn't urban. That's my point.
        
             | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
             | This is also upper-bounded by the law; Ohio only issues one
             | class D-5 liquor license (license to sell beer, wine, and
             | spirits) per 2000 residents, which roughly maxes it out at
             | ~5950 bars (in practice this looks to be rounded up on a
             | per-town basis, making this an underestimate). An Ohio with
             | the population of South Korea would only be allowed ~25000
             | bars.
        
         | kijin wrote:
         | Looks like they got their hands on a dataset of every
         | restaurant that is licensed to serve alcohol -- or at least a
         | decent subset of such restaurants, filtered by menu or
         | whatever.
         | 
         | I checked a few dots near where I live and they're all fried
         | chicken joints. Yeah, we do love _chimaek_ around here. :)
        
           | yard2010 wrote:
           | In korea after a certain hour every restaurant, karaoke,
           | PCBang, and hotteok parlor is basically a bar :)
           | 
           | God I miss this place so much <3
        
         | bbno4 wrote:
         | americans always compare massive cities to empty states
        
           | notesinthefield wrote:
           | Snark aside - I used this site which compares the country
           | question to the location closest to you. I live in ohio.
           | https://www.mylifeelsewhere.com/country-size-
           | comparison/unit...
        
           | mherkender wrote:
           | South Korea has 5x the population of Ohio, but around 27x the
           | number of bars [1]. So it really is a lot of bars.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ibisworld.com/us/industry/ohio/bars-
           | nightclubs/1...
        
             | deepspace wrote:
             | As someone married to a Korean, I am not surprised in the
             | least. Every single one I have met (males at least) drinks
             | like a fish. It is impossible to describe to a westerner
             | just how ingrained the drinking culture is over there.
        
               | ZeroTalent wrote:
               | They drink more than Eastern and Northern Europeans. It's
               | insane!
        
           | not_a_bot_4sho wrote:
           | Empty lol
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | The entire US and North America is massively more empty
           | relative to almost anywhere else, even most perceptually
           | sparse countries. Many of European countries are 5-10x denser
           | than US.                 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis
           | t_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | And South Korea has one of the highest rates of stomach cancer.
        
           | latentsea wrote:
           | To be fair, it does sound like a pretty tough place to
           | stomach.
        
           | fakeBeerDrinker wrote:
           | After living there for about four years, my mind goes
           | immediately to soju. Not sure if there is a connection, but
           | that's something I might deep dive with an LLM today.
        
         | bigbacaloa wrote:
         | "Bar" doesn't mean the same thing in every country. In Spain
         | although a bar serves alcohol of all kinds it is also where one
         | eats breakfast and lunch and gets a coffee. They are
         | indispensable social centers and even a tiny town of 150 has
         | one.
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | Town? More like village. You can have a nearly empty church,
           | but there's no village without a bar.
        
         | bobxmax wrote:
         | If this is correct, it seems like Seoul has over 40x the number
         | of bars that Chicago has, despite having only about 4x the
         | population
         | 
         | How in the hell?
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | The bars may be much smaller.
        
           | testing22321 wrote:
           | Many countries have much more used "public" spaces, and
           | people spend much more time in them, together.
           | 
           | The idea of driving home to the suburbs and locking yourself
           | into your private home is very North American.
           | 
           | I just got back from10 months across Europe. The number of
           | people in public places eating, chatting and just spending
           | time (no simply going somewhere) makes LA or Chicago look
           | like a ghost town.
        
             | bobxmax wrote:
             | Sure, but that's still an astronomically higher number of
             | bars
             | 
             | the UK in totality has 45k pubs, nearly half Seoul's number
             | 
             | this is mostly emblematic of South Korea's major alcoholism
             | problem. way too many bars and too much drinking.
        
         | gniv wrote:
         | I checked a few and there's a lot of restaurants included.
         | 
         | https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/korea/data/korea81998.xy.t...
        
         | BrtByte wrote:
         | South Korea really said "you will not be thirsty on our watch."
        
         | jihadjihad wrote:
         | What's really cool is if you go to a site like [0] that shows
         | the "true" size of countries etc. (i.e. not distorted by a
         | projection), Indiana is probably the most analogous state to
         | South Korea, in terms of size and shape. But South Korea has 7x
         | the population of Indiana!
         | 
         | Really puts into perspective a movie like "Train to Busan",
         | which would be like taking a train from Gary to Madison!
         | 
         | 0: https://thetruesize.com
        
       | flerchin wrote:
       | Oh no, looks like a few new bars opened up, and a few others
       | closed. Time to recalculate.
        
       | noduerme wrote:
       | It's strange that they don't mention the total distance. I
       | understand that the point-to-point travel time is what they're
       | solving for, but it would be interesting to know what the actual
       | distance of travel was, if for no other reason than calculating
       | caloric burn. But then you could also see how much it deviated
       | from the shortest-distance path.
        
         | internetter wrote:
         | Proper routing is also an expensive computation. Yes you could
         | just run A* or something on the roads but that would assume no
         | closures, no one way roads, wouldn't account for elevation
         | change, ect. Using a proper routing API is almost certainly
         | cost prohibitive
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | >Our computation produced a tour together with a proof that it is
       | a shortest-possible route [...]
       | 
       | Proof nowhere to be found.
       | 
       | Waterloo-ers are nice people but I see an increasing trend of
       | them just lying to get some cred. Come on guys, you don't have to
       | follow the valley model _that_ much.
        
         | inasio wrote:
         | Not sure what you expected to get. The Concorde TSP solver is
         | an exact solver that uses branch and bound search, it will
         | return either a solution with a specified bound or the optimal
         | bound. They provide the dataset and the solution they found
         | (and I believe their solver is open source), if you don't
         | believe them you can go ahead and find a better tour.
        
           | 7e wrote:
           | I also expected to get an actual proof.
        
             | inasio wrote:
             | Proof in this case is that the upper bound and the lower
             | bound of the solver converged. This is not like a SAT
             | solver where the solution itself can be trivially evaluated
             | to verify the solution, it requires trusting that the
             | solver does what it's supposed to be doing, similar to what
             | happens when you solve a MILP with Gurobi or CPLEX.
        
               | alexchamberlain wrote:
               | Is the solver guaranteed not to land in a local
               | minima/maxima?
        
               | moralestapia wrote:
               | (I don't know)
               | 
               | But I would guess the answer is "no".
               | 
               | If you can _prove_ , as they claim, that you have an
               | algorithm that gives you the optimal solution (aside from
               | the obvious, brute-forced one), you might be one stone
               | throw away to make an argument for some P == NP, that
               | would be HUGE.
               | 
               | But it seems that some people get offended when you tell
               | them their perpetual motion machines are not real.
        
               | unnah wrote:
               | The branch-and-bound algorithm does provide a proven
               | optimal solution. This does not mean that P=NP because
               | the size of the proof is not bounded by a polynomial in
               | the input size, and neither is the algorithm runtime.
               | Also, Euclidean TSP is known to be easier than TSP on
               | arbitrary graphs: there are polynomial-time approximation
               | schemes that can produce solutions with an (1+epsilon)
               | factor of the optimum in polynomial time, for any value
               | of epsilon. Thus it is not surprising that a proof of
               | full optimality can be constructed for some instances.
        
               | inasio wrote:
               | The solver generates a relaxed lower bound that indicates
               | how far they could be from the global optimal solution.
               | The moment that the lower bound improves enough to match
               | a path they can guarantee that it's the global optimum
        
               | unnah wrote:
               | You could still save the branch-and-bound tree, the LP
               | problems solved at the tree nodes, the derivations of the
               | LP cutting planes, and the LP solutions that together
               | constitute the proof. Then you could in principle create
               | an independent verifier for the branch-and-bound tree and
               | cutting plane derivations, which could potentially be
               | much more straightforward and simple code than the entire
               | Concorde TSP solver, and wouldn't have so high
               | performance requirements.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | People really really really need to take some time to
           | understand the concept of "burden of proof", so they can't
           | stop making fools of themselves in public.
        
             | amscanne wrote:
             | What are you actually expecting here?
             | 
             | The solution was found in a few days by the LKH TSP
             | heuristic solver. They spent months (and decades of CPU
             | time) using well-known techniques to bound the specific
             | problem and prove that this was an optimal solution. It's
             | not something that you can synthesize to a page. They are
             | literally announcing that they verified the heuristic-
             | derived solution.
             | 
             | Consider it like any science, where folks can make shit up.
             | But you can just run the bounding algorithms yourself, or
             | prove they are incorrect.
        
               | moralestapia wrote:
               | >What are you actually expecting here?
               | 
               | Didn't you read my comment?
               | 
               | A proof.
               | 
               | Why?
               | 
               | Because they claim to have one.
               | 
               | How?
               | 
               | A link to a paper or something.
               | 
               | Come in, this stuff is very low level.
               | 
               | >But you can just run the bounding algorithms yourself,
               | or prove they are incorrect.
               | 
               | People really really really need to take some time to
               | understand the concept of "burden of proof", so they
               | can't stop making fools of themselves in public x2.
        
               | amscanne wrote:
               | The proof here is essentially the execution log of the
               | bounding program. I imagine that this would be TB, PB or
               | beyond. Not every proof is some clever paper, some are
               | just brute force. Like proving a number is prime, or
               | calculating the Nth digit of Pi. A paper doesn't always
               | make sense, but you can still announce what you've done
               | (and maybe you get a paper with algorithmic details, but
               | it's not a proof for specific the instance).
        
         | ChrisRob wrote:
         | These claims are provisional. Until someone produces a better
         | tour or a valid counter-proof, this stands as the best-known
         | solution.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | >Our computation produced a tour together with a proof that
           | it is a shortest-possible route [...]
           | 
           | >These claims are provisional. Until someone produces a
           | better tour or a valid counter-proof, this stands as the
           | best-known solution.
           | 
           | Are we looking at the same website? Because those two are
           | quite different things.
        
         | rendaw wrote:
         | The code is here I think:
         | http://webhotel4.ruc.dk/~keld/research/LKH/ although on another
         | page they mention LKH-Merge and I'm not sure what merge is.
        
       | kopirgan wrote:
       | Very interesting..
       | 
       | Is anything supposed to happen if you click on those red circles?
       | I was hoping it will show name or other info!
        
       | bjornsing wrote:
       | Would be nice if they could briefly describe the algorithm.
       | Sounds like they've turned the TSP into an integer linear program
       | that they can do branch and bound on, but I'm not sure.
        
         | pkhuong wrote:
         | It's classic Lin Kernighan
         | (http://webhotel4.ruc.dk/~keld/research/LKH/) for the primal
         | heuristic, and optimality proof by Concorde for cutting plane
         | generation and branching
         | (https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/book/index.html, or
         | https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/korea/computation.html for
         | details specific to this instance), with CPLEX as the
         | underlying LP solver.
        
       | marvinkennis wrote:
       | It would suck to get to bar 51,248 only to find out it's now
       | permanently closed
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | There was a man who documented his travel to every country in
         | the world. Not long before he was finished, South Sudan gained
         | independence and he had to take a special trip there to
         | complete his journey, which apparently had already completed
         | all the other countries in Africa long ago.
        
       | awesome_dude wrote:
       | Kids, we're going on a road trip!
        
       | rurban wrote:
       | So NP is like P again. I learned in school 13 is the max and one
       | of my algebra professors advanced it to 15 (in the 80ies). Then
       | came 20, then came 20.000, this is 80k with proof, and at the
       | World TSP page we see the record was 1m.
       | 
       | http://webhotel4.ruc.dk/~keld/research/LKH/
       | 
       | The biggest proven optimum is for 3178031 right now.
       | 
       | This should be really done with CUDA, not plain C, btw.
        
         | eduardosalaz wrote:
         | There is tons of work to do on running optimization algorithms
         | in GPU. In its current form, Branch and Bound and Cutting
         | Planes do not gain an advantage if implemented in CUDA. There
         | is a new algorithm, PDLP, which is implementable in GPUs but it
         | is still in early stages. For more, see
         | https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/cuopt-open-source/.
        
         | JohnKemeny wrote:
         | The thing is that Euclidean TSP needs a lot of data to encode
         | hard instances.
         | 
         | N=15 was even considered solved in the 60s, and N=20 has never
         | been considered large instances, especially not of Euclidean
         | TSP.
         | 
         | I cannot see how anyone could say 13 is the max: you need 100k
         | memory slots and 1M comparisons. This has been trivial for
         | quite some time.
        
           | rurban wrote:
           | Yeah, I probably mixed it up with the Hamiltonian Path
           | problem. It was a long time ago
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | >80k with proof
         | 
         | Post proof.
        
       | blt wrote:
       | Branch-and-bound is an algorithm "from the book" to me.
       | Fundamentally very simple, provided you view the LP solver as a
       | black box, but incredibly useful.
        
       | DennisL123 wrote:
       | OSRM lead dev here. Love to see this large of an instance being
       | solved.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | If you just use the simple-minded Bell Labs probabilistic
       | algorithm, how much worse is that result?
       | 
       | The classic TSP approach is:
       | 
       | 1. Hook up all the nodes in some arbitrary path.
       | 
       | 2. Cut the path in two places to create three pieces.
       | 
       | 3. Rearrange those three pieces in the six possible ways and keep
       | the shortest.
       | 
       | 4. Iterate steps 2-3 until no improvement has been observed for a
       | while.
       | 
       | This is not guaranteed to be optimal, but for most real-world
       | problems either finds the optimal result or is very close.
        
         | amscanne wrote:
         | Note that the tour itself was found quickly using a heuristic
         | solver
         | (https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/korea/computation.html), the
         | achievement here and all the computation is to establish that
         | this is the lower bound (assuming I understood correctly).
         | 
         | So, the heuristic solver worked pretty darn well :) Although,
         | I'm not sure how close it would have been the heuristic
         | algorithm you are describing (I suspect that it is considerably
         | more advanced for good reasons, randomly picking will take too
         | long to converge).
        
           | n4r9 wrote:
           | The algorithm that OP describes is more commonly known as
           | 2-opt [0]. The heuristic used in this case is referred to as
           | LKH which I assume means the Lin-Kernighan Heuristic [1]. The
           | latter is sort of a meta generalisation of the former.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-opt
           | 
           | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin%E2%80%93Kernighan_heu
           | ris...
        
             | vjerancrnjak wrote:
             | 2-opt is a bit simpler.
             | 
             | LKH is a bit different, refers to Lin-Kernighan+Helsgaun --
             | http://webhotel4.ruc.dk/~keld/research/LKH/
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | Iirc the (probably simplified) LKH heuristic they used:
         | For each iteration:          apply some randomisation
         | starting at each place              cut the path in 2..n places
         | reconnect in the most optimal way                 if the new
         | tour is the new best, save
         | 
         | n is a small number like 4 maybe 5?
        
           | vjerancrnjak wrote:
           | 2-opt: [a, b, ..., d, e]
           | 
           | reversing subarray from b to d is a 2-opt move.
           | 
           | 3-opt (1 particular move):
           | 
           | a b c d e f
           | 
           | a e d c b f -- reversal from b to e
           | 
           | a e d b c f -- reversal from c to b
           | 
           | LK heuristic is a bit more involved, but focuses on
           | continuing to reverse the subarray on the [b, ..., d]
           | segment, with search and backtracking involved. (I think
           | that's refered to as sequential k-opt moves, but I think it's
           | already quite hard to know what exactly LK is, and LKH does
           | much more)
           | 
           | By focusing on the subarray, assuming distance symmetry
           | (length from b to e is same as length from e to b, but there
           | are correct workarounds if this does not hold), you can
           | evaluate the cost of the new route in constant time (but with
           | bigger k there's more moves to evaluate
           | https://oeis.org/A001171)
        
         | neves wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tChnXG6ulyE
         | 
         | Author's presentation about it
        
       | ustad wrote:
       | "The locations were downloaded from a database maintained by the
       | Korean National Police Agency."
        
       | gku wrote:
       | If you find this impressive, take a look at the 1.33 billion
       | stars TSP solution provided by the same authors.
       | 
       | - Gaia DR2 (1,331,906,450 Stars):
       | https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/star/gaia2.html
       | 
       | > "The tour is at most 1.0038 times the length of a shortest-
       | possible route."
        
         | gampleman wrote:
         | But that presumably doesn't handle the relative motion of the
         | stars, which makes the problem even trickier, since the
         | distances will change as you travel, no? Or is my astronomy off
         | base here?
        
           | paulluuk wrote:
           | I think your astronomy skills are correct, but if we have to
           | worry about actual travel then you would also have to
           | consider things like fuel capacity, refuel opportunities, the
           | fact that you probably don't want to actually fly through a
           | star but around it, etc.
        
             | gampleman wrote:
             | I think it's still valid to have a distinction between
             | travel logistics and having a route that's at least
             | theoretically possible. I suppose what they've calculated
             | would work with a star gate like system, but then I'm not
             | sure what the point of having minimal distance would be.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | Isn't the flying around problem just "e" since it is so
             | many orders of magnitude less than the distance between
             | stars that for this calculation it is irrelevant anyway?
        
             | elymar wrote:
             | The bar problem has its own issues. With that many bars
             | some may close or new ones may appear during the time of
             | the walk.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | At that point we should also factor in time relativity,
             | making it hard to measure the actual location of the stars
             | at all.
        
           | batuhandirek wrote:
           | This also doesn't handle new bars being opened and closed as
           | you travel. Not to mention bouncers having bad days so you
           | will have to revisit the bar.
        
             | pverghese wrote:
             | I don't think this is presented as a means to get drunk
             | around south korea. It's just an interesting application of
             | TSP
        
           | nurettin wrote:
           | But they are so far apart and move on roughly the same
           | trajectory that it shouldn't really matter.
        
             | marcellus23 wrote:
             | That's not true. The tour is 16.2 billion light years long,
             | so even at the speed of light, it would take more than the
             | current age of the universe to travel. Stars will move _a
             | lot_ over that period of time.
        
               | nurettin wrote:
               | Yes I was assuming instant travel, even with one star the
               | trajectory will be nonlinear.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Has anyone done the opposite of this, finding the longest
       | possible route?
        
       | z3t4 wrote:
       | I zoomed in on the map and discovered at least one shortcut where
       | one could have saved a few seconds, now is that proof enough that
       | the solution is not optimal? :P
        
         | bk496 wrote:
         | Where?
        
         | throwaway519 wrote:
         | Does it put the order of others off,i.e. a net loss?
        
       | tiernano wrote:
       | reminds me of a question they used to ask in the Irish army back
       | in the 60s. My Dad told me this. "How do you get from Bachelor's
       | Walk to Collins Barracks without passing a bar?". People would
       | spend hours and days working on the answer. In the end, the
       | answer was "Go in to every one".
        
       | finalhacker wrote:
       | impresive, I have forgot TSP after graduated.
        
       | Uptrenda wrote:
       | traveling drinking man's problem
        
         | TehCorwiz wrote:
         | No it's: The traveling ale-man's problem. ;)
        
       | bk496 wrote:
       | Does it account for "pit stops"
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | Is that one of the problem quantum computers would resolve
       | instantly if it is actually possible to scale them up?
        
       | Catagris wrote:
       | I looked at near my home, they missed a few. A issue is that in
       | Korea a lot of the local spots are not on any public maps.
        
       | BrtByte wrote:
       | This is both hilarious and genuinely impressive. A TSP solution
       | involving nearly 82 000 bars? That's a level of dedication to
       | both math and beer I didn't know I needed in my life
        
       | nlitsme wrote:
       | Seem i do need a pair of dry socks for part of the walk.
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Sadly I'm not a Soju fan
        
       | pugworthy wrote:
       | During COVID I made it a goal to walk every street in my town
       | using the web-based CityStrides (https://citystrides.com/)
       | tracker. It keeps tracks of streets you have walked and lets you
       | know what percentage of a town you have walked. It didn't
       | optimize my routes for coverage, but it was a fun mental puzzle
       | to plan out my walks to hit as many streets as possible without
       | duplication. An automated tool might be fun, but doing it by hand
       | was part of the journey as it were.
       | 
       | As you browse the CityStrides site you can find people's LifeMaps
       | which show all their walking. Some people have done amazing
       | amounts of walking. See this user for example and their coverage
       | of Paris, France...
       | 
       | https://citystrides.com/users/15259/map#48.85741101618777,2....
        
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