[HN Gopher] Fossil fuels fall below 50% of US electricity for th...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Fossil fuels fall below 50% of US electricity for the first month
       on record
        
       Author : xnx
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2025-04-21 11:17 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ember-energy.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ember-energy.org)
        
       | neallindsay wrote:
       | Despite all the data about climate change, the thing that is
       | actually shifting us away from fossil fuels is that solar panels
       | are cheap.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | That's all we've ever cared about, unfortunately.
        
         | pyfon wrote:
         | Yeah I'd be subsidising panels coming in from China personally.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | Lol this to me was the greatest stupidity from Europe. I get
           | Petro states like US or maybe even Canada complaining about
           | China subsiding energy and hurting their oil and gas but what
           | the fuck did Europe protect. They even got fucked over by US
           | into a Russian war and now they are stuck buying US gas.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | The Russian war is entirely the fault of the Russians,
             | along with massive complacency after Russia shot down a
             | planeload of Dutch nationals and used chemical weapons in a
             | UK city.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | What's interesting is the US has always been opposed to
               | Europe being dependent on Russian natural gas. And
               | historically the US is an importer of natural gas. so
               | it's not like the US wants to sell it's natural gas to
               | Europe instead.
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | > They even got fucked over by US into a Russian war and
             | now they are stuck buying US gas.
             | 
             | Europe was stupid as they let "green" political groups
             | (often historically clandestinely backed by Soviet/Russian
             | government) get nuke plants shut down to shift to coal/gas.
             | 
             | While Europe was incredibly naive to remain so udderly
             | reliant on Russian gas, especially after the the annexation
             | of Crimea and the shoot-down of MH17, the war is 150% the
             | fault of the Russian government and nobody else (USA, NATO,
             | Ukraine, etc).
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | The irony that the Chernobyl meltdown was probably the
               | most profitable thing to ever happen to Russia.
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | s/Europe/Germany/
        
         | gmuslera wrote:
         | Maybe not shifting, but adding. Alternative energy sources are
         | being adopted in increasing ways, but in absolute numbers
         | traditional sources keep increasing too.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | The shift is about to come now as LCOE of Solar + Bess is
           | cheaper than coal in China now and getting cheaper
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43749571
        
           | wolfram74 wrote:
           | No, it's definitely shifting, based on [0] the carbon
           | emissions per kwh globally are down from 542 g/kwh to 481
           | g/kwh in the last 10 years, that's over a 10% reduction.
           | Countries that are staying flat are the exception, not the
           | norm.
           | 
           | [0]https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-intensity-
           | electric...
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Because we're talking about _electricity_ the total power
           | usage for the US is mostly stable.
           | 
           | It's not declining like the UK (efficiencies mean total
           | electricity production is down about 25% this century despite
           | population growth) but it's growing only a tiny fraction,
           | like maybe 2% in a decade - much less than the amount of new
           | solar and wind.
           | 
           | So it's definitely shifting, the biggest shift is away from
           | coal. Coal is awful, it's too expensive and it's incredibly
           | polluting, some of that shift is towards gas, which is also a
           | fossil fuel but has the advantage that it burns cleaner and
           | is often cheaper - but as we see in this data lots of the
           | shift is to "green" sources.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | That may no longer be true. For example, China's coal usage
           | is down 5% YoY despite increased electricity usage.
           | 
           | https://cleantechnica.com/2025/04/20/chinas-coal-
           | generation-...
        
         | testing22321 wrote:
         | And getting cheaper everyday.
         | 
         | A year ago I paid $8k for 7.8kw on my roof. My Dad just paid
         | $5k for 10kw.
         | 
         | Neither of us will ever pay for power again.
         | 
         | Edit: Western, southern Canada for those asking.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | ... during daytime, in summer. Or did you install a load of
           | batteries, too?
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | We use the grid like a battery, getting a one for one
             | credit for everything we put in. So during summer/daytime
             | we put in enough to then use up our credit in
             | winter/nighttime.
             | 
             | The power we put in even covers the monthly connection fee.
             | 
             | I'm just about to hit 12 months with mine, 8 Mwh generated,
             | never paid a bill.
             | 
             | In our area the cost of electricity is already Confirmed to
             | increase 5% a year forever, so this will only get better
             | for us.
        
               | belorn wrote:
               | Subsidies like one for one credit are generally going
               | away since those are prohibitively expensive and not
               | sustainable when the ratio of renewables start to climb.
               | It can be useful to jump start adoption, but having the
               | government pay the true cost of the grid only moves the
               | energy bill to the tax bill.
        
               | testing22321 wrote:
               | When that happens, I'll get batteries.
        
               | tasuki wrote:
               | You'll need a lot of batteries. It might or might not be
               | economical, but definitely not ecological. So... depends
               | on your values and goals.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Compared to what? Yes, batteries have ecological costs,
               | but compared to fossil fuels it's minor. Home storage
               | batteries will likely be LFP which are all abundant and
               | recyclable.
        
               | berdario wrote:
               | A Tesla Powerwall3 (which apparently uses LFP) has a
               | capacity of 13.5kWh
               | 
               | A household uses up at least around 2MWh per year, most
               | of which during the winter, if you don't use air
               | conditioning in the summer and don't have an electric car
               | to charge.
               | 
               | That means you'd need around 150 (!) Powerwall 3 units.
               | At a price of around 10k GBP each, you'd have to shell
               | out more than 1 million pounds just for the batteries.
               | Not to mention the space that they'd have to take, and
               | the increased risk in having something failing.
               | 
               | In the USA, homes are even less efficient (and depending
               | on locale, people run AC all year round, and drive tens
               | of thousands of kilometers on cars which also need to be
               | powered). 2 years ago MKBHD published a video about his
               | experience with the Tesla roof:
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/UJeSWbR6W04
               | 
               | In it, he revealed that his yearly power consumption is
               | 55MWh. His battery was able to tide him over the next
               | cloudy day, and during the winter the solar panel
               | wouldn't ever fully recharge again.
               | 
               | Expecting every household to be energy independent year-
               | round via solar is patently absurd. Renewable energy
               | tided over with massive batteries upstream? Maybe that
               | could work, I haven't run the numbers... But you cannot
               | hope to push that responsibility downstream to every
               | household. Reliable baseline is still going to be
               | necessary for the foreseeable future.
        
               | tasuki wrote:
               | This is unsustainable: you deliver power when its real
               | market value is close to zero, and you want to take power
               | out of the grid when its real market value is large.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | That's really neat. Can you share what part of the world you
           | live in? I'd love to do that.
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | Where are you, geographically? I'm interested in adding them
           | but I have a large tree on the south side of my house that I
           | really do not want to cut down.
        
           | homebrewer wrote:
           | At current rates, 5k USD is enough to cover my electricity
           | costs for the next 87 years. Your quoted prices still make
           | them a non-starter in (probably) most of the world.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | You are paying less than $5 a month for that level of
             | energy generation?
             | 
             | Thats ummm extremely cheap.
        
               | byefruit wrote:
               | Indeed, average in CA is $260/month so $5k pays off very
               | fast in some places.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | I live in a locale that has cheap energy, in fact one
               | that makes solar a pretty bad deal. Depending on the real
               | generation numbers of the panels it would take about 20
               | years for me to payback that level of generation.
               | 
               | So saying most people have an 80 year payback period just
               | feels wildly off (depending on the assumptions in the
               | calculation I think that implies less than a penny per
               | kWh generated).
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | Many parts of the US have staggeringly cheap power compared
             | to the rest of the world.
             | 
             | Before all this our power bills were smack on $100 per
             | month, so I've got about a 6.5 year pay off. Electricity
             | here is 13 cents per kWh, but is confirmed to increase 5%
             | per year basically forever. So my pay off is less than
             | that.
        
             | enlyth wrote:
             | That's if the price of electricity doesn't change in the
             | next 87 years
             | 
             | The panels are also a hedge against that uncertainty and
             | provide self reliance
        
               | Paradigma11 wrote:
               | The more usage of intermittent renewables increases the
               | more your electricity bill is dominated by fixed costs.
               | You still need the grid, which is only growing more
               | expensive.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Or batteries, which are also getting cheaper.
               | 
               | For places not already on the grid, using batteries
               | instead of paying for a new grid connection is close
               | enough to be a question worth asking, though from what
               | I've seen not a definite "yes" or "no" in general.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Well how much electricity are you using? If you use much
             | less electricity, then you would need less solar panels
             | which means the system would be cheaper.
             | 
             | I highly doubt there is anywhere in the world where you can
             | buy the amount of energy specified by the parent as cheaply
             | as you said. Like i think it would work out to less then a
             | penny per kwh
             | 
             | If you are not accounting for amount of generation than
             | this is an apples and oranges comparison.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | The parts of the world that use so little electricity are
             | not major contributors to climate change.
        
             | kllrnohj wrote:
             | A 10kW system produces somewhere between 11,000kWh -
             | 17,000kWh / year give or take. Qatar has one of lowest
             | electricity prices in the world at $0.03/kW
             | 
             | $0.03 * 11,000kWh/year * 87 years = $28,710.
             | 
             | So either you're vastly underestimating the amount you pay
             | in electricity, or you're using vastly less electricity in
             | which case you obviously wouldn't get a 10kW system.
        
           | hyperhello wrote:
           | While the cost of power will be reduced, I think that's
           | overly optimistic in the long run. Fixing the lines and power
           | distribution systems when they wear out or get hit by weather
           | is really the cost of your electricity bill. You can have a
           | shared power grid, or not pay for it, but you can't have
           | both. Even areas powered by hydro have to maintain cherry
           | pickers for that.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | I believe solar is the future. And hydro where approppriate.
           | China is doing massive things with hydro. The largest hydro
           | power station in the world is the Three Gorges Dam and
           | they've just announced building one three times as large in
           | Tibet for $137 billion [1].
           | 
           | But there's an issue with solar most people don't talk about.
           | Yes it can be variable due to weather and day/night cycles.
           | That's obvious. But a real issue is power lines.
           | 
           | Power lines are built to deliver power to businesses and
           | homes. The cost of that is amortized over the electricity
           | purchased by consumers. If people end up purchasing only half
           | as much power due to more energy-efficient building
           | standards, the use of solar, etc then the cost of the power
           | lines is still the same except now it needs to be amortized
           | over less electricity sold.
           | 
           | This I think is why municipalities tend to limit how much
           | solar power houses are allowed to have. How do you build and
           | maintain a grid when houses are generally self-suficient?
           | Should you? Is it acceptable to not have a grid?
           | 
           | [1]: https://newatlas.com/energy/yarlung-tsangpo-
           | hydroelectric-pr...
        
             | lifeoflejf wrote:
             | Do you think that will just be moved to the flat connection
             | fee? I had an apt with a gas stove, and nothing else gas.
             | The $8/m connection fee was pretty much my entire gas bill.
             | If it's $50/m per building to be connected to the grid,
             | plus demand charges, then charge that and pass along
             | wholesale energy costs.
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | A connection fee helps but not as much as you think. You
               | could turn that off but there are still pipes built into
               | your house or apartment down to the street. There's still
               | a pipe that runs down the street. There is distribution
               | infrastructure. You might be paying for your connection
               | separately on your bill but you're still amortizing all
               | that downstream infrastructure. If overall usage drops,
               | that connection fee still has to go up.
        
             | vikramkr wrote:
             | The real issue is politics - grids are absolutely going to
             | be required for all the folks who can't generate enough
             | solar on their own roofs, industry, cities, restauraunts,
             | etc. Plus how else are you going to make use of wind, grid
             | scale utility solar installations, etc. I have a feeling
             | many countries in the world (especially china) will not
             | have much trouble forcing the grid to do what's needed and
             | subsidizing shared infrastructure with taxes as a shared
             | societal good. If we insist on not doing that though, the
             | grid system as is is not going to be able to financially
             | and logistically figure out this transition, which is
             | probably a competitive disadvantage for us long term if our
             | own energy grid is stopping us from competing on energy
             | because of the way it's structured.
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | China has specific needs that almost nobody else does.
               | Most notably, all of China's power generation is in the
               | west of the country (eg Three Gorges, the new Tibet dam)
               | but all the people are in the east. You lose power with
               | long-range transmission and on China's scale that's a
               | real problem.
               | 
               | So China has largely invested in, deployed and perfected
               | Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current ("UHVDC") transmission
               | infrastructure. China has really shown they think 10, 20
               | and 50 years into the future with their planning.
               | 
               | As for grids, there are a lot of places that could be
               | self-sufficient with solar plus batteries. A lot of
               | remote towns and houses work this way already.
        
           | aweiland wrote:
           | Those are great prices. In the US we are at least double that
           | for an equivalent system. Many solar installers/sellers here
           | are very predatory and have been for a long time. Prices have
           | dropped, but not by enough for it to be worth it for me.
        
           | usaar333 wrote:
           | > Neither of us will ever pay for power again.
           | 
           | Seems optimistic? With 2 EVs and almost all electric
           | utilities, I'm well past the ~26 KWH a day electricity your
           | system might generate.
           | 
           | I'm also impressed how cheap your costs are. The install cost
           | alone in the Bay Area is going to be past that. Panels
           | getting cheaper just don't matter much.
        
             | gwbas1c wrote:
             | I spent $60k for panels to support 2 EVs and a heat pump. I
             | live in the Northeastern US. I generate ~80% of my
             | electricity.
             | 
             | Assuming the parent doesn't have EVs and uses gas, oil, or
             | wood for heat, the cost makes sense. "Domestic" electricity
             | usage, when you aren't using it for heat and cars, is quite
             | low.
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | My system has generated 50kwh on a few day. Many over 45.
        
           | alabastervlog wrote:
           | Installed?!
           | 
           | Just the electrician's part would be a good chunk of the $5k,
           | where we live (East coast US) before you even get into
           | placing the panels themselves.
           | 
           | I keep seeing cheap panel costs with a "look, now you can
           | afford it!" thing, but for those of us who may be handy but
           | aren't quite willing to do high-power lines & boxes, or
           | confident bolting steel to a roof without either killing
           | ourselves or ruining the roof, the labor costs continue to be
           | very high, and that part's not going down. From what I'm
           | seeing for online "average costs for 10kw in your area" I'd
           | hesitate to pull the trigger even if it were $5k _lower_ than
           | it is, which would probably be an even bigger discount than
           | if the panels and other hardware were simply _free_.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | Back in the first Trump presidency, there was a 30% tariff
             | on solar panels and equipment, which has significantly
             | increased the price of going solar in the US.
             | 
             | Couple that with the fact that Canada very likely has
             | subsidies for people adopting solar power.
        
             | klipt wrote:
             | Probably helps the Canadian government isn't trying to
             | tariff solar power in the hopes of promoting "beautiful
             | clean coal" instead
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | I mean, yes, separately that's going to put solar plans
               | on hold for a lot of people in the US. I just meant that
               | labor costs alone already tended to easily exceed $5k for
               | rooftop solar projects in the US, so I was surprised at
               | that price for that much solar.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Canada does actually apply significant tarrifs to chinese
               | solar panel companies
               | 
               | https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/mif-mev/sml-
               | eng.html
        
             | _jules wrote:
             | As one who went diy in your region - keep calling
             | electricians, you'll eventually find one who'll do the job
             | at a fair price. With micro-inverters, there's no power in
             | the lines till you connect into the main panel & you can
             | work that our with a licensed electrician.
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | Very good info, thanks.
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | Yes, installed with a bit of diy. Licensed solar installer
             | and myself did most of the work. Electrician to actually
             | wire into the house panel was $125 for 1 hour. Permits were
             | $36.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | With solar the power per panel speaks a bit to the labor cost
           | of installation. For one you are less likely to have to go to
           | lengths to squeeze the system onto your roof and gang the
           | correct number together.
        
           | EnPissant wrote:
           | Meanwhile, new construction in California is required by law
           | to include solar panels, and builders can price them however
           | they want. You will typically see prices of $27,000 for a 5.7
           | kWh system. You can also choose a lease if you wish, but it's
           | the same as buying the panels, except with a much higher
           | interest rate than including it in your mortgage.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | China saving the Planet?
         | 
         | How dare you...
        
         | amima wrote:
         | To my understanding, scaling production to bring prices down
         | due to economy of scale is the part of the initial plan, which
         | was based on the data about climate change. So these things are
         | connected.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Not to mention how much's been invested in government
           | subsidies to develop that scale. Cheap solar is not a
           | spontaneous occurrence by any means.
        
         | toddmorey wrote:
         | That's the only environmental hope I've been able to hang onto.
         | It's now cheaper in most places[1] for net new energy
         | installations to NOT use fossil fuels. I knew environmentally
         | conscious approaches could never survive being the morally
         | correct yet more expensive option.
         | 
         | [1] IRENA 2023 report shows that solar photovoltaic (PV)
         | generation was 56% less expensive than the weighted average
         | fossil fuel-fired alternatives, despite being 414% more
         | expensive back in 2010. Bloomberg New Energy Finance found in
         | March 2021 that "renewables are the cheapest power option for
         | 71% of global GDP and 85% of global power generation."
        
           | Paradigma11 wrote:
           | But how much more expensive would it make the power for the
           | last 15% of global power generation?
           | 
           | What is the total cost for both scenarios?
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Use it for the 85% first, and then when that's done,
             | battery prices will have declined enough that the number
             | will be a lot closer to 100%.
        
               | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
               | And honestly 85% would be pretty damn good all by itself.
               | That would significantly stem the bleeding and give time
               | to address the long tail
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | I thought we were past the stem the bleeding point?
        
               | datadrivenangel wrote:
               | There are reasons to be optimistic!
               | 
               | Lots of bad things will happen from climate change, but
               | we can mitigate the impact of many of those issues.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | How many people do you think are going to die painful
               | deaths because of climate change?
        
             | mrDmrTmrJ wrote:
             | In the US Nuclear gives about 19% of total generation and
             | hydro another 6%. So you don't have to go beyond 75%
             | renewables to start with.
             | 
             | Long term, we need a combination of the following
             | technologies to get to 100% carbon free electricity with
             | 80% renewables: 1. Long distance transmission lines. 2.
             | Some type of "clean, firm, dispatchable" power. Examples
             | include: Nuclear fission, fusion power, deep geothermal,
             | and space based solar power.
             | 
             | We can certainly use the cost savings from getting to 80%
             | renewables to finance figuring out how to scaling
             | production of one (or more) of the later technologies to
             | lower cost. Simply reducing the regulatory burden on
             | Nuclear Fusion can accomplish that if a society chooses
             | this path.
             | 
             | Lot of work to do. And many economic powers would loose out
             | from this transition (e.g. Exxon or Russia) but totally
             | feasible to accomplish.
             | 
             | If you want to do a deep dive into cost scenarios look at
             | the work of Christopher Clack or Jesse Jenkins.
             | 
             | Example: https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2921
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | Too little, too late. We should've been switching to
               | solar in the 80s. Even if we could switch to be carbon
               | free tomorrow, the amount of CO2 already in the
               | atmosphere is predicted to cause breadbasket collapses
               | within the next 20 years.
               | 
               | If it makes folks feel better, there's a good chance you
               | probably had no control/influence over this outcome if
               | you were born after 1980.
               | 
               | https://www.sciencealert.com/researchers-weve-
               | underestimated...
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | We were trying to switch to solar in the 80s, but it was
               | infeasible. The technology just wasn't there. Now it is
               | and we're adopting it en masse.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | We will spray the atmosphere to buy more time.
               | 
               | People will haggle over it because of the unknowns, but
               | when imminent social chaos becomes obvious, we'll be
               | forced to pull the trigger on it.
        
               | rickydroll wrote:
               | This is why I think we need to roll the dice on
               | geoengineering. We can try to tilt the odds in our favor,
               | but it's still a crapshoot. From what I've read, iron
               | fertilization would be one of the better paths to go. A
               | potentially better path would be the creation of
               | synthetic whale poop.
               | 
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/scientists-are-
               | cra...
        
               | datadrivenangel wrote:
               | It's not hopeless. The risk of crop failures may be
               | higher than it would be if we were going to experience
               | less warming, but having a bad harvest year isn't
               | existential. We'll work to mitigate things.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | > 1. Long distance transmission lines.
               | 
               | Those are _really_ expensive. They 're part of the
               | toolbox, but they're not tool #1.
               | 
               | > 2. Some type of "clean, firm, dispatchable" power.
               | Examples include: Nuclear fission, fusion power, deep
               | geothermal, and space based solar power.
               | 
               | If you're relying on that to supply power during those
               | winter weeks without sun & wind then it has to scale up
               | to 100% of power needs. And if it can do that, why build
               | anything else?
               | 
               | To get to 100% carbon free with > 99.99% reliability for
               | under $1T, your primary tool is modelling.
               | 
               | Then you reach for:
               | 
               | - source diversity. Wind is more expensive than solar,
               | but it tends to be highest at dawn/dusk so is a great
               | complement. - overprovisioning. Enough solar to supply
               | needs on a cloudy winter day - storage. - long distance
               | interconnect. There's never been an hour in recorded
               | history where there's no sun or wind somewhere in the
               | continental US.
               | 
               | https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262545044/electrify/
        
               | vikramkr wrote:
               | the sun shines and the wind blows in the winter. Plus,
               | batteries. Giant redox flow batteries are coming online
               | now, sodium batteries, it's not like there aren't options
               | for storage people are working on.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | > There's never been an hour in recorded history where
               | there's no sun or wind somewhere in the continental US.
               | 
               | But is that sufficient to handle the full load across the
               | entire continental US? And how do you do that without the
               | really expensive long distance high voltage transmission
               | lines?
               | 
               | Where I live, bad winters can see us go for weeks of full
               | cloud cover and little wind in January. If we really get
               | away from fossil fuels and run heat pumps, that means
               | electrical use in winter will rival that in summer.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | No it isn't. That's why I said that modelling is tool #1.
               | The whole US might not go an hour without sun and wind,
               | but your area might go 3 weeks. But the combination of
               | your area and a neighboring area might max at 3 days. So
               | thus instead of building a continent wide interconnect
               | and no storage, you build a regional one and 3 days of
               | storage.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Tariffs are changing this, however. Buy them ASAP if you're
         | building.
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | I'm confused by your statement. What else would it be if not
         | cheaper renewable options?
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | You could instead make the fossil fuels cost more.
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | Why would you do one or the other? We've done both so far.
             | Let's keep doing both.
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | >> solar panels are cheap
         | 
         | I want solar panels, but i'm also a skeptic on the cost, and
         | not enough time has passed to prove how things will go. While I
         | agree the metered cost may now favor solar -- what is the TCO
         | for the average resident? Some things on my mind:
         | 
         | 1. Everything seems inexpensive at first, before you have to
         | pay for servicing. Just like with cars, HVAC systems, plumbing
         | systems, or any complex system where you are at the mercy of
         | repair companies that are highly local. With plumbers in our
         | area, you cannot even effectively get multiple quotes because
         | there is a "visit fee" of $125, which gets credited to repairs
         | if you choose the provider.
         | 
         | 2. Roofs in general are expensive to maintain and repair. Here
         | on the costs, i've never seen even a minor repair be under 1k.
         | Major roof replacements cost 5 to 15k for average homes. This
         | might be a greater-metro-NY issue though. Part of it is the
         | liability insurance of workers being on the roof, so I'm not
         | saying the cost is unjustified -- just that it is really
         | expensive.
         | 
         | 3. What happens when these solar panels need to be serviced?
         | Many of these solar shops are fly by night, looking to cash in
         | on govt incentives. Will they be around to service
         | malfunctioning or panels? What will repair costs be? Who
         | guarantees the warranty? As an example, here in NJ even minor
         | tweaks on a leaking showerhead will cost $500 to $1000. I can
         | only imagine what a broken solar panel will cost.
         | 
         | 4. I realize this is a very selfish opinion -- but just from a
         | systems boundary perspective, traditional energy complexity is
         | all upstream and I consume the end-product. Solar energy
         | complexity is all local and I take the risk.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Nobody even mentioned rooftop solar.
        
           | kadushka wrote:
           | _Major roof replacements cost 5 to 15k for average homes_
           | 
           | I just got some quotes to replace a tile roof on my very
           | average 2400 sqft house in FL: 50-60k. Asked neighbors -
           | seems reasonable to them.
        
             | apercu wrote:
             | I assume Florida is an outlier due to storms, in most of
             | the country you'd probably pay half that unless your roof
             | is complicated.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | I also got a quote from Tesla to get solar shingles roof
               | - $110k.
        
             | ChoGGi wrote:
             | That's the asphalt shingle price, tile is pricey.
        
           | apercu wrote:
           | >2. Roofs in general are expensive to maintain and repair.
           | Here on the costs, i've never seen even a minor repair be
           | under 1k. Major roof replacements cost 5 to 15k for average
           | homes. This might be a greater-metro-NY issue though. Part of
           | it is the liability insurance of workers being on the roof,
           | so I'm not saying the cost is unjustified -- just that it is
           | really expensive.
           | 
           | Where exactly is this? I have a modest, single story house
           | (1600 sq ft) and most of my estimates are ~$20k. (SW
           | Wisconsin).
        
             | ChoGGi wrote:
             | If that's just stripping the old shingles off and placing
             | new ones, you should be looking at around $6-10k.
             | 
             | Is there a lot of rebuilding or something going on around
             | you?
             | 
             | My roof (1200 sq roof deck not house) would've been about
             | 18, but that's because it had cedar shingles under the
             | asphalt. I did it myself for 3 in materials and about 3
             | weeks of labour. These are all CAD prices.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | 1. HVAC manufactures have moved to building proprietary
           | computer controlled HVAC systems which must be serviced by a
           | certified technician. This allows them to build a system of
           | regional service companies who maintain complete monopoly
           | over an entire region. Even if you wanted to open a shop to
           | compete with the incumbent, you can't because the
           | manufacturer wont allow you if another shop in your region
           | exists. The result is gate-kept artificial scarcity of
           | technicians and parts allowing for price gouging. The
           | solution is right to repair and boycotting these clowns.
           | 
           | 2. Roof work has always been a huge cost as it's very labor
           | intensive (I learned some flat roof maintenance from a roofer
           | friend.) The issue is we have not developed a roof system
           | that works in conjunction with solar panels. Until that
           | happens roofs and solar will be orthogonal problems no one
           | wants.
           | 
           | 3. My work got semi-screwed by this. They used concrete
           | blocks, around 60,000 pounds worth, to hold down metal frames
           | the panels were bolted to. Total bonkers fly-by night
           | operation company disappeared after 2 years and we had to
           | maintain it ourselves. Roof was destroyed after 7 years as it
           | was leaking all over and several cracks formed in the blocks
           | around beams. It was deemed unsafe and the entire 75kW system
           | removed. Building owner spent $200k on a new roof and
           | building repairs then banned solar from being installed
           | again.
           | 
           | 4. So is your fancy HVAC system. I believe that electrical
           | generation should become part of a homes infrastructure just
           | like HVAC. It enables authority and autonomy over energy
           | which is something I have wanted. Though I also believe if
           | someone wishes to surrender that autonomy then they should be
           | allowed to do so.
        
             | r00fus wrote:
             | > The issue is we have not developed a roof system that
             | works in conjunction with solar panels.
             | 
             | Millions of data points suggest your POV is unfounded.
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | Please post them.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | Every single solar installation with no reported issues.
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | The issue here are current racking systems make service
               | of the roof difficult or impossible without tedious and
               | costly disassembly of traditional solar panel
               | installation. Someone has to go around and unbolt
               | everything. We need a system where you can rapidly attach
               | and remove them without tools. Otherwise roof maintenance
               | becomes roofer + PV maintenance.
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | For your point 2. isn't there a company making solar cell
             | arrays in the form of a metal roof panel?
             | 
             | A quick search shows: Forward Solar Roofing, a San
             | Francisco, USA company (but they seem to have vanished?)
             | 
             | Another company with a similar approach (which is not
             | Tesla) is: https://www.suntegrasolar.com/
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | My concern with these systems is what happens if the
               | company goes out of business and you need to replace a
               | proprietary shaped panel?
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | The Forward Solar Roofing company had panels which were
               | interchangeable w/ existing metal panels, so could have
               | been replaced (albeit at a loss of capacity).
               | 
               | Agree that's a concern for the other products in this
               | space.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | Equipment cost is actually not that much now it mostly labor
           | and marketing. That is the main reason solar makes countries
           | with cheap labor have huge advantage with solar. A similar
           | system will cost $60k in the US to $15-20k in India and China
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | Or Australia. For some reason Aussie installers are able to
             | install systems for incredibly affordable prices. I'm
             | always jealous when I see a quote from down under that is
             | like a third of what I paid per watt in the US.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | As someone else points out, this is just a rooftop solar
           | question and utility has better economics unless land is
           | really expensive everywhere or your grid connection
           | permitting regime is broken.
           | 
           | My rooftop solar installation is about 10 years old, has long
           | since broken even, and has required .. exactly one incidence
           | of maintenance, to fit pigeon-proofing. Which could have been
           | done at the initial install time, I just wasn't aware of how
           | necessary it could be.
           | 
           | It has huge advantages against HVAC (and, by extension, all
           | the plumbing-based systems like nuclear) in that it doesn't
           | have any plumbing. The panel is a big photodiode. There is
           | basically nothing to go wrong unless you have serious storm
           | damage - and my panels have survived winds that took down
           | nearby trees and fences.
           | 
           | > What happens when these solar panels need to be serviced?
           | 
           | To a first approximation, they don't. Maybe at the 20-25
           | "EOL" mark.
           | 
           | (even cheaper option would be balcony solar, but that
           | requires legalization)
        
             | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
             | how does pigeon-proofing work?
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Since I have curved tiles, that creates a space
               | underneath that's ideal for nesting in. Since they're a
               | nuisance, the pigeon proofing consists of fitting some
               | combination of wire mesh and plastic around the edges to
               | stop them from getting underneath.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | You opinion is not selfish (I'm selfishly taking advantage of
           | low solar cell costs and decent ROI). You are however, quite
           | uninformed about the details. Go ask on /r/solar or some
           | other forums or just ask friends who've installed - most are
           | just silently soaking up ROI.
           | 
           | Three things to keep in mind: * I would definitely install
           | after replacing your roof unless it's like just < 5yr old. *
           | Most solar loans, PPA or leases have significantly bad
           | financial terms so I recommend people to avoid them. * Make
           | sure your utility has some kind of net-metering or you will
           | have to install batteries to make it cost effective.
        
           | 01100011 wrote:
           | So my experience with a leased solar system installed in
           | SoCal in 2011 and owned until 2018(SunRun). The system ended
           | up costing me a fair amount of money although it let me run
           | my AC all day without thinking about it. Sure I could have
           | turned off the AC but the amount I'd have made from selling
           | electricity wouldn't have been much. I hear the situation is
           | even worse now because of the new plans(and now people in the
           | old plans will be forcibly removed). The system also slightly
           | complicated the sale of the home.
           | 
           | I'll say that one goal of the current administration,
           | assuming they're competent enough to accomplish anything, is
           | to dramatically increase US electricity production and I
           | believe them. So with electric costs predicted to drop I
           | suspect it is a bad time to invest in a solar system. China
           | tariffs probably make this even worse as panels should rise
           | in cost.
           | 
           | I would also defer a solar install until I got a new roof
           | since replacing your roof means paying to remove and replace
           | the solar system.
           | 
           | I'll admit that I am biased, generally, against residential
           | rooftop solar for non-off-grid installs since my personal
           | belief is those panels serve society better when they're
           | filling commercial rooftops where economies of scale can make
           | maintenance overhead per watt lower but I'm sure someone will
           | contradict that belief with statistics. Just throwing it out
           | there.
        
         | moomin wrote:
         | Yes, but solar panels are cheap as a consequence of investment,
         | partly supported by many solar promotion policies around the
         | world, that were inspired by climate change concerns.
         | 
         | This is actually a victory lap for political activism, we just
         | need a lot more of it.
        
         | ashoeafoot wrote:
         | What could real push a shift would be thermal longtime storage.
         | Basically heatpump heating with a artificial heat stored
         | underground in the summer.
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | What geological impacts does heating the ground cause?
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | If you could figure out a way to do this economically you
           | could have a real winner. Ground source heat pumps already
           | exist, but they're so expensive to install that they
           | basically never make their cost back vs. air source heat
           | pumps.
        
         | bufferoverflow wrote:
         | And it doesn't make almost any difference, because other
         | countries are building hume amounts of coal plants. China
         | started 95GW of coal plant construction just last year.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | China's coal usage is down 5% in the last 12 months:
           | https://cleantechnica.com/2025/04/20/chinas-coal-
           | generation-...
           | 
           | They're adding coal capacity quickly, but they're lowering
           | the capacity factor of that usage even faster. Those coal
           | plants are peakers that only run when solar & batteries are
           | empty.
        
             | jahnu wrote:
             | I think it was on Volts podcast where I heard that many of
             | them are built as political insurance for regional
             | governments who don't want an angry population if they have
             | an unusually cold winter and a _lot_ of them are going to
             | end up as stranded assets which the population gets way
             | less mad about.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Ironically building coal plants probably helps wean China
               | off coal. They use a lot of coal for heating. But nobody
               | is going to want to switch to a heat pump unless they
               | have reliable electricity.
        
             | Aloisius wrote:
             | Not in the last 12 months. This quarter compared to a year
             | ago.
             | 
             | It was up 1.5% for 2024 compared to 2023:
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chinas-thermal-
             | power...
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | The top-line number doesn't accurately explain what's going
           | on in China: they have a bunch of coal plans, but many of
           | them operate at 10% or less of rated capacity, probably out
           | of a combination of "these are peaker and/or worst-case (i.e.
           | American oil embargo) scenario energy security plants" and
           | old-fashioned deficiencies in central planning. In any case,
           | you should measure coal burned instead of capacity installed,
           | which is leveling off: [1]
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.statista.com/statistics/265491/chinese-coal-
           | cons...
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | China also installed way more solar than, for example, the
           | US. Their energy needs are growing quickly as a developing
           | nation.
        
             | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
             | China didn't just install more solar than any other
             | country, they installed more than all other countries
             | combined.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Economies of scale. That's how you win.
        
           | LUmBULtERA wrote:
           | China is deploying far more solar generation, at an
           | increasing rate. [0]
           | 
           | Increasingly cheap battery storage, also built in China, is
           | also being deployed rapidly.
           | 
           | It all makes a lot of difference.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.pv-magazine.com/2024/02/02/chinas-new-pv-
           | install...
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | It provably does matter.
           | 
           | Western transition away from fossil fuel usage is still a
           | reduction in net fossil fuel usage when compared to no shift
           | at all. In other words fossil fuel usage might still be
           | growing, but it is growing at a slower rate. If we accept
           | that fossil fuel usage should be minmized then it very much
           | matters.
           | 
           | Aside from that; this argument reduces to an exceptionally
           | bad moral stance which is: Someone else is doing bad things,
           | therefore that justifies _me_ doing that bad thing. Or as you
           | might phrase the counter-argument to a young child: just
           | because someone else is littering doesn 't mean that it is ok
           | for you to litter.
        
         | Tireings wrote:
         | Yes but climate change made them so cheap.
         | 
         | Lucky enough for us and everyone else economy of scale kicked
         | in. I'm taking it
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | s/climate change/China/
           | 
           | The US bungled its lead in photovoltaics and politics
           | prevented us from catching up - so like most other things,
           | China leads the way, and we benefit.
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | China literally just subsidized soar panel manufacturing to
             | the time of several billions of dollars with the express
             | goal of killing manufacturing everywhere else and then
             | raising prices once the competition was gone.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | There's really no reason the US or other major economies
               | couldn't have followed suit. The chinese plan only works
               | because the other major economies are more than willing
               | to give them that manufacturing capacity since it means a
               | local (although somewhat temporary) boon.
               | 
               | The whole plan could have been snookered by the US
               | similarly subsidizing their solar production 10 or 20
               | years into the chinese plan. Which would have put most of
               | the cost onto China while we reaped the benefits of cheap
               | power production.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | The Obama administration tried, but it was too little too
               | late and they were raked over the coals by Republicans
               | for "choosing winners".
               | 
               | But fundamentally solar cell production was (is?) pretty
               | dirty and US environmental regulations were always going
               | to be a stumbling block. One used to be able to spot
               | Chinese solar factories on satellite maps by looking
               | upstream from deadzones, but apparently that has been
               | enough of an embarrassment that even the CCP has started
               | cracking down.
        
               | anonymars wrote:
               | And choosing "losers", specifically Solyndra was shrieked
               | at along the lines of Benghazi
               | 
               | Basically DOE funded research pretty successfully but it
               | only takes one failure for the loud voices to win
               | 
               | Same program funded Tesla as I recall
               | 
               | Example source:
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/world/us/exclusive-
               | controver...
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | > But fundamentally solar cell production was (is?)
               | pretty dirty
               | 
               | There's nothing "fundamentally" dirty about it. It's not
               | like fossil fuel combustion that inevitably produces a
               | large stream of waste (CO2).
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Wow, only several billion dollars? That's like 0.1% of
               | the US federal budget.
        
               | vikramkr wrote:
               | yeah, pretty smart move. We shoulda done that too -
               | controlling the means of production for energy generation
               | is a pretty useful thing imo.
        
               | worewood wrote:
               | environmental "awareness" doesn't mean dog poo;
               | environment-friendly will only be prioritized when it's
               | cheaper to do so. That's why government subsidies and
               | taxing are REQUIRED.
               | 
               | The western world should have subsidized it too, now you
               | can't dismiss it because it wasn't organic--because it
               | NEVER would be organic.
        
             | Tireings wrote:
             | Germany actually started the push.
        
               | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
               | I heard explanation that at some point silicone prices
               | skyrocketed, so Germany shifted RnD from monocrystals to
               | thin film panels
               | 
               | High prices caused an influx of investment - and silicone
               | prices plummeted, which allowed China to get the crown
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Silicone != Silicon. Two different materials. I use
               | silicone caulk to seal things up. I use silicon crystals
               | to make microchips.
        
               | delusional wrote:
               | So THATS what I've been doing wrong. I'm telling you
               | guys, we're this close to getting competitive chip
               | production to the west.
        
         | gotoeleven wrote:
         | I keep hearing that solar panels are cheap but then I get my
         | PG&E bill every month.
        
         | porphyra wrote:
         | I personally think that it is amazing that we are likely going
         | to shift away from fossil fuels out of pure capitalistic greed.
         | Trying to convince people to give up fossil fuels out of some
         | altruistic desire to save the planet was never gonna work.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | If you want to change the world you need to align the
           | incentives.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | It has been the smart economic decision for a decade or more
           | already. Capitalistic greed caused some to spread FUD around
           | that issue, deny there was a problem and attack several
           | useful tools for dealing with it.
           | 
           | The fact that capitalistic greed has caught up with reality a
           | decade later after most of the hard work was done and is now
           | fighting on both sides of the issue is somewhat tragic.
           | 
           | Doubly so if you consider what it means about every other
           | global problem we face that might affect a powerful
           | incumbent's short term profits.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | We have at least subsidized solar enough to build up enough
         | manufacturing to contribute to that price.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | >Despite all the data about climate change, the thing that is
         | actually shifting us away from fossil fuels is that solar
         | panels are cheap.
         | 
         | It also requires the political will. Texas is showing us that
         | the market is in fact not rational, and will absolutely do
         | something that's universally contrary to everyone's best
         | interests for the sake of grandstanding.
         | 
         | https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/energy-markets/texas-bi...
        
           | 9283409232 wrote:
           | That is not showing us the market is not rational, it is
           | showing us that Texas politics is corrupt. Texas is
           | interfering in the market and picking the winners despite
           | renewables being the favorable market option. Republicans are
           | only in favor of no regulations and letting the market decide
           | when it favors them.
        
             | moate wrote:
             | >>That is not showing us the market is not rational, it is
             | showing us that Texas politics is corrupt.
             | 
             | Dear capitalists, this is not a bar:
             | 
             | The first thing proves the second. The market is a real
             | thing that exists in the universe we live in, not just in
             | academic research. The markets are never "rational",
             | because they're just people. They may be "predictable" or
             | even "stable" but humans are not rational. The fact that
             | the market can be manipulated, means that it is
             | manipulated.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | Texas subsidized wind energy for 30 years now - it was
             | actually George W Bush and Rick Perry's legacy making
             | project when they were Governors of Texas [0][1][2] and
             | made up 20-30% of total energy produced.
             | 
             | Issue is, a significant proportion of Texas's budget comes
             | out of NatGas and Oil revenue, so there's a perverse
             | incentive when renewables end up pricing well below NatGas
             | and Oil, and labor unions aligned to ONG like the UAW, ILU,
             | and affiliates of the AFL-CIO like the United Steelworkers
             | are VERY politically powerful.
             | 
             | This will be a major hurdle in energy exporting countries
             | like the US, Norway, Canada, Netherlands, the Gulf, etc and
             | it can't be handwaved away.
             | 
             | And no - rETraInInG doesn't work when much of the renewable
             | industry is heavily automated, a major reason the ILU, UAW,
             | and parts of the AFL-CIO ended up supporting the Trump
             | admin's tariffs regime: either you drop the unions and
             | cause tens of thousands to lose high paying jobs and
             | radicalize a vast swath of Americans OR you do nothing and
             | let the earth cook.
             | 
             | [0] -
             | https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/08/29/70295/george-
             | w-b...
             | 
             | [1] - https://www.texastribune.org/2013/09/16/book-excerpt-
             | go-get-...
             | 
             | [2] - https://www.masterresource.org/texas/george-w-bush-
             | wind-ener...
        
         | worewood wrote:
         | That's why environmental "awareness" doesn't mean dog poo;
         | environment-friendly will only be prioritized when it's cheaper
         | to do so. That's why government subsidies and taxing are
         | REQUIRED for the switch to more environmentally friendly
         | alternatives--this applies to everything, from fossil fuels to
         | packaging.
        
         | newuser94303 wrote:
         | Solar panels WERE cheap until 145% tariffs were applied
        
         | DontchaKnowit wrote:
         | Yeaaaahhh but the data on climate change informed government
         | policy that subsidized renewable energy.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Energy is a frustrating topic because people have some very
       | entrenched but uninformed opinions about it, like hte "energy
       | independence" argument. We're clearly energy independent but
       | people will look to see that we still import oil and natural gas
       | and say we're not. That's a business. Refining is a business.
       | Making LNG is a business. Canada has no real way of exporting oil
       | and natural gas so we buy it, process it and either use it or
       | export it.
       | 
       | Another: peak total and per-capita greenhouse gas emissions in
       | the US peaked in about 2007 and has decreased ~10% since then
       | [1]. We still produce the most per-capita so there's a long way
       | to go. China leads the world on renewable energy builds by a
       | mile. It's not even close. Yet their usage of coal is still
       | increasing as is their greenhouse gas emissions (total and per-
       | capita) due to a still industrializing population.
       | 
       | Electricity costs continue to increase [2]. Some blame this on
       | renewables. It's not. This is a longstanding trend. It goes
       | beyond inflation though. Utilities are generally regional
       | monopolies. For some reason we've decided that privatizing these
       | is somehow a good idea (it's not). The need for ever-increasing
       | profits just means things will continue to get more expensive.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.wri.org/insights/charts-explain-per-capita-
       | green...
       | 
       | [2]: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU000072610
        
         | EduardoBautista wrote:
         | > Canada has no real way of exporting oil and natural gas so we
         | buy it, process it and either use it or export it.
         | 
         | Just to be clear, you mean "we" as in the USA? So the USA
         | basically manages the exports of Canadian fossil fuels?
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | Yes, I mean the USA. Here's a presentation on the Canadian
           | oil and gas industry [1]. You can see that a very small
           | portion is exported directly. Almost all of it is via
           | pipelines to the USA.
           | 
           | This is a huge strategic benefit to the US, which is yet
           | another reason why alienating Canada through tariffs and
           | other policies is such a laughably ignorant and terrible
           | idea.
           | 
           | It's also why anyone pointing to non-zero US imports of oil
           | and gas as damning proof of the US not being energy
           | independent is incredibly ill-informed.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.capp.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Canadian-
           | Expo...
        
             | ChoGGi wrote:
             | China is ramping up imports of Canadian crude.
             | 
             | https://financialpost.com/commodities/energy/oil-
             | gas/china-u...
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | I see the announcements of China importing more Canadian
               | oil to be largely performative.
               | 
               | Canada lacks the facilities to export oil so they'd have
               | to build them when there are existing piplines that
               | export it to the US. That's a hard to justify expense,
               | particularly because Canada-US relations could change any
               | moment. LNG is even worse because those facilities are
               | expensive.
               | 
               | China is going to get its oil from Russia, Iran and
               | Venezuela, like it already does. Russian oil can be
               | imported overland. Sanctions are laughably avoided by
               | simply laundering oil exports through Malaysia and
               | elsewhere [1].
               | 
               | This also suits China's strategic interests of not having
               | a unipolar world.
               | 
               | But long-term China seeks to end its dependence on
               | imported oil, just like the US did, except China is doing
               | it with hydro and solar and by decreasing demand by
               | electrifying transportation.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/chinas-
               | march-ira...
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Westridge Marine Terminal back in Burnaby (right outside
               | Vancouver) can handle APAC oil exports.
               | 
               | That said, Canada is ambivalent about negotiations with
               | China as much of Canada's automotive industry would be
               | destroyed in a liberalized trade deal with China, just
               | like what happened to Australia after their FTAs with
               | ASEAN, China, India, SK, and Japan.
               | 
               | China was also caught trying to influence Canadian
               | elections by the CSIS [0], so trust is limited.
               | 
               | [0] - https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-
               | spies-found-ch...
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | Canada *can* export its oil and natural gas, but mostly
             | doesn't because the economics haven't historically
             | warranted it. Most Canadian Oil is relatively heavy, which
             | the gulf refineries in the US are tailored to refine when
             | mixed with Texan and Oklahoman oil (for historical reasons
             | the heavy mix was Canadian and Venezuelan, but the latter
             | is not a factor with the combination of mostly being
             | sanctioned as well as lower output levels due to
             | mismanagement).
             | 
             | The gulf refineries are designed to have a decent chunk of
             | heavy oil, so the historical price discount that Canada
             | gets is less compared to if it shipped it elsewhere. It's
             | similar for natural gas - we just didn't extract enough of
             | it to justify dedicated LNG terminals, not to mention the
             | extra pipelines to ship it to them. The price delta didn't
             | have an ROI compared to just piping it south.
             | 
             | However, with Trump the economics are all now shifting. It
             | now may very well be worth it. There are recently completed
             | pipelines from Alberta to the Pacific and there's now
             | (very, very early) serious talk of more going east, along
             | with terminals.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | > [China] usage of coal is still increasing
         | 
         | China's coal usage is down 5% YoY.
         | https://cleantechnica.com/2025/04/20/chinas-coal-generation-...
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | According to wikipedia, as of 2023, the US ranks 17th in
         | greenhouse emissions per capita.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_greenhous...
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | China's coal usage is estimated to peak in the next few years
         | and projected to start dropping there as well. Possibly a lot
         | faster than they announced a few years ago as it seems they too
         | underestimated their own ability to do things better and
         | cheaper.
         | 
         | A lot of the story in the US is not about the amount of energy
         | used but about the amount of energy wasted. Most of the energy
         | used in the use is simply heating the universe without doing
         | anything useful whatsoever. The US is very inefficient with
         | it's energy usage. Heating/cooling barely insulated buildings,
         | moving around in stupidly heavy vehicles, etc. Per capita, the
         | Chinese are doing way better per kwh. They pay less for and do
         | more with their kwh.
         | 
         | Cost of energy in the US has more to do with it's bloated
         | system than with technology. Outdated/broken infrastructure,
         | restrictive/backwards policy, inefficient equipment, obsolete
         | technology, etc.
        
       | thegreatpeter wrote:
       | Is it bc solar is subsidized or is it bc it's cheaper? Every time
       | I walk into Lowes I'm sold on solar but they say it's bc the
       | government is heavily subsidizing it
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | If you look up your address here it will give you the cost
         | breakdown. (https://sunroof.withgoogle.com/) I just checked my
         | house again and it's $30K for 10kW, but there is a $10K tax
         | credit, so the subsidy is a 1/3 of the cost.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | It's both. The subsidies help the solar power market develop.
         | Supply lines of panels, installation, etc. as these grow and
         | mature prices come down. We subsidize fossil fuel production as
         | well with similar results.
        
         | vikramkr wrote:
         | It's cheaper and they're all subsidized. Solar is subsidized,
         | oil and gas is subsidized, nuclear is subsidized. Fracking
         | recieved significant subsidies to develop the market initially.
         | Right now, solar/wind is cheaper than fossil fuels by a lot,
         | which is why it's the largest percentage of newly added energy
         | capacity worldwide. Cheaper, faster, and after installation,
         | the power plant doesn't need to keep getting fed with a
         | consumable (incredibly low variable costs are causing issues
         | where markets are getting messed up and going into 0/negative
         | prices since power plants are competing to dump energy it
         | doesn't cost them anything to generate)
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | It is still subsidized, to the tune of 30%. However, that
         | subsidy is mostly because rooftop installs have very high labor
         | costs in the US. Solar farms pay far less per watt.
         | 
         | The actual hardware, especially the panels, have dropped so
         | much in price that if you're capable and willing to do the work
         | yourself you can have a solar install paid off in 2-5 years,
         | depending on how much sun you get and how expensive your local
         | power is. I've seen homebrew setups down south that were paid
         | off in just over a year, but those were guys who live way out
         | in the desert and were getting ripped off by their power
         | company.
         | 
         | One thing you don't see anymore is fancy sun-tracking mounts.
         | Back when panels were expensive they sometimes made sense, but
         | these days it's pretty much always better to just install more
         | panels instead. You can even point them differently, with half
         | facing SE for morning sun and the other half facing SW for
         | evening sun, flattening your production curve and allowing you
         | to use a cheaper and smaller inverter.
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | One important point that's not obvious from this article: U.S.
       | pollution from fossil fuels isn't actually decreasing.
       | 
       | From what I understand (and please correct me if I'm wrong),
       | overall energy demand in the U.S. continues to grow year over
       | year. Most of the additional energy needed is now being supplied
       | by renewables.
       | 
       | So while we're adding less new pollution--because the new energy
       | is cleaner--we're still producing the same amount of fossil fuel
       | pollution as before.
       | 
       | The baseline pollution hasn't gone down; we've just slowed the
       | rate at which it increases.
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | Is that a fact or a supposition based on fossil fuel generation
         | continuing to grow? Pollution produced by fossil fuels isn't
         | necessarily equal. Modern power plants are significantly less
         | polluting, and gas is much better than coal. If coal continued
         | its decline and newer plants replaced some old ones, you could
         | easily have less total pollution from increased fossil fuels
         | generation.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | In the US greenhouse gasses are down across a variety of
         | absolute metrics:
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/united-states#what-ar...
         | 
         | In the electricity grid specifically they peaked around 2006
         | and are 15% below 1990 due to switching from coal to gas and
         | introducing renewables
         | 
         | What you say is broadly true globally but western nations are
         | mostly on the downslope and the globe as a whole is slowing and
         | hopefully going negative soon.
        
           | tiffanyh wrote:
           | That's one of the most interesting links I've seen in a long
           | time (regardless of subject).
           | 
           | Thanks for sharing because it puts things in perspective much
           | easier due to the data it sourced.
        
             | jmknoll wrote:
             | If you're convinced by the materials shared, you may want
             | to consider editing your original content. It's currently
             | the most-upvoted comment, and is materially incorrect.
        
               | tiffanyh wrote:
               | I'm unable to edit.
               | 
               | I did though indicate "please correct me if I'm wrong",
               | in my original post.
               | 
               | Which led to this discussion below that I'm sure people
               | then read (like your comment on this sub-post)
        
         | Sayrus wrote:
         | According to EIA[1] and Wiki[2] fossil fuel electricity
         | production has been rather stable or going slightly down on the
         | last three years. However, US electricity is a small part of
         | the US Energy Consumption. When you take those into account[3],
         | renewables fall from 50% of the energy mix to less than 20%
         | (10% if you don't include nuclear) but overall Fossil fuel
         | usage is stable. The trend is going down if you take a longer
         | time period.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.eia.gov/electricity/Annual/
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_Unit...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec1_3.pdf
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | > overall energy demand in the U.S. continues to grow year over
         | year.
         | 
         | That probably not unique to the US, but I wonder what that
         | energy is used for. Our appliances use less and less
         | electricity, our homes are better insulated, cars are more fuel
         | efficient, so what is using that additional energy?
        
           | inetknght wrote:
           | Those new-fangled AI things use a lot of power.
        
             | floxy wrote:
             | Server farms in general? Up to 46% of Virginia's electric
             | consumption projected to be data centers in 2030:
             | 
             | https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002028905
             | 
             | ...see Table A1 on PDF page 29.
        
           | bornfreddy wrote:
           | Bitcoin? "AI"? If this is just electric energy, EV?
        
           | stevenwoo wrote:
           | It does not attempt to explain it but this lists how much
           | major sectors use: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-
           | of-energy/ This data presentation shows it seems to have
           | broadly plateaued in last few years with some fluctuations
           | that do not indicate an upward trend as of 2023.
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | I don't know but there has been a lot of manufacturing
           | construction after the pandemic. Manufacturing construction
           | has doubled since 2021 to the highest levels since 2005.
           | Presumably these projects consume power for both construction
           | and operation. There's probably also some amount of new
           | industry becoming viable as energy prices fall.
           | 
           | https://home.treasury.gov/news/featured-stories/unpacking-
           | th...
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | Electrification (converting things that ran on fossil fuels
           | to electricity) is a net decrease in energy demand but
           | massive increase in electricity demand if you're looking at
           | electricity specifically. Past few years have also had a ton
           | of growth in data centers and manufacturing investments.
           | According to the EIA, they're projecting a decrease in energy
           | demand over the next few years:
           | https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=65004
        
           | hylaride wrote:
           | Commercial and industrial use, as well as increased AC usage.
           | I'm not sure what percentage of the electric market is now
           | for charging cars, but it's not zero.
           | 
           | You see similar use patterns for water. Per capita water use
           | has gone down in many urban areas, especially places like
           | California over the past few decades. You see hard
           | restrictions on watering lawns, showers, toilet sizes, etc.
           | But agriculture just sucks up the rest.
        
           | tmnvix wrote:
           | > cars are more fuel efficient
           | 
           | This is true when comparing the same class of car to previous
           | models, but is it still true overall when we consider the
           | shift to larger vehicles? The Toyota Camry from _1994_ is
           | still more efficient than the current 2024 top selling Ford
           | F150.
           | 
           | Jevons paradox is worth considering when reading these
           | stories of increased renewable energy generation and falling
           | prices.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | _Texas Attempt to Kickstart New Gas-Fired Power Is Stumbling_ -
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-05/texas-att...
         | | https://archive.today/9jRPq - April 5th, 2025
         | 
         |  _Solar adds more new capacity to the US grid in 2024 than any
         | energy source in 20 years_ -
         | https://electrek.co/2025/03/10/solar-new-capacity-us-grid-20...
         | - March 10th, 2025
         | 
         |  _US is set to shatter grid battery records this year_ -
         | https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/energy-storage/chart-us...
         | - March 7th, 2025
         | 
         |  _Solar, battery storage to lead new U.S. generating capacity
         | additions in 2025_ -
         | https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=64586 -
         | February 24th, 2025
         | 
         | https://www.interconnection.fyi/ (~1TW of solar in US grid
         | interconnect queues)
         | 
         | (it is expected within the next 12 months we arrive at a
         | deployment rate of 1TW/year of global solar PV capacity)
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | I strong suspect that Trump fully intends for tariffs to
           | cripple renewables (they will) and boost oil and gas jobs.
           | The dude is hell bent on returning America to the 1950s.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | Indeed, politicians in the employ of the (traditional)
             | energy sector have gone from mocking renewable projects and
             | decrying them for "requiring subsidies" to demanding their
             | curtailment because they do not.
             | 
             | Alberta's government (whose premier is a former oil&gas
             | industry lobbyist) enacted a "moritorium" on new renewables
             | projects a couple years ago because it had the most active
             | investment in that sector in the country (most sunny days,
             | and very windy). After the moritorium was lifted draconian
             | regulations were placed on potential new sites.
             | 
             | This was done under the cover of "protecting farmland", but
             | this is in a province with a massive abandoned oil well
             | contamination issue, which the private sector got away with
             | and continues to get away with.
             | 
             | And then today/yesterday it came out that the government
             | had hidden the results of public "consultations" on these
             | matters because it was not favourable to them.
             | 
             | The problem with oil&gas is it is prone to the development
             | of parasitical/highway-man type relationships, and all
             | sorts of people get rich quick by inserting themselves in
             | the flow and they will not give up this position without a
             | dirty, dirty fight.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | One of the ironies in the US is that some of the more
               | conservative states with supposedly renewable energy
               | hostile governments are actually deploying more solar
               | than many liberal states. When people want to oppose a
               | solar install for whatever reason they often turn to
               | environmental laws, requiring impact studies or other
               | such red tape, that are much weaker in conservative
               | states. Texas is a champion of renewable installs despite
               | a government that is openly pro-fossil fuel.
        
               | floxy wrote:
               | https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/blue-states-dont-build-red-
               | sta...
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | The US had at least one year of solar PV deployment
             | capacity in reserve before tariffs went into effect, ~50GW.
             | It also has roughly the same amount of domestic
             | manufacturing, but not fully vertically integrated. Gas
             | plants are backordered well into the 2030s and coal plants
             | (which only produced ~15% of electricity in the US in 2024)
             | are teetering near retirement. To push either to failure
             | would not be hard, you'd just have to target (legally,
             | economically) specific parts of the supply chains needed
             | for thermal generation construction (Siemens or GE Vernova)
             | and operations/maintenance.
             | 
             | Tariffs and economic uncertainty are pushing down oil
             | prices. The US O&G industry experiences pain below
             | $70/barrel. It is not having a great time under this admin,
             | as of this comment.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43624269 (citations)
             | 
             |  _' Unstoppable force' of solar power propels world to 40%
             | clean electricity_ -
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43620007 - April 2025
             | 
             |  _Shift to Clean Energy Will Persist under Trump, New
             | Analyses Say_ -
             | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/shift-from-
             | fossil... - April 16th, 2025
             | 
             |  _'Drill Baby Drill' Is Drowning in Oil: Trump 's tariffs
             | are helping to create some of the worst conditions for the
             | industry so far this century._ - https://www.bloomberg.com/
             | opinion/articles/2025-04-15/trump-... |
             | https://archive.today/4Qyno - April 15, 2025
             | 
             |  _Texas Oil Executives Are Frustrated at Trump for Crushing
             | Crude Prices_ -
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-09/texas-
             | wil... | https://archive.today/oHr2w - April 9, 2025
        
       | apercu wrote:
       | I'd like to get solar, but I'm starting with a battery pack and a
       | smaller solar install to cover those things that I would normal
       | use a diesel generator for. It's amazing that the "cleaner"
       | energy deniers won't be able to hold back cheaper energy.
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | Related: 40% of world's electricity is zero emissions:
       | 
       | https://cleantechnica.com/2025/04/19/zero-emissions-electric...
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20250421133427/https://ember-ene...
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/fossil-fuels-generat...
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | I wonder what next month will be. April / May tends to be the
       | months that I generate more electricity with my solar panels than
       | I consume.
       | 
       | Winter: Not a lot of sunlight, and I heat with a heat pump.
       | 
       | Summer: A lot of sunlight, but my AC eats a lot of the power.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | Oh man, didn't the president just re-activate coal mining? What
       | are they going to do with all that coal? Asia might of wanted it
       | before the trade war, but not anymore?
       | 
       | Oh. I guess we can feed it into the AI data center generators.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | Trump can say what he wants, but the market has moved on from
         | coal.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | Except in India and China:
           | https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/fossil-
           | fuels/chin...
        
             | porphyra wrote:
             | At least the percentage of renewable energy generation in
             | China is steadily increasing. It has gone from 17% back in
             | 2008 to 32% in 2024. And solar and wind are growing at a
             | rapid pace.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China
        
             | bamboozled wrote:
             | Both countries are smart enough to know that being reliant
             | on foreign oil and coal for _everything_ is stupid, they
             | are moving away to solar and wind, not just for that reason
             | but also because they produce most of the panels already so
             | they supply their own demand then use the extra capacity to
             | profit via exports.
             | 
             | It's done.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | If you go look at the price of some of the mid-high end Chinese
         | panels, you could pay 200% in tariff costs and still be getting
         | a bargain. Check out LONGi for example.
         | 
         | I'll be ordering a bunch of these for a renovation I'm doing
         | this year and I'll be installing quite lot of capacity, it's a
         | no brainier to go solar, especially considering the price of
         | energy now days.
         | 
         | Maybe people doing this will be labeled radical, extremists or
         | activists for installing panels on their roof soon but I don't
         | care, it's my roof.
        
           | ein0p wrote:
           | Note also that tariff is paid on the _import price_, which is
           | a fraction of retail. Many people do not understand this.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | This is why Chinese social media is communicating to
             | consumers to buy direct and cutout the developed world
             | middle man.
             | 
             | https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-
             | features/chines... | https://archive.today/rVvix
             | 
             | https://x.com/abby4thepeople/status/1911238808018014587 |
             | https://archive.today/dwyw7
        
             | bamboozled wrote:
             | That depends on what the retail markup is on any item?
             | 
             | I don't think it really matters because if I buy $2000
             | worth of panels directly, I'm still getting hit with ~ $450
             | of tariffs.
             | 
             | You point out an interesting point here though, this plan
             | will backfire even harder for the USA in my opinion because
             | it sounds like American middlemen are now absolutely
             | screwed. We will all just be buying from China directly and
             | boosting their online retail.
        
       | chickenbig wrote:
       | Last month 18.2% of the US's electricity was generated by nuclear
       | (61.8TWh), according to the media pack "All electricity sources
       | data.csv".
       | 
       | Renewables (110.6 TWh) = Wind (51.6 TWh) + Solar (31.1 TWh) +
       | Hydro (27.9 TWh)
       | 
       | Clean = Nuclear (61.8 TWh) + Renewables (110.6 TWh)
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Amazing what can happen once you shift most of your industrial
       | pollution to China and pretend it's not yours.
        
       | tranchms wrote:
       | And Energy prices are at an all time high-- go figure!
       | 
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CUSR0000SEHF01
        
         | DoctorOW wrote:
         | Correlation is not causation. Energy companies have increased
         | their prices largely to increase profits.
        
         | vikramkr wrote:
         | not sure if you meant to link a different chart - that chart is
         | the electricity component of CPI-U (an inflation measure)
         | meaning it's by definition not inflation adjusted - you'd
         | probably want to find a chart of nominal values for electricity
         | spending and adjust for inflation to see whether or not it's at
         | an all time high. Which, recently it's run ahead of inflation
         | because of the overall surge in demand and investment in
         | upgrading aging infrastructure/adding new capacity, but long
         | term it's pretty flat/down
        
         | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
         | What happened in 2022? Does the graph not account for
         | inflation?
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | that graph is of one of the components that is used to
           | calculate inflation
        
       | foobarbecue wrote:
       | What does "clean" mean here? Wind and solar are 24.4% and
       | "fossil" is 49.2% so what's the remainder? Are they counting
       | natural gas as "clean"? It's not...
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | They're not counting natural gas, and I imagine they also don't
         | include "clean coal". The remaining 26.4 is probably a mix of
         | nuclear and hydro. Which lines up with historical US generation
         | percentages.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Nobody includes "clean coal" because it is a myth the fossil
           | fuel industry made up to try to keep their business alive and
           | to give politicians cover.
           | 
           | There are around three tiny "clean coal" plants in the world,
           | all together producing only a tiny fraction of a percent of
           | the energy on the grid.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Fully agreed on all points!
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | Natural gas is considered a fossil fuel, per Wikipedia. Unless
         | you mean biofuels like methane, at least - but as far as I
         | know, those are scarcely used anywhere on a large scale,
         | certainly not the US.
         | 
         | "Clean" sources are generally anything that isn't burning
         | hydrocarbons. This includes nuclear, hydro and geothermal.
         | 
         | Edit: See also a previous comment
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43755528
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Hydro is a big slice out west and they've likely included
         | nuclear.
        
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