[HN Gopher] Peru's ancient irrigation systems turned deserts int...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Peru's ancient irrigation systems turned deserts into farms because
       of culture
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 140 points
       Date   : 2025-04-17 02:31 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theconversation.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theconversation.com)
        
       | antics9 wrote:
       | And no mention in the article of the ways of culture that managed
       | the systems.
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | There was a lot of insistence that the indigenous method was
         | better, but no actual evidence that it was, nor even arguments
         | as to why it would be (besides some vague allusions to it being
         | "more flexible").
         | 
         | A lot of these noble savage narratives emerge from Latin
         | American studies (history, archaeology, literature, etc.),
         | particularly among Mexican and American-educated academics.
         | There is truth to the idea that the complexity of indigenous
         | systems is unappreciated by the general public, but there's
         | always this underlying fetishization of a pseudo-magical
         | indigenous "way of knowing" contrasted with the (historically
         | far-better performing) European scientific method. Indigenous
         | cultures are redeemed from European military conquests by
         | insisting that the European way of knowing is myopic and
         | selfish (being focused on profit over sustainability, the
         | individual over the community, etc.) in contrast to the
         | indigenous way of knowing, which is holistic and communitarian.
         | 
         | The author does have publications related to these irrigation
         | systems, though, so maybe she has a valid point to make and the
         | article just didn't land for me.
        
           | syspec wrote:
           | Very well stated.
           | 
           | It's really weird to come across such articles, because they
           | always add this mystic to these cultures that actually ends
           | up coming across as the generic "in touch with nature" noble
           | savage archetype
        
             | mstipetic wrote:
             | I mean, weren't they? My kids can name more superheroes and
             | Pokemon than animals and plants. My neighbors don't notice
             | when it doesn't rain in March and April (when there should
             | be 22 rainy days) and get annoyed when it does because it
             | ruins the nice weather.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | The Spanish colonists would have no problems with those
               | things though, they just were out of their element there
               | but people were in touch with nature almost everywhere
               | until very recently.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | Why would your neighbors worry about rain, unless they
               | are farmers or otherwise directly impacted?
               | 
               | We've generally abandoned "being in touch with nature"
               | for focusing on specific niches, and it's so incredibly
               | more efficient that you can have large groups of people
               | who focus on systems based on purely made up things, like
               | sports.
               | 
               | If they both needed the probability of rain three days
               | from now, who do you think would fare better, the
               | ancients with their ancient wisdom, or your neighbors
               | with modern sensors and meteorological models?
        
               | reycharles wrote:
               | I would say they would worry if they were even remotely
               | in touch with nature.
        
               | jorgen123 wrote:
               | You may be thinking about a short term need only. Longer
               | term (annual and more) if you are in a state that is
               | susceptible to drought and wildfires, you would worry
               | about the lack of rain during a period when it is
               | supposed to rain. The rain fills aquifers and increases
               | soil moisture content which carry you through the dry
               | season.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | In general, yes. But most advanced societies delegate
               | these topics because it's very inefficient if you and
               | everyone else studies wild fires, rain patterns, deer
               | impact on soil compression and what not -- it'll be much
               | more efficient if a few study it deeply and then present
               | the results and concrete actions.
               | 
               | Division of labor goes for division of scientific labor,
               | too.
               | 
               | Granted, there seems to be an increasing trust issue in
               | taking those results as true, but that's a separate
               | issue.
        
               | mstipetic wrote:
               | Oooh yes let's be efficient. Only thing that's important.
               | No curiosity, sense of awe or belonging to something
               | greater. Let's do away with art unless it's funded by
               | Netflix and has a direct effect on subscription numbers.
               | We could and should have both.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | > We could and should have both.
               | 
               | Sure, but one is much more important than the other. You
               | can commit 50% of your resources as a society towards art
               | and religion and the other half to science and
               | production, and your standard of living will be much
               | lower than if you committed 10% towards art and religion.
        
               | mstipetic wrote:
               | Define standard of living
        
               | typewithrhythm wrote:
               | The disconnect between observation and understanding is
               | the whole point; without western ideas like trends,
               | records, and measurement, you can have no better
               | understanding than, "sometimes wet, sometimes not".
               | 
               | The only part in tune with nature is that in bad periods
               | the population dies back.
        
             | bobmcnamara wrote:
             | It fits today's narrative better.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | If you study this stuff in the americas it's depressing as
           | the Spanish in particular slaughtered people and culture so
           | completely and unimpeded for so long. The evil and barbarism
           | of this colonial episode is difficult to fathom. The 20th
           | century horror show of slaughter ran in relatively short
           | episodes... this imperial era ran for hundreds of years.
           | 
           | Because you're left with archeological evidence, whose
           | interpretation is always very conservative, and limited oral
           | tradition, it's easy to veer into legend, because honestly
           | that's that who have to work with.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | The Spanish, the Portuguese, and most importantly, diseases
             | that killed massive proportions of the population.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Diseases imo are empathized because they contribute to
               | the body count and have an "act of god" nature to them.
               | It's an easier story than to describe a type of
               | industrial genocide.
               | 
               | Read about the Mit'a system that was perverted by the
               | colonial government to essentially improve the return on
               | assets of the colony versus slaves or other means of
               | cheap labor. It broke down the society of the native
               | population completely and made it impossible for them to
               | respond or react to disasters.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | The disease aspects are inseparable from colonialism.
               | Here's a quote from a recent survey on the matter [0]
               | that describes the current understanding much better than
               | I would:                   The contours of Indigenous
               | depopulation were shaped not only by disease but also by
               | complex colonial factors including violence, forced
               | labor, exorbitant taxation, malnutrition, and
               | dislocation. Archaeology has shown that Native
               | populations were not destined to be decimated but were
               | made vulnerable through the policies, choices, and
               | behaviors of colonists.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9
               | 7804292...
        
             | ashoeafoot wrote:
             | but then why romanticise what was destroyed ? Why not go at
             | the world with a realistic view, which is that the "new
             | world" was exactly the same as the old with dominant
             | landempires holding colonies and tributories, aristocrats
             | holding slaves, that where the landbound spaniards to their
             | neighbors. Just because they have been genocided into a
             | blank slate and you rightfully despise the acts of the
             | genociders, does not mean you get to paint a utopia on the
             | disfigured corpse. The hideaways of chaco canyon speak of
             | slavers expeditions.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | As bad as the Spaniards were, the Aztec's neighbors
               | despised the Aztecs and their brutality so much that they
               | willingly and gladly allied with the first viable
               | challenger to their rule.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | I didn't. Why do you feel compelled to engage in "both
               | sides" fallacy?
               | 
               | The Spanish Empire killed about 55M people or 90% of the
               | indigenous population in a hundred years. That's a scale
               | of slaughter and suffering unprecedented even by the
               | murderous ways of modern society, greater than even the
               | Roman slaughter in Gaul.
               | 
               | Why is it so difficult for you to imagine that perhaps
               | some of those 50 million people perhaps knew something?
               | We'll never know for sure, as everyone was killed and
               | most aspects of their societies were destroyed.
        
           | dopidopHN wrote:
           | I see your point and I agree. Grabber "the dawn of
           | everything" comes to mind on that "noble savage" phenomenon
           | 
           | That being said : there is something to be said about the
           | Spanish cargo culting those canals in that specific plain...
           | and failing to maintain it.
           | 
           | While we know it was fertile for generation before.
           | 
           | The article hint at private ownership being a factor? I could
           | see that.
           | 
           | But 100% agree : I spend the article asking "ok, what is the
           | culture then"
           | 
           | But it looks like it happen: irrigation work Spanish take
           | over irrigation it stop working
           | 
           | I suspect sabotage was a bit factor, too.
        
           | elif wrote:
           | Can you point to an engineering feat in modern times which is
           | still functional after hundreds of years of neglect?
           | 
           | Even if academia is swinging to a "too respectful" position
           | (which I would dispute), the lack of respect in your position
           | is certain.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | > the lack of respect in your position is certain.
             | 
             | Pointing out there are other possibilities isn't a lack of
             | respect. If you believe A or B could have happened, you see
             | someone say B happened, it is fair to say that A might have
             | happened as well, that doesn't mean you believe B couldn't
             | have happened.
        
             | handwarmers wrote:
             | perhaps "modern times" are modern because they adapt to the
             | times, innovate, and replace what is old with what is new
             | in pursuit of improvement.
        
             | scythe wrote:
             | You might look no further than Spain. There are dams built
             | by the Romans which are still operating.
             | 
             | Of course nothing that's literally from the modern period
             | is centuries old, but that's a tautology!
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | > Can you point to an engineering feat in modern times
             | which is still functional after hundreds of years of
             | neglect?
             | 
             | Why would anyone build something only to neglect it? If one
             | of the requirements was "it shall work for 500 years and
             | never be maintained", then I'm sure you could get plenty of
             | things designed and built for that requirement. It's just
             | that it's a lot more expensive and not particularly useful,
             | so nobody bothers.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | > Can you point to an engineering feat in modern times
             | which is still functional after hundreds of years of
             | neglect?
             | 
             | Off the top of my head:
             | 
             | 1. Various aqueduct systems constructed by the Roman Empire
             | are still in use today.
             | 
             | 2. Persian qalats.
             | 
             | 3. The Grand Canal in China.
             | 
             | 4. Roman Roads
             | 
             | 5. Hawaiian aquaculture systems
             | 
             | 6. Aboriginal Australian fish traps
             | 
             | Monumental architecture (e.g. the Pyramids) would make the
             | list substantially longer.
             | 
             | > Even if academia is swinging to a "too respectful"
             | position
             | 
             | The issue isn't that they are attributing accomplishments
             | to these civilizations, but instead that they are
             | attributing these accomplishments to a way of knowing that
             | is purportedly superior to that of the Europeans, which is
             | just farcical when you consider that every modern
             | technology has either been invented or scaled based on
             | European models of thinking (e.g. the scientific method,
             | mass production, free market capitalism, etc.)
             | 
             | Like I said, this is mostly just a product of Mexican and
             | American humanities departments being populated by people
             | with an axe to grind; there aren't any STEM graduates in
             | South America concerned with the mystical knowledge that
             | their ancestors are purported to have possessed.
        
               | AStonesThrow wrote:
               | I am not sure of their operational status today, but in
               | Medieval Western Europe, it was Carmelite communities who
               | built aqueducts; even as they struggled to reform
               | themselves during the Counterreformation, religious
               | communities were undertaking large-scale engineering
               | projects, because they controlled enough labor workforce,
               | as well as technology and supply chains, to make that
               | happen.
               | 
               | I would be unsurprised if the Carmelite Orders likewise
               | invested significant maintenance in the old Roman
               | construction, and learned from it as well.
        
             | typewithrhythm wrote:
             | It seems like that's an impossibility, since you would need
             | to find something in the current era that has been
             | abandoned, rather than decommissioned...
             | 
             | There are a few examples that might fit, some earthworks,
             | (tunnels, breakwaters, dams) and navigation markers come to
             | mind (costal, but we also put retro reflectors on the
             | moon).
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Yeah, I was thinking about Vauban's fortifications, but
               | if any of those had been abandoned, it's specifically
               | because they would have been mostly useless after WW1 (=
               | non-functional).
               | 
               | Hmm, any Vauban-like fortifications in Ukraine that would
               | have suddenly found a new use since 2014 ?
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Modern is tough because it isn't hundreds of years ago.
             | 
             | Around me, The High Bridge between Bronx and Manhattan was
             | built pre Civil War and abandoned for decades and still
             | standing (and now is use again). The Hell Gate Bridge was
             | built by the NY Central Railroad and will probably outlast
             | the US.
             | 
             | Lots of 19th century infrastructure will be around for
             | centuries, if you look at the the path of the Erie and
             | Lackawanna railroad routes, many bridges and other
             | infrastructure will be standing hundreds of years from now.
             | Lots of interstate infrastructure will function for
             | hundreds of years in rural areas with low traffic, well
             | beyond their engineered lifespan.
             | 
             | Stone is the most durable material and structures are
             | overbuilt. Steel is much cheaper but requires maintenance.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | > in modern times
             | 
             | > hundreds of years of neglect
             | 
             | Hundreds of years, whether of neglect or not, means that it
             | wasn't "in modern times". And, in modern times, hundreds of
             | years of neglect is hard to come by. Either it's
             | maintained, or it's torn down, because we haven't had
             | civilization-ending catastrophies in modern times. So I
             | would not expect to be able to show you many examples,
             | because the pool of candidates is so small.
        
           | notarobot123 wrote:
           | The claim actually made was that culture, not just
           | technology, is what made these irrigation systems successful.
           | It's an interesting insight.
           | 
           | Perhaps we _can_ learn lessons from ancient cultures about
           | how we might be able to efficiently manage our resources and
           | achieve more with what is available. Is that so far fetched
           | an idea?
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | I understand what you're saying. I'm not sure that the
             | distinction is all that important, however. Culture is just
             | a form of technology.
             | 
             | > Perhaps we can learn lessons from ancient cultures about
             | how we might be able to efficiently manage our resources
             | and achieve more with what is available. Is that so far
             | fetched an idea?
             | 
             | I don't mean to imply that European models get everything
             | right, but I think it would be far-fetched to bet against
             | these models; historically, they've worked, and they've
             | worked far better than any other model. The author does
             | have a paper she linked to (which I missed on my first
             | reading), so she might have a more compelling case to make
             | than I originally assumed.
        
               | suavesito wrote:
               | I would say it reversed. Technology is _just one_ form of
               | culture.
        
           | pxmpxm wrote:
           | I imagine this is just a symptom of infallible
           | argument/humanities departments rewarding group think
           | narratives (colonialism = definionally ultimate evil) with
           | grant money. Doesn't take long for academics to understand
           | the game.
           | 
           | Same thing with climate change, i've come across a pile of
           | random definitely-not-climate-science papers (macre econ
           | development divergence in hipanola, property rights in
           | subsaharan africa, unrelated culutral anthropoly etc) that
           | allude to climate change as the key driver for the phenomenon
           | observed. Clearly NSF and NIH wanted a very certain set of
           | content published.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | > Same thing with climate change, i've come across a pile
             | of random definitely-not-climate-science papers
             | 
             | The author describes herself in these terms:
             | 
             | > While I'm an archaeologist, I consider my research to be
             | directed at the modern-day climate crisis. I investigate
             | how resilient farming systems emerge and adapt to climate
             | change and natural disasters. My fieldwork takes place on
             | the north coast of Peru, where I study ancient irrigation
             | in arid farming zones.
             | 
             | She doesn't have any other social media profile so I don't
             | want to be overly cynical about her motives. Anyway, I
             | think the climate angle is potentially huge in a lot of
             | these fields.
             | 
             | There has been a trend in academia in the last few decades
             | to focus on holistic analysis. This has led to a lot of
             | academics trying to tie their research to disparate issues
             | for both grant money and social status, but I also suspect
             | that a lot of it is born of a genuine to come up with a
             | grand unified theory of all the world's problems. You see
             | it with figures like Aldous Huxley around the mid-20th
             | century (Huxley's conclusion in his final novel, Island, is
             | that "Nothing short of everything will do,"). The new wave
             | that seems to have started in the 2010s has taken on a
             | considerably more political bent ("Everything is
             | political," "Climate change is a product of white
             | supremacy," intersectional feminism, etc.).
             | 
             | These theories aren't necessarily "wrong," but the
             | scholarship they produce is so bad that they are hard to
             | take seriously.
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | _Episteme_ vs _metis_ ?
           | 
           | https://samzdat.com/2017/05/22/man-as-a-rationalist-animal/
           | 
           | (The free market does sound closer to _metis_... but is also
           | EXTREMELY focused on the short term, see : negative
           | externalities. )
        
           | suavesito wrote:
           | I think that most people that are "scientific" are unable
           | (because of our education) to _try_ to think about the
           | validity of this way of _understanding_.
           | 
           | I like to think that societies in Latin America (and,
           | importantly, all around the world) survived thousands of
           | years not because of luck, but because the cultures
           | (language, traditions) they developed had ingrained the
           | "scientific knowledge" necessary to survive in the conditions
           | that lived in. An important part of it was that they did not
           | see only as rulers and owners of the world, but only as one
           | part of it. That is one of the basis of what people call
           | magical thinking, but it is sound once you stop disqualifying
           | it just because the word "magical" is in it.
           | 
           | And, I mean, literally, only those who could adapt and
           | understand their world to survive, survived. The knowledge
           | maybe was not as fast evolving as the scientific methods
           | allows to be, but it is, ultimately, the same method. Try,
           | fail, and repeat. Those who were successful survived.
           | 
           | The knowledge ingrained in the culture, traditions and
           | understanding accompanying it was, and _is_, a fundamental
           | part of the solutions that allowed them not to only survive,
           | but to thrive in their environments.
           | 
           | The first comment in this post says that you do not need the
           | culture to carry out the solutions. That may be true, but it
           | does miss that our culture is the strongest (after "basic
           | necessities") incentives we have to choose some things over
           | others. Or understanding of the world is our culture, and our
           | understanding of the world is what makes us take some actions
           | instead of others. You might be able to mimic technical
           | solutions, but to fully understand them, you need the culture
           | that developed them, as it is _literally_ the understanding
           | of the world that allowed the solutions to exist.
        
         | notarobot123 wrote:
         | > The Moche and Chimu canal was tied to a complex labor system
         | that synchronized cleaning and maintenance and prioritized the
         | efficient use of water.
         | 
         | There's also a link which points to more details but it doesn't
         | look to be accessible:
         | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity/a...
        
           | like_any_other wrote:
           | That single sentence, which is the totality of the
           | description given in the long and winding article, doesn't
           | actually explain anything - the efficient use of water is the
           | obvious goal of any irrigation system, especially in a
           | desert. But _how_ did it efficiently use water? The only hint
           | of information is  "synchronized cleaning and maintenance",
           | and not a word on synchronized how or with what, or why this
           | should help.
           | 
           | It's like describing how a car works with just "it is
           | efficiently designed to help you travel faster, and uses
           | skilled maintenance workers".
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | I know nothing about the subject, but it only took me a few
             | minutes to follow references to find what looks like it
             | might be the answer that you are looking for ?
             | 
             | https://www.proquest.com/ openview/768dad5fa2923211ed1128cf
             | a33d5a29/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar
             | 
             | (It does sound like a great idea for a layman-focused
             | documentary, and I would be surprised if none exist yet.)
        
               | like_any_other wrote:
               | Oh sure - but given that that is what the article is
               | purportedly about, it would be nice if it had been
               | included in the text itself.
        
       | elif wrote:
       | The inca aqueduct network is seriously impressive even in the
       | current age. Some of it almost a thousand years old and still
       | transporting spring water miles with no pumps, without a
       | civilization to maintain it.
        
         | Rover222 wrote:
         | How doesn't it just immediately become overgrown with
         | vegetation?
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | By having constant flow like a river, they didn't go on and
           | off like modern pipes.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Meanwhile the average lifetime of modern infrastructure is
         | what, 50 years ?
        
           | _aavaa_ wrote:
           | Part of the shorter lifespan is that our cities grow much
           | faster. Why build infrastructure that last 200 years if it
           | needs to be ripped up in 50 due to no longer meeting
           | population demands?
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | When they transported 100% of the output of a spring
             | there's no need to update the infrared as a city grows
             | there was no way to go past 100%. Dams have the same kind
             | of limits and are regularly designed for 150+ year
             | lifetimes. The Hoover Dam is just about to turn 90 and it's
             | likely to last another 100 years.
             | 
             | Quite a lot of the built environment is designed for 100+
             | year lifespans. When it isn't there's often very good
             | reasons. It's kind of amazing we get road bridges to last
             | as long as they do when you consider the physical and
             | chemical assault they're constantly under all while trying
             | to minimize weight and cost.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | This is true. I was thinking of things like roads, water
               | mains, sewer pipes, and even homes.
               | 
               | Yeah a house that lasts 200 years sounds good in
               | principle, until you think about the kind of material and
               | energy efficiency advances we've had in just the last 25.
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | Modern concrete could last as long ad Roman concrete, if not
           | for the fact that we use rebar which inevitability corrodes
           | and is the limiting factor in how long those structures can
           | last. But that same rebar allows us to create structures that
           | the Romans never could have. Concrete structures with huge
           | spans and thin walls.
           | 
           | It's not that we don't know how to build things which last
           | long. Rather, we choose not to because building that way has
           | tradeoffs we usually don't want to make. This is also the
           | reason we make things out of concrete and rarely out of
           | meticulously stacked rocks.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Some of the water mains that bring water to New York City,
           | from Upstate, are probably 200 years old.
           | 
           | Many of them are made from wood.
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | IDK if it was inka but I was in a town called Ollataytombo or
         | something like that for a week and they had this adorable
         | little aqueduct that ran straight through town and people
         | washed their clothes and whatnot in it. Loved how a lot of
         | those mountain towns had them.
        
           | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
           | Ollantaytambo. A beautiful ancient town
        
           | stormfather wrote:
           | Yeah Ollantaytambo was Inca. They say it was constructed as a
           | vacation estate for Pachacutec (?) after he conquered the
           | Sacred Valley.
        
         | dev1ycan wrote:
         | If there was a genius ruler, it was Pachacuti, seriously, dude
         | was the Caesar of South America, extremely underrated in how he
         | managed the Incan Empire and all of the infrastructure that was
         | built in his reign.
         | 
         | He also directed the creation of the road system in the
         | empire... it would have been interesting to see how he instead
         | of his descendants would have dealt with the Spanish had they
         | arrived when he was alive, I think that the outcome might have
         | been different, at least for the initial wave of Spanish
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | >While they may be identical in form, a Spanish canal isn't a
       | Moche canal.
       | 
       | >Spanish canals operated in a temperate climate and were managed
       | by individual farmers who could maintain or increase their water
       | flow. The Moche and Chimu canal was tied to a complex labor
       | system that synchronized cleaning and maintenance and prioritized
       | the efficient use of water. What's more, Moche canals functioned
       | in tandem with floodwater diversion canals, which activated
       | during El Nino events to create niches of agricultural
       | productivity amid disasters.
       | 
       | The second paragraph belies the previous: Spanish canals
       | obviously were not "identical in form" when you can point out so
       | many differences.
       | 
       | But it would also be pretty unreasonable to equate the early
       | Spanish colonists, who were a few pirates and scoundrels that
       | used iron and horses to conquer and control an empire where they
       | were outnumbered by a thousand to one, to the modern Peruvians.
       | Many lessons have been learned since then and modern Peru's
       | political problems pale in comparison to the brutality of the
       | sixteenth century.
       | 
       | The more likely reason that the situation is different today is
       | just that Peru's population density (34 million in the country)
       | and agricultural production vastly exceeds anything that existed
       | under the Inca (maximum about 12 million across an empire that
       | included parts of modern Ecuador and Bolivia). The Peruvians
       | themselves are no stranger to attempting to copy the pre-colonial
       | infrastructure practices, with mixed results. Of course if you
       | grow less, you can better avoid running out of water. But this is
       | no solace.
        
       | 627467 wrote:
       | > Ancient beliefs, behaviors and norms - what archaeologists call
       | culture - were fundamentally integrated into technological
       | solutions in this part of Peru in ancient times. Isolating and
       | removing the tools from that knowledge made them less effective.
       | 
       | Ancient beliefs, behaviors and norms may have helped indigenous
       | people perpetuate the solutions/technologies. Studying and
       | understanding those may help people - today - to more quickly
       | understand those solutions. But it's not like a thorough
       | understand ing and application of these technologies - today -
       | require us to "maintain technology and culture coupling" as this
       | _archeologist professor_ implies.
       | 
       | The Spanish may have made wrong assumptions at first and failed
       | to replicate the solution, but if we still see it being used
       | today, that's because the colonist eventually learned - without
       | perpetuating the culture (not to the same extend as the
       | indigenous)
        
         | mock-possum wrote:
         | Exactly - just because they used culture, or religion, to
         | underpin that stuff - doesn't mean we need to. Doesn't mean we
         | need to use the same culture, or even the same religion, for
         | that matter. "This is what works, and this is why it works, and
         | this is the benefit, and this is why it's worthwhile" can be
         | enough, with a minimum of pretense.
        
           | hosh wrote:
           | Permaculture design was developed out of systematically
           | studying indigenous methods from around the world, and one of
           | the insights is that how humans inhabit the land -- the
           | culture -- matters a lot. If something is not aligned to
           | human interests and norms, they won't do it.
           | 
           | It goes with what Christopher Alexander understood about
           | living architecture. How people use it matters. The whole
           | point of pattern languages was the creation of a grammar
           | where all possible ways in which patterns come together
           | develop a valid, architecturally cohesive design. This allows
           | the inhabitants themselves to make changes as their life and
           | circumstances change, and as long as they follow the grammar,
           | it will come out as a cohesive, functional design. Alexander
           | also systematically studied indigenous architecture and went
           | in with a background in mathematics. There is a reason his
           | work influenced people working with software architecture and
           | human-computing interactive design (but our computer systems
           | and products does not realize the full potential of
           | Alexander's ideas).
           | 
           | There is a kind of bias at play, where we think the culture
           | itself is rigid, and becomes out of date, and therefore,
           | impedes progress. It does not have to be that way, and often
           | time, the culture itself encodes ideas that are crucial.
           | Furthermore, cultural practices can be understood or designed
           | such that it is flexible and versatile -- similar to Peru's
           | pre-Hispanic system of canals. If anything, it's the bias of
           | our modern worldview that tries to fix culture into the rigid
           | structures just as it tries to create rigid solutions.
           | 
           | For a deeper reading on why that might be, I suggest:
           | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2010/07/26/a-big-little-idea-
           | call...
        
             | 627467 wrote:
             | > if something is not aligned to human interests and norms,
             | they won't do it.
             | 
             | I won't litigate strongly against this statement because
             | its obvious this matters, but human interests and norms are
             | not immutable and the mechanism to change it definitely
             | involve doing things (at some scale) that can be seen as
             | abnormal or against (some) human interests. This tension
             | and how it's resolved is the evolutionary pressure.
             | 
             | > where we think the culture itself is rigid
             | 
             | Well, the article cites the example of the Spanish failing
             | for decades to irrigate the land because they dismissed the
             | existing culture. Seems like the author has a rigid view of
             | culture, because it seems clear to me that the syncretic
             | culture post-conquest (Spanish ruled) was one radically
             | different to indigenous or european ones.
        
           | GauntletWizard wrote:
           | I've been saying for a while that "Religion is a social
           | technology". Thou Shalt Not Kill is not as universal a moral
           | as you'd like to believe, and the other commandments are also
           | good life advice. Even "Thou shalt have no other gods before
           | me" serves an important purpose in keeping everyone on the
           | same page.
           | 
           | Nearly every culture has a tradition of parables; Tales that
           | reveal important truths by metaphor. Whether they be about
           | how to interact with others, how to motivate and treat
           | yourself, or of outside dangers.
           | 
           | Religion serves an important teaching purpose. Most have
           | converged a lot; There's a lot of truths that are universal.
           | Still, they're not all created equal. You probably shouldn't
           | hate someone just because of their religion... Unless they're
           | part of a death cult.
        
           | MrsPeaches wrote:
           | We use culture now.
           | 
           | "Culture is just the way things are done around here"
           | 
           | Peer review is culture. Work place legislation is culture.
           | 
           | The article argues that trying to extract technology and
           | reapply it, without the culture, is a fools errand.
           | 
           | It's trivially true: you can't just teach some people to code
           | and expect them release an app that can scale to millions of
           | users. It requires culture to function and deliver.
           | 
           | We need to understand the culture required to deliver the
           | technology, not just the technology itself.
           | 
           | I for one would be very interested to hear about how
           | different types of labour organisation were required to
           | deliver their water.
        
         | Calwestjobs wrote:
         | problem of today is not having enough knowledge, books, ... for
         | storing that stuff or for generating more appropriate stuff to
         | work with modern knowledge they did not had, but problem is not
         | having workforce big enough to do this stuff AND live in
         | current economic system on top of physical/planetwide system.
         | 
         | there is just too may people and only two things can solve that
         | problem - A) what stalin, hitler, did [ graph in GIF
         | https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/20TH_C_MORTACRACIES.GIF ] B)
         | culture of not having 4 children and having need to live energy
         | expensive life.
         | 
         | after hitler in west, reforms were made. after lenin in east,
         | stalinist came.
         | 
         | so without having everybody on board choosing B)... what is the
         | answer? and you can not be peruan-style farmer when you have
         | terrorists pumping oil from ground , building tanks, drones,
         | paying people to burn buildings, cars, writing nonsense "red-
         | pilling" people ...
         | 
         | USA was lucky not having wars, and not having war in USA was
         | 99.999% because of geography - no land bridge. and 0.001% of
         | "tyrrany" of state not allowing mass murder in rest of the
         | world (yes redpill-ing oil here). but culture is changing,
         | state no longer cares about that 0.001% (or atleast seem so ).
         | 
         | we do not care about transporting muck into our fields so we do
         | not need to manufacture fertilizers. so yeah culture is not
         | important but it is. he means culture as a "we do care about
         | sitting next to your field and thinking about it [but that
         | means not spending time programming healthcare system systems]
         | and we do care about earth" [even without hippie drugs]
        
       | fasteddie31003 wrote:
       | I think a lot of differences between populations can be explained
       | by differences in culture values. I don't see too much research
       | on this ever.
        
       | arthurofbabylon wrote:
       | A language is a map to reality, a survival strategy in a changing
       | world. More languages equals more chances of surviving (and
       | thriving!).
       | 
       | The depth of intelligence in a human language developed and
       | tested over millennia is truly incredible, more than I believe
       | most of us can appreciate. In a language there exist
       | tactics/knowledge lying dormant waiting for the right
       | circumstances for application. Human languages are not developed
       | in a world favoring local maxima, but in a chaotic world favoring
       | true robustness and antifragility. We would be fools to surrender
       | a time-tested model of nature, to allow languages to die.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> Ancient beliefs, behaviors and norms - what archaeologists
       | call culture_
       | 
       | I've always referred to that as "Social Infrastructure."[0]
       | 
       | [0] https://littlegreenviper.com/infrastructure/#social_inf
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-04-19 23:01 UTC)