[HN Gopher] Judge Rules Blanket Search of Cell Tower Data Uncons...
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       Judge Rules Blanket Search of Cell Tower Data Unconstitutional
        
       Author : bradac56
       Score  : 252 points
       Date   : 2025-04-18 18:16 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.404media.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.404media.co)
        
       | hiatus wrote:
       | > U.S. District Juste Miranda M. Du rejected this argument, but
       | wouldn't suppress the evidence. "The Court finds that a tower
       | dump is a search and the warrant law enforcement used to get it
       | is a general warrant forbidden under the Fourth Amendment," she
       | said in a ruling filed on April 11. "That said, because the Court
       | appears to be the first court within the Ninth Circuit to reach
       | this conclusion and the good faith exception otherwise applies,
       | the Court will not order any evidence suppressed."
       | 
       | It continues to amaze me that police are the only group who can
       | use the defense of ignorance of the law.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | Not only that, when they lie in conversations/interrogations,
         | they can lie about _what the law is_ , as well as what official
         | acts can/will undertake.
         | 
         | To me there is a fundamental difference between lies like:
         | 
         | 1. "Your buddy in the next room already ratted you out."
         | 
         | 2. "Sign this admission and you'll only get 6 months, tops. If
         | you don't, we can seize your house and your mother will be
         | living on the streets. "
        
           | nemomarx wrote:
           | I get your point but actually why can they lie and claim your
           | buddy ratted you out?
        
             | p_ing wrote:
             | Tax payers don't care enough to force the congress critters
             | to change the laws in <your home state>.
             | 
             | Instead, you get human beings who are shielded by a thin
             | piece of paper who can summarily execute you, then say
             | "whoops, my bad".
             | 
             | Police are nothing more than State-sponsored gang members.
        
               | pstuart wrote:
               | Many of those tax payers are fine with them being gang
               | members, but only against "others" -- that's a feature,
               | not a bug.
        
             | Zak wrote:
             | The assumption, as I understand it is that a guilty person
             | is more likely to confess if they believe the evidence
             | against them is strong, but an innocent person will not
             | believe the lie because they know they didn't commit the
             | crime and generate the purported evidence.
             | 
             | I fear like many other old assumptions about criminal
             | justice that isn't a close match to reality.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | I imagine a lot of it is tradition, AFAICT it was never
             | really banned in the US (or Britain), although in the US it
             | was codified in 1969. [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frazier_v._Cupp
        
           | plsbenice34 wrote:
           | I dont see the difference, both should be illegal
        
           | LinuxBender wrote:
           | Never talk to the police. Let your lawyers do the talking.
        
             | santoshalper wrote:
             | Because someone, somewhere needs to see this today
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-7o9xYp7eE
        
             | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
             | To add to this: it is the police's job to _positively_
             | identify those who commit crimes. If they are questioning
             | you, it is because 1) they are investigating a crime and
             | you are a suspect (maybe not the prime suspect but _a_
             | suspect) and 2) they do not have evidence that reasonably
             | proves that you committed whatever crime (or lack thereof)
             | they are investigating. (Simple game theory for 2: if they
             | had the evidence, they 'd use it to obtain an arrest
             | warrant and then prosecute the case; no need for more
             | investigation.)
             | 
             | This isn't good advice only for people who have possibly
             | committed a crime but also (and especially) for those who
             | are confident that they have not. The police are asking you
             | questions to "get to the bottom of it" and they encounter
             | people every day who do think they can lie to get out of a
             | crime; they think you might try to lie to get out of a
             | crime. They won't trust your words but they will _verify_
             | your words. If your words turn out to be false, then they
             | 'll tell the judge/jury that you lied to them, not that you
             | were mistaken; in the absence of stronger evidence (against
             | someone else) they might claim you were possibly even
             | intending to direct their investigation toward a red
             | herring with your falsehoods.
             | 
             | The only revision to this advice I've heard in the past
             | decade-and-a-bit: tell the police your real first and last
             | name if they ask. It's not always a requirement but some
             | states have "stop and ID" laws, which means you have to
             | identify yourself to law enforcement during a "lawful
             | detention" (other states instead require it after an
             | arrest).
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > The police are asking you questions to "get to the
               | bottom of it" and they encounter people every day who do
               | think they can lie to get out of a crime;
               | 
               | I don't even think they are all that interested in
               | getting to the truth of the matter, they are mostly
               | concerned with getting an arrest and conviction. If it'll
               | be easier to throw you behind bars than to find and
               | arrest the dangerous person who actually committed the
               | crime they aren't all going to choose more work and risk
               | "officer safety" when they can just take you and call it
               | a day. Especially not if they're already prejudiced
               | against you or you bruised their fragile ego somehow.
        
               | EFreethought wrote:
               | I wonder how much of the state of affairs is due to the
               | "enshitification" of law enforcement. I think a lot of
               | towns/cities require officers to give out a minimum
               | number of citations/tickets per month.
               | 
               | If you are told to care about a number, you will care
               | about a number.
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | Those numbers influence promotions/raises. It is probable
               | that higher-paid cops commit more civil rights violations
               | than lower-paid by virtue of them being more likely by
               | comparison to have undue arrests and convictions on their
               | record (and ~equally likely to encounter actual criminal
               | behavior).
        
               | testing22321 wrote:
               | This x 1000.
               | 
               | A friend was a career LAPD detective, and he gave me the
               | talk. He said because I'm a nice guy I might try to help
               | the police by explaining what I saw in detail. He was
               | adamant that I never ever do that, because in the absence
               | of someone to pin it on, they would find a way to pin it
               | on me. He saw it as literally their job.
               | 
               | No matter what, even if you are just standing there when
               | something happens, don't talk to the police.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | I've told this story on here before. When I was 16 or 17,
               | the place I was working got robbed. The guy just opened
               | the register while I was fixing part of the greenhouse
               | building.
               | 
               | The police showed up and took my statement, in which I
               | said I didn't hear a car, so I assume he just ran off.
               | 
               | They took me in about two weeks later for an official
               | statement. Then told me I had to take a polygraph because
               | my stories didn't match. The story didn't change. The
               | officer at the scene wrote that I said I saw the guy run
               | off.
               | 
               | I was shitting bricks. A cop friend of my parents told me
               | that this was common. They didn't have a suspect, I was a
               | young kid, so they were just trying to get me to admit to
               | it. He said they would tell me I failed the polygraph
               | test and to just come clean.
               | 
               | That's what they did. They tried to pin it on me, but I
               | legit didn't do it, so I would never confess. Even after
               | they tried the 'you'll only get probation of you confess
               | now, but if this goes to trial you'll be tried as an
               | adult' nonsense.
               | 
               | And that's the story of how I learned to never, ever,
               | ever speak to a police officer without legal counsel,
               | even if you're straight up the victim in the situation.
               | 
               | What a fucking mess this country is in terms of policing.
        
           | some-guy wrote:
           | When I was a child, I thought police had to go to law school.
           | How else would you enforce the law if you didn't know what
           | the law was?
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | They're supposed to be trained on it, and they probably get
             | a week maybe, depending on the academy. The rest is how to
             | beat your ass.
        
             | redeux wrote:
             | I took a class in college from a lawyer who said he started
             | as a cop but wanted to understand the law better so he went
             | to law school at night. When he graduated the chief (or
             | whatever) told him he couldn't practice law and be a cop,
             | and even though he had no intention of actually being an
             | attorney, they let him go.
        
             | underdeserver wrote:
             | We all have to go to law school.
             | 
             | How could you live in the world without breaking the law if
             | you didn't know what the law was?
        
         | wutwutwat wrote:
         | Who does the court work for? The government. Who do the police
         | work for? The government.
         | 
         | Yeah yeah, they work for "the people" "the tax payer" whatever.
         | They work for the government. They get their paychecks from the
         | same place.
         | 
         | What are you expecting here? This isn't equal.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | There's a very good chance the cops in question do _not_ work
           | for the Federal government. They certainly don 't work for
           | the _judicial_ branch. It isn 't a perfect setup, but it's
           | better than many.
        
             | ty6853 wrote:
             | The whole thing is intertwined. Podunk cops often get put
             | on 3 letter task forces and work in a mutual arrangement
             | with each other. They often have a really clever scam going
             | on where they kick seizures up to federal agencies, since
             | it is so much harder to block/contest federal forfeitures
             | than local ones, and then the federal agencies kick back a
             | fraction of it.
             | 
             | Maybe their paychecks don't come from the federal
             | government nominally but in practice it's highly
             | intermixed.
        
             | wutwutwat wrote:
             | They all get paid from my pay check. They work for the
             | government. Level doesn't matter. They protect their own.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Level doesn't matter_
               | 
               | This level of civic and legal ignorance is a large part
               | of why our country is in the mess that it is.
        
           | ty6853 wrote:
           | It's ironic that Milton Friedman, the guy that invented
           | income tax withholding, was one of the staunchest fighters
           | against it in the end.
           | 
           | They all get their paycheck straight out your paycheck before
           | you even think about it. It's absolutely brilliant. No one
           | would actually pay for most the horse-shit we get in return
           | if you had to sign the check.
        
         | mjd wrote:
         | The rule that illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
         | exists to disincentivize the police from obtaining evidence
         | illegally.
         | 
         | But if the police believed, in good faith, that a particular
         | search was legal and reasonable, based on the fact that a judge
         | authorized them to perform it, then excluding the resulting
         | evidence doesn't serve that purpose.
         | 
         |  _Update_ : This is not a new thing. The good-faith exception
         | has been in U.S. law for decades. See
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good-faith_exception . You may
         | not like it, but it's not something the judge just made up out
         | of thin air.
        
           | ty6853 wrote:
           | If I believe, in good faith, I have not broken the law. I
           | should not be convicted.
        
             | mjd wrote:
             | This is not responsive. The police did not commit a crime
             | here.
             | 
             | Also note that there are good-faith defenses to all sorts
             | of crimes, because (for example) there is a difference
             | between knowingly defrauding a customer and just making a
             | mistake.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > The police did not commit a crime here.
               | 
               | They did, however, violate the Fourth Amendment. Per the
               | court.
        
               | mjd wrote:
               | The Fourth Amendment was violated by the magistrate judge
               | who issued the illegal warrant, not by the police
               | officers who, acting in in good faith, executed it.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | No, the judge told them they were allowed to do it. The
               | act of doing it is what violated the fourth amendment. If
               | they hadn't acted on the warrant, the fourth amendment
               | wouldn't have been violated. The judge was _wrong_, but
               | the police are the ones that violated the amendment.
        
               | mjd wrote:
               | "No warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, ...
               | and particularly describing the place to be searched, and
               | the persons or things to be seized."
               | 
               | Judge Magit violated the amendment by _issuing the
               | warrant_.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | If my lawyer tells me selling a specific analog version
               | of fentanyl is legal because it's different
               | enough/whatever, and I good faith sell an analog version
               | of fentanyl, do I get a good faith exemption?
        
               | lucb1e wrote:
               | Bad analogy but I'll try it:
               | 
               | I take it fentanyl is some illegal drug, but some people
               | can legally sell drugs (licensed apothecaries). If they
               | go for a license, get it approved, then sell a drug, and
               | then it turns out the license is invalid due to no fault
               | of their own and should not have been issued, I don't
               | think anyone is surprised if the apothecary is not on the
               | hook for that. But I'm not a lawyer, much less a judge,
               | so who knows what they'd actually rule
               | 
               | In the example where "someone told me to do it", you're
               | glossing over evidence (this was in writing, not
               | hearsay). In the example of addictive substances, you can
               | be reasonably expected to do your own research and not
               | take a random person's written word for it. The analogy
               | is so hyperbolic, I don't get the impression you're
               | trying to reasonably think about this case
        
             | encom wrote:
             | If you can cite previous court cases in your favour, you
             | probably won't.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _If I believe, in good faith, I have not broken the law.
             | I should not be convicted_
             | 
             | How often does this actually happen in criminal matters?
        
               | mjd wrote:
               | It's a perfectly reasonable defense to a charge of mail
               | fraud, for example.
               | 
               | Or employing illegal aliens. "But they told me they had
               | work visas, and they showed me what later turned out to
               | be expertly-counterfeited visas!" Why shouldn't that get
               | you off the hook, if true?
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Jeremy Kettler -- bought a silencer completely made and
               | sold within his state (no interstate commerce) and
               | believed based on the Kansas Second Amendment Act (I
               | think that was the name) which legalized intrastate NFA
               | items that it was 100% legal. His own state
               | representatives had advertised to their constituents that
               | the law exempted silencers that never crossed state
               | boundaries. The buyer and seller did it openly and even
               | had photos on facebook, seemingly totally oblivious this
               | would actually still touch federal law / interstate
               | commerce.
               | 
               | Cody Wilson -- Went to a sugar daddy website that
               | verifies IDs to ensure all 'escorts' are 18 which is a
               | pretty good faith way to do it IMO. Woman seemingly had
               | fake ID at some point, and also lied and turned out to be
               | like 16 or 17. At some point later she underwent
               | counseling at school and admitted she was an escort,
               | after which a criminal investigation happened and Mr.
               | Wilson was arrested. As a strict liability crime, there
               | was no defense that due diligence was done to ensure the
               | escort was 18.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | The SAFA case is complicated, granted, and rare; it
               | reached the appellate circuit for a reason.
               | 
               | CSAM and child sexual assault are one of the few areas of
               | criminal law where we confer (in my opinion, correctly)
               | absolute liability.
               | 
               | Broadly speaking, I think more cops have been convicted
               | of duty-related crimes than unsuspecting random convicted
               | of and punished for a crime they didn't know they
               | committed.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | These kind of convictions aren't rare in the firearms
               | domain. People get arrested or convicted all the time for
               | doing stuff they had no idea was illegal. More recently a
               | Navy Sailor (Patrick Adamiak) in the pipeline to be a
               | SEAL was convicted after selling an imported parts kit
               | that had been destroyed per ATF guidelines from the early
               | 2000s. But apparently when he resold it, (after buying it
               | openly from gunbroker), the ATF decided the way the kit
               | was cut up was wrong and put him away for 20 years. Oh
               | yes they had a few other excuses -- he had a
               | decomissioned RPG tube, so the ATF just put an entirely
               | other gun inside the fucking tube and fired it to claim
               | it still work.
               | 
               | In that case, even the Navy, which almost never does this
               | to felons, terminated him with an honorable discharge and
               | even let him run up all his liberty time before releiving
               | him.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | Hide some drugs in someone's luggage when they're
               | traveling at an airport and then get back to me. There's
               | tons of cases of people being arrested for things they
               | either had no idea they doing or had no idea was illegal.
               | And then even more where the police tack on lots of
               | charges for someone that's already been arrested; for
               | things that they had no idea they were a problem in the
               | first place.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Hell, there are tons of examples of people being arrested
               | for things that aren't crimes at all, and even for acts
               | that are constitutionally protected. Police don't care
               | because they know they'll get away with it (and might
               | even get a paid vacation) when the case against the
               | person who was arrested and likely lost their job as a
               | result gets thrown out. If the unlawfully arrested person
               | is lucky and/or wealthy enough to afford a good lawyer
               | they might get a decent amount of tax payer money out of
               | it.
        
             | __loam wrote:
             | This is a weird concept to people in stem fields, but in
             | law intent matters a lot. It's the difference between
             | manslaughter and murder.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | It apparently doesn't in one of the areas of which I have
               | a high level interest. The ATF is constantly changing
               | their mind on what a machine gun is, and if it is one, it
               | is a strict liability crime.
               | 
               | Not long ago a guy was put in jail for creating business-
               | card sized metal sheets with the image of a 'lightning
               | link' (machinegun conversion device) on it. Not the
               | actual device, just a picture of it etched <0.001" into
               | the metal. Clearly just art, and even when the ATF cut it
               | out they could not get it function as a machine gun. They
               | gave it to an actual machinist, and even after a day he
               | could not get it to function as a machine gun. They could
               | only get it to do anything by literally jamming it into
               | the gun and making it do hammer follow, which every AR-15
               | can do with the parts already in it.
               | 
               | Up until the guy was convicted I don't think anyone had
               | any idea a picture of a machine gun on a metal card was a
               | machine gun. They even convicted the guy advertising it,
               | who never as far as I know actually distributed one.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Meanwhile, you can use bump-stocks as a redneck machine
               | gun all day long.
        
               | aftbit wrote:
               | Are you talking about the AutoKeyCard case, Kristopher
               | Ervin and Matthew Hoover? Ervin finally gets out of
               | prison on 2025-05-03 and Hoover gets out on Christmas
               | 2026.
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Yes. Honestly I am astonished Ervin, the leader of that
               | enterprise, is getting out so much sooner than Hoover who
               | IIRC just advertised it.
        
             | addicted wrote:
             | If you believe in good faith that you have not broken the
             | law, and can reasonably convince a jury of that, you almost
             | certainly will receive a lighter sentence than you would
             | have otherwise and in some cases also be acquitted.
             | 
             | So this isn't really a good argument even if we ignore the
             | fact that it's a non sequitur.
             | 
             | A better argument is that the good faith exception, while
             | making sense in principle, can easily be abused by the
             | police to make illegally obtained evidence look like it was
             | done in good faith, and therefore the exception itself
             | should be removed because of how difficult it is to
             | actually gauge and enforce.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > If you believe in good faith that you have not broken
               | the law, and can reasonably convince a jury of that, you
               | almost certainly will receive a lighter sentence than you
               | would have otherwise
               | 
               | Juries usually don't decide sentencing, and even if they
               | did I don't think that would matter with crimes viewed as
               | wrong in themselves ( _mala in se_ ) though it might with
               | crimes viewed as wrong because they are prohibited (
               | _mala prohibita_ ).
        
               | ty6853 wrote:
               | Well there's also the case that a main component in
               | having your sentence reduced is expressing genuine
               | remorse.
               | 
               | I'm not sure how on earth someone could be remorseful for
               | a mala prohibitum victimless offense while simultaneously
               | maintaining they in good faith thought they were
               | following the law. Any expression of those two views
               | simultaneously would in practice be seen as not much more
               | than "sorry I got caught -- doing something I thought was
               | legal."
        
           | plsbenice34 wrote:
           | Excluding the evidence would incentivize police to stop
           | choosing the most convenient interpretation of the law. They
           | should have to try to make the most accurate interpretation,
           | which means punishment when they are wrong. Just like for
           | everyone else
        
             | mjd wrote:
             | No. In 2020 the police went to a magistrate judge to ask
             | for a warrant. The judge issued the warrant. Five years
             | later, another judge has determined that the warrant should
             | not have been issued in the first place.
             | 
             | That is not the fault of the police, and there is no reason
             | to punish them for it.
        
               | Vegenoid wrote:
               | The evidence can be suppressed without punishing the
               | police.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | > That is not the fault of the police, and there is no
               | reason to punish them for it.
               | 
               | It's not punishing the police. It's not allowing them to
               | use evidence that they shouldn't have been allowed to
               | gather.
               | 
               | Fining them, firing them, and/or jailing them for
               | breaking the law; those would be ways of punishing them.
               | That's not what is being discussed here. Admittedly, we
               | pretty much _never_ punish police no matter what they do,
               | so it's kind of a moot point.
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | They were allowed to gather the evidence - they had a
               | warrant from a judge. The judge erred, not the police.
        
               | gylterud wrote:
               | But the point is justice for the people put through curt.
               | It does not matter to them whose mistake it was.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Really we should be punishing the judge to approved it in
               | the first place. I judge that violates the rights of the
               | people shouldn't be allowed to be a judge.
        
           | reverendsteveii wrote:
           | Horseshit. This isn't a criminal conviction, the standard of
           | mens rea doesn't and shouldn't apply. To add a good faith
           | loophole only incentivizes two things: purposeful ignorance
           | and lying.
        
             | mjd wrote:
             | Learn to tell the difference between "I don't like it" and
             | "horseshit".
             | 
             | The legal precedent for this goes back decades, and it's
             | been argued by many people better-informed than you.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good-faith_exception
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | Reminds me of the de-facto good-faith exemptions for US
           | police for not shooting civilians, or for the US government
           | for arming death squads, or dictators, or genocidal military
           | campaigns etc.
        
           | anon373839 wrote:
           | It is an established principle. But it also is an exception
           | to how our legal system works: you are usually bound,
           | retroactively, by new legal principles when courts "discover"
           | them.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Agreed. Part of the problem here is that there are few
           | consequences (other than perhaps non-promotion) for judges
           | who issue bad warrants, and we don't have good information on
           | how many warrant applications are rejected or wrongly
           | granted.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | cell tower dump and general geofence warrants to Google/Apple
         | were how many Jan 6th protesters were found and charged. Courts
         | threw out all their arguments about this very issue. This is
         | standard practice and was celebrated as cops being smart
         | 
         | here's a Washington Post article lamenting that Google was
         | cutting back on how long they hold location data and how
         | hundreds of people wouldn't have been prosecuted without it-
         | https://archive.ph/r7afb
        
         | dataflow wrote:
         | You seem to be misrepresenting the situation. Ignorance of the
         | law is _not_ the defense they are invoking here.
         | 
         | Ignorance of the law is when you claim you didn't follow the
         | law because you were unaware it existed.
         | 
         | This is a case where the court believes police _did_ know the
         | law and _did_ try to follow it in good faith -- that 's how
         | they got to their conclusion that it's constitutional -- and
         | that no court had yet reached a different conclusion in that
         | district, until now.
         | 
         | These are distinctly different situations.
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | In most cases police is seen as serving the government and
         | having all sorts of protections from sovereign immunity
         | (confirmed in a case when a SWAT team partly destroyed the
         | wrong house), qualified immunity (invented by SCOTUS, there is
         | no such law) and practical legal immunity based on the fact
         | that DAs rarely prosecute and even juries rarely find them
         | guilty when prosecuted. This is why the ignorance of the law is
         | accepted in so many cases as a defense for police, but not for
         | citizens.
        
         | anon6362 wrote:
         | US police, in effect, are a lawless, violent, honorless,
         | untouchable, mafia who protect and serve primarily a landed
         | aristocracy. In some ultra-exclusive communities, city police
         | are literally reduced to Dashers and grocery getters. Similar
         | venues and communities in the States also pay for hybrid PMC/LE
         | QRFs who roll with battle rattle more than body armor and long
         | guns.
        
       | reverendsteveii wrote:
       | How many times recently have we seen rulings from judges that
       | establish that something is definitely illegal but the person who
       | did is still allowed to do it or at least there's no mechanism by
       | which they can be punished for doing it? Having laws and then
       | picking and choosing when they'll be enforced and against whom is
       | the same as not having laws in the first place. And before you
       | cite the good faith exception, passing a law that says "It's
       | legal to pick and choose when the law applies" doesn't legitimize
       | it.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | "That said, because the Court appears to be the first court
         | within the Ninth Circuit to reach this conclusion and the good
         | faith exception otherwise applies, the Court will not order any
         | evidence suppressed."
         | 
         | At least the weasel words allow/recognize that the decision is
         | made on a branch of unknown strength. The branch may snap if
         | other judges overrule, or it may be found to be a main branch
         | if other judges uphold the decision. I'm not a legal scholar,
         | but that's the first I've heard of this type of
         | acknowledgement. However, seems like the courage ran out at
         | that point instead of denying the evidence to be used, and
         | letting it go to appeal to test the thickness of that branch.
        
         | _DeadFred_ wrote:
         | Remember in every system people push up to and just as far over
         | the line as they can get away with.
         | 
         | 'Good faith' is given when chain of custody is broken. 'Good
         | faith' is given way too much. Either the 4th Amendment is
         | serious enough to have power/force over law
         | enforcement/judicial, or it doesn't. And with good faith, it
         | doesn't.
         | 
         | 'our side violated the law but because of the divisions of
         | power, our side didn't violate the law and we are going to give
         | good faith to our side that our side was acting in good faith'.
         | It's all window dressing to say 'the fourth amendment is
         | superseded by other factors that a judge get's to decide at
         | their discretion and the fourth amendment is not in fact the
         | law of the land, a judge can overrule it with 'good faith''.
        
       | flipnotyk wrote:
       | "It's unconstitutional and illegal, but you're not being held
       | accountable and you can still use the data." Yeah that tracks.
        
         | mjd wrote:
         | It is not reasonable to hold someone accountable for doing
         | something illegal in 2020 that was only determined to be
         | illegal in 2025.
         | 
         | The police officers applied to a judge for a warrant. The judge
         | gave them the warrant. Now another judge says that the warrant
         | should not have been issued in the first place. How is that the
         | police's fault? How would you hold them accountable?
        
           | pcaharrier wrote:
           | This is the basic idea of the good faith exception to the
           | exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule was supposed to
           | deter police misconduct (e.g., searching a house without a
           | warrant, thereby violating the Fourth Amendment) by
           | preventing them from using evidence they never should have
           | had. But the deterrence rationale doesn't hold up that well
           | when the police reasonably (and that's key) believed that
           | they were acting lawfully.
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | 'Your constitutional rights were violated but tough luck,
             | nothing can be done about it because the court is extending
             | special 'good faith' courtesy to the police that you don't
             | get (some animals are more equal than others in court
             | decisions/considerations when minor laws (the fourth
             | amendment) are broken)'.
             | 
             | And people wonder why American's are apathetic to it all. A
             | judge can just wave away constitutional violations all
             | day/every day because 'good faith'.
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | You're conflating "holding accountable" and "letting
           | benefit".
           | 
           | The question isn't whether the police officers who initiated
           | the tower dump should go to jail or be fired, but whether the
           | evidence they obtained would be admissible. It shouldn't be.
           | 
           | Also, a cell tower dump is not an act in good faith - neither
           | in 2020 nor in 2025, regardless of whether the court lets it
           | slide or not.
        
       | mjd wrote:
       | It took me a while to track down the actual opinion.
       | 
       | The case, _United States v Spurlock_ , is 3:23-cr-00022 in the
       | Nevada federal district. The opinion itself is ECF document #370,
       | and I have hosted a copy at https://plover.com/~mjd/misc/cell-
       | tower-dump-opinion.pdf in case other people are interested.
        
         | aftbit wrote:
         | Thanks for finding this! Here's a link to Courtlistener/RECAP,
         | which has a copy of this hosted for free as well.
         | 
         | Docket: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/67397036/united-
         | states-...
         | 
         | Order:
         | https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nvd.162...
        
       | transpute wrote:
       | EFF tool to counter BYOT (Bring Your Own Tower),
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43283917
        
       | Analemma_ wrote:
       | Do law schools even bother teaching about "fruit of the poisoned
       | tree" anymore? It's clearly a dead letter; this is yet another
       | ruling that if you gather evidence illegally you'll get a finger-
       | wag but allowed to proceed as usual. Why even have a notion of
       | legality of evidence if it doesn't matter?
        
         | mjd wrote:
         | The purpose of the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine is to
         | disincentivize illegal collection of evidence. But there has
         | always been a good-faith exception to it: if the police
         | genuinely believed that what they were doing was legal, as they
         | did in this case, relying on established legal precedent, then
         | throwing out the evidence doesn't disincentivize anything.
         | 
         | But the declaration that cell tower dumps are illegal now
         | disincentivizes _future_ police from relying on dumps, since
         | they now know (or should know) that such evidence will be
         | thrown out. And more to the point, magistrate judges will stop
         | issuing warrants for cell tower dumps.
        
           | topspin wrote:
           | "fruit of the poisonous tree" is one of those "magic words"
           | that a lot of people think will preclude prosecution. Judges
           | _frequently_ make exceptions and judgement calls on whether a
           | given search was legal, and people are _frequently_ convicted
           | on  "poisoned" evidence, and evidence compromised in all
           | sorts of other ways.
        
           | reverendsteveii wrote:
           | >since they now know (or should know)
           | 
           | but can you hold them to that in any manner or does each
           | officer need to be told officially and continue to plead
           | ignorance of the law until they are in some documented way
           | informed of it? can you plead ignorance of the law if you
           | know it's not legal to dump all traffic from a cell phone
           | tower but no one said that it's not legal to dump all the
           | traffic from a web server (assuming for the sake of argument
           | the obv interpretation that this ruling applies to all data
           | stores that contain data from multiple people)? Every time
           | you need to violate the constitution can you just have the
           | new guy do it? Does declaring this illegal actually do
           | anything to protect the rights of people who did nothing
           | wrong and had their data seized and pored over by police
           | anyway?
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | >> Does declaring this illegal actually do anything to
             | protect the rights of people
             | 
             | Yes, next time they do it the data cannot be used in court
             | as it was already declared anti-constitutional by that
             | Circuit and good faith argument cannot be used. Good faith
             | and not knowing the law are different; good faith can be
             | used when the law is not clear enough and there was no rule
             | to clarify.
             | 
             | It happens very often with 2A restrictions that are
             | overturned by courts, but they are in effect for years and
             | when they are repelled by courts then similar laws are
             | passed just to be repelled years later, but during all the
             | years there is an anti-constitutional law in place with
             | prohibitions. So police cannot do cell searches, but local
             | governments can enact anti-constitutional laws with
             | intention and wipe rights successfully, for example laws
             | that mandates telecom companies to provide the data to the
             | police.
        
           | kevinventullo wrote:
           | _if the police genuinely believed that what they were doing
           | was legal, as they did in this case, relying on established
           | legal precedent, then throwing out the evidence doesn 't
           | disincentivize anything_
           | 
           | This is obviously false. It would disincentivize the police
           | from collecting evidence without first ensuring that the
           | method of collection was legal.
        
             | multjoy wrote:
             | They did. They went to a judge and got a warrant.
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | That does not make it legal and it does not eliminate the
               | responsibility of asking for the warrant and using it.
               | 
               | Not saying there was a conspiracy here, but bad judges
               | exist and arranging for a warrant is possible even for
               | honest judges. If you are a policeman and you want to
               | kill someone, get a judge to sign a "no knock" warrant,
               | get in their house and shoot them, it happened many
               | times; there were cases when the warrant was not even for
               | the address of the poor guy that was killed and last year
               | the warrant was for someone that borrowed a lawn mower
               | from the judge who signed it and did not return it. So
               | the warrant excuse is not so good.
        
       | thatguymike wrote:
       | If this holds, can cops still ask for whether a specific phone
       | number was present on a cell tower at a certain time? I can't
       | tell if it's the breadth of the data collection that's
       | unconsitutional because it catches lots of innocent people's
       | data; or if it's the concept of using cell towers altogether.
        
         | mjd wrote:
         | It's the breadth. Searches have to be narrowly tailored to
         | provide evidence of the specific crime being investigated.
         | There's discussion of this on pages 12-13 of the judge's
         | opinion.
         | 
         | https://plover.com/~mjd/misc/cell-tower-dump-opinion.pdf
        
       | IncreasePosts wrote:
       | So the warrant is forbidden - could the police just ask nicely
       | for the data and have telcos provide it?
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | If police just ask they'll usually be rejected, but police have
         | found it a lot easier to offer to pay for that data and
         | companies have been happy to turn it over while stuffing their
         | pockets with taxpayer money.
        
       | Improvement wrote:
       | Paywall free link: https://www.courtwatch.news/p/judge-rules-
       | blanket-search-of-...
        
       | thrance wrote:
       | Who cares at this point what the judicial branch rules or thinks?
       | ICE received the benediction of our new king to use any means
       | necessary to do its bidding, legal or extralegal. They are now
       | arresting citizens [1] and putting them on planes straight to
       | those El Salvador death camps, Law be damned. If tomorrow they
       | can use Cell Tower Data to more efficiently round up political
       | opponents, be assured they will.
       | 
       | [1] https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/5255815-american-
       | ci...
        
       | excalibur wrote:
       | Did they blow the cell phone snooping machine up when they were
       | done like in _The Dark Knight_?
        
       | Jimmc414 wrote:
       | Interesting that the recent ruling against blanket cell tower
       | data searches wouldn't have affected the Mark Gooch case. In that
       | insatnce, investigators used targeted cell phone data (ie
       | "geofencing") to track his movements, not a mass data collection.
       | Under the new standards, this type of focused surveillance would
       | still be permitted.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBBTfy29WKI
       | 
       | They absolutely wouldn't have caught him without the cell phone
       | data, highlighting in my mind, the fine line between privacy and
       | safety, which is something I personally struggle to articulate
       | clearly. While it's reassuring this ruling wouldn't affect this
       | case, I can easily see how "tower dumps" could be misused. It's
       | confusing, though, that the judge ruled this unconstitutional
       | action permissible "just this once." Either it's unconstitutional
       | or it's not. Judges shouldn't have the authority grant one-time
       | exceptions.
        
         | mjd wrote:
         | The judge's opinion explains this in detail. It depends on the
         | so-called "good-faith exception" to the exclusionary doctrine.
         | 
         | The idea is that if the police tell the truth in their warrant
         | application of what they are looking for and why, the judge
         | issues a search warrant, and the police lawfully execute the
         | warrant, then there's no point in suppressing the evidence just
         | because, years later, it's determined that the warrant should
         | not have issued.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good-faith_exception
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | Ontario Canada figured this out in 2016.
       | 
       | https://financialpost.com/technology/police-breached-cellpho...
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | what's the difference between eyewitnesses reporting their
       | recollections of EMF data gathered by their eyes, a surveillance
       | camera collecting and recording EMF data, and a cell tower
       | collecting and recording EMF data? In the case of the cell tower,
       | the suspect is always carrying a "flashlight", but in the other
       | cases he may be.
        
         | VanTheBrand wrote:
         | because the law is not a math equation and context matters.
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | I assume this will go all the way to the Supreme Court. Is
       | issuing a warrant to do blanket search of cell tower data
       | unconstitutional?
        
         | sigwinch wrote:
         | "and the persons or things to be seized" suggests otherwise.
         | NSLs wouldn't be challenged this way.
        
         | nzeid wrote:
         | I am not a lawyer but here it goes:
         | 
         | If the target of the warrant itself is the carrier/telecom -
         | probably constitutional, but I imagine there'd need to be a
         | pretty good explanation.
         | 
         | If the target of the warrant itself is a single customer of the
         | carrier/telecom - Absolutely unconstitutional.
         | 
         | E.g. You can't get the transaction history of every customer of
         | a bank just because one of its customers is a suspect.
         | 
         | (Edited for clarity.)
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | guess they'll just keep doing it anyways and will now do
       | "parallel construction" to get a case through court.
        
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