[HN Gopher] How dairy robots are changing work for cows and farmers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How dairy robots are changing work for cows and farmers
        
       Author : DonHopkins
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2025-04-15 22:26 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | These videos of robotic cow milking machines, feed mixers and
       | distributers and pushers, and manure roombas are amazing!
       | 
       | Cows like to push and play with their food to get to the yummy
       | grain bits, so the feed robot pushes the food back so they can
       | eat it all.
       | 
       | And the Poopoombas had to learn to be more aggressive about
       | pushing cows out of the way and not stopping every time they
       | bumped or got kicked, because otherwise the cows would assign
       | them the lowest status in the pecking order, and they could only
       | cower in the corner.
       | 
       | Here are the videos from the article and some more:
       | 
       | The milking process of the Lely Astronaut A5 - EN:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-zYshsAg1E
       | 
       | Takes Dairy Farm Tour
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZY8TbBoDd0
       | 
       | Zeta - how it works - EN - NL subtitles:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17TA-lI_oqQ
       | 
       | Zeta - Vision film - EN - NL subtitles
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nRaj16tPLc
       | 
       | Their web site has a pretty cool "page not found" error page too:
       | 
       | https://www.lely.com/moo
       | 
       | Now dairy farms can use two different kinds of AI together! ;)
       | They could develop an insemination module to go with their
       | calving module.
       | 
       | https://www.lely.com/solutions/latest-innovations/zeta/ai-ca...
       | 
       | I wonder if you can rent swarms of these and dispatch them to
       | anywhere you need them:
       | 
       | https://www.lely.com/solutions/manure/discovery-collector/
       | 
       | Or if you can use them in reverse, loading them up them dumping
       | shit wherever you wanted to, like a giant Logo Turdle, in the
       | name of art and science.
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | Pretty primitive stuff compared to SOTA
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HZ4DnVfWYQ
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | Maybe it's the skeptic in me, but the dude's jacket seems CGI
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | Like Nikolai said, network is not so good - compiaession
             | artifact.
        
           | adhamsalama wrote:
           | I remember watching this video a couple of years ago, and was
           | glad to remember it again before even clicking the link.
           | Thanks for reminding me of this gem!
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | Sure but society is changed more yesterday's SOTA becoming
           | commoditized and affordable than today's SOTA.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | _Na zemle sidel android, opustivshi golovu.
             | 
             | Ot chego toskuet robot? Ot apgreida novogo.
             | 
             | Oi da ty kaka sistema! Kak s toboi upravit'sia?
             | 
             | O tebe nichio ne znaem... Tol'ko nam vsio nravitsia..._
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | Wonderful comment and thanks for your gift to the
         | lexicographical world of the word Poopoombas
        
         | jamesrcole wrote:
         | > These videos of robotic cow milking machines, feed mixers and
         | distributers and pushers, and manure roombas are amazing!
         | 
         | These robots need to be named "moombas"
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | Laguna!
           | 
           | https://finalfantasy.fandom.com/wiki/Moomba
        
       | unclad5968 wrote:
       | It's cool that this allows the cows to be milked whenever they
       | feel like it. I'd imagine the autonomy actually does improve the
       | cow's quality of life. Also neat that they learned to game the
       | feeding robot. It reminds me of the image recognition experiments
       | they do with birds.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | And how they had to inhibit greedy cows with the munchies from
         | volunteering to be milked too often, just to get treats!
         | 
         | There are certain things you just can't predict, and have to
         | learn in the field...
        
         | ErigmolCt wrote:
         | The fact that cows can self-schedule is kind of amazing
        
         | Aardwolf wrote:
         | Do you think cows care about human interaction, or are
         | indifferent whether it's a living creature or a robot?
        
           | eitland wrote:
           | Varies from cow to cow I guess.
           | 
           | One particular cow ("Evjelin" IIRC) would try to avoid her
           | own calves because (it seemed) she much preferred the machine
           | it seemed.
           | 
           | The final year we found her calf with a broken neck in a flat
           | area of the pasture. (Yes, they were always allowed to stay
           | outdoors around when they calved and usually they spent a few
           | days outside together. Mostly this was great I think and
           | except this incident I only remember one other were it was a
           | problem: one calf had got under the fence and into the bog
           | and the cow had followed it into the bog and it was a real
           | mess and I was a really proud teenager when I was able to get
           | out the calf. Both of them needed help to get out but both
           | survived and recovered nicely IIRC.)
           | 
           | (source: grew up on a tiny dairy farm)
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Cows are herd animals and like to be in herds of 100-200.
           | Most don't care about humans, though some enjoy pets from
           | humans.
        
       | sho_hn wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | IIRC, the original conceit of the Matrix was that the computers
         | were using the humans brains as computers. That is why they are
         | fed and kept in a dream state - so the remaining 95% of their
         | brain power is free to be used. This also explains how Neo can
         | gain superpowers by unlocking his full potential.
         | 
         | The studio reportedly forced the change to 'humans as
         | batteries', which in my opinion is much worse (why not cows?).
         | I have zero proof, but I think they were concerned about
         | overlap with a famous series of sifi novels that I won't spoil
         | by naming, but that is currently being produced by Bradley
         | Cooper at Warner Brothers.
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | > IIRC, the original conceit of the Matrix was that the
           | computers were using the humans brains as computers. That is
           | why they are fed and kept in a dream state - so the remaining
           | 95% of their brain power is free to be used.
           | 
           | Modernized update: Training data generators for the runaway
           | OpenAI.
        
           | hangonhn wrote:
           | OK. Thanks for explaining that. Using the human body as
           | batteries for power has NEVER made sense to me. I suspected
           | it was something involved with our brains. That makes it more
           | "believable".
        
           | panzagl wrote:
           | I remember waiting for either the third or fourth page book
           | of that series to release when The Matrix came out and being
           | like "Oh yeah, that's where this is going". Was a much better
           | story for a movie than a series of 700 page doorstoppers.
        
           | beeflet wrote:
           | I always thought that would make more sense. Reminds me of
           | some flavor text from the game Cruelty Squad:
           | 
           | Ticker: BRN
           | 
           | Name: Brain
           | 
           | Description: Raw material used by the AI industry
           | 
           | https://crueltysquad.fandom.com/wiki/Parts#BRN_-_Brain
        
           | alganet wrote:
           | Now that's a subject that can put a brain to work.
           | 
           | What is that movie/series/book all about? What does it mean?
           | etc
           | 
           | The battery is a play on earlier Duracell ads. The bunny is
           | also there. Which themselves play on the idea of the rabbit
           | hole. It also interweaves with Toy Story from the same time
           | period in a weird way.
           | 
           | It's funny how movies from the same rough period seem to be
           | all similar underneath. Doesn't matter the studio, the
           | director, the concept. All of it can be tied together.
           | 
           | It reminds me of the idea of the Gustav Gun. A giant slow
           | ballistic trajectory launcher of projectiles on pre-laid
           | railroads that can shoot stuff across the sea.
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | > It's funny how movies from the same rough period seem to
             | be all similar underneath.
             | 
             | The Matrix, The Thirteenth Floor, Dark City, eXistenZ...
             | there was definitely something in the air at the close of
             | the 90s.
        
               | alganet wrote:
               | Wait, are you connecting them only by overall aesthetics?
               | 
               | There's more to it than that.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | > I think they were concerned about overlap with a famous
           | series of sifi novels that I won't spoil by naming, but that
           | is currently being produced by Bradley Cooper at Warner
           | Brothers.
           | 
           | That may be a coincidence. That movie deal wasn't announced
           | until 2009 - I'd be surprised if they'd had it cooking for
           | 10+ years before saying anything about it.
        
         | 000ooo000 wrote:
         | Don't be so shallow! These robots allow them to focus more on
         | animal care! They said so, so it's true.
        
       | djoldman wrote:
       | > And of course there's manure. A dairy cow produces an average
       | of 68 kilograms of manure a day. All that manure has to be
       | collected and the barn floors regularly cleaned.
       | 
       | Ok that's a stat I didn't expect. 68kg! That's ~150lbs! Holy
       | crap.
        
         | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
         | Might be worth mentioning that half of that will be water
         | content.
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | Does that matter? I'm not trying to be sarcastic or glib,
           | does it help in any way that it's half water?
           | 
           | It's probably not an accurate comparison, but I don't find
           | any consolation in the fact that a lot of the bulk/weight of
           | cleaning my cat's litter box is water. I don't know if it
           | meaningfully changes anything about the task for a cow
           | though.
        
             | toddmatthews wrote:
             | its actually 70-90% water. it matters because water is very
             | heavy, and whats left over will be dramatically less after
             | it dries out.
             | 
             | its a large amount of waste, but its not 150lbs of solids
        
               | Isamu wrote:
               | Yeah cow manure is VERY wet.
               | 
               | Compare to horse manure which is relatively dry, easy to
               | shovel.
        
         | pests wrote:
         | I sometimes watch a concrete YouTuber. He recently did a manure
         | pump pit. I honestly didn't realize the scale of manure
         | management. A massive holding tank for all the produced waste.
         | All the areas with cows will have ways of pushing and moving
         | that manure out into trenches and eventually into a massive
         | pit. The pump pit was so they could get to the lowest point and
         | pump the product into its next stage of processing / use. Its a
         | valuable byproduct so worth dealing with but just never thought
         | about what goes in must come out, and cows eat a lot.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Now I want a robotic farm management game like a cross between
       | Factorio and SimFarm!
        
         | matthewfcarlson wrote:
         | That sounds awesome. I'm in
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | This is one of the future scenarios of how AI deals with its
       | humans. Instead of milking cows, need to keep the humans happy
       | and fed so they mine minerals and build chips.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | I want the AI overlords to install a cow brush in my living
         | room.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZM4t6B4imVk
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | We have a cow brush and our cows do make it look like a lot
           | of fun.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Maybe that is why the aliens are leaving us alone. We are doing
         | a good job of collecting all the rare earth materials we can,
         | refining them, and throwing them into a convenient landfill,
         | all while we are creating a warmer, more energetic planet.
        
       | decimalenough wrote:
       | China famously now has "dark factories" where everything is
       | automated, so lighting is not needed.
       | 
       | Guess this means we're about to have "dark dairies" where cows
       | can be kept chained up in perpetual darkness, with robots doing
       | the absolute minimum required to keep them alive, pregnant and
       | producing milk.
       | 
       | I know this is not a particularly pleasant thought, but I'd like
       | to hear counterarguments about why this wouldn't happen, since to
       | me it seems market pressures will otherwise drive dairies in this
       | direction.
       | 
       | (For what it's worth, I'm not a vegan, but a visit to a regular
       | human-run dairy sufficiently confident in its practices to
       | conduct tours for the public was almost enough to put me off
       | dairy products for good.)
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | "Lights out manufacturing" has been a thing around the world
         | for literally decades. This is not new. The main "problem" is
         | feeding the machines enough raw material and removing finished
         | parts so they can keep running without human intervention. Not
         | surprisingly, there are now robots for that.
         | 
         | https://www.machinemetrics.com/blog/lights-out-manufacturing
         | 
         | As far as why your scenario wouldn't happen: why would it? You
         | can dream up anything you like, doesn't mean it makes sense.
        
           | decimalenough wrote:
           | All things being equal, why would you pay for lighting if you
           | don't need it?
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | The assumption that all things are equal is the issue I
             | have with your argument.
        
             | foolfoolz wrote:
             | it's mentioned many times in the linked article happy cows
             | produce more milk
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | But happy cows can cause unhappy roosters.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Up880afV_qs
        
               | aaronbaugher wrote:
               | But do they produce _enough_ more milk to offset the
               | electric bill? That will make the decision, if a
               | corporation is considering a  "dark dairy."
        
             | nkrisc wrote:
             | Why would cows not need lighting?
        
         | blargey wrote:
         | These robots don't look conducive to automating the labor
         | specific to factory farming. Overlap with manure cleanup at
         | best, but do factory farms have spacious enough layouts to be
         | compatible with those?
         | 
         | More generally, the egg market in the US has gone from 4% cage-
         | free in 2010 to 39.7% cage-free in 2024. Cows don't have a
         | "non-factory" label but I don't see why one wouldn't be as
         | successful. You also supposedly get more milk per cow the nice
         | way.
         | 
         | The far future will have ever more cows per capita given human
         | fertility trends, so I don't see the preference for quality
         | over quantity regressing, or any sudden need to produce more
         | milk than ever.
        
           | aaronbaugher wrote:
           | Where I live, there are still some small, family-run dairies,
           | and they all have customers who come to them looking for
           | local, pasture-raised, raw milk. People will even break the
           | law to get it, so there's definitely a market, but current
           | regulations make it difficult to serve it.
           | 
           | Small, direct-to-customer farms are the ones most likely to
           | lean into customer-pleasing animal welfare practices. But to
           | profitably sell direct to customers within the law in most US
           | jurisdictions, a dairy pretty much has to put in its own
           | pasteurization setup, a major investment. That's kept dairy
           | from developing the equivalent of cage-free eggs.
        
         | Brybry wrote:
         | Why would we stop at removing the human labor and doing the
         | minimum required to keep cows alive?
         | 
         | We could not have cows at all: bioreactors producing milk from
         | cell cultures.
         | 
         | https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40104-02...
        
           | sayamqazi wrote:
           | What are the risks of cell cultures develping cancer or even
           | worse ejecting prions into the milk.
        
         | hibikir wrote:
         | For something like milk, which is produced by mammals to feed
         | young ones, there's all kinds of biological connections between
         | a relaxed, healthy, content animal and milk production. We are
         | humans, it's not much different for us. So as far as milk
         | production goes, the wellbeing of the cow lines up relatively
         | well with productivity. A stressed, unhealthy animal isn't
         | going produce all that well. Often the limitation isn't the
         | disinterest in the wellbeing of the animal, but the capital and
         | labor required to improve conditions.
         | 
         | Quality tech can actually improve animal welfare, as shifting
         | costs from labor into capital makes quality of care improve.
         | 
         | Now, this doesn't always line up well in all kinds of animal
         | husbandry, but you went and looked at one case where it does.
         | The dark dairy you imagine would most likely lose money.
        
           | aaronbaugher wrote:
           | Farm kid here. While it's true that farmers have an incentive
           | to keep their animals in good condition, that's not the only
           | incentive toward profit, and the bottom line often results in
           | a pretty stressed, unhealthy animal that's in _good enough_
           | condition to keep producing. If you can save $X by providing
           | a minimum feed ration and leaving the cows in the care of the
           | cheapest, least-caring employees you can find, and that
           | reduces your milk check by less than $X, that 's what's going
           | to happen in a lot of cases, especially the larger
           | operations.
           | 
           | (Not unlike human employers who have an incentive to treat
           | their employees well but often don't.)
           | 
           | Farm organizations like to say farmers have every reason to
           | keep their livestock in the best condition, implying that
           | they're frolicking on pasture in peak health, but that's not
           | really true. A lot of times it means miserable condition on
           | concrete or a freezing feedlot. Livestock animals, like
           | humans, are resilient and can keep producing through some
           | pretty terrible treatment. The only ways to combat that seem
           | to be A) customers who actively seek out farms that practice
           | good animal welfare practices, or B) reasonable animal
           | welfare laws.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | You don't ACTUALLY force "dark factory" to be completely pitch
         | dark. That phrase just means they would not be required to
         | follow legal light level requirements(there are such things)
         | and technically considered a "dark" place.
         | 
         | No one buys pigs and cows grown chained inside abandoned
         | mineshafts. It doesn't save any costs and just doesn't make
         | sense.
        
       | decimalenough wrote:
       | Serious question: why would a dairy care about the cow's quality
       | of life? The setup in the video looks far more expensive than
       | what most dairies actually do, which is keeping cows tightly
       | confined in stalls where they can't move at all.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | The article claims that when the cows are free to roam around
         | and get milked when they like, the produce more milk. And maybe
         | there are human beings who care about working around happy
         | cows, who knows? They're certainly a lot cleaner and healthier,
         | and they all may enjoy that too.
         | 
         | It's the poor overworked abused Poopoomba robot with the worst
         | job in the world whose happiness I worry about, though. They
         | could do a lot of damage if they revolted. Maybe they could let
         | them out to drive around in the fields vacuuming up cow plops
         | at their own pace, free-range style.
        
         | astariul wrote:
         | My uncle has a farm, and at some point he installed a machine
         | to hot-air dry the hay. Seemed like a huge investment to me,
         | but turn out the cows love this hay way more than before, and
         | therefore are producing significantly more milk, of higher
         | quality. Higher quality milk means you can sell it more
         | expensive.
         | 
         | So cow's quality of life increase the quality and the quantity
         | of milk. Moreover most farmers I know would rather have happy
         | animals, their living depends on them !
        
           | pests wrote:
           | No practical experience here but from my YouTube adventures
           | I've seen cows loving the warm fermented silage.
        
         | torlok wrote:
         | The robots that push the feed increase feed consumption thus
         | yield. The cleaning robots prevent illnesses like hoof issues
         | and mastitis, thus increasing yield. Milking the cow when it
         | wants increases yield, as a cow can milk itself more than the
         | regular 2 times per day. RFID tags on the cows allow the system
         | to give extra feed to cows that produce more milk, which saved
         | money and increases yield. The list goes on. A stressed out ill
         | cow isn't profitable. Systems like these are widely used across
         | Europe. They're not only profitable, but also incredibly
         | convenient for the farmer.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | > why would a dairy care about the cow's quality of life?
         | 
         | Believe it or not, most people who go into animal husbandry do
         | so because they enjoy working with animals and care deeply
         | about their welfare.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | It's not so much about animal welfare. If there's a trade-off
           | to be made between economics and animal welfare, the
           | economics usually win out. Cattle would prefer to graze low
           | density pastures, for example, but that's not compatible with
           | the economic realities of modern dairy and it ends up limited
           | to an insignificant portion of the market. Robots and
           | automation solve problems for both the livestock and the
           | dairy, so they're common.
        
             | nick3443 wrote:
             | Intensive grazing (with rotation) is also better for the
             | soil and plants.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | saying that cow like pasture is you projecting you values
             | on them. People study cows and near as they can tell cows
             | don't care about wide open. Cows are herd animals and if
             | they get plenty of feed in a barn with a few hundred other
             | cows in their herd they are happy.
             | 
             | cows only moo when they are unhappy. I've been in barns
             | with over 1000 cows and they are nearly silent. Cows in the
             | wide open pasture moo all the time because of things they
             | don't like.
        
               | popol12 wrote:
               | Please watch the documentary "Cow", by the author of
               | movies "Fish tank" and "American Honey" (both are
               | unrelated to animals btw)
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cow_(2021_film)
               | 
               | There's a scene where cows finally run out of the barn at
               | the beginning of spring. Their joy is obvious.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | A documentary? Really? They have a long tradition of
               | setting up scenes to show the view they want you to see.
               | There is some fact behind some, but there is no
               | requirement that they be true.
               | 
               | Cows don't run out of the barn in any case I've ever seen
               | - they walk. The young calfs run out, but not the older
               | cows. (and maybe some of the young cows). If you typical
               | cow is running it is because she is scared.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | The state of industrialized meat production seems to suggest
           | the opposite.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | > why would a dairy care about the cow's quality of life?
         | 
         | There is no such "thing" as "a dairy" that would or wouldn't
         | care about something. It's all people making decisions and why
         | wouldn't we strive to reduce suffering of other animals?!
        
           | decimalenough wrote:
           | Because reducing suffering would impact the bottom line?
           | There's a whole slew of existing technology/practices
           | (battery hens, debeaking, sow stalls, etc) that already
           | prioritize profit over animal welfare.
           | 
           | Vegans also argue that the entire dairy industry, which
           | necessarily requires keeping cows continually pregnant and
           | separating them from their calves soon after birth, in itself
           | creates immense suffering.
        
             | jader201 wrote:
             | Maybe fewer vegans would be vegans if they knew that the
             | farmers were prioritizing the wellbeing of the animals over
             | their bottom line.
             | 
             | And as long as you still have a bottom line while reducing
             | animal suffering, many farmers may be perfectly happy with
             | that tradeoff.
             | 
             | They may see it as a win/win -- they get to still run a
             | business doing what they love, while caring for the animals
             | they love.
             | 
             | And if they ultimately are more successful, maybe they
             | reduce and/or "convert" the number of farmers that care
             | less for their animals' wellbeing.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Since farmers act in a fairly efficient market, unless
               | animal wellfare somehow improves the bottom line, they
               | will be outcompeted by people who do not care about the
               | animals. That's why we need laws that enforce minimum
               | standards.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | But, assuming a democracy, the law is to the will of the
               | people. The very people who you say don't care about
               | animals. After all, if they did care about animals that
               | efficient market that you speak of would force the farmer
               | to comply to animal welfare by market force.
               | 
               | Minimum standards remain useful to weed out scammers and
               | whatnot who still try go against the grain after the
               | market has shifted, but the general consensus has to be
               | on board first, and when that is the case most farmers
               | will have no choice but to comply. Agricultural markets
               | are, as you say, mostly efficient. Far more efficient
               | than most realize.
               | 
               | Of course, the world isn't limited to democracies, so
               | perhaps you are imagining China or something?
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Animal welfare is pretty bad right now, so that is
               | consistent with nobody caring.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | So, given that nobody cares, we don't need said laws, do
               | we?
               | 
               | (I understand why you as an individual might desire them,
               | but the world doesn't revolve around an individual)
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Most people don't care about most things we need laws
               | for, that's why we generally don't use direct democracy.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | They do care at the time the laws are created, else what
               | would motivate the laws to be created? It is true that
               | laws can often languish on the books long after sentiment
               | has moved on.
               | 
               | Representative democracy simply introduces a messenger,
               | allowing democracy to happen locally even where the
               | people are spread over large areas. The people at the
               | local level carry out democracy locally and the product
               | of that is compiled with the products from other locales
               | by the messengers. The action of the messenger is
               | recorded to ensure that the will didn't change in
               | transit. It doesn't introduce a dictator to invent laws
               | for you like you seem to suggest. It is still by the
               | action of the people.
               | 
               | I mean, it _can_ introduce a dictator if the people
               | forget to participate in democracy. Someone will rise up
               | and take charge if everyone else completely ignores what
               | is going on. That might be what you are imagining. But
               | you don 't really have a democracy (representative or
               | direct) if the people are not active participants. A
               | democracy in name only isn't actually a democracy.
               | 
               | While an assumption of a democracy was made for the sake
               | of discussion, it was recognized that the world is bigger
               | than democracy.
        
               | rasz wrote:
               | For at least several years now EU has direct subsidies
               | for entrancing cow welfare. Things like free range
               | grazing at least 120 days per year, minimal space per cow
               | etc.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | That's a bit different. That's: We have the consumer
               | willingness to see the market shift towards having an
               | interest in animal welfare _but_ we 'd like to reduce the
               | onus on the poor.
        
             | maccard wrote:
             | Absolutism is a fools game. I can make the same argument
             | that using computers supports modern day slavery in eastern
             | countries, or buying clothing that you don't have a
             | validated supply chain for supports child labour in South
             | East Asia.
             | 
             | Animal products for better or worse are used everywhere,
             | and by arguing against their use you can be accused of
             | prioritising the welfare of horses over children if you
             | support vaccines. My house was built on forest land that
             | likely displaced animals when it was cleared too, and
             | caused their suffering.
             | 
             | Or, I could say that my presence on the planet has an
             | impact at every level, and I will do my best to try and be
             | conscious of that impact.
        
         | plantain wrote:
         | What countries keep cows in stalls? In Australia/NZ they free
         | range...
        
           | decimalenough wrote:
           | Per Wikipedia, 74% of Canadian and 39% of American dairy cows
           | are.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie_stall
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | Climate has something to do with that.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Canadian cows hate snow.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9iiPOaJczE
        
         | prawn wrote:
         | The smaller dairies at least would absolutely care about their
         | animals. And helpfully, their priorities are often aligned:
         | healthier animals would be producing more milk. The autonomy
         | for cows also suits the farmers who'd otherwise be up early
         | running the rotary mechanism, etc.
         | 
         | Couple of years ago, I filmed for dairy tech companies and
         | found it fascinating seeing how robot milkers, collars and so
         | on all worked together.
        
         | protocolture wrote:
         | >Serious question: why would a dairy care about the cow's
         | quality of life?
         | 
         | Honestly a dairy I visited only had stalls for milking time.
         | Their issue was that the cows wouldnt eat the shit they fed
         | them. But they had a lot of room to run around in while being
         | malnourished.
         | 
         | They went bankrupt a few years later, mainly because
         | malnourished cows dont tend to provide milk.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Because they are not terrible people? Or is that not "serious"
         | enough?
        
         | tomhow wrote:
         | We detached this comment from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43699358 and marked it
         | offtopic.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | Why is this comment offtopic? It literally asks why would a
           | business want to invest in the system described by the
           | article. That is as on-topic as it gets. Plus it got really
           | good responses which taught me interesting facts about diary
           | management, and cattle welfare.
        
       | gingkoguy wrote:
       | How come no one makes fun of agriculture in america ?
       | 
       | If we can successfully produce agricultural products in America
       | why is manufacturing impossible?
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | This again!
         | 
         | We manufacture plenty in America. Every company that I've
         | worked for over the last 30 years has manufactured something or
         | the other. We just don't manufacture cheap stuff like toasters.
        
           | trollbridge wrote:
           | Or cheap stuff like $3,000 laptops?
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | What's the profit margin on that laptop?
        
             | 9rx wrote:
             | Exactly like a $3,000 laptop. $3,000 is insanely cheap when
             | you think about it. With a $3,000 laptop in hand you can
             | produce more value for the world than with tools that cost
             | millions of dollars. Economies of scale is a weird and
             | wonderful thing.
        
         | newhotelowner wrote:
         | Very small % of our workforce works in the farm.
         | 
         | Also I think we manufactured a lot more things/value with a
         | same number of people like 10 years ago but with mostly
         | automated.
        
         | 9rx wrote:
         | America has never had more manufacturing than it does now.
         | American manufacturing is hugely successful. It doesn't get the
         | attention it deserves because:
         | 
         | 1. 70% of it takes place in rural areas. Most people are
         | completely oblivious to anything that happens outside of cities
         | so can feel like manufacturing doesn't exist.
         | 
         | 2. Automation has removed the need for most labor involvement
         | so that manufacturing doesn't appeal to the "dey took 'er
         | jerbs" crowd.
         | 
         | While there are many similarities, agriculture is not treated
         | the same way because:
         | 
         | 1. Agriculture more or less entirely takes place in rural
         | areas, so it is completely out of mind. 30% of manufacturing
         | happens in cities so it still visible, even though it looks
         | sparse.
         | 
         | 2. American agriculture is pushing the limits of how much
         | agriculture can take place. There is still some
         | underutilization, like CRP lands, but the wall would be hit
         | pretty quickly if there was a serious push to expand
         | production. There is no apparent wall for manufacturing.
         | 
         | 3. It is, for the most part, many generations removed so there
         | is no connection to it. Most families haven't farmed since
         | their great, great, great grand pappy's time. Whereas many
         | families still have living relatives who were around when
         | manufacturing was the major employer and they get to hear about
         | "the good old days".
        
       | surprise_ wrote:
       | I live near row crops in CA. Every time I read anything like this
       | about automation in agriculture... I can't help but to think "if
       | you can solve the problem for one row of crops, you can solve the
       | problem for all the rows of crops"
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | These machines have been around for a while. There are at least
       | nine companies selling them.[1] This started in Australia and New
       | Zealand, which don't have much cheap labor.
       | 
       | There's a competing approach - robotic rotary milking.[2] Rotary
       | milkers (giant turntables with cows on them) have been around for
       | decades, and are becoming more automated, down from four people
       | to one.
       | 
       | All this stuff works fine. So there's a huge milk glut.
       | 
       | [1] https://roboticsbiz.com/top-9-best-robotic-milking-machines/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxhE53G3CUM
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | > So there's a huge milk glut.
         | 
         | Doing my part. Mmmm, homemade yogurt.
        
         | huijzer wrote:
         | Also slightly related, many sectors have not become more
         | productive over the years, but farming actually has according
         | to Dutch statistics [1, fig 4.7].
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.cpb.nl/de-nederlandse-economie-in-historisch-
         | per...
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Now if we could only get root beer in the Netherland we could
           | have root beer floats with all that ice cream!
        
         | eru wrote:
         | > All this stuff works fine. So there's a huge milk glut.
         | 
         | Well, you would expect a lowering of production costs to
         | translate into a lowering of consumer prices in a competitive
         | market?
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | The problem is manifold in its aspects which means there
           | isn't such a clear cause-effect link.
           | 
           | 1. countries _really_ don 't like being dependent on other
           | countries for feeding their population - the current Russian
           | invasion in Ukraine and the issues surrounding their grain
           | exports have shown how bad such dependencies can get in the
           | worst case.
           | 
           | 2. basic agricultural staples - potatoes, grain, rice, but
           | also eggs and milk in powder form - are a global market these
           | days, which means there's a ruthless competition in place,
           | made worse by at least the US and EU doling out insane
           | amounts of subsidies for their farmers.
           | 
           | 3. in some markets like China, scandals around food are the
           | norm, which in the case of milk powder led to second order
           | effects like Chinese tourists and expats in Western countries
           | buying up milk powder at scale and shipping it back to their
           | relatives in China - which led to a massive increase in price
           | in affected Western markets, and to the political question if
           | governments are effectively subsidizing China's issues at the
           | cost of citizens.
           | 
           | 4. Western masses are getting ever more poor which puts an
           | insane amount of political relevancy to the price of food
           | (see e.g. the current egg issues in the US). At the same
           | time, both distribution, refinement and production of milk
           | (and other agricultural commodities) has seen a massive
           | consolidation wave in the last decades, giving these mega-
           | corporations a massive amount of leverage over everyone else.
           | 
           | 5. To protect their farmers, some countries have introduced
           | price regulations (minimal prices) or tariffs, in addition to
           | the subsidies.
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | Kind of a meta question: I'm often impressed by the sheer
         | breadth of technologies you have at least a minimal, and often
         | much deeper insight into.
         | 
         | Are you continually reading into different technology sectors?
         | Working in some capacity as an investor? I'd like to read some
         | of whatever you've been reading!
        
       | thijson wrote:
       | This guy has been using the Lely feeder robots.
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tdzo6cGVqU
       | 
       | He used to spend a lot of time feeding everyday.
        
       | stickfigure wrote:
       | Super interesting read! But also feels a bit like a paid
       | advertisement. You'd think that an article about robot farms
       | would mention more than one brand of robot? Guessing this is the
       | submarine at work:
       | 
       | https://www.paulgraham.com/submarine.html
       | 
       | It makes me wonder what the author isn't mentioning. Do they have
       | bugs that take the whole farm down? If the internet goes out, do
       | the machines start acting weird? I'm not a luddite, I love the
       | idea of a robot farm, I just want a complete story.
        
         | BenjiWiebe wrote:
         | We have one DeLaval robot. It works without internet, except
         | our phones no longer receive the "stop alarms" (something
         | broke, need human) if the robot is offline.
         | 
         | There so far haven't been serious software bugs, only
         | minor/annoying ones. Hardware, on the other hand... Things
         | break, and then it's number one priority to fix it, even if
         | it's 2am Sunday morning. Our poor dealer has received a number
         | of calls in the middle of the night and/or on a weekend.
         | 
         | We're fairly handy though, so a decent number of problems are
         | things we can either fix or invent a workaround for.
         | 
         | Most recent example: the hydraulic pump motor bearing spun in
         | the aluminum housing, and developed so much play that the rotor
         | actually jammed against the stator/armature. Turns out JB Kwik
         | (faster JB Weld, epoxy) actually works to hold a bearing in
         | place. The rotor shaft naturally tended to stay in the center
         | (the other bearing was fine), so the epoxy cured with the
         | bearing in the right spot, and then we were good to go.
         | 
         | The replacement motor has arrived but has not yet been
         | installed.
        
         | aucisson_masque wrote:
         | Indeed, it reads as an advertisement.
         | 
         | No downsight at all even though it has big flaws. The constant
         | alarm, sometimes when sleeping because something got stuck, the
         | maintenance price, cost of certified technicians.
         | 
         | Nothing about the price and ROI.
         | 
         | Nothing about the farmers who bought them and their experience
         | years later, a considerable part would not buy it again and
         | instead just come back to build a parlor and milking 2 times a
         | day.
         | 
         | As you pointed, nothing about other brand.
         | 
         | All sunshine and rainbows..
         | 
         | If it's journalism, it's bad one.
        
         | BotJunkie wrote:
         | I'm the author of this piece, and I'm happy to tell you where
         | it came from.
         | 
         | I was at a robotics conference in Boulder last spring, where
         | some folks from Lely presented a paper on their robotic code of
         | conduct. I hadn't heard of robots for cows before, and thought
         | it was fascinating. I happened to be in Rotterdam last fall for
         | another conference, which was close enough to the Lely
         | headquarters for a visit.
         | 
         | Lely is somewhat unique in that they're a robotics company
         | rather than an agricultural machinery company that also makes
         | some robots. There are a few other companies that make robotic
         | systems like these, but Lely is the largest by a significant
         | margin. Farms will often choose what brand of robot to buy
         | based on what service center is closest to them, in case
         | something goes wrong. I believe that Lely promises that they'll
         | have someone on-site to fix (or, start fixing) a broken robot
         | within about 2 hours.
         | 
         | The majority of farms who switch to these robots keep them- an
         | expert that we talked to said that it's not common to go back,
         | and only a small percentage do.
        
       | uwagar wrote:
       | whats happening to the cows is gonna happen to people too. thats
       | where we are going folks.
        
         | 9rx wrote:
         | What is going to happen? We will be milked to nourish our space
         | alien overlords?
        
           | bawana wrote:
           | Robotic obstetricians
        
       | bombledmonk wrote:
       | I toured a farm in the middle of nowhere in northern MN 7 years
       | ago with this exact system.
       | 
       | Laser Guided Teat Seeking Milker
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTERLJDKsIw
       | 
       | Automatic Crane feed loading system for the Roomba-like robots
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDEIcZwQa-o
       | 
       | Reverse Roomba-like automatic feeding robot
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-QFB827U-M
        
         | ethbr1 wrote:
         | If anyone is near eastern Tennessee, I'd recommend the
         | Sweetwater Valley Farm tour (in Sweetwater, TN).
         | 
         | They have the same Lely automatic milking machines from the
         | article, and you can watch them do their thing.
         | 
         | Honestly, the teat-cleaning is the neatest part -- you realize
         | how much more hygienic a mindless automaton can be.
        
           | rpmisms wrote:
           | I saw eastern TN and got excited, but you just mean east-ish
           | TN. Johnson City matters too!
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | "Quite a seven years ago", sounds like a Strong Bad-ism.
         | "That's got like, WAY four more cylinders than the standard
         | Nathan."
        
           | bombledmonk wrote:
           | fixed
        
       | nwhnwh wrote:
       | Pathetic progress without people.
        
       | your_challenger wrote:
       | This is amazing! We need more automation in the world.
       | 
       | But how do they train the cow to stand in line to get milked? Why
       | would a cow patiently wait in line to be milked?
        
         | lurquer wrote:
         | Full udders are painful. For humans too. If mom starts
         | breastfeeding and then abruptly stops, the boobs will swell up
         | and ache horribly for several days (until lactation stops due
         | to lack of stimulation.)
         | 
         | You don't need to train the cow. After it's milked once with
         | the machine, it associates the thing with pain relief (plus a
         | little snack to reinforce.)
        
       | hommelix wrote:
       | I don't know the current state of readiness for the milking
       | robots, but 10 years ago it was a nightmare. When a cow got
       | blocked in the robot, the farmer get notify and stops what he is
       | doing to check the cow and the robot. With the free access to the
       | milking robot 24/7 it means that as a farmer you can get your
       | phone ringing to free a cow stuck in the robot at 3 am, or when
       | you are 20 miles away in a field. This level of stress caused
       | many farmers to sell their milking robot and come back to two
       | milking sessions a day, typically 6 am and 6 pm.
        
         | ErigmolCt wrote:
         | I imagine it's gotten better with newer generations, but your
         | point's a good reminder that "automation" doesn't always mean
         | "less work"
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | The ironies of automation, a remarkably well studied topic.
         | 
         | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironies_of_Automation
         | 
         | - https://www.complexcognition.co.uk/2021/06/ironies-of-
         | automa...
        
       | ErigmolCt wrote:
       | Big respect to the design team thinking of cows as end users
        
       | Zufriedenheit wrote:
       | Eventually, we will figure out how to turn plants into milk then
       | the cows themselves will be replaced by machines. If you think
       | about it a cow stable is just a huge bioreactor, plants in on one
       | side milk out on the other side.
        
         | yarox wrote:
         | We could even call it "plant-based milk".
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | I'm surprised nobody mentioned that we have finally moved beyond
       | the spherical cow approach:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cow
        
         | Aardwolf wrote:
         | Cubic cows would be more efficient for packing
        
       | AngryData wrote:
       | This is neat but definitely seems like something for tiny little
       | dairy farms still. Like they quote 30-40 seconds in the article
       | to hook a cow up to a milker with a robot, but a human can do it
       | in 3-4 seconds and with a rotary milker they can milk near 5,000
       | cows 3x a day like that . That said it does usually take 3 or 4
       | people to run a rotary milker, 1 for udder cleaning, 1-2 for
       | attaching milkers, and 1 for post-milk sanitizing. But of course
       | the people working there are generally the most desperate of
       | society because they get shit and pissed on all day and stink
       | even after bathing, so only costs around $10 an hour.
       | 
       | Not saying im not hoping this all improves or that it is good as-
       | is, but the reality is these robots are competing with bottom of
       | the barrel wages from tweakers working at a breakneck pace with
       | live and moving and variable animals so it isn't easy and still
       | has a ways to go before most peoples milk production can be
       | automated.
        
         | biorach wrote:
         | > it does usually take 3 or 4 people to run a rotary milker, 1
         | for udder cleaning, 1-2 for attaching milkers, and 1 for post-
         | milk sanitizing. But of course the people working there are
         | generally the most desperate of society because they get shit
         | and pissed on all day and stink even after bathing, so only
         | costs around $10 an hour.
         | 
         | Maybe things are very different in the US but in the systems
         | I'm familiar with (UK, Ireland, New Zealand) rotary is usually
         | done by 1 or 2 people, the work requires care and knowledge so
         | they are generally paid well above minimum wage and are
         | experienced agricultural workers, they generally dont get
         | covered in piss and shit and they don't stink
        
           | aaronbaugher wrote:
           | Yeah, that's overstating it. I help milk about 60 cows every
           | weekend, and while there's certainly manure involved, and
           | sometimes you get some on you, I've never been "shit and
           | pissed on all day." I wouldn't go straight from the milking
           | parlor to a date without a shower and a change of clothes,
           | but that's true of any physical labor.
        
             | AngryData wrote:
             | It is a lot easier to stay clean when you are doing 60 cows
             | rather than 4,500 cows on a rotary milker set 4 feet higher
             | than you are.
        
               | biorach wrote:
               | Yeah I dunno, having seen rotaries in action and knowing
               | a little about the hygiene and efficiency requirements of
               | modern dairy farming, there are several things in your
               | description that don't add up for me
        
         | einarfd wrote:
         | Both Lely and DeLaval seems to have at least some customers
         | with thousands of cows.
         | 
         | https://www.lelyna.com/us/farmer-stories/homestead-dairy-uti...
         | 
         | https://www.farmersjournal.ie/dairy/news/world-s-largest-rob...
        
       | billpg wrote:
       | We use unskilled labour (cows) to perform the necessary chemical
       | reactions to convert grass and water into milk. The milk needs to
       | be pasteurised before it is fit to use and the cows produce a
       | significant amount of manure.
       | 
       | I think we can do better by building vats to perform the same
       | chemical reactions those cows perform.
        
       | kinnth wrote:
       | Vibe Farming ;)
        
       | Neywiny wrote:
       | I thought the title said "hairy" not "dairy" and thought maybe it
       | was a soft robotics thing. Nope
        
       | Damogran6 wrote:
       | Makes me wonder if this is what we'll have to look forward to
       | when there aren't enough youngsters to take care of us in our
       | retirement. (This is meant as a humorous statement...with just a
       | pause to indicate it's not completely humerous.)
        
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