[HN Gopher] Evelyn Waugh's Decadent Redemption
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       Evelyn Waugh's Decadent Redemption
        
       Author : bryanrasmussen
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2025-04-11 15:29 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (libertiesjournal.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (libertiesjournal.com)
        
       | musictubes wrote:
       | Liberties is a great journal. It covers a lot of intellectual
       | ground and is unapologetically Liberal in all senses of the word.
       | Every issue has political and historical commentary, art
       | (literary, film, dance) criticism, and poetry. It's like a denser
       | Harper's.
        
       | K7mR2vZq wrote:
       | Waugh's journey from satire to orthodoxy mirrors many tech
       | careers--from disruptive iconoclasm to seeking deeper principles.
       | His ability to maintain literary excellence while embracing
       | traditionalism reminds us that technical maturity often involves
       | integrating seemingly contradictory values rather than merely
       | overturning established systems.
        
         | dhosek wrote:
         | His journey doesn't really follow that pattern though. _The
         | Loved One_ , a deeply iconoclastic satirical novel came after
         | _Brideshead_.
        
           | ewgoforth wrote:
           | The movie is pretty good too. Jonathon Winters in a dual row.
        
             | dhosek wrote:
             | Oh God no, that movie is a horrid mess. It's why Waugh's
             | novels were never adapted by Hollywood studios after that.
        
           | throwaway2562 wrote:
           | What of it? The Loved One (1948) was a bit of a squib at
           | best, tonally a throwback to the earlier Waugh. It's not very
           | good (imho) so you can see why Terry Southern - who had not
           | much taste - liked it enough to make a film of it, also
           | unsuccessful.
           | 
           | The Sword of Honour Trilogy written over the next decade or
           | so is much more representative of the later Waugh: the
           | original article has sketched him out correctly.
           | 
           | The general continuity in Waugh's life and writing is
           | contempt for modernity: a turn to religion makes perfect
           | sense in that light.
           | 
           | The diaries are worth reading too. He really was quite an
           | unpleasant fellow, as well as a fine writer.
        
             | cafard wrote:
             | Paul Fussell (I think) said that one should read Waugh's
             | letters rather than his diaries: he wrote the letters in
             | the morning, sober, and wrote the diaries at night, drunk.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | > The general continuity in Waugh's life and writing is
             | contempt for modernity: a turn to religion makes perfect
             | sense in that light.
             | 
             | I'm christian and this describes the most troublesome
             | converts. Both in the trouble they cause the rest of us and
             | the trouble they experience themselves.
             | 
             | The thing they miss, and also maybe you, and also probably
             | Waugh, is that religions are in one sense much older but in
             | another much more serious and experiential sense they are
             | modern.
             | 
             | They are practiced by modern people, with modern patterns
             | of thought, navigating modern problems in modern ways. The
             | wisdom may be ancient but your life isn't, your belief
             | isn't. You can't go home again, you can't swim in the same
             | river twice, you can't prevent the fall, you can't put the
             | family back together, you can't practice the religion of st
             | anthony or even of your great grandfather. A modern person
             | can only practice a modern christianity and this includes
             | catholicism.
             | 
             | Now, I still think you are right about waugh there. He did
             | have contempt for modernity and did probably turn to
             | catholicism to escape it. But I don't believe he found what
             | he was looking for, because it simply isn't there to be
             | found.
             | 
             | Charles Taylor explores this
             | problem/contradiction/experience in incredible depth in A
             | Secular Age. I wish waugh had been able to read it but I
             | wonder if he would have.
        
               | throwaway2562 wrote:
               | Thank you. I will explore.
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | I'm responding a bit late to this.
               | 
               | The objection to your point is that the teachings of
               | Christianity are timeless if true. And therefore so is
               | (the object of) Christians' belief. And so therefore, a
               | 'modern Christianity' is an oxymoron.
               | 
               | I happily claim to practise the religion of St. Anthony,
               | since our intellects adhere to the same thing (God's
               | Self-Revelation in the God-Man Jesus Christ), and our
               | wills pursue the same thing (Union with the Divine
               | Nature). The reason for belief and the goal of religious
               | practice is the same in St. Anthony's case as in mien.
               | 
               | As for Waugh, he believed that 'modernity', taken to mean
               | the beliefs that inform contemporary thought and
               | behaviour, was contemptible. (Obviously, if we took
               | 'modern' to simply mean 'contemporary', this would make
               | no sense. 'Modern' is a notoriously ambiguous word.)
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The objection to your point is that the teachings of
               | Christianity are timeless if true.
               | 
               | "The teachings of Christianity" are, in fact, not
               | consistent across time or across subsets of Christianity
               | at the same time, and for any given time and group of
               | Christians tend to include a mix of teachings that are
               | held by those Christians to be fundamental and eternal,
               | and teachings that are held by those Christians to be
               | applicable in the current context (the latter tend to be
               | presented as an application of the former to the
               | perceived current circumstances, but may or may not be
               | the result of applying any rational process to explicitly
               | held eternal beliefs to any specifically articulated
               | beliefs about the modern world.)
               | 
               | Your objection seems to be grounded in claims about the
               | "teachings of Christianity" that are empirically untrue
               | of the actual teachings of actual Christianity as it has
               | actually existed in the material world. They may apply to
               | some abstract ideal of Christianity, but in that case a
               | "modern Christianity" could still exist as a concrete
               | Christianity that more closely approached the abstract
               | ideal than current concrete forms.
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | That's fair. Let's replace 'Christianity' with 'the
               | Catholic Church', since what you say undoubtedly applies
               | to Protestantism, and in a less obvious way to Eastern
               | Orthodoxy. And remember, I'm saying 'timeless _if_ true
               | '; the 'true' part is assumed for the purpose of this
               | argument.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | As someone who has been Catholic most of my life, it
               | certainly applies just as much to the Catholic Church
               | (even to there being diverse beliefs within the Church at
               | any given time, and certainly to change over time.)
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | Catholicism teaches that Divine Revelation is God's Self-
               | Revelation and therefore can't change because God can't
               | change. Again, if it changes, then it isn't true. I'm not
               | (here) arguing that it's true; only that in order to
               | adhere to it, one must hold that it doesn't change. That,
               | obviously, doesn't imply that every member of the
               | Catholic Church believes the same thing. Nor does it
               | imply that practice will look different in various times
               | and places, although practice will always have the same
               | goal (Union with the Divine Essence) and therefore be in
               | essence the same thing.
               | 
               | EDIT: "will look different" should obviously be "will not
               | look different"
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Catholicism teaches that Divine Revelation is God's
               | Self-Revelation and therefore can't change
               | 
               | Revelation may not change, but the actual concrete
               | beliefs of the Catholic Church manifestly do.
               | 
               | > Again, if it changes, then it isn't true.
               | 
               | If it changes, and it was _claimed_ to be a universal
               | constant, than either the before- or after-change version
               | isn 't true, sure, that's trivially true.
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | I said
               | 
               | >> The objection to your point is that the teachings of
               | Christianity are timeless if true.
               | 
               | To which you said
               | 
               | > "The teachings of Christianity" are, in fact, not
               | consistent across time or across subsets of Christianity
               | at the same time
               | 
               | > Revelation may not change, but the actual concrete
               | beliefs of the Catholic Church manifestly do.
               | 
               | The teaching of the Catholic Church just is revelation.
               | Individual Catholics or churchmen may believe all kinds
               | of things, some contrary to revelation and/or each other,
               | but that's something distinct. What has manifestly
               | changed?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The teaching of the Catholic Church just is revelation.
               | 
               | No, _even in the view of the official teachings of the
               | Catholic Church_ , the teachings of the Catholic Church
               | include, but extend well beyond, revelation.
               | 
               | If the teachings were only what was understood to be
               | unquestionably part of the content of revelation, then
               | there would be no teachings which were not dogmas.
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | Yes, that was a bad way of putting things on my part. You
               | are correct. Better would be "the basis of the Catholic
               | Church's teaching, and the primary part of its teaching,
               | is revelation".
               | 
               | To return to the main disagreement:
               | 
               | >> The objection to your point is that the teachings of
               | Christianity are timeless if true.
               | 
               | > "The teachings of Christianity" are, in fact, not
               | consistent across time or across subsets of Christianity
               | at the same time
               | 
               | The teaching of the Catholic Church, insofar as it is
               | proposed as being part of Revelation, or as following
               | logically therefrom, is timeless and unchanging. One
               | reason is that Revelation is primarily about God (it's
               | His Self-Revelation), who can't change.
               | 
               | Again, the fact that different Catholics believe
               | different things (contrary to Revelation or each other),
               | or that some teachings that are _not_ proposed as being
               | part of Revelation change over time, is irrelevant to
               | this.
               | 
               | Obviously, if you claim Revelation is an "abstract
               | ideal", then you are implicitly claiming it's false, or
               | doesn't exist, which is an entirely different argument.
               | 
               | Are there any teachings that are proposed as part of
               | Revelation, or as following logically therefrom, that
               | have manifestly changed over time?
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | Precisely.
               | 
               | Here is an article[0] explaining papal infallibility that
               | touches on some of these things in greater detail for
               | those interested.
               | 
               | [0] http://edwardfeser.blogspot.com/2015/11/papal-
               | fallibility.ht...
        
               | dctoedt wrote:
               | > _Catholicism teaches that Divine Revelation is God 's
               | Self-Revelation and therefore can't change because God
               | can't change._
               | 
               | The "God can't change" part seems a bit above our
               | paygrade, no?
               | 
               | Not to mention: Who are we to say that God wouldn't
               | reveal things to us gradually -- and maybe in a changing
               | way?
               | 
               | EXAMPLE: We still teach our kids that the sun rises in
               | the east and sets in the west. Later, we refine the
               | teachings.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | This misunderstands the theology and metaphysics very
               | profoundly.
               | 
               | The immutability of God is a necessary theological
               | conclusion. If God changes, then He isn't God, _by
               | definition_. It would be a metaphysical absurdity. Change
               | presupposes imperfection and, therefore the potential for
               | perfection, i.e., full actualization, but God as the
               | _Ipsum Esse Subsistens_ , is pure act with no potential
               | left to actualize. God is fully dynamic, but this is
               | quite different from change. He may appear to change from
               | our temporal perspective as events are distributed in
               | time, but from an eternal perspective, all is actualized,
               | "simultaneous", so to speak.
               | 
               | W.r.t. gradual revelation, that is exactly what Scripture
               | is a record of. A Catholic reading will demonstrate that
               | revelation is in the business of slowly revealing to Man
               | who God is (at least that which cannot be known through
               | unaided reason; quite a bit can be known through reason
               | alone), preparing him for the culmination of public
               | revelation in the Incarnation of the Logos, something
               | foreshadowed in the Old Testament. And furthermore, the
               | Catholic Church recognizes the _development of doctrine_
               | , which you could call a refinement and deepening of
               | understanding of what has been revealed. I like the
               | analogy to mathematics, even if it is imperfect: all the
               | theorems that follow from a set of axioms are in a sense
               | already in the axioms, and so mathematics is in the
               | business of unpacking them.
               | 
               | However, this gradual revelation and development of
               | doctrine, in order to be authentic, cannot contradict
               | what was _known_ previously, at least to a certain
               | accuracy, if not precision. Of course, here is where
               | people can get tripped up by analogical devices and
               | literal-mindedness. Scripture is written using the
               | idioms, paradigms, and language of the people who wrote
               | it and for whom it was written. That means that some of
               | the language may not agree with strict scientific
               | descriptions of the 21st century. However, when that does
               | occur, you will note that the sense is not the reference:
               | when the Bible speaks of the sun rising in the east and
               | setting in the west _in order to communicate some
               | theological truth_ , it is not making astronomical claims
               | about the sun and the earth. It is using this language as
               | instruments to communicate something, often by analogy.
               | In fact, analogy is essential to theology, something
               | captured in the concept of the _analogia entis_. Univocal
               | or equivocal approaches to the subject of God have been
               | the source of numerous heresies.
        
               | dctoedt wrote:
               | > _The immutability of God is a necessary theological
               | conclusion. If God changes, then He isn 't God, by
               | definition. It would be a metaphysical absurdity._
               | 
               | Is that so? Just because some people can't conceive of a
               | mutable God, it doesn't mean it's impossible by
               | definition. (Quantum mechanics was equally
               | "inconceivable," until it wasn't.)
               | 
               | For the sake of argument, let's assume that God exists.
               | Of course it's not our place to proclaim that God _does_
               | change -- that 's above our paygrade, too. But to purport
               | to categorically rule out the possibility is not just
               | Dunning-Kruger arrogance, it's blasphemy.
               | 
               | Our discussion brings to mind chapter 38 of the Book of
               | Job. We can summarize it (profanely) as God's saying to
               | Job, in essence, "Who the f*ck are you to question _me_?
               | "
               | 
               | https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2038&ver
               | sio...
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | It is, actually, necessary that God can't change. It is
               | not _solely_ an article of Faith, but it's additionally
               | something that someone without the light of Faith can
               | know, although some pretty abstract thinking is required.
               | 
               | Most people think of the God of monotheism as a kind of
               | super-angel. They think of Him as omnipotent, eternal,
               | etc etc, but still something that exists in the same way
               | that everything else exists. We say of a stone, a plant,
               | a human being or an angel "it exists", and therefore,
               | they think, we can say the same about God. This is the
               | wrong way of thinking about Him, and it causes a lot of
               | confusion (and it allows the Dawkinistas to put forth
               | puerile arguments like "one god fewer"). It makes
               | existence out to be something that God _has_ , and
               | therefore something that is, in itself, independent of
               | Him. And if something is independent of God, then it
               | would be higher than He is, and be something that He
               | relied on, and that would mean He wouldn't be God.
               | 
               | It is instead much better to say that God is Being, and
               | that everything else exists only in a derivative way.
               | Everything else _has_ being, but God _is_ Being.
               | 
               | Pantheists and other monists argue that the universe
               | itself is being, and that it can't ultimately change (the
               | appearance of change is an illusion, they say). Their
               | argument, to summarize horribly, is that anything other
               | than being is non-being, and non-being can't do anything,
               | since it doesn't exist. An acorn can't change into a
               | tree, because that would imply that prior to the change
               | the tree "is not", and that which is not can do nothing.
               | The tree must therefore have always existed. Thus all
               | change is an illusion.
               | 
               | They're mistaken insofar as they're talking about the
               | visible universe -- change is absolutely real -- but what
               | they say is roughly true for God. He can't change,
               | because there is nothing that _is_ Being apart from Him.
               | Everything outside Him exists only derivitavely. This
               | doesn 't imply pantheism, because the things outside Him
               | have real existence, but it is a kind of lesser
               | existence.
               | 
               | A rough analogy: Light can't be dark. Other things can
               | share in light without actually being light (noun), but
               | they can't make light be dark. God is Being, and other
               | things can share in his being but can't make Him non-
               | being. Any change in Him would involve His going _in some
               | way_ from non-being to being. But non-being can 't _do_
               | anything, or become being. This is a very rough sketch of
               | why God is immutable. This stuff requires some seriously
               | abstract and non-quantitative thinking and isn 't easy.
               | 
               | Job 38 doesn't imply that we can know nothing about God,
               | only that we can't _fully_ comprehend Him.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | > I happily claim to practise the religion of St.
               | Anthony, since our intellects adhere to the same thing
               | 
               | Well, and me too. But also you should read the book I
               | mentioned. I'm not qualified to summarize it but others
               | have. It has been extremely valuable to my spiritual
               | life.
        
               | geye1234 wrote:
               | Thanks. I've heard good things about Taylor and I will
               | try to check it out one of these days.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | A similar contempt for modernity was popular in Germany in
             | the years before BR was published.
             | 
             | IMO he revealed far too much truth in Decline and Fall, and
             | the rest was hopeful damage limitation.
             | 
             | I'm not surprised he drank a lot.
        
       | giraffe_lady wrote:
       | I really like this book and while not catholic I'm close enough
       | that the experiences and decisions of the characters are
       | comprehensible to me, which probably helps.
       | 
       | The article mentions this briefly but many don't, and they
       | downplay it significantly even here. The first act of this book
       | is _extremely_ homoerotic. Like it is a clear depiction of a
       | chaste but certainly romantic love between these two young men.
       | But it is _also_ a friendship based on normal-for-the-time-and-
       | place male camaraderie and college antics.
       | 
       | It's a nuanced and sophisticated depiction, not apparently trying
       | to make any moral or ethical point about it and the book has a
       | small but devoted following among contemporary gay men for this.
       | Nor is this even plausibly deniable as a "sappho and her friend"
       | type accident on the author's part, since homosexuality is pretty
       | explicitly (though euphemistically) referenced elsewhere in the
       | book. IMO one of the best depictions of a romance of its kind in
       | modern literature. It's fascinating that it's here.
        
       | philsnow wrote:
       | > Why, oh why, must the love stories fail?
       | 
       | Well, Julia's (and then Charles's) love for God prevails, in the
       | end.
       | 
       | On the face of it, it's not a story where the guy gets the girl,
       | as such. However, there is a sense where Jesus is the bridegroom
       | of the Church, and thus it is that kind of story, just not the
       | way that readers expect (well, as Oliver points out, until they
       | read the title of the section "The Twitch on the Thread").
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | In Catholic theology, God is the ultimate end of Man. The
         | created order, with all its good and beauty, can be understood
         | as a sign that points to God.
         | 
         | Marriage under a Catholic understanding has both a natural and
         | a supernatural end. The natural end is procreative, but the
         | supernatural end is that of a friendship in which husband and
         | wife help each other on their journey toward Heaven.
         | 
         | In Dante, we see Dante's love of Beatrice lead him to God. He
         | never marries her, but through her beauty and his love of her,
         | she becomes a kind of icon through which Dante is led toward
         | virtue and the divine. Eros draws him upward, but he is
         | purified by agape. Agape purifies eros. The willing of the good
         | of the other, self-sacrifice, surpass the satisfaction of one's
         | desires and purify them.
         | 
         | (Incidentally, this is why, in this theological light, vile
         | perversions like pornography become even more horrifying and
         | dark. There is a sense in which one is also participating in an
         | act of desecration.)
        
       | danielhanlon wrote:
       | How unexpected - beautifully written! It's almost surprising that
       | the quoted passages are so familiar - I hadn't realised how
       | affecting they are. Whilst loving the book I can't consider
       | Brideshead Revisited without thinking of the wonderful 1980s
       | Granada TV adaptation. I didn't dare watch the more recent film,
       | lest it spoil the tableaux of the original.
        
         | coyotespike wrote:
         | The Granada TV adaptation apparently was a sensation on both
         | sides of the Atlantic, and they simply read out loud parts of
         | the book where they hadn't filled in the script - "a book on
         | film." I loved it.
        
       | googlryas wrote:
       | Why does HN lie? There are comments in this thread saying they
       | were posted "18 hours ago" (eg from giraffe_lady), but I am
       | positive I read these comments 3 days ago on the same thread.
        
         | mattmanser wrote:
         | Might be some thread merging, dang sometimes does it, or might
         | be a newish automatic feature I haven't heard about.
         | 
         | Oddly, if you search the story name it says it was actually
         | posted 3 days ago, but directs tot his thread:
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...
         | 
         | You can email them and ask, email's in the faq. They do
         | respond.
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | it's a boost feature, which basically resets the clock for a
         | story (and since the ranking algorithm is influenced by newness
         | a lot, it pushes it back up)
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | Dang was just proud of me for not calling anyone a coward or
         | heretic in this one and wanted to make sure everyone saw.
        
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