[HN Gopher] Albert Einstein's theory of relativity in words of f...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Albert Einstein's theory of relativity in words of four letters or
       less (1999)
        
       Author : signa11
       Score  : 222 points
       Date   : 2025-04-14 05:22 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.muppetlabs.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.muppetlabs.com)
        
       | crooked-v wrote:
       | People talk about the 'good old days' of the web, but boy, in a
       | multi-tab environment it stucks to try and read something that
       | doesn't put any effort at all into side margins.
        
         | politelemon wrote:
         | Reader mode (FF) helps a lot here.
        
         | hexo wrote:
         | And yet, it is 1000 times more readable than any "modern"
         | website.
        
           | brettermeier wrote:
           | Hell no. Typograhy class Lesson 1, never put more than a
           | certain number of words per column (in any case never the
           | whole screen width, on desktops)...
        
             | Timwi wrote:
             | And yet, for some reason, most people want their tabs and
             | toolbars on the top, and the taskbar on the bottom, taking
             | away vertical space that is actually used, and leave
             | swathes of space on the left and right completely unused. I
             | will never understand the resistance against putting things
             | on the side.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | Probably because English is written left to right and
               | doesn't work so well top to bottom. So vertical bits tend
               | to not include text, which is quite limiting. I do
               | remember older UIs that included text at 90 degrees on
               | sidebars, but that seems to have gone completely out of
               | fashion.
               | 
               | The real problem is our screens are the wrong shape. 16:9
               | is a stupid aspect ratio for a computer monitor if you
               | work mostly with text. Square is probably the best. Using
               | floating windows (like classic Mac OSX) is an option, but
               | for some reason people like full screen windows these
               | days. A tiling window manager is another option to
               | effectively divide the screen up into better shaped
               | areas. I tend to have 6 columns across 2 screens which
               | works well.
        
               | creata wrote:
               | > 16:9 is a stupid aspect ratio for a computer monitor if
               | you work mostly with text.
               | 
               | Why? I also usually use it with three columns of text,
               | and it works well at that aspect ratio.
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | Right, so you essentially use mini 16:27 screens which is
               | a better aspect ratio than 16:9.
               | 
               | What you really have to ask yourself is why 16:9 is a
               | better choice than anything else. It wasn't picked
               | _because_ 3 16:27 columns is ideal for text. The main
               | reason we have them is because it 's easier for the
               | screen manufacturers to have just one aspect ratio to
               | deal with. With 16:9 we're forced to have three columns
               | per screen, but what if I only need two? What if I want
               | more _lines_ of text per screen? Square seems like a much
               | more obvious middle ground.
        
               | creata wrote:
               | That makes sense, thanks. I've seen people give similar
               | praise to 4:3 and 3:2 laptops.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | >The main reason we have them is because it's easier for
               | the screen manufacturers to have just one aspect ratio to
               | deal with.
               | 
               | Not just that, but it was an average of aspect ratios
               | considered for the _aesthetic of video_ data. Not text
               | presentation.
        
               | codingdave wrote:
               | > I will never understand the resistance against putting
               | things on the side.
               | 
               | It is a side effect of mobile devices -- Mobile-first
               | design. When apps got popular, people decided that
               | everything needed to be designed for mobile devices
               | first, and adjusted for larger browsers screens later. So
               | people started making everything tall and narrow. And
               | said it was bad practice to do otherwise. Now people who
               | learned UI design after those days often follow that
               | idea. Personally, I am not a fan, but that is where it
               | comes from.
        
         | nxpnsv wrote:
         | the lack of large video ads really is jarring too
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | I was hyper confused that I didn't need to hide ANY HTML
           | element.
           | 
           | Also, reader mode was not suppressed by some naughty trick.
           | 
           | Unreal.
        
             | nxpnsv wrote:
             | And what is the deal with functional scrolling?
        
             | empiko wrote:
             | It also did not ask about my cookie policy, how am I
             | supposed to tell the site my preferences? I just wrote them
             | via email to make sure.
        
               | subscribed wrote:
               | It depends on the purpose of the cookies:
               | https://www.blackboxdesign.co.uk/gdpr-do-i-need-a-cookie-
               | war... for in-depth answer.
        
         | dgoldstein0 wrote:
         | Works great on mobile, fwiw
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | What does multi-tab have to do with it? You are in control of
         | your computer aren't you? Just make the window narrower.
        
           | drivers99 wrote:
           | Or set the zoom to around 240-300%
        
         | creata wrote:
         | It's annoying for sure, but at least you can resize the window.
         | 
         | Side note: Dan Luu claims[0][1] that there's no readability
         | advantage to narrow line width. I haven't really looked into
         | it, but in my experience it _feels_ like he 's very wrong.
         | 
         | [0]: https://danluu.com/slow-device/ [Appendix: this site vs.
         | sites that don't work on slow devices or slow connections]
         | 
         | [1]: https://nitter.net/danluu/status/1115707741102727168
        
           | orlp wrote:
           | I'd suggest you not take readability advice from a guy who
           | uses a red-green color scheme for their tables.
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | He makes that claim because he doesn't like the sources, not
           | because the sources are wrong.
           | 
           | Reading the wikipedia references show me that this is well
           | studied and sourced.
           | 
           | Academic sources for his argument either dont exist or are so
           | rare even he can't find them.
           | 
           | IOW, it's a post hoc rationalisation from him.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | Open the "developer's tools", find the '<body>', inject a
         | 'margin' CSS - customize the page locally.
        
         | flysand7 wrote:
         | Folks, just for these kinds of websites I made an extension
         | that trims the body of the text to 80 characters. I don't have
         | a way to pay to get it on google's or firefox's extension
         | marketplace, so you'd have to install it from source.
         | 
         | https://github.com/flysand7/breader
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | Well I can see why you can't afford to put it on a
           | marketplace.
        
           | schneehertz wrote:
           | Just a suggestion
           | 
           | You can write this feature as a userscript and then publish
           | it to greasyfork
        
         | ghusto wrote:
         | We did have ways to create margins, you know :/ Aside from
         | simple CSS, you could still do it with pure HTML.
        
         | bslanej wrote:
         | Screens were much narrower then so constraining the width of
         | text was not necessary.
        
         | danadam wrote:
         | I have a bookmarklet, since forever, labelled "sane width",
         | with the following code:
         | javascript:(function(){var newSS, styles='body { width: 800px !
         | important; margin: auto !important } ';
         | if(document.createStyleSheet) {
         | document.createStyleSheet("javascript:'"+styles+"'"); } else {
         | newSS=document.createElement('link'); newSS.rel='stylesheet';
         | newSS.href='data:text/css,'+escape(styles);
         | document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(newSS); }
         | })();
         | 
         | It forces the body width to 800px and centers it. Crude but it
         | is enough for me.
        
         | TZubiri wrote:
         | I haven't checked and I don't know how it would render. But it
         | is worth noting that since this was designed against an earlier
         | version of css, it might render differently in older browsers.
         | 
         | For example, older monitors had less pixels, so it's likely
         | that the wrapping was sensible in older monitor/browser
         | configs.
         | 
         | To say nothing of browser defaults being different, if this was
         | pre-css, then the margins might have been baked into the
         | default browser interpretation. In other words, pre-margin
         | property, a webpage without margin didn't mean "this has no
         | margin", in the sense that a modern webpage without margin
         | specified would mean "DO NOT ADD MARGIN TO THIS!".
        
       | hkmaxpro wrote:
       | Reminds me of Yasha Berchenko-Kogan's excellent answer to the
       | question "What do grad students in math do all day?"
       | 
       | https://www.quora.com/Mathematics/What-do-grad-students-in-m...
       | 
       | > a bit like trying to explain a vacuum cleaner to someone who
       | has never seen one, except you're only allowed to use words that
       | are four letters long or shorter.
       | 
       | > What can you say?
       | 
       | > "It is a tool that does suck up dust to make what you walk on
       | in a home tidy."
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | Somehow the sequences of small words and ample syntax make this
         | sentence quite difficult to parse.
         | 
         | Maybe just go full pidgin:
         | 
         | "Tool to suck dust, make tidy for walk in home."
        
           | card_zero wrote:
           | Oh come on, this shit is easy. Why did they say "it is" and
           | not "it's", by the way? To put it that way can't help. So
           | yeah, it's a pipe that can suck, and you push it all over
           | your room, to suck the dust and dirt up off the rugs and
           | such, and in fact off of any low down flat part. One kind can
           | even move on its own! But what I want to say here, in the
           | main, is that you math guys have all lost your grip on how to
           | say any idea in an easy form. You are not able to do it any
           | more, 'cos too much math has made you sick in the head.
        
             | lgeorget wrote:
             | Nice one but "'cos" does not go by the rule, I feel. You
             | can use "for" at the same spot but, well, it has a tone you
             | did not go for in your text.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | One can also use "as" in that spot, no?
        
               | floxy wrote:
               | s/, 'cos/;/
        
           | saghm wrote:
           | I feel like there's still room to avoid pidgin while making
           | it less awkward, e.g.: "It's a tool that can suck up dust or
           | dirt to make your home more tidy."
        
           | neogodless wrote:
           | This version reminds me of _Poetry for Neatherthals_ (board
           | game).
           | 
           | You have to get others to guess a (typically multi-syllabic)
           | word or phrase, but use only one syllable words to get them
           | there.
           | 
           | "Tool suck dust, make not dirt for walk in home."
        
         | stevage wrote:
         | You don't need the awkward "does". I'd go with:
         | 
         | It is a tool to suck up dust and dirt from rugs, wood or even
         | tile.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | I liked that the original explained the value of the vacuum
           | cleaner. It's not that it removes dirt and dust _per se_ ,
           | it's that it makes spaces you walk on tidier.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | A tool to take away dust and dirt in the home.
        
           | pyfon wrote:
           | It suck shit up
        
             | efitz wrote:
             | As someone who's encountered the "pet-shit-on-the-floor"
             | problem, I can assure you that this description is
             | inaccurate.
        
             | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
             | Why use many word when few word do trick
        
       | jaynetics wrote:
       | Reminds me of "Gadsby", a 50.000 word novel without the letter
       | "e":
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadsby_(novel)
        
         | koiueo wrote:
         | I imagine LLMs would excel in this kind of writing these days.
         | 
         | But really impressive for the time.
        
           | chillitom wrote:
           | They'd probably sucks at a challenge like that because they
           | work on tokens and don't really see individual letters.
           | 
           | There was a post here a little while back asking AI models to
           | count the number of Rs in the word raspberry and most failed.
        
           | lvncelot wrote:
           | I think it's the exact opposite, as they operate on a token-
           | level, not a character level, which makes tasks like these
           | harder for them. So they would generate a sentence with
           | multiple _e_ s in it and just proclaim that they didn't.
           | 
           | (Just tried it, "write a short story of 12 sentences without
           | one occurence of the letter e" - it had 5 _e_ s.)
        
             | Timwi wrote:
             | You're assuming all you can do is prompt it. Surely you
             | could also constrain its output to tokens that genuinely
             | contain no e's (or make only max 4 letters per word). LLMs
             | actually output a probability distribution of next tokens;
             | ChatGPT just always picks the top one, but you could
             | totally just always filter that list by any constraint you
             | want.
        
               | lelag wrote:
               | I was going to point that out.
               | 
               | What I will add is that constrained generation is
               | supported by the major inference engine like llama.cpp,
               | vllm and the likes, so what you are describing is
               | actually trivial on locally hosted models, you just have
               | to provide a regex that prevent them to use the letter
               | 'e' in the output.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | You can do this more properly with the antislop sampler
               | and we are working on a follow up paper to our previous
               | work on this exact problem.
               | 
               | https://github.com/sam-paech/antislop-sampler
               | 
               | https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15926
        
               | JohnKemeny wrote:
               | But the problem is that the tokens are subwords, which
               | means that if you simply disallowed tokens with es, you'd
               | make it hard to complete a word given a prefix.
               | 
               | For example, it may start like this "This is a way to
               | solv-", or "This is th-"
        
               | lelag wrote:
               | If I understand it correctly, that's a valid concern but
               | the way structured generation library like outlines[1]
               | work is that they can generate multiple variants of the
               | inference (which they call beam search).
               | 
               | One beam could be "This is a way to solv-". With no
               | obvious "good" next token. Another beam could be "This
               | way is solv-". With "ing" as the obvious next token.
               | 
               | It will select the best beam for the output.
               | 
               | [1]:https://github.com/dottxt-ai/outlines
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | ... What if you retrained it from scratch, on an e-less
               | corpus?
        
               | JohnKemeny wrote:
               | Yes, that would probably work quite well, given enough
               | training data. However, I interpreted the question/claim
               | as a task that LLMs excell at, meaning that writing text
               | while avoiding a certain character is a task for a
               | general purpose LLM.
        
               | probably_wrong wrote:
               | I tried something like that some time ago. The problem
               | with that strategy is the lack of backtracking.
               | 
               | Let's say I prompt my LLM to exclusively use the letters
               | 'aefghilmnoprst' and the LLM generates "that's one small
               | step for a man, one giant leap for man-"[1]. Since the
               | next token with the highest probability ("-kind") isn't
               | allowed, it may very well be that the next appropriate
               | word is something really generic or, if your grammar is
               | really restrictive, straight up nonsense because nothing
               | fits. And then there's pathological stuff like "... one
               | giant leap for man, one small step for a man, one giant
               | leap for man- ...".
               | 
               | [1] Toy example - I'm sure these specific rules are not
               | super restrictive and "management" is right there.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | The next token is obviously "goes". (Any language model
               | that disagrees is simply wrong.)
        
               | JohnKemeny wrote:
               | I'm not sure if my chain's bein' yanked right now, but
               | surely you mean "gos"!?
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | The plural of mangoe is mangoes.
               | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mangoe
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | All the training data contains 'e's.
        
               | pyfon wrote:
               | That is not a counter point! The output has a probability
               | distribution so you can assing zero to any e-containing
               | token and scale everything else up accordingly.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | I think an LLM would do well on this if you gave it a
             | function that located words with an e so it could change
             | them.
        
           | probably_wrong wrote:
           | You don't need to go all the way to LLMs when a simpler
           | approach may do.
           | 
           | Here's a "What if?" on a very similar issue that uses Markov
           | chains: https://what-if.xkcd.com/75/
        
           | Der_Einzige wrote:
           | I wrote the relevant paper about this:
           | 
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15926
           | 
           | https://github.com/Hellisotherpeople/Constrained-Text-
           | Genera...
        
           | mock-possum wrote:
           | LLMs are usually shit at this kind of wordplay, they don't
           | understand the rules - words that begin or end or include
           | particular letters, words that rhyme, words with particular
           | numbers is syllables - they'll get it right more often than
           | wrong, _maybe_ , but in my experience they just aren't
           | capable catching wrong answers before returning them to the
           | reader, even if they're told to check their work.
        
         | isolli wrote:
         | I'd be curious to know if it was easier or harder (or perhaps
         | just as difficult) to write than the French equivalent. [0]
         | 
         | The Wikipedia article goes on to discuss interesting aspects of
         | how the book was translated in different languages, with
         | different self-imposed constraints.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Void
        
           | lelag wrote:
           | I can't say for certain, but I'd guess that writing without
           | the letter "e" is slightly more difficult in French than in
           | English. For one, "e" is a bit more common in French (around
           | 15% of all letters, versus about 12% in English). But more
           | importantly, French grammar adds extra challenges--like
           | gender agreement, where feminine forms often require an "e",
           | and the frequent use of articles like le and les, which
           | become unusable.
           | 
           | That said, I think the most impressive achievement is the
           | English translation of the French novel. Writing an original
           | constrained novel is hard enough, but translating one means
           | you can't just steer the story wherever you like. You have to
           | preserve the plot, tone, and themes of the original, all
           | while respecting a completely different set of linguistic
           | limitations. That's a remarkable balancing act.
        
         | vodou wrote:
         | Georges Perec did the same with his novel "La Disparition".
         | 
         | What is almost as impressive is that these novels (at least
         | Perec's) have been translated to other languages.
        
         | pyfon wrote:
         | 8 of them on the cover!
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Reads like it could have been AI generated.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Not in 1999.
        
       | ahazred8ta wrote:
       | For reference, Poul Anderson's 'Uncleftish Beholding' -- an essay
       | on atomic theory written in modernized anglo-saxon.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncleftish_Beholding
       | 
       | Up Goer Five; rocket science explained using only the one
       | thousand most common english words.
       | 
       | https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/1133:_Up_Goer_Fiv...
       | 
       | https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/Thing_Explainer
        
         | rootbear wrote:
         | I love "Uncleftish Beholding", which someone said is written in
         | "Anders-Saxon". I think it would be fun to do it live as a
         | Power-Point presentation.
        
       | TobTobXX wrote:
       | Reminds me also of the "Up Goer Five". An xkcd poster which
       | roughly explains Saturn V with only the top 1000 used words in
       | English[0]. Even better IMO is the collab video with
       | MinutePhysics[1].
       | 
       | [0]: https://xkcd.com/1133/
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p_8gx-XHJo
        
         | erk__ wrote:
         | Randall Munroe (of xkcd) went on to write a full book in that
         | style: https://xkcd.com/thing-explainer/
        
       | ActorNightly wrote:
       | The explanation still kinda sucks. I like this one:
       | 
       | The easiest way to understand the relationship between time and
       | space is repeat the thought experiment with the void, but assume
       | that there is no consciousness there (i.e nothing running that
       | can sense time passing).
       | 
       | Now imagine the only action you can take is to fire particles
       | (say photons) in a given direction. In a void, that action is
       | meaningless - the particle fires and never comes back. No
       | information exists.
       | 
       | Now imagine there is a mirror somewhere in space. A particle
       | fires, and then comes back. And maybe interacts with another
       | particle. But still, this is generally meaningless and you cant
       | derive any measurable thing from it, but you have a piece of
       | information - particle comes back.
       | 
       | Imagine there are 2 mirrors in different directions. What you do
       | is you set up 2 identical devices. Each one fires a particle, and
       | when the particle comes back, it triggers a certain color ball to
       | fall down a common shared tube, and then the particle gets fired
       | again.
       | 
       | So with 2 mirrors, you get a sequence in the tube that looks
       | something like blue, blue, blue, green, blue, blue, blue, green.
       | Now you can make a measure of distance. You take the "blue"
       | mirror as your unit, and say green mirror is 2 away.
       | 
       | You have also in fact created a clock. The tube contains
       | information on how many cycles have passed - i.e in order to say
       | that mirror is x away, you need to have counted x blue balls
       | before that respective ball shows up. So you can see how distance
       | and time is intimately intertwined. To measure distance, you have
       | to necessarily have something that measures time.
       | 
       | Now lets say that the "green" mirror starts moving away from you,
       | at a slow speed (i.e your particles are much faster. You start to
       | see 3 balls in sequence, then 4, then 5, and so on. By comparing
       | the difference in the subsequent position of the green balls, you
       | can measure speed.
       | 
       | What happens if the speed of the mirror is 99% of the particle
       | speed? The particle takes its sweet time getting there, and sweet
       | time coming back. Even if you fire the particle as the green
       | mirror is close to the particle emitter, its going to result in a
       | measurement of a very large distance.
       | 
       | This is the relativistic effect where the space behind something
       | moving fast increases.
       | 
       | This whole experiment demonstrates that what we consider space is
       | precisely defined by measurements, and relativistic effects alter
       | these measurements, which alters our perception of space.
       | 
       | You can do similar thought experiments to understand why space in
       | front of you seems to shrink, why time dilation becomes a thing,
       | and so on.
        
         | arijun wrote:
         | That explanation seems like it would not line up with the
         | mathematical reality of the situation. It seems like one of
         | those handwave-y things that always confused me as a child.
         | "Gravity is just massive objects deforming space like a weight
         | deforming a sheet, and things fall into the well they make." Ok
         | but what would make something fall into the well, there is no
         | gravity.
        
           | jdranczewski wrote:
           | That is a very good point! Gravity is just such an ingrained
           | intuition that people tend to be ok with saying things go
           | into the spacetime wells, but it is a little tautological.
           | 
           | My understanding is that a more correct intuition is thinking
           | of straight paths on the curved sheet. Say it's like a
           | loosely woven tablecloth - objects in free fall will go along
           | the threads of the weave, so if you stretch the fabric by
           | placing a heavy object on it, the paths of smaller objects on
           | the fabric will be stretched towards the heavy thing.
           | 
           | This metaphor falls apart for orbits though, as it requires
           | "stretching" the fabric so much that the threads now somehow
           | go in a circle around the mass heh. But the underlying
           | principle is the same - an object in orbit is in free fall
           | along a straight path in curved spacetime.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | In my explanation, if the particles trajectory can change,
             | you can see how gravity affects distortion of space. Its
             | not really that the space is some sort of entity that is
             | being distorted, its the concept of measuring what you
             | define as distance gets influenced by how these particles
             | fly about.
        
         | meindnoch wrote:
         | No. What you described is still 100% Galilean relativity.
         | Special relativity cannot be explained with Galilean
         | relativity.
        
           | ActorNightly wrote:
           | I guess I forgot to mention one fact - the particle speed is
           | set and constant, and does not change.
           | 
           | The point overall is to demonstrate that ideas of time,
           | space, and speed are all just sequences of events from which
           | you derive those metrics, and relativity is the fact that
           | those sequences change with all three.
        
         | lifeisstillgood wrote:
         | I think I get it ... kinda. Thank you.
        
         | notTooFarGone wrote:
         | Hi, as a person who can only read words with 4 or less
         | characters your explanation is really confusing
        
         | TZubiri wrote:
         | I personally don't find metaphorical explanations helpful,
         | especially considering this is not the only time I have heard
         | or will be hearing about relativity, so if I get another
         | explanation I will have to either map the concept of balls to
         | whatever metaphor another teacher uses, which is just more
         | work. I'm fine with using generic words like 'information',
         | which I can map more naturally to other explanation wordings
         | like 'signal'.
         | 
         | The same applies for explanations of bitcoin, or Machine
         | Learning, or stock markets, just use the proper wording,
         | difficulty, weights, secondary market. Metaphors are not
         | teaching.
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | Needs a (1999) tag
        
       | janpmz wrote:
       | I turned this into a little audio book:
       | https://www.pdftomp3.com/shared/67fcc7f933aa6c3115b114da
        
         | no_news_is wrote:
         | No, you didn't. This doesn't match the original text.
         | 
         | 0:47 Added in text: "Okay, here's the text prepared for reading
         | aloud."
         | 
         | 0:58
         | 
         | Original: "Okay, yes, it's a dumb idea,"
         | 
         | Audio: "Okay, yes, it's a bit of a strange idea"
         | 
         | 1:08
         | 
         | Original: "Or do you, say, list off to the left some? What I
         | want to ask you is: Can you find out? Hell no. You can see
         | that, sure."
         | 
         | Audio: "Or do you drift off to the left a bit? The question is,
         | can you figure it out? No, you can't. You can see that."
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | It appears you are using "Variational Lossy Autoencoder (VLAE)"
         | as the basis for your website[1], which might be good for
         | simplifying more complex things but defeats the purpose here.
         | It's using more than four letters in words, and censoring out
         | "dumb" and "hell"?
         | 
         | Why don't you try pointing that another explanation of the
         | theory of relativity without this limitation? Seems like that'd
         | be a more interesting exercise.
         | 
         | [1a] https://www.pdftomp3.com/shared/67e178f428779824db2e06c6
         | [1b] https://pdf-reader-storage-f55b8c51173224-staging.s3.us-
         | east...
        
           | janpmz wrote:
           | Ah, I just want to clarify that I'm very unhappy about the
           | censoring of "dumb" and "hell".
           | 
           | I allow the text to get slightly optimized for audio
           | experiences, e.g. page numbers or mathematical notation gets
           | replaced. But I have think about that again.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | OK, I'll give it a go...
       | 
       |  _" Any glow from an item will move in a void at the same rate.
       | Each item has mass. Mass is the same as a glow. Mass will bend
       | the area near it. Each item will move on a bent path in that
       | area. If you move at a fast rate, time will seem to slow. An item
       | will feel a pull down if the item goes up and does not stop."_
       | 
       | That's way more work than it seems! Not being able to use -s or
       | -er words is a real problem.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | This essay is fantastic at demonstrating that putting a word
       | length limit actually makes explaining things _more_ complicated.
       | I got lost at around chapter 5 because the author couldn 't use
       | words like "gravity" and "acceleration" and I got confused by
       | which one is "new pull" and which one is "old pull". It's too
       | bad, as it was interesting up to that point.
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | Of course you find it hard to distinguish the two! You don't
         | have equipment for measuring tidal forces, and they are locally
         | indistinguishable.
        
           | Alex-Programs wrote:
           | Of sure you find it hard to tell the two away! You lack the
           | gear for tide pull test, and they feel the same here and
           | local.
           | 
           | I hate this.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | The new pull and the old pull both just feel like a pull,
             | if you can only feel the pull at one spot. To see how the
             | old pull is not like the new pull, you have to test the
             | pull at a spot near you (but not the same spot), too. The
             | new pull will be the same at each spot, but the old pull
             | may not be the same (we call this the tide), and you test
             | the sum of the new and old pull.
             | 
             | (This is hard.)
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | It's fair that it's hard to keep the two from becoming the
             | same in your head, you need fancy stuff to test for the
             | force of the tide, and they are more or less the same from
             | a close-up (any which is much closer than, say, the moon)
             | view!
             | 
             | (Verbosity is your friend)
        
         | 4gotunameagain wrote:
         | > It's too bad
         | 
         | I think that's the whole point. It was never meant as being
         | easier to grok
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | What was it meant as?
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | A statement on the value of vocabulary, perhaps.
        
         | K0balt wrote:
         | There's a reason why vocabulary exists. It isn't to make things
         | harder to understand. Sometimes the best way to explain
         | something to someone with a limited vocabulary is to expand
         | their vocabulary in the process.
        
           | Finnucane wrote:
           | To expand the vocabulary, you'd still need to break down
           | 'gravity' and 'acceleration' into simpler words. Though still
           | easier without an arbitrary length limit. You could say,
           | "change in the speed a thing moves" but that needs five or
           | six letters.
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | It's an exercise. I would have much preferred using the 20k
         | most common words or something like that. The first thing that
         | came to mind is "elevator" which is where the equivalence
         | eureka comes from. It can be done in British English as "lift"
         | but difficult otherwise.
         | 
         | Elevators are cool like telephone booths. I've wondered what a
         | dog thinks using them for the first time, then accepting what
         | they do and how much they understand its geometries.
        
         | chuckadams wrote:
         | Reminds me of Guy Steele making the point about big languages
         | and small ones in his talk about Scheme. Started the whole
         | lecture using only one-syllable words then gradually defined
         | two-syllable words using only single syllables and so on.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | Ah, I take it that's "Growing a Language"?
        
         | malfmalf wrote:
         | There was a talk at a university, where the presenter used only
         | words of two or less SYLABLES , but he allowed himself to use
         | more complicated words after explaining them (but kept that to
         | a minimum).
         | 
         | I can't find either the author or the talk. I think it was some
         | 5 years ago.
         | 
         | At first, I thought it was Randall Munroe, but I might be
         | remembering this: https://xkcd.com/thing-explainer/
         | 
         | I've also tried with Paul Graham, who has some articles trying
         | to convey something similar, but no luck there.
         | 
         | Edited to add : I think the original proponent of a similar
         | idea was Richard Feynman :
         | https://www.hpcdan.org/reeds_ruminations/2022/03/understandi...
        
       | freetonik wrote:
       | It was interesting to notice that not all short words are
       | necessarily simple. Words like "void", "iota", "mass", or "veer".
        
         | patates wrote:
         | Thanks to Javascript, I know void.
         | 
         | Thanks to Go, I know iota.
        
           | johannes1234321 wrote:
           | The question is: Do you know the words or do you know the
           | meaning in the context of the article?
        
             | adityaathalye wrote:
             | They demonstrate they know 'veer' (off topic) without
             | saying 'veer'.
        
           | mjbrusso wrote:
           | Now I feel old. I know void from K&R C and iota from APL
        
           | moomin wrote:
           | Thanks to Java, I know pain.
        
       | robinhouston wrote:
       | On the theme of difficult ideas explained using a limited
       | vocabulary, I suppose one has to mention xkcd's Thing Explainer
       | as well as George Boolos's classic _Godel's Second Incompleteness
       | Theorem Explained in Words of One Syllable_:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing_Explainer
       | 
       | https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/BoolosOneSyllable.pdf
        
       | Der_Einzige wrote:
       | I wrote the OG paper about making LLMs do this task (before
       | chatGPT came out too!!!)
       | 
       | https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15926
        
       | blueaquilae wrote:
       | This is kinda confusing at it's more for people who already know
       | the meaning. Take the bus exemple, it's so short that it skip
       | explaining why someone on a moving bus will see different timing
       | for the asteroid landing. You can decipher it if you know it,
       | you'll not gonna learn from the story line.
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | Four letters is an interesting constraint, but it doesn't
       | guarantee simplicity. I'd replace
       | 
       | > no one can say who's held fast
       | 
       | with "no one can what does move and what does not"
        
       | andrepd wrote:
       | I'm patiently waiting for the translation of Misner Thorne and
       | Wheeler to Toki Pona.
        
       | 77pt77 wrote:
       | len("gravity") = 7 > 4
        
       | api wrote:
       | I'm not sure if this is physically accurate, but the best
       | description I've encountered for relativity is:
       | 
       | You are always traveling at the same speed. That speed is 'c',
       | the speed of light.
       | 
       | If you are sitting still, you are 'falling' through the time
       | dimension at 'c'. If you move in the X,Y,Z dimensions, you must
       | move slower in the 't' dimension so that your velocity vector
       | still sums to 'c'.
        
         | quibono wrote:
         | An immediate follow-up is: why do we always travel at c?
        
           | api wrote:
           | Maybe it's just a cosmic constant, or a result of other
           | parameters and how they interact (a second order constant).
           | Why does the electron have the mass that it does? Why do
           | protons have the charge that they do? Etc.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | I was thinking this morning how weird it is that everyone knows
       | who Einstein was
       | 
       | But much smaller percent Niels Bohr
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr%E2%80%93Einstein_debates
        
       | andai wrote:
       | I appreciate this, though the hard rule seems to be doing more
       | harm than good. For example, one 5-letter word became 6 words,
       | because 5-letter words aren't allowed!
       | 
       | So while the vocabulary is kept low, the writing style becomes
       | harder to process, at least for me. I wonder if there's a way to
       | win on both fronts, to make it maximally comprehensible for all
       | involved.
       | 
       | I'd argue "use normal words that everyone knows" (even if they
       | are 5 letters!) would be included in such a strategy.
       | 
       | Edit: Okay now I made it further in and I'm being asked to keep
       | several different perspectives in my head simultaneously,
       | perceiving different events at different rates of time... I think
       | I need a diagram... or a microdose...
        
         | lgeorget wrote:
         | Several variants of simplified English have been designed for
         | the purpose of being understood by learners or people with only
         | basic command of English as a foreign language. Wikipedia has a
         | version in Simple English for instance:
         | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_English_Wikipedia.
        
       | TZubiri wrote:
       | Fun fact, this is a great piece of art because it was written in
       | 1999.
       | 
       | If you were to write this in 2025, it would be indistinguishable
       | from trash.
       | 
       | So many doors are closing.
        
       | michaelsbradley wrote:
       | Or, if you want to learn the core ideas and math involved, but in
       | terms of computer programming, see:
       | 
       |  _Functional Differential Geometry_ by Gerald Sussman, same
       | author behind _Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs_
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/FunctionalDifferentialGeometry/
        
       | FilosofumRex wrote:
       | "It's tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat
       | everything as if it were a nail." Maslow 1966. The essay is about
       | physics, but all comments are about formatting and LLMs.
       | 
       | The conversationalist tone of the essay is misleading too.
       | Hilbert, Minkowski, & Poincare, had done all the heavy lifting
       | math and had held Einstein's hand all through 1915. As
       | mathematicians they wouldn't qualify for Noble prize so made no
       | claim to the discovery of GR.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-04-14 23:01 UTC)