[HN Gopher] The AI magic behind Sphere's upcoming 'The Wizard of...
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       The AI magic behind Sphere's upcoming 'The Wizard of Oz' experience
        
       Author : radeeyate
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2025-04-09 13:38 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.google)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.google)
        
       | sema4hacker wrote:
       | An actual video example would have helped, but nothing to see
       | here.
        
         | DoctorOW wrote:
         | > On August 28, their work will debut at Sphere
         | 
         | Probably isn't done yet
        
         | CharlesW wrote:
         | There are examples in this video: https://youtu.be/f01dsTigSmw
        
           | AIPedant wrote:
           | Man... I wrote a comment about how this project sounded
           | tasteless and awful, but this is somehow much worse than I
           | was expecting. The scene with the Wizard made me want to
           | throw my tablet.
           | 
           | Also, did they upscale the frame rate to 48fps??? Hard to
           | tell from the video, but it looks like that's the case. If so
           | these people are ridiculous hacks and should never be allowed
           | to touch another classic film. ("24fps would be disorienting
           | on such a large screen!" Maybe that's a sign this project
           | should have never left the boardroom.)
        
             | Ukv wrote:
             | > Also, did they upscale the frame rate to 48fps??? Hard to
             | tell from the video, but it looks like that's the case. If
             | so these people are ridiculous hacks and should never be
             | allowed to touch another classic film.
             | 
             | Doesn't seem like it'd be an unreasonable choice to me if
             | it's done well (I didn't notice any interpolation
             | artifacts, checking through frames). People going to see a
             | film at the Sphere probably aren't format purists expecting
             | to see an entirely faithful and untouched version of the
             | film, but rather a version adapted to take full advantage
             | of the unusual medium.
        
             | qingcharles wrote:
             | I think it's hard to tell about the FPS. The video is
             | recorded in 60fps, so it might be causing the recorded
             | footage to look higher FPS.
        
           | ipsum2 wrote:
           | Wow, it looks better than I expected.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | Yikes, the parallax distortion is severe, especially when the
           | camera pans. The metal wheel doesn't even look round.
           | Unfortunately, the person shooting this video with their
           | phone didn't zoom out to extreme wide angle to show what's
           | going on in most of the field of view. The video looks like
           | maybe a 60-70 degree slice out of the 165 degree Sphere
           | screen. Of course, we already know the answer has to be:
           | nothing. Nothing is going on in most of the screen.
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | This is absolutely incredible. I'm actually blown away by how
           | good this looks and the technical challenges of making this
           | happen. Fantastic work.
        
       | leptons wrote:
       | AI, huh? So will Dorothy have 5 fingers or 8 fingers on each
       | hand?
        
         | ohgr wrote:
         | And there I was looking forward to 6 hotdogs for fingers.
        
         | adzm wrote:
         | Actually pretty neat how quickly this joke became anachronistic
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | The NASCAR layout was pretty nuts and Anema (EDM) robot guy leaps
       | off a cliff
        
       | Xcelerate wrote:
       | > "When the request came to us, I was almost jumping up and
       | down," says Dr. Irfan Essa, a principal research scientist at
       | Google DeepMind and director of its Atlanta lab.
       | 
       | Wait, what? When did Google DeepMind open an Atlanta office? That
       | seems like a news story in and of itself... maybe I've been under
       | a rock the last few years.
        
       | actuallyalys wrote:
       | This article is kind of strange to me because it implies
       | celluloid film is low quality, but it seems there's a rough
       | consensus that you can can scan that size of film in to create
       | good 4K video, if not higher. That's not enough for the Sphere's
       | full 16K resolution, but that's more to do with it having
       | extremely high resolution than the film being "tiny" or grainy.
        
         | chungy wrote:
         | There is a 4K Blu-ray of the film, I have a copy, it looks
         | wonderful :)
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Celluloid film from 1939 is good, but not _that_ good.
         | 
         | I mean it's perfectly watchable on a 1080p display, but in 4K
         | it's nowhere near the kind of 4K quality you get with modern
         | digital cameras with modern lenses. Sure you can watch it its
         | 4K scan (heck, they scanned it in 8K), but most of those pixels
         | above 1080p are just showing you film grain and blur. Which is
         | nice in terms of looking like it would with a real projector!
         | But it's not "4K quality" in terms of resolvable detail.
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | I can answer this as I did some scanning work for Universal. It
         | depends on a number of factors, including how the frame is
         | rendered onto the celluloid (e.g. is it cropped). From my
         | experience, 4K was the absolute edge you could pull from the
         | best 35mm films. Most of the time it was really "3.5K" with a
         | 4K sticker on it.
         | 
         | I managed to pull 8K from some 70mm ride footage. I think it
         | might have stretched to 10K if I'd had the equipment.
         | 
         | Wizard of Oz is 3x35mm for the color scenes, though. So, in
         | theory you could use some clever algorithm to almost certainly
         | create 8K transfers from it by using the tiny differences
         | between the three frames.
        
       | invisible wrote:
       | They showed a bit of this with a high production video of "how we
       | did it" on Tuesday. The outpainting was amazing, details looked
       | crisp, physics sim was pretty good, and the continuity for actors
       | was good. The amount of tech they had to create and manage for
       | the project is remarkable on its own.
       | 
       | There were some perspective and lighting issues, and a few small
       | glitchy artifact moments. They probably showed about 5 minutes of
       | footage from various parts of the movie.
        
       | AIPedant wrote:
       | > Take the moment where the Cowardly Lion first pounces on his
       | soon-to-be companions. The camera pans back and forth between the
       | Scarecrow and Tin Man, with cuts to Dorothy hiding behind a tree
       | in the distance. The experience at Sphere called for keeping all
       | these elements together, in hyper-realistic detail.
       | 
       | This sounds _awful,_ as if Google thinks direction and editing
       | are technological limitations rather than artistic choices. This
       | entire project seems fit for a culture that loves content and
       | hates art. If these tasteless jokers ever do this to _Stalker_ I
       | will probably riot. ("Carefully composed shots is for
       | anachronistic dweebs, our society demands an Experience Like No
       | Other.")
       | 
       | > Every change, Hays notes, was made in close collaboration with
       | Warner Bros., to ensure continuity with the spirit of the
       | original.
       | 
       | Considering Warner Bros. Discovery's track record is 3 years of
       | selling out their own directors and writers, I would be more
       | confident if Google were left to their own devices! DeepMind
       | likely has more respect for the film than Warner Bros.
       | management.
        
         | skwirl wrote:
         | Nobody going to the sphere is expecting the 1939 theater
         | experience. And nobody has truly had that experience for 85
         | years in any case. This movie is 10 years from being in the
         | public domain, and would have been decades ago if not for the
         | lobbying of moneyed interests. Perhaps it's time to stop
         | clutching pearls and, if you don't like what they are doing at
         | the sphere, just don't go see it.
        
           | AIPedant wrote:
           | I didn't say they shouldn't be allowed to do it, and the only
           | thing I said about "the theater experience" was sneering at
           | the idea. I am talking about the film itself, and saying that
           | these edits to the film are tasteless trash. Claiming I'm
           | "clutching at pearls" is a bad faith insult - my point is
           | this shit fucking sucks!
           | 
           | David Lynch used ML to remaster _Inland Empire_ , which was
           | shot on a digital camcorder and was simply too dark and
           | blurry. This was an excellent use of the technology. Blowing
           | up _The Wizard of Oz_ for the sake of tech bros and tourists
           | is a terrible use of the technology.
        
             | happyopossum wrote:
             | > as if Google thinks direction and editing are
             | technological limitations
             | 
             | "Google" isn't making the artistic decisions here - there's
             | a full production staff from the studio doing that. Google
             | is making what they ask for.
             | 
             | >I am ... saying that these edits to the film are tasteless
             | trash
             | 
             | Making such a claim with zero knowledge or experience is a
             | pretty bold move - how are you so confident here?
             | 
             | While I didn't get to see the private preview shown at the
             | sphere this week, I've spoken to about a dozen people who
             | did and they were all very positive about it.
        
         | bonoboTP wrote:
         | > in hyper-realistic detail
         | 
         | Last time I heard this kind of talk, they butchered Lion King
         | with the CGI remake. Getting similar vibes here.
         | 
         | Or when DVDs introduced that feature where you could switch
         | camera angles. Well, turns out you don't want to do that
         | because selecting the angle is part of the storytelling. So the
         | feature basically died.
         | 
         | The "bottleneck" for movies is not so much the realism. There
         | are strongly diminishing returns going from filmstrips* to
         | movies to color films to HD to 4K to 3D, at each step you gain
         | less and less. The core is still the story, the characters, the
         | worldbuilding etc.
         | 
         | We see the same thing with video games. Until sometime in the
         | 2000s, we would always ask about a new game "how is the
         | graphics?", and we'd marvel at the new graphics capabilities.
         | This is not really that big of a thing any more. Going from GTA
         | 3 to 4 to 5 didn't increase the fun in proportion to the
         | graphics quality. I mean, just look at the popularity of
         | minecraft.
         | 
         | The real problem is that the entertainment industry is bankrupt
         | creativity-wise. They have no idea how to make really new
         | stuff. Everything is a remake. Note that they aren't
         | introducing this new medium with a new story, they are
         | refurbishing an old movie.
         | 
         | *filmstrips used to be kinda like a slideshow where you'd
         | insert film into a projector and manually twist a knob to go to
         | the next one, each slide showing a still frame and some text,
         | telling a story. Fun times as a kid, not sure if it was as big
         | in places other than the Eastern Bloc countries. Like here
         | https://kultura.hu/uploads/media/default/0003/04/thumb_20396...
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | > The real problem is that the entertainment industry is
           | bankrupt creativity-wise. They have no idea how to make
           | really new stuff.
           | 
           | It's about financial risk calculation. They aren't willing to
           | take a bath on a flop. They're doing these things because
           | it's financially less risky.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | > There are strongly diminishing returns going from
           | filmstrips* to movies to color films to HD to 4K to 3D, at
           | each step you gain less and less.
           | 
           | I agree. For cinematic content viewed in a theater or in a
           | living room couch context, going from analog SD to digital HD
           | was huge. Going from HD (2K) to 4K can be good but the
           | quality is mostly from more bits being devoted to the
           | compression than from the extra pixels. Most theatrical
           | digital presentation is in DCP format and still 2k and people
           | think it looks great.
           | 
           | Other video engineering things most people don't know:
           | 
           | * Well done HDR10 (or Dolbyvision) can contribute hugely to
           | image quality. For example, I'd choose a 2K movie in HDR10
           | every time over the same movie in 4K without HDR.
           | 
           | * Theatrical 3D presentation is generally pretty bad and
           | should be avoided if you care about visual quality. It's
           | often around half the brightness and half the resolution and
           | yet costs more. Even if done ideally, the end effect doesn't
           | deliver anything like how your eyes actually see a real
           | environment. The details get technical but theatrical 3D
           | projection is an unnatural artificially constructed effect
           | that's just weird. People claiming "It looked _just like_
           | reality! " just shows the power of the placebo effect and
           | suggestion, because objectively measured, it's just not.
           | Famous directors don't usually come out against theatrical 3D
           | the way they do against some other things. The reason is 3D
           | is a pricey up sell that's mostly all margin, so it generates
           | serious money but, privately, they despise 3D from both a
           | quality and aesthetic viewpoint.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I try to watch silent films, but I just don't like:
       | 
       | 1. reading dialog cards, especially since I can lip read a bit
       | and that's not what the characters are saying
       | 
       | 2. the truly awful "period" music added
       | 
       | 3. the grainy black and white
       | 
       | I've seen some work on the 1929 film "Wings" that was done in
       | high def, sound effects were added, and some small colorization
       | of scenes.
       | 
       | I'd like to take that further:
       | 
       | 1. remove graininess and fuzziness with AI, and of course all
       | scratches, etc.
       | 
       | 2. add foley sound effects
       | 
       | 3. replace dialog cards with dubbed dialog, lip read if possible
       | 
       | 4. add a decent music sound track (Like what was done with
       | "Metropolis")
       | 
       | 5. colorize it!
       | 
       | These are all very doable today, as I've seen each done in a
       | small way.
       | 
       | Why should we suffer all the limitations of silent movies? I just
       | want to enjoy it, not suffer.
        
         | cowmix wrote:
         | OTOH, artistic choices were made at the time with these
         | limitations in mind.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Nobody's taking anything away if you want to watch the
           | original form.
           | 
           | Besides, how many movies in the last 50 years are made in
           | B+W, use title cards, have a soundtrack of someone plinking
           | on a pipe organ, are fuzzy and grainy, etc?
           | 
           | Most people won't even watch a B+W movie, let alone a silent
           | one.
           | 
           | P.S. Reddit has a subreddit for colorized photos. There is
           | some amazing work done there. It really makes the photos more
           | interesting. My wallpaper is showing one right now.
        
       | mrandish wrote:
       | As someone with a background in both film and video production
       | technologies (as well as being a high-end home theater projection
       | enthusiast) I think this project is doomed to be terrible - and
       | not just on aesthetic grounds but also technically (I'll explore
       | why it's technically doomed in the next paragraphs). But first,
       | what _might_ be good about this? Well, it might be interesting
       | seeing how well they get AI video to maintain consistency of
       | elements between shots. The article is vague but, extrapolating,
       | I assume they probably composited multiple establishing and
       | master shots along with production stills and set schematics to
       | stitch together extended master environment reference plans. Then
       | 3D artists modeled, textured and lit photo-real versions of these
       | extended environments to match the stitched reference material.
       | Those were then used as fine-tuning to constrain the AI
       | outpainting to that ground truth. It might be interesting to see
       | these techniques used to extend the original WoZ 4:3 aspect to a
       | 2.4:1 widescreen format. However, I think it 's going to be a
       | disaster because they're extending the outpainting to encompass
       | the Sphere's _extreme_ 165 degree horizontal field of view.
       | Pushing that far will derail any aesthetic or technical value the
       | project may have had.
       | 
       | The biggest technical problem is a 165 degree FOV is not just
       | ill-suited for theatrical storytelling, it's actively harmful
       | because it significantly constrains the compositional and
       | creative choices a director and cinematographer can make.
       | Historically, Hollywood has experimented with a variety of wider
       | (or taller) than typical cinematic formats including Omnivision,
       | Circle-Vision 360, MagnaVision, Cinerama, IMAX and many others.
       | Over many decades of experimentation, it became clear that, for
       | cinematic storytelling, formats up to around 2.5:1 were mostly
       | upside assuming the costs and space could be supported. Extra-
       | wide formats like Cinerama and IMAX had creatively useful upsides
       | but came with some significant downsides which could be minimized
       | with careful handling. Ultra-wide formats like Omnivision,
       | Circle-Vision and, now, Sphere, were primarily useful _only_ for
       | theme parks and short  "You Are There"-type features such as
       | Disneyland's Circle-Vision Grand Canyon tour. It can be helpful
       | to refer to the reference chart on this page showing the
       | different FOVs in a typical theater overlaid with the SMPTE, THX
       | and 20th Century Fox recommended FOVs.
       | https://acousticfrontiers.com/blogs/articles/home-theater-vi...
       | 
       | Experimentation showed that ultra-wide formats, which are more
       | than double typical cinematic FOVs and originally developed for
       | world fairs, are simply ill-suited to cinematic storytelling. In
       | addition to audience fatigue during longer run-times, significant
       | technical challenges of optical distortion, and high costs -
       | perhaps the worst part was the director losing much of the
       | ability to signal to the audience what's important through
       | framing and composition. This signal channel between the director
       | and audience usually goes unnoticed by most viewers but it's a
       | profoundly important storytelling tool for directors and
       | cinematographers. To be fair, I do think immersive/surround
       | visual formats _can_ be useful in the context of a theme park
       | attraction, amusement ride, VR headset or interactive gaming.
       | They just don 't work well for cinematic storytelling - like
       | Wizard of Oz. It's a good tool being used for the wrong job.
       | 
       | Recently, I screened the "Postcards from Earth" movie at the
       | Sphere. This movie was created specifically to launch the Sphere
       | and is their featured demo. And they indeed struggled mightily
       | with the issues I've outlined. Ultimately, they chose to mostly
       | not use more than about a 60 degree slice from the center of
       | their 165 degree canvas, at least for anything significant to the
       | story. All that very expensive, compromise-causing extended FOV
       | was relegated to ambient scenic support except for a few brief
       | "stunts" where some large object would arrive from overhead or an
       | edge. But even those would quickly move from being at the edges
       | (and too close/big), to exist in the center 60 degrees like
       | everything else. Also, Sphere content must strictly limit any
       | camera panning, tilting or side dollying to avoid causing motion
       | sickness.
       | 
       | The issues I've outlined above are primarily "Production"
       | problems with Ultra-Wide FOVs, however the extreme format also
       | causes significant "Presentation" problems. These presentation
       | problems come from the Sphere going all-in on creating such a
       | large, extremely wide-angle, wrap-around presentation that fills
       | the entire visual field for 17,000 seats. Unfortunately, choosing
       | that "feature" as the top priority requires other important tech
       | aspects of visual presentation like contrast, dynamic range and
       | resolution to be significantly compromised. A key problem is that
       | the wrap-around screen being 165 degrees causes it to illuminate
       | itself nuking the contrast. The sides down near the horizon line
       | are opposite and shining directly at each other. Another
       | significant issue is that it's almost impossible to shoot or
       | present real-world camera content able to fill the entire 165
       | degree Sphere screen with a single natural image. As near as I
       | could tell, the entire Postcards from Earth movie doesn't contain
       | even a single full-screen frame that was shot with one camera.
       | It's all CGI with occasional real-world camera shots composited
       | into small frames within the wrap-around CGI field. This is
       | because it's incredibly challenging (if not entirely impossible)
       | to photograph a single image that wide and tall while keeping the
       | perspective from being severely distorted. During the "Planet
       | Earth"-type scenes, the director clearly had to go to great
       | effort to keep any real-world object with straight lines from
       | getting too big. On top of the significant cinematic,
       | compositional and tech issues, the content of Postcards from the
       | Earth is also weak. The story was trite, shop-worn and heavy-
       | handed. The acting, music, cinematography, etc was overall weak -
       | basically what I'd call "pretty good for a video game cut scene
       | but certainly not AAA cinema grade."
       | 
       | In terms of nice things to say... well, the audio presentation
       | wasn't bad. By which I mean, it wasn't great but it was
       | impressively good for that huge of a space dominated by a massive
       | non-parabolic reflector. Basically, the massive size and unusual
       | shape of the space make it extremely challenging to provide a
       | decent audio field to the majority of seats. IMHO, the audio
       | engineering team over-achieved in the degree to which they're
       | able to address many of those challenges. There are a huge number
       | of tuned speakers hidden behind the acoustically semi-transparent
       | screen driven by a lot of DSP power. Very expensive and
       | technically quite difficult. Unfortunately, the resulting audio -
       | while technically impressive given the significant constraints,
       | still isn't nearly as good as a well-tuned flagship Dolby Atmos,
       | THX-certified theater in Hollywood or Manhattan. Another
       | unfortunate aspect is the perforations in the screen required to
       | enable the audio transparency further reduce the screen's ability
       | to generate peak nits of brightness.
       | 
       | If you want to experience today's highest fidelity theatrical
       | imagery for cinematic storytelling, the Sphere isn't it. Sadly,
       | it's not even close (which makes the >$100 price for a bad movie,
       | presented poorly especially egregious). The best you can
       | experience today is visiting one of the 31 real IMAX cinemas (out
       | of 1700 IMAX branded screens (aka "LieMAX" screens)) but only
       | when they are showing a movie A) Distributed in the full 15 perf
       | / 70mm 2D IMAX format, and which was B) Specifically shot to
       | utilize the full 1.43:1 aspect ratio of the full IMAX format.
       | Unfortunately, that's a small minority of what's shown on those
       | 31 screens. Most films shown on IMAX screens weren't really shot
       | specifically for full 1.43 IMAX format (which is super tall
       | compared to normal cinema aspect), so they're just open gate
       | (unmasked) versions of films primarily framed and lit for typical
       | wide format exhibition (like 2.39:1). Also, avoid anything shown
       | in 3D because the 3D projection process (whether IMAX or not)
       | always significantly reduces brightness, contrast and resolution
       | vs 2D projection.
        
       | imhoguy wrote:
       | Maybe Jodorowsky could make his Dune adaptation finaly that way?
       | They have enough painted material to feed AI.
        
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