[HN Gopher] Lead is still bad for your brain
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Lead is still bad for your brain
        
       Author : lentoutcry
       Score  : 91 points
       Date   : 2025-04-11 08:15 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (neurofrontiers.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (neurofrontiers.blog)
        
       | damnitbuilds wrote:
       | I live with children in a very old house. I would love to be able
       | to measure my children's lead exposure and check things like
       | window paint or house dust for lead content to see how big a
       | problem there is.
       | 
       | How do I do that?
        
         | lmpdev wrote:
         | I was working part time in copper fabrication and had some
         | potential lead exposure
         | 
         | You can ask your doctor, it was just a blood test
         | 
         | It was free but I'm Australian
         | 
         | Came back zero
        
         | rietta wrote:
         | You can request blood lead labs done through your doctor.
         | People who work in industry and competition shooters and such
         | will get that done to track.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Competition shooters? They're not likely to touch lead,
           | unless they fatally disobey shooting range safety rules.
           | 
           | Now the people manufacturing the bullets for those
           | competition shooters... they need lead tests.
        
             | lionkor wrote:
             | Doesn't some of the lead end up in the air?
        
             | rietta wrote:
             | It's not obvious, but practice enough at indoor ranges or
             | reload your own competition ammo long enough. I have heard
             | firsthand accounts from shooters who at some point weren't
             | feeling well, got tested, and found out they needed to be a
             | lot more careful with their lead exposure.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Interesting. I'm obviously not from a shooting culture :)
        
               | rietta wrote:
               | Don't be hard on yourself. None of us are born with this
               | knowledge :-)
               | 
               | If you ever shoot, just remember it is a really good idea
               | to wash your hands afterwards (using the dlead soap if
               | possible). It is not a bad idea to have a change of
               | clothes and to wash your clothes right away as well.
        
             | mmillin wrote:
             | A small amount of lead makes its way out of the chamber in
             | the form of dust and fumes after shooting. It's quite easy
             | to breath this in or get it on your hands and accidentally
             | ingest it. Not enough to matter for someone who
             | occasionally goes to the range, but significant for those
             | shooting nearly daily, especially if shooting indoors.
        
             | esseph wrote:
             | A lot of primers have lead, and the dust ends up in the
             | air.
        
           | storf45 wrote:
           | I've more recently have gotten into competition shooting and
           | it is definitely something to be aware of because it can
           | easily slip into concerning exposure levels. A Reddit group
           | I'm in just had a guy find out he was over exposed. Here's
           | the post:
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/nass/comments/1jtrzm7/lead_levels/
        
             | rietta wrote:
             | Congratulations on getting into competition! I started
             | competing and intentionally practicing to get better about
             | 4 years ago after a long time of being a safe but casual
             | shooter. In the last year I have won some major Glock-
             | sponsored GSSF matches - 1st place Amateur out of 140 at
             | their national championship Talladega, AL. One more win and
             | they are going to bump me to master class. I do not reload
             | my own ammo so I have less lead exposure there. I am very
             | careful with my range routine though. I have dedicated
             | cross trainer shoes as my range shoes that I put in a
             | plastic bag in the trunk of the car on the way home. I wash
             | my hands with the dlead soap right away (have wipes in my
             | bag for outdoor use). Finally, I put my clothes directly in
             | the wash when I get home to reduce tracking anything inside
             | particularly since I have small children at home.
        
               | storf45 wrote:
               | That's awesome and congrats on the success so far! Smart
               | move on the lead precautions. I need to get some of the
               | wipes for my bag!
        
         | djohnston wrote:
         | There are test kits for at-home usecases like paint and stuff -
         | I think they're pretty reliable. For exposure, you can get
         | blood tests at your GP. They might be absurdly expensive if
         | you're in America, but maybe next time you travel to Europe you
         | can pay privately and get a better deal.
        
           | leguminous wrote:
           | Some US states require lead screening (blood tests) for
           | babies and toddlers. In that case they are covered by
           | insurance. My son has been tested once so far.
        
           | edwcross wrote:
           | I'm in Europe and I see no way to get such tests. Other than
           | lying and saying that you are at risk of contamination ("My
           | hobby was glassworking"), I never saw any kind of test that
           | you could pay yourself. Everywhere the government says "100%
           | reimbursed", but you cannot even order one by yourself unless
           | you have a good reason.
           | 
           | So, I don't even know if it's expensive or not.
        
             | giardini wrote:
             | A friend got a routine physical and blood screening last
             | week and to my surprise it included testing for lead
             | acetate. I've never seen that before.
        
           | jerlam wrote:
           | In the US, you can get a lead test directly through Quest
           | Diagnostics, without going through your physician or
           | insurance, if you are near a testing center. Probably costs
           | less too.
        
         | hyencomper wrote:
         | You can buy a Lead Test Kit and check it yourself
         | https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-test-kits
        
         | oftenwrong wrote:
         | For the house, hire a professional inspector who will use an
         | x-ray fluoresence meter and dust test strips. You want a
         | professional because they will be more thorough, and check
         | things that you would not know to check.
         | 
         | To test your children's exposure, you can have their blood
         | tested. They may very well be exposed from sources other than
         | your house
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | As the other commenter mentioned, you can buy at-home testing
         | kits. But what you really want is to hire a lead testing and
         | remediation company. We also live in an old house and we spent
         | a huge amount of time applying "lead block" paint and replacing
         | older windows (disastrous for lead dust because of the
         | friction) and some older pipes. You may also want to test your
         | outdoor soil, because older houses near roads will accumulate
         | lead paint in soil due to years of traffic fumes, plus lead
         | dust from the exterior of the house. Kids will sometimes eat
         | dirt, don't ask me how I know. (Also: regular blood lead tests
         | for your young kids! If you live in an older city this will be
         | standard.)
         | 
         | Also if you do any construction that disturbs old paint
         | (demolition, window replacement) be careful to seal off the
         | area using plastic, then clean it carefully with disposable
         | wipes.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | _> You may also want to test your outdoor soil, because older
           | houses near roads will accumulate lead paint in soil due to
           | years of traffic fumes, plus lead dust from the exterior of
           | the house._
           | 
           | You also want to do this if you're going to be growing
           | anything edible in your front or back yard.
        
         | theandrewbailey wrote:
         | While that's great, the downside is that if you know there's
         | lead in your house, you are obligated to clean it up, no matter
         | the cost. That's why when old houses are sold or rented, they
         | come with pamphlets warning of lead exposure, unless they are
         | certified free of lead, but few want to pay for that.
        
         | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
         | If you wish to do some of your own tests, vs using a service,
         | swab test kits have a reputation for being very poor quality
         | and unreliable. This led this gal to start a kind of one-woman
         | crusade on the topic:
         | 
         | https://tamararubin.com/2023/01/dont-panic-these-lead-test-k...
         | 
         | She recommends the american brand Scitus for swab test kits.
        
         | schneems wrote:
         | Look for a lead abatement company. The surface test kits only
         | test the surface. A dedicated company should have a X-ray
         | device that can determine if there is lead that has been
         | painted over. Also get soil tests since houses with lead paint
         | will have been scraped and that leads to lead going into the
         | soil around the house.
        
       | totetsu wrote:
       | > If you know there's lead somewhere in your community, try to
       | get involved and push for programs that limit its removal.
       | 
       | Programs that to have it removed? I think.
       | 
       | Also what would it be like to go through life knowing you had
       | lead disrupting your brain.
        
         | rufus_foreman wrote:
         | >> Also what would it be like to go through life knowing you
         | had lead disrupting your brain
         | 
         | That's pretty much anyone born before 1980 or so. We breathed
         | it every day and it coated every outdoor surface in every city.
        
       | gregwebs wrote:
       | This is a great article on the biology of lead exposure.
       | 
       | Unfortunately on the exposure side research wasn't done and it
       | propagates the myth that lead exposure is only an issue for those
       | with lead pipes or lead paint. It's true that these are the main
       | sources of severe lead exposure. However the article points out
       | that there is no safe level of exposure to lead and these aren't
       | the main ways we are exposed to lead in the US anymore.
       | 
       | Today we are mostly exposed by low level contamination and
       | thankfully this usually results in only mildly elevated lead
       | levels. In a toddler sticking things in the mouth this could be
       | almost any object. For adults it is food and drinks and the
       | objects we use to make them.
       | 
       | I know this because my toddler had elevated lead levels even
       | though our neighborhood never had lead paint and our water does
       | not have lead (I tested the water coming out of our faucets).
       | 
       | The US has few laws against lead contamination and they aren't
       | very stringent and there is little proactive enforcement. This
       | non profit has ended up creating several recalls after reporting
       | their own testing: https://tamararubin.com/category/recall/ Most
       | of the recalls were products marketed for children such as baby
       | bottles. But if a child eats off an adult plate there aren't any
       | laws against that being contaminated.
       | 
       | Some actions you can take are:                 * test children's
       | lead levels and your own       * make sure toddlers aren't
       | playing with old toys (pre 1978 really risky, after 2010 is best)
       | * stop buying things that have a prop 65 warning (I know prop 65
       | isn't perfect, but it's often a lead warning).       * Remove
       | risky objects like the above from your children's classrooms.
       | * For cooking and food and drinks use clear glass, stainless
       | steel, and cast iron       * avoid processed foods. There are a
       | lot of particulars here about what is most likely to be high in
       | lead. Chocolate, spices, salt, and cassava products are
       | particularly high in heavy metals.
        
         | dustincoates wrote:
         | There can even be lead in fruit pouches:
         | https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/news/outbreak-applesauce...
         | 
         | I'm far from crunchy, but this led me to start making my kids
         | pouches. They're more expensive per pouch, which was a bit
         | surprising, but it has the side benefits that we make the
         | pouches together (quality time) and I can control what goes in
         | (e.g., spinach, carrots, broccoli).
        
           | gregwebs wrote:
           | I am glad you are finding the time to avoid contaminated
           | industrial processed food.
           | 
           | In the apple sauce contaminations the apple sauce is always
           | cinnamon flavored. When tested for various heavy metals,
           | cinnamon usually has unsafe levels of heavy metal
           | contamination, and lead is usually one of the metals:
           | https://tamararubin.com/2024/12/six-cinnamon-products-chart/
           | 
           | There is widespread contamination in spices because the
           | machinery that processes most spices is made of metal with
           | lead. Some of the lead may be unintentional contamination,
           | but lead is also used intentionally because it is cheap and
           | useful. I believe it is useful for grinding, etc because when
           | used in an alloy the metal doesn't wear down as easily.
           | 
           | So if you want to replicate those apple sauce products
           | without heavy metal you would need to buy cinnamon sticks and
           | grate them yourself.
        
             | metalman wrote:
             | I am a metal worker, and a foodie, living on a farm, and
             | have experience and contacts in varios parts of the food
             | industry, and have never come across lead, in any food
             | relate items. As to alloying with lead, it has been used
             | historicaly to make steal easier to machine "free machining
             | steel" , but has no part in high strength or tool steels,
             | and the steels used in grinding machines are going to be
             | food grade..... even the grease in the bearings is food
             | grade silcone grease....got some in the shop.... Good
             | stainless wears for ever, so it is always used, at least
             | here in Canada. So back to the lead and heavy metals, and
             | how they are intentionaly added as "flavor enhansers" and
             | coulorants, and basicaly how crazy people are and will do
             | anything to steal a buck, but of course, not before passing
             | it.right! personaly I eat only food, I make from individual
             | single ingredients, prepared at home. The most complex food
             | I buy is cheese, and very rarely icecream, thats it.And
             | even then, there are things that just seem WRONG, like some
             | grapes, that had an impossible "floral" aftertaste that
             | lingered for hours......and now wont rot, sitting on top of
             | the fridge. I could go on at some length, about all of the
             | fraud in food, but Food is cheap, and there is no way to
             | impliment a system with continious checks and
             | investigations, that would guarantee quality and purity,
             | without quardrupling the price, and perversly, increasing
             | the incentive, to cheat.
        
             | wahnfrieden wrote:
             | are there lead-free spice sources
        
         | cge wrote:
         | >stop buying things that have a prop 65 warning (I know prop 65
         | isn't perfect, but it's often a lead warning).
         | 
         | That would seem to mean to stop buying an enormous number of
         | things. Extended to locations, it would mean not parking in any
         | enclosed parking lot, or entering a number of different stores.
         | It's not clear to me it's even possible to avoid everything
         | with a prop 65 warning. Unfortunately, the bad incentives
         | involved (private actions mean there is a risk for not putting
         | a warning if some law firm can try to argue to a court in a
         | civil action that you might be exposing people to something,
         | while at the same time there is no penalty or cost at all to
         | putting a completely unnecessary and bogus warning when you
         | don't actually know of any risk) make it so that the safest
         | option is just to put a warning.
        
           | gregwebs wrote:
           | Often times prop 65 is a lead issue. But perhaps most often
           | it means that the company doesn't want to bother testing for
           | lead rather than that the item definitely has lead.
           | 
           | With all things, be strategic- the importance of avoiding
           | prop 65 is relative to the likelihood of it ending up in the
           | body- so items in your kitchen, your garden, that young
           | children would touch.
        
           | wahern wrote:
           | There's a good episode of 99% Invisible that discusses Prop
           | 65, including an interview with the original author of Prop
           | 65, David Roe:
           | https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/warning-this-
           | podcast-...
           | 
           | Yes, there are a lot of problems with Prop 65, but the
           | podcast also highlights the benefits. Slapping a Prop 65
           | warning on foodstuffs in particular significantly decreases
           | sales, so it's not something you just do merely to avoid
           | extortionate lawsuits. It incentives testing beforehand, and
           | if you find contaminants to then reformulate. Notwithstanding
           | the seeming ubiquity of Prop 65 warning labels in California,
           | the salient effects are significant and largely hidden--you
           | don't notice all the products that _don 't_ have the label,
           | and don't _because_ they were reformulated to avoid the
           | label. Prop 65 was one of the most significant drivers in the
           | US of the removal of lead and other contaminants in products.
           | The author of the bill admits the unintended consequences
           | have been significant, especially harassment lawsuits, but he
           | also argues there aren 't really good alternatives that could
           | have achieved what Prop 65 has with a better cost/benefit
           | ratio.
           | 
           | Having an army of private lawyers vigorously prowling for
           | contaminants in products is a pillar of Prop 65's success.
           | You couldn't achieve what Prop 65 has with centralized
           | regulation, not without creating tremendous (i.e. costly in
           | time if not money) bureaucratic hurdles to creating and
           | selling products in the market. Prop 65 is a kind of "ask for
           | forgiveness" model, rather than "ask for permission". The
           | former is generally more preferable if you want to preserve
           | market dynamism and profitability, while also minimizing the
           | risk of regulatory capture, and lax, haphazard enforcement.
           | Moreover, you get the escape hatch of just adding a warning
           | label, without having to take your product off the market.
           | 
           | There is a centralized regulatory aspect to Prop 65--the
           | State of California's list of contaminants--subject to
           | typical bureaucratic and lobbying externalities. But on
           | balance Prop 65 seems defensible, however imperfect. After
           | listening to the podcast, which if anything leaned into Prop
           | 65 criticism, I softened my views on Prop 65.
        
             | leereeves wrote:
             | That's an interesting behind the scenes point of view. But
             | from a consumer point of view:
             | 
             | > you don't notice all the products that don't have the
             | label
             | 
             | ...because there are too many with it, so people stopped
             | caring. As a consumer, I would prefer a label that
             | identified the major risks.
        
           | harrall wrote:
           | It's extremely rare that I come across products with a prop
           | 65 warning. And in the rare chance you do see it, like on a
           | bowl, you might learn that some bowl paints and glazes
           | actually have lead in them!
           | 
           | Second, information is not meant to be executed on
           | directly... you are supposed to process information with
           | critical thinking. Yes, enclosed parking lots give you
           | cancer. Guess what, you can still park in it... In the same
           | way that tuna contains a lot of mercury but I still eat
           | tuna.... just less of it. I rather know and make an informed
           | decision than not know anything at all.
        
         | giardini wrote:
         | What was the source of your "toddler's" hi lead levels?
        
           | gregwebs wrote:
           | Unfortunately I don't know. We have gotten rid of a lot of
           | old toys and made sure our kitchen and plates are lead free
           | and did some of that before a retest and that may have helped
           | some. We are going to retest now that he is older and not
           | sticking random stuff in his mouth much. He still eats a lot
           | of sweet potatoes and I suspect that could be a source. I
           | also just got some of the new easy to use lead testing kits
           | and am starting to test some things with that but everything
           | seems to come up negative so far.
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | > _"even if we were to completely stop mining for and using lead
       | (which we aren't, since the lead-acid battery market is projected
       | to increase in the next years"_
       | 
       | I'm surprised by this. Modern cars (EVs, at least) have started
       | replacing their 12V lead batteries with Li-ion, which are more
       | durable, store much more energy, and of course are less toxic.
       | 
       | But in any case, isn't the one advantage of lead-acid batteries
       | their recyclability? Don't 99%+ of lead batteries get recycled
       | into new lead batteries?
       | 
       | Surely there can't be all that much new lead being mined for
       | batteries?
        
         | wffurr wrote:
         | Most EVs have a 12V lead acid battery for standby power and to
         | buffer the 12V accessory system. The solenoids to the traction
         | battery are open when parked and the 12V battery closes them
         | when the car is started.
         | 
         | This does mean you might actually need a "jump start" for an EV
         | if the 12V battery is drained, eg from leaving a light on or a
         | fault in the 12V charging system.
        
           | Reason077 wrote:
           | Yes, EVs still have a 12V battery, but it's not always lead
           | acid. Tesla, for example, switched from lead acid to Li-ion
           | 12V batteries in all their models several years ago. So have
           | Porsche, even in combustion models I believe.
        
             | philjohn wrote:
             | They are a lot more expensive though, at least aftermarket.
        
               | Reason077 wrote:
               | Yes but you have to replace them much less often. Kind of
               | like LED vs incandescent light bulbs.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | I assume that jump starting an EV takes a lot less current
           | than jump starting an ICE due to no need to crank an engine.
           | I'd guess it just needs enough to power the control
           | electronics and close the solenoids to the traction battery?
           | 
           | That raises an interesting question: is the power requirement
           | low enough that you could make a hand cranked EV jump
           | starter?
        
             | philjohn wrote:
             | You would be correct.
             | 
             | It needs enough to open the contactors which allows the
             | high voltage battery to send power via the inverter to
             | charge the 12V
             | 
             | My Lithium Ion jump pack is tiny, about the size of two
             | iphones stacked on top of each other, and a single jump
             | uses only a few %.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | That's because everything in a car is standardized into 12V,
           | but the EV engine run on some hundreds of Volts. It would be
           | dangerous to feed energy from the engine's battery into the
           | rest of the car.
           | 
           | As a sibling said, that doesn't require that you use a lead
           | battery. The only requirement is that it's insulated from the
           | main one.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | The lead batteries have always be 90%+ recycled (well, at least
         | since any time we should care about). So the amount of mining
         | is still proportional to the amount of batteries running
         | around.
        
       | MisterTea wrote:
       | Radiation shielding. There's a lot of it in industry involving
       | electron beam processing which produces x-rays. From printing
       | machines using EB set ink, welding, melting, cross-linking, etc.
       | A lot of those machines are lead shielded. Even at particle
       | accelerator labs I've walked past stacks of lead bricks around
       | beam lines (esp around the injector)
       | 
       | Sucks that there's so much use for something so dangerous.
       | Amazing the perils we have both dug up and invented in the
       | pursuit of progress which is ultimately just making money.
        
       | icameron wrote:
       | >Now, acute effects of lead exposure are pretty clear. If someone
       | were to chomp down on a piece of lead, it would result in
       | seizures, coma, and possibly death.
       | 
       | Tell that to anglers. Chomping down on lead is how to put weights
       | on the line.
        
       | tentacleuno wrote:
       | Interestingly, Lead is still used in fuel for small aircraft.
       | It's called avgas 100LL (Low Lead). I do worry about the effects
       | of the fuel, given lead's health effects at low exposure levels.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Did you know, the world still mines more lead now than it did 50
       | years ago, at the peak of 'put lead in everything' mania?
       | 
       | To me, this says that we still put lead in too many things. Lead
       | is still used for flashing in roofs. It's still used as a mould
       | release when making plastics. It's still used in making dishware.
       | It's still used in bullets.
       | 
       | It's still used for all kinds of things which will one day end up
       | in the environment and someone's drinking water.
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | When I posted here about how lead pipes during the Roman Empire
         | was bad for the people I was met with a torrent of downvotes
         | right here on Hackernews saying it wasn't that bad. I'm not
         | optimistic about the future.
        
           | Gigachad wrote:
           | I feel the same about leaded solder for hobby electronics.
        
             | alnwlsn wrote:
             | At least leaded soldering wire is mostly contained in a
             | large chunk, but I really don't like leaded solder paste.
             | Which is like leaded peanut butter, and easily spread
             | around.
             | 
             | All the new parts are designed based on a lead free process
             | anyways, so you might as well get used to working with
             | lead-free solder to begin with.
        
           | apercu wrote:
           | I'm sure that contributed to some of the insanity, but they
           | also cooked down wine in lead pots (sapa or defrutum) which
           | caused lead to leach and act as a sweetener. I think they
           | also used this in cooking but this is all from memory so
           | trust but verify!
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | IIRC they also used lead acetate as a sweetener. It boggles
             | my mind that using enough of that to noticeably impact the
             | flavor of food did not instantly kill people. Meanwhile
             | here we are talking about micrograms!
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | To be fair lead pipes aren't good, but the other uses in the
           | Roman Empire were probably the cause of far more of the
           | issues.
           | 
           | Especially with hard water (of which the water in Rome is
           | VERY hard[1] today, and if similar sources are used, it
           | stands to reason it was very hard way back when) it forms a
           | scale that drastically reduces the amount that leeches into
           | the water.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-water-
           | hardness-of...
        
         | theandrewbailey wrote:
         | In my mind, there's only two acceptable uses of lead: radiation
         | (x-ray, gamma ray) shielding, and ICE batteries. Even then, I
         | expect there's much increased demand for those things (and
         | thus, the lead to manufacture them) from 50 years ago.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Even ICE batteries is IMO not a valid use. Lithium batteries
           | are better by almost every metric, and now nearly every model
           | of car battery has a drop-in compatible lithium
           | battery+controller too, so there isn't even an excuse for
           | vehicles currently on the road.
           | 
           | Lead batteries contain not just lead, but the H2SO4 needed to
           | dissolve large amounts of it and transport it through
           | watercourses when the plastic case inevitably cracks.
        
             | alnwlsn wrote:
             | No, but they are dead simple aren't they? Charging them is
             | easy. They can handle super high discharge rates no
             | problem. Construction is simple, only lead, sulfuric acid,
             | and plastic. The materials are cheap, abundant, and
             | recyclable. The battery chemistry is old and well
             | understood. They aren't made from flammable materials, and
             | if one does catch on fire, you can extinguish it using a
             | normal fire extinguisher. They work well at low
             | temperatures, and can be put in storage long term fully
             | charged. About the only downside is they can make hydrogen
             | if overcharged, and are heavy.
             | 
             | Too bad they use lead, because it would be too good to be
             | true otherwise. You have to treat lithium batteries like a
             | spoiled child in comparison.
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | Lead acid batteries still offer far better performance in
             | cold conditions, voltage stability, burst current capacity,
             | and ease of charging.
             | 
             | You can overcome most of these issues, but it comes at a
             | significant cost. I think it could be worth it, especially
             | when you factor in that the lithium ion battery could
             | theoretically pay for itself in longer lifespan, but most
             | buyers would prefer the cheap, familiar, reliable option.
        
           | copperx wrote:
           | Don't scream at me, but what about non-industrial, hobby
           | soldering?
           | 
           | AFAIK soldering is not hot enough to vaporize lead.
        
             | teamonkey wrote:
             | Soldering contamination mainly comes from ingestion.
             | Touching it, having small particles of lead burn off and
             | land on your skin, then in your mouth (or eyes, elsewhere).
             | Even so, by washing hands and wearing light PPE it's fine.
             | 
             | Because if that, many people consider the ban of industrial
             | lead solder to be over-zealous. But that ban is in place to
             | stop _consumers_ being contaminated if they somehow touch
             | the board. Also to minimise lead entering the water table
             | once it is discarded.
        
               | therein wrote:
               | I love my Kester 40% lead solder and always use gloves
               | when using it. Probably an overkill since I have been
               | soldering since 90s.
        
         | Braxton1980 wrote:
         | We need more government regulations and enforcement to solve
         | this problem. There's no other solution in a capitalist
         | environment
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | The US is probably going to put _more_ lead into everything
           | because RFK Jr believes it builds character or something.
        
             | ifyoubuildit wrote:
             | His whole thing is about environmental toxins probably
             | being the cause of most of our problems, so no that doesn't
             | seem likely.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Has he specifically included lead in a list of "toxins"?
               | If not, "toxins" is such a vague term that it can include
               | or exclude just about anything.
        
               | Avshalom wrote:
               | https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2025/04/11/cdc-
               | denies-mi...
               | 
               | Yeah, about that.
        
               | Fomite wrote:
               | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/milwaukee-schools-lead-
               | poisonin...
               | 
               | This aged wildly poorly.
        
         | alnwlsn wrote:
         | Don't forget about lead in brass and free-machining steel. Got
         | a normal metal? Now it has lead.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | There's a "acceptable minimum level of lead" in most processed
       | foods such as baby food.
       | 
       | This is because food cannot be heavily processed without some
       | heavy metals leeching in, according to a food safety guy who is a
       | long time friend.
       | 
       | It is completely mind boggling we let that happen.
        
         | avalys wrote:
         | What do you think the regulatory standard should be set to? It
         | is currently set to 10 ppb (parts per billion).
         | 
         | Do you think it should be 0? 0.0000 ppb? No detectable lead
         | whatsoever? What do you do if detection technology improves and
         | the minimum detectable level decreases?
         | 
         | Even if you go live totally off the grid with your child and
         | grow your own vegetables in your backyard with completely
         | natural ingredients, you will still end up with some level of
         | lead - which is a natural ingredient itself, after all.
         | 
         | At some point, you have to set a threshold and say that any
         | lead below this level is not worth the cost of removing it or
         | avoiding it. Would you pay 10x more for baby food at a 1 ppb
         | level instead of 10 ppb? Do you think that would produce a net
         | benefit for society?
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | Granite has lead at levels of 30,000ppb, fwiw. Lead is a
           | naturally occurring mineral. the only way to fully eliminate
           | lead would be to live in a fully synthetic environment,
           | everything grown hydroponically, etc.
           | https://www.science.smith.edu/~jbrady/petrology/igrocks-
           | tool...
        
             | FalseNutrition wrote:
             | Not only that. Life accumulated those over the eons, as the
             | rocks eroded, the useful metals got saved by life, and the
             | rest was washed down. So the natural levels are way higher.
             | Life is good at hoarding these "heavy metals".
             | 
             | People in this thread
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43631251 have been
             | arguing that these people must have been some top class
             | elite, and I totally get it. They are too good looking.
             | But, that's how it was. The typical of the past would be
             | above celebrity looks today. A lot of curent idols look
             | _stunted_ in comparison.
        
               | gregwebs wrote:
               | Another poster linked to this study that states [1]
               | Existing rates of lead absorption are about 30 times
               | higher than inferred natural rates
               | 
               | [1] https://sci-
               | hub.se/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14334042/
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | That's fully consistent with the idea that there has to
               | be some threshold for lead in food because it's literally
               | naturally occurring in the soil.
               | 
               | In fact, to fully avoid lead, you'd basically have to
               | carefully grow food hydroponically. Certified Organic
               | mineral fertilizers like basalt rock dust (which provide
               | calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, etc) would obviously
               | not be okay if you wanted to eliminate all lead, as
               | basalt contains 7.5ppm lead, comparable to the average in
               | the Earth's crust.
        
               | FalseNutrition wrote:
               | What method was used to infer the natural rates?
        
           | gregwebs wrote:
           | Most of the lead in baby food comes from the industrial
           | processing. So if you grow your own apples and make your own
           | apple sauce and don't put industrial processed spices in it
           | it's likely not going to have any detectable lead in it.
           | 
           | The problem with our standards for baby food isn't
           | necessarily that they are too high. The problem is that there
           | is little enforcement. You have know way of knowing you will
           | be getting 10ppb or be the unlucky one getting the large
           | dosages that eventually got reported to the CDC. For much of
           | the rest of the food supply the standards do allow for too
           | much lead.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | I would like it to be "equal or less than a standard
           | reference food of similar ingredients" which would penalize
           | adding lead or heavy metals via the processing itself instead
           | of naturally occuring.
        
         | Robotbeat wrote:
         | There's also lead in any random patch of dirt or gravel because
         | it occurs naturally in granite at about 30 parts per million
         | (and usually less in other rock types).
         | https://www.science.smith.edu/~jbrady/petrology/igrocks-tool...
         | 
         | The "action levels" of lead in food (fruits and vegetables,
         | etc) are 10 parts per BILLION, and stuff less than that is
         | considered acceptable, because otherwise freaking everything
         | would test positive because food grows in dirt which contains
         | minerals from rocks.
         | 
         | Lead has higher allowable levels in things like nuts, again
         | because they are grown in the dirt and have a lot of minerals.
         | I think peanuts and stuff have 100-900ppb lead.
         | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-024-044...
        
           | gregwebs wrote:
           | Another poster linked to this study that states [1]
           | Existing rates of lead absorption are about 30 times higher
           | than inferred natural rates
           | 
           | It's not the case that all soil is contaminated with lead
           | that then ends up in high levels in food. Top soil is
           | composed mostly of decomposed plants. Plants only take up a
           | small fraction of the lead in the soil. So the contamination
           | of the top of the soil must reach some threshold. Due to
           | leaded gasoline, there is widespread lead contamination in
           | top soil, and I have read many parts of the world still use
           | leaded gasoline in agriculture. Without human activity my
           | understanding is that most soil samples would test very low
           | or non detect and most food would as well. In some types of
           | food (I know this is true of spices and to a lesser extent
           | chocolate), much of the lead in food can come from processing
           | phases after it is already harvested.
           | 
           | We certainly know it is the case that food produced by one
           | producer varies dramatically in lead levels from another due
           | to testing. Some of that may be attributed back to the soil,
           | but it still goes to show that we could be testing soil
           | levels and avoiding growing in lead contaminated soil.
           | 
           | Thank you for those links. For the nut study, they are
           | studying finished products bought in the supermarket, so it
           | is possible that some of the contamination may come from the
           | processing (removing shells, etc) which is pointed out in the
           | study itself.
           | 
           | [1] https://sci-
           | hub.se/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14334042/
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | I wouldn't call it contamination if it's literally just
             | from natural soil and minerals sourced from fairly typical
             | rocks.
             | 
             | I wasn't claiming heightened lead exposure is good, just
             | responding to those who seem shocked that we tolerate some
             | low level of lead in foods. Obviously leaded paint is dumb
             | and we STILL, for some reason (well, I know the reason, but
             | it's not a good one imo), allow leaded aviation fuel. In
             | fact, fully unleaded fuel was not allowed in a very large
             | fraction of general aviation aircraft until recently
             | because the FAA dragged their feet in approving lead free
             | fuel mixtures for heritage general aviation aircraft (which
             | is a large fraction of the general aviation fleet since
             | lawsuits and the FAA have made newer aircraft just
             | obscenely expensive), which is still very rare in small
             | airports.
             | 
             | It is, ironically, the downstream effect of improper and
             | over-regulation of general aviation.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | There are people who think it suddenly stopped being bad for your
       | brain? They must be chewing on paint.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | The article is more about the fact that the exposure risk
         | hasn't gone away after banning it in fuel and paint, and that
         | it's still everywhere and contaminated the soil.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | No, apparently people really are still chewing on paint.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43656465
        
       | aziaziazi wrote:
       | What methodology is used for lead testing ? I eared about blood
       | sampling but that quote from the article make me wonder the
       | effectiveness:
       | 
       | > the half-life of lead in the blood (meaning the amount of time
       | needed for the concentration to drop to half) is relatively
       | short, at only 28 days, that's not the same as the half-life in
       | the body. Some of the lead in the blood will not be eliminated,
       | but it will actually go into the soft tissue, i.e. kidneys,
       | liver, brain, where the half-life is a few months, and more
       | annoyingly, into the bones, where the half-life is between 10 to
       | 30 years. What's more, from here, lead can leach back into the
       | bloodstream, from where it can once again get into the soft
       | tissue and cause more damage
        
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