[HN Gopher] A 32-bit processor made with an atomically thin semi...
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       A 32-bit processor made with an atomically thin semiconductor
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 114 points
       Date   : 2025-04-08 13:08 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | I'm still waiting for that inkjet printer that can print
       | transistors.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01391-2
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Has anyone tried to replicate this? Seems like it would be very
         | useful for amateur makers/hackers were it not for the $23k
         | printer cost (no idea for the cost of the discussed silver
         | ink). But surely someone crazy had access to one and tried or
         | has tried to replicate on a cheaper printer? I figure HN has a
         | decent chance of helping find said persons?
        
           | superb_dev wrote:
           | I don't think they've tried it yet, but it's seems up the
           | alley of Applied Science on YouTube
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | I'm not sure this is Ben's forte, but you're right that I
             | wouldn't be surprised if he tries it, though he has done
             | some circuit stuff[0,1] so nothing would surprise me from
             | him. (Hi Ben! Love the work!) BUT I do think this is
             | something Sam Zeloof[2] try. He's done some lithography
             | using a projector[3]. Also there's Jeri Ellsworth, but I
             | think she's shifted to mostly working with her AR project.
             | Tons of old videos on that stuff if you're into it.
             | 
             | Side note: I'm assuming anyone who knows any of these
             | people would be interested that a new Dan Gelbart video
             | just dropped[5]!
             | -----------------------------------------
             | 
             | Other side note: @YouTube people (and @GoogleSearch), can
             | we talk about search? The updates have been progressively
             | making it harder to find these types of accounts. People
             | who do * _highly*_ technical things. I get that these are
             | aimed at extremely specific audiences but this type of
             | information is some of the most valuable information on the
             | planet. Lots of knowledge is locked into people 's heads
             | and these classes of videos are one of the biggest booms to
             | knowledge distribution we've ever seen in the course of
             | humanity. I understand that this does not directly lead to
             | profits to YouTube (certainly it _DOES_ for Google Search),
             | but indirectly it does (keeps these users on your
             | platform!) and has a high benefit to humanity in general.
             | The beauty of YouTube and Google was you could access
             | anything. That we recognized everyone was different and we
             | could find like minded people in a vast sea. The problem
             | search was meant to solve was to get us access to hard to
             | find things. To find needles in ever growing haystacks!
             | Please, I really do not want to return to the days of pre-
             | search. Nor even early search! It should be _easier_ to
             | find niche topics these days, not harder. LLMs aren 't
             | going to fix this. This is becoming an existential crisis
             | and it needs to be resolved.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIqhpxul_og
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYgIuc-VqHE
             | 
             | [2] https://www.youtube.com/@SamZeloof
             | 
             | [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVoldtNpIzI
             | 
             | [4] https://www.youtube.com/@JeriEllsworthJabber
             | 
             | [5] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuZjjActWmQ
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | LLMs could help if they were specifically applied to the
               | task [1], however people are actually applying them to
               | the generation of countless slop videos. Google's
               | problem, which I think there is no cure for, is that
               | Google believes it is #1 and to quote Fatboy Slim "We're
               | #1 why try harder?" If in some way they feel they have
               | competition it is to be a 2nd rate TikTok, not be a
               | better version of what made YouTube great.
               | 
               | In the meantime, for everybody that's been turned on to
               | something really awesome and creative on YouTube somebody
               | else got turned on to something really toxic.
               | 
               | [1] Something significant happens every 10 years in
               | search relevance, and SBERT was one of those.
        
               | ezst wrote:
               | Again someone mistaking LLMs with knowledge bases. Must
               | be a day finishing in `y`
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | It's possible that the inkjet printed transistor is both
           | replicable _and_ impractical for building a full
           | microprocessor.
           | 
           | The inkjet transistor article says "A total of 216 devices
           | were tested with a yield of greater than 95%, thus
           | demonstrating the true scalability of the process for
           | achieving integrated systems." But 95% yield on the
           | transistor level implies vanishingly low yield at the device
           | level when you need thousands of transistors to build a full
           | microprocessor.
           | 
           | Even the new MoS2 microprocessor discussed in the Ars article
           | wasn't fabricated all at once. It was built up from sub-
           | components like shift registers containing fewer transistors,
           | then those components were combined to make a full
           | microprocessor. See for example "Supplementary Fig. 7 | Yield
           | analysis of wafer-level 8-bit registers." in the
           | supplementary information:
           | 
           | https://static-
           | content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs415...
           | 
           |  _The yield of 8-bit registers, each consisting of 144
           | transistors, can reach 71% on the wafer._
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | My knowledge of transistors is pretty limited[0]. Does the
             | yield percentage refer to number of successful chips on a
             | substrate or look more at the total number of successful
             | transistors? (Or confusing hybrid-term like rain forecasts)
             | I believe your comment implies the latter? So the number of
             | successful processors is quite low? How many failed
             | transistors can you have in a working microprocessor?
             | (Probably not an easy to answer question?)
             | 
             | [0] Am I remembering correctly that this is your area?
        
             | exe34 wrote:
             | if you could print transistors, you could make computers
             | the way Wozniak made them - a bunch of chips with a ton of
             | wiring.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | You can do that easily and cheaply today without a fancy
               | transistor printer.
               | 
               | You can find Apple II schematics easily enough online.
               | All the chips are common, off-the-shelf parts still
               | available today. You can send the KiCAD drawings (also
               | available) to a company like PCBWay and have PCBs made
               | very cheaply and in small quantity. Then all you have to
               | do is solder in the chips and other components and
               | connect the board to a power supply.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | I think the appeal is the you can print out a couple of
               | pages of chips and wire them up, not send out for chips
               | and PCBs.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | You can order a whole batch of chips and wire them up on
               | breadboards without sending away to have a PCB made. The
               | PCB step is the last one when you want to finalize your
               | computer and package it up.
               | 
               | Ben Eater actually has a free course on YouTube [1] all
               | about building a breadboard computer!
               | 
               | [1] https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLowKtXNTBypGqImE40
               | 5J2565d...
        
         | bombela wrote:
         | I am building one. Right after I find out where to buy liquid
         | semi-conductor paste.
        
       | ohazi wrote:
       | I suspected that this was the case when they mentioned adding
       | "one bit at a time" -- the CPU design that they implemented is
       | Olof Kindgren's SERV [0], a tiny bit-serial risc-v CPU/soc
       | (award-winning, of course).
       | 
       | From [1]:
       | 
       | > Olof Kindgren
       | 
       | > 5th April 2025 at 10:59 am
       | 
       | > It's a great achievement, but I'm of course a little sad to see
       | that it's not mentioned anywhere that Wuji is just a renaming of
       | my CPU, SERV. They even pasted in block diagrams from my
       | documentation.
       | 
       | [0] https://github.com/olofk/serv
       | 
       | [1] https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/2d-32-bit-
       | ri...
        
         | koverstreet wrote:
         | That sort of copying without attribution should be considered
         | outright misconduct; it certainly would be in academia.
        
           | lambda wrote:
           | Huh? This is a paper published in Nature, and it does cite
           | Olof Kindgren and SERV in the references:
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08759-9#Bib1
           | 
           | The paper itself is behind a paywall so I can't see it, but
           | it looks from the references like they provided proper
           | attribution.
           | 
           | It's unfortunate that some of the articles around it don't
           | mention that, but it seems like the main point of this is
           | discussing the process for building the transistors, and then
           | showing that can be used to build a complete CPU, not the CPU
           | design itself which they just used an off-the-shelf open
           | source one, which is designed to use a very small number of
           | gates.
        
             | reaperman wrote:
             | > The paper itself is behind a paywall so I can't see it
             | 
             | https://archive.org/details/s41586-025-08759-9
        
         | chmod775 wrote:
         | They do mention SERV in their references (38).
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08759-9
         | 
         | Sadly I can't access the full article right now.
        
         | inverted_flag wrote:
         | That's China for you.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | I like where they say "a sheet that is only a bit over a single
       | atom thick, due to the angles between its chemical bonds" it's
       | funny that material science has achived ultimate precision, but
       | it can only be talked about in general terms Is there any exact
       | way to describe the thickness of molebdium disulfide sheets?,
       | beyond "a bit over one atom thick" clearly they are etching parts
       | of the sheet, and somehow attaching leads, but is it done
       | strictly in two dimensions, ie: litteral, flat land?
        
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       (page generated 2025-04-11 23:00 UTC)