[HN Gopher] Bonobos use a kind of syntax once thought to be uniq...
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       Bonobos use a kind of syntax once thought to be unique to humans
        
       Author : docmechanic
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2025-04-07 15:51 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newscientist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newscientist.com)
        
       | pvg wrote:
       | Recent smol thread https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43575088
        
         | docmechanic wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing!
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks! Macroexpanded:
         | 
         |  _In the Calls of Bonobos, Scientists Hear Hints of Language_ -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43601682 - April 2025 (2
         | comments)
         | 
         |  _Bonobos ' calls may be the closest thing to animal language
         | we've seen_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43575088 -
         | April 2025 (12 comments)
        
       | Y_Y wrote:
       | and then spend most of their time arguing about it?
        
       | mrtobo wrote:
       | Anyone know where we can hear such recordings?
        
       | smusamashah wrote:
       | > They recorded over 300 of these observations, including what
       | the caller was doing at the time, what was happening in the
       | environment and the behaviour of the caller and audience after
       | the vocalisation.
       | 
       | > To reveal the meaning of each call, they used a technique from
       | linguistics to create a cloud of utterance types, placing
       | vocalisations that occurred in similar circumstances closer
       | together. "We kind of established this dictionary," says
       | Berthlet. "We have one vocalisation and one meaning."
       | 
       | This is lots of manual effort, could the recent advancement in
       | language models help decode animal languages more easily? I guess
       | it will need lots 24/7 capture of physical movement/action and
       | sound data and train a model (that already understands vocal
       | English too) perhaps.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | I definitely think you're touching on some exciting
         | possibilities, but adding a language model at this early stage
         | would endanger the goal of this particular research: proving
         | that the compositionality exists in the first place. If there
         | was a foundational language model we're involved, it might be
         | reading patterns into the calls regardless of whether they're
         | really there -- that _is_ what it's designed to do, after all!
         | 
         | Re:"lots of work", I think you're misunderstanding the quotes a
         | bit. They applied PCA to categorical data to generate semantic
         | positions for each call type--or, in other words, ran a
         | prewritten mathy algo on a big csv. _Collecting_ the CSV data
         | in the first place certainly sounds extremely hard, but that's
         | more of a practical issue than a scientific one! Bonobos aren't
         | known for living in easy-to-reach places ;)
        
         | HappMacDonald wrote:
         | If you make that cloud exist in a high enough number of
         | dimensions you'll find yourself emulating a machine learning
         | language model. :)
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | Making models of the physical world is a lot of work. Can't
         | they install cameras and record hundreds of thousands of hours
         | of objects getting shot through cannons, birds flying and trees
         | swaying in the wind? Maybe with some more nuclear power plants
         | they could get close to approximating something like Newton's
         | Laws of Motion (kind of close is good enough, no need to be
         | nerdy about it).
        
       | kjkjadksj wrote:
       | It is funny how at least the press written about this sort of
       | research seems to imply only humans have language and some new
       | evidence might challenge that notion.
       | 
       | Really if you ever own a pet, probably any pet I bet, you find
       | that communication in a way that is arguably a language is pretty
       | low level stuff in the animal kingdom. And it makes sense as it
       | is quite useful for a species to communicate things about the
       | world. You turn your community into a meta organism: rather than
       | continuous appendages and nerve endings you might have a meerkat
       | a couple hundred yards observing for predators for you sharing
       | their own senses on their own body with you through their long
       | distance communication abilities in the form of their
       | vocalizations or body language. Now you can solely be a meerkat
       | and get all this information about the area without having to
       | evolve into some lovecraftian horror with a set of eyes and ears
       | every 100 yards.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | Language is not just "communication" and not every
         | communication is language. Bees and ants communicate
         | information chemically, but they're not using a structured
         | language. Dogs may growl to intimidate or yelp if they get
         | hurt, and that surely communicates information, but whether
         | they are using a structured language is a matter of research.
        
           | floxy wrote:
           | Honey bees do the waggle dance though:
           | 
           | https://animalwise.org/2011/08/25/the-honeybee-waggle-
           | dance-...
        
             | empath75 wrote:
             | Yeah, but that's just another example of communication-
             | without-language
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | I don't think anyone denies that _communication_ is not unique
         | to humans. It is clearly not. But what is (apparently - as far
         | as we know) unique to humans is language, meaning the capacity
         | to combine concepts in an infinitely recursive manner to
         | represent an infinity of concepts and ideas. On top of that, we
         | also posses the ability to communicate (verbally, through sign,
         | or more recently through writing) those combined concepts in
         | such a way that other humans can then recreate that concept in
         | their own mind.
         | 
         | There's evidence that language first evolved as a capacity for
         | processing the outside world internally - your inner voice, if
         | you will. The ability to synthesize any idea about things you
         | can and can not see or even ever experience. The speaking and
         | communicative part of it may have actually arisen secondarily,
         | as evidenced by the fact that "language" does not have to be
         | spoken - it can be expressed in many different mediums.
         | 
         | Communication and language are not one in the same. Language is
         | a means of communication, but it also so much more than that.
         | 
         | I found the book Why Only Us by Chomsky and Berwick to a be a
         | great introduction to the topic.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | You don't think a meerkat when introduced something novel
           | into their environment relevant to them, would 't come up
           | with a concept for representing that idea to their own
           | species? I think they would, absolutely. What we do as humans
           | isn't unique despite how we insist on thinking that about
           | ourselves. It is why we can study neuroscience using fruit
           | flies.
        
           | ang_cire wrote:
           | > the capacity to combine concepts in an infinitely recursive
           | manner to represent an infinity of concepts and ideas. On top
           | of that, we also posses the ability to communicate (verbally,
           | through sign, or more recently through writing) those
           | combined concepts in such a way that other humans can then
           | recreate that concept in their own mind.
           | 
           | We don't know that animals can't. We know that some animals
           | can convey detailed information very extensively, but we
           | don't know the structure of the communication well enough as
           | to claim that it isn't via something equivalent to human
           | language. Crows, for instance, can inform other crows about
           | specific people, or characteristics of people, without those
           | things being present. That would generally require
           | _descriptive_ communication to do, which inherently implies
           | an abstraction. Where 's the line between that and human
           | language?
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | This is a lively debate in linguistics, so while it's not
         | _objectively true_ (i.e. it depends on how you want to use the
         | word), it's much more justified than you're implying here. As
         | others have said, it's about distinguishing the kind of
         | communication humans do from simple animal communication -- a
         | common hook for this topic is the fun fact that "chimpanzees
         | can learn sign language, but they've never asked a question".
         | It's somewhat analogous to how animal communication can be seen
         | as categorically distinct from simple _signaling_ done by
         | flowers, scent markers, etc.
         | 
         | I'm in a bit of a rush but suffice to say that Chomsky is
         | probably the best champion of the "language is compositional"
         | view, or as he puts it, "language is the generation of an
         | infinite range of meaningful outputs from a finite range of
         | inputs". There's dozens of great, layperson-friendly talks of
         | his on this topic on YouTube, for anyone who's curious!
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | The study of human language is linguistics. A related study is
         | "human language" compared to some other "[animal] language".
         | Chomsky has argued that "human language" is categorically
         | different from some, say, other primate "language".
         | 
         | As soon as you have a scientific pursuit you need to define it.
         | Somehow. And it isn't gonna be close to some intuitive notion
         | of "language". Because that's just, I dunno, any kind of
         | semiotics to us average persons. (Is your pet jumping up on
         | your leg and wagging its tail communicating meaning? Yeah)
         | 
         | So of course there's gonna be some definition of language, and
         | maybe even a scientific consensus one way or the other with
         | regards to sundries questions, like if other animals have
         | "language" similar to "human language". And it's gonna have
         | very little overlap with people vibing with their pets.
        
         | vinceguidry wrote:
         | There has been a LOT of research on this. A popsci book I've
         | read on the topic is Adam's Tongue. It details the features
         | that separate what's called Animal Communication Systems from
         | human language.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Adams-Tongue-Humans-Made-Language-ebo...
         | 
         | Obviously pets are quite capable of making their wishes known
         | to us, especially if we facilitate it. It's unclear whether
         | they're actually achieving language. I'm tempted to think they
         | are, especially when I see dogs using push buttons to talk to
         | us on Instagram. But I can't be totally sure.
         | 
         | And even if they were, it would be language we taught them. Not
         | independently developed in the wild.
        
           | com2kid wrote:
           | I had a dog that you could ask to do complex tasks and he'd
           | happily go about and do it.
           | 
           | "Go around the corner and get your toy out of the laundry
           | basket".
           | 
           | He'd go around the corner and get his toy out of the laundry
           | basket.
           | 
           | You could also ask him to get dressed (he'd get his rain coat
           | and do his best to put it on) and you could ask him to get
           | other dogs ready to go (he'd grab their leashes and drape the
           | leash around the other dog's necks).
           | 
           | > Not independently developed in the wild.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure the crows who live next to my house have a
           | complex language. Different squawks for different
           | circumstances. I can tell when one is addressing me vs when
           | the male is calling to his partner.
           | 
           | > And even if they were, it would be language we taught them.
           | 
           | Humans smarted their way into a surplus of food, which
           | allowed us to do lots of other cool things like have time for
           | art, language, and spending years and years raising our
           | young.
           | 
           | That doesn't mean we are inherently superior, it just means
           | an excess of food allows plenty of time to do non-food
           | related things.
        
       | fedeb95 wrote:
       | they're called Large Language Monkeys
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | Cute.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | In the article it says that "This finding doesn't mean that
         | bonobos have language, though".
        
           | vinceguidry wrote:
           | If you really wanted your pedantry to sound smart, you'd have
           | also noted that bonobos aren't monkeys, they're apes.
        
       | mattdeboard wrote:
       | Reinforcing my strongly held belief that what fundamentally sets
       | humans apart isn't spoken language, or tools, or any of that, but
       | rather the fact we write down what we know, then make those
       | writings available to future generations to build on. We're a
       | species distinguished from all others by our information-archival
       | and -dissemination practices. We're an archivist species, a
       | librarian species. Homo archivum. In my opinion.
        
         | antisthenes wrote:
         | Thanks for validating my data-hoarding tendencies.
         | 
         | I'm just following my Homo Archivium genetic programming.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | > calls that seem to mean "pay attention to me" and "I am
         | excited" to say "pay attention to me because I am in distress"
         | 
         | It's hard to say how accurate those meanings are, but it does
         | interestingly track with the odd thing that does separate
         | humans from other hominids... we ask questions. Apes who
         | learned sign language have supposedly never done so.
         | 
         | To write down knowledge means having a concept that others have
         | information that you don't, and you can access it in their
         | writings or give them information with yours. If you can't
         | conceive of that in the first place, writing doesn't even make
         | sense at all.
        
         | ghc wrote:
         | If that were the case, then you would expect isolated groups of
         | humans who never developed a writing system to be significantly
         | different from "homo archivum", but we know that's not true.
         | 
         | We also know that groups without writing systems were
         | historically able to adopt writing systems rather quickly,
         | which is, I think, rather good evidence that writing is a
         | technology, not a point of speciation.
         | 
         | Going back to Ancient Greece, Socrates didn't even believe in
         | the effectiveness of writing for communication of knowledge. My
         | poetry professor used to spend some time on this, because it's
         | intimately tied to the art of poetry. He would cite a number of
         | studies showing our emotional responses are intimately tied to
         | our language processing, and that humans are wired to
         | emotionally respond to, and remember, stories.
         | 
         | Even before writing, oral histories were passed down for many
         | generations. For an extreme example, see:
         | https://www.sapiens.org/language/oral-tradition/ .
         | 
         | I won't pretend to know what makes us human, but ultimately I
         | believe it has to be rooted in something neurological, not
         | technological.
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | ...but is there another species that writes things down for
           | other individuals in their species to reference?
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | I think that's exactly the right question and the answer is
             | pretty clear that there is no comparison. I do understand
             | that there's a little bit of something going on with water-
             | based mammals like orcas and dolphins being able to teach
             | certain skills to their young and so there's a notion of
             | intergenerational knowledge there. But we're just a
             | different order of magnitude in terms of our capability of
             | transmitting intergenerational knowledge and it's not even
             | close. It's almost disappointing because there's no
             | interesting question of comparison between us and other
             | species.
             | 
             | As I mentioned in another comment, I'm skeptical of the
             | questions that imply a kind of species essentialism,
             | suggesting that there's such a thing as a one particular
             | trait that distinctly makes us human. I think the real
             | answer to questions like that are vast convergences of
             | immense clusters of facts relating to our evolutionary
             | history and our morphology and so on. I don't think there's
             | any like one single thing. But I do think in comparison to
             | other species a rather elegant way of distinguishing this
             | is to put to our written traditions which as far as I know
             | don't really have any precedent. And if that doesn't blow
             | you away in terms of how miraculous and special are
             | evolutionary trajectory is, I don't suspect anything would.
             | But the important thing is that you don't need a species
             | essentialism to be impressed with who and what we are.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Ants, but that's a whole other discussion around what
             | constitutes writing.
             | 
             | Which is why people look into specific elements of language
             | not just huge generalizations.
        
               | mattdeboard wrote:
               | Interesting comment. Why ants? Do they use symbols to
               | express complex ideas to each other?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Why ants?
               | 
               | It fits the basic concept of writing where complex ideas
               | are communicating through time rather than space.
               | 
               | Depends on what you mean by symbols, it's abstract.
               | Though an ants nest is a dark environment so writing the
               | way we think of it via coloration would be a useless. In
               | such an environment pheromones have inherent advantages,
               | but you can't get the same highly detailed shapes.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | > I won't pretend to know what makes us human, but ultimately
           | I believe it has to be rooted in something neurological
           | 
           | In terms of intelligence, yes, but in terms of what we've
           | achieved then "technology" such as writing/archiving
           | certainly has made a massive difference, else we'd be limited
           | to what could be built by passing down oral history and
           | skills passed from one generation to the next, much like
           | Aboriginal Australians.
           | 
           | I suspect that the neurological (& vocal) differences that
           | make us more intelligent than other apes are likely extremely
           | few - more like "fine tuning" differences than anything
           | major.
        
           | glenstein wrote:
           | >If that were the case, then you would expect isolated groups
           | of humans who never developed a writing system to be
           | significantly different from "homo archivum", but we know
           | that's not true.
           | 
           | I'm not sure I understand why this would necessarily be what
           | you would expect. I would say it's entirely the other way
           | around. If we have some sort of favorable evolutionary
           | circumstances that predispose us to turn into archivists,
           | that might be at the frontier of the outer limits of the
           | capability we're able to reach, so it might only show up in
           | certain pockets or subsets of our overall population. Getting
           | there would still hinge on favorable probabilities and
           | circumstances that might only obtain in a small percentage of
           | cases.
           | 
           | As for Socrates, I must confess I am rather smitten with him
           | as a historical figure and as a philosopher, but for the many
           | great things that Socrates is, I don't think he's a reliable
           | authority for the evolutionary history of humanity writ
           | large. I suspect that you're entirely right that oral
           | traditions are more emotionally resonant and powerful than
           | written traditions. But don't think there's any logical
           | fallacy or contradiction in supposing that nevertheless a
           | written tradition could emerge in parallel with oral
           | traditions.
           | 
           | I suppose I do agree with your end point though, which is
           | that I'm not sure that a disposition towards the writing can
           | be pointed to as like a singular thing that's at the essence
           | of what it is to be human. In fact, I would say that that
           | very question is kind of romanticized and abstract in a way
           | that doesn't make clear contact with our scientific
           | understanding and therefore is kind of a malformed question.
           | But I don't have to agree with that form of question to
           | nevertheless believe that our capability to put language into
           | a written form had rather transcendent consequences for us as
           | a species.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | > If we have some sort of favorable evolutionary
             | circumstances that predispose us to turn into archivists
             | 
             | Intelligence - predicting the future rather than reacting
             | to the present - unlocks the possibility of communicating
             | about the future rather than just the present (basic animal
             | calls - predator alerts, intimidation threats, mating
             | calls, etc), which means the message can have value in the
             | future if stored and transmitted (unlike a predator alert
             | which is useless if not delivered in the moment).
             | 
             | It seems that writing, or proto-writing (drawings become
             | symbolic glyphs?), probably developed before message
             | carrying/sending, which then becomes the big capability
             | unlock - the ability to send/spread information and
             | therefore for humans to become a "collective intelligence"
             | able to build upon each other's discoveries.
             | 
             | It's interesting why some groups of humans never culturally
             | developed along this path though - aboriginees and forest
             | peoples who have no written language. Is it because of
             | their mode of life, or population density perhaps? Cultural
             | isolation? Why have these groups not found the utility for
             | written language?
             | 
             | Apparently as recently as 1800 global literacy rate was
             | only around 10% - perhaps just a reflection that in the
             | modern world you can passively benefit from the products of
             | our collective intelligence without yourself being part of
             | the exchange, or perhaps a reflection that desire for
             | information is not the norm for our species - more for the
             | intelligentsia?!
        
         | cpa wrote:
         | I'd love for that to be true, but our species dates back
         | 300,000 years, while writing started only 3,000 years ago.
         | Writing is definitely not a fundamental trait of our species,
         | although once we got this update, things started moving
         | quickly.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | More like 5000 or 6000 years ago at least for permanent
           | writing I'd say? I definitely read about cuneiform tablets
           | and cylinders from 3500BCE.
           | 
           | Before that might have been on wood so we don't know much
           | about it.
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | The oldest known cave paintings are 50,000+ years old. Those
           | count as archived information :) It's pictographic
           | information but it _is_ stored information :) About a hunt or
           | a ceremony or a disaster or ...
        
             | jimkleiber wrote:
             | What about oral histories? Why does it need to be written
             | if it can be memorized and shared verbally?
        
               | mattdeboard wrote:
               | I think it's very possible there are other species that
               | use "oral history" to convey information to their
               | children, like whales, dolphins, etc., so it's not "safe"
               | -- again just IMO -- to consider it uniquely human.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I guess it is hard to say... if you looked at humans in
               | any random moment when we've been around, I suppose we'd
               | look a lot like dolphins (not making much increments
               | progress generation-to-generation).
               | 
               | But, it does feel like there's something in our
               | storytelling tendency, maybe just a quantitative
               | difference (we do it a little bit more and some up with
               | slightly better summaries) that creates a qualitative one
               | (positive feedback loop in our ability to reason about
               | the universe).
               | 
               | From that point of view, writing is just an iteration of
               | the loop. A big one, though.
        
         | quickthrowman wrote:
         | How do you explain the advancement of cultural practices and
         | tools during the 95% of time (assuming 100k years) that
         | behaviorally modern humans lived prior to inventing writing
         | 5,000 years ago? This includes the invention of agriculture and
         | large scale building projects like Gobleki Tepe and so on.
         | Also, there were cities for thousands of years before writing
         | was invented.
         | 
         | I'm definitely no scholar, just a guy that is interested in
         | prehistory.
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | I'm not saying there wasn't any cultural advancement prior to
           | the invention of using written language to store information
           | for use by others. Just that there wasn't any human behavior
           | that distinguished it as unique among all other species on
           | earth.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | I'm not sure I follow, which other animals have cities and
             | agriculture?
        
               | mattdeboard wrote:
               | Bees.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | > rather the fact we write down what we know
         | 
         | Writing is a _very_ recent invention, about 5-6kya for the
         | oldest known script, and effectively one of the _last_
         | inventions of the Neolithic package. We see urban developments
         | that well predate writing; Catalhoyuk is something like 10kya,
         | and that is roughly contemporary with the earliest
         | domestication of crops and animals.
         | 
         | Even full on state-based civilization can happen in the absence
         | of writing systems--Teotihuacan rather famously was not a
         | literate society, even going so far as to exert hegemony over
         | literate Mayan city-states and _still_ not adopt any writing or
         | proto-writing system. (There are also societies like the Wari
         | and the Inca, which had quipu, themselves something that make
         | you ask  "what _is_ a writing system? ").
        
           | gnulinux wrote:
           | > Teotihuacan rather famously was not a literate society
           | 
           | Isn't this going a bit too far? Sure they didn't have a
           | modern writing system like Mayans, or even proto-writing
           | systems like Inca's quipu but we do have hard evidence of
           | Teotihuacan society communicating language with painted
           | symbols (e.g. findings in La Ventilla). It's unclear to me
           | how we can say they didn't leave writing to future
           | generations (especially assuming probably there were a lot
           | more stuff that was lost to time than we can see)
           | 
           | Also, this comment seems to slightly misunderstand what the
           | GP said imho. Yes writing is a new invention, but e.g.
           | paintings in Lascaux are about 17k years old. Which means
           | even before Catalhoyuk level civilizations, humans were
           | leaving symbols for later generations to look and decipher.
           | This is the same "archival" process GP is talking about.
           | Humans leave a message to future generations. It seems like
           | our biology must prime us to do it, because we see it
           | universally. Whether the messages we leave are writing,
           | painting, music or whatever... humans still produce things
           | for people that'll come after them. But animals are incapable
           | of doing so, even if a Bonobo is roughly as intelligent as a
           | human, it's not like it can transmit any kind of information
           | to future generations, so every generation of Bonobos need to
           | learn either from scratch or from their community. So,
           | perhaps ironically, part of being human-smart is having
           | human-precise hands that can paint/write. Without this
           | ability, we end up like bonobos, elephants, dolphins etc
           | perhaps smart but for all they know their parents were the
           | Adam and Eve.
        
             | mattdeboard wrote:
             | great point about our "biomorphology" being a perhaps-
             | essential building block of the uniquely human ability to
             | convey information symbolically for later retrieval.
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | Why do you have a strongly held armchair belief about
         | anthropology? Just research it for ten minutes.
         | 
         | Some beliefs should be lightly held.
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | > Why do you have a strongly held armchair belief?
           | 
           | What an interesting thing to say/ask.
        
             | keybored wrote:
             | Where's the lie?
        
         | antonkar wrote:
         | You're directionally right, modern comparative mythology
         | studies suggest that people were telling stories ~100 000 years
         | ago when they went out of Africa, they had an "oral library".
         | We find many similar tropes alongside their migration roads.
         | 
         | The top specialist is Berezkin, he collected thousands of
         | tropes and put it on a map http://www.mythologydatabase.com/bd/
        
         | contrarian1234 wrote:
         | By that metric Native Americans are basically animals.. which
         | is problematic.
         | 
         | However arguably humans existed from tens of thousands of years
         | and only really started to make huge technological leaps when
         | writing existed. Prewriting culture is still quite fascinating
         | and complex (ex: Homer or Olmec/Maya art) but it does seem to
         | be stuck at a certain level.
         | 
         | I think Egyptian civilization provides a fascinating mid point
         | where there is writing but it's not very accessible... And
         | Egyptian civilization is slow to develop (it's also very weird
         | they don't have their equivalent of Homer or Gilgamesh)
        
           | igravious wrote:
           | > (it's also very weird they don't have their equivalent of
           | Homer or Gilgamesh)
           | 
           | i'm not sure if this is the case or not but if it is lack of
           | evidence may not be evidence of a lack! they may have done
           | and it may have not been transmitted to us
        
           | glenstein wrote:
           | >By that metric Native Americans are basically animals..
           | 
           | The Cherokee had an extremely well developed written
           | tradition, so I don't think that inference would follow at
           | all.
        
             | earleybird wrote:
             | From the early 1800's, created by a single person.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary
        
               | mattdeboard wrote:
               | Awesome. A truly impressive feat that, among all the
               | various and sundry species populating the earth, is only
               | achievable by a human. That is exactly my point... thank
               | you! :)
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | Cave drawings throughout the American southwest demonstrate
           | Native Americans of antiquity were just as capable of
           | expressing symbolic thought via a durable medium to express
           | meaning to other humans as so-called modern humans.
           | 
           | I know I'm arguably moving the goalposts here from "writing
           | stuff down for others to read" to "using symbols on a durable
           | medium to express meaning to other humans." But that's a
           | category of behavior that writing belongs to so I don't think
           | it's logically inconsistent. :)
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | I don't think this really holds. we know, for example, that
           | there were precolombian civilizations that wrote things down
           | like the Maya and the Aztec, though much of it was destroyed
           | during colonization.
        
         | rqtwteye wrote:
         | To my knowledge Homo Sapiens developed long before writing was
         | used. And there are plenty of tribes who use only oral
         | transmission. I agree with the idea that we are archivists, be
         | it written or oral. With written you can archive much more info
         | though.
        
         | DonaldFisk wrote:
         | The thing that sets us apart from other animals is that we're
         | able to control fire.
         | 
         | By a strict definition of writing (e.g. what we're doing now),
         | people have only been able to write for a few thousand years,
         | and much of the adult population was illiterate until recently.
         | Define it widely enough (visual communication of information),
         | and some other animals (e.g. tigers) also "write":
         | https://animalresearcher.com/why-do-tigers-scrape-trees-at-s...
         | 
         | You could reasonably argue though, that we have passed on
         | information over long periods of time orally, e.g. in epic
         | poems, and that (as far as we know) no other animal does that.
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | Re: oral transmission , I'm operating under the
           | (unsubstantiated) assumption at least some species of
           | dolphins and whales, at least, are conveying "tribal"
           | information orally between generations (locations of reliable
           | hunting grounds, stuff like that). There's no definitive
           | proof of this, afaik, it's just something that seems likelier
           | than not to me.
           | 
           | Re: defining it broadly... The definition I've landed on thru
           | defending my stated belief in these comments is, "Conveying
           | information symbolically by etching it into or onto a durable
           | medium so it can be referred to later."
           | 
           | But I guess an important quality of "writing" is that it's
           | information that could otherwise be communicated with spoken
           | language, and that the written and spoken languages are
           | isomorphic.. maybe?
           | 
           | Honestly this is the first time I've put this idea out into
           | the world for criticism so I'm still working thru these
           | things :)
        
         | darksaints wrote:
         | Writing is a new phenomenon. It's certainly a novel ability,
         | but genetically we were around for a few million years before
         | we even developed civilization, tens of thousands more before
         | behavioral modernity, and only in the last 10k years have we
         | developed writing. But other commenters have already said as
         | much.
         | 
         | I would contest that what makes us unique is recursion as a
         | general ability. In that sense, writing is a method of
         | recursively building knowledge. But we also have it with spoken
         | language, as we recursively build vocabulary and grammar into
         | complex communication. We have it with tools, as we are the
         | only species (at least as far as I know) that uses tools to
         | make tools. We also seem to have it with our physical
         | abilities: witness the constantly broken records in competition
         | sports.
        
           | mattdeboard wrote:
           | Chimps and crows are documented using tools to make tools.
           | Crows in particular can make compound tools. Orangs make
           | cutting tools out of two rocks they pound together.
           | 
           | Neither tool use nor manufacture is uniquely human!
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | This part of title is interesting: "...once thought to be
         | unique to humans"
         | 
         | Which could apply to anything in future.
        
         | NoTeslaThrow wrote:
         | This seems sort of a secondary cause of our unique linguistic
         | abilities. Afaik no other animal can use recursive grammars.
         | Certainly not to the same extent.
         | 
         | Anyway this also excludes all the humans that never wrote
         | anything, which is most of them. If anything our verbal history
         | is our strongest and most ancient culture.
        
         | 1024core wrote:
         | Isn't writing barely 10,000 years old or so? For the longest
         | time, humans memorized their stories and passed them down to
         | younger generations by rote memorization.
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | > Reinforcing my strongly held belief that what fundamentally
         | sets humans apart isn't spoken language, or tools, or any of
         | that, but rather the fact we write down what we know, then make
         | those writings available to future generations to build on.
         | 
         | "Strongly held belief" would suggest authority on the subject,
         | but I suspect this is not the case. By comparison, while I
         | accept the efficacy of vaccines on the authority of the authors
         | of scientific texts on immunology and draw on circumstantial
         | information to infer probable reliability of said authorities,
         | I wouldn't say I have a "strongly held belief" either as this
         | would suggest that I, personally, have authority on the
         | subject, which I don't. My knowledge, as descriptively rich as
         | it might be, nonetheless rests on a chain of authority.
         | 
         | In any case, the first problem in these discussions is the
         | superficial notion of "language" that's often employed.
         | "Language", as a system of signs, entails signification, and
         | the kind of signification human language engages in is not
         | merely a degree removed from the kind of signification other
         | animals engage in. There is a difference in kind. There is a
         | big difference between a distress call and expressing the
         | proposition "There are five red berries in the tall bush". A
         | distress call requires no abstract concepts; the latter
         | proposition requires five. While we can say there is something
         | like or analogous to syntactic structure in a distress call or
         | some series of joined calls, none of these require concepts.
         | And abstraction of concepts is the most central and unique
         | faculty of rationality, as it is by means of concepts that we
         | can reason _about_ the world. They are the seat of
         | intentionality, not mere imagism.
        
       | DadBase wrote:
       | If bonobos start using syntax, it's only a matter of time before
       | they demand a seat at the dinner table and correct my grammar
       | mid-banana.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Fortunately bonobos have not yet learned to say "No".
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | > One core block is syntax, where meaningful units are combined
       | into longer sequences, like words into sentences.
       | 
       | I would think that syntax is a _structure_ to the sequence of
       | symbols, not just a sequence in any order. For example:
       | Thag ate Fish         Fish ate Thag
       | 
       | have different meanings.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | Syntax is hierarchical, and not as much sequential as you may
         | think. LLMs are based on these two facts.
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | > For example, the phrase "blonde dancer" has two independent
       | units: a blonde person who is also a dancer.
       | 
       | This seems a rather odd "random" language example, especially
       | coming from New Scientist. Being politically correct by then
       | referring to the "blonde" as a "person" doesn't help much. May as
       | well just use "brunette stripper" as an example - a brown haired
       | person who takes their clothes off for money.
        
         | someoneontenet wrote:
         | I think that you might be taking that example in bad faith.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | Really? How often are blonde-haired men referred to as
           | "blondes" vs women, and if you really feel the need to use
           | "blonde" as your adjective, but insist it's a sexless
           | "person", then how about "blonde engineer" instead of "blonde
           | dancer"?!
           | 
           | I've got nothing against blonde dancers, and am far from
           | politically correct myself, but in a scientific article about
           | language and Bonobos, couldn't they have chosen a more
           | appropriate example such as "yellow banana"?
        
             | marcellus23 wrote:
             | > How often are blonde-haired men referred to as "blondes"
             | vs women
             | 
             | Never, because men's hair is "blond".
             | 
             | But seriously, the original quote does not call the person
             | "a blonde," (which indeed might offend some) but instead
             | uses "blonde" as an adjective to describe the dancer, which
             | is perfectly acceptable. You can have a "blond man" or a
             | "brown-haired man" just as easily as you can have a "blonde
             | woman".
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Well, as an example of language/syntax, any language
               | example (including "blonde dancer") would be
               | "acceptable", but in this context something like "fruit
               | tree" might be more appropriate than "dumb Polack" (no
               | offense - just a syntax example).
        
             | AIPedant wrote:
             | No, because "bad dancer" is used to illustrate meaning
             | changing in a complex way; it is a person who is bad at
             | dancing, not a bad person who is dancing. Whereas "bad
             | banana" is a bad banana; "bad" operates the same way as
             | "yellow" on "banana", but "bad" and "blonde" operate
             | differently on "dancer."
             | 
             | Really seems like you're trying to enforce your own form of
             | political correctness here - "PC" is associated with
             | certain progressives, but the problem is policing language
             | and picking fights over trivial nonsense.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Surely bad and blonde (not intended to imply gender) are
               | just adjectives - a dancer who is bad (at dancing), or a
               | dancer who is blonde?
               | 
               | Trust me, if you met me you would not be suggesting I am
               | PC - but this really jumped off the page at me. Such a
               | strange example for this context!
        
       | d332 wrote:
       | > This finding doesn't mean that bonobos have language, though,
       | because language is the human communication system
       | 
       | I hate this attitude.
       | 
       | Also, I'm curious how advances in AI will shape our empathy
       | towards animals.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | I really wonder if that's a misquote or poor paraphrase. It's
         | not in quotation marks.
         | 
         | > This finding doesn't mean that bonobos have language, though,
         | because language is the human communication system, says
         | Berthet. "But we're showing that they have a very complex
         | communication system that shares parallels with human
         | language."
        
         | ang_cire wrote:
         | Peak anthropocentrism. You see this attitude all over,
         | unfortunately even in circles that should know better. It even
         | feels circular, like saying "Language is how we know people are
         | more 'advanced' than animals, but animals can never have
         | language, because language is what humans do."
        
       | linguistbreaker wrote:
       | Cool!
       | 
       | Now do it for cetaceans.
        
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