[HN Gopher] Sleep is essential - researchers are trying to work ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sleep is essential - researchers are trying to work out why
        
       Author : sohkamyung
       Score  : 210 points
       Date   : 2025-04-10 13:07 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | Extreme Sleep deprived people did hallucinate.
       | 
       | Nature may give us some hints to improve "AI" reliability.
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | It was a mistake to use the term "hallucinate" in AI. It's a
         | decent metaphor but it's best to avoid terms prone to
         | anthropomorphism.
        
           | moate wrote:
           | It was also a mistake calling it "AI".
        
             | parpfish wrote:
             | Should've just gone with calling it Al. Seems friendly and
             | you'll mistake it for actual AI until you look closer
        
               | bregma wrote:
               | You can call it Betty.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | Maybe only if you're their long last pal though.
        
           | LPisGood wrote:
           | It's less "hallucination" and more "confabulation"
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | It's "hallucination" because we got image generation before
             | text generation, but yes this is a better term.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | It's less "confabulation" than "pattern-based statistical
             | prediction"
        
           | alan-crowe wrote:
           | I've suggested Runge Spiking as an alternative, non-
           | anthropomorphic metaphor
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43612517
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | > best to avoid terms prone to anthropomorphism
           | 
           | Like "understanding" and "thinking"?
           | 
           | Or "will change everything"?
        
       | shit_stabber wrote:
       | Relevant to this, people with a genetic mutation that adversely
       | affects sleep end up developing dementia and dying early:
       | 
       | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25001-fatal-f...
        
         | api wrote:
         | I've wondered if anyone's ever looked at inducing long periods
         | of sleep as an early dementia mitigation.
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | I hereby volunteer for this study
        
           | roman_soldier wrote:
           | I already do that, I need 8 hours of sleep a day..and 10 at
           | night.
        
         | waterhouse wrote:
         | If you look carefully, what happens there is prions screwing up
         | your brain, and insomnia seems like more of a consequence than
         | a cause.
         | 
         | > The cause of death for people diagnosed with fatal familial
         | insomnia is damage to the brain and nervous system. This
         | damage, caused by prion proteins accumulating in the thalamus,
         | creates symptoms of insomnia and mental deterioration.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | I'm not a neuroscientist, but it's hard to understand why anyone
       | thinks that this mandatory downtime for all animals is just for a
       | special reason. Why wouldn't sleeping be a catch-all window for
       | autonomous maintenance and overall survival? Always take the most
       | likely reason.
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | It seems that given the options of 1) staying awake and active
         | as normal during the night and 2) using the night period to run
         | various maintenance task but without awareness the second
         | option apparently turned out to be the winner as far as
         | evolution is concerned.
         | 
         | What's interesting to me is how many animals beyond humans do
         | it - so it's not purely tied to the human cognitive functions
         | like higher order thinking etc.
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | Plenty of animals are nocturnal, diurnal, or sleep in non-24h
           | windows. Evolution does whatever works.
        
         | lizknope wrote:
         | The way dolphins sleep with half of their brain asleep is
         | fascinating to me.
         | 
         | https://us.whales.org/whales-dolphins/how-do-dolphins-sleep/
        
           | inerte wrote:
           | Also some birds, even while flying.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | Actually makes sense - like CPU that deactivates extra cores
           | to let them cool down.
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | Isn't that the crux of the question? Figuring out what all the
         | maintenance stuff our bodies need to do every night and how it
         | works seems useful
        
           | hombre_fatal wrote:
           | And whether we can recreate it without sleep.
        
         | absolutelastone wrote:
         | Depends how you look at it, but fatal things should have a
         | clear explanation for why they kill you. We can survive longer
         | without food and that one is easy to explain.
        
       | trollbridge wrote:
       | Some people seem to need a lot less sleep than others with no
       | deleterious health effects. It would be very interesting to find
       | out why.
        
         | lizknope wrote:
         | I haven't used an alarm clock in 20 years and wake up within
         | the same 5-10 minute window almost every day.
         | 
         | I have a friend that will just sleep through multiple alarms.
         | But he can also just fall asleep in 10 minutes on an airplane
         | and I can't sleep at all on a plane. He also takes lots of naps
         | and I never take a nap unless I'm sick.
         | 
         | The worst feeling to me is waking up from some external noise.
         | I just feel so groggy afterword. My body will feel better after
         | 5 hours of sleep and I just wake up naturally compared to 5
         | hours, go back to sleep for 2 hours, and get woken up during
         | the wrong time (middle of REM cycle?) and then I feel tired for
         | the whole day even though I got more sleep.
        
           | morkalork wrote:
           | Wasn't there supposed to be a smart watch out there you could
           | set a window of time you wanted to wake up like "between 6:30
           | and 7:00" where it would use the sleep tracking to pick the
           | optimal time to wake you up like at the end of a REM cycle? I
           | feel like I must have hallucinated this because I'm wearing a
           | smart watch (fitbit) now and no such feature exists.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | It's an app that uses data from your watch, the name is
             | something like sleep cycle.
        
             | rorytbyrne wrote:
             | Apple Watch does this.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | Not ootb-separate app needed?
        
             | coderc wrote:
             | I'm wearing a fitbit (charge 6) now, and I still have this
             | feature. It's called "Smart wake"
             | https://gadgetsandwearables.com/2021/07/09/fitbit-smart-
             | wake...
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | A-ha that answers my question
               | 
               | >while the new Inspire 2 gives insights into sleep
               | stages, the Smart Wake feature is absent. We're not sure
               | why this is. Hopefully it will come via a software
               | update.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | There's an Android app called "Sleep" that does this
             | without the watch. You put your phone on the corner of your
             | bed and it figures out how awake you are with the
             | accelerometer.
             | 
             | Quick edit, I guess the name changed slightly: https://play
             | .google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.urbandroid...
        
           | david-gpu wrote:
           | Your friend could benefit from a sleep study. I'm not saying
           | they have sleep apnea or UARS, but people with those
           | disorders often have those symptoms.
        
         | mikeweiss wrote:
         | Yes, I'm one of the people that needs a solid 7-8 of sleep or
         | else I easily become agitated, and anxiety and OCD kick in
         | quickly ... Would love for this to not be the case, if there
         | was a way for me to need less sleep I would be very interested
        
           | devinprater wrote:
           | Really? I thought I was the only one. Everyone around me seem
           | to do fine with a good 3-5 hours of sleep. Before I lost
           | weight, even if I had a good 7 hours of sleep, I'd still fall
           | asleep at work. Now, even if I do get sleepy, a little moving
           | around fixes things.
        
             | hersko wrote:
             | 3-5 hours a night??
        
             | tking8924 wrote:
             | One thing to note, I have ADHD and have similar issues
             | getting sleepy when understimulated no matter how much
             | sleep I get at night. Getting up and moving around for
             | stimulation helps.
        
         | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
         | My wife needs 8-9 hours, whereas I can get by just fine with
         | 5-6. She is a very light sleeper who will wake up 3-4 times
         | every night; I can sleep through almost any noise, and never
         | get up in the middle of the night. My son takes after me -- he
         | seems to need significantly less sleep than other kids his age,
         | but he's an extraordinarily deep sleeper.
         | 
         | Anecdotal, but I think that sleep depth might have something to
         | do with it.
        
           | jader201 wrote:
           | I used to get by fine with 5-6 hours, too, until I started
           | getting 7-8 and realized how much better I feel.
        
             | bkandel wrote:
             | I think this is pretty common! More sleep makes everything
             | better -- attention, immune system (getting colds less
             | often), mood, etc.
        
               | randomopining wrote:
               | I feel like a different person sometimes. And going to
               | bed even 1hr earlier makes it generally much higher
               | quality.
        
             | Noumenon72 wrote:
             | I have spent months at a time getting 7-8 (amid years of
             | 5-6). I never notice any difference and am actually
             | surprised my body can do 7-8 to no purpose.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | From the perspective of evolution there's a purpose...
               | burn fewer calories in the dark when there's nothing else
               | to do.
               | 
               | The question is whether it still matters in the modern
               | era.
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | Anecdotal also but I sometimes sleep alone in my office (have
           | a futon) where it is very quiet. I usually feel fully rested
           | after 6 hours in there versus 8 hours in bed with wife, dog
           | and the cat occasionally coming through.
           | 
           | I wish culturally it was standard for houses to have
           | something like `sleep` rooms that are optimized for that
           | purpose.
        
             | fooster wrote:
             | They're called a bedroom.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | Obviously he means a room for one person to sleep. It's
               | called a bedroom too but he knows that and so do you.
        
               | roman_soldier wrote:
               | That's called a divorce
        
             | marcuschong wrote:
             | I stopped sleeping with my wife in the same bedroom some
             | years ago and it was great for our sleep quality.
             | 
             | It's very funny how people conflate that with other aspects
             | of couples relationships.
        
         | shlant wrote:
         | > with no deleterious health effects
         | 
         | Is that actually the case? do we have long term data on these
         | people? or are we just going off of "I feel fine on 5 hours of
         | sleep" stories? Or are you only referring to day to day health
         | effects?
        
           | magneticnorth wrote:
           | It's a fairly well studied phenomenon known as short sleeper
           | syndrome.
           | 
           | https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gene-
           | id...
           | 
           | There are no known health problems caused by this syndrome,
           | according to a Cleveland Clinic overview page:
           | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/short-
           | sleeper...
        
             | NoTeslaThrow wrote:
             | > There are no known health problems caused by this
             | syndrome
             | 
             | Presumably they mean there's no evidence of this syndrome
             | causing health issues (presumably the "known" part is
             | redundant). Trying to position a causal hypothesis as a
             | matter-of-fact-finding is crazy.
             | 
             | EDIT: that article is insanely poorly written and even
             | worse cited. How are these websites giving super-sketchy
             | medical advice even legal. There's no author to hold
             | accountable, no way to remediate the quality of the
             | article, no sources cited, and it's making statements that
             | wouldn't hold up in a court of law.
        
               | Noumenon72 wrote:
               | I don't understand what you are objecting to. What would
               | the causal hypothesis be, "this syndrome causes no
               | diseases"? It's just an ordinary claim that if the
               | syndrome is harmful, it's not as immediately apparent as
               | something like sniffing glue. It's saying "this is
               | harmless" can't be ruled out.
        
               | NoTeslaThrow wrote:
               | > There are no known health problems caused by this
               | syndrome
               | 
               | This is a causal hypothesis framed as a statement. The
               | rhetorics indicate an authoritative statement of fact
               | regarding what the syndrome does cause, which is
               | fundamentally an impossible conclusion to draw
               | empirically.
               | 
               | The only hedge in the sentence is "known", which is
               | tautological.
               | 
               | Of course, it's impossible to eliminate all variables,
               | making authoritative claims about lack of causal relation
               | impossible. But at least they could make the effort to
               | frame this uncertainty in reasonable terms.
               | 
               | > What would the causal hypothesis be, "this syndrome
               | causes no diseases"?
               | 
               | EDIT: but c'mon, just read the article. It's extremely
               | bold in its claims with no evidence. "If you have short
               | sleeper syndrome, you don't need as much sleep as others.
               | You can expect this to continue throughout your life."
               | "Natural short sleepers don't experience the same health
               | risks as people who don't get enough sleep." etc. I don't
               | see any semantic difference between this and "this
               | syndrome causes no known diseases". (or "SSS doesn't pose
               | any known health risks." as the actual quotation states.)
        
           | trollbridge wrote:
           | There's been research on it, although not as much as I wish.
           | I'm one of those people who simply needs more sleep than the
           | average, as does my dad... meanwhile, my mother chugs away
           | just fine on 5 hours or so, and is in better health than
           | either of we men are.
           | 
           | People who accomplish a great deal are often one of these
           | "short sleepers" who can subsist on 5 or even 4 hours of
           | sleep a night; think top-of-their-field salesmen, CEOs, and
           | so on. They simply have more time to get things done, and
           | don't have the problem longer sleepers do that getting 4-5
           | hours on a regular basis would start to affect their
           | performance in every area of life, not to mention their
           | health.
        
         | qntmfred wrote:
         | my dad typically gets 3-4 hours sleep a night. when he was a
         | kid he fractured his skull riding his bike and has a hard time
         | getting comfortable laying on a pillow for very long. despite
         | that he's been able to maintain a high performance lifestyle
         | for most of his life. i've also been very interested to know
         | how he's been able to do it.
        
         | Damogran6 wrote:
         | I sleep 5-6 hours a night. I also seem to be bi-phasic...on the
         | weekends if I wake up after 5 hours, hang around for an hour
         | and successfully go back to sleep, the second cycle is the
         | sleep of the dead. Like, I don't move. Wake up with limbs
         | fallen asleep, a deep divot in the memory foam...and a lot more
         | rested.
         | 
         | (as an aside: have CPAP, apnea is not a factor.)
        
           | dodongobongo wrote:
           | iirc, biphasic sleep is the "usual way" people sleep without
           | the advent of electricity, yes? "the waking hour", and all
           | that.
           | 
           | I wonder if there was an increase in dementia-related
           | disorders once lightbulbs kept people up longer.
        
             | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
             | > iirc, biphasic sleep is the "usual way" people sleep
             | without the advent of electricity, yes? "the waking hour",
             | and all that.
             | 
             | I honestly believe that this is not "natural", but rather
             | an adaptation to the absurdly long European winter nights.
             | Note that we didn't evolve there, so it seems unlikely that
             | bi-phasic sleep is the most primal way.
        
               | kridsdale1 wrote:
               | Some of us have partially evolved for that environment.
               | My ancestors eyes turned blue to see in the dim light and
               | their hair and skin changed from Ethiopian Black to pale
               | and blonde af.
               | 
               | Seems reasonable to expect some degree of genetic drift
               | in sleep regulation as well, but I know of no data on
               | this.
        
               | absolutelastone wrote:
               | A bigger pupil would work better for dim light vision.
               | Light through the iris would sacrifice daylight vision.
               | The light skin on the other hand does have an obvious
               | benefit in that climate for Vitamin D.
        
               | tinyhouse wrote:
               | Everything is an adaptation to something. The one 8 hours
               | sleep a night is also an adaptation for the life style we
               | adapted for in the last 100+ plus years.
        
           | delichon wrote:
           | A CPAP had a severe negative effect on my sleep even after
           | two years of getting used to it. I had severe apnea measured
           | in a sleep study, but even so I've done better without it.
        
             | Damogran6 wrote:
             | It helps for me...of course if I dropped 40 lbs, it
             | probably wouldn't be needed...but then there's the whole
             | GLP-1/Weight thing.
        
         | Spellman wrote:
         | There are a very small minority that seem to have a genetic
         | component requiring less sleep for them (4-6hr).
         | 
         | https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2018/03/410051/scientists-discover...
        
           | warp wrote:
           | A subsequent study has not found any link between the
           | ADRB1/DEC2/other gene mutations and various sleep conditions:
           | 
           | - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9499244/
           | 
           | I am incapable of sleeping more than about 5.5 hours (unless
           | I'm severely sleep deprived). So to me it seems likely that
           | FNSS (familial natural short sleep) is a thing, but more
           | research is needed I guess.
        
       | holri wrote:
       | I have just read this book and found it very interesting and
       | helpful:
       | 
       | https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Why-We-Sleep/Matthew-...
        
         | netrap wrote:
         | I've seen this book talked about a lot. However, I also have
         | heard that there is some big holes in the research. Take a look
         | online.
        
           | waterhouse wrote:
           | The citation is "Matthew Walker's "Why We Sleep" Is Riddled
           | with Scientific and Factual Errors":
           | https://guzey.com/books/why-we-sleep/
        
         | kpennell wrote:
         | fwiw, I found the 'the sleep fix' much more helpful
        
       | api wrote:
       | Whatever sleep does, it's something nature has had a tough time
       | optimizing out despite the _extreme_ vulnerability it creates and
       | the sacrifice of a little under half an organism 's waking time.
       | 
       | That should tell us it's something incredibly important that's
       | hard to do any other way.
       | 
       | Edit: on the other hand... if Earth had two suns and rarely had
       | periods of darkness, you wonder if maybe there would have been
       | more evolutionary pressure to find another way.
        
         | danenania wrote:
         | Sleep is vulnerable, but it also keeps you curled up and hidden
         | somewhere rather than out in the open walking around and taking
         | risks.
        
         | swatcoder wrote:
         | Alternately, sleep is the optimal ultra-high-efficiency
         | survival state and wakefulness only exists to give creatures
         | enough time to get their affairs in order so that they can
         | safely return to dormancy.
         | 
         | It's easy to think of sleep as a compromise to be defeated
         | because we're culturally preoccupied with the achievements and
         | pleasures of wakefulness, but that's really just us claiming
         | personal preference for one narrow part of a holistic system
         | that's just doing its own survival and propagation thing.
         | 
         | Consider trees, mushrooms, cicadas, snakes, or cats. Chilling
         | out in low power mode as much is possible is maybe not a error
         | to be fixed so much as it is an outcome of efficient design.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | Consider hibernation. Evolution went to great trouble there
           | to maximize the duration that some animals can sleep for -
           | and it's pretty clearly solely designed to save power.
           | 
           | Which doesn't mean that's the only thing sleep is good for,
           | evolution doesn't believe in separating concerns, but it's
           | definitely a thing it does.
        
           | throwaway7893 wrote:
           | I think one of our goals is to reduce entropy in the
           | Universe, and being awake lets us do 100x more of that than
           | if we were in low power mode
        
             | kridsdale1 wrote:
             | What kind of sleep are you having that is more entropic
             | than your waking?
        
               | throwaway7893 wrote:
               | Entropy increases in the universe by default, so sleeping
               | allows that to happen more than in the waking state
        
           | kridsdale1 wrote:
           | I enjoy this flipped perspective.
           | 
           | The default and optimal state of a life form is waiting and
           | efficiently using resources.
           | 
           | Moving around, socializing and reproducing, killing and
           | eating, are all energy expenditures or necessary to be able
           | to prolong the sleep-life. Annoyances, from the POV of the
           | sleep-being.
        
           | debug-desperado wrote:
           | "Hurry up and idle" for CPU design ended up being great for
           | power efficiency. Nature came to the same conclusion for
           | biological organisms a long time ago.
        
         | polishdude20 wrote:
         | I wonder if we looked at really basic life forms like bacteria,
         | would we find things akin to sleep at that level? What about
         | next up in sophistication?
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | Seems likely like the need for sleep then selects for many
         | social/group behaviors. "Solo self-found" is not really an
         | option unless you're really good at hiding or have some other
         | tricks
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | Most animals sleep alone, that's simple reality.
        
         | matthest wrote:
         | Yeah. Nature is the ultimate form of science. At any moment,
         | it's incorporating an infinite amount of science, most of which
         | we likely haven't discovered yet, and may not discover for
         | millions of years - if ever.
         | 
         | Nature developed over millions of years of trial and error.
        
           | amadeoeoeo wrote:
           | That is like saying God is the ultimate form of religion
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | > if Earth had two suns and rarely had periods of darkness, you
         | wonder if maybe there would have been more evolutionary
         | pressure to find another way.
         | 
         | Cats sleep during the day without any issues. So the amount of
         | light seems to not matter.
         | 
         | By the way I wonder do their ear sleep or not because they
         | still wake up easily if there is some suspicious sound.
        
       | EncomLab wrote:
       | The generations in my family are full of people who had
       | dementia/Alzheimer's/auto-immune disorders. They all had anxiety,
       | and they all had sleep disorders - I'm certain there is a
       | connection among it all.
       | 
       | I joined a Stanford study and had a spinal tap sample submitted
       | for testing - in theory I am "unlikely" to develop anything for
       | the next 20 years - but that only gets me to my late 60's :(
        
         | genter wrote:
         | Same, except we also have digestive issues. I'm really hoping a
         | paleo diet and good probiotics will save me. It's already
         | helped me a lot. I'll let you know in 40 years if it prevents
         | me from getting Alzheimer's.
        
           | 0xEF wrote:
           | [x] Anxiety
           | 
           | [x] Sleep apnea
           | 
           | [x] Digestive issues
           | 
           | [x] Former psychonaut
           | 
           | [x] Highly stressed pretty much always due to work
           | 
           | I can only hope that whatever brand of dementia I end up with
           | is something akin to Mr Toad's Wild Ride, or whatever. I'd be
           | happy just to go out either laughing or well-rested.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | > something akin to Mr Toad's Wild Ride
             | 
             | You know the plot of that ride, right?
        
           | dumbfounder wrote:
           | If you remember to do so.
        
           | iknowSFR wrote:
           | If you're supplementing probiotics, there is some research
           | about inulin to talk through with your doctor. There's a
           | chance that inulin is carcinogenic even at lower doses. A
           | lower dosage might be 4g and a typical probiotic is 200g.
           | 
           | Reasons to be wary of this research, including:
           | 
           | -The rodent-to-human study element
           | 
           | -causation v correlation
           | 
           | -sample size
           | 
           | Reasons to take this research seriously:
           | 
           | -Probiotic supplements are relatively new and long term
           | effects aren't understood.
           | 
           | -The "health as a business" realities that are very much at
           | work here.
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277257232.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://news.gsu.edu/2018/10/18/adding-refined-fiber-to-
           | proc...
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | Probiotics usually refers to bacteria, inulin and other
             | indigestible starches are usually referred to as
             | prebiotics.
        
             | astura wrote:
             | This is a strange comment, inulin is not a probiotic, it's
             | a soluble dietary fiber. It's at best considered a
             | prebiotic. Probiotics are microorganisms.
        
               | SaintGhurka wrote:
               | Strange or not, it's correct.
               | 
               | Culturelle contains inulin. That's the brand that takes
               | up most of the space at my local CVS and Walgreens. Also
               | the CVS-brand knockoff contains inulin.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | ...in miniscule amounts. Culturelle has 200mg inulin.
               | 
               | From the case study in the GP
               | 
               | >The only noted lifestyle change between colonoscopies
               | was the initiation of 4 grams of agave inulin powder
               | daily in his morning beverage for the last 2 years of
               | that seven-year period.
        
         | Natsu wrote:
         | From what I've found, being overweight negatively affects
         | sleep. As far as I can tell, the extra weight simply makes it
         | hard to breathe at night, leading to apnea. This can then cause
         | depression and anxiety, depression because you wake up tired
         | and feeling awful every single day and anxiety because you may
         | wake up with night terrors after suffocating in your sleep.
         | 
         | At least it's easy to get a home sleep apnea test and an
         | APAP/CPAP these days.
        
           | schwartzworld wrote:
           | Easy to get, hard to get used to for many. It's common for
           | doctors to offer little to no support after prescribing the
           | machine.
        
             | anktor wrote:
             | How would support look like in this situation? Honest
             | question I simply don't know
        
               | koolba wrote:
               | At the extreme end of concierge medicine I could see the
               | doctor getting into bed with you.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | It needs extensive calibration, if you don't want it to
               | either be ineffective, or wake up in the morning, with
               | your stomach pumped full of air, like a balloon.
               | 
               | The latter is quite painful.
        
               | ethersteeds wrote:
               | I think it would be a good case for handing off from the
               | prescribing doctor to some kind of home health aid /
               | respiratory therapist who can make house calls and help
               | make adjustments at the home.
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | > anxiety because you may wake up with night terrors after
           | suffocating in your sleep.
           | 
           | I have SA and a history of "mild" nightmares going back
           | decades. Nothing terrifying, but very uncomfortable such as
           | snakes hiding everywhere, and recently other animals such as
           | tigers. I can't prove it, but I believe these are
           | subconscious efforts by your brain to scare you into
           | breathing.
        
       | esafak wrote:
       | So you can concentrate your energy on maintenance tasks, like
       | memory consolidation and physical restoration, during the down
       | time during which it is cold and dark -- when you can't
       | effectively hunt and stay warm. If you did not do that, you would
       | have to constantly allocate some energy towards these tasks, at
       | the expense of more urgent ones. And the higher up you are in the
       | food chain, the less risky it is to rest.
        
         | sparsely wrote:
         | Which maintenance tasks, why does it require us to be
         | unconscious, why can't we apply constant energy towards them?
         | Lots of interesting questions to answer
        
           | cut3 wrote:
           | Mental and physical body process refactoring is my guess
        
             | kridsdale1 wrote:
             | Cant run inference on the model while it's in a new
             | training run.
        
           | euroderf wrote:
           | Quiet, so as not to attract predators.
        
           | esafak wrote:
           | Like memory consolidation and physical restoration. My lay
           | understanding is that we are unconscious because we turn our
           | sensors off during deep sleep, and direct energy away from
           | the prefrontal cortex, where reasoning and consciousness
           | reside, to the limbic system, which processes memories and
           | feelings, so that learning can take place.
        
       | ninetyninenine wrote:
       | There's this one guy in Vietnam who literally doesn't sleep ever.
       | 
       | https://www.news18.com/amp/buzz/meet-80-year-old-vietnamese-...
       | 
       | Google it. There's a lot about him. It's like the one thing that
       | makes zero sense in all this research about sleep.
        
         | privacyking wrote:
         | He might have some mutation that means all this housekeeping
         | happens all the time I guess.
        
       | aantix wrote:
       | When I take a supplement with sulforaphane, I feel like I need
       | less sleep.
       | 
       | I feel refreshed in the morning. Strange.
        
       | throwaway290 wrote:
       | We have no understanding of medicine.
        
         | matthest wrote:
         | Yeah, if you think about it in the grand scheme of things, this
         | is true.
         | 
         | Our science is fairly reductionist. Nature is incorporating
         | vast amounts of science, most of which we probably don't even
         | know about yet.
        
       | proee wrote:
       | Running improved my sleep quality dramatically. Now the problem
       | is, that if I take a day off running, my sleeping suffers.
       | Curious if people that do weight lifting (which I'm considering)
       | get great sleeps? Maybe I can alternate between cardio and weight
       | lifting each day?
        
         | seper8 wrote:
         | For me it really depends on when - if i go run after 8PM i
         | definitely sleep worse.
        
         | mter wrote:
         | Any physically tiring activity makes me sleep better. From
         | lifting to running to walking long distances.
         | 
         | You should alternate cardio and weight lifting for general
         | health, not just for sleep. The weight training helps with
         | muscle/bone loss as you age
        
         | jwilber wrote:
         | Anecdotally, I get dramatically better sleep after good cardio.
         | Weightlifting doesn't seem to have much of an effect.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | I play hockey frequently and have the same issue. When we go on
         | vacation, I sleep worse, need to sleep later and longer to feel
         | better. I know that even moderate cardio regulates circadian
         | rhythm and helps with body temperature regulation. Your body's
         | temperature increases during exercise, when you stop and your
         | body temp comes back down, neurologically it tells the body
         | you're now ready for sleep. Exercise also helps regulate
         | melatonin production which affects your sleeping cycles.
         | 
         | When I play in really hard, grueling sessions, taking CBD also
         | helps reduce the inflammation in my body and helps me sleep
         | deeper. I also stretch for at least 30-40 mins when I get done
         | which also helps.
         | 
         | So it makes sense, once you stop or change your body's cycle,
         | it can affect a lot of other areas of your day-to-day schedule.
        
           | bitcoin_anon wrote:
           | I will add creatine as a supplement to improve sleep in the
           | face of hard exercise.
        
         | 121789 wrote:
         | yes, I alternate and it works fine. in my experience
         | running/heavy cardio sleep > yoga sleep > weight lifting sleep
         | >> no exercise sleep. if that makes sense
        
         | matthest wrote:
         | Walking. Walk 3 miles a day. It gives you a drastically
         | different set of benefits from running, and you can walk all
         | day without worry of overtraining.
         | 
         | Running is great too. But be careful of doing it too much.
         | Overtraining can break down your immune system and make you
         | more susceptible to disease.
        
           | qwerpy wrote:
           | I wonder if it only works for a dedicated walking time (e.g.
           | walk for 3 miles nonstop) or also for bursts of short walking
           | during the day. I consistently get 3-5 miles of walking per
           | day due to chasing kids around, taking short breaks during
           | work, and doing chores, but rarely actually have a 30+ min
           | sustained walk.
        
             | matthest wrote:
             | Benefits to both I think.
             | 
             | A sustained walk maximizes digestion and subconscious
             | problem-solving benefits. Short bursts, especially w/ kids
             | involved, maximizes spiritual fulfillment.
             | 
             | Both are probably great for metabolic health.
        
         | 0xEF wrote:
         | I tried weight lifting/strength training for about a year and
         | never really noticed an improvement in sleep quality. However,
         | it was still a net positive in the strength/overall daily
         | energy department.
         | 
         | I used to bike a lot, stopped after a leg/back injury (not from
         | biking), but I picked up an eBike about 3 years ago and
         | absolutely love it. The pedal assist takes enough stress off my
         | leg that I can keep it on the lowest setting and ride for
         | hours, which feels really, really good and does actually help
         | with sleep that night. This, of course, is weather/season
         | dependent but I relish the times when I can just hop on after
         | work and go somewhere.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | Definitely - anything that physically tires me out enough helps
         | a lot. I would say weight lifting actually might help more for
         | personal insomnia.
         | 
         | I mostly do distance running though - shorter interval training
         | or sprints kills me and probably also is better for sleep. Or
         | I'm just less used to it
        
         | raydev wrote:
         | I used to run long distance. I'd have to go for 15+km in a
         | single session to get any noticeable impact on sleep and it
         | wasn't huge.
         | 
         | Weightlifting on the other hand... a solid hour of going heavy
         | will put me out like a baby every time.
         | 
         | I'm very curious why. Am I just built for long distance running
         | and NOT for building muscle?
        
         | SubmarineClub wrote:
         | I bodybuild, and when I'm lifting hard -- especially peaking
         | volume at the end of a mesocycle -- my body CRAVES sleep. I'll
         | fall asleep as soon as my head hits the pillow and sleep 8 to 9
         | hours basically straight through.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Likely it also because your other body parts needs repairing, not
       | just the brain and the brain tells you by being sleepy.
       | Evolutionarily, why we don't go on for 24hrs maybe because we
       | have night time.
        
       | ivraatiems wrote:
       | Tangentially related, but very important to me and hopefully
       | helpful to others here: I have sleep apnea. So do most of the men
       | in my family. Though I am overweight, I haven't always been, but
       | I have always had the condition, as have they. For those who
       | don't know, sleep apnea is a condition where you stop breathing
       | in your sleep, wake up slightly to fix that and start breathing
       | again, and then fall back asleep. It sounds like choking in your
       | sleep. In my case, I was doing this more than 70 times an hour -
       | often multiple times a minute! My blood oxygen was as low as 67%
       | - a threshold that would have me on a ventilator, were it
       | happening in a hospital.
       | 
       | Until I got my apnea treated, I never slept well. I had not had a
       | really good night's sleep in years, and I hadn't had a great
       | night's sleep as an adult probably ever. In school - decades ago
       | - I fell asleep in class regularly and napped every day. Despite
       | this, I have been successful, but I can't help but wonder who I'd
       | be if I hadn't had that problem. What's worse, because you do not
       | actually sleep, whatever happens during sleep that repairs your
       | body doesn't really happen. Sleep apnea massively increases your
       | risk for heart disease, stroke, and many other serious
       | conditions.
       | 
       | Sleep apnea is treated with CPAP - continuous positive airway
       | pressure - from a machine that sits on your bedside. You wear a
       | mask like Bane and it forces air into your throat and opens it,
       | making it easier to breathe. CPAP is not a cure, because it
       | doesn't fix the underlying anatomical issue, but properly
       | calibrated it results in complete remission. I now sleep
       | normally. From a sleep perspective, I feel amazing, better than I
       | have in years. For the first time in my life, I can rely on
       | feeling good in the morning if I get enough hours of sleep in.
       | Even four hours on the CPAP is better than eight or nine hours
       | without it. (Also, over time, your brain becomes conditioned that
       | CPAP = sleep, and you zonk out within minutes of putting it on.)
       | 
       | It is costly and time consuming, yes, and CPAP machines are a
       | huge lifestyle adjustment. But good lord, is it worth it. I have
       | never felt or slept better. In the years since my diagnosis I
       | have not slept a single night without my CPAP and I don't think I
       | ever will again, unless some magical cure comes out.
       | 
       | If you have struggled with insomnia, snoring, or feeling wakeful
       | after sleep, I beg you to get a sleep study and look into whether
       | apnea, or another similar condition, could be the cause.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Do you know if fitness trackers with integrated pulse oximeters
         | can detect sleep apnea?
         | 
         | My Apple Watch has an oximeter (I bought it before that feature
         | was pulled in the US), and there's a "sleep apnea
         | notifications" section in the "Health" app, but I'm not sure if
         | the absence of notifications implies an absence of a problem.
         | 
         | Would sleep apnea always be visible as a lower blood oxygen
         | level when sleeping, or can there be negative effects even
         | without that?
        
           | ivraatiems wrote:
           | I'm not a doctor, can't give medical advice. This is my
           | understanding:
           | 
           | > Would sleep apnea always be visible as a lower blood oxygen
           | level when sleeping, or can there be negative effects even
           | without that?
           | 
           | It would not always be visible, no, if your AHI was low
           | enough. It is still damaging even if your blood oxygen is
           | okay, because you are waking up to keep it that way. You're
           | not getting enough sleep as a result.
           | 
           | You might try the recording trick I mentioned below to listen
           | for sounds of it, but if you're unsure at all, I'd consider
           | seeing a sleep doc.
        
           | ShakataGaNai wrote:
           | Lower blood ox could just be you sleeping on your arm. Among
           | other things.
           | 
           | If you're concerned with Sleep apnea testing is _very_ easy
           | these days. You goto a sleep specialist, they give you a
           | little kit you take home, you put it on for one night, they
           | look at the data. Done! It 's not like even a decade or so
           | ago where it's "goto sleep lab", most of it's done at home
           | now for the initial investigation.
        
           | canucker2016 wrote:
           | While the Oura ring won't alert the user to sleep apnea, one
           | person with an Oura ring looked at the accumulated data from
           | their Oura ring and could see the signs of sleep apnea -
           | https://www.tomsguide.com/features/my-oura-ring-helped-me-
           | di...
           | 
           | Ringconn, similar to Oura without the compulsory
           | subscription, claims to be able to detect sleep apnea with
           | 90.7% accuracy. see
           | https://ringconn.com/blogs/news/understanding-sleep-apnea-
           | an...
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Newer Apple Watches are able to detect signs consistent with
           | sleep apnea (which is legally distinct from actually
           | diagnosing it).
        
           | torial wrote:
           | RingConn Gen 2 has built-in Apnea monitoring -- so far I am
           | loving it. It provides a picture of my sleep apnea when I'm
           | not using the CPAP (because the CPAP can be uncomfortable
           | after a while).
        
         | swah wrote:
         | Is there any chance that Apple Watch or wife would not notice a
         | severe apnea condition?
        
           | ivraatiems wrote:
           | No idea about Apple Watch, but wife, definitely. My wife
           | noticed it. (She's also a doctor, but anyone can identify the
           | sound of choking and gasping, which is what it sounds like.)
           | 
           | I can't give medical advice, but: Record yourself on your
           | phone overnight and listen back. If you hear loud snoring
           | with gaps or pauses in between, and especially any sort of
           | choking, gasping, or coughing sound, and you don't remember
           | doing it... definitely look into it further.
        
           | instagib wrote:
           | No and yes for wife or a video recording. Get a sleep study
           | for 100%.
           | 
           | My suggestion is an elevated sleep position by increasing
           | your head position with two stacked pillows or raising the
           | head of the bed. It mechanically helps sleep apnea. It got me
           | from a high Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) score to a very low
           | one with the cpap.
           | 
           | The Apple Watch has not shown an ability to identify sleep
           | disturbances or sleep apnea when it should according to my
           | cpap AHI score and when napping/sleeping without a cpap.
           | 
           | Blood oxygen measurements are basically useless from my
           | research unless you need oxygen because you are so sick you
           | cannot walk short distances. Everyone seems to have a
           | different % they function well at asleep or awake. I have
           | also used a much more accurate and faster reading device than
           | the Apple Watch.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | A severe condition is very noticeable. The sleeping person
           | stops breathing for up to a minute or two, and then does a
           | sudden _gasp_ for air.
           | 
           | And this repeats all night long.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | So, it's not all sunshine and flowers. It sounds like your
         | calibration process was successful, but when its not, you end
         | up with a range of problems, including the ever-fun one of 'my
         | stomach has been pumped full of air overnight and I feel like a
         | balloon ready to burst' - _every single morning_.
        
         | 4gotunameagain wrote:
         | CPAP is a very American solution, pay money and treat the
         | symptom with minimal effort but not the underlying cause.
         | 
         | The vast majority of cases of sleep apnea can be cured with
         | weight loss, exercise, nasal breathing exercises..
        
           | ivraatiems wrote:
           | That is simply not true. Anecdotally, three people in my
           | family including myself have sleep apnea. I am the only
           | overweight one. The others are a normal or even low BMI.
           | Also, I had sleep apnea when I wasn't overweight.
           | 
           | Studies show that non-overweight or obese people with sleep
           | apnea are extremely common and make up between 20 and 40% of
           | all apnea sufferers:
           | 
           | 1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5181619/
           | 
           | 2. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-024-01669-9
           | 
           | 3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9130173/#:~:text=
           | Ap...
           | 
           | 4. https://ejo.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43163-024-0
           | 06...
           | 
           | 5. https://home.liebertpub.com/publications/respiratory-
           | care/68...
           | 
           | "Nasal breathing exercises" cannot overcome physiology and
           | cannot help you if you are sleeping and have no conscious
           | control over your muscles. Apnea is caused by physiology and
           | while it can be made worse by weight, weight loss alone does
           | not fix it. It may bring some people's apneas down to an
           | acceptable level, but that is not the case for all or even
           | most patients.
           | 
           | Your advice is roughly the same as telling people to skip
           | their flu or COVID shots and hope their diet and exercise
           | keeps them from getting sick. It's not that diet and exercise
           | are _bad_ for you, but they aren 't the same as an exact
           | treatment for the problem you have.
        
         | ein0p wrote:
         | FWIW I had moderate sleep apnea (nowhere near as bad as what
         | you're describing) and I "cured" it by forcing myself to
         | breathe through my nose at least 90% of the time, including
         | when sleeping. Some people tape their mouth shut, but I can't
         | do that - I have a beard. Breathing through the nose seems to
         | have fixed the permanently runny nose as well, I don't know
         | why. I know it's all individual and what worked for me might
         | not work for everyone, but IMO it's worth a try. The downside
         | is, until the corresponding musculature regains strength you
         | will feel like you're out of air. It'll take 3-4 weeks to fully
         | adjust. It'll pass, don't worry.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | My hypopnea (pre-apnea) is getting resolved as I have lost a
         | lot of weight by following a program using GLP-1 meds. I also
         | no longer have knee discomfort when hiking or doing long climbs
         | on my bike (used to wear a sleeve beforehand to do that). Not
         | to mention, I just look and feel better.
         | 
         | CPAP is a life-saver for sure, but treating your underlying
         | causes of apnea can often help as well.
        
       | mentos wrote:
       | I saw this post where Andrej Karpathy asks if hyperbaric oxygen
       | therapy might work like exercise by boosting oxygen to tissues, I
       | wonder if sleep has any correlation.
       | 
       | https://x.com/karpathy/status/1903586665832321271?s=46
        
       | leonidasv wrote:
       | The periods of my life I was the most productive and learned the
       | most were when those when I managed to sleep >=8 hours every
       | single night, in a dark, silent environment. I still manage to
       | sleep >=7 hours most nights, but I feel like it's getting harder
       | to keep a baseline of 8 hours for every night. Don't know if my
       | sleep needs changed over time due to aging, or if it's just a
       | consequence of having more responsibilities.
        
       | amai wrote:
       | "In a 2023 study, researchers in Brazil found that fruit flies
       | that were sleep deprived showed overexpression mostly of genes
       | that affected metabolism, glucose, triglyceride and levels of the
       | hormone dopamine"
       | 
       | "After just one day of restricting sleep in mice, Rogulja could
       | see fats in the animals' intestines that weren't entering
       | circulation. After five days, their guts were filled with fat
       | although their bodies were starved of nutrients."
       | 
       | This is interesting. People with Autism and ADHD often have gut
       | issues and problems with dopamine etc. Maybe these deceases are
       | caused by constant sleep deprivation.
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | We work in the neurotech/sleeptech space, specifically with the
       | stimulation which was VERY poorly described in this article where
       | they discuss "pink noise".
       | 
       | They point to one small study in 7 participants, but slow-wave
       | enhancement (increasing slow-wave delta power) has over a decade
       | of research, including 4 recent papers in older adults looking at
       | Alzheimer's both as a preventative measure and as management of
       | symptoms (we can't say treatment yet, that's still many studies
       | away).
       | 
       | We provide our technology to researchers, and are preparing our
       | consumer product.
       | 
       | You can find more on our website, as well as links to a few of
       | the more relevant studies at https://affectablesleep.com
       | 
       | How I describe the technology is that slow-wave activity is the
       | synchronous firing of neurons, the hallmark and defining feature
       | of deep sleep. We can't create slow-waves, but we can increase
       | the electrical activity, increase the synchronous firing of
       | neurons, which is like giving the glymphatic system an extra
       | boost of power. This enhances the restorative function of the
       | brain, without altering sleep time.
       | 
       | I should be completing our whitepaper which provides a more in
       | depth look at the technology, the state of sleep, and a large
       | chronological list of how the research has progressed over the
       | last decade.
        
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