[HN Gopher] Cells are swapping their mitochondria. What does thi...
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       Cells are swapping their mitochondria. What does this mean for our
       health?
        
       Author : pmags
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2025-04-09 00:55 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | ajb wrote:
       | Fascinating. I wonder if there will soon be a way to culture your
       | mitochondria externally in order to give you extra, maybe it
       | could help with diseases like chronic fatigue.
        
         | JPLeRouzic wrote:
         | Several implicit suggestions are made in the article, but I
         | guess the largest application of externally cultivated
         | mitochondria would be to aging.
         | 
         | Here is an article about this (future) technology:
         | 
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5511681/
        
         | perrygeo wrote:
         | Mitochondria doping! People are already thinking how to use it
         | for sports performance.
         | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/02/14/new-doping-trick...
         | 
         | Beyond athletic performance and chronic fatigue, some
         | neurologists and psychiatrists have recently suggested that
         | every mental disorder (literally, the entire DSM) has a single
         | underlying cause: mitochondrial dysfunction. If that's true,
         | mitochondria transplants could solve the mental health crisis.
        
           | JPLeRouzic wrote:
           | Why transplant? Mitochondria are constantly fusing and
           | fissioning. Wouldn't it be better to provide mitochondria
           | with a more comfortable environment to ensure they fission?
        
             | TheCraiggers wrote:
             | Off the top of my head, I would imagine transplanting gives
             | more control over the end result.
        
           | kthartic wrote:
           | Re mental health - this is extremely interesting if it turns
           | out to be correct. Thanks for sharing
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | It seems like yet another misunderstanding of a series of
             | complex problems by promising a simple one-stop solution.
             | Maybe it'll work for some things, but it's also making
             | claims that something like PTSD can be sorted out via a
             | mitochondria flush, which doesn't make any sense to me.
        
               | staplers wrote:
               | You'd be aiding in one-half of the issue though
               | (environment/internal).
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Maybe that would help, but the claim is that
               | mitochondrial dysfunction is the source of every
               | "literally, the entire DSM" mental disorder, and that is
               | an unbelievable claim, especially when the DSM runs the
               | gamut from PTSD to Erectile Dysfunction to Caffeine
               | Withdrawal. It says to me that it's a poorly considered
               | claim.
        
           | mbil wrote:
           | Dr Casey Means has a thought provoking book on this subject
           | Good Energy. It's about how cell metabolic dysfunction could
           | be implicated in a wide range of health conditions.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Doesn't sound like getting them into every cell in the body
           | would be easy. If delivering a package with genes into every
           | cell in the body was easy, viruses would be happy,
           | figuratively speaking.
           | 
           | I just mapped mine, for what it's worth. A bit odd to have
           | the whole 16000-something base pairs stored on my computer.
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | We already have mitoviruses, it stands to reason they they
             | might adapt to infect mitochondria that are being delivered
             | to cells.
        
               | blacksmith_tb wrote:
               | We haven't found any mitoviruses in animals, yet, at
               | least?
               | 
               | 1: https://virology.ws/2019/03/28/viruses-that-infect-
               | mitochond...
        
             | eecc wrote:
             | How did you get that (and what guarantees on data privacy?)
             | 
             | I'd be very interested
        
               | vintermann wrote:
               | I used family tree dna. Not really much in the way of
               | guarantees on data privacy as you'd expect (at least not
               | from a software developer's perspective), but I figure
               | it's challenging enough to abuse knowledge of my exact
               | mitochondrial haplogroup, that if someone can do that,
               | they can do worse anyway.
        
             | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
             | > _Doesn 't sound like getting them into every cell would
             | be easy_
             | 
             | > _Viruses would be happy_
             | 
             | As a programmer, I sometimes wondered at the value
             | proposition of certain antiviral drugs, especially the ones
             | that interfere with replication.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug#Reverse_transc
             | r...
        
           | smilliken wrote:
           | > suggested that every mental disorder (literally, the entire
           | DSM) has a single underlying cause: mitochondrial dysfunction
           | 
           | On this topic, Brain Energy by Christopher Palmer:
           | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61129785-brain-energy .
           | Very interesting book, highest recommendation.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | "Well, eet's no use crying over speeled mitochondria..."
           | --Ren Hoek
           | 
           | I don't think _every_ mental health issue is traceable to
           | mitochondrial dysfunction. But I 'm pretty sure it's
           | implicated in cardiovascular disease. Malfunctioning
           | mitochondria can make your arteries more prone to
           | inflammation which leads to greater lipid deposits. I even
           | read somewhere (sorry, can't cite rn) that a major component
           | of arterial plaques is bits of dead mitochondria.
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | All I can think of right now is mental illness being caused
           | by mitochondrial dysfunction and Parasite Eve. With the way
           | the 21st century has been going to far, spontaneous human
           | combustion would just seem like par for the course.
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | https://www.sir.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/articles/brai.
           | ..
           | 
           | Ugh, it might be true, but hits _all_ the self-help scam
           | stereotypes, and breathless paradigm-revolution science
           | journalism stereotypes.
        
         | pretzellogician wrote:
         | This is what Matrix Bio wants to do, in fact!
         | https://mitrix.bio/
         | 
         | "The goal is to produce bioreactor-grown mitochondria on an
         | industrial scale, sufficient to supplement every person over
         | the age of 55"
         | 
         | Although it might be preferential to get, say, properly
         | genotyped mitochondria from champion horses!
        
           | abecedarius wrote:
           | Interesting -- you can keep mitochondria alive outside of
           | cells? Are there papers on what they need for that?
        
         | bitcoin_anon wrote:
         | In the meantime, read Good Energy to learn how to care for your
         | mitochondria.
        
           | kridsdale3 wrote:
           | TLDR?
           | 
           | Edit: The key suggestions, according to a bot and condensed
           | by me:
           | 
           | - Eat healthy.
           | 
           | - Sleep healthy.
           | 
           | - Exercise healthy.
           | 
           | - Try Intermittent Fasting to promote autophagy / mitophagy.
        
             | spudlyo wrote:
             | Do all these things, cultivate meaningful relationships,
             | avoid anxiety and drug abuse and you'll be well on your way
             | to becoming an optimal version of yourself.
        
               | VeninVidiaVicii wrote:
               | Oh is that all?
        
               | spudlyo wrote:
               | Sadly not. That mostly just covers your body and
               | emotional well-being. You have to nurture your mind as
               | well, which is beyond the scope of my pithy aphorisms.
        
         | BizarroLand wrote:
         | There are some supplements that seem to cause an increase in
         | mitochondria in the body, but if you are not deficient in
         | mitochondria I think they won't do much good for you.
        
       | anarticle wrote:
       | We stan a mito story! My old lab discovered some of what we
       | called "kiss and run" dynamics:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss-and-run_fusion
       | 
       | Which had to do with watching live mitos exchange their insides.
       | Specifically, to watch this process, you load your mitos with
       | photoactivatable fluorophores, then use a laser to tag some which
       | changes say your green emitting protein to red. Then you follow
       | the color changed particles being exchanged between mitos. Same
       | mechanism probably used here to watch cells swap mitos. Oh, and
       | this has to be done with live cells.
       | 
       | Very cool stuff, mitos are so important to metabolism and more I
       | hope we see mitohacking, as mentioned by perrygeo. A much safer
       | performance enhancer when it's your own mitos.
        
       | pnutjam wrote:
       | https://umdf.org/ Great organization working on Mitochondrial
       | diseases. I have a family member with a diagnosed Mito disease.
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | This could be a mechanism for future intracellular repair. Build
       | little repair robots that look like mitochondria, have them
       | insert into cells, do their magic, then leave.
        
         | roman_soldier wrote:
         | "do their magic" seems like it's hiding a lot of complexity.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | Very much so.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | It would be much easier to package those into extracellular
         | vesicles (exosomes or microvesicles) than into mitochondrial-
         | like vehicles.
         | 
         | That has been an active area of research for a fairly long time
         | (decades), and there are already clinical applications that
         | have been commercialized (eg.: mRNA vaccines packaged in lipid
         | particles).
        
         | spudlyo wrote:
         | Or you could occasionally fast for 5-7 days to dramatically
         | ramp up the intensity of autophagy/mitophagy in order to have
         | your body do this for you. No robots needed. You may also
         | discover that you like the way your brain and body operate with
         | a different ketone/glucose energy balance.
        
           | brian-armstrong wrote:
           | Any significant amount of fasting is a quick way to get some
           | very unpleasant headaches for me. No thank you.
        
             | spudlyo wrote:
             | Low blood sugar and dehydration can lead to all kinds of
             | unpleasant side effects. When I tried to fast for the first
             | time, I was an idiot and didn't supplement with water or
             | electrolytes and I suffered crippling cramps.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Low magnesium? I was having serious muscle cramps and
               | found Mg supplements were highly effective.
        
       | fc417fc802 wrote:
       | Can't say I'm a fan of a prestigious scientific outlet adopting
       | clickbait style headlines. This is the second one from the same
       | place on the front page right now.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | I did my MSc (biochem) on freeMitos and mitoMPs in a cancer
         | immunology context, and I'm not really seeing the
         | clickbaitiness here. The text seems totally reasonable.
         | 
         | You need to realize you're reading editorial content, and not a
         | review or research paper.
        
           | fc417fc802 wrote:
           | The clickbait is the "What does it mean?" format.
           | 
           | "Researchers are trying to work out why."
           | 
           | "Here's what 4k researchers think."
           | 
           | It's possible that clickbait is _technically_ the wrong term
           | but it 's a pattern that I strongly associate with those
           | practices. It's an idiocracy-esque development. Learning that
           | it has spread to the likes of Nature is saddening.
        
             | pmags wrote:
             | I posted the article here, and I had a fairly similar
             | reaction to yours.
             | 
             | I was tempted to remove the "What does this mean for our
             | health?" part of the title, but I thought that such a large
             | edit might be against HN policy / too much editorializing
             | on my part.
             | 
             | In any case, I thought the article was worth posting
             | because it's a nice intro to a area of recent progress in
             | biology that not a lot of folks are aware of.
        
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