[HN Gopher] India's repair culture gives new life to dead laptops
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       India's repair culture gives new life to dead laptops
        
       Author : hilux
       Score  : 290 points
       Date   : 2025-04-08 03:27 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theverge.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theverge.com)
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | If the thinkpad community gets behind this, there will be a
       | market for upspecced thinkpads as long as supplies last.
       | 
       | the reduce re-use re-cycle part here is nicely inserting itself
       | into the recycle tail side.
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | It's such a pity 51nb's upgraded ThinkPad project is no longer
         | quite as active as it was. I think the small niche market for
         | hacker-friendly laptops is far too diluted now, especially with
         | qualitatively unique products like the MNT Reform.
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/thinkpad/comments/1dh04ud/how_do_ge...
        
           | lproven wrote:
           | There are others...
           | 
           | https://www.tpart.net/
        
             | nxobject wrote:
             | Wow, just about to be shipped, too! Now if only I had a
             | cool $1299++ :(
        
         | noufalibrahim wrote:
         | Abhas Abhinav of Deeproot Linux runs "Mostly Harmless" which
         | sells refurbished Thinkpads with binary blobs removed.
         | https://mostlyharmless.io/computers/
        
           | HexDecOctBin wrote:
           | This is amazing, I didn't know we had people doing this kind
           | of stuff in India. Are there any other similar services that
           | you know of, that are doing open source/Linux-friendly
           | hardware, etc.?
        
           | forinti wrote:
           | That is super cool.
        
           | balancesoggy wrote:
           | Highly recommend. Bought a ThinkPad from Abhas and it runs
           | like tank.
        
       | aamederen wrote:
       | Even though the aim here is different, sustainability through
       | repair and reuse is uplifting. It's also a reminder that 10-year-
       | old computers can do a lot and most of us may not need the latest
       | shiny laptops.
        
         | chrismorgan wrote:
         | It's also good to upgrade certain components.
         | 
         | Firstly, upgrade from HDD to SSD. For random access, these are
         | commonly 100-500x as fast, and even for block I/O 10-30x, and
         | that will concretely speed up startup by a large fraction of
         | that ratio, quite apart from speeding up other things later.
         | 
         | Once you get used to modern SSDs, as almost everyone on this
         | site will be, I think you lose track of just _how_ bad HDDs
         | are, to run the OS from. My wife's ten-year-old work laptop
         | takes _well_ over five minutes to boot up, log in, start a
         | browser, load something like Gmail, and settle down so the disk
         | is idle and it's running as smoothly as it ever will; and sure,
         | the aging i5-4300M CPU doesn't help1; but I suspect spending
         | less than a thousand rupees replacing its HDD with even the
         | cheapest and smallest SSD (acceptable capacity, in this case)
         | _might_ cut that to a minute, and spending a few thousand for a
         | faster one _would_ speed it up to below a minute.
         | 
         | (One fun thing about SSDs is that, overall, bigger is faster.
         | At some points in history, for some makes, it's been almost as
         | simple as "twice as large, twice as fast". This is, of course,
         | a gross simplification, but I think not _too_ far off.)
         | 
         | Secondly, if you have less than 8GB of RAM, get more. Beyond
         | that it varies depending on what you're using it for, but up to
         | at least that point, it's just an unconditional improvement.
         | 
         | --***--
         | 
         | 1 PassMark lists single/multi scores for the Intel Core
         | i5-4300M of around 1,700/3,000. Some units in recent
         | generations from approximately the same segment: the Intel Core
         | i5-1334U scoring 3,350/13,400, and the Intel Core Ultra 5 125H
         | scoring 3,450/21,500. This basically means an absolute minimum
         | of 2x speedup on _any_ workload, and for most it's more like
         | 3-4x. There's a _lot_ of difference in ten years of CPU.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | An Amiga or PC running Windows 3.x would be quite capable to
         | handle the word processing and spreadsheet related activities I
         | do at home, and from the Amiga side I dare say I would still
         | enjoy more many of those games than the 80 EUR AAA graphics
         | pumped games that come out nowadays with their 60 h gameplay
         | and 120 GB disk space.
        
       | tommica wrote:
       | Honestly cool, though it really sucks that they don't have any
       | safety from all those harmful chemicals.
        
         | nyanpasu64 wrote:
         | What's the chemical exposure from laptop repair? The biggest
         | thing that comes to mind is flux smoke, which needs a fan or
         | ideally a fume extractor to keep out of your face. Modern
         | devices use lead-free solder, though I understand solder is
         | mostly a concern for scrapping electronics for gold rather than
         | repairing it (unless you don't wash your hands after
         | soldering). I've gotten nasty effects from isopropyl/acetone
         | vapors and super glue/epoxy too.
         | 
         | EDIT: Are they salvaging components from e-waste, or diving in
         | dumpsters with non-computer waste as well?
        
           | tommica wrote:
           | Article did talk about lead
        
       | ravirajx7 wrote:
       | This reminded me of something that happened to a friend of mine
       | not long ago. He'd just been laid off from a pretty good
       | Salesforce Admin job and was already in a tight spot financially
       | when his laptop's motherboard fried after a voltage spike.
       | 
       | Local shops were quoting [?]25,000-[?]30,000 (roughly $300-$360),
       | which he just couldn't afford. Then a friend told him about Nehru
       | Place. He sent the laptop there through someone he knew, and the
       | repair only cost him around [?]5,000-[?]10,000 ($60-$120). Way
       | more reasonable.
       | 
       | He was glad to get it fixed without spending a lot but it does
       | make you wonder how reliable those reused parts are. Like, how
       | long is it gonna hold up before something else goes wrong?
        
         | gyomu wrote:
         | I could also see unscrupulous businesses swapping out original
         | parts in machines sent for repair for cheaper ones as a way to
         | drive their costs down. The vast majority of customers wouldn't
         | be able to tell/prove what happened.
        
           | sokz wrote:
           | Spare parts are expensive in general in India. Add to the
           | fact that there are unscrupulous repair centers, I am certain
           | that the theft of genuine parts happen regularly.
        
         | LordGrignard wrote:
         | this is all the more important since 60$ in india is enough for
         | a meal for four in an expensive restaurant in one of the better
         | malls ( for e.g. in Mumbai ) ... and 25k to 30k is just
         | ludicrous for a laptop. Even 5-10k will easily hurt his pockets
         | but it depends on what the laptop's specs were and what it was
         | worth
        
         | sokz wrote:
         | Delhi NCR in general looks like a pretty nice place to source
         | tech in India. The Bangalore counterpart of Nehru Place, SP
         | Road felt expensive and a bit less competent than I expected.
        
         | InfinityByTen wrote:
         | Heh, my brother got his Xbox original controller fixed for
         | [?]200 which was just misbehaving due to old battery gunk. He
         | could have afforded a new one, sure, but the charm of having
         | the thing get another life, is a separate kick altogether :)
        
       | solarpunk wrote:
       | Hell yeah! I wanna read more about this kind of stuff.
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | I'd love to learn some of the advanced rework skills they need to
       | work on modern motherboards - especially BGA part replacement.
       | And how to build a workshop on the cheap! I'm always in awe at
       | the skills they need to learn that are nonexistent in the western
       | world.
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | Some repair shops have videos on YouTube. Search for a specific
         | device or IC replacement. Some videos are oriented towards
         | teaching vs. demo.
        
         | Saigonautica wrote:
         | Here are some good "value for money" tool brands I use (I live
         | in Asia):
         | 
         | 1.Yihua combined hot air rework station + soldering station.
         | 
         | 2.Pro's Kit multimeter, tweezers, and wire snips.
         | 
         | 3.Uni-T hand-held oscillosope (quite optional).
         | 
         | 4.Mechanic brand solder paste. Get the one in a plastic
         | syringe. The tubs dry out.
         | 
         | 5.TS100 soldering iron as a spare. Heats up so fast at 24V!
         | 
         | I use them mainly for prototyping, but they are equally handy
         | for repair. I don't re-ball BGA though. I've seen vendors do it
         | with a machine that's mostly just a holder for the chip, and
         | the hot air gun. Plus some templates and the solder balls.
        
           | nxobject wrote:
           | Thanks for the recommendations! I have a Yihua soldering
           | station - such a solid budget option - I'll shell out on a
           | hot air rework station too, maybe one with a board preheater.
        
         | knowitnone wrote:
         | tons of videos on youtube on how to do this
        
       | anshumankmr wrote:
       | I had an HP laptop bought in 2016, that worked like a charm and
       | worked perfectly till 2023, when I upgraded to Windows 11, which
       | wasn't supported on it. But in Delhi's Nehru Place, I got the
       | damn thing repaired several times for several times, including
       | battery repairs, a broken keyboard amongst other things, that
       | extended its life quite well. In fact, I was open to using it for
       | more years, though the HDD kind of sucked compared to the SSD.
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | I grew up in a village, where literally nothing goes waste.
       | Eevrything is recycled. You can't think of anything that is junk.
       | Animal poop and rotten bio-waste makes a great fertilizer for
       | crops. Metal waste is melt by blacksmith, Wood in any form or
       | shape is highly reusable. Plastics are almost absent, but they
       | are sold in exchange for onions etc. Fabric is extremely reused.
       | After reusing multiple time, things end up in a dump at the
       | corner of own premises, which degrades and becomes fertilizer, in
       | time for next crop.
        
       | blackoil wrote:
       | It's simple, the labour cost for repair is lower than the
       | replacement cost, we also have people scavenging for valuables in
       | landfills. As/When India will become rich enough, this will
       | become uneconomical. Long term solution is to force companies to
       | build products with repairability in mind.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | Companies should have to bear the full cost of cleaning up,
         | repairing, or disposing the products they unleash upon the
         | world. If I have to throw away my laptop because it broke,
         | Lenovo should pay the cost of disposing (or repairing) it and
         | bringing the environment back to the condition it was in before
         | the product existed. When my car dies, Toyota should have to
         | tow it away, part it out and reuse what it can. We've somehow
         | normalized the idea that companies can just externalize these
         | real disposal costs onto the public and environment.
        
           | meta_ai_x wrote:
           | what about people who don't care for the products they own.
           | Why should it be Toyota's responsibility for lazy people who
           | don't even do basic maintenance?
        
             | lompad wrote:
             | Pretty much every product becomes trash at some point,
             | maintenance only changes the timescale.
             | 
             | Something somewhat similar is already law in germany and
             | works rather well. There is no reason society should have
             | to pay for expected costs for disposing a company's
             | products - as this would only incentivize companies to care
             | even less about the difficulty of recycling/disposal.
        
           | sidkshatriya wrote:
           | This is a fair and valid view of looking at things. Though
           | the trick is to not get too heavy handed. At what point does
           | regulation become too stifling ?
           | 
           | The American way is to possibly put too few responsibilities
           | on manufacturers. The European way seems to be to saddle them
           | with just too many regulations -- possibly killing so much
           | innovation.
           | 
           | One way to approach this would be to put more
           | responsibilities on large established companies and less on
           | smaller companies. But then the problem is that larger
           | companies will want to arbitrage this somehow by indirectly
           | "owning" these smaller companies with less environmental
           | responsibilities.
           | 
           | This area is far more complex than we think it is.
           | 
           | Also what do we do about totally new materials that are
           | thought to be benign when introduced but then are proved to
           | have harmful effects many years later. Does the company that
           | introduced them now have huge open ended costs and now go
           | bankrupt ?
           | 
           | The solution is as always in the middle ground. Society as a
           | whole bears some cost of cleanup (a kind of insurance policy
           | for all companies) and companies bear some of costs.
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | Here in Norway, electrical and electronic (EE) goods are
             | taxed extra and that money goes to recycling and
             | cleanup[1].
             | 
             | Importers and producers are required to be a member of a
             | approved company handling returns, like RENAS[2].
             | 
             | Shops selling EE goods are required to accept returned EE
             | goods from individuals of the type they sell. So if you
             | sell fridges you have to take my old fridge and handle it
             | in accordance with the rules.
             | 
             | Seems to work better than nothing, though how well I don't
             | know. As with all such regulations there's money to be made
             | by skipping steps, and some do[3].
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/ansvarsomrader/avfall
             | /Retur...
             | 
             | [2]: https://renas.no/
             | 
             | [3]: https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/2022/fe
             | bruar/...
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | > The American way is to possibly put too few
               | responsibilities on manufacturers. The European way seems
               | to be to saddle them with just too many regulations --
               | possibly killing so much innovation
               | 
               | Well that's what the European way is lol. Tax and
               | regulate instead of focusing on the crux of the problem,
               | which is overproduction and planned obsolescence. Any
               | solution that uses taxes and extra charges will simply
               | pass the costs onto the consumer.
               | 
               | I like the idea of putting the onus on companies to get
               | rid of the product, but there should be a consumer onus
               | too. Consumers should be discouraged from tossing
               | everything to the landfill, and companies should be
               | forced to collect the stuff they product after the
               | lifecycle is complete. This might even drive the
               | companies to revise their designs to use more recyclable
               | materials.
        
               | sidkshatriya wrote:
               | A good way to penalize planned obsolescence would be to
               | charge a decreasing penalty if the goods are
               | recycled/disposed earlier. So if I return the fridge for
               | recycling after a couple of years (bad fridge) then the
               | company gets charged automatically 5% of the fridge cost.
               | If I recycle after 10 years then the company gets charged
               | zero (as an example).
               | 
               | Maybe instead of a charge this could be a credit. If the
               | recycling happens after a long time the company gets a
               | bigger payback than if it happens before. The money is
               | collected on checkout so the company can't claim
               | bankruptcy or low profits to make the payment.
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | > So if I return the fridge for recycling after a couple
               | of years
               | 
               | Here in Norway consumers enjoy a 5 year warranty on
               | products that are meant to last, and 2 years on other
               | non-consumables.
               | 
               | So if my fridge dies due to a manufacturing flaw within 5
               | years, the store I purchased it on has to repair free of
               | charge, replace it with an equal or better product, or
               | give a full refund. If the product keeps breaking in the
               | same way, the customer can demand a full refund.
               | 
               | And it's up to the store to convincingly argue it's not a
               | manufacturing flaw if they don't want to do that.
               | 
               | This provides similar disincentive to import crappy
               | goods.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > there's money to be made by skipping steps, and some do
               | 
               | You must be joking.
               | 
               | "Fifteen major car manufacturers have been fined almost
               | EUR600 million by the European Commission and the British
               | government after Mercedes-Benz blew the whistle on a
               | cartel that fixed car recycling costs and processes."
               | https://www.dw.com/en/eu-and-uk-fine-carmakers-millions-
               | over...
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | > You must be joking.
               | 
               | Sarcasm was indeed intended...
        
               | sidkshatriya wrote:
               | This is a good design. The company that manufactures the
               | product does not need to be necessarily responsible for
               | the cleanup. The cleanup is done by another company and
               | the costs are added on customer checkout. But this is
               | open to abuse as you mentioned -- some companies may take
               | short cuts or the cleanup companies may become an
               | oligopoly and charge unreasonable prices that add a lot
               | of cost to the products.
               | 
               | Also, what happens if you order a product online from
               | another company in a different country ? Does Norway
               | still get to add tax for cleanup on these imported goods
               | ? I would guess that this would be a powerful incentive
               | for customers to skirt these regulations for lower
               | prices.
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | > Does Norway still get to add tax for cleanup on these
               | imported goods ?
               | 
               | If you import as a private person AFAIK no. Consumers
               | have very good consumer protection on goods bought from
               | domestic shops, so there's a strong incentive to do that
               | rather than import.
               | 
               | Though all that Temu junk is another story...
               | 
               | But companies importing EE goods have to report to the
               | return company they're a member of, and pay them
               | accordingly.
               | 
               | Can't recall offhand if there's special "flag" on the
               | import declaration or if they just go by HS code. And
               | presumably they get audited on this.
               | 
               | IIRC it used to be more directly linked to the import
               | declaration but they streamlined it.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | I don't think the Norway example is relevant. We are
               | talking about a country that produces oil for more than a
               | thousand dollars a month per person, including old people
               | and babies. It is literally a country where EVERY person
               | is a millionaire from oil money alone. So they can set
               | the most failed policies and make them work.
        
             | more-nitor wrote:
             | but ryandrake's comment might be the solution to what
             | trump/republicans/rust-belt wants:
             | 
             | 1. employment-rate for Americans. 2. bringing back
             | industrial capacity in US.
             | 
             | If large companies are forced to recycle/repair INSIDE USA,
             | that ultimately means employment for Americans, and
             | bringing back industrial capacity back to US.
             | 
             | (which could mean forcing Chinese manufacturers settings up
             | whole industrial complexes in US...)
             | 
             | btw, this would be a much easier/lesser-side-effect measure
             | than "tariff on everyone" situation
        
           | daedrdev wrote:
           | There are plenty of products where recycling will never make
           | sense, as it's literally worse for the environment to try and
           | recycle it.
           | 
           | And for disposal modern landfills in rich countries are very
           | good at avoiding environmental problems.
        
             | vlz wrote:
             | > literally worse for the environment to try and recycle it
             | 
             | For example? What products do you mean?
        
               | lproven wrote:
               | Basically anything plastic.
               | 
               | Plastics recycling is a scam.
               | 
               | Glass recycles well, if colours are kept separated.
               | 
               | Aluminium and iron and most pure or semi-pure metals too.
               | 
               | Far better to wash and reuse, of course, as was still the
               | rule when I was a child, and in some of Scandinavia even
               | 25Y ago.
        
           | forgotoldacc wrote:
           | Making the company responsible for the entire lifetime of a
           | product also makes them effectively own the product. Your
           | idea sounds a lot like renting from the producer.
        
             | HappMacDonald wrote:
             | Said responsibility can remain the choice of the consumer:
             | producer _must_ accept repair /replacement if consumer
             | brings it back to them, but consumer is not forced to bring
             | it back to them if anything goes wrong. Consumer may also
             | choose to self-repair, sell, etc. Perhaps consumer must
             | bring it back to dispose of it though, as nobody benefits
             | from hucking it directly into a landfill.
             | 
             | The other difference between "renting" from the producer is
             | that the producer isn't collecting any rent, only initial
             | purchase.. and that producer cannot claim the item back
             | whenever they please.
        
               | sadeshmukh wrote:
               | So renting, but with only the negative parts for the
               | company
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | > If I have to throw away my laptop because it broke
           | 
           | Actually you should be able to bring it to one of the
           | multiple 3rd party repair shops _of your choice_ , get it
           | fixed and not have Lenovo involved at all, except maybe by
           | selling you parts at a reasonable price.
           | 
           | Incidentally you should also be able to _modify_ the laptop
           | as you want, or if you lack the skills, pay said 3rd party
           | repair shops to do it for you.
        
             | jdietrich wrote:
             | _> Actually you should be able to bring it to one of the
             | multiple 3rd party repair shops of your choice, get it
             | fixed and not have Lenovo involved at all, except maybe by
             | selling you parts at a reasonable price._
             | 
             | You already can, it's just often not economically viable in
             | high-income countries. Lenovo have a very comprehensive
             | parts service and provide useful service manuals.
             | 
             | Ironically, Apple devices are the most widely repaired by
             | third-party specialists despite Apple's strenuous efforts
             | to make that difficult, because they're expensive and
             | depreciate slowly.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Yeah, it's wrong to name names, except maybe Apple for
               | assholery. This should go for any brand.
               | 
               | > You already can, it's just often not economically
               | viable in high-income countries.
               | 
               | But are we sure it's only because of high labor costs?
        
               | jdietrich wrote:
               | As someone who is adept at electronic repair, I am
               | absolutely certain that it's overwhelmingly because of
               | high labour costs. I fix my own stuff for the fun of it,
               | but there's no way I'd do it for a living because there
               | are just much better uses of those skills in the modern
               | economy. Just look at the prices for old electronics on
               | eBay or Facebook Marketplace - unless the item is very
               | recent, repair doesn't offer good value to the owner or a
               | viable margin for a recycler.
               | 
               | People used to darn holes in their socks, but that's an
               | eccentric hobby in a world where you can buy perfectly
               | good socks for less than $1 a pair.
               | 
               | It's still a factor in the developing world. Those awful
               | scenes of e-waste being melted down for scrap in open
               | pits are symptomatic of the fact that a lot of devices
               | just aren't worth fixing or dismantling for spare parts,
               | even at third-world labour rates.
               | 
               | Manufacturing is heavily automated, which is the reason
               | why you can buy a toaster or a clock radio for less than
               | $10; without massive advances in robotics and AI, the
               | only similarly automated end-of-life solution for those
               | items involves a shredder and a furnace. Here in the EU,
               | the manufacturer is responsible for bearing the end-of-
               | life costs for electronic devices, but it doesn't really
               | change the economics.
        
           | perryizgr8 wrote:
           | > Companies should have to bear the full cost of cleaning up
           | 
           | So the end users, got it.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | > Companies should have to bear the full cost of cleaning up,
           | repairing, or disposing the products they unleash upon the
           | world.
           | 
           | Where I live, you pay a "removal fee" when buying electronics
           | or appliances for just that. If you're buying a new washing
           | machine for example, the party delivering your device is
           | obligated to take the old one with them.
           | 
           | Of course, that's only part of it, your country also needs to
           | have good waste processing and ideally not export it.
        
             | rishav_sharan wrote:
             | That's an interesting law. which country is that? I would
             | love to know more about it.
        
           | catmanjan wrote:
           | Companies never bear any costs, their customers do
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > Companies should have to bear the full cost of cleaning up,
           | repairing, or disposing the products they unleash upon the
           | world
           | 
           | Boy have I got a WEEE for you. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
           | Waste_Electrical_and_Electroni...
           | 
           | More broadly:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Dot_(symbol)
           | 
           | (however, both of those schemes don't put everything back
           | directly - which would be inefficient. They allow delegation
           | by paying recyclers. This can result in "carbon offset" like
           | shenanigans.)
        
         | goku12 wrote:
         | Please don't define everything in India in terms of poverty. It
         | gives the impression that anything good in India happens only
         | because of economic concerns. But that isn't entirely true.
         | Let's not undermine the recognition of those who do it as a
         | social responsibility. I'm personally acquainted with a rather
         | successful engineer and businessman who does it because he
         | believes in sustainability. His reworked Thinkpads are very
         | popular among the tech community here - not because they're
         | cheap, but because of his workmanship and configurability (it
         | even comes with coreboot). And none of those customers are
         | incapable of affording high-end laptops either - many are FOSS
         | contributors when they're not at their full-time jobs.
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | My Dell XPS-15 laptop's screen was falling off. To fix it, I
       | drilled holes right though the border area of the screen and
       | fitted 4 bolts so that the screen stays with the laptop. My
       | colleagues were horrified to see large bolts at the back of the
       | screen, but everything worked like a charm.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | My classmate at the university had a laptop that first
         | developed lines on the screen that he fixed by strategically
         | cramming pieces of paper between the bezel and the LCD panel,
         | and then eventually the hinges broke so he carried a book stand
         | to prop up the lid. He did get a new laptop eventually iirc
        
           | noufalibrahim wrote:
           | I "fixed" broken hinge on a Dell laptop using some mseal.
           | Sort of worked.
        
             | dangle1 wrote:
             | Can also add a binder clip after applying the adhesive for
             | additional strength. The handles will fold around the
             | screen kind of out of the way.
        
         | devsda wrote:
         | I would have made it needlessly complex by gluing a set of
         | strong neodymium magnets on the exterior and a set of small
         | flat magnets on the screen side to avoid the risks of drilling
         | and protruding bolts.
         | 
         | Of course gluing or taping are also viable options ?
        
       | saidinesh5 wrote:
       | During my middle school days, we lived in a small town for a
       | little while (read: A place where i was allowed to take my
       | bicycle out onto the main road).
       | 
       | After school, I used to spend a lot of time just hanging out
       | around some TV and radio repair shops and just watched them work.
       | They used to be friendly and gave me parts like spare motors,
       | lights that were lying around from broken Walkmans they wouldn't
       | repair. I took those motors and added to my bicycle as a "dynamo
       | light" , built "wired RC car" etc ...
       | 
       | Fast forward to a few years ago when i got into building racing
       | drones, soldering certain tiny wires was difficult for me. I went
       | to a nearby mobile repair shop to get that done and he was happy
       | to help me out.
       | 
       | I owe a lot of my curiosity and my knowledge today to these
       | repair shops.
       | 
       | It's not a good thing that our electronics are becoming less and
       | less repairable these days. No wonder these repair shops are
       | vanishing as the time progresses.
       | 
       | The closest thing to that we have these days are makerspaces. At
       | our local makerspace we encourage people try to fix their broken
       | electronics instead of throwing them away. But I feel like there
       | should be more.
        
         | gloxkiqcza wrote:
         | All tech is becoming more and more integrated and purposefully
         | locked down. Everything from operating systems to cars. It's
         | truly a shame. I think many of us tinkerers/hackers have a
         | similar story to yours - something grabs your attention when
         | you're a child and develops into an engineering knack later on.
        
           | vladms wrote:
           | All tech or all physical tech? For now software managed to
           | somehow go in the opposite direction. In the '90s many / lots
           | of operating systems / tools / libraries were paid / hard to
           | access, today we have lots of (open-source) stuff for people
           | to tinker with.
           | 
           | Tinkering with physical stuff is also good and should be
           | encouraged / supported, but let's also be careful not to
           | loose the software tinkering (for example by not permitting
           | in any shape rooting mobile devices).
        
             | coretx wrote:
             | No, most people are stuffing everything into the
             | application layer, or worse, a web/mobile app these days
             | and don't know how to fix anything below it. I know many
             | "programmers" who can neither configure a SME/Enterprise
             | firewall or switch nor build their own PC or server from
             | parts. Also, during the 90's _everything_ was easy to find
             | and access. Piracy was the norm and FOSS was booming.
        
               | vladms wrote:
               | The field exploded though, both in terms of complexity
               | and of number of people involved. I know many engineers
               | that can do from compiler optimizations to web apps. I
               | also know "programmers" that don't want to learn a new
               | library because it stresses them.
               | 
               | Lots of tech we currently rely on is built under FOSS
               | model (thinking web stuff, mobile stuff, os stuff, data
               | center stuff). Of course you must choose to use it, but I
               | find nowadays using Linux daily on desktop as easy as
               | using Windows or MacOS. 20 years ago you had to fight
               | drivers, file formats, browser issues, media formats,
               | lack of software (I mean we run many Windows video-games
               | on Linux without issues, how cool is that?!)
               | 
               | I did not check piracy lately because I find FOSS
               | alternatives (or I can afford to buy some stuff).
        
               | coretx wrote:
               | The house of cards is build with far more than just libs.
               | And everything you just mentioned came at a price.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Even proprietary software in those times was accessible via
             | piracy, and was generally tolerated/accepted as long as it
             | wasn't for profit (in fact it benefited the software
             | authors by allowing users to learn the usage of their
             | software, for which they'd then push their future employers
             | to buy).
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | We (in the West, at least) live in an age of vendor lock-in.
           | In the East, it's state lock-in but vendor freedom.
        
             | intrasight wrote:
             | There are plenty of places where both are locked in
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | I suppose, but they are free to pirate Disney movies or
               | whatever. Maybe "freedom" wasn't the right word for lack
               | of IP protection.
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | > Everything from operating systems ...
           | 
           | The subtle reference to systemd has not escaped our notice;
           | and it is truly a shame.
        
           | yason wrote:
           | Question is what domain/field is the next virgin frontier for
           | hackers, unspoiled of commercial greed and integrated and
           | locked down solutions, where you can still not only buy
           | things but also own them, and rebuild from parts what you
           | bought when it breaks down?
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | There are all sorts of things like this, but one that
             | springs to mind is drones, specifically FPV drones. You can
             | build a very good drone from basically parts that runs on
             | open firmware. The videos that you see coming out of
             | Ukraine is clearly using flight control software that is
             | basically the standard for non commercial drones. Nothing
             | more cyberpunk than fighting fascists using open source
             | software and commodity hardware.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | What seems to be lacking is the path to accidental
               | discovery that underlies these stories from the past. Is
               | there a reasonable way people will find themselves
               | building drones without being intentional about it?
        
               | saidinesh5 wrote:
               | Not accidental, but government restrictions are the main
               | reason people built their own drones here. Government
               | banned import of drones here back then. Only way to fly
               | and have fun was build your own. build them part by part.
               | 
               | I have built them for dozens of non technical friends
               | too. And then they themselves got into fixing them once
               | they broke. Solder the wires. Get parts 3d printed etc..
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | The normal progression is that you had a commercially
               | built one, and one of two things happened. 1. It was a
               | prebuilt FPV drone and you need to repair it after
               | smashing it into something at mach Jesus or 2. You bought
               | a DJI, which is really a camera platform, and you want a
               | drone that can fly at mach Jesus and do the cool
               | aerobatics so that pulls you into the FPV genre where you
               | buy a prebuilt or just build from scratch.
               | 
               | Drones are just an example, there are plenty of other
               | areas where people might get sucked into DIY
               | electroncisbuilding. E-skateboard/bike/scooter
               | modification and fixing, keyboard hobbyists, cosplay, 3d
               | printing, home automation etc...
        
             | saidinesh5 wrote:
             | Embedded systems for sure.
             | 
             | Eg. Home Automation with custom LED strips + an ESP32 (via.
             | tasmota, esphome etc...), Wireless sensors using the same,
             | FPV Drones and RC toys/cars in general, 3D printers, Custom
             | keyboards are the usual gateway hobbies in my experience. I
             | haven't seen anyone who is into one of these and hasn't
             | explored the others.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | My dad has set up a repair cafe near where he lives, and
         | they're popping up in loads of places now. While some
         | electronics are hard / impossible to repair, sure, there's
         | still a lot that can be done with the rest. Household
         | appliances, for example.
         | 
         | The main issue of course is cost; these places are volunteer
         | run, but to make a living out of anything you need to charge an
         | X amount per hour, and if the repair is more expensive than a
         | replacement it's simply not worth it.
         | 
         | All the e-waste going to e.g. India like in the article is
         | stuff where repairing it where it comes from is not worth it.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > The main issue of course is cost;
           | 
           | This is exactly it, and it's a similar issue to what people
           | talk about with clothing (Shein etc). Although clothing isn't
           | automated, that really is just cheap labour.
           | 
           | We have all these electronic artefacts in the first place
           | because of highly integrated processes (starting with the
           | "integrated circuit" itself!), done on mostly-automated
           | production lines. But the automated processes rely on rigid
           | standardization: all the inputs must also be new and
           | precisely in-spec. You can't easily "undo-redo" part of the
           | manufacturing process to fix something.
           | 
           | As a society gets richer through automation, things which
           | still require humans get relatively more expensive. This is
           | known as "Baumol cost disease", the phenomenon that things
           | like education and healthcare are much more expensive than
           | consumer goods because the latter can be automated and
           | outsourced while the former can't.
           | 
           | People will pick cheap-unrepairable over expensive-repairable
           | almost all the time. The awkward corner is expensive-
           | unrepairable, which is becoming an issue (see John Deere vs
           | right to repair).
        
           | saidinesh5 wrote:
           | > The main issue of course is cost; these places are
           | volunteer run
           | 
           | There is cost, and there's also the companies/devices
           | themselves. We are losing modularity. With almost no benefit
           | to the user.
           | 
           | I mean companies have the audacity to solder an SSD to the
           | motherboards of laptops. And make the batteries - one of the
           | biggest points of failure - non user replaceable. We had all
           | that. It was cheap. It was user friendly. When one failed,
           | you were able to replace it yourself.
           | 
           | Once there is enough momentum on letting users fix these
           | failing parts themselves, the ecosystems would automatically
           | fix themselves imo. That's one of the things that companies
           | like Framework, Valve etc.. seem to do really well with their
           | hardware endeavors.
        
         | sandeep1998 wrote:
         | reminded me of my own childhood.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Happens a lot in China too.
       | 
       | https://www.hwcooling.net/en/recycling-in-china-laptop-cpus-...
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Less so now than a decade ago. You need to watch them while
         | they repair it, I learned that the hard way.
        
           | thenthenthen wrote:
           | EVERYTHING gets recycled in China period.
        
         | usagisushi wrote:
         | Here's a somewhat cyberpunk-ish fact I learned today: Back in
         | '98 Taiwan, unbranded, mysterious desktop CPUs called Golden
         | Soldier ("Huang Jin Zhan Shi ") were available in the street.
         | It turns out they were actually modded mobile Intel CPUs
         | installed in slockets.
         | 
         | https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/article/980618/parts4.ht...
         | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%88%A6%E5...
         | 
         | BTW, speaking of repair culture, I love this idea of repurposed
         | headless MacBooks.
         | 
         | https://www.notebookcheck.net/Screenless-MacBooks-masqueradi...
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | I remember up to the early 1990's we had repair shops all over
       | Portugal, we would buy devices for life, and any kind of
       | malfunction would be rescued at one of those repair shops, unless
       | it was really a death sentence for the device.
       | 
       | Now in a throw away society with planned obsolence devices, most
       | of those shops are gone and the repair knowledge gone with them.
       | 
       | Unless goverments fix the planned obsolence culture it is almost
       | impossible to have the repair culture back.
        
         | zoobab wrote:
         | "The throw-away society is a human society strongly influenced
         | by consumerism. The term describes a critical view of
         | overconsumption and excessive production of short-lived or
         | disposable items over durable goods that can be repaired."
         | 
         | -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throw-away_society
        
           | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
           | Isn't it also a natural consequence of rapidly improving
           | technology.
           | 
           | Even if a laptop were built to last 20 years, who would want
           | one when a new one is an order of magnitude better?
        
             | fitsumbelay wrote:
             | > Even if a laptop were built to last 20 years, who would
             | want one when a new one is an order of magnitude better?
             | 
             | Someone living in poverty whose life may be markedly
             | improved by having one?
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | Not really. Building a laptop that will last 20 years is
               | several times more expensive than building one that will
               | last 5-10 years. So they will be less accessible to poor
               | people.
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | They will be less accessible initially to poor people,
               | but if the laptop actually does last 20 years then there
               | will be a lot more on the used market therefore driving
               | down the cost when someone buys a used one. That is the
               | avenue most people who can't afford a new one will likely
               | go.
               | 
               | It makes it more expensive to be on the cutting edge and
               | turning over your laptop once every couple of years, but
               | it makes the used purchases cheaper.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | >but it makes the used purchases cheaper.
               | 
               | In fact, no, because they will also become less
               | accessible to the less poor, and less poor will start
               | using them longer and will also buy used ones.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | 20 years is a bit much but a 10 year old laptop can still
             | browse normal websites. Just not the javascript loaden
             | addfactories.
             | 
             | Doesn't mean you dump it after 2-3 years because a new
             | fancy models comes along or the battery is not repairable
             | because it's welded shut.
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | > would want one when a new one is an order of magnitude
             | better
             | 
             | It's not, you're just ignoring two obvious points:
             | 
             | 1. a person with no laptop would prefer it
             | 
             | 2. a repairable laptop can also have its parts upgraded, so
             | a 20 year laptop could have 1-year old parts
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | Cheap laptop I've bought in 2011 went through several
               | upgrades: replaced ram doubling amount of GB. Replaced
               | HDD with SSD, added HDD instead of DVD reader. Even
               | replaced CPU to get more cores!
               | 
               | Nowadays I can only replace m.2 stick to get more
               | storage. Everything is soldered.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Compared with 8 bit home computers appliance nature, that
               | wouldn't be a big problem if we had repair shops all over
               | the place, which could nonetheless take over
               | replacing/upgrading soldered items.
               | 
               | I do agree having back user upgradable ram, disk and GPUs
               | on laptops would be much better alternatives.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | Today there are also plenty of cheap models that support
               | memory expansion and have an additional slot for an SSD.
               | The only exception is the ability to replace the
               | processor, which is extremely rare. So you should rather
               | ask yourself why you, as a consumer, chose a non-
               | upgradable model.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | My Asus 1215B netbook from 2009 has served me well, until
             | it died last year.
             | 
             | There was nothing in 2025 laptops that I would have
             | replaced it for, the use cases haven't changed from my 2009
             | requirements in computing on the go with a cheap laptop
             | like device.
             | 
             | Its replacement is now Samsung tablet with DEX
             | capabilities, which I will likewise use until it dies.
        
               | linacica wrote:
               | I would like to point out 20 years old it's was in 2005,
               | which isn't very old imo,
        
               | wink wrote:
               | Some stuff is usable, but not fun.
               | 
               | I have a Centrino laptop from 2004, and it's single core,
               | with 1.5GB RAM and, of course, spinning rust.
               | 
               | It _works_ , but even playing a video on youtube can be
               | taxing. I'm not arguing for "performance" tasks here,
               | just sitting on the couch and surfing, and clicking
               | random links.
               | 
               | Then again my home server is a 2013 i5 that does
               | everything it needs to do (except be super power
               | efficient). So I'd say ~10-14 years is the sweet spot,
               | but 20 is historic and mostly useless, sadly
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Mpv + yt-dlp + https://alex.envs.net/dillectory
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | Cheap netbook-like devices are widely available from
               | China these days. They'll probably be cheap enough even
               | accounting for the new tariffs. Or you can just buy an
               | older 'ultrabook' laptop on the used market.
        
               | keyringlight wrote:
               | The 'cheap' angle is something I wonder about, especially
               | for the coming year with tariffs, and especially when
               | Microsoft is trying to tell a lot of people that they
               | need to buy new PCs to get off win10 and I doubt a huge
               | proportion will be able/willing to do the remaining
               | bypasses or learn another OS. It seems like a perfect
               | storm if you're trying to be frugal, so I assume 'frugal'
               | is going to translate into a lot of people on unsupported
               | systems.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | They might be, but I rather favour the local businesses.
        
               | ciupicri wrote:
               | The 1366x768 resolution is small, there are websites
               | which are hard to use at that resolution.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Not everything needs a retina screen to be usable.
        
             | griffzhowl wrote:
             | If it's two orders of magnitude cheaper then plenty of
             | people could want one. It's handy to have a spare laptop or
             | two around and with a lightweight linux on there old ones
             | can be perfectly functional
        
             | srean wrote:
             | New laptops, phones also last a lot less (borked storage,
             | borked motherboard), forcing us to buy another - which I
             | think is the point.
             | 
             | We have one refrigerator that's still going strong after 50
             | years whereas one of our 'newer' air-conditioners had to be
             | replaced after 6 years.
        
               | catlikesshrimp wrote:
               | >> We have one refrigerator that's still going strong
               | after 50 years
               | 
               | In that particular case, it might not meet energy
               | efficiency standards anymore.
               | 
               | But I agree appliances breaking the day after the
               | warranty expires is evil. Depending on the country,
               | warranty may be meaningless, or close to that
        
         | soco wrote:
         | We still have here in Switzerland "repair cafes" run by
         | volunteers, where mostly elderly bring their usually outdated
         | devices to be repaired, while having a coffee and socializing.
         | It works, as long it works...
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Starting to exist a bit around here in Germany as well.
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | I think it would be fun to volunteer at a repair clinic, but
           | there's none nearby and it probably wouldn't work well with a
           | low population density rural area.
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | In the early 1990s, Portugal had a GDP per capita of less than
         | $10,000 per year. Portuguese people today just have much better
         | things to do with their time than fix old toasters.
         | 
         | I repair my own stuff for fun, but there's absolutely no way I
         | could make a living from fixing other people's stuff. The phone
         | repair business in my area is dominated by illegal immigrants,
         | because fixing iPhones is only marginally more lucrative than
         | delivering pizzas.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Go tell that to the folks earning minimum wage, splitting 800
           | euros for everything a family needs.
           | 
           | Yeah Portugal is a great experience when visiting with tier 1
           | country salary.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Stuff still is repairable these days, it's just most of us live
         | in countries where labor is so expensive locally it makes more
         | sense to just buy a new one than to pay someone to replace
         | components on a circuit board.
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | Right? If the replacement is $500, and the repair guy is
           | going to charge $100/hr in labor to diagnose the issue and
           | repair it plus an unknown cost of replacement components, the
           | risk of spending more on the repair is quite high.
        
           | vjk800 wrote:
           | This is the reason.
           | 
           | I've fixed old electronics myself sometimes and quite often
           | it's doable and the spare parts usually cost approximately
           | nothing. However, paying someone 50 euros for half an hour
           | worth of work to fix a thirty euro Christmas decoration
           | doesn't feel like a good deal. Maybe for 10 or even 15 euros
           | it would be.
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | Your lord and savior the government cannot do anything about
         | the fact that it's cheaper to manufacture new than to repair.
         | Unless you want to de-industrialize, which of course is a
         | popular ideology among Europeans.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | We only need to throw into the arena the mighty power of
           | executive orders, and great wall of Europe.
        
       | Sateeshm wrote:
       | I used to do at-home computer troubleshooting as a part time job
       | when was in college. Most of time it was just opening up the
       | casing, dusting it and reattaching all the parts/reinstalling
       | Windows that did the trick. 90% of time it was just RAM popping
       | out a bit. But in rare cases, it was the components themselves. I
       | used to rely of these shops in the city (Hyderabad, India) that
       | fixed motherboards etc. really cheap and relatively quickly (less
       | than a week most of the time). People that worked there weren't
       | engineers or anything, more like tradesmen. It was amazing to see
       | them work.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I remember a time when I bought an used laptop and was able to
       | upgrade the CPU, RAM and hard drive.
       | 
       | While I might buy now a laptop such as a MacBook without being
       | able to replace major components, I will never buy a desktop such
       | as a Mac Studio and accept the same shortcomings. And it's not
       | only that I want to tinker with hardware, but buying parts and
       | assembling the desktop myself has a much better price/performance
       | ratio than buying of the shelf parts. Being able to upgrade is a
       | bonus and that allows me to have cheaper upgrades than selling it
       | and buying another one.
       | 
       | How much more would Apple tax me for a Mac with the equivalent
       | performance of i9 14900K, Nvidia 4090, 128 GB RAM and 8 GB SSD I
       | assembled in a few hours.
       | 
       | If I were much richer so the few hours spent on assembling the
       | thing were more valuable than the price difference, I might have
       | thought differently.
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | I have a friend who runs a devices (mostly Laptops and Phones)
       | rental business. Repairs are a key component in their business
       | model. They have a well-established setup powered by processes
       | automated by technology. He is a programmer, who bootstrapped his
       | business into a successful enterprise today.
       | 
       | If you are in India (or more specifically Bangalore), check out
       | his team https://spurge.rentals
       | 
       | I remember advising him to protect his domains with a .com while
       | using an interesting but .com domain.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I grew up in a poor Eastern European country which is not as poor
       | anymore.
       | 
       | We repaired anything: worn out shoes, distressed socks and
       | clothes. Even cooking pots were patched when they developed
       | holes. Everything had very long lifetimes and those lifetimes
       | were extended with periodic repairs.
       | 
       | Cars were rare and using parts of low quality made the break
       | often. People repaired their cars in front of their houses or
       | apartment buildings. Or on the side of the road if it broke
       | there. Everyone carried big toolkits in their trunks and and
       | almost any car owner or driver knew how to fix the car. If a tire
       | ran flat, they had the tools to fix it on spot.
       | 
       | There were electronic repair shops everywhere. There were also
       | other kind of repair shops.
       | 
       | If someone looked in the trash cans at the time, most of it was
       | vegetable waste resulting from people cooking their meals.
       | 
       | It wasn't unusual to own a 30 years old car, a 20 years washing
       | machine, a 30 year radio or a 15 year black and white TV, all
       | being repaired lots of times.
       | 
       | Some mass market goods, or most of them, were handed down to the
       | next generation as priced possessions.
       | 
       | Now, we repair next to nothing. We still repair cars, although
       | many people sell their old car if it breaks and buy a new one.
       | 
       | PC, TV, washing machines, fridges, furniture get replaced in a
       | few years even if it's in perfectly good condition.
       | 
       | Good got cheaper, although of uncertain quality and the wages got
       | high so it's expensive to repair something even if you find a
       | place to do it. If you buy a new bicycle and go to the repair
       | shop two or three times it will cost you the price of a new one.
       | 
       | I am not nostalgic about it, and I don't think people should
       | stick with old junk. But I do believe we need an equilibrium,
       | goods should be of higher quality, easier and cheaper to repair.
       | I dislike being forced to throw something away because it can't
       | be repaired, even if such a repair should be simple and cheap in
       | theory.
       | 
       | We pay less for good and we don't spend for the wages of repair
       | technicians (almost none left) but since the goods are of low
       | quality, have planned obsolescence built in and can't be
       | repaired, we end up buying the same good two or three times so we
       | spend more. While that might create jobs in China or other remote
       | country, I as a consumer, care more about my budget and my
       | quality of life.
        
       | rockyj wrote:
       | I spent many a weekends at Nehru Place, even though it was a 90
       | mins drive and the parking ... oh the parking, well if you want
       | to test your patience this is this is the place to go.
       | 
       | But for a hardware / gaming junkie this was the place to be. Not
       | to mention (pirated / photocopied) books. Almost any book / media
       | you could dream of. The lanes are buzzing with scamsters /
       | pirates and geniuses who can build / repair anything - phones,
       | TVs, PCs, laptops, watches etc. At one time Nehru Place was the
       | "IT" hub of New Delhi. The street food was not half bad as well.
       | I was just happy watching the men at work in dinky shops fixing
       | anything, built a few PCs there (a tradition which continues to
       | this day).
       | 
       | Some happy memories (but you have to be careful or you will need
       | to walk back home without your wallet and your shirt).
       | 
       | Edit: 2 movies to understand this culture (a bit more) -
       | 
       | - Rocket Singh (salesman of the year)
       | 
       | - Mickey Virus
        
         | farhanhubble wrote:
         | Nehru place was almost 100% scammers than real geniuses but
         | definitely the place if you wanted a custom computing rig. The
         | food was good enough, like you said but the prospect of having
         | a 2GB RAM module made you salivate even more!
         | 
         | The neighboring areas also had electronics importers that
         | proved super helpful. You could find some of the most "lethal"
         | tech with their help. I got myself some powerful FPGA kits that
         | are normally not accessible outside defense, academia, and
         | select licensed labs. I have great admiration for those folks
         | who let me lay my hands over the most powerful technology of
         | that time.
        
       | boricj wrote:
       | Somewhat related, Gamers Nexus made a video about motherboards
       | made from salvaged parts in Shenzhen a while ago:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNje63vx73s
        
       | FilosofumRex wrote:
       | In the US they're not called repair shops, they're chop shops -
       | where all our stolen electronics wash up
        
       | h4ck_th3_pl4n3t wrote:
       | There was this famous guy, which sold custom old Thinkpads, but
       | with newer mainboards and Intel 10th gen chips in it, with custom
       | USB-C adapters and all.
       | 
       | At some point he kind of disappeared and rumors appeared that he
       | is now in mandatory military service, but will come back
       | afterwards. Well, that was pre-COVID.
       | 
       | He also knows a friend that backports coreboot to the new
       | mainboards. No idea how they manage to do that in a 2 person
       | project like this. So yeah, all of the laptops they sell run
       | coreboot in it (including the Thunderbolt EC, which is insane
       | amount of work to implement).
       | 
       | Nonetheless the build quality was insanely good, and lots of
       | folks were amazed by what they essentially bet blindly on when
       | they ordered it. The X2100 would be my dream laptop, but I didn't
       | manage to get one in time.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.xyte.ch/shop/x2100-pricing/
        
         | accurrent wrote:
         | His last post was in 2022. Singapore's national service is 2
         | years, he'd be out by now. Seems like he probably ran into
         | issues. Also he mentions his university: you can't start
         | university till you've finished your military service.
        
         | lproven wrote:
         | Try:
         | 
         | https://www.tpart.net/
        
           | h4ck_th3_pl4n3t wrote:
           | Holy shit. X210 with an Intel 7 Ultra 165H in it? Damn. I'm
           | sold.
           | 
           | Anyone got one of these already or are they still in pre-
           | production?
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | That's the way, India. Helping the poor and avoiding waste it's
       | the key point to improve the society.
        
       | robin_reala wrote:
       | Not the same thing as this article, but I was impressed with the
       | Chinese trend of "fixing" 2015-era MacBook Pros with broken
       | screens by deleting the screen and installing a blanking plate,
       | leaving the machine as a sort of C64/Amiga/ST/Acorn style
       | keyboard-and-CPU single unit that could be plugged into an HDMI
       | screen. https://ioshacker.com/news/people-in-china-are-using-
       | macbook...
        
         | datadrivenangel wrote:
         | I did this with an old ASUS laptop. Just removed the whole
         | screen after the hinges and LCD died. Worked fine!
        
       | fifticon wrote:
       | Part of the appeal of refurbished computers is that currently,
       | fresh new laptops and tablets have reached a horrible minimum-
       | quality. I have chewed myself and our household through a
       | possibly obscene number of laptops, tablets and smartphones over
       | the last 15 years or so. One of the villains in this story is
       | Asus.
       | 
       | An ugly pattern emerges. In my country, there is mandatory 2year
       | warranty on bought electronics - if it breaks before 24 months,
       | the retailer owes you a working specimen. Well, what do you
       | know.. I see a pattern of a lot of these items breaking before 3
       | years have passed. It is almost as if some hierarchy of managers
       | have dictated "can you make this thing last for 25 months, but no
       | further than that?"
       | 
       | - 1 the non-replacable battery will die, leaving the device a
       | brick.
       | 
       | - 2 the power management IC will die, so the system refuses to
       | light up or receive electrical current.
       | 
       | - 3 often, when (2) happens, the motherboard will be toasted as a
       | by-product, leaving you to pay 600 DKK to have the retailer
       | inform you "we have looked at your device, unfortunately the
       | motherboard died, so repairing it will cost you same price as
       | brand new. Thank you for the 600 you paid to have us tell you
       | that".
       | 
       | Within the last year, I have had two separate Asus VivoBooks die
       | on me, both after about 24 months of use - but critically, ">24",
       | so no repair/warranty. One of them a DKK-10.000 purchase, the
       | other a DKK-6.500 purchase. Neither of them have seen particular
       | abuse, they were used by me, as "household pets" - so laptops
       | that never left the couch.
       | 
       | I have taken a long time to learn this, but my learned lesson is
       | that I have stopped buying these "10k DKK for 24 months of
       | laptop" devices.
       | 
       | I am a pathological computer hoarder, and I have plenty of
       | desktop PCs that are still alive and kicking after 10+ years (in
       | which I may understandably have to replace PSUs).
       | 
       | The scam/grift that suppliers like Asus are operating on comsumer
       | devices, is that the PMIC is designed to fail, is soldered into
       | the motherboard, and that they love whenever the failing PMIC
       | kills the motherboard during its death throes.
        
       | lou1306 wrote:
       | I literally just bought a 2nd hand laptop, made by
       | $huge_tech_conglomerate_from_pacific_northwest, with an 11-th gen
       | i7, for less than EUR 250. The reason it was so cheap? It has a
       | defective charging port so it only charges via USB-C. So it's not
       | even "dead" dead.
       | 
       | This is mind-boggling, the CPU alone almost basically makes the
       | full price. In what world is this an efficient allocation of
       | resources?
        
         | fn-mote wrote:
         | > This is mind-boggling, the CPU alone almost basically makes
         | the full price. In what world is this an efficient allocation
         | of resources?
         | 
         | The world in which diagnosis (plus risk of incorrect diagnosis)
         | is done at $200/hour. Obviously a corporate sale, where they
         | cannot be bothered to check it out because that's not their
         | core business.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | Want a real solution to electronic waste, with real international
       | knock-on effects?
       | 
       | The EU should mandate 10-year warranties for higher-end consumer
       | electronics and durable goods.
       | 
       | This could work on a sliding scale: less expensive items get
       | shorter warranties (but never below the current 2-year minimum),
       | while pricier products require longer coverage periods.
       | 
       | Such legislation would:
       | 
       | 1. End the exploitation of workers in sweatshops producing
       | deliberately short-lived products
       | 
       | 2. Discourage planned obsolescence and reduce manufacturing waste
       | 
       | 3. Significantly decrease the climate impact of consumer
       | electronics
       | 
       | 4. Create genuine incentives for a Circular Economy where durable
       | products like quality ThinkPads become standard rather than
       | exceptions
       | 
       | By requiring products to last, we'd not only protect consumers
       | and the Environment, but also the vulnerable workers currently
       | trapped and exploited in sweatshops designed to produce
       | disposable goods.
        
       | MaxGripe wrote:
       | It seems to me that one (of many) factors contributing to the
       | fact that electronics are no longer repaired as often in Western
       | countries is the wealth of these countries and the relatively low
       | cost of electronics. If an hour of a technician's labor costs X,
       | and a particular piece of equipment can be bought for, say, 3X,
       | it doesn't make much sense for most people to repair it.
        
       | sunshine-o wrote:
       | Are there any good online resources for this beyond iFixit?
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | As a suburban kid in New York in the 70s, I also got my start in
       | tech by taking apart and sometimes repairing old radios. In my
       | case it wasn't a repair shop but an older sibling who encouraged
       | my interest.
        
       | preezer wrote:
       | I just love it, when people repair old stuff and the things are
       | running again for another time. I love to repair things myself,
       | it's just a very good feeling, if you managed to repair a device.
       | Don't ask how often it would be cheaper to buy a new device, but
       | the feeling is priceless.
        
       | danielktdoranie wrote:
       | One of the events in my early life that got me interested in
       | computers was a friend from middle school who lived near a Radio
       | Shack and a neighbourhood computer store. He dumpster dived and
       | got every computer he owned that way. He had a couple of
       | Macintosh computers, this was like 1992, with cracked plastics. I
       | enjoyed just sitting there and watching him tinker. His entire
       | bedroom was filled with stuff he liberated from dumpster diving.
        
       | bubblethink wrote:
       | This is largely a result of tariffs/duties that India imposes on
       | everything. A typical $800 laptop is going to cost $1200-$1500 in
       | India. Combined with the purchasing power parity, a good laptop
       | is out of reach for most people. The repair culture works
       | entirely due to artificial scarcity. Nostalgia for repairs
       | notwithstanding, it is a failure for the country that people
       | can't afford a decent laptop in 2025.
        
         | InfinityByTen wrote:
         | Food for thought: if a failure (of sorts) can make the
         | successful rethink their ways of being, is that success missing
         | the point, maybe?
         | 
         | A lot of ways of life in India are sustainable. In fact going
         | the consumerist ways of West is a step in the opposite
         | direction, given what all problems that has created for the
         | planet. I think the motive of the piece is not the nostalgia of
         | repairing, but how living with constraints births
         | sustainability and how we all can learn from it (including
         | India) and in fact foster it in a positive way :)
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >A lot of ways of life in India are sustainable. In fact
           | going the consumerist ways of West is a step in the opposite
           | direction, given what all problems that has created for the
           | planet. I think the motive of the piece is not the nostalgia
           | of repairing, but how living with constraints births
           | sustainability and how we all can learn from it (including
           | India) and in fact foster it in a positive way :)
           | 
           | Isn't this the degrowth ideology expressed in a slightly
           | obfuscated way? Being poor is more "sustainable", because you
           | don't have as much resources to consume.
        
             | InfinityByTen wrote:
             | I didn't know there was a term to it. I wouldn't think of
             | my stance currently as advocating of purposeful scarcity in
             | an anticipation of better distribution. Instead I do
             | consider it critical to "take a step back" and "evaluate
             | the problem statement at hand". Is the end goal more
             | consumption or better living?
        
               | bubblethink wrote:
               | The end goal is progress and prosperity. Semiconductors
               | are one of the few areas where there is rapid progress.
               | Depriving your large working age population of the tools
               | they need to improve their lives is counterproductive.
               | The problem statement at hand is that you have a poor
               | country plagued by graft and bureaucracy with the only
               | sliver of hope being technology that can create upward
               | mobility for your billion+ people.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Instead I do consider it critical to "take a step back"
               | and "evaluate the problem statement at hand". Is the end
               | goal more consumption or better living?
               | 
               | Except the context of this thread is talking about
               | tariffs on laptops, not random trinkets from aliexpress.
               | If someone is willing to part ways with $1000+ to get a
               | laptop/phone, I think that's a pretty good sign the goal
               | is "better living".
        
       | spaceman_2020 wrote:
       | A few years ago, I wanted to add more RAM to a Lenovo laptop. I
       | opened the thing, remove the RAM, and like a complete idiot,
       | switched on the power without any RAM in the slot.
       | 
       | The laptop refused to start.
       | 
       | I took it to the Lenovo center and they said about 7-10 days and
       | a minimum of Rs 10,000 (about $150 in those days).
       | 
       | Since this was too much for an old laptop, I looked for
       | alternatives. Someone suggested a repair shop in Nehru Place, New
       | Delhi
       | 
       | This was tucked into the back of the basement of a big tower. A
       | tiny 10x10 room filled with laptop parts
       | 
       | The guy at the counter looked at the laptop, opened it up,
       | twisted some wires around, added another few wires, and the thing
       | was working again
       | 
       | Total time: under 10 minutes.
       | 
       | Total cost: Rs 200 - just about $2.5 today
        
         | einpoklum wrote:
         | Wait, you mean the laptop refused to start after replacing the
         | RAM? And - was the price quote you got for adding RAM, or for
         | fixing the laptop so that it starts again (with the old RAM
         | SODIMM)? I couldn't quite follow the example.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >I opened the thing, remove the RAM, and like a complete idiot,
         | switched on the power without any RAM in the slot.
         | 
         | >The laptop refused to start.
         | 
         | >I took it to the Lenovo center [...]
         | 
         | This makes no sense. Why didn't you just replace the RAM? I
         | seriously doubt starting the laptop without RAM bricks the
         | laptop.
        
       | nirui wrote:
       | > "...For instance, we salvage parts from old laptop
       | motherboards, such as capacitors, mouse pads, transistors,
       | diodes, and certain ICs and use them in the newly refurbished
       | ones," says Prasad.
       | 
       | This highlights the problem of parts availability, especially for
       | older laptops (10 years old or even older). Since no one, the
       | original manufacturer as well as the "dup(licat)ors", is going to
       | make parts for laptops that old.
       | 
       | During my own attempt to revive my old laptops, I had to buy
       | three different keyboards, each costs around $8, from 2 different
       | recycling shop, to "Frankenstein" a working and fairly new-
       | looking one. And then the screen bezel and palm rest is another
       | struggle. One total revival ended up costed me around $50 and 2
       | weeks, and give up on another one.
       | 
       | I imagine in order for laptop/electronic repairing to work
       | reliably, manufactures needs to create standardized parts, like
       | what happened to desktop PCs. But that hasn't happened since
       | ...ever?
        
         | pmontra wrote:
         | I remember that my old HP nc8430 from 2006 cost only 20 Euro
         | some 10 years later. I could have bought a couple of them for
         | spares if I planned to keep it running. The problem was that
         | the GPU run out of software support circa 2012 and I had to pin
         | the Linux kernel to a 3.1x version. An open source driver
         | apparently made it into the kernel many years later but I never
         | checked if it actually works. I bought a new laptop in 2014
         | which is a kind of Frankenstein on its own nowadays. I replaced
         | the screen (a defective hinge under warranty), the RAM (maxed
         | it out at 32 GB), the HDD with a 2 TB SSD, the DVD burner with
         | another SSD, the keyboard many times as it wears out and maybe
         | that's it.
        
         | knowitnone wrote:
         | It is somewhat standard. CPU, memory, drives, LCD. The only
         | thing not standard is the motherboard. With 3d printing, you
         | can print your own base to contain the motherboard, plug all
         | those parts back in, screw on the LCD. Framework Computer is
         | doing repairable laptops
        
       | schnable wrote:
       | I wonder if repair culture will expand in the US if prices on
       | consumer elections rise with tariffs.
        
         | knowitnone wrote:
         | The US is unable to fix anything even if they are willing.
         | Throw-away culture has consequences.
        
       | dartharva wrote:
       | India is a classic cyberpunk dystopia. High tech penetration,
       | extreme income inequality, prevalent hacker undergrounds (as
       | shown in the article) and horrible quality of life.
        
         | thenthenthen wrote:
         | This should be the top comment.
        
       | sharadov wrote:
       | India still has a thriving repair and refurbishment culture,
       | which was born more out of financial necessity than environmental
       | concerns.
       | 
       | I know someone who exports automobile tires from the US to India
       | to be retreaded.
        
       | penguin_booze wrote:
       | The repair culture exists because there's a market for it.
       | People's disposable income--or lack thereof--forces them to make
       | do with less shiny, older, products. As society gets richer, this
       | repair culture, too, will fade and go extinct. "When I can easily
       | afford, why should I settle?", the thinking will go.
       | 
       | What I'd like to see is for society to embrace repair culture
       | because that feels the right thing to do. A culture where it
       | should feel immoral to chuck something out when there's still
       | life left on the product. A culture where repairing makes
       | economic sense--i.e., the cost of repair doesn't surpass that of
       | a new, comparable, product by a wide margin.
       | 
       | When deprecation is the norm and fashion, when companies are
       | incentivized to "innovate" (read: planned obsolescence) and flood
       | the market with cheap products, there won't be a repair culture.
        
       | srameshc wrote:
       | I bought a 2016 for someone for about $150 and it was probably
       | refurbished at such shop few months back. It had 16GB RAM and i7
       | processor enough to get going with design work with a nice
       | external laptop. I wasn't sure if it will last but took a bet and
       | it works perfectly.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Please ask your local representatives to vote for the right to
       | repair!
        
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       (page generated 2025-04-08 23:02 UTC)