[HN Gopher] Inside One of America's Last Pencil Factories (2018)
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       Inside One of America's Last Pencil Factories (2018)
        
       Author : perihelions
       Score  : 77 points
       Date   : 2025-04-07 11:43 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | smidgeon wrote:
       | I was astonished to discover (via HN) that the pencil was
       | invented (patented) in 1795, I has always assumed that it was
       | from antiquity
        
         | maxwell wrote:
         | The ancients had reed/bamboo pens, which looked similar to
         | modern pencils, though they were largely supplanted by quill
         | pens by medieval times.
        
           | Telemakhos wrote:
           | They had charcoal too. There are charcoal graffiti in
           | Pompeii.
        
             | TZubiri wrote:
             | The answer is 100% charcoal.
             | 
             | Ancient pencils were made of charcoal, unless you have a
             | very obtuse definition of what a pencil is.
             | 
             | If you've never made a pencil at home out of charcoal, can
             | you even say you are a free (wo)?man\?
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | There were predecessors to pencils going back hundreds of years
         | before that, with very similar capabilities. They used soft
         | metals that streak when dragged across a surface, particularly
         | silver and lead (Pb) (also the etymology of "pencil lead"); and
         | sharpened these into narrow points. The modern pencil sort of
         | iterated on those ideas. Soft graphite powder, in a wax binder,
         | leaves a streak superior to metals; and encasing it in wood was
         | the solution to the graphite composite's brittleness.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverpoint
         | 
         | Here's a zoomable example by da Vinci (don't you agree they
         | look awfully similar to pencil lines?)
         | 
         | https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1860-0616-...
        
           | julian_t wrote:
           | My wife does silverpoint. A couple of bucks worth of fine
           | silver wire in an old mechanical pencil, and you're set for
           | years of drawing. Pretty much the cheapest way to do art (and
           | it looks good, too)
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Seems like taking charcoal and binding it with cleaner wood
           | to not soil your hands would be one of the first inventions
           | after using charcoal to draw
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | A pencil is essentially a core of something that easily rubs
         | off onto other things surrounded in a protective cladding of
         | something that keeps it from rubbing off onto your hands; stuff
         | like this has existed for centuries.
         | 
         | There is essentially only one place in the world where graphite
         | suitable for pencils naturally exists, and this wasn't
         | discovered until the 1500s. Making it artificially from
         | powdered graphite was first done in 1662, and the first process
         | that approximates modern pencil construction was done in 1795,
         | which is probably what you're calling the invention of the
         | pencil.
        
         | kryptiskt wrote:
         | Henry Petroski wrote a great book about the history of the
         | pencil. There used to be a mine in Southern England which
         | contained pure graphite, that was found in the 16th century.
         | That graphite could just be cut into sticks and made into
         | writing implements. The modern pencil consisting of powdered
         | graphite with a binder is a response to that mine being
         | exhausted. So it's a substitute for a product that wasn't
         | possible before that pure deposit was found.
        
           | dambi0 wrote:
           | At risk of pedantry and not to diminish the overall point. I
           | think the graphite deposit was in Borrowdale which is in NW
           | England. There's actually a pencil museum in Keswick, a
           | nearby town.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/ucyK2
        
         | globnomulous wrote:
         | Thank you for your service.
        
           | pugworthy wrote:
           | Given someone always posts these it's too bad every article
           | can't just be set up with that kind of link. If there's a
           | legal reason it can't be done I'd not be surprised though.
        
             | compootr wrote:
             | there's browser extensions that'll do it as well
        
       | cameron_b wrote:
       | The company featured - https://generalpencil.com/
        
         | VladVladikoff wrote:
         | Interesting, I (being pencil ignorant) wonder how they compare
         | to the Japanese ones:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43243716
        
           | Palomides wrote:
           | personal opinion, I like general's and regularly use some
           | (especially the cedar pointe #1, and they also have some
           | solid art pencils), but japanese pencils like uni mitsubishi
           | and tombow are simply the best in the world
        
       | globnomulous wrote:
       | NYTimes, I don't care how much you pay photographer Christopher
       | Payne and the rest of your photography staff (and contractors).
       | No way is it enough. This is incredible work.
       | 
       | A quick internet search tells me Payne -- who shot the article --
       | specializes in large-format photography focusing on industry, and
       | the samples on his website are breathtaking:
       | https://www.chrispaynephoto.com/ Seems like the kind of thing
       | that would be right up HN's alley.
        
         | prawn wrote:
         | From the relevant gallery on Payne's site: "Between 2016 and
         | 2018, I made several dozen trips to the factory, photographing
         | every aspect of production. A selection of these photographs
         | was published in The New York Times Magazine in January 2018,
         | with an accompanying essay by Sam Anderson."
         | 
         | Several dozen!
        
           | Noumenon72 wrote:
           | The gallery: https://www.chrispaynephoto.com/general-pencil-1
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | I just saw that he is the one who photographed "New York's
         | Forgotten Substations: The Power Behind The Subway" a great
         | book on the old substations that powered the NYC subway system.
         | Certainly an excellent photographer.
        
         | gen220 wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing this! Pretty much every single gallery on
         | his website is awe-inspiring, he's an incredible artist.
        
         | indoordin0saur wrote:
         | Amazing! Thank you for pointing out that he has such a
         | beautiful website with his work on it
        
         | ChiefEngineer wrote:
         | I rolled my eyes reading your comment and went to the site to
         | validate that your gushing praise was over the top. Boy was I
         | wrong! His work is incredible!
         | 
         | Too many photographers these days misuse/overuse the Bokeh
         | effect and lose important visual information in their photos.
         | They also use poor lightning and coloring, under the guise it
         | is artistic when in fact it is a frustrating loss of the visual
         | elements.
         | 
         | Kudos to Chris Payne and his amazing work.
        
         | royskee wrote:
         | He had a coffee table book of photos come out not too long ago
         | called "Made in America" that is really nice.
        
       | daedrdev wrote:
       | The truth is that a lot of current American manufacturing sees
       | little investment / engineering towards the automation that could
       | save it and is in a holding pattern where it will eventually be
       | shut down or moved to a country with cheaper labor costs.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | It's a completely financial thought process. Nobody is going to
         | invest capital to make pencils 7% cheaper when I can dump money
         | in monkey NFTs and yield a big short term gain. China has
         | incentives to make pursuing those opportunities attractive.
         | 
         | The glory days of manufacturing that people think of are their
         | grandparents union jobs in the 1960s. The problem is the
         | leadership people like Musk and Bezos are thinking more 1860
         | than 1960 :)
        
         | laborcontract wrote:
         | Automation has been buoying it. We are producing as much as we
         | have in the past but at 10% of the workforce.
        
         | 9rx wrote:
         | Aside from what happened in 2008, American manufacturing has
         | effectively only ever grown by leaps and bounds, even while
         | manufacturing jobs have cratered. It is quite apparent that
         | American manufacturing has fully embraced automation where it
         | is sensible to do so.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | Seems like that already happened for industries susceptible for
         | that. You don't need ai to automate a factory. You could do
         | that by 1950. Labor costs have been cheap elsewhere for a while
         | too. Plenty of manufacturing already left for these reasons.
         | What remains stateside probably has some sticking factor that
         | is highly context specific and impossible to generalize.
        
         | absolutelastone wrote:
         | Last time I visited a Chinese factory (which was before covid)
         | it was heavily automated without much staff. They also did have
         | a few foreign laborers who didn't speak the local language,
         | ironically.
         | 
         | I visited a US factory more recently,o and it was all about
         | A.I., automation, and engineers (who maintained and operated
         | the robots). Availability of cheap unskilled labor was not a
         | relevant factor in the business.
        
           | nudgeee wrote:
           | This is known as Lights-Out Manufacturing:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_out_(manufacturing)
        
       | ty6853 wrote:
       | No one knows how to make a pencil.                 --Milton
       | Friedman
        
       | m4rtink wrote:
       | Might be interesting to compare with the Mitsubishi Pencil &
       | Tombow factories in Japan. :)
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | for something purely American, and just as eduring there is
       | 
       | https://www.edenkazoo.com/museum.php
       | 
       | not just a museum, also a working factory
       | 
       | which by pure accident I encountered, while traveling to see the
       | GD,
        
       | oflannabhra wrote:
       | Musgrave Pencil Co [0], in Shelbyville, TN is one of the only
       | other ones in the country I'm aware of.
       | 
       | The biggest challenge for a lot of these is that they essentially
       | require full-time machinists to keep the old machinery running,
       | as the manufacturers typically have gone out of business decades
       | ago. Tremont Nail Co [1] is another one I'm aware of, because
       | they manufacture nails with old processes (cutting instead of
       | wire).
       | 
       | Which really tells the story of US manufacturing decline. When
       | all supporting functions of an industry no longer exist, or have
       | migrated to other countries, or have been surpassed by new
       | technology, why should we romanticize and pine for an era that
       | has been passed by? Why shouldn't we have a vision for a new era
       | and double down on the things we are best at?
       | 
       | [0] - https://musgravepencil.com [1] - https://tremontnail.com
        
         | robotnikman wrote:
         | >Which really tells the story of US manufacturing decline. When
         | all supporting functions of an industry no longer exist, or
         | have migrated to other countries, or have been surpassed by new
         | technology, why should we romanticize and pine for an era that
         | has been passed by? Why shouldn't we have a vision for a new
         | era and double down on the things we are best at?
         | 
         | That is true, and most people do not romanticize working in a
         | factory as their day job. However it is a good idea I think to
         | keep some small amount of it onshore so the knowledge is not
         | totally lost, in case whatever country who is doing the
         | manufacturing decides to use that as leverage over your
         | country.
        
         | gwern wrote:
         | [0]: ...they're having a "beat the tariff sale". 5% off
         | everything.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | > why should we romanticize and pine for an era that has been
         | passed by? Why shouldn't we have a vision for a new era and
         | double down on the things we are best at?
         | 
         | Because if something bad happens, be it a war, trade war with
         | tarrifs or a pandemic, or just a stuck ship somewhere blocking
         | transport, you're left without everything that you were once
         | able to make, but can't make anymore.
        
           | oflannabhra wrote:
           | but going back to processes that are essentially "artisan" at
           | this point, instead of re-shoring efficient automated
           | manufacturing is the problem. Doubling down on making high
           | volume pencils in an inefficient way is a fools errand when,
           | if the stated goal is to manufacture all pencils domestically
           | used through domestic firms is going to require an entire
           | domestic supply chain on top of entirely new manufacturing
           | processes and machinery.
           | 
           | Trying to scale old systems is not going to solve the issue
           | of not being able to make the things we want to own, if that
           | is even a good or feasible goal in the first place.
        
             | dingaling wrote:
             | I think that's a bit of a straw man, onshoring doesn't
             | demand that it re-implements 1910-style production.
             | 
             | Maybe a new-tech pencil factory would only require 10 staff
             | to run it 24/7. That's fine. Onshoring doesn't equate to
             | full employment, but it does result in skills, knowledge
             | and revenue remaining within a local OODA loop instead of
             | being exported along with the actual production.
        
         | kbolino wrote:
         | Advanced economies are not so much living ahead in time as
         | living at the top of a deeper production chain. The lower rungs
         | on the production ladder do not cease to exist, though
         | sometimes one of them is replaced by another, they just move
         | around. And the biggest reason they are moved is to exploit
         | different laws. One does not need to romanticize the past to
         | want the work done under stricter laws at higher cost and with
         | better pay and working conditions.
        
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       (page generated 2025-04-07 23:02 UTC)