[HN Gopher] The Dire Wolf Is Back
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Dire Wolf Is Back
        
       Author : adrianhon
       Score  : 154 points
       Date   : 2025-04-07 10:09 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | tonijn wrote:
       | Very cool, but is it ethical?
        
         | api wrote:
         | We cause lots of things to go extinct. Doesn't seem any worse.
        
         | wombatpm wrote:
         | Mad Science means never having to ask "What's the worst that
         | can happen?"
        
         | krxci wrote:
         | This is a deeply philosophical question. But it's highly
         | dependent on the circumstances of a particular animal's
         | extinction. Is it ethical to resurrect the Wolly Mammoth into
         | our current climate when it's significantly warmer than the
         | climate of the Ice Age? Likely not.
         | 
         | Was a species hunted to extinction? Maybe restoring that
         | population would ease our collective conscience to some minuet
         | degree.
         | 
         | So maybe bringing back some of these species is being done so
         | as an apologetic gesture? Perhaps out of hubris?
         | 
         | To be fair, we're notoriously cruel to the animals that we farm
         | for mass food production and less directly to wild animals
         | (when human activity destroys their habitat). Images of such
         | farm operations might remind you of conditions imposed on
         | alleged dissedents by dictatorial regimes. You know, those same
         | conditions that are condemned as atrocious when imposed on
         | humans by humans. And this kind of treatment is still
         | absolutely prevalent today on humans and other animals.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Ethically, how is it different from (say) Kentucky Kennels LLC
         | trying to breed some Great Danes which drool less?
        
         | evanb wrote:
         | Hmmm, are you suggesting that the scientists were so
         | preoccupied with whether or not they could they didn't stop to
         | think whether or not they should?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3j9muCo4o0
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | Would it be ethical to let all this lightning striking the
         | castle's copper spire go to waste?
        
         | leesec wrote:
         | Please provide the unethical case
        
         | thomassmith65 wrote:
         | Is it ethical to make exaggerated claims in order to raise
         | money? No.
         | 
         | The article is one red flag after another.
        
       | MisterTea wrote:
       | Paywalled so I have to ask, why the dire wolf? Why not an animal
       | that humans drove to extinction like the dodo bird? Is it because
       | dire wolves sound cool and were in video games?
        
         | donalbrecht wrote:
         | Haven't read full article either. But dogs have an incredibly
         | well studied genome and are generally incredibly well
         | understood. And due to cloning efforts, performing implantation
         | of lab grown embryos is established protocol. Wolves are also
         | well studied and understood, so even tho dire wolves aren't
         | super closely related, the dog baseline is a great control.
         | 
         | This would be a lot harder to do with an extinct species we
         | don't know well.
        
         | projektfu wrote:
         | I would guess that it has to do with much more available
         | genetic information on dogs and more existing CRISPR work with
         | them. However, I do not know if these wolves will give us a lot
         | of information.
         | 
         | That said, the dodo is on Colossal's list of projects, along
         | with the wooly mammoth and the thylacine (Tasmanian tiger).
        
         | Pet_Ant wrote:
         | I'm guessing it's a mixture of practical concerns and something
         | that captures the imagination of investors.
        
         | globnomulous wrote:
         | My guess is that it is indeed because they're charismatic
         | megafauna.
        
         | shakna wrote:
         | > Colossal's dire wolf work took a less invasive approach,
         | isolating cells not from a tissue sample of a donor gray wolf,
         | but from its blood. The cells they selected are known as
         | endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which form the lining of
         | blood vessels. The scientists then rewrote the 14 key genes in
         | the cell's nucleus to match those of the dire wolf; no ancient
         | dire wolf DNA was actually spliced into the gray wolf's genome.
         | The edited nucleus was then transferred into a denucleated
         | ovum. The scientists produced 45 engineered ova, which were
         | allowed to develop into embryos in the lab. Those embryos were
         | inserted into the wombs of two surrogate hound mixes, chosen
         | mostly for their overall health and, not insignificantly, their
         | size, since they'd be giving birth to large pups. In each
         | mother, one embryo took hold and proceeded to a full-term
         | pregnancy. (No dogs experienced a miscarriage or stillbirth.)
         | On Oct. 1, 2024, the surrogates birthed Romulus and Remus. A
         | few months later, Colossal repeated the procedure with another
         | clutch of embryos and another surrogate mother. On Jan. 30,
         | 2025, that dog gave birth to Khaleesi.
         | 
         | The process seems to have dictated this. They needed an easy
         | surrogate, a dog, and wolves required no need of introducing
         | anything new into the genome, it's "just" reactivating what is
         | already there.
        
         | JauntTrooper wrote:
         | Birds are more difficult to clone than mammals. I don't think
         | we've been able to clone one yet.
         | 
         | I hope to see a passenger pigeon one day though.
        
           | mcdonje wrote:
           | Searched for this. Passenger Pigeons are the #1 species I
           | want resurrected.
        
         | cactusfrog wrote:
         | We have robust cloning protocols for dogs. For some reason dogs
         | are really amenable to cloning.
        
         | ashenke wrote:
         | From the article, it looks like they have multiple teams
         | working on multipe animals at the same time. But the dodo team
         | is going slower than the mammoth and the wolf :
         | 
         | > Keyte added that her team was still a long way from bringing
         | back the dodo. For one thing, the methods for growing and
         | manipulating the embryonic precursors of avian sperm and eggs
         | in a lab setting have been developed for only two birds: the
         | chicken and, recently, the goose. Keyte said, "It's been almost
         | twenty years since culture conditions for the chicken were
         | established, and those culture conditions have not worked for
         | other bird species, even ones that are really closely related,
         | like quail." She added that, despite the dearth of related
         | research, her team was getting better at growing the sperm-and-
         | egg precursors in birds: "We've gotten to the point where we
         | feel like we can start doing some migration assays"--a
         | technique for studying how the cells in an early embryo begin
         | to differentiate. Once the researchers got the basic method for
         | growing bird cells down, they could use the technology not just
         | to develop a dodo but also to help replenish populations of
         | endangered birds. The team had already identified some species
         | that could use the help.
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | Because Game of Thrones popularized the idea of a dire wolf as
         | an exceedingly rare protector of children, which helps them
         | persuade investors that there is a viable luxury market for
         | this product. They named one "Khaleesi", so it's not a
         | coincidental reference.
        
           | iSnow wrote:
           | House of Stark will still be happy to hear their heraldic
           | animal is back.
           | 
           | But yeah, clever marketing by this company.
        
       | api wrote:
       | Containing fragments doesn't mean this is a dire wolf, or does
       | it? Biological categories like species are fuzzy anyway. There is
       | tremendous variation within each species. But where do you draw a
       | line?
       | 
       | It's something that perhaps has more in common with a dire wolf
       | than extant wolves. Maybe it looks like one. Does it act like
       | one? Do we have any way of knowing?
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > Containing fragments doesn't mean this is a dire wolf, or
         | does it?
         | 
         | Only the Marketing Dept. (and some gullible-when-it-pays-to-be
         | reporters) think they are Dire Wolves.
        
         | pmags wrote:
         | Yes, species/lineage/population distinctions are quite fuzzy at
         | the level of divergence under consideration here (dire wolves
         | vs gray wolves).
         | 
         | Here's what was actually have done according to the New Yorker
         | article, starting with a gray wolf genome as the baseline:
         | 
         |  _After almost a year of computational genetic analysis,
         | Colossal researchers used Crispr to make twenty edits on
         | fourteen genes. Fifteen edits were derived from Colossal's
         | study of the dire-wolf genome and five tweaks were derived from
         | scrutiny of the gray-wolf genome._
         | 
         | 20 edits and 14 genes -- clearly some related to coat color,
         | however:
         | 
         |  _But the genes that guided coat color presented a problem:
         | they carried with them a risk of blindness and deafness. (In
         | humans, variations of these genes can lead to Waardenburg
         | syndrome, which causes pigmentation deficiencies, among other
         | problems.) So the group decided to edit a different gene that,
         | when expressed in dogs, also codes for a lighter coat._
         | 
         | So the coat color alleles are _NOT_ the dire wolf alleles.
        
           | calf wrote:
           | I don't get it, so dire wolves were only 20 gene changes from
           | gray wolves? Not thousands of tiny,crucial changes all over
           | their respective genetic codes?
        
             | pmags wrote:
             | Above I'm just reporting what the New Yorker reports that
             | Colossus has accomplished.
             | 
             | Reading between the lines, I take the reporting to imply
             | that these 20 edits are what Colossus thinks is sufficient
             | (at least for marketing purposes ;-) to recapitulate some
             | of the key phenotypic traits of dire wolves.
             | 
             | Does that make them actually dire wolves? Not in my
             | opinion.
             | 
             | I'd probably describe the genetically engineered pups as
             | "isogenic with parental gray wolf genomes with the addition
             | of 20 allelic edits that recapitulate key aspects of the
             | dire-wolf phenotype" (or something to the effect; Colossus
             | hasn't published anything by which to evaluate their
             | claims).
             | 
             | I don't work on canids, but a quick PubMed search turns up
             | this paper:
             | 
             | Perri AR, Mitchell KJ, et al. Dire wolves were the last of
             | an ancient New World canid lineage. Nature. 2021
             | Mar;591(7848):87-91. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. Epub
             | 2021 Jan 13. PMID: 33442059.
             | 
             | The analyses in that paper suggests quite a bit deeper
             | divergence between dire wolves and gray wolves than the New
             | Yorker articles implies.
        
         | indoordin0saur wrote:
         | I have to agree. While this is a very cool achievement and I'm
         | excited to see what this company does next, it seems
         | disingenuous to claim they brought a species back from
         | extinction. The pups are still genetically much more like
         | modern wolves than they are dire wolves.
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | These aren't even concerns limited to genetic engineering.
         | There was a good (if memory serves) _Radiolab_ story ages ago
         | about the conservation efforts on the Galapagos islands. The
         | relevant part is that Lonesome George 's genome died out with
         | him, and as a result there aren't any tortoises left that can
         | fill the fauna niche on his island of origin. But since the
         | tortoises on other islands are closely genetically related
         | (even given the separation between them), ecologists started a
         | multi-generational breeding program to attempt to select the
         | key traits of Lonesome George's strain so they can introduce a
         | new population to the island that will do the same job his
         | lineage did in the food web.
         | 
         | ... which begs the question: when you're doing Bene-Gesserit-
         | style eugenics on tortoises to get the perfect specimens,
         | what's the nature of the nature you're trying to preserve?
         | 
         | Humans _cannot_ interact with the natural world without
         | changing it, because it is the nature of life (and human life
         | in particular) to change things. The question isn 't how we
         | don't make an impact; it's how do we manage that impact
         | responsibly?
         | 
         | (I have no idea if breeding dire-wolf-alikes with genetic
         | modification is responsible or not. Let me know if they get out
         | of the lab and become an invasive species, I think).
        
       | toolslive wrote:
       | Unrelated. The article uses the word "decimated". It seems to me
       | a lot of people misinterpret the meaning of this word. It does
       | not mean "kill 90%", but "kill on in every 10" aka 10%.
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | Meanings shift with time. The original meant that (doled out as
         | a very harsh collective punishment by the Romans: groups of 10
         | would draw straws and be forced to kill the one who draw the
         | short straw). Now it's meanining is more along the lines of
         | 'severely reduced', where how much is 'severely' depends on the
         | context.
        
           | NilMostChill wrote:
           | indeed, this particular one though has the added complication
           | of having part of it's meaning contained in the composition
           | of the word.
           | 
           | It's usage is still changing, obviously , but for me it's a
           | more difficult transition because of the 'deci'
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | I think this one is already past the past the inflection
             | point, to be honest. I see people using the word with the
             | new meaning far more than the old one; hell, I see people
             | complaining about how the word is used more than I see it
             | used for the original meaning. My take is that the original
             | meaning is so narrow that it's almost inevitable that any
             | more broad usage that appeared would overtake it to the
             | point of drowning out the original.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | Meanings shift quickly. Decimate was first introduced circa
           | 1600 from Latin to mean "destroy every tenth". By 1660, it
           | started to mean "destroy large number".
        
             | indoordin0saur wrote:
             | The word is from 'decimatio' which appears in original
             | Roman histories written well before 1600.
        
         | andrewl wrote:
         | I would say it's more that they don't _know_ the meaning of
         | decimated. Or they don 't know the _original_ meaning of the
         | word. Now when someone writes that a population was decimated
         | they probably just mean it was massively reduced. I have also
         | seen articles saying a sports team decimated their opponent,
         | which in that context means the winning team won by a large
         | margin.
        
         | globnomulous wrote:
         | Semi-related: very few people, even capable professional
         | writers, use "disinterested" correctly.
        
           | argiopetech wrote:
           | Can you provide an example? I'm not sure how one would use it
           | improperly...
        
             | andrewl wrote:
             | The short answer is that disinterested means unbiased,
             | having no conflicts of interest, impartial. So a judge in a
             | court should be disinterested, but not _uninterested_.
        
             | WaltPurvis wrote:
             | It is often erroneously used when the writer means
             | uninterested.
        
             | FeteCommuniste wrote:
             | Using "disinterested" to mean "uninterested" has become
             | more common over the past few decades, rather than using it
             | in the older sense of "having no stake in the outcome,
             | having no bias or partiality with respect to a conflict."
             | 
             | An example would be saying that someone was "disinterested"
             | in what was happening on TV, or in music that was playing.
        
           | saghm wrote:
           | Using a word "correctly" isn't actually something everyone
           | agrees on, though. As much as certain usages rub me the wrong
           | way, it's hard for me not to fall on the side of
           | descriptivism and that the issue is with my reaction rather
           | than other people; words are all just made up sounds (and
           | written symbols, of course) that we use to communicate, after
           | all, and if enough people use them in a certain way, it
           | doesn't really make sense to me that there would be some
           | inherent meaning that overrides that. Language evolving isn't
           | a new thing, and once a meaning reaches enough mindshare,
           | there's no turning back.
        
           | toasterlovin wrote:
           | Interestingly, the macOS Dictionary app (which I believe uses
           | some version of the OED) has this note about the word:
           | 
           | "Ironically, the earliest recorded sense of disinterested is
           | for the disputed sense."
        
         | furyofantares wrote:
         | Decimated is from Latin decimatio, where a large group of your
         | army would be split into groups of 10, each group would draw
         | straws, and the shortest straw would be stoned to death by the
         | other 9. A completely brutal form of military punishment for
         | capital offenses such as cowardice. It is not really adequately
         | captured by reducing it to "kill one in every 10".
         | 
         | Wikipedia says it may be ahistorical though.
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimation_(punishment)
         | 
         | It also notes "In modern English, the word is used most
         | commonly not to mean a destruction of a tenth but rather
         | annihilation."
        
         | hyperbolablabla wrote:
         | This is like saying people misinterpret the word "awful" or
         | "literally"
        
       | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
       | We're overdue for a horse archer empire as well
        
       | logicchains wrote:
       | I never realised the Dire Wolf was a real historical animal, not
       | just a fantasy one like the Owlbear.
        
         | p_ing wrote:
         | It's not just an MtG card.
         | 
         | https://scryfall.com/card/ice/230/dire-wolves
        
           | evanb wrote:
           | Even if it weren't a real extinct animal it wouldn't have
           | just been an MtG card
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_Wolf_(song)
        
         | ourmandave wrote:
         | Oh shit, the next instagram thing will be DnD cosplayers trying
         | to get selfies with them.
        
           | imzadi wrote:
           | I think Game of Thrones cosplayers would be more likely
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | There's a reason horses are so fast; they co-evolved in the
         | Americas with something they had to outrun.
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | That seems much more likely to be cheetah-ancestors than dire
           | wolves.
        
       | billnad wrote:
       | So disappointed that this isn't an article about the Grateful
       | Dead
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | In the timbers of fennario..
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | The wolves are running round
           | 
           | The winter was so hard and cold
           | 
           | Froze ten feet 'neath the ground
           | 
           | Don't murder me, I beg of you don't murder me...
        
             | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
             | Username checks out
        
           | mikey-k wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zK948fIFYpE
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | I got really excited that it's about Minecraft's once popular
         | modpack
        
           | natebc wrote:
           | Dire is still at it. New pack for Minecraft 1.21 updated as
           | recently as a few weeks ago!
           | 
           | https://feed-the-beast.com/modpacks/126-ftb-presents-
           | direwol...
           | 
           | You can even see some history/stats for all the Direwolf
           | packs: https://feed-the-
           | beast.com/modpacks?search=direwolf&sort=fea...
        
       | githubholobeat wrote:
       | There is an article about this in Time magazine, no paywall.
       | https://time.com/7274542/colossal-dire-wolf/
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | Thanks, that's a terrific article
        
           | lightedman wrote:
           | Its a horrible article. Grey wolves and dire wolves arent
           | even genetically related in a way that allows for this sort
           | of gene editing and we have known this for a few years now.
           | If anything, a dire wolf is closer to a red wolf.
        
             | ryanwhitney wrote:
             | Yep, an absolutely empty PR grab. And seems not closer to a
             | red wolf either, but entirely distinct from wolves as we
             | know them. Only similar via convergent evolution.[0]
             | 
             | 0: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dire-wolves-
             | were-...
        
             | mmmrtl wrote:
             | It seems their deeper sequencing of dire wolf samples
             | clarified the phylogeny - they claim the dire wolf's
             | closest living relative is the gray wolf, at 99.5%
             | identity. The 2021 study was only able to sequence the dire
             | wolf genome at 0.23x coverage and put a 0.56 probability on
             | their species tree (Fig 2A). https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstre
             | am/2268/255832/1/NatureDireWol...
        
       | alexggordon wrote:
       | Archive.org link
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20250407131025/https://www.newyo...
        
       | johnecheck wrote:
       | Here's[0] a recent editorial about Colossal, the company behind
       | this.
       | 
       | Basically, they make some flimsy claims about conservation and
       | combating climate change to justify creating a poor imitation of
       | Jurassic Park. Naturally, there's some real moral dilemmas that
       | they gloss over in pursuit of the money a few wealthy people will
       | pay to be able to say "I saw a Mammoth!"
       | 
       | [0]: https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/04/editorial-mammoth-
       | de...
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | In the beginning, only "a few wealthy people" could afford
         | cars. This does not seem like a very good argument against
         | anything new.
        
           | buttercraft wrote:
           | Yeah, as if we're all going to be riding dire wolves and
           | mammoths to work in a few years...
        
             | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
             | We'll perhaps visit them at the zoo.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | Oh, good, so when that happens they'll be making some
               | flimsy claims about conservation and combating climate
               | change to justify creating a poor imitation of Jurassic
               | Park that wealthy _and_ middle class people can visit.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | True philantropists it seems.
               | 
               | (Never mind, that they never conserved anything)
        
               | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
               | "HN is 90% someone imagining a guy, tricking themselves
               | into believing that guy exists and then getting mad about
               | it"
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | I think people are conflating (fiction writer) Michael
               | Crichton's claims of _Jurassic Park_ being for the
               | wealthy and well-connected with the real-world economics
               | of a zoo.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | Can you elaborate?
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | As people have noted in other threads: Zoos, generally,
               | maximize revenue (and community value, which is its own
               | ineffable thing that matters a lot... The economics of
               | zoos aren't just in dollars and cents, they're also in
               | the local community thinking of them as a shelter, care
               | space, and opportunity to see exotic animals without
               | going to another continent and not, say, an animal-prison
               | and a blight on the community, the kind of opinions that
               | matter when zoos need more land to operate or want to
               | form research or educational partnerships with
               | neighboring institutions) by being a place the public can
               | afford to go.
               | 
               | As far as I can tell, the idea of a dinosaur zoo as an
               | exotic locale on its own island is... Pretty much a
               | whole-cloth invention by Michael Chrichton. Based loosely
               | on Disney, and even Disney's first two theme parks are
               | places a public can drive to (and Disney works hard to
               | keep prices down against the onslaught of the supply-
               | demand curve of "very few parks that everyone wants to go
               | to at least once in their lives"). It's an idea very
               | detached from reality and I'm pretty sure it was a plot
               | device to make sure our characters were _trapped_ on the
               | island instead of being able to just walk to the gate and
               | drive away.
        
         | leesec wrote:
         | Why would a zoo or something just be for wealthy people
        
           | johnecheck wrote:
           | Investors expect returns on the hundreds of millions of
           | dollars they've invested.
           | 
           | At best, it'll be a very expensive zoo.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | They could just get the government to pay the company gobs
             | of money for conservation efforts...
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | In fact, Apple has invested so much money in the iPhone.
             | The only way they can make it work is if they sell the
             | iPhone only to billionaires. Yes, just like Disney. The
             | cost of Disneyland and Disneyworld mean that the only way
             | it could provide a return is if the only people who can
             | attend are the very wealthy. I think my model of the world
             | is very good. It accurately describes things.
        
               | johnecheck wrote:
               | iPhones are very expensive.
               | 
               | If you own an iPhone, you're already wealthier than a
               | large chunk of the planet.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Oh I see. When you meant "very expensive" you meant
               | "easily accessible for the median American" and when that
               | guy said "wealthy people" you interpreted that to be "the
               | median American". It's true that Europeans and so on are
               | quite poor but the company is in the US. Yep, factually
               | most Africans can't go to Disneyland either.
        
               | johnecheck wrote:
               | Spot on.
               | 
               | If Disneyland claimed to be helping fix world problems
               | like biodiversity loss and climate change, that would be
               | worth criticizing as well.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Well, fortunately, the US won't be involved in fixing
               | world problems any more now that USAID is out. Our dirty
               | dollars shan't taint the virtuous poor any longer.
        
               | upghost wrote:
               | I don't know who you are or why you charge 850/hr to book
               | but I like your brand of snark and I hope you post more
               | often
        
             | amarant wrote:
             | Nah. The zoo's expenses will be pretty much fixed,
             | regardless of number of visitors. They'll want as many
             | visitors as possible: there's more money in selling a
             | million cheap tickets per day than there is selling 5
             | expensive ones!
             | 
             | At worst, it'll be a very crowded zoo
        
               | johnecheck wrote:
               | Presumably those expenses will be a lot higher than a
               | regular zoo, at least in the short/mid term.
               | 
               | I'd assume that translates to relatively costly ticket
               | prices, right?
        
               | amarant wrote:
               | I dunno. If we assume rational, greedy owners and the
               | costs are fixed(as in, there's a cost per animal, not a
               | cost per visitor), the costs are pretty much irrelevant
               | to pricing. They'll want to maximise income. The
               | parameters that matters are how many visitors you'll get
               | at any given price point, multiplied by that price point.
               | 
               | Ofc, I'm assuming Homo Economicus run this zoo, that
               | might not be accurate irl
        
             | aetherson wrote:
             | The business model of Colossal is to patent and sell
             | genetic editing techniques that they prove out in their
             | deeextinction process, for whatever that is or isn't worth.
        
             | kayge wrote:
             | Would you say they "spared no expense"?
        
           | zombiwoof wrote:
           | Id pay to go to a zoo full of wealthy people in cages
        
         | vrosas wrote:
         | The mammoth is the big PR project but Colossal is working on a
         | number of species, and the idea is the research will enable us
         | to easily "de-extinct" or prop up the population of any number
         | of species if and when they're in danger.
        
           | johnecheck wrote:
           | _Any number of species_?
           | 
           | Maybe in theory, but propping up an entire ecosystem in
           | collapse is well beyond Colossal's reach and incentives. This
           | money and research would be better spent preventing the
           | ecosystems from collapsing in the first place.
           | 
           | If we fix climate change, I could see an argument for
           | investing in restoring the ecosystems that were destroyed.
           | But 'de-extincting' a species without addressing the root
           | causes of that extinction is idiocy.
           | 
           | Realizing this, these types will give up on re-introducing
           | the original organism and instead create a bioengineered
           | version that can survive in the changed world. I fear this
           | path will not end well for us.
        
             | vrosas wrote:
             | Climate change is only one reason for extinctions. Humans
             | also tend to hunt a lot of things out of existence, like
             | the dodo, that Colossal is also trying to bring back.
        
               | oyashirochama wrote:
               | Non climate hunting and direct habitat destruction is
               | likely the largest cause of the current mass extinction
               | event going on, life will eventually find a way to take
               | advantage of humans like rats and pigeons already do or
               | avoid it entirely like bats do.
        
             | prescriptivist wrote:
             | > Realizing this, these types will give up on re-
             | introducing the original organism and instead create a
             | bioengineered version that can survive in the changed
             | world. I fear this path will not end well for us.
             | 
             | Developing and injecting genetic resiliency into existing
             | populations isn't the worst thing in the world.
             | Additionally adding animals that can only reproduce sterile
             | offspring would be an amazing tool for dealing with
             | invasives. That kind of practical work very easily follows
             | from this R&D.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | The sterile-insect technique has been practiced since the
               | 1950s. There is nothing novel or newly promising in that
               | regard presented here.
        
               | prescriptivist wrote:
               | Are you saying that a company like Colossal has nothing
               | to offer to the field of genetic biocontrol or are you
               | saying there is nothing of interest in the field?
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | I'm saying that even if they can do it, which nothing so
               | far suggests, then the enormous prior art in the field
               | should still make it uninteresting to them in any case.
               | Nothing you could patent, and it isn't charismatic to
               | billionaires. Why bother?
        
               | johnecheck wrote:
               | Agreed, engineering our environment is hardly the worst
               | thing. But it comes with some real risks that we
               | shouldn't take lightly.
        
           | Hemospectrum wrote:
           | I'm continually disappointed they didn't decide to call it
           | "reinstinction."
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Every project I've seen of theirs has been like this one: take
         | an existing animal and tweak its genome very slightly to make
         | it look kinda like the extinct one, then declare that they've
         | brought back the extinct species. Never mind that it's still
         | just a wolf with 14 very specific genes tweaked.
         | 
         | That _could_ be just a limitation of the current technology and
         | one that they 're working on fixing--maybe some day they plan
         | to bring back large amounts of lost genetic diversity--but
         | their PR around it definitely communicates that they see this
         | as the de-extinction project itself, which sure does make it
         | look like they're only really interested in building a zoo, not
         | actually rebuilding true biodiversity.
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | Plus, at a certain point we should probably ask what we're
           | even doing here. At the same time and using the same
           | ostensible "pro-environment" framework, we:
           | 
           | 1. refuse to engage in biome modification to save soon-to-be-
           | homeless species like the Axolotl,
           | 
           | 2. are willing to go to great lengths to preserve existing
           | biomes exactly as they are, such as opening up _owl hunting
           | permits_ to protect the western US 's shittier owls from
           | encroachment by the dominant eastern species, and
           | 
           | 3. are trying to revive mammoths and dire wolves to increase
           | biodiversity.
           | 
           | If we truly care about biodiversity, we should probably
           | decide upfront why we aren't protecting some of the 400K
           | species of beetles or 150K species of flies (together making
           | up ~1/3rd of all animal species) instead.
           | 
           | Personally, my preferred answer is simpler: embrace human
           | aesthetic preferences, rather than pretend we're doing all
           | this for some altruistic, scientifically-supported cause. Not
           | only should we respect nature, we should respect its inherent
           | capacity for change and disregard for human morality. Nature
           | is ambivalent towards mass extinctions, much less specific
           | ones!
           | 
           | TBH, the _Red Mars_ books ' discussion around when and why to
           | preserve abiotic martian landscapes may have radicalized me
           | on this issue...
        
             | octopoc wrote:
             | A big reason why we should support biodiversity is that
             | once an animal is extinct, it's practically impossible to
             | bring it back. With small effort now we can avoid great
             | effort later. And any ecosystem is so unbelievably complex
             | that we just aren't yet at the point where we can predict
             | exactly how things will adapt.
             | 
             | I haven't read Red Mars but these are both very different
             | from an abiotic landscape. You can easily go back to an
             | abiotic landscape on Mars because that's the default. It
             | doesn't take delicacy. And, an abiotic landscape is
             | extremely simple compared to an ecosystem. We can easily
             | predict what will happen if we go back to one.
        
           | naravara wrote:
           | I really don't even see the point in "deextincting" animals
           | that went extinct due to climate or geological changes.
           | They're not even fit for the present ecology anymore. De-
           | extinction of species that died due to industrialization or
           | human stress on the environment makes a lot more sense since
           | there is, presumably, a vacant ecological niche they could be
           | filling. Like bringing back the passenger pigeon or dodo
           | bird, or repopulating the oceans with species that have been
           | critically overfished. But who cares about bringing back
           | wooly mammoths and giant sloths?
        
             | gweinberg wrote:
             | I do. I couldn't care less about passenger pigeons though.
             | To each his own.
        
             | kakapo1988 wrote:
             | Because humans wiped out the mammoths, giant sloths, and a
             | host of other megafauna. All those species survived
             | millions of year, and numerous previous ice ages, but had
             | no defense against human hunters. So as each area on earth
             | was colonized by our species, the megafuana were quickly
             | wiped out in that area.
             | 
             | I'm from NZ, and we had that event in our recent history.
             | The islands had numerous species of giant birds, but these
             | were wiped out quickly by the first humans who came here,
             | just a few centuries ago. Same everywhere. We've been
             | driving species to extinction for a long time.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | 14 isn't enough for you, though it is enough to influence
           | looks to the point that it does look different enough, but
           | how many genes need to be changed for it to count, for you?
           | There's some 40 million differences between humans and
           | chimpanzees, but only about 700 that are unique to humans.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | Humans aren't chimpanzees. For this to be a direwolf there
             | would need to be zero differences.
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | Source for those numbers? Your last sentence doesn't seem
             | to make sense.
        
         | jdminhbg wrote:
         | Wealthy people, huh? Well now I'm against it!
        
           | johnecheck wrote:
           | Lmao 'wealthy people bad' was definitely the substance of the
           | critique, thank you for your valuable insight.
        
         | qoez wrote:
         | The main lesson from 90s movies is that we must build the
         | torment nexus
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | That entire article just sounds like a collection of every
         | naysayer argument they could find, compiled into an
         | authoritative-sounding essay on why doing nothing is better
         | than doing some very cool proof-of-concept genetic editing
         | tech. Are they just reflexively against tech these days?
         | Because when the arguments they bring are so scattered and
         | miscellaneous, it sure sounds like they're justifying a
         | preexisting opposition to the idea.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Collosal would face less pushback if they were upfront about
           | the fact that they aren't a serious attempt at solving any
           | ecological issues but that maybe they could push the tech
           | forward enough that someone else could use it to solve real
           | problems.
           | 
           | There's nothing wrong with building cool proof-of-concept
           | tech as a prestige project that might actually lead to real
           | solutions some day, but Collosal's dire wolf lookalike and
           | mammoth lookalike and whatever else lookalike aren't a
           | serious solution to a problem nor a direct path towards a
           | solution, so they get valid criticism for pretending that
           | they are.
        
             | generalizations wrote:
             | I suspect the environmental pushback is from a vocal
             | minority which dislikes the cynical lip-service companies
             | have found it necessary/expedient to give.
             | 
             | "nor a direct path" is doing a lot of heavy lifting there -
             | I see no reason to push back against a company that is
             | figuring out how to run back the extinction process. If
             | you're claiming that their attempts _yet_ a solution, then
             | your point is as useless as expecting them to solve the
             | entire problem on the first go. If you 're claiming that
             | their attempts aren't even going in the right direction,
             | and aren't how you find a solution, then that would require
             | much more evidence towards a negative proof than has yet
             | been raised here - enough to say that they should
             | definitely give up now.
             | 
             | In fact, insofar as we care about extinction, their success
             | is likely our best shot at long-term preservation. I'd like
             | to see them keep trying.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | > a company that is figuring out how to run back the
               | extinction process
               | 
               | Are they, though? This isn't a dire wolf, it's a wolf
               | with a few genes tweaked to make it look more like a dire
               | wolf. I see no evidence that they have any intention of
               | pursuing the far more arduous task of actually preserving
               | an endangered species or restoring one with all of its
               | actual DNA, and I don't see a compelling reason to
               | believe that introducing a lookalike in the wild will do
               | anything to fill the gap left by the real thing.
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | > introducing a lookalike in the wild will do anything to
               | fill the gap left by the real thing
               | 
               | The dire wolf may not fill a valuable niche, but I
               | believe it's at least plausible that herds of engineered
               | woolly mammoths would have a positive environmental
               | impact.
               | 
               | I personally don't care if they "really" restore an
               | extinct animal or not (perfect clone vs. hairy
               | elephants). Their creations are cool proofs of concept
               | for the genetic engineering tooling that they're creating
               | and captures public/investor imagination much more than
               | more mundane (but monetizable) aspects of the work, like
               | working with massive amounts of data, gene editing tools,
               | etc.
        
               | red-iron-pine wrote:
               | > The dire wolf may not fill a valuable niche, but I
               | believe it's at least plausible that herds of engineered
               | woolly mammoths would have a positive environmental
               | impact.
               | 
               | In a world that's rapidly getting warmer and more
               | inhospitable to currently existing life, why do you think
               | a wooly mammoth will 1) succeed at anything, and 2) have
               | any sort of positive impact.
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | The idea is that cold-resistant elephants / woolly
               | mammoth - like creatures would restore arctic steppe
               | grasslands and promote carbon sequestration. It's
               | difficult to sum up in a sentence but there are quite a
               | number of articles out there on it, and it doesn't seem
               | like the most bonkers idea I've ever heard.
               | 
               | And, at the end of the day, the bespoke critters are
               | visually compelling proofs of concept for tooling &
               | technology that they can spin off and sell for more
               | mundane purposes.
        
         | ta1243 wrote:
         | > in pursuit of the money a few wealthy people will pay
         | 
         | Perhaps they could have a coupon day?
        
           | nopelynopington wrote:
           | Someone's rewatched recently :)
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | > a few wealthy people will pay to be able to say "I saw a
         | Mammoth!"
         | 
         | Oh come on, we already know the end goal is for the uber rich
         | to be able to "hunt" a Mammoth in a small enclosure, then post
         | tacky pics in safari clothes next to a dead one on Facebook.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Farmer here. The return of the regular wolf has been a tragedy of
       | historic proportions. Wolves slaughter tons of livestock for fun.
       | Farmers are not allowed to protect their herds at all. What will
       | a dire wolf do to livestock if we bring them back? So dumb.
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | Where is this? In US the deer herds have grown so much out of
         | control that they are worse than biblical locust - they trample
         | and eat everything they find because there is no natural
         | control of their numbers, until they eat everything they can
         | find and starve. At least in theory wolves are meant to thin
         | out their numbers.
         | 
         | >>hat will a dire wolf do to livestock if we bring them back?
         | 
         | Is a dire wolf any worse than regular wolf here?
         | 
         | >> Wolves slaughter tons of livestock for fun.
         | 
         | Almost no predator slaughers their prey "for fun". Hunting has
         | a massive cost to it - risk of death, injury and expenditure of
         | energy always have to be balanced with the potential gains.
         | Wolves hunt when they are hungry, not because they are bored.
        
           | silexia wrote:
           | Hunters are happy to take all the deer that they are legally
           | allowed to. This is the fault of poor government management
           | of hunting.
           | 
           | Do some actual research on wolves. They will kill a dozen
           | cows in a day in a pen and not eat any of it.
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | >>They will kill a dozen cows in a day in a pen and not eat
             | any of it.
             | 
             | To be honest with you - I don't even know where I'd begin
             | to look for stats like these - have you got any links I
             | could read?
             | 
             | I was only really able to ask Gemini about it which seems
             | to confirm that wolves generally don't kill animals for any
             | reason other than sustenance but obviously LLM so I accept
             | it might be fully wrong -
             | https://g.co/gemini/share/e1ce79cd97de
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Don't farmers get reimbursed for livestock lost to natural
         | predators?
        
           | gorfian_robot wrote:
           | farmers/ranchers always wanna bitch bout something (at least
           | in the US). and we like the myth/nostalgia of the small
           | operations out on the frontier so that's gets a lot of play.
        
             | aerostable_slug wrote:
             | A local small farmer nearly got bankrupted when mountain
             | lions killed most of his alpaca herd along with a bunch of
             | sheep and goats. The cats engaged in surplus killing and
             | didn't bother eating most of their kills (the state thought
             | perhaps a mother was teaching a cub hunting skills, but
             | it's not like they got an interview with Mom).
             | 
             | Easy to talk smack until it happens to you or someone you
             | know.
        
           | silexia wrote:
           | Not in the USA. There a variety of random government programs
           | that give money in ways that do not make sense. It would be
           | better to have zero government support and have the market
           | naturally raise prices up a bit to cover things directly.
           | Right now, government programs are set up to take care of a
           | variety of special interests, most of which are silly and
           | don't really help farmers and are very wasteful. I had four
           | government people visit my farm for several hours recently
           | and spend several weeks writing papers, all for a possible
           | $25k well grant. The admin costs far surpass that, and most
           | of the farmers using these programs don't really want what
           | they are getting that much.
        
           | codingdave wrote:
           | Yep, they are in my state, and at least a few others I know
           | of.
        
         | tokonoma wrote:
         | A recent study in Germany concluded that permanent electric
         | fences are an effective long-term solution for protecting
         | livestock from predators. granted - the upfront cost is
         | significant. In regions where the wolf population has returned.
         | Rather than placing blame on the wolves, there is a need for
         | policy change that allows for coexistence where the return of
         | wolf to the ecosystem offers ecological benefits. These
         | policies should include livestock reimbursement programs for
         | farmers and subsidies for installing these fences.
        
           | silexia wrote:
           | Most of these studies are done by politically motivated
           | people with zero connection to the real world. I have
           | permanent electric fences all over my property and wolves and
           | coyotes and deer easily jump over them. Unless a farmer is
           | willing to spend so much money he goes bankrupt on a 10'
           | fence with tons of welded wire, the wolves come through.
        
           | iSnow wrote:
           | Well, even more recent reports from Germany also claim that
           | wolves are damn clever to cope even with e-fences.
           | Unfortunately, the question of wild wolves roaming the
           | country now has become a cultural war issue where you can
           | easily guess the left/right divide.
           | 
           | For our ecosystem, a well-managed wolf population is probably
           | a good thing, but rationality is about to go out the window
           | over here. Of course, wolves do not slaughter herds out of
           | pure fun, but also true is that the can wreak quite a bit of
           | economic damage if they break into a holding pen.
        
           | aerostable_slug wrote:
           | > need for policy change that allows for coexistence where
           | the return of wolf to the ecosystem offers ecological
           | benefits
           | 
           | A more reliable approach might be to enact policy change
           | where the return of the wolf to the ecosystem offers
           | financial benefits.
           | 
           | One way to do this is with licensed trophy hunting. Nobody
           | argues thousands of dollars in revenue from hunting tag
           | lotteries, trophy fees, etc. is "fake news" as they might
           | with an appeal to ecological reasons.
        
       | ashenke wrote:
       | > "He explained that I was looking at a plan for a restored
       | ecosystem. It was also a perfectly adapted money machine. There
       | was a large area where the ancient elephants could graze, and
       | this would be funded, in part, by carbon-offset payments from
       | governments and corporations. The carbon value of a single
       | elephant is about two million dollars, he told me. (An elephant
       | increases biodiversity, in part, by spreading seeds in its dung
       | and by crushing dense vegetation on forest floors, giving slow-
       | growing trees the space to survive.) He added that the
       | interesting educational opportunities and "sexiness factor" of
       | Colossal's creations would make its carbon credits "trade at a
       | premium.""
       | 
       | So it's a startup, valued at 10 billion?! How exactly do they
       | plan to make money?
       | 
       | Seriously, could anything be more 21st-century? Resurrecting
       | extinct animal species (ones that supposedly went extinct
       | naturally, mind you, not because of humans - what's the point
       | then?) just to reintroduce them into parks and sell carbon
       | credits.
        
         | vrosas wrote:
         | The real prize is the technology and techniques to do this sort
         | of stuff. CRISPR is a fascinating technology that we're just
         | now seeing the benefits of[0]
         | 
         | 0 - https://www.labiotech.eu/in-depth/crispr-technology-cure-
         | dis...
        
       | jkmcf wrote:
       | I'm unsure we want or need a real Dire Wolf, but American
       | Alsatians have been bred for a while:
       | https://www.marvelousdogs.com/american-alsatian/
        
         | quuxplusone wrote:
         | Thank you; the opening paragraph of that article was fantastic.
         | 
         | > American Alsatians were first bred to create a family
         | friendly dog breed that looks like a dire wolf. (The dire wolf
         | is an ancient North American wolf species that became extinct
         | around 13,000 years ago.) This dog has all the benefits of
         | looking like a dire wolf, but it is calm and gentle enough to
         | be a great pet. They are an intelligent, loving and gentle
         | family dog [...]
         | 
         | "Has all the benefits of looking like a dire wolf" is a great
         | phrase, and I think highly relevant to the OP article here and
         | the disagreement I see in the HN comments between the people
         | who think "the benefits of looking like a dire wolf" are self-
         | evident and those who think they're non-existent. :)
        
       | keepamovin wrote:
       | _Subscribe now to witness the rise of the Dire Wolves, step by
       | primal step:_ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPX4tm-J2bU
       | 
       | Colossal has just released a 1970s style nature documentary about
       | the Dire Wolf pups (now quite large)
        
       | bookofjoe wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/Iko9w
        
       | zombiwoof wrote:
       | What could go wrong
        
       | droptablemain wrote:
       | Be neat if they opened a theme park on a remote island filled
       | with de-extinct creatures.
        
         | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
         | Probably should hire more than 1 IT person, and, don't skimp on
         | the generators and battery backups for the electric fences.
        
       | archagon wrote:
       | Winter is coming.
        
       | givemeethekeys wrote:
       | The term "dire" in "direwolf" comes from the Latin word "dirus,"
       | which translates to "terrible" or "fearsome." This name reflects
       | the wolf's large size and predatory nature, as well as its status
       | as a formidable hunter during the Pleistocene era.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_wolf
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | I think it's ethical, but I hate that it's fake
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_wolf#DNA_evidence Look at this
       | caldogram and text
       | 
       | > The sequences indicate the dire wolf to be a highly divergent
       | lineage which last shared a most recent common ancestor with the
       | wolf-like canines 5.7 million years ago. The study also measured
       | numerous dire wolf and gray wolf skeletal samples that showed
       | their morphologies to be highly similar, which had led to the
       | theory that the dire wolf and the gray wolf had a close
       | evolutionary relationship. The morphological similarity between
       | dire wolves and gray wolves was concluded to be due to convergent
       | evolution. Members of the wolf-like canines are known to
       | hybridize with each other but the study could find no indication
       | of genetic admixture from the five dire wolf samples with extant
       | North American gray wolves and coyotes nor their common ancestor.
       | This finding indicates that the wolf and coyote lineages evolved
       | in isolation from the dire wolf lineage.
       | 
       | There are a lot of extant species that are as closely related as
       | the wolf. Cheating based on phenotype sucks. We want real genetic
       | diversity!
       | 
       | Best case, the female wolves they just just made are suitable
       | mothers for the next round of hybrids, so they converge over
       | time.
        
         | Ericson2314 wrote:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/07/science/colossal-dire-wol...
         | 
         | This however disagreed with Wikipedia, and said there was some
         | inbreeding. That helps make this less fake.
        
           | LordDragonfang wrote:
           | Do you mean "interbreeding?" If so, I'd like to see the
           | actual source for that claim.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | The first robots were toys and wishful thinking. But look at
         | the path that's set us down.
         | 
         | Be it a pale shadow or not, this is a first milestone down a
         | path I hope we continue on.
        
           | srik wrote:
           | At some point far in the future, humanity will populate an
           | entire planet with custom designed species, something like
           | the engineers from prometheus. If only there were a way to
           | live long enough to see all that.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | Maybe the future lightcone denizens are of masters of
             | physics. Perhaps one day they get bored of building Dyson
             | spheres and decide to tap into the past for amusement.
             | 
             | Maybe they have unimaginable access to such vast energies
             | that they can capture every photon that ever left earth and
             | effectively reverse the lightcone.
             | 
             | Maybe they can sample the neural state of every lived human
             | with exacting precision and wholly create the history of
             | life on earth down to every single human thought and
             | experience. Every neurotransmitter flux. If you've
             | conquered galaxies and bent physics, perhaps this
             | unimaginable resolution of observation is quite trivial.
             | 
             | Maybe they'll resurrect us. Hopefully into a world
             | palatable for us, not some hellscale dystopia
             | horror/torture simulator the quadrillionaires of the future
             | enjoy putting us through.
             | 
             | Maybe that's you now. Being resimulated.
             | 
             | This is all ludicrous, implausible, science fiction
             | fantasy. But maybe your next waking moment will be meeting
             | the future. Hopefully they have something good in store.
        
       | whyenot wrote:
       | I wish people would focus more on increasing dog lifespans
       | instead of stuff like this. How about a Bernese Mountain Dog that
       | lives 15+ years instead of 7 years.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Yes - but put the emphasis on healthy, productive lifespans.
         | NOT on "prolong the suffering, for the benefit of the private-
         | equity-owned veterinary clinic" crap.
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | Why does this feel like they'll eventually get to modifying
       | humans and this is a first step.
       | 
       | 'Son, you weren't an accident, you were custom designed to be
       | smarter than Einstein, faster than Bolt, with musical attitude
       | rivaling Mozart.'
       | 
       | Sounds like a dystopian nightmare waiting to happen. Ban it now.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | just because a couple of writers wrote some sad stories?
        
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