[HN Gopher] Mass grave of Roman soldiers found under Vienna spor...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mass grave of Roman soldiers found under Vienna sports field
        
       Author : speckx
       Score  : 88 points
       Date   : 2025-04-04 15:54 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gizmodo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gizmodo.com)
        
       | prmoustache wrote:
       | There are some funny questions in the comments: "So to be clear,
       | they were Roman soldiers killed. Not locals?"
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | That caused me to re-read the article. Actually it is
         | surprisingly ambiguous on that point inside the text of the
         | article, with wording like
         | 
         | > the human remains likely belonged to soldiers who died during
         | a battle involving ancient Roman legionaries.
         | 
         | Doesn't say which side they were on. The most direct bit seems
         | to be
         | 
         | > X-ray images of the sheath revealed typical ancient Roman
         | decorations: silver wire inlays [...]
         | 
         | But a German could just have traded with a Roman at some point.
         | 
         | Of course, the headline says they are Roman soldiers. I wonder
         | if it is hard to tell definitively.
        
           | hx8 wrote:
           | A simple DNA test should tell us. Roman soldiers were
           | recruited from a diverse gene pool and fought far from their
           | birthplace in mixed groups. A simple test to determine the
           | average variance of genetics will let us know if they were a
           | single ethnicity. Further cross references to compare
           | similarity to other known genomes can tell us which region an
           | individual was from.
           | 
           | Whole genetic sequencing cost about $500. So <$75,000 for the
           | sequencing of the entire 150, plus scientist time to gather
           | samples and process results. Answering the question through
           | genetics probably costs more than $250,000 even with cheap
           | grad student labor, so it's probably just not worth it,
           | especially when the moral high ground is to let the dead
           | rest.
        
             | tecleandor wrote:
             | Sequencing 2K years old material is not that easy,
             | specially WGS. From what I've been told, both from
             | degradation and contamination, you're going to need much,
             | much more samples and work than when doing a regular $500
             | sequencing.
             | 
             | You can do simpler procedures to find their general
             | regional origin, although it always requires more work in
             | those conditions.
             | 
             | Edit: Wien Museum press release says they're doing DNA and
             | isotope analysis, but doesn't say the concrete techniques
             | applied.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | Thanks for lifting me above the Dunning-Kruger threshold
               | so that I understand there is more to archaeological
               | genetics then I previously conceived of.
        
               | Tuna-Fish wrote:
               | DNA in the ground has a half-life of ~500 years. After
               | 2000 years, ~6% of the DNA remains. More crucially, there
               | will not be a single complete chromosome left, it's all a
               | jumbled, mixed mess of DNA fragments.
               | 
               | This can be reconstructed, but it requires a much larger
               | sample than normal DNA analysis. (You need to get enough
               | fragments to get a whole genome, with enough overlap
               | everywhere that you can reassemble the pieces.)
               | 
               | The largest problem after that is that the vast majority
               | of DNA in all your samples will not be human DNA, but DNA
               | of the various bacteria that live in the soil. This
               | doesn't ruin the sample, because you can just reconstruct
               | everything and then discard all the things that are not
               | human chromosomes or mitochondrial DNA, but it does
               | greatly increase the workload when compared to a pure
               | human DNA sample.
               | 
               | There are a lot of smaller problems that I am eliding
               | here. But amazingly, all the problems are solvable, and
               | the progress in this field in just the past decade is
               | staggering. We have usable fragments that teach us new
               | things that are >500kyr old, the oldest complete human
               | genome we now have is ~45kyr old, and more recent samples
               | are solving hundred-years-old historical debates, and new
               | ones are done almost daily. We are living in the golden
               | age of archaeogenetics, and many papers published today
               | on it will be cited for a hundred years or more.
               | 
               | ... but all the solutions to those problems create a lot
               | more work, and thus a lot more cost than those $500 gene
               | sequencing kits.
        
             | hoseyor wrote:
             | Most likely They are not going to be allowed to rest at
             | all. Especially western humanity is basically sanitizing
             | the whole earth below them of human culture and history and
             | storing it away in boxes and vaults, and ephemeral digital
             | files of dubious quality, centralized for some Library of
             | Alexandria or Dresden Bombing atrocity to totally erase all
             | the centralized records of humanity.
             | 
             | No one seems to think of these types of things, especially
             | in todays world where everything is digital and even in
             | places like America there will be nothing left but rather
             | uninteresting rubbish piles of plastic and other toxic
             | remains left where stick and drywall houses and junky metal
             | warehouses used to be.
             | 
             | There will be no silver lined sheathes of common soldiers,
             | no coins of any kind, let alone gold ones, there will be no
             | hidden manuscripts, not even charred scrolls that could be
             | recovered with the use of AI. There will not even be any
             | buildings and castles that stood the test of time for 1000
             | years, or any new pyramids because it rich and successful
             | don't build grand and permanent anythings. Humanity will
             | effectively have not only left a huge hole in history
             | starting in about the 1980s, but there won't even be
             | anything left to discover in the ground from the past the
             | way we are going. And worst, even the digital history is
             | clearly starting to come under attack with censorship and
             | deletion and even the IP rules where corporations just get
             | to delete what they dem you should no longer have.
        
               | luddit3 wrote:
               | Sir, this is a Wendys.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | TBH I agree that we Americans are going to leave behind
               | some really lame plastic artifacts. But I'm trying not to
               | worry about that sort of thing too much, it doesn't seem
               | healthy to worry too much about what'll happen long after
               | we're dead. If we do, we might forget to live, right?
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | Despite all that it has become much easier to copy vast
               | quantities of information. A modest effort to archive by
               | future generations could deliver far more than was
               | previously possible through discovery of antiquities. And
               | paper products are still produced in vast quantities.
        
               | MomsAVoxell wrote:
               | We are on the precipice of a new space age.
               | 
               | Where you should put your horizon is Psyche 16.
               | 
               | Space-factories building Starships for everyone. New
               | iPhones dropping from the sky.
               | 
               | Earth, returned to Eden.
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | "The experts also noted remarkably good dental health."
        
         | FirmwareBurner wrote:
         | The Roman army must have had good deductibles.
        
           | remoquete wrote:
           | And CDI plans better than those in year MMXXV.
        
             | credit_guy wrote:
             | MMDCCLXXVIII AVC
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita
        
           | skirge wrote:
           | good selection of conscripts
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Too poor to afford sugar.
        
           | hx8 wrote:
           | Actually bread was the most common issue for poor dental
           | hygiene at this time.
           | 
           | Flour was ground by stone, tiny pieces of stone made its way
           | into the bread, and the stone stripped the enamel from teeth.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | ugh!
        
             | readthenotes1 wrote:
             | And still not as dangerous as adding sugar to everything
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | I wouldn't trade my diet for the diet of a roman. The
               | estimated 500ml wine/daily is very high.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> The estimated 500ml wine /daily is very high._
               | 
               | My dad and grandad would laugh at this. 500ml/day is
               | rookie numbers in the former Roman parts of Eastern
               | Europe.
        
               | seszett wrote:
               | Your dad might not be the best example of a healthy
               | lifestyle.
               | 
               | Because they (and many other people) drank more than
               | that, doesn't mean it's a good diet. The Romans drank
               | they wine cut with water though I think.
        
               | fnordlord wrote:
               | Less than a bottle/day. Not something I do but not
               | something I wouldn't do either.
        
               | frenchwhisker wrote:
               | Roman wine was heavily diluted though, at least.
        
               | foobahify wrote:
               | Yes maybe it is more like a pint of weak beer per day by
               | modern alcohol standards. Not great for you but maybe a
               | good source of clean water.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | The 500ml is the undiluted amount [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine
        
               | sva_ wrote:
               | German breweries gave their workers an allowance of 4 to
               | 8 liters of beer per day not too long ago. ('Haustrunk')
        
             | disambiguation wrote:
             | So youre saying micro stones in the food supply were
             | causing a public health crisis?
        
           | globalise83 wrote:
           | Sugar (cane or refined) wasn't really a thing in the Roman
           | period, even for those who could theoretically have afforded
           | it.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Pliny the Elder described sugar, but he said that it was
             | used only for medicinal purposes, presumably because having
             | to be imported from India through Arabia it was available
             | only in small quantities and at high prices.
             | 
             | However, besides the more expensive honey, boiled
             | concentrated grape juice was widely used as a sweetener,
             | for most purposes where today sugar would be used.
        
             | ashoeafoot wrote:
             | They had a very toxic replacement though, basically grape
             | juice sirup rendered down in lead kettles.
        
       | wolfi1 wrote:
       | Romans usually burnt their corpses, so it is quite unusual to
       | find skeletons.
        
         | mikestew wrote:
         | From TFA: _"Since cremations were common in the European parts
         | of the Roman Empire around 100 AD [CE], inhumations are an
         | absolute exception. Finds of Roman skeletons from this period
         | are therefore extremely rare," said Kristina Adler-Wolfl, head
         | of the Vienna City Archaeology Department._
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Which might tell a story in itself. This might have been a
           | small detachment that was ambushed and utterly wiped out,
           | leaving nobody alive on the Roman side to perform the
           | traditional funeral rites. Instead the attackers were left to
           | bury the bodies in their own tradition.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "Instead the attackers were left to bury the bodies in
             | their own tradition."
             | 
             | Germanic tribes usually burned their bodies as well. But
             | that does not mean, they feld oblieged to give the enemy a
             | proper rite.
        
       | morninglight wrote:
       | Can anyone tell me the manufacturer and model of the small, round
       | vacuum cleaners in the photograph? You cannot believe how filthy
       | my workshop gets.
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | Have you looked at Shop-Vac? They make multiple sizes, the
         | small wing being a cute 1 gallon (3.7 liters) desk version:
         | https://www.shopvac.com/products/shop-vac%C2%AE-1-gallon-1-0...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-04-07 23:00 UTC)