[HN Gopher] Why Do Domestic Prices Rise with Tarriffs?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why Do Domestic Prices Rise with Tarriffs?
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2025-04-06 14:45 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (marginalrevolution.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (marginalrevolution.com)
        
       | esafak wrote:
       | Since he jokingly hypes it up, is his _Modern Principles of
       | Economics_ good?
        
       | bombela wrote:
       | Is it recursive?
       | 
       | Presumably the same effect applies if it were tariff between
       | towns, then counties, then states, and finally countries.
       | 
       | Then what, we are missing interstellar trades to lower the prices
       | on earth?
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Yes.
         | 
         | Too bad interstellar trade will probably never be economically
         | viable. But it would lower prices, yes.
        
         | erehweb wrote:
         | See also Krugman's paper on the theory of interstellar trade
         | https://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/interstellar.pdf
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | Ah yes, Paul "Inflation has slowed down (but not reversed) if
           | you ignore all the things people actually need to live"
           | Krugman. That man is a dishonest, partisan hack and if he
           | said the sky was blue I'd go outside to make sure:
           | 
           | https://x.com/paulkrugman/status/1712494317024026761
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | The smaller the polity, the less practical it is to produce
         | everything. Most towns aren't going to be growing wine grapes
         | or olives at all, so tariffs would just raise local prices and
         | lower imports rather than shifting local production. But they
         | could also induce people to drive to the next town over for
         | shopping.
        
       | JSR_FDED wrote:
       | Tariffs only make sense to protect a fledgling domestic industry
       | which is already receiving investment. Even then, does anyone
       | think that for instance US car makers will suddenly be
       | competitive globally?
        
         | ChocolateGod wrote:
         | Europeans don't tend to buy American cars because they're too
         | big for smaller older roads and are inefficient (Europe has no
         | domestic petroleum source, so fuel prices are much higher and
         | volatile).
         | 
         | Tarrifs aren't going to change that.
        
           | n3storm wrote:
           | "Smaller older roads" XD
           | 
           | We don't live every family in a house miles away from work,
           | schools and friends. Many of us live in cities, within flats,
           | with lines of metro or bus close by. Our children go walking
           | to schools. Roads are fine and maintained so regular vehicles
           | can be used instead of 4x4, bikes are respected. Roads have
           | sidewalks to walk.
        
             | poincaredisk wrote:
             | Have you ever been in the US? The roads there are _huge_.
             | Road lanes are huge. Cars are huge. Crossroads are huge.
             | Parking spots are extremely large. European roads are fine,
             | but they are way more narrow and tuned for smaller
             | vehicles. It 's easier to drive with a smaller car (or
             | "normal sized" for you).
             | 
             | Also in Europe in the west we have narrow or paved
             | historical roads, and in the east we have many poor quality
             | roads. In both cases smaller (non-huge) car is beneficial.
        
               | n3storm wrote:
               | They are huge indeed. But is not the reason we don't buy
               | USA cars. In the countryside yes, for years, because they
               | are useful. Transport tools, materials, dogs...
               | 
               | Cities center are transitioning to no-cars, so paved
               | historical roads is not an issue.
               | 
               | Europe is quite a mix also, maybe is an issue in your
               | area, not in Spain.
        
               | rstuart4133 wrote:
               | I think the point @n3storm is making isn't about the size
               | of the roads. It's far more radical than that. They are
               | saying European city's haven't just ditched SUV's - they
               | have ditched cars.
               | 
               | If you come from somewhere like the USA, Canada or
               | Australia, it's hard to imagine that's even possible.
               | Actually, it isn't possible in the suburbia's those
               | countries have built to house their people. But it turns
               | out it is not just possible if build your cities
               | differently, it's better in some ways. It costs less
               | because there are no cars, you waste far less time in
               | commute, and its healthier because people get more
               | exercise (they use their legs to move around).
               | 
               | "They have ditched cars" is an exaggeration of course. A
               | lot of them still have cars. But most days, they won't
               | use it. Daily commutes are done on foot, or bike. Long
               | distance commutes have a public transport leg. It's hard
               | to get your head around unless you live there for a few
               | weeks.
        
             | kubb wrote:
             | There's no point in explaining that. A lot of them have
             | never been outside the country and maybe Canada. Even if
             | they can afford to go somewhere they don't have the time.
             | They can only imagine the world outside as a version of
             | what they know. And everywhere they went hasn't been very
             | different from what they have at home. They won't be able
             | to imagine it.
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | You're assuming a lot given HN's American demographic
               | isn't exactly reflective of the general population.
               | 
               | Even among the American general populace, most have
               | traveled to a country besides Canada.
        
             | ChocolateGod wrote:
             | When I say "old", I am referring to that the layout/route
             | was thought of centuries ago, long before the invention of
             | the car or anything remotely close.
             | 
             | e.g. London.
        
               | mananaysiempre wrote:
               | London is somewhat unusual in that its streets are
               | actually rather wide for a European city, due to urban
               | planning regulations enacted after the Great Fire and
               | (until recently) the willingness of its inhabintants to
               | demolish historical buildings. Paris, Vienna, or Prague,
               | for example, are generally much denser, not to mention
               | genuinely medieval cities like Girona.
        
               | n3storm wrote:
               | London is not a representation of Europe, nor Madrid.
               | Even Paris is completely differente. Germany was full
               | rebuild after war. So, is Europe is a mix, but roads are
               | not the reason to not buy tractors, is utility. Tractors
               | are for country work.
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | The roads _are_ smaller and older. It 's just that that
             | isn't a bad thing.
             | 
             | And it is a bad thing for cars. It's just not a bad thing
             | for people, because good alternatives to cars exist.
        
           | loudmax wrote:
           | Ironically, the one American car company that was interesting
           | to Europeans was Tesla.
           | 
           | European governments may be reluctant to put a tariff on
           | Tesla because of Elon Musk's political association with the
           | Trump government. This is literally how fascism works, and
           | appeasing the bully is distasteful, but that's realpolitik.
           | It will be up to European consumers to reject Tesla because
           | the brand is now toxic.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | I keep asking 2 colleagues how their nazi car is, suffice
             | to say they are not very happy and ashamed of owning it
             | now. Of course both have semi-mandatory stickers with 'I
             | bought this car before elon turned nazi' but that's a bit
             | bullshit... he was utter piece of shit way before he
             | entered government with his salutes. Very effective manager
             | with a good nose on hiring actually brilliant technical
             | people, but that's about it with his positives.
             | 
             | Horrible parent, horrible boss, racist spoiled nepo kid out
             | of touch with reality with gigantic ego, who grew up in
             | apartheid and evidently took not so good lessons from it...
             | I could go on, it was out there for all who cared to look.
             | Most didn't due to his stellar successes.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | I imagine that being a poor Dad with a gigantic ego is
               | pretty common amongst CEO's. Sure there were troubling
               | signs but there were also signs of Musk working for the
               | better good, like pulling out of Trump's advisory council
               | in 2017 to protest pulling out of the Paris accord. It
               | was obvious the guy was weird and a little unhinged, but
               | many of my interesting friends are weird and a little
               | unhinged. Buying a Tesla before 2024 was an unequivocally
               | "left" statement.
        
           | meekaaku wrote:
           | I think US and other non-european companies can and do make
           | cars targeted to EU market that complies with local laws and
           | customer preference. They can make the cars smaller to fit
           | road/lanes/parking spaces, just like they put the steering
           | wheel on the right for UK.
           | 
           | Infact Tesla is (or was) best selling car in Norway and UK
           | too.
        
           | stop50 wrote:
           | Have you never heard of the north sea oil fields? Norway
           | funded its pension fonds with it and a few other states use
           | the oil from there.
        
           | Gud wrote:
           | Europe has domestic petroleum production.
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | They already are.
         | 
         | In addition it's precisely because of tariffs (of which there
         | have been many on cars and SUVs long before all this) that we
         | have tons and tons of foreign brands actually building cars in
         | the US.
        
           | chrisandchris wrote:
           | I think that doesn't answer the question parent asked.
           | 
           | Do European car makers build in the US? Yes. Is that going to
           | change? I don't think so.
           | 
           | Do US cars sell good in Europe? No. Is that going to change?
           | I don't think so too.
        
             | CPLX wrote:
             | Have you been to Europe? There are American cars
             | everywhere, though yes they don't sell as well there as
             | European cars do here.
             | 
             | > Europeans don't tend to buy American cars because...
             | 
             | Wait until you realize that the EU tariff on American cars
             | has been 4x the US tariff in EU cars for awhile.
        
               | gls2ro wrote:
               | > Wait until you realize that the EU tariff on American
               | cars has been 4x the US tariff in EU cars for awhile.
               | 
               | Can you share the specifics of this lets say end of 2024?
               | 
               | I could find for example: EU has 10% on cars from US
               | while US has 2.5% in general and 25% on pickup trucks.
               | Important to note in USA the pickup trucks market is the
               | biggest one vs mid size being the biggest one in EU.
               | 
               | When looking at it it seems to me that both entities
               | wants to protect their biggest markets: EU with only 10%
               | protecting midsize and USA with 25% their pickup trucks.
        
               | xorcist wrote:
               | > Wait until you realize that the EU tariff on American
               | cars has been 4x the US tariff in EU cars for awhile.
               | 
               | That's a simplification beyond what's truthful. Import
               | taxes are different on different types of cars, both in
               | the EU and the US. There's certainly some type of car
               | where the above is true, maybe some type of gas guzzling
               | pickup truck or something, but over the total amount of
               | sold cars it is not. Trade-weighted differences simply
               | aren't that great, which is not a coincidence because a)
               | both the US and the EU are developed economies which are
               | likely to benefit from free trade, b) taxation works in
               | nudging the market what to buy which evens out the
               | differences further, and c) we have had trade agreements
               | where this was an explicit goal.
        
               | chrisandchris wrote:
               | I actually live in the heart of it. Yes, there are US
               | cars here but maybe 1 out of 10 is American in my local
               | and wider area. People tend to buy German, Swedish or
               | French cars here.
               | 
               | > Wait until you realize [...]
               | 
               | Well, I won't buy am american car (maybe a smaller ford,
               | but not the typical US car) because where I live you
               | won't bring them into most parking lots, and for sure not
               | in parking building. Especially in cities many of them
               | are narrow even with typical EU cars.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | You have cause and effect backwards. Cars aren't some
               | static thing that you grow on trees and sell, where like
               | American trees grow bigger cars.
               | 
               | The question you should be asking is why American
               | manufacturers don't target the EU market more
               | aggressively and make cars that fit the formats Europeans
               | buy.
               | 
               | It's not the only reason but an absolutely crucial factor
               | is that EU states protect their domestic auto industry
               | via tariffs and industrial policies/subsidies.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | In practice, the only significant American brands in
               | Europe are Ford and Tesla. Ford has long designed cars
               | specifically for the European markets (their big sellers
               | are very different in Europe and in the US, and many of
               | their European big-hitters are not even available in the
               | US), and Tesla, of course, isn't doing so great these
               | days.
               | 
               | (GM also used to have a couple of European brands, but
               | again they were rather different to GM's big US sellers.)
        
         | sightbroke wrote:
         | Ironically I believe I've seen that U.S. EV manufacturing has
         | already started to slow down & projects being cancelled.
         | 
         | Edit: relevant links
         | 
         | https://archive.ph/J1wSt
         | 
         | https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-electric-vehicles-a...
        
           | justahuman74 wrote:
           | I'm not in EVs, but I'm already seeing a "don't import
           | anything to the US if you can avoid it" message at work.
           | 
           | Datacenter space in Canada is now suddenly very appealing,
           | you can put machines there directly from Asia without paying
           | tarrifs, but still get good network latency into the US
        
             | darreninthenet wrote:
             | The Great Cheeto will be demanding network latency tariffs
             | next
        
         | aiaisabsicjbd wrote:
         | Tariffs make sense to protect industry critical to the
         | independence of a country. Imagine how different the Ukraine
         | war would look if the EU wasn't dependent on Russian (or US)
         | energy.
         | 
         | Yes, profits and growth may not be optimal. But it's like
         | complaining your 401k isn't doing as well as it could since
         | you're paying for healthy food and a gym membership.
         | 
         | That being said the manner trump is implementing these tariffs
         | is ridiculous. They should be slow, meticulous, and announced
         | far ahead of time. These seem optimized for chaos and are
         | likely aimed at political goals (see TikTok and China already)
         | or simply crashing the market (wouldn't be the first time
         | Bessent has profited off a financial crash).
        
           | _heimdall wrote:
           | > They should be slow, meticulous, and announced far ahead of
           | time.
           | 
           | The main lesson they learned from Trump's first term was that
           | they were better off making big changes and fixing what they
           | broke later. Moving slowly seemed to make it too easy for
           | "the machine" to stop them as it were.
           | 
           | I don't say this as the right lesson to have learned or a
           | good approach, just an observation.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | I just think this is an unreasonably charitable way to
             | frame the observation. "The machine" identified, in Trump's
             | first term, that many of the policies he wanted to
             | implement would be bad for the country or would violate the
             | law. It's true that moving more quickly and chaotically
             | provides fewer opportunities for people to identify and
             | mitigate the problems in advance - but that's not _good_ ,
             | even for someone who wants big changes, unless you view
             | causing problems in and of itself as a good thing. (In that
             | vein, I should note that Trump shared a video last week
             | from a guy saying he intentionally crashed the stock
             | market.)
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Yeah that's totally reasonable. People tend to get so
               | emotionally and politically charged today with anything
               | that mentions Trump that I tried there to just comment on
               | their lesson learned regardless of my opinion on it. I
               | could definitely see that coming across as too charitable
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | OK so he and his cronies intentionally crash global
               | economy to buy cheaply. How come absolutely nobody stands
               | to them?
               | 
               | If he would be dictator in 3rd world country, half of his
               | military or personal guard would want to kill him. Then
               | you have lone lunatics or just very motivated people with
               | a good rifle and scope and skill to actually use it for a
               | precise 1km shot. I bet he already pissed off few
               | thousands of those since he very intentionally harms USA
               | as a country and its citizens. Yes millions in gun
               | community, nra etc would eat their shoes before thinking
               | negatively of him, but that's not whole armed community
               | in USA.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | A _targeted_ tariff (for instance, a tariff specifically on
           | gas and oil) might arguably make sense there; a blanket
           | tariff absolutely would not.
        
         | energy123 wrote:
         | Tariffs will make them less competitive, mainly because the
         | inputs are also being tariffed whereas international
         | competitors can buy tariff-free inputs. These blanket tariffs
         | will destroy any potential for internationally competitive
         | manufacturing.
        
         | _heimdall wrote:
         | Is anyone expecting tariffs to improve global competitive
         | advantage?
         | 
         | Tariffs may work towards an isolationist goal of producing and
         | consuming our own goods. Tariffs are an attempt to unwind
         | globalization though and disconnect our markets from the rest
         | of the world.
         | 
         | Whether it makes us more competitive globally is really a non-
         | goal. It could happen if our resources, labor, and
         | manufacturing costs are lower than other countries but that's
         | extremely complex to predict even if you wanted to try.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | Yep I think this is really the important point.
           | 
           | Free trade has its own set of negative consequences. Namely
           | that it's good for owners of the means of production but not
           | for the workers.
           | 
           | What's interesting to me is that tech is effectively the last
           | "American made manufacturing", and the relative lack of
           | outsourcing (compared to other forms of manufacturing) has
           | kept tech workers powerful.
           | 
           | The same logic of h1b workers weakening the American citizen
           | tech worker, applies to free trade.
        
             | _heimdall wrote:
             | > tech is effectively the last "American made
             | manufacturing"
             | 
             | Its at least the largest industry manufacturing here, I'd
             | expect.
             | 
             | I have friends that work in manufacturing in the US though,
             | it does happen.
             | 
             | One, for example, runs a family business making steel
             | buildings and storm shelters. They use American made steel
             | if I'm not mistaken, I'm less certain about other inputs
             | like the paint or equipment used (certainly the welders,
             | heavy equipment, etc are foreign).
             | 
             | Another works in the automotive industry. Parts come in
             | from overseas and we largely just assemble vehicles here
             | today, but I'm not so sure how different that is from
             | software.
             | 
             | I write code on foreign hardware that runs in someone
             | else's server farm also running foreign hardware.
             | 
             | Hell, when Microsoft was still shipping software on CDs you
             | may have noticed a little fine print mentioning the
             | Caribbean island on which the disc was technically
             | manufactured. US employees designed the software, but for
             | tax purposes the manufacturing technically happened
             | offshore.
             | 
             | Software is a huge industry, but it is still heavily
             | dependent on globalization.
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | _> Hell, when Microsoft was still shipping software on
               | CDs you may have noticed a little fine print mentioning
               | the Caribbean island on which the disc was technically
               | manufactured._
               | 
               | I don't recall this at all. What software was it?
               | 
               | Going through my box of ancient software, they all either
               | say made in the US either on the CD/DVD or on the
               | packaging, except for a copy of Office 97 and Office 2007
               | which says made in Puerto Rico (which is the US).
               | 
               | They certainly had CDs pressed in other countries for
               | foreign markets. I imagine some foreign made laptops
               | might have come with CD/DVDs pressed in those countries.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Office was the example I had in mind. The discs sold in
               | the US were printed outside the US, they weren't only for
               | foreign markets.
               | 
               | I don't recall if Windows discs were printed outside the
               | US, though I do believe binaries were compiled and signed
               | outside the US.
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | Are you certain the island in the Caribbean you were
               | thinking of wasn't Puerto Rico? I can't imagine what
               | other island you'd make them on.
               | 
               | All six versions of Office I have seemed to be made in
               | the US. They're all retail copies however.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Puerto Rico sounds right, and if you still have a
               | physical office disc with that on it that totally makes
               | sense.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | > Tariffs may work towards an isolationist goal of producing
           | and consuming our own goods.
           | 
           | At this point I'm not even sure that is true. I think instead
           | we'll just see the "cost of doing business" passed along to
           | us consumers.
        
             | _heimdall wrote:
             | Oh I think that must be the case. We've spent decades
             | profiting by externalizing many of the costs of our
             | consumption onto other parts of the world. Isolationism
             | means we now how to deal with those costs or change our
             | consumption.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | Trunk whines that American cars aren't bought in. Europe.
         | Americans cars are "big as bars", a "compact" is larger than my
         | "big car", let alone the small one. Their trucks literally
         | won't fit down the road.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | Also many Fords and Teslas are bought there.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I'm not going to quibble with you on this, because I think
         | you're right, but I can think of a secondary use. A country
         | with weak governance could use tariffs to raise money because
         | it's easy to manage at the point of entry, rather than
         | requiring more sophisticated systems such as income or property
         | value reporting.
         | 
         | This could explain why, for instance, poor countries use
         | tariffs on goods that have no chance of building a local
         | industry.
        
           | xorcist wrote:
           | This is also why some economists like them, they're hard to
           | cheat on. Know what's even harder to cheat on and has much
           | less long term impact on the economy? Sales tax. A federal
           | sales tax would have been preferable to the import tax. But
           | there are probably other political concerns at stake here.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | They can also make sense where you largely have primary
         | industry (that is, extractive; mining and forestry and so on).
         | There's a reason that pretty much all high-tariff countries are
         | low-income developing countries; it _does_ make more sense
         | there.
        
       | browningstreet wrote:
       | I unfollowed Marginal Revolution when Tyler joined The Free Press
       | this week. I'd already been pretty skeptical about the content on
       | MR because there was very little rigor in the discourse and there
       | are, apparently, no limits or constraints to what economists
       | think they're qualified to comment on, particularly when
       | economics isn't even invoked in the discussion.
       | 
       | I don't go to my doctor for a discussion on urban planning. And
       | if I do.. not at their medical office.
       | 
       | It's a blog. Not a practice of economics, this one article
       | notwithstanding.
       | 
       | And it isn't even by Cowen.
       | 
       | EDIT: The comment section on MR is pretty awful too.
        
         | simonsarris wrote:
         | Alex Tabarrok has co-authored Marginal Revolution with Tyler
         | Cowen for a decade.
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | Alex is a better straight up libertarian-ish guy. Tyler has
           | been on this "but ... what if this CONTRARIAN thing....?" for
           | a long time and I am done with it. I may not agree with Alex
           | on this that or the other thing, but it doesn't feel like
           | he's trying to show off how clever he is all the time.
        
         | arthurofbabylon wrote:
         | I bet doctors have many compelling thoughts about urban
         | planning. If they were enthusiastic, I'd curiously listen to
         | what they have to say.
         | 
         | (It is the intersection between domains where wisdom and
         | innovation shine.)
        
           | browningstreet wrote:
           | Sure, but that wasn't the essence of my take. Everyone can
           | have opinions on things, but if the doctor said, "As a
           | doctor..." and then just talked about urban planning, I'd be
           | suspect. "As a human..." would be different.
        
         | throwoutway wrote:
         | We need a cross-cutting examination of how bad 'economics' is
         | as a science, outside of a narrow defined set of measurable
         | parameters
        
           | fullshark wrote:
           | https://aeon.co/essays/how-economists-rode-maths-to-
           | become-o... (4 April 2016)
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | Economics is a great way of looking at the world as long as
           | you acknowledge its limitations. I think you're conflating
           | _an economist_ with economics. Economists are human with all
           | that entails.
        
           | ReflectedImage wrote:
           | Absolutely terrible.
           | 
           | The foundations of economics are built on school boy style
           | maths errors.
           | 
           | They have famous "paradoxes" and results that are just bad
           | maths.
           | 
           | It's a ridiculous joke of a research field.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | If you're going to dismiss an entire field, you could at
             | least point to specifics that are widely held tenants.
        
         | cmurf wrote:
         | And then there's this idiot talking about screws in iPhones. Is
         | this even how iPhones are built? Piles of hidden screws?
         | 
         | https://bsky.app/profile/atrupar.com/post/3lm5p4tdc6a2c
         | 
         | So many screws that we should have human American workers
         | installing screws in iPhones? And this is how we make American
         | workers wealthier?
         | 
         | They think we're stupid or they want us to be stupid. This
         | isn't an economic policy. It's a way to reward fealty and
         | punish disloyalty, to a specific person.
        
           | cavisne wrote:
           | "that kind of thing is going to come to America... and be
           | automated". Pretty disingenuous cut on the quote there by the
           | bluesky post.
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | I'm not gonna tell you Lutnick is _smart_ , but did you watch
           | the clip or just read Rupar's quote? He's clearly saying that
           | electronics manufacturers are leaning on low-wage foreign
           | labor as a crutch to avoid the cost of investing in more
           | innovative automated assembly strategies.
        
         | kashunstva wrote:
         | > particularly when economics isn't even invoked in the
         | discussion...
         | 
         | I think the Professor Cowen fancies himself in the way of the
         | "public intellectual," so that he takes the liberty to write on
         | a range of topics outside the domain of his academic focus. He
         | does seem extraordinarily well-read; and in many topics he
         | writes about, I have no way of judging his contribution to
         | those fields. While I occasionally read MR, it strikes me as
         | quite technocratic in the way that most libertarian writing is;
         | and this sort of socioeconomic analysis detached from human
         | values of empathy and concern for the wellbeing of the
         | collective isn't appealing to me personally. But I'm sure it
         | fills an important niche.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | He is part of the Koch network:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercatus_Center
           | 
           | Their money is probably a large reason his content gets well
           | promoted.
           | 
           | The Kochs got into politics in the 1980s because of a series
           | of fights with the EPA whom they thought were getting in the
           | way of their chemical company's right to pollute. If you've
           | ever heard a morality play written about hairdresser
           | licensing and why it means Regulation is Bad - that was them,
           | and it leaks on to hacker news sometimes. E.g.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42982578
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31765644
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31382755
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18798111
           | 
           | They also really like using their money to bludgeon American
           | economics departments into teaching economics the way they
           | "like" it: http://bridgeproject.com/research/koch-impacts-
           | florida/koch-...
        
       | mjevans wrote:
       | Any additional cost on top of the 'natural' costs involved with
       | producing a result raises prices.
       | 
       | Additional costs that direct resources to a government are a form
       | of a tax, this includes direct taxes at the point of sale, and it
       | should also include taxes incurred for traversing an arbitrary
       | interface (tariff or toll).
       | 
       | Any form of tax on goods / services proportionately effects those
       | who spend more of their income on those goods / services more.
       | Tariffs on not-luxury goods are regressive taxes on the poor and
       | middle class.
        
         | fire_lake wrote:
         | This is too simple. Prices float somewhere between cost to
         | produce and value to consumers.
         | 
         | You can't raise prices beyond value or no one will buy it.
         | 
         | You can't lower prices below costs (for too long) or you go out
         | of business.
         | 
         | Competition pushes prices down towards costs.
         | 
         | Therefore businesses are always looking for markets with
         | barriers so they can rise prices to value.
         | 
         | Tariffs typically raise costs for all producers, but this only
         | _inevitably_ leads to price increases when competition has
         | driven prices down to near costs.
         | 
         | Unfortunately many staple grocery products fall into this
         | category.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | > You can't raise prices beyond value or no one will buy it.
           | 
           | Arguably, that's precisely the aim of some of these tariffs.
           | Price the foreign imports out of the market
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | Which could work if there were domestic alternatives or the
             | capacity to produce domestic alternatives. The US lacks the
             | apparel manufacturing capacity to takeover from the
             | countries being hit with the current very high tariffs. We
             | also lack the environmental factors to take over growing
             | (ignoring the years needed to get started) coffee and
             | vanilla and many other agricultural products.
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | But isn't value subject to drift (inflation) and couldn't we
           | inevitably expect such drift while raising costs across the
           | board?
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | Value and price aren't the same thing. Inflation is a
             | change in price, not necessarily a change in value of the
             | things being purchased. This is why when you examine how
             | much something has changed in price you should compare real
             | versus nominal changes.
             | 
             | If you bought your home for $100k in 2000 and sold it today
             | for about $185k, you would be selling it for the same real
             | amount despite the nominal change in price. Its value has
             | not changed in real terms. If you sold the home for $300k,
             | that would exceed the increase from inflation alone and
             | indicate an increase in value (either improvements you've
             | made, the local area has become more desirable, or
             | reflecting scarcity of homes in general).
             | 
             | Or look at your own salary. If your salary is just keeping
             | up with inflation, your employer does not see any increase
             | in value from you over the years. If your salary is
             | dropping relative to inflation, you are, arguably, losing
             | value. If your salary increases faster than inflation,
             | you're increasing in value. (Of course there can also be a
             | lag, the 8% inflation in 2022 may result in depressed
             | salaries for 1-2 years before they catch up. Watch the
             | trend over a longer period of time.)
        
           | xvedejas wrote:
           | The supply and demand curves are not straight lines. There is
           | not one unit price that consumers value a good at, that's why
           | the marginal price that a consumer will pay depends on the
           | quantity produced. The first most eager buyers would pay a
           | higher price than the rest of the buyers you can find at
           | higher quantities produced (but a lower price).
           | 
           | Tariffs eat into consumer surplus and producer surplus not
           | just by raising prices, but also thereby reducing quantity. I
           | think the only times you'd see no effect on consumer surplus
           | via a tax are when the consumers are always going to pay a
           | fixed amount regardless of quantity they can get (perhaps in
           | some budget-constrained scenario), or if the amount of the
           | thing that can be produced is fixed regardless of price;
           | neither of these scenarios describes consumer goods.
        
           | eek2121 wrote:
           | Your argument assumes there is meaningful competition to
           | begin with.
           | 
           | In the case of groceries, a few big companies ultimately
           | control nearly all of it. They know you "need" groceries, so
           | they will happily pass along the increased cost. What are you
           | going to do, stop buying food?
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | Well, also, in the case of groceries, margins are typically
             | very low, due to competition. Large supermarket chains tend
             | to have profit margins in the low single digits; over 5%
             | would be unusual. There's just very little room to absorb
             | cost increases without raising price.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | Obviously it's a tax increase on working people to fund even
         | more tax cuts for the already insanely wealthy, allowing them
         | to buy up even more assets.
         | 
         | Even if you have a $10m portfolio you'll be next, once they've
         | drained the $100k and $1m lot.
        
           | jrs235 wrote:
           | And folks who argue the situation harms the billionaires
           | typically are thinking about it in dollar valuations as
           | opposed to percentage of all wealth owned. If their
           | portfolios shrink on paper to be only worth a tenth as much
           | tomorrow (but everything dropped that same paper value
           | amount) but their purchasing power goes up and are able to
           | buy a larger percentage of all wealth, they are coming out
           | ahead. As #47 said, only the weak (poor) will fail...
        
           | deanmoriarty wrote:
           | > Even if you have a $10m portfolio you'll be next, once
           | they've drained the $100k and $1m lot.
           | 
           | What does this mean, in practical examples? Just trying to
           | understand your point.
        
         | fatherzine wrote:
         | First, prices per se are irrelevant. The ratio of labor price
         | to goods&services price is relevant.
         | 
         | Second, the labor / goods&services price ratio itself is
         | irrelevant, as measured in the short term. What is relevant is
         | the long term outlook of this ratio. See eg the Dutch Disease.
         | 
         | Third, even the long term labor / goods&services price ratio is
         | irrelevant. Not everything in this world is, or should be,
         | reducible to simplistic financial value.
         | 
         | One way to approach the underlying intuition is in terms of
         | homeostasis, at nation state level.
        
           | wholinator2 wrote:
           | I'm confused, are you asking we close our eyes and only
           | operate on internal bias? Where does the world matter if no
           | single metric is relevant? Regardless of number metrics, what
           | do you think matters? I think a family that can no longer
           | afford a laptop for their child's education matters. I think
           | 10,000 or 100,000 such families matter a lot. How do we tell
           | that story? What options have we but the numbers?
        
             | fatherzine wrote:
             | Long term median purchasing power, especially of essentials
             | eg housing / food / energy / education, matters more to the
             | health of a nation than the price of hitech on open global
             | markets at a specific time instant. Furthermore, while the
             | health and wealth of a nation are correlated, they are not
             | the same. I wonder if there is a sensible way to prioritize
             | health over wealth.
        
       | neilwilson wrote:
       | And the exchange rate is mentioned precisely zero times in that
       | article, as is the current unused and underused labour in the
       | economy. Instead it drops straight onto land which we can't make
       | any more of.
       | 
       | Do it again with a factory that puts on a double shift with the
       | unemployed and see what happens.
       | 
       | Do it again with the Chinese sovereign wealth funds, the likely
       | source of mercantile intervention, offering 14 CNY per USD rather
       | than the current 7.
       | 
       | It's unlikely that any production will move. What's more likely
       | to change is the quantity and location of financial savings. The
       | distributional impact of that change is probably unknown.
        
         | jillyboel wrote:
         | lmao you think this is going to make the USD worth _more_? What
         | are you smoking and can I have some?
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | https://www.reuters.com/markets/what-direction-will-trade-
           | wa...
           | 
           | > Beijing has previously said it won't go down the FX
           | depreciation road, preferring to keep the yuan relatively
           | "stable". But that was before Trump's self-styled "Liberation
           | Day". Beijing's first response might be to try and negotiate
           | with Washington to get the tariffs lowered. But if that
           | fails, FX devaluation becomes a real option to offset the
           | shock.
           | 
           | They didn't take the negotiation route. We'll see what's
           | next.
        
           | leereeves wrote:
           | Nations that sell products in the US have often sought to
           | made their currency worth less vs the dollar, so their
           | products are cheaper here. They might well do it again.
        
             | kowabungalow wrote:
             | The US will probably keep adjusting its tariffs to make
             | sure it is the supposed cheat, so a better move is to give
             | it as little real value as possible for your quota.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | >...the current unused and underused labour in the economy.
         | 
         | Chamber of commerce says:
         | 
         | >Understanding America's Labor Shortage
         | 
         | >We hear every day from our member companies--of every size and
         | industry, across nearly every state--that they're facing
         | unprecedented challenges trying to find enough workers to fill
         | open jobs. Right now, the latest data shows that we have 8
         | million job openings in the U.S. but only 6.8 million
         | unemployed workers.
         | https://www.uschamber.com/workforce/understanding-americas-l...
         | 
         | which doesn't look that promising.
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | It is fascinating how the positions of the two major U.S.
       | political parties have flipped on tariffs. Democrats, who
       | historically supported protectionist trade measures, now oppose
       | tariffs, while Republicans--once champions of free trade--have
       | embraced them. Yes, party platforms evolve, but this kind of
       | sudden reversal is still remarkable.
       | 
       | What's even more bizarre is the mental gymnastics on both sides.
       | Some argue that tariffs somehow benefit CEOs and the wealthy,
       | even though stock market reactions consistently show that tariffs
       | hurt corporate profits. Others on the right now frame tariffs as
       | a fundamentally "Republican" principle, despite decades of GOP
       | support for free markets and globalization.
       | 
       | Here's my prediction: many CEOs and wealthy individuals will
       | gravitate toward the Democratic Party. Why? Because tariffs
       | reduce profits, and Trump's policies seem designed to benefit a
       | narrow segment of the rich rather than the broader business
       | class. Over the next 8 to 16 years, we may see the GOP fully
       | reposition as the party of the working class, while Democrats
       | become the party of the affluent elite.
       | 
       | Personally, I've always favored genuine free trade, which is why
       | I've leaned Republican. But now, I'm not so sure. I used to argue
       | with my liberal friends that tariffs are essentially a regressive
       | tax--they raise prices for everyone, especially hurting lower-
       | income consumers. The counterargument, of course, is that tariffs
       | could incentivize companies to bring production back to the U.S.
       | 
       | But let's be honest: that's not happening. Tariffs raise prices,
       | but they don't magically bring manufacturing back home. From my
       | conservative perspective, companies should have the flexibility
       | to offshore production--especially if they face pressure from
       | unions or rising domestic costs.
        
         | jagger27 wrote:
         | > From my conservative perspective, companies should have the
         | flexibility to offshore production
         | 
         | This is a very (neo)liberal viewpoint. It's economic
         | liberalism. There's nothing "conservative" about it at all.
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | The corn laws were interesting. They were tarrifs on food
           | imports, supported by the land owners.
           | 
           | > the repeal of the Corn Laws benefitted the bottom 90% of
           | income earners in the United Kingdom economically, while
           | causing income losses for the top 10% of income earners.
           | 
           | Obviously it's not hard to see why the wealthiest like
           | tarrifs.
        
           | Aloisius wrote:
           | American conservatives, until recently, espoused economic
           | liberalism.
           | 
           | It is considered "conservative" because it has been the
           | status quo for a rather long period, and they advocated
           | conserving it.
        
         | dguest wrote:
         | Here's a simple explanation for what is going on in the US. I'd
         | love to know if people think this is sufficient.
         | 
         | There are two types of taxes:
         | 
         | - Domestic taxes are levied by congress
         | 
         | - International tariffs are controlled by one person (the
         | president)
         | 
         | So if the president wants to control people via taxes, they use
         | tariffs. By this theory it has nothing at all to do with
         | financial policies or political parties: it's just another tool
         | we've given the president and we shouldn't be surprised if it
         | gets used. By the same theory, if the president had full
         | control over domestic taxes we'd see exactly the same thing.
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | Tariffs were supposed to be approved by the Senate (Article 1
           | section 8, Article 2 section 2), but Trump is using
           | "emergency powers"
           | 
           | With so much of American goods coming from China, it's kind
           | of hard to see how the US could win a war with them without,
           | for example, improved domestic production of bandages
           | 
           | https://natlawreview.com/article/can-president-impose-
           | tariff...
           | 
           | https://www.globaltrademag.com/adhesive-bandage-import-in-
           | un...
        
             | dguest wrote:
             | Very interesting, thanks!
             | 
             | So the "emergency" is a possible war with China? But how
             | does that justify taxing (for example) Canada, or Mexico
             | (or Lesotho)?
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | He declares different "emergencies". Tarifs on Canada and
               | Mexico used a fentanyl emergency. Now he has declared the
               | trade deficit an emergency.
               | 
               | "Today, President Donald J. Trump declared that foreign
               | trade and economic practices have created a national
               | emergency"
               | 
               | https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-
               | sheet-pr...
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The emergency is "I wanna".
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | > But let's be honest: that's not happening. Tariffs raise
         | prices, but they don't magically bring manufacturing back home.
         | From my conservative perspective, companies should have the
         | flexibility to offshore production--especially if they face
         | pressure from unions or rising domestic costs.
         | 
         | I mean... in theory they would if the numbers work out i.e. if
         | tariffs offset the additional labor/regulatory costs. The
         | problem is they are hard to trust to stick around long enough
         | for the capex to pay off.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > Democrats, who historically supported protectionist trade
         | measures, now oppose tariffs...
         | 
         |  _Targeted_ tarrifs. Not blanket ones on the entire planet
         | (including, you know, the uninhabited island full of penguins).
         | Hell, Biden kept some of Trump 's.
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | Maybe I missed it, but your not seeing a lot of Bernie/AOC
           | push-back on these tariffs. While I am sure that hate the way
           | Trump goes about implementing these tariffs they don't seem
           | opposed, to even large, tariffs on principle.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | You absolutely missed it.
             | 
             | AOC: https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5108287-donald-
             | trump-alex...
             | 
             | > "To 'punish' Colombia, Trump is about to make every
             | American pay even more for coffee," the New York Democrat
             | said on the social platform X. "Remember: _WE_ pay the
             | tariffs, not Colombia," she added. "Trump is all about
             | making inflation WORSE for working class Americans, not
             | better. He's lining the pockets of himself and the
             | billionaire class."
             | 
             | Bernie: https://x.com/SenSanders/status/1908221908954263821
             | 
             | > Our trade policies should benefit American workers, not
             | just corporate CEOs. That includes targeted tariffs to stop
             | corporations from outsourcing American jobs & factories. We
             | do not need a blanket, arbitrary sales tax that will raise
             | prices on products that Americans need.
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Thanks for the links. I don't think there is as much
               | daylight between Bernie's targeted tariffs and Trump's
               | blanket then negotiate exceptions tariffs though. I guess
               | we will see. Or Congress could decide it wants to do its
               | job again and stops delegating its authority to the
               | Executive.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > I don't think there is as much daylight between
               | Bernie's targeted tariffs and Trump's blanket then
               | negotiate exceptions tariffs though.
               | 
               | The fact that you thought Bernie and AOC were quietly
               | supportive of his tarrifs perhaps indicates the value of
               | this opinion.
               | 
               | Tarrif rates have been steadily dropping to near-zero,
               | since the 1930s, under both political parties. We're now
               | returning to a rate not reached in over a century.
               | https://www.statista.com/chart/34236/average-effective-
               | tarif...
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | Sorry I insulted your heros. Bernie is for tariffs in his
               | own words. AOCs comment was from months ago. Grow up with
               | your childish insults.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > Bernie is for tariffs in his own words.
               | 
               | If you read only half of them, sure. I'm for jailing
               | _some_ people, but if you say you're gonna jail
               | _everyone_ we disagree, yes?
               | 
               | > AOCs comment was from months ago.
               | 
               | Thats during Trump's current and second term, during
               | which he promised these tariffs as a campaign issue.
               | Pretending her comments aren't related is getting a bit
               | desperate now.
        
         | ljhsiung wrote:
         | If you favor genuine free trade, how do you view the
         | protectionist measures that Reagan put on Japanese car imports
         | in the 80s?
        
           | tlogan wrote:
           | I disagree with that measure -- that was a sell out in order
           | to get votes in Detroit.
           | 
           | That said, it's true that a selective reading of his
           | statements and legislative actions could be used to support
           | almost any position.
           | 
           | But here's something worth considering from a broader policy
           | perspective:
           | 
           | Ronald Reagan cited three prominent 19th-century champions of
           | free trade as his heroes: Richard Cobden and John Bright,
           | founders of England's Anti-Corn Law League, and Frederic
           | Bastiat, a renowned French economic writer. Reagan
           | specifically praised Cobden and Bright for their efforts to
           | eliminate tariffs on imported grain in the 1840s.
           | 
           | Throughout his presidency, Reagan consistently expressed
           | support for free trade. In his July 1981 "Statement on U.S.
           | Trade Policy," he pledged to reduce government-imposed
           | barriers on international trade and investment.
           | 
           | One of his strongest affirmations came during a January 1988
           | speech in Cleveland, where he framed America's trade deficit
           | as a sign of economic strength. On several occasions--often
           | in response to protectionist moves by congressional Democrats
           | --Reagan reiterated his free-trade stance. For instance, he
           | vowed to veto the House trade bill if it included a
           | restrictive amendment sponsored by Representative Richard
           | Gephardt (D-Mo.).
        
         | vitus wrote:
         | > Democrats, who historically supported protectionist trade
         | measures, now oppose tariffs
         | 
         | Can you provide a source for this one? On the front of free
         | trade, NAFTA comes to mind where there was some support and
         | some oppositions within both parties. And of course there was
         | TPP which Obama was championing (to no avail -- every major
         | presidential candidate in 2016 opposed it).
         | 
         | Is this a reference to the chicken tax during the LBJ era?
         | Nixon had also placed a 10% global tariff on all dutiable
         | imports when we got off the gold standard, so I don't see it as
         | being obviously a single-party issue.
         | 
         | And of course, Smoot-Hawley was a heavily partisan bill
         | championed by the Republican side of the house. The Republican
         | fascination with tariffs goes all the way back to at least 1861
         | with the Morill Tariff (and even further back if you consider
         | their predecessors in the Whig party).
        
           | tlogan wrote:
           | Honestly, I was under impression Democrats were for tariffs
           | :-) I guess I was unnecessarily worried that Democrats love
           | tariffs. It is the other way around now.
           | 
           | I do remember this speech by Bernie Sanders:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzpmhBEA9Ok
        
         | dgacmu wrote:
         | I don't think many Democrats have been arguing for blanket
         | tariffs for some time. It kind of seemed like there was a
         | bipartisan consensus for the use of some combination of tariffs
         | and stimulus to ensure there was domestic manufacturing
         | capability for critical industries... at least until trump.
         | Nobody in their right mind has been calling for a return to
         | domestic t-shirt manufacturing, but there are national security
         | and competitiveness reasons to think about semiconductors. And
         | that's what the chips act did, and at 64-33 that's about as
         | bipartisan as things get these days.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | _> Yes, party platforms evolve, but this kind of sudden
         | reversal is still remarkable._
         | 
         | I don't think there's been a Democratic platform that's
         | advocated increasing tariffs or trade barriers in living
         | memory.
         | 
         | Most have outright called for free trade, though in recent
         | years also "fair" trade which meant trying to push for worker
         | protection/environmental/etc laws and end foreign subsidies and
         | barriers onto other countries to level the playing field rather
         | than increasing trade barriers.
         | 
         | There is a more protectionist wing of the Democratic party that
         | has advocated for increasing trade barriers (or in some cases,
         | ceasing trading altogether), but despite sometimes being quite
         | loud, they've never had a majority.
         | 
         | It was the American left that were anti-globalization, like
         | with the protests WTO conference in 1999. Their flip has
         | been... weird.
        
       | readthenotes1 wrote:
       | If tariffs are so bad, why do most countries have them? Why would
       | reciprocality be discouraged if they're not (tho that's not what
       | Trump ended up doing)?
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | > _If tariffs are so bad, why do most countries have them?_
         | 
         | The average global tariff rate is 2.6%:
         | 
         | *
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tariff_ra...
         | 
         | Most countries have an average / mean tariff rate of <10% per
         | the World Bank and WTO. Further, most countries probably have
         | zero tariffs on most products, with higher ones for specific
         | reasons:
         | 
         | * https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/when-are-tariffs-good
         | 
         | Tariffs have been falling for decades:
         | 
         | * https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/03/22/u-s-
         | tarif...
        
           | readthenotes1 wrote:
           | The wiki link is kinda interesting. The first column is
           | irrelevant, the last column exempts food and energy and still
           | raises the question (based on the first column) of what the
           | actual trade would be if there were no tariffs.
           | 
           | Certainly for the first column it may be true that if the
           | tariffs are so high on some products that there are going to
           | be no imports and the "weighted actual" will be close to 0.
           | 
           | I'm not going to the last column since it ignores two
           | important categories.
        
         | eximius wrote:
         | Tariffs make things less globally economically efficient.
         | Sometimes that is the goal for specific industries. Economic
         | efficiency is not the ultimate goal.
         | 
         | But no other country has blanket tariffs on so many other
         | countries.
        
         | davidw wrote:
         | Most countries have some small tariffs on this that or the
         | other thing. Not massive tariffs on a huge range of goods.
         | 
         | A bit of salt on your steak might be good, but if you emptied
         | the entire salt shaker on it, it would be gross.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Remember when this administration says another country has put
         | a "tariff" on the US what they mean is there is a negative
         | trade balance with that country (as pretty much there must be
         | with the USD being the currency of choice).
         | 
         | They then decide based on trade balance to enact an actual,
         | unilateral tariff.
        
         | kgwgk wrote:
         | > If tariffs are so bad, why do most countries have them?
         | 
         | Do they?
         | 
         | https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TM.TAX.MRCH.WM.AR.ZS
         | 
         | I guess Trump wants to convert the US into a Central African
         | country - a transoceanic banana Republic.
        
         | energy123 wrote:
         | Because they have local industry interest groups that control
         | their politicians which screws over their own country. They'd
         | mostly be better off without those tariffs.
         | 
         | Here's a hot tip: if you see a country like North Korea, don't
         | ask why they're doing what they're doing on the assumption that
         | it's good. Move in the opposite direction.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Tariffs aren't necessarily bad. They can be a pretty effective
         | tool to support local industries, or otherwise discourage
         | imports. Or as a retalitory tool to negotiate with.
         | 
         | But blanket tariffs against the whole world seems unhinged.
         | Many of the products and materials we import have no domestic
         | sources or limited domestic sourced that are not expandable.
         | The us won't be able to grow domestic coffee to meet the
         | domestic demand. Tariffing coffee import is just going to make
         | morning routines slightly more expensive for many americans.
         | 
         | There was a lot less pushback for specific industry tariffs or
         | specific country tariffs during the last Trump administration.
         | Steel tariffs and the trade war with China weren't necessarily
         | liked by all, especially in the specifics, but tariff all the
         | imports is terrible.
        
       | munchler wrote:
       | > Expanding production without increasing costs is difficult
       | 
       | What about economies of scale, though? If you can triple
       | production while only doubling your cost, the unit price should
       | drop.
        
         | cbg0 wrote:
         | Only if there's competition.
        
         | logankeenan wrote:
         | I believe they are referring to marginal costs. Yes, with
         | economies of scale can become cheaper to produce, but they
         | still require capital to reach that scale.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost
        
         | jabl wrote:
         | If anything, economies of scale are a powerful argument for
         | free trade.
         | 
         | Say, we can have a single company in Taiwan running insanely
         | capital intensive chip factories making chips for the entire
         | world.
         | 
         | One downside of this being resiliency; what happens to the
         | global electronics supply chain if China one day decides to
         | invade Taiwan? Something not taken into account in typical
         | economic models.
         | 
         | For similar reasons developed countries still try to have
         | things like domestic agriculture, despite that being a low
         | value add industry where poorer countries might have a large
         | comparative advantage in a hypothetical free trade scenario.
        
       | quantum_state wrote:
       | The people who voted for Trump need to think again ... they will
       | end up being the suckers of all of the Trump policies...
        
         | Herring wrote:
         | The racism overrides everything with these people. The red
         | states have had the worst outcomes for generations but they
         | still vote Republican like lemmings solely because of it. Trump
         | just has to mention "trans" and they switch off their brains.
        
           | badc0ffee wrote:
           | They switch off their brains?
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | See: How Tribalism Overrules Reason, and Makes Risky Times
             | More Dangerous
             | 
             | https://bigthink.com/articles/how-tribalism-overrules-
             | reason...
        
           | Cornbilly wrote:
           | It's just anti-intellectualism and fear across the board. And
           | that's been the GOP MO for a long time now.
           | 
           | Convince people that the colleges are full of crazy liberals
           | and you should go into the trades instead.
           | 
           | Now that you're in the trades, don't join a union. Unions are
           | bad (unless it's the police union).
           | 
           | Don't look now but the Mexicans are coming for your job. The
           | trans/gay people are coming for your children. Nevermind that
           | the GOP is openly corrupt and has a pervert in the White
           | House.
           | 
           | Think back to the aftermath of 9/11 and the Bush Admin's
           | constant fear campaign that successfully pushed the US into
           | two wars.
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | If you're not being targeted, like from a distance, it
             | looks like "anti-intellectualism and fear". He's just
             | running "distractions", or "scapegoating" Mexicans or
             | something. It's easy to minimize it. Up close though, if
             | you're the one actually being targeted, there's a bit more
             | urgency. It's more like an abusive/controlling
             | relationship. How many lives were destroyed or otherwise
             | ruined by Bush's useless wars in the Middle East?
             | 
             | Now imagine if Bush had instead built out a massive train
             | network, like China did with close to the same amount of
             | money.
        
       | mindslight wrote:
       | "Why Do Prices Rise with a National Sales Tax?"
       | 
       | This post is assuming that a sizeable domestic industry _still
       | exists_ , and also that demand is relatively elastic. This is
       | sensible for wine and maybe sugar, but not for the myriad of
       | equipment and supplies it would actually take to create new
       | factories. If the goal is to paralyze and destroy the country,
       | the high import taxes that Trump is pushing are a great way. That
       | people continue to "4D chess" this buffoon "for the cause"
       | continues to astound me.
        
       | TaurenHunter wrote:
       | Like so many other articles about this, it just scratches the
       | surface and ignores completely that:
       | 
       | 1) tariffs are a negotiation tool
       | 
       | 2) one goal is to devalue the dollar so to encourage
       | manufacturing/production in the US (learn what happened after the
       | Plaza Accord)
       | 
       | 3) another goal is to have allies (European countries) to
       | contribute more to the collective defense
       | 
       | 4) exclude hostile powers (such as China) and prevent them from
       | abusing the free(er) economic sphere
       | 
       | Of course there are risks to that strategy:
       | 
       | 1) tariffs are inflationary
       | 
       | 2) central banks selling their US Treasuries to devalue the
       | dollar would push up US interest rates
       | 
       | 3) the dollar devaluation itself is inflationary
       | 
       | 4) retaliatory tariffs
       | 
       | There are other policies to mitigate those risks. But the rabbit
       | hole is already too deep and too many are not interested in
       | learning but just yell that Trump sucks and vandalize
       | Cybertrucks.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | I thought you were making a point but then your last sentence
         | kind of shuttered everything that preceded.
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | It ignores your points completely because they aren't true. The
         | White House has explicitly, consistently, and in great detail
         | said that the tariffs are not a negotiation tactic but a
         | targeted measure aiming to reduce bilateral trade deficits. The
         | idea that the tariffs are really about something else or might
         | be removed in return for something else is, as far as I can
         | tell, invented from whole cloth by cross-pressured Trump
         | supporters who believe strongly in free trade but can't admit
         | they don't support one of his policies.
        
         | hiq wrote:
         | I'd accept the negotiation angle if the tariffs had been only
         | threats with clear demands to avoid them. Trump could have
         | demanded that your 3) be fulfilled by June, otherwise tariffs
         | would apply. Instead we get tariffs with quick retaliation e.g.
         | from China, and I still see no negotiation in place.
         | 
         | The problem in general is that we are all, the US Congress
         | included, guessing what the goal is.
        
           | TaurenHunter wrote:
           | > The problem in general is that we are all, the US Congress
           | included, guessing what the goal is.
           | 
           | I was guessing too until I took the time to investigate and
           | found there is a method to the madness.
           | 
           | Now, did you really expect negotiation with China? Do you
           | think that was the intention? You gotta think critically
           | rather than just lazily or emotionally assume everything was
           | a failure.
        
         | jsnell wrote:
         | All of your pro-tariff points are ludicrous in the context of
         | what actually happened, and do not reflect reality.
         | 
         | This is not some negotiation tactic. We know it's not a
         | negotiation tactic, because: there are no stated goals for
         | negotiations; there has been no attempt at negotiating; it
         | would be impossible to negotiate with this many other countries
         | at the same time; each target country feels only a little pain
         | from the tariffs, US feels all of it, so US actually has the
         | least leverage in any hypothetical negotiations. If this was
         | about getting leverage for negotiations, it would be the
         | stupidest imaginable way to go about it.
         | 
         | Tariffs would also be a very peculiar way of trying to do
         | currency manipulation, because the first order effects will
         | have the opposite direction of what you suggest. Import tariffs
         | to reduce imports, which decreases the supply of the currency,
         | which means the currency will appreciate. The USD weakening in
         | response to these tariffs is more about second order effects
         | around political risk (they demonstrate that not only is the
         | leadership unstable and incompetent, but it also has near-
         | dictatorial powers with no functioning checks and balances
         | remaining). This makes US assets less appealing, especially for
         | foreigners, who seriously need to start pricing in the risk of
         | asset seizures. This leads to capital outflows, weakening the
         | currency. If you just wanted those second order effects, there
         | would be much more direct and less damaging ways of achieving
         | it.
         | 
         | Your third point is just utterly irrelevant, because the
         | tariffs do not further that goal. It's like saying that another
         | goal is to turn the moon into cheese.
         | 
         | And as for China, that explanation would have made sense if the
         | tariffs were applied only on China. But they weren't. Clearly
         | that was not the actual goal. In fact, by announcing tariffs on
         | the entire world, your leadership achieved the opposite of
         | driving the rest of the world to cooperate _more_ with China.
         | (See the accelerated talks of a free trade agreement between
         | China, Japan and Korea.)
         | 
         | And these were the _best_ talking points you could find to
         | defend the tariffs?
        
         | bigbadfeline wrote:
         | So, the goals are noble, the intentions are good, but the road
         | to hell is the only realistic one?
         | 
         | Retaliatory tariffs aren't a risk, they are the present
         | reality, see the market performance on Friday when China
         | announced them. The relative lack of exports isn't the disease,
         | it's just a symptom. Hoping to revive the American economy by
         | means of exports and "negotiations" is a pipe dream, the
         | numbers aren't there.
         | 
         | The stated policies and goals are meant to trigger and provoke,
         | just like your post. They are designed for that purpose and no
         | other. Trump may not be aware of it because he is in the
         | business of sound bites and provocations which impair thinking.
         | The real goals aren't hard to guess, they're printed on the
         | price labels.
        
           | TaurenHunter wrote:
           | Why your username shows as green?
        
             | bigbadfeline wrote:
             | Oh, because I like that color :)
        
               | TaurenHunter wrote:
               | Me too. Very nice!
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Tariffs are an additional sales tax.
       | 
       | That's it. That's all you need to do to explain this to people.
       | It's amazing to me how many have fallen for this ridiculous lie
       | that the other country somehow pays the tariff AND there will be
       | no increase in cost to the consumer.
       | 
       | I used to think these lies were cynical, like how Mexico was
       | going to pay for the border wall. But I'm not convinced now. I
       | think there's a not-insgificant chance the president doesn't know
       | this is how tariffs work. And that's terrifying. I would respect
       | a cycnical lie way more.
       | 
       | You buy $1000 in t-shirts from China. The government places a 30%
       | import duty on them. The importer pays $300 to the government.
       | Those t-shirts now cost you $1300. Whoever sells them retail will
       | be charging up to 30% extra to recoup that. It blows my mind that
       | this even requires explanation.
        
         | relaxing wrote:
         | The best explanation I've seen is that tariffs are a stick that
         | can be used to enforce compliance with other policies, and
         | selectively lifted when companies bend the knee.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | That isn't really how they're supposed to work, and in a
           | normally functioning country the state could expect to be
           | sued by the injured parties (that is, the competitors of the
           | specially favoured companies) if they tried it. Of course, in
           | 2025 the US is hardly a normally functioning country, but
           | it's also not clear that its court system is _totally_
           | compromised, and any company who went along with this would
           | certainly be taking a risk.
        
       | throwaway657656 wrote:
       | My small business produces a niche consumer electronic device.
       | Anyone watching us operate would say that our product is Made in
       | the USA. But the components of our product are sourced and pre-
       | processed all over the world and our COGS just increased
       | significantly due to tariffs.
       | 
       | We now have to raise our prices, but our Made in China
       | competitors have to increase theirs even more. That isn't a net
       | benefit for us, given the product is "nice to have" and does not
       | have an inelastic price.
       | 
       | If my sales drop by 50% and the Chinese competitors drop by 75%,
       | is that winning ? I am still in shock and denial by all this.
       | After 11 years in business, this manufactured/avoidable crisis
       | can't be what ends us.
        
         | Jtsummers wrote:
         | And it gets worse for you. That's primarily considering the US
         | market. Your Chinese competitors aren't simultaneously being
         | shut out of non-US markets (since this is a unilateral trade
         | war, not the US + allies).
         | 
         | Your US sales may drop 50% due to the change in price, and your
         | Chinese competitor's US sales may drop by 75%, but their sales
         | in other countries may not change at all. Meanwhile, your sales
         | outside the US are going to drop because not only are your
         | component costs going up driving your price up, you now face
         | tariffs when selling in every other country in the world (if
         | they choose to respond to the tariffs the US is levying on
         | their goods).
        
           | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
           | Because of how China desperately needs exports, they'll
           | almost certainly end up being tariffed by the EU, so just
           | because this started in the US doesn't mean it's gonna stay
           | there.
        
             | SvenL wrote:
             | I don't understand the argument why EU would tariff China
             | just because they need export. Can you elaborate?
        
       | yongjik wrote:
       | You'd never guess from reading HN or Reddit, but I have to remind
       | myself that not all who voted for Trump last year are MAGA.
       | 
       | My understanding is that America has a lot of low-information
       | voters. They don't watch debates. They share cat videos on
       | Facebook. They certainly never comment on HN, they don't even
       | know HN. On the election day, they think "The eggs are too damn
       | expensive!" and vote accordingly.
       | 
       | All the rhetorical offensives, counteroffensives, contortions,
       | and motivated reasonings won't reach these people, when they go
       | to the grocery and find everything getting more expensive.
       | 
       | (Some of them might even have 401K and IRA. Yeah, I know, boomer
       | stuff.)
       | 
       | We'll see.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | This is the most baffling thing about Trump's strategy to me.
         | Trump is essentially asking people to embrace pain now in
         | exchange for jam tomorrow. But there's no reason to think that
         | the American public have any intention of embracing pain! Look
         | how upset they got about eggs! This really all feels like it
         | could very easily blow up in his face.
        
       | cadamsdotcom wrote:
       | Article assumes saturated resources and finite production
       | capacity - neither of which are true when technology is added to
       | the picture. What if, for example, tariffs incentivize technology
       | development that allows hydroponic wine - making previously
       | unviable land suddenly productive?
       | 
       | Another counter-argument to the article: due to long-term
       | reliance on trading partners for goods, production has likely
       | been "turned down" for some goods/services to a point that
       | there's less opportunity cost than this article posits. For
       | example the widely-quoted stat that almost one-quarter of
       | Americans are _functionally unemployed_ suggests trade has
       | created new equilibria that leave capacity on the table.
       | Especially when considering China's well known policy of making
       | the RMB cheaper against the USD than if it were allowed to float.
       | 
       | If tariffs have the potential to drive employment up by bringing
       | latent capacity online (through investment & after a lead-time),
       | you can see how people are okay with experimenting.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-04-06 23:02 UTC)