[HN Gopher] Charging electric vehicles 5x faster in subfreezing ...
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       Charging electric vehicles 5x faster in subfreezing temps
        
       Author : gnabgib
       Score  : 37 points
       Date   : 2025-04-05 00:38 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.umich.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.umich.edu)
        
       | ajross wrote:
       | While the technology may be advantageous, it seems weird to write
       | a whole article about it without mentioning the obvious solution:
       | Just Heat The Battery. It's true that many early EVs (and most
       | non-Teslas even today) don't ship with battery thermal
       | management. But they won't be getting new battery chemistry
       | either.
       | 
       | This is one of those Great New Technology items that smells like
       | a failure simply because it's not competing with the thing the
       | designers think it is. It's not enough for this to beat a cold
       | battery with a performance delta ("5x", per the article) that
       | would justify its additional cost. It has to beat a battery with
       | a garden variety heat pump attached, which is a much (much) lower
       | cost barrier.
        
         | givinguflac wrote:
         | Heat pumps struggle to do much at the temperature range the
         | article proposes.
         | 
         | Edit: downvote me all you want, I was responding specifically
         | to "It has to beat a battery with a garden variety heat pump
         | attached" of which EV heat pumps are not garden variety heat
         | pumps, which do struggle at those temperatures. Didn't think I
         | had to be so pedantic.
        
           | Kirby64 wrote:
           | Pretty sure the ones in most EVs today work fine at -10C, but
           | they may lose some efficiency. The thing is, there's already
           | mechanisms in some cars to generate waste heat specifically
           | for this purpose. Tesla's already have the ability to run
           | their motors 'inefficiently' generating waste heat, which can
           | be pumped into the battery coolant and heat that. It's no
           | better than electric strip heating, but it doesn't add any
           | cost to the system.
           | 
           | The real benefit, in my view, to being able to charge at cold
           | temps is to improve overall efficiency. If you have to waste
           | some amount of power to heat the battery then that is power
           | that could have been used to charge the car instead...
        
             | superkuh wrote:
             | You bring up a great point. The battery spec is only given
             | at -10C. That's a mild normal day's low temperature in
             | winter in Minneapolis, USA. But it's often much colder than
             | that for long periods of time. I wonder if this glassy
             | layer they apply can handle -30C; a temp where above ground
             | heat pumps are no better than electrical resistive heating.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | The 5x delta is stated to be at 14F. That absolutely is
           | within the reasonable operating range of a Model Y heat pump,
           | not sure what you're citing?
           | 
           | It's true that there are _very_ cold environments (Fairbanks
           | winters, say) where in-car thermal management won 't be
           | sufficient to keep charging rates high. But those are the
           | same environments where you can't even _start_ a gasoline car
           | without an engine block heater, and I don 't see many "no
           | cars in Alaska" arguments on the internet. Everything has
           | limits, but I don't see this battery trickery having much of
           | a home.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | You can start gasoline cars just fine down to 20 or 30
             | below, so long as you keep a good battery in it. Sometimes
             | big diesel trucks use block heaters but gasoline cars don't
             | need them.
        
               | lstodd wrote:
               | I can definitely say that old/USSR 2.7L gasoline engines
               | for the military came with block heaters. But they were
               | expected to start in -50C / -60F. Good luck getting
               | anything out of an EV at those temperatures.
        
               | homebrewer wrote:
               | I live in a region where -40degC is not unheard of (it
               | happens every winter and stays for up to several weeks).
               | I've also been to another region (not far off) where
               | -50degC is pretty typical.
               | 
               | Gasoline powered engines work just fine in these
               | temperatures, although many cars come with auto ignition
               | systems that start up the engine periodically throughout
               | the night to keep it warm. Otherwise you might have to
               | warm it yourself in the morning using a gasoline powered
               | "torch" (or whatever it's called), which sometimes ends
               | up with the car going up in flames.
               | 
               | So it's honestly pretty funny to read that EV work "down
               | to -10degC". Although probably relatively few of us are
               | desperate enough to be living in such conditions.
        
           | Rygian wrote:
           | https://ashp.neep.org/ for a list of heat pumps that perform
           | well in cold weather.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | You don't even need a heat pump. You can just slightly overvolt
         | the charger, so that some electrical energy is lost as heat
         | rather get than transformed into chemical bonds.
         | 
         | > This is one of those Great New Technology items that smells
         | like a failure simply because it's not competing with the thing
         | the designers think it is.
         | 
         | This technology makes no sense for fast DC charging because
         | there's enough waste heat to keep up the battery temperature,
         | and you can just use some of the power to heat up the battery.
         | 
         | But it can help for slow overnight charging. Keeping battery
         | heated all night is wasteful, but you still want to be able to
         | charge.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | > It's true that many early EVs (and most non-Teslas even
         | today) don't ship with battery thermal management.
         | 
         | That's false since at latest 2013 in the US.
         | 
         | The past 12 years of BMW as a counterexample all have thermal
         | management. Tesla too.
         | 
         | You may be remembering the original Nissan Leaf?
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | Almost all non-Tesla EVs offer a heat pump option. Most non-
           | Tesla EVs sold do not have one. Just go to your local VW
           | dealer or whatever and see what the specs are on the ID.4's
           | on the lot is.
        
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       (page generated 2025-04-06 23:00 UTC)