[HN Gopher] How Servo Motors Work
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       How Servo Motors Work
        
       Author : kaycebasques
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2025-04-03 19:18 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.jameco.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.jameco.com)
        
       | dcrazy wrote:
       | I've noticed that distributors (Jameco, Mouser, etc) have a
       | surprising number of introductory education articles. I've seen
       | this pattern on websites for car dealerships and HVAC installers,
       | so I assumed it was for SEO purposes. But electronic parts
       | distribution seems like a much more niche audience; why bother
       | with SEO?
        
         | sokka_h2otribe wrote:
         | Some may be application notes from the manufacturers.
         | 
         | Jameco also supplies mid level engineering firms, so similar to
         | application notes. Think automation integration company buying
         | xyz specialty robotics controller.
         | 
         | I think of mouser as more like digikey, so I don't really know
         | why they would have similar educational information above the
         | level of PCB board component. But, they may also have business
         | in the low-quantity higher margin business.
         | 
         | Tldr: not seo. Customers actually need to know about the
         | product
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | Exactly, as one of their target audience I'm not searching
           | for them, I know who they are. I go to their website
           | regularly and articles like these are how I find out about
           | new stuff and how to use it.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I think it's just a tradition in the electronics world to write
         | and publish hobby and educational articles. It dates back to
         | well before the the Internet. People enjoy this interaction,
         | and the distributors give them space for it.
         | 
         | People like HVAC installers -- I've seen most of that on
         | YouTube, where there's a chance of monetizing the content. I've
         | repaired nearly every appliance in my house, thanks to blogs
         | and videos posted by strangers.
        
           | dcrazy wrote:
           | Indeed. Vancouver Carpenter got me through a minor drywall
           | repair job.
        
             | larrywright wrote:
             | He's fantastic. I still suck at drywall work, but I suck
             | way less after watching a bunch of his videos.
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | It brings you to their site as well as advertises a specific
         | component or range of components from a manufacturer.
         | 
         | The Digikey articles I've come across are well written. This
         | article however is artificially inflated using SEO style
         | writing. I mean after they supposedly explained servo motors
         | you'll find this ugly sentence further down: "Still, how does a
         | servo motor work?" I mean holy shit man, do you even care about
         | your writing or the subject? Likely not. And really, the
         | article is so light on details its barely technical and only
         | talks about the RC servo. This is pretty much junk.
        
         | hydrogen7800 wrote:
         | This reminds me that Monoprice used to have a "knowledge base"
         | for many of their products. I don't remember if they were just
         | written directly on an item's page, or if there was a link to
         | the relevant article, but it was very informative.
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | Is it this? I didn't know about it until your post.
           | 
           | https://help.matterhackers.com
        
         | cbhl wrote:
         | If I recall correctly these pages are useful for teachers and
         | students, and Jameco has relatively high-touch education sales
         | (for example, their kitting program:
         | https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/workshop/education-
         | center/educ...).
         | 
         | I want to say that I remember seeing this page in high school
         | in the late 00s, although the Internet Archive only seems to go
         | back to 2012 for this exact URL.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Electronics distributors have published educational material
         | for decades. Knowing how something works and how to choose the
         | best option reduces their support burden and itself a form of
         | marketing.
         | 
         | Omega Engineering used to (still does?) publish a set of
         | absolutely massive hardcover catalogs on sensors and industrial
         | controls that contained detailed tutorials and theory of
         | operation. In some cases, they published entire books devoted
         | to teaching you how stuff worked. Their Temperature Sensors
         | Handbook always had a place on my bookshelf for many years.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | I tried using a hobby servo but it was very loud with a high
       | pitched annoying sound. What servos are better?
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | How does it hold its position? Does that take energy?
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Only if there's some force pushing it away from the goal
         | position.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I don't think servos normally do this, but it's possible to
         | have self-locking worm drives.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | It's about how radio control toy servos from the 1970s work.
       | Annoyingly, those pre-computer dumb devices with no feedback
       | output still dominate the low end of mechanical output devices.
        
         | namibj wrote:
         | Makes me wonder if the generic servos of the described kind are
         | really close enough to the performance a cheap-class servo can
         | have, or if modern advances in monolithic power stage ICs could
         | allow a servo free of sliding movement (no brushes, no wiper
         | potentiometer (maybe a capacitively coupled differential
         | sensing of angle, or the tricks of the cheap digital calipers
         | with their iirc nonius-like scale read through several parallel
         | tracks of non-touching capacitive electrodes?), instead just a
         | clever chip digitally controlling a brushless electric machine
         | using the feedback sensing available to it).
         | 
         | Being able to run an even just very simple digital controller
         | allows things like severely dropping negative feedback gain at
         | a resonance frequency of the larger system. And so much more.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | The nice thing about using a potentiometer for position
           | sensing is that you don't have to home the thing.
           | 
           | There are lots of alternative sensors, but most are bigger,
           | heavier, or more expensive. If 1% precision is good enough,
           | pots are fine. The next step up is Dynamixel servos, which
           | have a nice daisy-chain digital interface, encoders, about
           | the same form factor as toy-type servos, at about 10x the
           | price.[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.robotis.us/dynamixel/
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Yeah, but they're _cheap_ and basically trivial to use. Cheap
         | enough and trivial enough that they can replace solenoids in a
         | lot of use cases.
         | 
         | One of my most amusing applications was the client who put an
         | R/C servo on the choke cable of a carbureted generator motor
         | instead of spending more money to buy the fuel-injected
         | version. Servo cost about $5 and we were already measuring air
         | temperature and had a PWM output available.
        
       | mkarliner wrote:
       | hmm. this looks suspiciously AI generated to me.
        
       | viraptor wrote:
       | > Understanding the technical aspects of a servo motor and how it
       | works
       | 
       | I don't feel like the article explains that at all. They explain
       | the control signal and what the servo does as a result. The "how"
       | in between is completely missing though. How is that pulse
       | translated? How does the feedback work? What are the safety
       | mechanisms involved?
        
         | relaxing wrote:
         | That's because the control circuit is hidden in a monolithic
         | IC. If you're really curious, here's a datasheet for an old
         | fashioned design with a block diagram and theory of operation
         | described that should give you some hints.
         | https://www.meditronik.com.pl/doc/plus/zn409.pdf
         | 
         | If that sort of thing interests you, there's a whole field of
         | control theory to study.
        
         | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
         | https://lastminuteengineers.com/servo-motor-arduino-tutorial...
         | 
         | Interactive diagrams + code
        
         | MarkSweep wrote:
         | I think this is a pretty good overview of how motors work and
         | how you can write algorithms to control how much torque they
         | generate by varying the PWM:
         | 
         | https://www.actronic-solutions.de/files/actronic/FTPROOT/Fie...
        
       | arbitrandomuser wrote:
       | I just want to put this hack here which enables the toy servos
       | with a very high accuracy and repeatability
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/ECLrLupFW10?si=dQPSq-hjMTaVGuQS
        
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