[HN Gopher] How Big Is VMS?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Big Is VMS?
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 72 points
       Date   : 2025-04-03 18:46 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (vmssoftware.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (vmssoftware.com)
        
       | jamesy0ung wrote:
       | Is there any reason to use VMS today other than for existing
       | applications that cannot be migrated? I've heard its reliability
       | is legendary, but I've never tried it myself. The 1 year licensed
       | VM seems excessively annoying. Is it just old and esoteric, or
       | does it still have practical use? At least with Linux, multiple
       | vendors release and support distros and it is mainstream, whereas
       | with VMS, you'd be stuck with VSI.
        
         | davesmylie wrote:
         | I was actually surprised to see that there's been a release in
         | the last 12 months - I had thought it was dead.
         | 
         | I used it extensively in the late 90's early 00's and really
         | liked it. As a newb sysadmin at the time, the built-in
         | versioning on the fs saved me from more than one self-inflicted
         | fsck up.
         | 
         | I can't imagine there would be any green-field deployments in
         | the last 10 years or so - I'm guessing it's just supporting
         | legacy environments.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | MCP and MVS (now called z/OS) are all still supported. Not
           | sure whether MCP still receives updates though.
        
             | quesomaster9000 wrote:
             | Right, but z/OS is part of a larger longer-running hardware
             | strategy that, with virtualization, serves the needs of
             | mixed-OS workloads and multi-decade tenures overseeing 24/7
             | systems.
             | 
             | The corpse of OpenVMS on the other hand is being reanimated
             | and tinkered with, presumably paid for by whatever
             | remaining support contracts exist, and also presumably to
             | keep the core engineers occupied with inevitably fruitless
             | busywork while occasionally performing the contractually
             | required on-call technomancy on the few remaining Alpha
             | systems.
             | 
             | VMS is dead... and buried, deep.
             | 
             | It's a shame it can't be open-sourced, just like Netware
             | won't be open-sourced, and probably has less chance of
             | being used for new projects than RiscOS or AmigaOS.
        
               | lproven wrote:
               | I disagree.
               | 
               | It's in active development. They're putting out new
               | versions and selling licenses.
               | 
               | There are much deader OSes out there than VMS, such as
               | Netware.
               | 
               | I suspect that there are more fresh deployments than
               | there are of Xinuos's catalogue: OpenServer 5, 6, and
               | UnixWare 7.
               | 
               | https://www.xinuos.com/products/
               | 
               | Last updated 2018...
        
               | bigbuppo wrote:
               | A few years ago I actually purchased a Netware license,
               | right at the start of Covid. It was an ordeal, and not
               | because of Covid. Multiple retailers and distributors
               | stopped selling Netware/Attachmate/Micro Focus products
               | because of that purchase. Micro Focus was completely
               | uninterested in handling Netware sales in any way, shape,
               | or form, except to existing customers with big
               | maintenance contracts.
               | 
               | I can also speak from personal experience that it was
               | just that side of Micro Focus that was uninterested in
               | making any sales. The AMC (cobol compilers) division was
               | great and I'm happy they ended up at Rocket after the
               | OpenText merger.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | I also disagree. Porting VMS to x86-64 was a huge
               | endeavor. They wouldn't have bothered unless there were
               | at least a few big customers to make it worth it.
               | Otherwise, why not go with emulation? There are
               | commercially supported Alpha and VAX emulators for x86.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > Not sure whether MCP still receives updates though.
             | 
             | MCP Release 21 came out in mid-2023, and release 22 is
             | supposed to be out middle of this year, with further
             | releases planned:
             | https://www.unisys.com/siteassets/microsites/clearpath-
             | futur...
             | 
             | Looking at new features, they seem to be mainly around
             | security (code signing, post quantum crypto) and improved
             | support for running in cloud environments (with the
             | physical mainframe CPU replaced by a software emulator)
             | 
             | Unisys' other mainframe platform, OS 2200 is still around
             | too, and seems to follow a similar release schedule -
             | https://www.unisys.com/siteassets/microsites/clearpath-
             | futur... - although I get the impression there are more MCP
             | sites remaining than OS 2200 sites?
        
               | sillywalk wrote:
               | Does MCP or OS 2200 have any well known users, or was
               | there a niche that they fill(ed)?
               | 
               | Also, I noted in those two roadmaps that they offered
               | continuity - Clear Path Forward -> "Don't worry about
               | migrating or refactoring your apps", but also stated that
               | "none of these new features are guaranteed to show up,
               | and if that damages your company financially, it's not
               | our fault _".
               | 
               | _ I don 't know if this is just a standard legal cop-out
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | > Does MCP or OS 2200 have any well known users,
               | 
               | I know the Michigan state government uses Unisys MCP (I
               | don't know for what): https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Pr
               | oject/Websites/dtmb/Procu...
               | 
               | In 2023, NY State Education Department had an RFP to
               | build a replacement for their Unisys MCP-based grants
               | admin system with a modern non-mainframe solution (don't
               | know current status of that project): https://www.nysed.g
               | ov/sites/default/files/programs/funding-o...
               | 
               | It is generally easier to find out who government users
               | are because they are often required to publish contracts
               | with the mainframe vendor, RFPs for replacement systems
               | or services, etc. (Exception is some national security
               | users where the existence of the system and/or the tech
               | stack it runs on may be classified.) By contrast, private
               | companies, that kind of info is usually only available
               | under NDA - obscure legacy systems is the kind of "dirty
               | laundry" a lot of business don't want publicly aired
               | 
               | In 2013, it was reported in the media that the Australian
               | retailer Coogans was one of the last (maybe the last?)
               | Unisys mainframe sites in Australia -
               | https://www.smh.com.au/technology/tassie-retailer-
               | rejects-cl... - I don't know if they kept their mainframe
               | after that or got rid of it, but in 2019 they went out of
               | business - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-12/hobart-
               | retailer-cooga...
               | 
               | > but also stated that "none of these new features are
               | guaranteed to show up, and if that damages your company
               | financially, it's not our fault".
               | 
               | > I don't know if this is just a standard legal cop-out
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure that's just the "standard legal cop-out"
               | - lots of vendors put language like that in their
               | roadmaps, to make it harder for customers to sue them if
               | delivery is delayed or if the planned next version ends
               | up being cancelled
        
           | Kon-Peki wrote:
           | > I had thought it was dead.
           | 
           | HP tried to kill it. Somewhere in the neighborhood of 10
           | years ago they announced the EOL. This company - VMS Software
           | Inc (VSI) was formed specifically to buy the rights and
           | maintain/port it. So you have an interesting situation.
           | 
           | Old VAX and Alpha systems are supported, supposedly
           | indefinitely, but if you have an Itanium system it has to be
           | newer than a certain age. HP didn't sell the rights to
           | support the older Itaniums, and no longer issues licenses for
           | them. So there is a VMS hardware age gap. Really old is ok.
           | Really new is ok.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | It's now ported to x86 as well, so you can probably just
             | order a Dell box and install OpenVMS on it.
        
               | lproven wrote:
               | _HP_ box. It is a former HP product.
               | 
               | Version 9.x has been out for 5 years, stable for 3, and
               | primarily targets and supports hypervisors. It knows
               | about and directly supports VMware, Hyper-V and KVM.
               | 
               | So, yes, get a generic x86-64 box, bung one of the big 3
               | hypervisors on it, and bang, you are ready to run VMS 9.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | I'm bringing up my own on a Lenovo with KVM.
        
           | lproven wrote:
           | > I can't imagine there would be any green-field deployments
           | in the last 10 years or so - I'm guessing it's just
           | supporting legacy environments.
           | 
           | This is not entirely the case.
           | 
           | I have been writing about VMS for years. The first x86-64
           | edition, version 9, was released in 2020:
           | 
           | https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/10/openvms_92/
           | 
           | Version 9.0 was essentially a test. 9.1 in 2021 was another
           | test and v9.2 in 2022 was production-ready.
           | 
           | There's no new Itanium or Alpha hardware, and version 8.x
           | runs on nothing else. Presumably v9.x is selling well enough
           | to keep the company alive because it's been shipping new
           | versions for a while now.
           | 
           | Totally new greenfield deployments? Probably few. But new
           | installs of the new version, surely, yes, because VMS 9
           | doesn't run on any legacy kit, so these must be new
           | deployments.
           | 
           | It's been growing for a few years. Maybe not growing _much_
           | but a major new version and multiple point releases means
           | _somebody_ is buying it and deploying it. Never mind no new
           | deployments in a decade... more new deployments in the last
           | few years than in the previous decade.
        
         | jonstewart wrote:
         | I had a job at a place in college, back 1997-2000, that was run
         | by a big DEC Alpha server running VMS. VMS was dying then.
         | 
         | I was just a lowly kid programmer working on a side project, so
         | I can't tell you whether it's still uniquely good at something
         | to justify its usage today. It worked. But it was weird and
         | arcane (not that Unix isn't, but Unix won) and using it today
         | for a new project would come with a lot of friction.
        
           | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
           | VAX/VMSCluster was like the Kubernetes of the 1980s. Lots of
           | features that appeared in k8s decades later were baked into
           | VMS.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMScluster
        
         | icedchai wrote:
         | It's fun for hobbyists! The first multi-user system I used
         | happened to be a VAX/VMS system, so it brings me back to my
         | youth. I have a VAX running in simh, complete with compilers.
         | The release, VMS 7.3, is almost 25 years old.
        
         | smackeyacky wrote:
         | I used it a bit at University - most notably it had an Occam
         | system on it that wasn't available on the Sun workstations.
         | 
         | I'm curious about running a VMS system although the admin side
         | looks a bit daunting. The thing I'd really like to do is run
         | X-Windows on an emulator on my home lab, just to see it run.
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | I had an Alpha AXP 150 workstation on my desk for a while, it
           | ran X11 applications fine with no source changes required.
        
         | kristjank wrote:
         | There is a pretty good amount of operation-critical stuff like
         | power plants (especially nuclear), radars, traffic management
         | and various finance/insurance/airline services that operate on
         | VMS afaik. Something about very reliable cluster-native
         | operations, or so it would seem. 90's cloud-native.
        
         | snovymgodym wrote:
         | > Is there any reason to use VMS today other than for existing
         | applications that cannot be migrated?
         | 
         | No, there is no reason to do a greenfield VMS deployment and
         | hasn't been for a long time.
         | 
         | > I've heard its reliability is legendary, but I've never tried
         | it myself.
         | 
         | I've heard the same things but I am doubtful as to their
         | veracity in a modern context. Those claims sound like they come
         | from an era where VMS was still a cutting-edge and competitive
         | product. I'm sure VMS on vaxclusters had impressive reliability
         | in the 1980s, but I doubt it's anything special today. If you
         | look at the companies and institutions that need performance
         | and high reliability today (e.g. Hyperscaler companies or the
         | TOP500) they are all using the same thing: Linux on clusters of
         | x86-64 machines.
        
           | nickpsecurity wrote:
           | I think you're half right.
           | 
           | On one hand, I don't see many of the modern services having
           | years to decades of uptime. Clustering is also bolted onto
           | many products while not available for most products. These
           | were normal for OpenVMS deployments. Seems like a safer bet
           | in that regard.
           | 
           | If people have $$$, which VMS requires for such goals, they
           | can hire the type of sysadmins and programmers who can do the
           | same in Nix' systems. The number of components matching VMS's
           | prior advantages increases annually. Also, these are often
           | open source with corresponding advantages for maintenance and
           | extensions.
           | 
           | The other thing I notice is VMS systems appear to be used in
           | constrained ways compared to how cloud companies use Linux.
           | It might be more reliable because users stay on the happy
           | path. Linux apps keep taking risks to innovate. FreeBSD is a
           | nice compromise for people wanting more stability or
           | reliability with commodity hardware.
           | 
           | Then, you have operating systems whose designs far exceed VMS
           | in architectural reliability. INTEGRITY RTOS, QNX, and
           | LynxOS-178B come to mind. People willing to do custom,
           | proprietary systems are safer building on those.
        
           | 4ad wrote:
           | Hyperscaler companies or the TOP500 don't need high
           | reliability, especially the latter.
           | 
           | With cloud computing reliability is achieved through
           | software, distributed software which _needs_ to be
           | horizontal.
           | 
           | On a mainframe reliability is achieved through hardware (at
           | least as fast as user software is concerned), and the
           | software is _vertical_.
           | 
           | If you need to run vertical, single-system image software,
           | the cloud is useless for making it reliable.
           | 
           | Systems built on the cloud are reliable only insofar as
           | people can write reliable distributed systems which assume
           | components will fail. It is not reliable if you _can 't_, or
           | don't want to write software like that (which carries a
           | significant engineering cost).
           | 
           | The real reason to avoid mainframes (and VMS) is vendor lock-
           | in, not technological.
        
           | przemub wrote:
           | Hey, something like twenty are not x86-64 based :) With ARM
           | Fugaku at the top a couple years ago.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | No. Most of the good stuff was lifted into Windows NT decades
         | ago. The rest has been far surpassed over the same time period
         | by Linux and others. A few cool things probably fell into the
         | cracks, but that's common in the industry.
         | 
         | It's interesting in a "what if/parallel universe" kind of way,
         | but I certainly wouldn't touch it for anything new with that
         | licensing.
        
         | zie wrote:
         | In modern times, we have taken the everything breaks all the
         | time, make redundancy and failover cheap/free approach.
         | 
         | VMS(and the hardware it runs on) takes the opposite approach.
         | Keep everything alive forever, even with hardware failures.
         | 
         | So the VMS machines of the day had dual redundant everything,
         | including interconnected memory across machines and SCSI
         | interconnects and everything you could think of was redundant.
         | 
         | VMS clusters could be configured in a hot/hot standby
         | situation, where 2 identical cabinets full of redundant
         | hardware could failover during an instruction and keep going.
         | You can't do that with the modern approach. The documentation
         | was an entire wall of office bookcase almost clear full of
         | books. There was a lot of documentation.
         | 
         | These days, nothing is redundant inside the box level usually,
         | we instead duplicate the boxes and make them cheap sheep, a
         | dime a dozen.
         | 
         | Which approach is better? That's a great question. I'm not
         | aware of any academic exercises on the topic.
         | 
         | All that said, most people don't need decade long uptimes. Even
         | the big clouds don't bother with trying to get to decade long
         | uptimes, as they regularly have outages.
        
           | malux85 wrote:
           | One of the things that blew my mind in my early career was
           | seeing my mentor open the side of a VMS machine (I can't
           | remember the hardware model sorry) and slide out a giant
           | board of RAM, and then slide in another board the same
           | physical size but it had a CPU on it, and then enable the CPU
           | 
           | The daughter board in that machine could have RAM or CPUs in
           | the same slot and it was changeable without reboots!
        
             | zie wrote:
             | Exactly! One would never, ever do that with x86.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | I've seen x86 servers with hot-plug memory.
        
         | vaxman wrote:
         | That is the kind of comment that a well run bulletin board
         | would moderate. Then again, there are probably not enough VMS
         | systems people left to really have an r-war (short of
         | architecture war).
         | 
         | VMS' key feature over Unix is consistency and beyond that it is
         | being interrupt driven at all levels (no wasted cycled polling
         | except for code ported over using POSIX interfaces). VMS was
         | killed by a confluence of business issues, not because it was
         | obsolete or inefficient.
        
       | ConanRus wrote:
       | they sits on that legacy IP as if anybody cared, i was in the
       | hobbyist program and they screwed it. I was able to download and
       | setup all their products, and now i cant do even that, the only
       | option is to re-download and re-setup an VM image every 6 month
       | or so.
       | 
       | really "user friendly". and then they're wining that nobody
       | contributes to the opensource for VMS.
        
         | progmetaldev wrote:
         | Sounds like a company that has enough high paying legacy
         | clients that they still offer a bit of support, but want that
         | free open source work without improving it to make that work
         | easier to complete.
        
           | BSDobelix wrote:
           | https://vmssoftware.com/about/news/2024-03-25-community-
           | lice...
           | 
           | >Despite our initial aspirations for robust community
           | engagement, the reality has fallen short of our expectations.
           | The level of participation in activities such as contributing
           | open-source software, creating wiki articles, and providing
           | assistance on forums has not matched the scale of the
           | program.
           | 
           | The "aspiration" lasted for a whole year ;)
        
         | BSDobelix wrote:
         | >really "user friendly". and then they're wining that nobody
         | contributes to the opensource for VMS.
         | 
         | Yep, one of the first versions of the x86 version one could
         | download everything and it was planed to renew the license once
         | a year. They then canceled the the license after only one year
         | to provide a new image every year (as if i want to reconfigure
         | my system every year).
         | 
         | That's not how you attract dev's or users.
        
         | 4ad wrote:
         | At some point I was contacted to do a VMS port of Go, for the
         | new x86 port (I have written the Go ports for arm64, sparc64,
         | and for Solaris). In the end it all fizzled out because they
         | couldn't arrange for some sort of license for me such that I
         | would actually be able to run VMS.
        
       | snovymgodym wrote:
       | I have a morbid curiosity about this system, but I don't really
       | have a charitable view of it.
       | 
       | The story as far as I know, goes like this
       | 
       | Back in the late 1970s Dave Cutler and his team create VMS at DEC
       | as the next generation operating system for DEC's new flagship
       | product, the VAX minicomputer.
       | 
       | VMS is good by all accounts and was a successful product, but
       | Unix goes on to dominate the minicomputer and emerging server
       | market for the next decade.
       | 
       | Then in the 1990s DEC goes out of business and sells VMS to
       | Compaq, but not before porting it to their doomed Alpha CPU
       | architecture.
       | 
       | Then in 2000s Compaq goes out of business and gets acquired by
       | HP, and together they port VMS to the doomed Itanium CPU
       | architecture.
       | 
       | In 2014, a shop called VMS Software Inc (VSI) strikes some kind
       | of deal with HP where they get to develop and support new
       | versions of VMS while older versions continue to belong to HP. As
       | part of this, they finally announce an x86-64 port. This port
       | first sees the light of day in 2020.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | The story is essentially bad bet after bad bet, missing the boat
       | and fighting the last war over and over again. And today, it's
       | just a piece of legacy software being used to extract the last
       | bits of value from the organizations that are stuck with it.
       | 
       | Even so, I hope for a true open source release of it one day.
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | How was the Alpha a bad bet? x86-64 didn't exist yet, and the
         | architecture was pretty solid technologically. It died because
         | DEC died, not the other way around.
        
           | nickpsecurity wrote:
           | More details about how it went down here:
           | 
           | https://www.informationweek.com/it-leadership/compaq-to-
           | aban...
           | 
           | ARM's and POWER's success suggests Alpha might have made it.
           | Compaq wanted to partner on Itanium, though. Eventually,
           | Intel got the Alpha I.P. rights which might as well have been
           | a death sentence.
           | 
           | Last Alpha I saw was the SAFE architecture that added
           | security features to a homebrew CPU that was derived from
           | Alpha ISA. What I liked most on Alpha, though, was PALcode
           | with its atomic execution.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Nah. It was a totally different world. These companies were
             | competing around proprietary advantages at the OS or
             | hardware level that became less and less relevant over
             | time. HP self-immolated itself and you were left with IBM
             | and Sun.
             | 
             | Only IBM survived, and that's because it won key contracts
             | in the 60s and 70s to run verticals and business systems,
             | and essentially leveraged mainframe financing and legacy
             | contracts to cross-sell everything. On the tech side, they
             | parlayed that into a sustainable business by virtualizing
             | everything and sharing the Power platform. They get some
             | new business for AIX, but it's mostly that legacy business.
             | 
             | A good chunk of DEC's and Compaq's Business was running
             | terminal (as in tty) operations for mainframes. That went
             | endangered with NT 3.5 and extinct with NT 4. As Linux
             | improved, Intel was good enough. ARM is doing to Intel what
             | Intel did to everyone.
        
           | icedchai wrote:
           | Alpha was so far ahead, compared to the other mid 90's
           | "workstation" vendors. I went to a university with tons of
           | DEC hardware, then worked at a mostly DEC shop for a bit.
           | It's a shame DEC died.
        
             | LeFantome wrote:
             | I really loved the Alpha platform. It was not as fast as it
             | felt like it should have been given the clock speed. It
             | also seemed like a real memory pig compared to x86 at the
             | time. That was probably just because it was 64 bit.
             | Everything is a memory pig now I guess. :)
             | 
             | Alpha boxes were cool. High clock speeds, massive amounts
             | of RAM does the time, and huge storage. When they were the
             | only 64 bit systems, they were the only game in town for
             | some workloads.
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | > It also seemed like a real memory pig compared to x86
               | at the time. That was probably just because it was 64
               | bit. Everything is a memory pig now I guess. :)
               | 
               | Wasn't Alpha also a fairly pure RISC architecture, with
               | larger machine code being an inherent property of that?
        
               | sillywalk wrote:
               | > When they were the only 64 bit systems
               | 
               | They were never the only 64 bit systems. MIPS introduced
               | their 64 bit R4000 in 1991, a year before the Alpha came
               | out. Sun released the 64 bit UltraSPARC in '95, along
               | with IBM's 64bit PowerPC AS for their AS/400 systems. HP
               | released the 64bit version of their PA-RISC in 1996.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | In the late 90's, another engineer came up to me and said
               | they had an Alpha with a couple gigs of RAM. That was
               | almost unheard of for the time! My x86 laptop then had 32
               | megs. It's funny looking back at that now... Everything
               | is a memory pig.
        
           | jabl wrote:
           | > How was the Alpha a bad bet?
           | 
           | Not technically (Alpha ISA had its good and bad sides, but
           | was decent enough), but economically. DEC just didn't have
           | the marketshare and thus economic muscle to survive in a game
           | of ever increasing R&D costs for each successive generation.
           | Hence DEC ending up acquired by Compaq, which then was
           | acquired by HP.
           | 
           | HP also saw the writing on the wall, and developed Itanium
           | with Intel as a replacement for their PA-RISC, thinking that
           | Itanium could benefit from Intel's huge economy of scale in
           | chip manufacturing. And after acquiring Compaq (with DEC
           | Alpha) it sunset the Alpha as well in favor of Itanium, for
           | the same reasons. Well, we all know how the Itanium story
           | turned out.
        
         | jabl wrote:
         | > In 2014, a shop called VMS Software Inc (VSI) strikes some
         | kind of deal with HP where they get to develop and support new
         | versions of VMS while older versions continue to belong to HP.
         | As part of this, they finally announce an x86-64 port. This
         | port first sees the light of day in 2020.
         | 
         | And interesting factoid about the x86-64 port is that they've
         | switched to LLVM-based compilers rather than making x86-64
         | backends for their legacy compilers.
        
         | lproven wrote:
         | > The story as far as I know, goes like this
         | 
         | That is not really accurate or representative at all, no.
        
         | lproven wrote:
         | Let me try to recap a fairer version...
         | 
         | > Back in the late 1970s Dave Cutler and his team create VMS at
         | DEC as the next generation operating system for DEC's new
         | flagship product, the VAX minicomputer.
         | 
         | Not exactly.
         | 
         | In the '60s DEC made several of the leading minicomputers. One
         | was a 16-bit box, the PDP-11, a critical machine in the history
         | of Unix as the first new platform it was ported to.
         | 
         | (It was written on an _18-bit_ DEC mini, the PDP-7. Part of the
         | reason that the PDP-11 got big was that the industry was moving
         | to 8-bit bytes and 16-bit words.)
         | 
         | The VAX was the 32-bit extended version of the PDP-11. It added
         | virtual memory: VAX stands for Virtual Address Extension.
         | 
         | Cutler wrote one of the most successful PDP-11 OSes, RSX-11. He
         | was famously much faster than rival teams, so got the job of
         | writing a 32-bit OS for the new 32-bit machine.
         | 
         | > VMS is good by all accounts and was a successful product, but
         | Unix goes on to dominate the minicomputer and emerging server
         | market for the next decade.
         | 
         | Not really. VMS 1.0 was 1977. Its clustering is still the best-
         | of-breed today, able to present multiple heterogenous machines
         | (VAX, Alpha, Itanium and x86-64) as a single virtual host on
         | the network, with multiple nodes sharing drives, with nodes
         | able to join and leave while the cluster stays up. Uptimes in
         | _decades_ are normal _with OS upgrades happening in that time._
         | 
         | DEC enjoyed 10-15yr of dominance in its sector before Unix
         | started to become much of a threat. The first SUN workstation
         | wasn't for 5 years yet. The first SPARC not for another 12yr.
         | 
         | > Then in the 1990s DEC goes out of business
         | 
         | Nope nope nope.
         | 
         | Cutler proposes a plan: a successor to the VAX, a 32-bit RISC
         | chip (PRISM), and a successor to VMS, a multi-personality OS
         | (MICA) to run on it.
         | 
         | DEC says no. It does not believe that microcomputers and Unix
         | are threats, and it spends $ _billions_ on VAX 9000, a series
         | of mainframe-class VAX machines. By the time they eventually
         | ship, the performance is uncompetitive.
         | 
         | Mind you while it's doing this it's selling tons of VAXes
         | including high-end workstations; I bought several and ran
         | clusters of them.
         | 
         | Microsoft headhunts Cutler and his core team with him. It gives
         | him OS/2 3.0 to finish, the portable (CPU-independent) version.
         | They built it on Intel's next-gen RISC chip, i860: the x86
         | times ten. Codename: N-10. The OS is renamed OS/2 NT for N-Ten.
         | 
         | Note: officially denied now, yes, I am fully aware. Don't
         | believe everything you hear.
         | 
         | Cutler implements his planned MICA multi-personality OS, able
         | to emulate other OSes at kernel level, as NT. Most OS/2 stuff
         | is junked but at launch it can format and use OS/2 HPFS disks
         | and run OS/2 text-mode binaries, and an optional add-on to run
         | Presentation Manager GUI apps is available.
         | 
         | DEC rescues PRISM, upgrades it to 64-bit, and calls it Alpha.
         | Fastest CPU in the industry and the first 64-bit single-chip
         | processor. Runs Unix, VMS, and Windows NT. First non-x86 chip
         | to get Linux ported to it.
         | 
         | DEC also uses this experience to design the first superscalar
         | ARM, called StrongARM.
         | 
         | DEC also gets a _very_ sweet deal on NT for Alpha; the rumour
         | is that DEC has proof that Cutler used MICA code in NT and has
         | MS over a barrel.
         | 
         | DEC remains a major industry force. It also makes networking
         | kit, printers, HDD and tape drives, Ethernet chipsets, PCs --
         | it's almost a one-stop shop. You can built an entire enterprise
         | network entirely from DEC kit from the screens to the keyboards
         | to the Ethernet switches. I did.
         | 
         | > sells VMS to Compaq, but not before porting it to their
         | doomed Alpha CPU architecture.
         | 
         |  _Way_ off. Not even close.
         | 
         | DEC's lost MICA project, now called Windows NT, eats into its
         | revenues. It loses market share to cheap x86 PCs and an OS
         | based on a DEC design.
         | 
         | Compaq buys DEC. It's too big to digest and Compaq gets in
         | trouble.
         | 
         | > Then in 2000s Compaq goes out of business and gets acquired
         | by HP, and together they port VMS to the doomed Itanium CPU
         | architecture.
         | 
         | Not really, no.
         | 
         | Cash-rich HP, which has lots of experience with managing
         | non-x86 lines, acquires one of its biggest competitors in the
         | x86 space, which has zero such experience.
         | 
         | HP buys Compaq. HP has its own RISC chip, its own Unix, its own
         | fault-tolerant systems, all kinds of legacy stuff. It is quite
         | used to killing old product lines. It also has a high-end
         | enterprise email server that is compatible with MS Exchange.
         | 
         | HP makes good money from its partnership with MS, though.
         | 
         | So, HP kills HP OpenMail and sells the IP to Samsung, trades
         | Alpha to Intel in return for killing its RISC chip... it goes
         | all-in on MS and being the premium enterprise MS partner.
         | Anything that rivals anything from Intel or Microsoft, HP
         | kills.
         | 
         | HP works with Intel to make an EPIC chip that it tells
         | customers will replace its PA-RISC.
         | 
         | HP merges the surviving DEC enterprise (non-x86) kit into its
         | enterprise lines.
         | 
         | It announces it's killing VMS.
         | 
         | I wrote this:
         | https://www.theregister.com/2013/06/10/openvms_death_notice/
         | 
         | There is a big customer outcry.
         | 
         | > In 2014, a shop called VMS Software Inc (VSI) strikes some
         | kind of deal with HP where they get to develop and support new
         | versions of VMS while older versions continue to belong to HP.
         | As part of this, they finally announce an x86-64 port. This
         | port first sees the light of day in 2020.
         | 
         | HP spins off VMS to a new company.
         | 
         | https://www.theregister.com/2014/07/31/openvms_spared/
         | 
         | As there is no new Alpha or Itanium kit, the new company's
         | proposition is to help customers nurse VMS on Alpha or Itanium
         | until it has an x86-64 VMS.
         | 
         | It delivers this by 2020.
        
           | sillywalk wrote:
           | > [HP's] own fault-tolerant systems
           | 
           | Which were these? I didn't know HP had a fault-tolerant line.
           | 
           | I know Compaq purchased Tandem Computers with their fault-
           | tolerant NonStop systems, and they intended to port it from
           | MIPS to Alpha.
        
           | icedchai wrote:
           | Thank you for this. Many people today don't realize just how
           | influential DEC was on early computing.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | Can we be clear? This is VAX VMS?
        
         | icedchai wrote:
         | Yes! VAX/VMS became OpenVMS back in the 90's. It runs on VAX,
         | Alpha, Itanium, and x86-64.
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | David Cutler is one of my heroes. I think he only worked on the
       | first version of VMS, but his expertise of OS design and
       | implementation is probably second to few.
       | 
       | Does anyone know whether he is still working in Microsoft? What
       | does it feel to work with him?
        
         | voidfunc wrote:
         | He's a high level technical fellow as far as I know but he's
         | also 83. I suspect his involvement these days, if any, is
         | purely advisory to a limited group of core NT kernel and RDOS
         | engineers.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | Yeah, I agree, it's probably high level or retirement.
        
           | jonstewart wrote:
           | The last article I read about him implied that he's intent on
           | working and that working with him was... intense. But that
           | was a few years ago.
           | 
           | I like to imagine there's an inner sanctum in a secure sub-
           | basement of Microsoft where a couple dozen cracked kernel
           | developers work quietly... except when Dave Cutler asks them
           | to come into his personal lab through the three foot thick
           | blast doors and man-trap so he can yell at them about a bug
           | he found.
        
         | progmetaldev wrote:
         | His series on YouTube, Dave's Garage, has really helped me to
         | conceptualize Operating Systems in the past that I used, but
         | didn't really fully understand. I started with Atari DOS, but
         | moved to the 286 roughly around the time it started to become
         | popular, along with MS-DOS. I'm 45 now, so didn't think about
         | things as deeply back then, as far as constraints and why
         | things may have been built the way they were. I think his
         | series really does a great job at looking into both technology
         | and company politics (especially his time at Microsoft).
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/xi1Lq79mLeE?feature=shared
        
           | lmz wrote:
           | That's Dave PLUMMER's channel. Dave CUTLER is the guest in
           | that video.
        
             | progmetaldev wrote:
             | You are correct, thank you. Dave Cutler has apparently done
             | many guest spots on Dave's Garage, so many that I confused
             | their names! Appreciate the correction, so I can perform
             | some better searches of Dave Cutler, having only looked
             | into the videos on YouTube.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | Thanks, I think he did an interview of David Cutler which is
           | pretty interesting.
        
             | progmetaldev wrote:
             | Yes, lmz <https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=lmz> pointed
             | out that I had mixed up Dave Plummer and Dave Cutler. There
             | are actually multiple videos that Dave Plummer has done
             | with Dave Cutler, which I found very interesting.
             | 
             | Reminds me of Coders At Work, by Peter Seibel, which I read
             | right around the time that I decided to get deeper into
             | software. Being able to read or hear about the process that
             | went on in someone's head while developing something so
             | major was and is still impressive, and motivating.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | At the end of his interview some folks linked to, he points out
         | still being at Microsoft working on a project related to AI
         | looking into using Linux on XBox racks.
        
         | vaxman wrote:
         | He brought down the empire by committing the ultimate offense:
         | walking across the street and taking the additional money.
         | Hundreds of thousands of people lost their careers, millions
         | more disrupted because of his selfish act. In the 9th Circle
         | will be at least your hero, RMS of GNU and Vint of PPP and
         | Carly of "That Face."
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | Can you please elaborate? I get that he brought maybe a
           | couple of dozens of people from Prism to Microsoft, but I
           | can't see why that brought down DEC, especially it was DEC
           | who paused Prism.
           | 
           | I also know that some Prism code was used in NT but again I
           | hardly see why that brought down DEC.
           | 
           | That could be the cause, if DEC had some competitive hardware
           | or software projects, but none that I know so far. Please
           | share your knowledge with us.
        
       | whartung wrote:
       | Does it seem right that ACPI alone is almost 9% of the LOC in
       | this code base? At over 165K lines?
       | 
       | Mind, I honestly don't know anything about the details of ACPI.
       | 
       | But, seems like a lot to me.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | ACPI is a monster. 1,100 page spec:
         | https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_Spec_6_5...
         | 
         | There's a ton of different tables you have to parse and as I
         | recall there's a whole bytecode you need to be able to execute.
        
         | p_l wrote:
         | Remember that there aren't as many drivers in VMS core as in
         | Linux (were just amd DRM driver dwarfs some older kernel
         | versions), and ACPI for all its complexity also handles as
         | portability layer between a lot of differences that in VMS'
         | past involved having to release an entire special release of
         | the system just to get it to boot, now covered by ACPI support.
         | 
         | Also, we don't know how much of that is test code, samples (for
         | testing, for example)
        
         | mrweasel wrote:
         | I seems to have read somewhere that there are really only three
         | ACPI implementations: Microsofts, Intels (used in Linux and
         | FreeBSD, among others) and OpenBSDs. So I wonder if VMW might
         | be a fourth, or if they are also using the Intel
         | implementation.
        
       | uptownfunk wrote:
       | Wow this is what put food on the table for us as a kid. Respect
       | to VAX / VMS. I wonder if anyone remembers sperry univac digital
       | burrows etc tech co of yore. It gave me a childhood in America,
       | so however old or obsolete it may be I have a fond place for it.
        
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