[HN Gopher] Supervisors often prefer rule breakers, up to a point
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Supervisors often prefer rule breakers, up to a point
        
       Author : rustoo
       Score  : 181 points
       Date   : 2025-04-02 10:13 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (journals.aom.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (journals.aom.org)
        
       | ungreased0675 wrote:
       | This study is about the NHL, hardly applicable to other contexts.
        
         | nickpeterson wrote:
         | Next time you get too many story points assigned on a sprint,
         | cross-check your manager.
        
           | crscrosaplsauc wrote:
           | Spending some time in the box for 'snowing that hot-headed
           | coworker' doesn't sound so bad.
        
             | doubled112 wrote:
             | Four minutes for roughing after you punch somebody in the
             | face? Sign me up!
        
               | rufus_foreman wrote:
               | >> Four minutes for roughing
               | 
               | I've never seen a double minor for roughing. 2 minute
               | minor or 5 minute major.
               | 
               | 4 minute double minor is typically when someone is high
               | sticked and they're bleeding because of it.
               | 
               | So yeah, give a co-worker a hand to the face and if the
               | manager catches it you're sitting out of the sprint
               | planning meeting for either 2 or 5 minutes depending.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | _> if the manager catches it you 're sitting out of the
               | sprint planning meeting for either 2 or 5 minutes
               | depending._
               | 
               | Going to be a lot of sore faces when this rule comes into
               | effect.
        
               | rufus_foreman wrote:
               | I mean those guys are allowed to fight back, too, it's
               | fun to watch.
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > I've never seen a double minor for roughing. 2 minute
               | minor or 5 minute major
               | 
               | I've seen a double minor for roughing when both players
               | involved get the roughing minor but one player gets the
               | double for instigating
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | I've kinda done this at different points. Sometimes people
           | need a good stern talking to out of band.
        
         | crscrosaplsauc wrote:
         | How so? The study is about leadership, decision making, and
         | risk vs reward. Is there not demonstrable (and multiple levels
         | of) leadership within sports teams?
         | 
         | I'm genuinely curious if you've participated in collegiate
         | above sports - or at maybe even High School level. I would be
         | very surprised if someone who played or participated seriously
         | in sports said they didn't take away lessons about leadership
         | and decision making.
        
           | Carrok wrote:
           | I'm sure they did take away lessons. Are those lessons
           | applicable to the real world is the salient question.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | "Sports does not occur in the real world"
             | 
             | That's a new one for me today.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Rule breaking is part of the game in sports. Players
               | will, for example, take a penalty if it is worth it.
               | Hockey has fights, basketball has fouls as a resource
               | that gets expended over the course of the game.
        
               | dilyevsky wrote:
               | Are you saying irl people don't break the law or go
               | against other conventions when they think it's worth it?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | It's just a game, so there's no real moral component and
               | the stakes are much lower generally.
        
               | dilyevsky wrote:
               | I can easily make a case that professional sports at the
               | highest level (NHL, NBA, PL, etc) are much higher stakes
               | than most peoples' jobs at least in $ dimension
        
               | empath75 wrote:
               | Sure, but the pretense is that the game is a self
               | contained reality and once the game is over, everyone has
               | a life they can go on living. Tripping someone on the way
               | to scoring a goal is _unfair_, and there is a defined
               | penalty for it, but when the game is over, that's the end
               | of the consequences for it.
               | 
               | There are, though, lots of penalties in hockey that are
               | about not hurting or maiming (or even killing) people,
               | and those sorts of penalties are very much not rewarded
               | or encouraged by coaches or players.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | I mean, it just seems like a false or unrealistic
               | pretense to me.
               | 
               | For example while a hockey game is a 'game' what about a
               | person making a bet on that game that now loses a bet
               | because of the penalty actions? Or a team loses that
               | would have won because of said penalty and does not go to
               | the world championship. So yea, saying there is no
               | consequences is like rejecting the premise of causality
               | as the game doesn't live in a closed system.
        
               | empath75 wrote:
               | > Or a team loses that would have won because of said
               | penalty and does not go to the world championship.
               | 
               | What if they lost the bet because they missed a goal
               | because they slipped on the ice? What if they missed the
               | goal because they blocked it? Taking a strategic penalty
               | isn't _cheating_, it's acting within the rules of the
               | game. The rules are _if_ you take such an action, _then_
               | the following consequence occurs.
               | 
               | It's sort of dependent on the game and the penalty,
               | though, what the norms are. In soccer, basketball, hockey
               | and football, strategic fouls/penalties happen all the
               | time to prevent scoring opportunities -- holding, etc.
               | That's not considered cheating, it's just part of the
               | game, you trade a sure goal for a penalty.
               | 
               | There _are_ some actions that are considered cheating
               | though -- think inflategate in the NFL, or stealing signs
               | with cameras in baseball. Stuff that isn't generally
               | caught and penalized in the game -- that's the kind of
               | thing that most players won't do, even at the top level.
        
               | Carrok wrote:
               | That's certainly one way to misinterpret what I said.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | This whole thing is based on a serious misunderstanding on the
         | role of penalties and fouls in sports. One can take a penalty
         | strategically, for example to stop an almost sure goal, with
         | the consequence of whatever the penalty is. That's just part of
         | the game, and elite (ie: NHL) players are really smart about
         | how they do it, and _should_ be rewarded for it.
         | 
         | Then there are "dumb" penalties, and worse -- things that
         | aren't penalties at all, that break "unwritten rules", and
         | there's a whole bunch of them, like showboating, dirty shots,
         | etc, and those won't get you the support of the team.
         | 
         | And then there are you, know, team rules -- if you're out there
         | not listening to the coach, you'll absolutely get benched.
        
       | neuroelectron wrote:
       | Hard to see the negatives. Rule breakers allow you to reap the
       | rewards while removing liability.
        
         | nine_zeros wrote:
         | Every supervisor ever: Look my team is just an awesome team
         | that achieves all goals by breaking rules. I was the fearless
         | leader to lead them.
         | 
         | Same supervisor when caught breaking rules: Rogue employee.
         | Nothing to do with me. Will fire them.
        
           | wright-goes wrote:
           | Good point. Though if they change the rules after breaking
           | them, will history remember?
           | 
           | Looking at uber, any number of social media companies, etc.,
           | having some good lobbyists works wonders.
        
       | wileydragonfly wrote:
       | I mean... I'm a supervisor and in that position primarily because
       | I have a good sense of when to bend or break rules. And, yes, the
       | employees that can strategically do the same are noticed.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | As the old saying goes, "it's easier to ask for forgiveness than
       | permission."
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | A more palatable phrasing, "supervisors prefer people that engage
       | with the rules with purpose." That is, choosing to break a rule
       | because you are making a cost call based on what you were able to
       | achieve is not, necessarily, a bad thing.
       | 
       | The "point" where this fails, of course, is where the "cost" call
       | above is such that the supervisor can't agree.
        
         | tyleo wrote:
         | You sound like a supervisor there ;)
         | 
         | "They didn't break the rule! They engaged in the rules with
         | purpose unlike those rule followers."
         | 
         | Though I'm not advocating your approach is incorrect.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Someone who follows the rule even when it produces a terrible
           | outcome is a painful liability. Just like someone who breaks
           | the rule to do the same thing.
        
             | genewitch wrote:
             | > Someone who follows the rule even when it produces a
             | terrible outcome is a painful liability.
             | 
             | It is called malicious compliance for a reason.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | Worse, I'm a parent! :D
        
         | staunton wrote:
         | Sometimes, the goal is to create an environment where people
         | _must_ break certain rules to get anything done, which everyone
         | (including supervisors) understands, but by way of imposing
         | those rules responsibility and liability is transferred to
         | subordinates.
        
           | InDubioProRubio wrote:
           | The use of private internet access for work is denied. Doing
           | so, shifts all responsibility from the IT-department on the
           | private citizen. The WiFi is currently out of service.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | I think those environments are bad, most likely? Why would it
           | be a goal to make it so that people break rules?
           | 
           | Making people think about the rules? That is fine and good.
           | Setting them to be broken, though? That just sounds broken.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | Like anything it's a balance.
             | 
             | On one extreme you have crap like the gig economy where
             | workers have all of the responsibility and none of the
             | control.
             | 
             | On the other extreme you have perverse workplaces where
             | there would otherwise be no individual responsibility for
             | work if people were not taking on that responsibility by
             | working outside the rules.
             | 
             | I do think that having the system and the rules support the
             | way the organization actually runs in reality is better
             | than even a good implementation of systematic rule
             | breaking.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | So I'm fascinated with military culture and how systems work on
       | this scale (ie millions of employees). And one interesting aspect
       | is the E4 Mafia [1].
       | 
       | For those that don't know, you're generally either a commissioned
       | officer (with ranks from 0-1 and up) or enlisted (E-1 to E-9).
       | Some branches have warrant officers too but let's ignore that.
       | 
       | So if you join as an enlisted you start off as a private in the
       | Army (it's called something else in different branches). By the
       | time you finish bootcamp you're an E-2 private, possibly an E-3
       | (Private First Class). If you're not an E-3 it's automatic
       | promotion after ~6 months assumpting you don't have any red flags
       | AFAIK.
       | 
       | By the time you make it to E-4 (Corporal in the Army) you kinda
       | know how things work BUT you're also in the last rank before
       | you're in a leadership position. The next position (E-5, Sergeant
       | in the Army) is a noncomissioned officer ("NCO"). Some people
       | want to avoid that so they kinda hang around E-4 far longer than
       | they should and they build up a body of knowledge on how to get
       | things done. Or they may have been a higher rank and get busted
       | down from an Article 15 (or NJP or whatever the specific branch
       | calls it).
       | 
       | Requisitions can be a huge issue in the military, evne for simple
       | things like office supplies. So you may find that E-4s can
       | "acquire" needed supplies from other units. NCOs, Staff NCOs and
       | command tend to be aware of it but will ignore it because it
       | kinda needs to happen. And those E-4s are called the "E4 Mafia".
       | 
       | This, I believe, is the kind of "rule breaker" this post is
       | referring to.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEgh-w4FIFc
        
         | wright-goes wrote:
         | In the US Army an E-4 is a specialist or a corporal. Most E-4s
         | are specialists. The E-4 is the pay grade, and the specialist
         | or corporal designation is the rank. A corporal is a type of
         | lateral promotion from specialist and as a corporal the soldier
         | is then considered a non-commissioned officer.
         | 
         | One thing I think would've been helpful for the article to
         | address are operational and or program leaders that strive to
         | get things done, respect their team's time, and want to be a
         | good steward of resources. These leaders may ask probing "why"
         | questions trying to do what's arguably common sense.
         | 
         | Cutting through red tape can be seen by others as rule
         | breaking, but often it's just asking the questions others
         | haven't and trying to do something in a new, hopefully better
         | way. That means taking a risk that something could go wrong and
         | that's received in different ways by people.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | It's one of the reasons why organizations that are run by
           | lawyers or accountants almost always suck and often perform
           | poorly. They tend to go back to their roots when uncertain
           | and focus on chickenshit.
           | 
           | The exceptions are usually lawyers who discovered that they
           | despise lawyering.
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | Scavenging is the result of the low pay. In my experience,
         | officers usually look the other way as they understand what it
         | is, until they can't look away anymore. Many enlisted are paid
         | so low, officers actually go out of their way to encourage them
         | to sign-up for food stamps which many are eligible for. When
         | "shrinkage" becomes a problem, they simply pause all
         | requisitions for a while. Many of these items end up in "army
         | surplus" stores surrounding the army base.
        
       | inetknght wrote:
       | Loading the page with javascript and cookies disabled blocks the
       | page load. Is there a better source?
        
       | pdpi wrote:
       | Fundamentally, rules almost always come with compromises -- for
       | the sake of making rules understandable by humans, they have to
       | be relatively simple. Simple rules for complex situations will
       | always forbid some amount of good behaviour, and allow some bad
       | behaviour. Many of society's parasites live in the space of
       | "allowable bad behaviour", but there is a lot of value to knowing
       | how to exploit the "forbidden good behaviour" space.
        
         | efavdb wrote:
         | Example?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Not the poster, but some examples;
           | 
           | - emotional support animals - take a penny, leave a penny -
           | 'discretion' and speed limits - qualified immunity
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | For which side?
           | 
           | Most examples boil down to common sense. Nobody is going to
           | arrest a 14 year old for driving their dying parent to the
           | hospital.
           | 
           | Similarly, it is reprehensible but legal to pull up a chair
           | and watch a child drown in a pool.
           | 
           | There is a difference between law and morality, and humans
           | will use the second to selectively enforce the former.
        
             | randomNumber7 wrote:
             | > Similarly, it is reprehensible but legal to pull up a
             | chair and watch a child drown in a pool.
             | 
             | In which country? Even for the US I don't believe the law
             | system is that crappy.
        
               | tdeck wrote:
               | I suppose it would depend a lot on the specifics of the
               | situation, but there's less obligation to help others
               | than I would have thought:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_to_rescue
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | I think you'll never find a case where someone got in
               | trouble for not being a hero. I've recently found myself
               | in a somewhat related situation where a guy turned
               | violent in a pub... first I tried to calm him down and
               | almost got hit... he then turned to other guys who were
               | nearby, and one of them got punched in the face and fell
               | unconscious. My family was with me and told me to stay
               | the hell out of it, but I thought that would be extremely
               | cowardly so I jumped at the guy to try to keep him down,
               | but he was strong and I got a punch in the eye which cost
               | me a week with a black eye, but could've easily turned
               | out much worse for me. If I had just stayed quiet, would
               | I be "negligent"?? The police told me what I did was good
               | as I was trying to help someone, but I didn't have any
               | obligation to do it.
               | 
               | In the case of a child in a pool, the difference is a
               | matter of degree. What if I am terrified of water myself?
               | Does that justify my inaction? What if I just "froze",
               | which is common in stressful situations. Does anything
               | justify not doing something?
        
               | kukkamario wrote:
               | Here in Finland, there is legal obligation to help people
               | in emergencies, but this does not mean that you are
               | required to danger yourself or act beyond your abilities.
               | So usually only thing you are actually legally required
               | to do is to call for help.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | Are you legally required to carry a means of
               | communication? If not, how can this possibly be enforced?
               | It sounds like an end run to get to negligence charges.
               | 
               | For example, how fast can I drive to get to a telephone
               | if I don't carry one or otherwise cannot use it?
        
               | rendall wrote:
               | > _It sounds like an end run to get to negligence
               | charges._
               | 
               | It's not anything nefarious like that. US citizens and US
               | law enforcement tend to have an adversarial relationship,
               | unfortunately. Finns generally do not. That law is an
               | expression of expectation for behavior in a civilized
               | society, not an opportunity for prosecutorial promotion,
               | as it might be in the US. One must take reasonable steps
               | to save a drowning child, including calling police. In
               | practice, only the most egregiously callous psychopathic
               | misbehavior is punished. Honestly, who doesn't think that
               | a person shouldn't be in jail who would prefer to film
               | and giggle while a child was drowning? A person like that
               | needs a timeout at least.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | > Honestly, who doesn't think that a person shouldn't be
               | in jail who would prefer to film and giggle while a child
               | was drowning? A person like that needs a timeout at
               | least.
               | 
               | The difference is that jail in the US is not "timeout".
               | Prisoners may be required to work against their will,
               | which is the carve out in the fourteenth amendment which
               | abolished slavery. People openly joke about sexual
               | assault in prison with derogatory comments like "don't
               | drop the soap". All in all, I think the bar should be
               | higher to send someone to prison in the US. We already
               | have too many people in prison and, in my opinion, many
               | of them are wrongly in prison.
        
               | ajb wrote:
               | There's a discussion of the difference between American
               | and German tort law here:
               | https://supreme.findlaw.com/legal-commentary/how-germany-
               | vie...
               | 
               | The difference is that German law is more systematic and
               | includes a general duty to rescue, but this doesn't
               | result in excessive negligence charges, as awards are
               | much smaller.
        
               | ecb_penguin wrote:
               | > Are you legally required to carry a means of
               | communication? If not, how can this possibly be enforced?
               | 
               | Obviously not... If you have no means to communicate you
               | are not required to communicate. I don't know why you'd
               | think otherwise.
               | 
               | > For example, how fast can I drive to get to a telephone
               | if I don't carry one or otherwise cannot use it?
               | 
               | This would obviously depend on circumstances and how safe
               | you're able to drive without causing more incidents.
               | 
               | This is also why we have courts, and judges, and juries.
               | They look at the totality of circumstances and arrive at
               | judgement.
        
               | nilamo wrote:
               | > I think you'll never find a case where someone got in
               | trouble for not being a hero
               | 
               | Very much depends on country:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_to_rescue
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | > In which country? Even for the US I don't believe the
               | law system is that crappy.
               | 
               | There's video from a few years back that shows very
               | American cops standing outside a burning house at night,
               | knowing there was a young child still in it. A passing
               | pizza delivery dude[1] rescued the 6-year old, handed her
               | to cop, and ended up requiring hospitalization. In the
               | online discussion, everyone called the rescuer a hero,
               | but I don't recall seeing a single condemnation of the
               | cops (a "first-responder") who didn't enter the burning
               | house.
               | 
               | edit: 1. the hero's name is Nick Bostic
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBlE52qKKuw
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Cops have no legal obligation in the US to protect people
               | from crime. They can watch you be mugged without lifting
               | a finger. They might be fired, but the victim isn't
               | entitled to protection.
               | 
               | It basically comes down to positive and negative rights.
               | Someone is at fault if they harm you, but nobody is
               | required to help you, even the government.
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | >[...] but the victim isn't entitled to protection.
               | 
               | Which is the my point. If cops don't have an obligation
               | to save anyone from a fire, then why would random Joe get
               | into trouble for similar inaction. GP was mistaken about
               | the laws in America.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Indeed, we are in agreement. they were in disbelief
               | responding to my parent post.
        
               | ecb_penguin wrote:
               | If police had a legal obligation to protect people from
               | crime, everyone would have recourse if the police failed
               | to protect them. Bar fight? Sue the police. Domestic
               | violence? Sue the police.
               | 
               | It would literally lead to the collapse of the justice
               | system.
        
               | betenoire wrote:
               | Really? You don't think there is a middle ground? Are the
               | cops watching this fight or hearing about or later?
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > nobody is required to help you, even the government
               | 
               | Seems very convenient, what am I paying taxes for then?
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | You're paying taxes because your government forces you to
               | under threat of violence.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | But there was a fire, so the risk of themselves dying was
               | pretty high! There is a reason why they get extra,
               | literal medals if they go above and beyond. Hell, there
               | are situations in which even firefighters would not go
               | easily.
        
               | bmacho wrote:
               | A burning house is not "a pool".
               | 
               | In my country you can't watch a kid drowning in a pool*
               | but you are not obligated to help anyone in a burning
               | house, since that would put you in danger too. I assume
               | it is the same ~everywhere in the world, including the
               | US.
               | 
               | * assume rescuing would be fairly safe, you are a good
               | swimmer, you have lifeguard education, the weather is
               | nice and the kid is small. AFAIK rescuing drowning people
               | is _dangerous_ as they can pull you down.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | A drowning child is of fairly limited threat to an even
               | halfway competent adult swimmer. Even at maximum
               | panic/flailing, they just don't have the mass or strength
               | to prevent you from at least treading water.
        
               | sdwr wrote:
               | I'm a good swimmer, and 50 pounds of thrashing,
               | scratching and climbing feels dangerous.
        
               | kstenerud wrote:
               | It gets tricky when professions, insurance etc are
               | involved.
               | 
               | Example: After a missile attack on a Dnipro gas station
               | in 2022, my wife and her team arrived to see the station
               | burning and 3 people already confirmed dead, but the
               | paramedics would not go inside (they actually weren't
               | allowed to, due to the danger). Her team was military,
               | however, so it was OK to go in and check for survivors.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The problem is, as always, insurance. Entering an unsafe
               | building in an employment context without adequate PPE
               | will kill off any claims for workplace injury. The pizza
               | driver however will most likely be covered by some kind
               | of government scheme, because him getting injured is not
               | tied to his employment.
               | 
               | It's the same why store clerks are explicitly banned from
               | intervening with thefts or fights among unruly customers.
               | When they get injured because they willfully entered a
               | fight, they have zero claims to make (other than trying
               | to sue a piss poor drug addict, which is pointless) -
               | only a security guard is insured against that.
        
               | randomNumber7 wrote:
               | It is a very clear difference, if you need to bring
               | yourself into danger (enter a burning house) vs just
               | looking it drown in a pool.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | The law is not indented as a one stop shop for
               | instructions for life or how to be a good person.
               | 
               | The law serves to stop people from damaging each other,
               | not make them help each other.
               | 
               | Most of common law is based on the premise you dont owe
               | anyone anything but to be left alone.
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | In France at least, and I believe in the US to, it is
               | illegal to not do something if you can.
               | 
               | It does _not_ mean that you should dive and bring him
               | back. In fact, it is not recommended unless you know what
               | you are doing as you may put yourself in danger and need
               | rescuing yourself. But if there are other people around
               | who can help and you don 't alert them, or if you have a
               | working phone and don't call whatever emergency number is
               | appropriate, than that's illegal.
               | 
               | EDIT: It appears that it is _not_ illegal do do nothing
               | in most of the US. The law only protects you from
               | consequences of trying to help.
        
               | trimethylpurine wrote:
               | It depends what you mean by _do._ In the US, if you didn
               | 't notify police or call for help and just stood and
               | watched while someone died, no jury would pass on
               | convicting you. You're expected to behave reasonably.
               | There need not be a written law. It's called common law.
        
               | dontlikeyoueith wrote:
               | > Even for the US I don't believe the law system is that
               | crappy.
               | 
               | Then you're living in a fantasy world.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Unless you are the parent, legal guardian, or someone
               | with some other special legal duty to the child where
               | this might be criminal neglect, yes, this is legal in,
               | AFAIK, every US legal jurisdiction -- there is no general
               | legal duty to render aid.
        
               | randomNumber7 wrote:
               | In Germany it is different.
               | 
               | - failure to render assistance ("unterlassene
               | Hilfeleistung") up to one year in prison or a fine
               | 
               | - Exposed to a life-threatening situation ("Aussetzung",
               | SS 221 StGB) - If a person leaves someone helpless in a
               | life-threatening situation, they could be sentenced to up
               | to 10 years in prison
               | 
               | Edit: Also note that murder would often give you 16 years
               | in germany even though it is called live long.
        
           | pdpi wrote:
           | A classical example of legal bad behaviour is that of patent
           | trolls.
        
             | biofox wrote:
             | For illegal good behaviour, see Aaron Swartz
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | and reverse for legal bad behavior is how he was treated
               | by system
        
           | dtech wrote:
           | Making food in public for homeless people runs afoul of food
           | safety laws
        
             | thatguy0900 wrote:
             | Or, further, taking waste food to distribute to homeless is
             | also against the rules. I used to work at a pizza hut
             | express, we would have small personal pan pizzas in a ready
             | to go area for like 15-20 min then throw them away if they
             | were unsold. At the end of the day you'd have a trash can
             | full of personal pan pizzas that were honestly fine to eat.
             | You'd get fired for doing anything with them though.
        
           | harrall wrote:
           | Going 10mph over the speed limit on a highway, especially
           | because you're a little late, isn't a big deal.
           | 
           | Going 5mph UNDER in a neighborhood with kids playing around
           | on the street is too fast.
        
         | tossandthrow wrote:
         | In law there is the concept of "rules VS. Standards" which
         | seems to relate to what you explain.
        
         | Enginerrrd wrote:
         | The worst of all worlds is when a blind application of the
         | rules results in bad behavior.
         | 
         | This situation seems to come up frequently, and I'm very often
         | appalled at how readily otherwise normal people will "follow
         | the rules" even when it's clearly and objectively bad, and
         | there may even be existing pathways to seek exceptions.
        
           | harrall wrote:
           | Some types of people are "rule followers" are can't fathom
           | breaking any rules.
           | 
           | There are also "rule breakers" who can't fathom being told
           | what to do.
           | 
           | Both types of people are insufferable.
        
             | moate wrote:
             | _puts Killing in the Name on at full blast_
        
           | akshaybhalotia wrote:
           | AKA "perverse incentive"[0]
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perverse_incentive
        
             | sdwr wrote:
             | A perverse incentive implies following the letter of the
             | law, but cheating the spirit of the law.
             | 
             | GP is just talking about inefficient rules
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _"Rule breaking appears to signal a team member's commitment--a
       | willingness to do whatever it takes to get the job done," wrote
       | Wakeman, Yang, and Moore, all of whom are hockey fans._
       | 
       | Beyond "taking one for the team", in business, I didn't see the
       | article make some key distinctions:
       | 
       | * What is the origin of the rules? (Originated in the interests
       | of the organization, or came from outside, such as regulatory
       | requirements.)
       | 
       | * How much does the organization care about the rules? (Some
       | rules they just need to make a paper trail show of effort, and
       | worst impact is a transactional cost-of-business fine, or an
       | unflattering news cycle. Other rule violations could dethrone a
       | CEO, or even send them to prison.)
       | 
       | * Would the organization actually love to get away with violating
       | that rule, when the right individual comes along to execute it
       | without getting caught? (Say, some very lucrative financial
       | scheme that's disallowed by regulations.)
       | 
       | * How aligned is the manager with the organization wrt the rules
       | in question? (Say, the company actually really doesn't want
       | people to violate this one rule, but a manager gets bonuses and
       | promotions when their reports have the advantage of breaking the
       | rule.)
       | 
       | Depending on those answers, a manager's claim of "Doing what it
       | takes to get the job done!" can sound very different.
        
       | rblatz wrote:
       | Anecdotally I've heard from professional athletes that steroid
       | use is actually liked by coaches because it gives them better
       | control over the locker room. If someone becomes an issue in the
       | locker room, guess who is getting randomly selected for testing
       | without a heads up warning.
        
         | sudoshred wrote:
         | Similar thinking applies in other fields as well I am sure.
        
           | xdavidliu wrote:
           | yep, the concept is more general than steroids and often goes
           | by terms like "blackmail" or "leverage"
        
       | nitwit005 wrote:
       | With sports, I'd just assume they were told to break the rules.
       | They aren't breaking the rules their employer set, but the rules
       | of the sports league.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | You cant break rules yourself. But you sure can "scold" a rule
       | breaker and then claim credit when they never break rules again.
       | 
       | 90% of my best bosses just tanked the bad news when things went
       | wrong but otherwise loved it when you do your best to work around
       | the system.
        
       | jbmsf wrote:
       | If I have to make a rule, it's to prevent the worst people from
       | doing the worst things. If I have an opportunity to use my
       | judgement and you are neither doing the worst thing or someone I
       | consider the worst person, there's bound to be wiggle room.
        
       | thaumasiotes wrote:
       | > "We found that when people broke the rules, teams were less
       | likely to win games. Rule breaking hurts teams, despite the fact
       | that people in positions of power, or coaches, might look at the
       | rule breakers as people who are facilitating a better team,"
       | Wakeman said. "The big caveat is that this is correlational, not
       | causational."
       | 
       | This is a really surprising piece of commentary considering the
       | finding in the _immediately prior paragraph_ :
       | 
       | > Different situations had different effects on coaches'
       | assessments of penalized players. Their generally favorable views
       | [were] absent during winning streaks.
       | 
       | So the thought process here is, _first_ we observe that coaches
       | like fouls when the team is losing, and don 't like them when the
       | team is winning. And _then_ we say that the coaches must be
       | misguided (unless there 's some kind of bias in the sample, but
       | come on, look at the data) because teams committing a lot of
       | fouls are doing worse than teams that aren't.
        
       | seeknotfind wrote:
       | Here's the dangerous way I put it that I only tell senior people:
       | understand why rules were made and make sure the people who made
       | them would be happy.
        
         | nearting wrote:
         | > Here's the dangerous way I put it that I only tell senior
         | people: understand why rules were made and make sure the people
         | who made them would be happy.
         | 
         | If you aren't absolutely sure those senior people know what
         | they're doing, the this is a great way to end up with
         | originalism.
        
           | achierius wrote:
           | Frankly, most corporations do not last long enough for this
           | to be a problem. Governments are their own issue, but without
           | the political inertia and staying power of a nation-state,
           | your organization will likely be long dead (or at least
           | irrelevant and dying) before interpretations will drift
           | _that_ far. Most of the time, for most engineers, at least
           | some of the people who made these rules in the first place
           | are still around -- which helps ensure that nothing drifts
           | too too far.
           | 
           | Of course there are exceptions, probably even upwards of 20%
           | of the time, but we're talking generalities.
        
         | chias wrote:
         | I saw this put really, really well not too long ago:
         | 
         | > A lot of us got the message earlier in life that we had to
         | wait for other's permission or encouragement to do things, when
         | in fact, all you need is the ability to understand the
         | situation and deal with the consequences
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | So fun to see other variations of this. I have for a while
           | said
           | 
           | > You never need permission to do a good job.
           | 
           | But of course, it takes the experience to understand the
           | nuances of what a good job is in the domain at hand, in the
           | organisation and society at hand.
        
             | darkwater wrote:
             | > You never need permission to do a good job.
             | 
             | If you don't mind, I will steal this one.
        
               | jalict wrote:
               | Love the irony of this post.
        
             | corytheboyd wrote:
             | I'm sure there's a flashy way to say it, but yours reminds
             | me of this one:
             | 
             | > Only ask for permission if you want to be told "no"
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | The one I'm familiar with is:
           | 
           | > It's better to ask for forgiveness than permission.
           | 
           | Of course this can be used to justify all sorts of terrible
           | things, but I've mainly seen it as pretty innocent in work
           | environments when applying common sense.
        
         | _fat_santa wrote:
         | As a manager the way I approach rules with my reports is I
         | always tell them to understand the "chesterton's fence" behind
         | any rule. I looks at rules like business logic in code, the
         | "logic" was added there for a reason but there are often edge
         | cases where that logic does not apply. I don't tell my reports
         | to either break or follow any particular rule, but to
         | understand why that rule is there before they decide if they
         | need to either follow or break it.
         | 
         | And from personal experience i find that when you give people
         | that level of autonomy, they will almost always approach what I
         | told them about rule breaking in good faith.
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | at a former startup the vp of eng liked to say "there are rules
       | then there's enforcement of the rules"
        
       | madrox wrote:
       | As a supervisor I didn't resonate with this until I remembered in
       | some jobs I have communicated the company attendance policy but
       | didn't enforce it unless someone was a poor performer. I trust
       | adults to manage their own time until they give me a reason to
       | believe otherwise.
       | 
       | For my part, I'd rather trust people's judgment and intrinsic
       | motivation than enforce the rules. Enforcement is annoying,
       | tedious, and distracting to my mission. However once I decide
       | their judgement can't be trusted I use rules to extrinsically
       | motivate them.
        
         | heymijo wrote:
         | And while this works for you, labor and employment attorneys
         | use your non-standard application of the rules as a way to win
         | lawsuits when brought against the company. Another way we end
         | up with annoying, tedious, and distracting compliance (U.S.
         | based take here).
        
           | madrox wrote:
           | A very fair and reasonable point
        
       | mmazing wrote:
       | What has really come with experience and what has made me a great
       | software engineer is knowing when rules matter, when to bend
       | where to make things move more quickly.
       | 
       | I prefer forgiveness over permission ...
        
       | __turbobrew__ wrote:
       | Being mission focused can help in this regard. Knowing what you
       | are trying to do and why you are trying to do it can guide you
       | when to break the rules. This requires you to understand the
       | business/organization and how the organization works. If a rule
       | was set up to protect the company from breaking the law, you do
       | not break those rules (unless you work in finance). If a rule was
       | set up because someone with bad judgment did something dumb in
       | the past which caused a snafu, make sure you aren't being dumb.
       | 
       | If you aren't sure if you are being dumb or not, you are probably
       | dumb. If you are sure you are not dumb, you are probably dumb. If
       | you think you may not be dumb, you may in fact not be dumb.
        
       | hobs wrote:
       | Every job I have worked, there's the rules, and the actual rules.
       | The rules are what is written down, the actual rules is what is
       | enforced.
       | 
       | If the company wants you out or considers you low value/high
       | maintenance, they use the rules. If the company likes you, they
       | use the actual rules. If you are on the promotion track, they use
       | the actual rules.
       | 
       | Also, it turns out the actual rules actually have serious
       | revisions as you go up the corporate ladder - things that would
       | get you fired might not get your boss fired, and definitely wont
       | get the CFO fired.
        
       | hyfgfh wrote:
       | Dont add Elon Musk quotes to any serious thing please
        
       | yi_xuan wrote:
       | The key is understanding the purpose of the rules, its pros and
       | cons, and recognizing the impact of your behavior, both its
       | benefits and harm, considering the feelings of others at the same
       | time. That's essential and most challenging part - the part that
       | requires wisdom.
        
       | terramars wrote:
       | "We found that when people broke the rules, teams were less
       | likely to win games."
       | 
       | This seems like a prima facie bad conclusion to their hockey
       | study, considering that the Panthers won the cup while being
       | effectively tied for the lead in penalty minutes, with #3 not
       | being particularly close. Yes there's a weak correlation between
       | penalties and losing, but considering that the absolute best
       | teams usually have a high rat index, there's a big lost
       | opportunity to go into the rat factor in hockey and how it
       | translates to the corporate world!
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | Supervisors might let it slide if the organization's rules (that
       | they didn't make or don't necessarily agree with) are broken.
       | 
       | Supervisors will care if their own unofficial rules are broken.
       | 
       | If you have a supervisor, pay attention to their own personal set
       | of rules more than the org rules.
        
       | Aeolun wrote:
       | Most people will gloss over the fact you broke a few rules to get
       | there when the end result is good.
       | 
       | Especially in large organizations, all rules exist for plausible
       | deniability.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | As one of my friends used to joke: "rules are for other people".
       | 
       | I live in a place that loves rules (Germany) and I come from one
       | (Netherlands) that has people like I just quoted taking a more
       | relaxed attitude to rules. Being pragmatic about rules and not
       | placing blind trust in them is key to being able to adapt to
       | changing circumstances.
       | 
       | Germany is having a hard time adjusting to modern times. It's
       | something that's being complained about a lot in the country. The
       | topic of "Digitization" (capitalized, because that's a German
       | grammar rule) has been a topic in elections for the last 20 years
       | or so. They can't do it. There are rules that say that only paper
       | signatures are valid. Never mind that this rule has been
       | challenged, relaxed, etc. They stubbornly revert to doing
       | everything on paper. It's infuriatingly stupid. You get this
       | whole ritual of people printing paper, handing out copies, and
       | insisting it's all done in person. I get plenty of docusign
       | documents to sign as well these days. So I know that this
       | perfectly acceptable. For official documents for the tax office
       | even (via my accountant). It's fine. This rule no longer applies.
       | But try explaining that to Germans.
       | 
       | Breaking rules when they stop making sense and don't apply to
       | changed circumstances is a sign of intelligence. Supervisors
       | can't foresee all circumstances and they like people that can
       | think for themselves that can adjust and follow the spirit of the
       | rule rather than the letter of the rule.
        
       | a_c wrote:
       | Rules are like abstraction of a software library, or OKR of a
       | team. It is for people to follow with good enough result. But the
       | abstraction need to be constantly reviewed, by library author,
       | team leader, and legislative body to be useful and relevant.
       | That's when rules become outdated, library got rotten, and OKRs
       | complained
        
       | AngryData wrote:
       | Of course they do, if someone below them break the rules and make
       | more money, they profit. And if that same person then breaks the
       | rules again but makes a mistake or loses money, they will use the
       | rule breaking as an excuse to shed both inter-political and legal
       | liability from themselves onto the lower employee with the excuse
       | that they broke the rules.
        
       | newsclues wrote:
       | productivity (making money) is better than following rules
       | 
       | unless your break rules that negatively impact productivity
       | 
       | This is why businesses will break laws when fines are less than
       | profits.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | I can't work under more than three layers of management, largely
       | because I've found that to be the practical maximum of managers
       | who will care more about my results than whether I'm following
       | the inefficient set of rules laid down when the target results
       | were different.
       | 
       | I don't think this is a _problem,_ exactly. It just means I 'm
       | the kind of person who works much better in startups than mega
       | corps. I can't _not_ notice all the ways poorly made rules get in
       | the way of getting things done, but once we hit the fourth layer
       | of management, at least one of them WILL be the kind of manager
       | who has gotten ahead in their career by writing and enforcing
       | rules.
       | 
       | All that means is that the company has grown to the point that
       | it's time for me to move on to the next project.
       | 
       | (And before anybody asks, of course there are _some_ rules that
       | are incredibly important. Many of them are codified as laws. Most
       | of the rest would bring down the company. If I 'm not willing to
       | work within _those_ rules, the _company_ is the wrong fit for me
       | from the start, regardless of size.)
        
       | taway789aaa6 wrote:
       | What's with the random musky quote shoved in there...
        
       | AllegedAlec wrote:
       | David Snowden does/did a lot of talks about these, how hard rules
       | break catastrophically and you need systems of constraints with
       | flexible rules which have rules baked in about when and how you
       | can break the rules.
       | 
       | Worth looking up the talks they have on youtube. Just be prepared
       | to hear the same few anecdotes 50 times.
        
       | Artoooooor wrote:
       | I hate when I rely on others following the rules and they screw
       | me over by breaking them. We had "focus hours" at work. They
       | would have been amazing if not for some special individuals that
       | decide it's OK to waste my 15 minutes to save their 10. Now we
       | don't have focus hours. Or we should document everything on wiki.
       | But why do it when better "documentation" is "ask A". And A is on
       | vacation. That's why I despise rule breakers, they almost always
       | make someone's life worse. And that someone else follows the
       | rules. Rules should be for everybody or nobody.
        
         | banannaise wrote:
         | When someone tries to schedule a meeting during my focus hours,
         | I decline it.
         | 
         | When someone DMs me about an issue they should post in the
         | support channel, I link them to the support channel. If they
         | insist, I link them to it again, and I inform my team not to
         | respond to DMs from that person.
         | 
         | Do not engage with people who think their time is more
         | important than yours; if you do, insist on wasting their time
         | in equal amounts.
        
       | billy99k wrote:
       | They prefer rule breakers because rigidly following the rules
       | means things won't get done on time in almost all cases.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | Yes and no. A more extreme example of this is the US Army's
       | Mission Command Philosophy.
       | 
       | The yes part:
       | 
       | Leaders like velocity and don't want rules to slow people down.
       | Rules exist for a reason, because somebody in the past has fucked
       | it up for the rest of us. Leadership still wants goal
       | accomplishment in the shortest time frame and at the cheapest
       | cost, though. The US Army baked this into the cornerstone of
       | their leadership approach more than 20 years. The central concept
       | is for a leader to tell their people at set of goals and then
       | release their people into the wild and figure it out on their
       | own. This provides flexibility with minimal constraints, which is
       | especially important in a rapidly changing environment of fluid
       | changes where the senior leader has outdated information.
       | 
       | Its also why corporate leadership doesn't discourage working on
       | personal code projects if that value comes back to the
       | organization.
       | 
       | The no part:
       | 
       | Leaders, at least the non-toxic ones, don't want to cannibalize
       | their people. Even if rules are not important ethics certainly
       | are. Good leaders don't want narcissistic assholes rotting the
       | organization from the inside even if it does mean higher
       | velocity. If your organization reaches a market milestone first
       | but everybody has left the organization then its purely a Pyrrhic
       | victory and the organization will still lose. This is why up to
       | 25% of flag officers in the US military are continually under
       | investigation at any time.
       | 
       | In the corporate world this is crystal clear when you look at
       | your leadership and your peers. Are they primarily interested in
       | releasing a product or reaching an organizational goal or are
       | they primarily interested in their place within the organization
       | or the appearance of relationships.
        
       | ike2792 wrote:
       | In any large organization, there are basically two classes of
       | rules: 1) stupid red tape rules that slow everyone down and 2)
       | really important rules that you can never break ever. Effective
       | people learn which rules fall into which group so they can break
       | the red tape rules and get more stuff done.
        
         | Zak wrote:
         | This study seems to be focused on breaking rules imposed on the
         | organization by external entities, not rules the organization
         | created independently to support its own objectives.
         | 
         | Supervisors aligned with an organization's goals likely often
         | view such external rules with contempt. It's not surprising
         | they tolerate or support rule breaking as long as they believe
         | it won't be punished externally.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _study seems to be focused on breaking rules imposed on the
           | organization by external entities_
           | 
           | Those rules similarly fall into traffic tickets and murder
           | charges.
        
         | andruby wrote:
         | That's a rather binary view and I disagree that rules always
         | fall in either category.
         | 
         | Knowing _why_ a rule exists and what it's trying to
         | prevent/achieve is much more valuable in my opinion. Wether or
         | not to follow or bend a rule depends so much on the context.
        
           | martinsnow wrote:
           | Your argument circles back to the posters point. Knowing
           | which rule you can break at a specific point in time. Why are
           | you being so anal about it?
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | I think it's a worthwhile addition to highlight there is 3)
             | rules which are sometimes red tape and sometimes to be
             | broken, on top of the other 2 categories. It adds on to the
             | original point with the addition of how to universally
             | discover what the categories are rather than prescribe them
             | up front.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | To add to that, #3 is often explicitly encoded into the
               | red tape as an escape hatch for foreseeable exceptional
               | circumstances like disaster recovery and big client
               | emergencies.
        
         | gweinberg wrote:
         | I disagree. I think it's more like the rules are there for a
         | reason, but most of them can be broken if there is a good
         | enough reason.
        
       | RunSet wrote:
       | > While incompetence is merely a barrier to further promotion,
       | "super-incompetence" is grounds for dismissal, as is "super-
       | competence". In both cases, "they tend to disrupt the hierarchy."
       | One specific example of a super-competent employee is a teacher
       | of children with special needs: they were so effective at
       | educating the children that, after a year, they exceeded all
       | expectations at reading and arithmetic, but the teacher was still
       | fired because they had neglected to devote enough time to bead-
       | stringing and finger-painting.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_principle#Summary_2
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > ...a teacher of children with special needs...fired...
         | 
         | Note that that example is from (at latest) the 1960's. These
         | days, at least in better-off areas, the parents of the affected
         | special needs kids would likely make life hell for the School
         | Board behind that firing.
         | 
         | More generally: If your super-competence is highly beneficial
         | to some folks further up the pecking order, that often takes
         | precedence.
        
       | Quarrelsome wrote:
       | This reminds me of the stories that Gary's economics shared with
       | his time at Citigroup which corroborates some of the stories my
       | dad had as an accountant in investment firms.
       | 
       | That is, a lot of dicey stuff happens and management tends to
       | only care about the results and intentionally places the
       | responsibility on the traders by operating a very loose leash.
       | This is combined with a % based commission which encourages rule
       | breaking, given how high the rewards can be. The loose leash
       | means when something bad is discovered (and this was the sort of
       | thing my dad would uncover as an accountant) supervisors had this
       | plausible deniability they could fall back on. This meant they
       | could reap the rewards of positive returns while mitigating the
       | blowback on them in the worst case outcomes.
       | 
       | Gary specifically shared a story when he tried to quit in that he
       | was threatened with an investigation to dredge up all the bad
       | stuff he'd done in order to be one of the more successful
       | traders, which ultimately ended up as a big nothing burger as he
       | didn't break any rules to get his returns. What was telling, was
       | the assumption that they _would_ find something to use a cudgel
       | to keep him there, as if it was almost expected.
        
       | mrdoops wrote:
       | The important thing is to know fundamentally "why" a rule exists
       | and what goal / organizational objective it's existence and
       | constraints provides. Then breaking it can be productive if it
       | meets the same ends. This usually puts the rule breaker at
       | conflict with people in the organization who put adherence to
       | process higher in priority than the actual organizational goals.
        
       | RazorDev wrote:
       | The paper raises important concerns about the social impacts of
       | large language models. However, it fails to acknowledge the
       | significant work being done to mitigate risks and align AI
       | systems with human values. Continued research and responsible
       | development practices will be critical as these technologies
       | advance.
        
       | heisenbit wrote:
       | Breaking rules by subordinates frees supervisors from properly
       | delegating power (implies taking responsibility for the
       | delegation) or changing the rules (again taking responsibility).
       | It is a quite convenient stance - something works you win - it
       | fails not your fault.
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | Preprint:
       | https://www.celiamoore.com/uploads/9/3/2/1/9321973/wakeman_y...
       | 
       | A useful concept here is the 'incompleteness of contracts'
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomplete_contracts):
       | essentially, even for the simplest contract, it is impossible to
       | write down an unambiguous set of rules or contract terms covering
       | every possible outcome or disagreement. Contracts can only be
       | starting points. This is similar to the failure of GOFAI to turn
       | the world into symbolic rules: it may be possible in theory, but
       | not in practice. Anytime a principle hires an agent, they have to
       | leave a lot up to the agent, which is why we have principle-agent
       | problems. So what does that imply for any 'rule'? Well, that it
       | has to be wrong and destructive some of the time. (See also:
       | "work-to-rule strike" or sabotage.) This will be especially true
       | for rules imposed from the outside: if it's impossible for
       | individuals or organizations given a free hand to make perfect
       | rules that should always be followed, how on earth is some third
       | party, like the dead hand of a regulation from a century ago,
       | going to do so? So you _want_ your agents to break the rules...
       | but only, of course, when it 's a good thing to break the rules.
       | How do you know that? Well, if it was easy to do so cheaply, you
       | probably wouldn't have the rule in the first place! So in
       | practice, a lot of what happens is just this: if your agent
       | breaks the rules periodically and nothing bad happens, then they
       | probably were doing the right thing; and if your organization
       | encourages the right amount of rulebreaking, it will slightly
       | tend to do better than the ones which don't.
       | 
       | Of course, sometimes your agents weren't doing the right wrong
       | things, just the wrong wrong things, and you just normalized
       | their deviance which is going to explode in someone's face
       | eventually. That is of course true. But if you cherrypick just a
       | few sensational cases and treat them as if that was what
       | supervisors were trying to encourage, you implicitly are denying
       | that the lubricant of the world is often well-chosen rule-
       | breaking.
        
       | anthomtb wrote:
       | "If you ain't cheatin', you ain't tryin'"
       | 
       | Reminds me of an incident early in my career. I was developing
       | embedded software and needed an expensive, specialized signal
       | analyzer. Management refused to purchase or assign one to me. I
       | was stuck sharing with my lead, which was highly inconvenient for
       | both of us.
       | 
       | Well, turns out one of those analyzers was assigned to a guy
       | (Dave) about to retire. I wandered over to Dave's cube the day
       | after he left and sure enough, there is my much-needed analyzer.
       | It is poorly locked to a table leg by a rather long cable. So I
       | tilted up the table, slid the cable off the bottom of the leg,
       | lugged the analyzer to my office and enjoyed an relaxing
       | afternoon of debug.
       | 
       | I got a nice talking-to from management once they realized what
       | happened. And most importantly, became the new assignee of Dave's
       | analyzer.
        
       | crowcroft wrote:
       | In the short term rule breaking generally leads to better
       | productivity.
       | 
       | In the long term rule breakers can just job hop .
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | The relevant aphorism is 'everything is negotiable'
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-04-04 23:01 UTC)