[HN Gopher] Study finds solo music listening boosts social well-...
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Study finds solo music listening boosts social well-being
Author : PaulHoule
Score : 220 points
Date : 2025-03-31 22:25 UTC (4 days ago)
(HTM) web link (phys.org)
(TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
| tananan wrote:
| Study finds you enjoy doing things you like. If there's something
| you particularly like, you seem to enjoy it even more.
|
| If you are missing on some form of pleasure in your life,
| substituting it for another pleasure can help alleviate the pain.
|
| Woah.
| wobfan wrote:
| The study also explains that one feels less lonely when
| listening to their favourite music, which is kinda new to me. I
| mean, feeling better makes sense and is quite obvious, as you
| sarcastically say, but I wouldn't think that listening to music
| makes one feel less alone.
| jack_pp wrote:
| Depends, if you listen to Emo/sad/heartbreak songs you will
| probably feel much more lonely.
| odyssey7 wrote:
| The cause or the effect? I would actually guess no for the
| effect, since music preferences are associated with
| community membership.
| clcaev wrote:
| I wouldn't assume that sad songs make you more lonely. For
| someone dealing with grief, it may act as drug-free
| therapy. Perhaps deepened sorrow at first, but when one
| deals with grief, mental state and behavior can improve.
| basisword wrote:
| I think it's the opposite. Those songs are good because you
| find someone can relate to you and therefore you would feel
| less lonely. Maybe not less sad, but more connected.
| InsideOutSanta wrote:
| When I work from home, I usually listen to Sade, Brandy,
| Monica, Faith Evans, and similar music. Although the music
| is often about heartbreak, it doesn't make me sad. I find
| it calming.
| jjulius wrote:
| I listen to sad songs with great regularity and jam the
| hell out to the sheer musicianship within, actually.
| metalman wrote:
| :) pleasure is the gateway experience into enjoying yourself
| neuroticnews25 wrote:
| I wonder if it may be beneficial even if you're not naturally
| willing to do it, similar to how introverts feel better after
| acting extroverted [0] [1]
|
| [0] https://archive.is/Ipdxc
|
| [1]
| https://online.ucpress.edu/collabra/article/7/1/29931/119109...
| RajT88 wrote:
| I used to live near a nice downtown with a riverwalk. I liked
| to take my guitar and go play under the bridge at night. The
| bridge was concrete and the reverb was crazy good. (Does that
| make me a troll? A troll posting on the internet??)
|
| I found it terribly soothing. Sometimes I'd bring a friend with
| and we'd play together.
| bluGill wrote:
| I assume you listened for kids walking over the bridge and
| then jumped up "Who is trip tropping over my bridge". One of
| my favorite actives, and done right the kids laugh (don't get
| too close or do anything else that would make the kids
| scared!)
| RajT88 wrote:
| This was Naperville, IL. So that kind of behavior is very
| risky.
|
| You could get sued for 10 million dollars. Or these days,
| deported to Aurora.
| seplox wrote:
| You just reminded me of one of my favorite Tony Joe White
| songs, so thanks!
|
| Tony Joe White - Even Trolls Love Rock and Roll
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fJMNJTEhuw
| pearlsontheroad wrote:
| I wonder if the positive effect is also associated with a sense
| of autonomy and control of the environment.
| singularity2001 wrote:
| This is one of the cases I call reality mismatch:
|
| Through evolution we have been programmed to associate music with
| security of the group being nearby. Now we can listen to music
| even though the group is very distant in time and space. Maybe
| it's not a complete reality mismatch because in a sense we are
| still close to the group through the Internet.
|
| However the positive feelings are over exaggerated given the
| limited modern benefits.
| scop wrote:
| That's a fascinating take. Music until very recently was indeed
| an incredibly social activity bound with layers of talent,
| leisure (purpose/meaning/security), belonging, etc.
|
| As people have been chatting about the Metaverse or AR I often
| quip that we've already had AR for awhile: headphones.
|
| The ubiquitous of AirPods, even amongst employees _on the
| clock_ in recent years, has only reinforced my belief that we
| are already deep down the AR rabbit hole and seeing both the
| positive and negative effects. Augmented reality is great, but
| we still need to be grounded and able to act within reality.
| It's the reality that must be our base, not the augmented part.
| The augmented should serve to improve reality, not replace.
| cryptopian wrote:
| One of the most enjoyable musical experiences I had recently
| was on a choir exchange in Europe. We were at a concert
| afterparty with choirs from two other countries, exchanging
| drunken folk songs. Were we pleasant to listen to? Probably
| not. It was raucous and out of tune, but it was a bunch of
| people sharing something we loved.
| moritzruth wrote:
| That sounds beautiful.
| em-bee wrote:
| i had a similar experience in scouting. german scouting has
| a strong singing tradition to the point that there are
| regular competitions that attract groups from all over
| europe. also camps where multiple groups meet. imagine your
| after party experience every night for multiple days, maybe
| even a week or two.
| scop wrote:
| Singing in adult choirs has been one of my most spiritually
| and socially rewarding activities. You really feel a
| brother in arms with your fellow singers. Perhaps it is
| because singing is such an embarrassing activity in
| isolation, but then the sheer force of all the voices come
| together to make something of such power and beauty that
| you are incapable of replicating yourself. I'll never
| forget the tenors I sang Faures Requiem or Beethoven 9th
| with.
| volkl48 wrote:
| We created office jobs that required sustained individual
| focus.
|
| The traditional (high-walled) cube farm may be ugly, but it's
| also one where an employee could often work at their desk
| with relatively few distractions. If you're not going to
| build private offices, they're not that awful of a compromise
| for enabling focus.
|
| Then in the past decade or two, we had the open-office trend,
| and changed the office to one full of endless visual and
| auditory distractions making focus difficult.
|
| Employees wearing headphones at work is an obvious attempt by
| many to reduce the distractions that bad office design has
| created.
| em-bee wrote:
| i thought it is comparable to talking to my friends online
| instead of in person. in my case those friends are on a
| different continent. i do have local fiends too, but talking to
| my online friends is what keeps me connected to my the place
| where i grew up. (even though these friends are not from that
| time)
|
| interestingly, as someone who plays an instrument, i don't
| enjoy just listening to music as much because i'd rather play
| with friends
| brudgers wrote:
| Some people don't have strong bonds with groups and some people
| don't have experiences where identifiable groups were a source
| of security.
|
| This is the experience of outsiders. People without tribe.
| There choice is not between bread and cake, but between bread
| and an empty belly.
| s1artibartfast wrote:
| To be honest, I dont have a lot of time for complaints from
| such people. Maybe I am one, but the solution is to go live
| in a cabin and bake your own bread, not sit at the table
| looking for sympathy.
| wiether wrote:
| That seems to be an extreme reaction?
|
| They were just stating the reality of some people that
| don't necessarily chose to feel how they feel...
| s1artibartfast wrote:
| That wasn't my reading. It was the bread or death part
| that did for me.
|
| To me it seemed like melodramatic self pity, like the
| person complain that they had no other choice but go to
| the party but be alone. If someone hates company, they
| should go be a hermit, not show up and tell everyone
| about it.
|
| It's okay to be a loner or a hermit. If you're not doing
| it, then either you are choosing the trade offs or you
| don't actually want it.
|
| People should own their choices. Self pity and denial of
| agency are two of the most self destructive cognitive
| phenomenon.
| brudgers wrote:
| _That wasn 't my reading_
|
| Indeed, it was your misreading.
| s1artibartfast wrote:
| Sure seemed melodramatic to me. care to explain the
| choice between bread and an empty belly in a way that
| isn't intended to garner sympathy? It is a pretty loaded
| metaphor.
| DrillShopper wrote:
| There are a lot of things that I find wrong with Spotify, but
| one of the features it does have that I have found helpful is a
| feature where you can listen along using what Spotify calls a
| Jam:
|
| > Friends who join a Jam can listen and add songs to the queue
| together, whether in-person or virtually.
|
| > Note: Premium is needed to start and host a Jam. Free users
| can join and add songs to a Jam hosted by a Premium user,
| allowing for in-person Jams. This feature works also with smart
| speakers and most Bluetooth speakers.
|
| I've used this with online friends, and it's really good. If
| you use a voice chat app (we usually use Mumble) you can even
| talk while the music plays.
| hackable_sand wrote:
| Did you mean to say "performance" instead of "music"?
|
| Either way, this sounds like vague popsci reasoning.
| Pixelious wrote:
| Another study that states obvious facts. Of course listening to
| music boosts your well-being, heck, doing anything you enjoy
| doing tends to do so.
| tonytamps wrote:
| Not sure if your response was deliberately obtuse or not, but
| in case it was accidental I wanted to point out that you may
| have missed a key word - "social" well-being.
|
| It's one thing if listening to music makes you feel good, but
| another completely if listening makes you more capable of
| socialising. This may be more important for others than it is
| for you.
| tananan wrote:
| You are reading into something that isn't there. The study
| doesn't have to do with music making you more capable of
| socializing.
|
| The hypothesis being tested is that in the absence of social
| interaction, people will turn to surrogates in order to make
| up for the perceived lack. Specifically, they test if music
| can be such a surrogate. They do some surveys and a kind of
| silly experiment to provide evidence that yes- it can.
|
| The reason it is rightly called pointless is that it brings
| nothing actionable to the table.
|
| You cannot extract advice from showing evidence for a common-
| sense observation: If you feel a certain lack, activities you
| find pleasurable can diminish that lack.
|
| And look at the experimental setup: They make people play an
| online game with others where certain people are excluded
| from playing. It turns out that people who are hyped from
| listening to their favorite song found this less jarring,
| hence showing that music can be a "social buffer", i.e. make
| up for a perceived social exclusion.
|
| Let everyone individually conclude how insightful this
| experiment is.
|
| EDIT: Misunderstood the nature of the "Cyberball" experiment,
| fixed
| bluGill wrote:
| Until it doesn't. It is an obvious fact that a heavy rock will
| fall faster than a light rock. Only because you have been
| taught otherwise for all your life do you realize it isn't a
| fact even though it is obvious.
| FollowingTheDao wrote:
| "This study was funded in part by the International Coalition of
| Headphone Manufactures."
|
| But seriously, "Music as a social surrogate"? How is this good?
| What we need is to fix the social structure, not find out ways to
| compensate for the miserable state we are in.
|
| From https://www.utica.edu/college-community/utica-
| stories/fillin...
|
| "In terms of social needs, we have a social fuel tank. This tank
| helps us understand if we are able to get to our destination--the
| destination being positive mental health outcomes, like feeling
| satisfied with our lives, having positive self-image, and feeling
| accepted by others. The problem is that past measures used in
| psychology research only tell us how much fuel is in the tank--
| not what types of fuel are in the tank, or how much of each type
| of fuel is in there.
|
| In this study, the measure that I created helps researchers
| understand what types of fuel are in the tank, and how much of
| each type of fuel is in the tank, that is leading to those
| outcomes. It gives us a better idea of what is going on to help
| people get those positive outcomes."
| JKCalhoun wrote:
| Maybe others will relate? I'm not a headphone person but always
| have music playing in the background on speakers -- often at a
| fairly low volume so it is easily ignored, talked over.
|
| I find without the presence of external music I will have a song
| playing in my head instead. And generally the same song for hours
| (!). So I suppose the external click-track freezes up my mind
| somehow.
|
| In case anyone cares, my "playlist" is local music I've purchased
| over the decades -- maybe 4 or 5 days long? In my "lab" (man-
| cave, I suppose) I have a shorter, streamed playlist on the
| stereo that is looping over new music that I am currently
| "auditioning". The songs that make the cut are purchased and
| added eventually to the local playlist that plays elsewhere.
| Novosell wrote:
| As another music-purchaser, it's annoying how difficult it is
| to buy FLAC releases of bigger artists.
| JKCalhoun wrote:
| Yeah, since I prefer Bandcamp and, as you say, the bigger
| artists are not there, I end up buying shitty MP3s from
| Amazon for their songs.
|
| So I end up with real high quality Japanese Breakfast and
| MP3-quality Pixies.
| Novosell wrote:
| Aye, bandcamp is the go-to. It's funny that the further
| production gets from someones bedroom the less likely you
| are to be able to buy a lossless version. All that
| production for a 192kbps MP3...
| skydhash wrote:
| You can try qobuz and 7digital.
| piperswe wrote:
| For big artists, I tend to just go to my local record store,
| pick up a CD, and rip it when I get home.
| csdvrx wrote:
| For albums, I recommend supraphonline.cz: https://www.supra
| phonline.cz/vyhledavani/alba/maingenre.1-ve...
| saint_yossarian wrote:
| hdtracks.com has a pretty big catalog, but is sometimes a bit
| expensive.
| edu wrote:
| And buying the CD and ripping it?
| maeil wrote:
| > I find without the presence of external music I will have a
| song playing in my head instead. And generally the same song
| for hours (!).
|
| I have this, but then for days. It's not fun. Sleeping a lot
| helps, to an extent.
| crent wrote:
| I'm glad you shared your experience because I've dealt with
| this for decades. It's usually a small snippet, 15 seconds or
| less, of a song that just loops over and over for me.
|
| What I do to combat this, and other "brain noise", is also to
| listen to music but I use headphones with high volume. I also
| listen to the same playlist repeatedly so it's not distracting
| and instead quiets that loud part of my brain to allow me to
| focus.
| threecheese wrote:
| Same. It's five seconds of "Yankee Doodle Dandy" looping over
| and over and makes me want to crawl inside a blaring tuba to
| drown it out.
|
| When people mention "intrusive thoughts" this is what comes
| to my mind.
| jaymzcampbell wrote:
| I'm relieved to know from reading this thread I'm not
| completely crazy. I have the same thing, a very, very short
| snippet just repeatedly "playing". I become very conscious of
| it at various moments and try to "change the track" to some
| other repeated snippet. I've yet to find a pattern to which
| track is next.
| thewebguyd wrote:
| Same, but instead of the same playlist I'll put the same song
| on repeat while working. It really does quiet the mind and
| lets me focus.
| chrisweekly wrote:
| Same. I posted upthread about my flowstate playlist,
| optimized for tracks to put on repeat for focus.
|
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43585365
| chrisweekly wrote:
| Strong recommendation to use noise-cancelling instead of high
| volume. Hearing loss sucks! Protect your ears!
| sph wrote:
| In the past few years, getting songs stuck in my head
| (earworms) has become so easy I pretty much don't listen to
| music with vocals anymore. Only ambient, techno and psytrance
| for me. (Pop I imagine would be the absolute worst, lab
| engineered to be memorable)
|
| I'm certain the DSM-5 might list that as a symptom of going
| crazy or whatever, but I don't care to know, I guess it's a new
| quirk of mine. That said, I truly dislike having neighbours
| practicing an instrument, which means having to suffer the same
| tune for far too long, and it getting stuck in my head for 2
| more days.
| encom wrote:
| This can be associated with ADHD. Guess how I know.
| globnomulous wrote:
| > In the past few years, getting songs stuck in my head
| (earworms) has become so easy I pretty much don't listen to
| music with vocals anymore. Only ambient, techno and psytrance
| for me. (Pop I imagine would be the absolute worst, lab
| engineered to be memorable)
|
| Same. This is partly why SomaFM (esp. Space Station Soma,
| Drone Zone, and Mission Control) and soundtracks are my jam.
|
| I think it's also partly why I can't stand Vivaldi or Hiromi.
| Vivaldi writes classical pop -- so heavy on melody that it
| may as well be choral. It's easy to sing, and sounds like
| song, so it gets stuck in the ear. Hiromi, in turn, plays the
| piano quite literally like she's singing (honestly, I think
| she's a musical acrobat with no feel for the piano as an
| instrument), which results in ear worms for the same reason.
|
| Bill Evans, by contrast, is so chock full of harmonic
| complexity and color that it's physically impossible to sing
| along with him. I never tire of him. Same for Wayne Shorter
| and Bach, though for different reasons.
|
| And I just realized that this is probably partly why I hate
| musical theater so fervently.
| recursive wrote:
| I have music stuck in my head more or less constantly. It's
| never bothered, and I'm kind of surprised to find all the
| remedies suggested here. For me, instrumental music is no
| different from vocal music. It can be a riff from a solo, a
| chord change, an interesting timbre, or pretty much any
| sound. Sometimes I think they're not from songs that have yet
| been recorded. Just the imagination of sounds that turn over
| and over. I've always kind of liked it. I'm a musician
| myself, and I think it helps me think of old music in new
| ways.
| StefanBatory wrote:
| Same for me; I can get songs stuck in my head too easily.
| pknopf wrote:
| I'm exactly like this.
|
| I have a OneWheel that I use to get around, and a JBL speaker.
| I legit listen to music in Publix isles, dancing, vibing, all
| day, every day.
|
| I'm known around my neighborhood as "the speaker guy".
|
| If I don't have music playing, I'm usually finger
| drumming/tapping/bobbing my head anyway.
| aerostable_slug wrote:
| > JBL speaker
|
| On behalf of everyone else in the world, please invest in
| headphones.
|
| Broadcasting in this way is boorish and the kind of thing
| emotionally stunted people do to inflict their will upon
| others. I'm not saying you're necessarily like that, but
| you're 'wearing their uniform' so to speak.
| velp wrote:
| Being known as "the speaker guy" isn't a compliment.
|
| Also, do a kickflip.
| chrisweekly wrote:
| I have a carefully-curated Spotify playlist -- "FLOWSTATE:
| Repeatable FTW"[1] -- that I specifically optimized for
| "flowstate" (/Cal Newport "deep work" sessions). The tracks
| span various moods or vibes, but all are strictly instrumental,
| w/ limited dynamic range or significant musical variation, and
| a steady, energizing beat -- ie they're each deliberately
| repetitive and work well set on repeat. Airpods in, pick a
| track that resonates w my mood, set it on repeat, set my
| Pomodoro timer (to remind me to stand and move instead of
| hyperfocus for hours straight), and I can reliably enter
| flowstate almost right away.
|
| 1. Here's the playlist if anyone's interested:
|
| https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6UScdOAlqXqWTOmXFgQhFA?si=...
| lgeorget wrote:
| I know many people who say they can't live without music,
| cannot work or just be around home without listening to
| something. I understand their experience but I can't relate at
| all. It's not that I don't like music or that I'm particularly
| sensitive to noise but I practically never listen to music I
| put myself. I feel like I could just live without it
| completely.
| bojan wrote:
| Since I have children I almost never listen to music. The
| kids are such a sensory overload that, when I get a moment of
| silence alone, I don't want to ruin it with sound.
| recursive wrote:
| I have kids. When I get a moment alone, I find that's a
| perfect opportunity to do some high quality listening
| without interruption.
| TechDebtDevin wrote:
| I'm like this but replace music with audiobooks/podcasts..
| SoftTalker wrote:
| For me it depends on my mood. Sometimes I like to have
| background music going, sometimes I enjoy silence.
| ecalifornica wrote:
| You might enjoy Oliver Sacks' book Musicophilia: Tales of Music
| and the Brain. You're not alone in your experience.
| qoez wrote:
| Study shows people relying on studies for common sense found less
| adept at independent thinking
| _fat_santa wrote:
| Just from personal experience, listening to music in the morning
| while I make my coffee is an essential part of my morning
| routing, to the point that I will be upset if I can't do it.
| hk1337 wrote:
| I wonder if it's a similar case with having tv shows running in
| the background? Music is often too stimulating for me but I like
| having the TV running in the background cycling through tv shows.
| Ylpertnodi wrote:
| Many years ago, I always used to have TV on whilst I did
| (composed) music. With YouTube (and others) nowadays, I still
| found myself doomscrolling, so I bought a digital TV tuner and
| have that in a window. Productivity up.
| jrmyphlmn wrote:
| if one's childhood had many instances of tv playing in the
| background, then I suspect it's their nervous system marking
| that environment as their most safe/comfortable environment and
| that revisiting it can have a soothing effect on them?
| autobodie wrote:
| Wonderful! I am increasingly drowning in debt, my career is a
| dead end thanks to AI, and my landlord is making my daily life a
| stressful misery, but I _can_ listen to music on my headphones.
| Thanks science!
| ssttoo wrote:
| Confusing title, I thought there was something special in solo
| music, e.g. pieces for one piano or a single classical guitar
| euvitudo wrote:
| My birds are much happier when music is playing. And they seem to
| have preferences over time. Like there are no predators around
| when the environment around them is noisy.
| khalladay wrote:
| Though I found they like having control over whether the music
| is playing more... to my chagrin. I tried to keep my parrot
| from being too noisy through the day by setting up a microphone
| in his room, and having it turn off the radio for 30 seconds
| every time he was louder than a threshold amount.
|
| Day one -> he triggered the shut down ~10 times. Day two ->
| easily 50. Day three -> you can see where this is going
|
| Dude freaking LOVED being able to turn on and off the radio. It
| almost beat out being able to flap his wings and make the
| curtains move as one of his favourite hobbies.
| chaosprint wrote:
| is there any good app to know local music event?
| 6stringmerc wrote:
| Yeah but having a CHOICE in the music typically plays an
| important role! I mean in jail the only free option Tarrant
| County offered was Christian music (rap and contemporary) and
| that stuff was actually irritating to me. I wasn't actively
| accessing it - I couldn't NOT hear it coming through the
| ventilation system.
|
| I wrote about how it's a form of indoctrination to exploit
| people's desire for something that they love yet only present a
| brainwashing oriented selection:
|
| https://samhenrycliff.medium.com/tarrant-county-sheriff-bill...
| jasondigitized wrote:
| https://somafm.com/player/#/now-playing/groovesalad is my well-
| being
| e40 wrote:
| Does nothing for me ("Play" does nothing) with uBO enabled in
| FF.
| tetris11 wrote:
| Works fine for me in Firefox for Android with uBO.
|
| The music is quite sparsely melodic though and easy to miss
| e40 wrote:
| Maybe because I'm not signed in? I disabled uBO and it
| still doesn't play. Hmm.
| ews wrote:
| SOMAFM's SF police radio with ambient music is surprisingly
| good for concentration, I have this on an alias in my box : mpv
| https://somafm.com/sf1033.pls
| dimal wrote:
| This is a cynical take, but I'm increasingly becoming tired of
| studies like this. Is this is where our science funding is going?
| It's clever, trite, and probably meaningless. I keep reading
| about the publish/perish problem in academia and how it
| encourages research that safe, slightly interesting, but not
| _too_ interesting, and doesn't move anything _forward_. This
| study seems to fit that criteria.
|
| And since it's behind a paywall, I can't really determine the how
| the study was designed, how well powered it is, how they defined
| statistical significance, and exactly how they justify their
| conclusion. But it got clicks and comments, so I guess it served
| its purpose, only to be quickly forgotten in endless churn of
| popular science news.
|
| I'm sad to say, I'm beginning to think that a lot of current
| science is bullshit. As a very pro-science person, this is very
| depressing.
| riyanapatel wrote:
| I can't argue that I really enjoy music as my working background
| noise. Something else unique is I enjoy listening to TV shows, or
| more, "noise". I usually put on a simple TV show I've seen before
| that doesn't need a lot of attention (Friends, the Office, New
| Girl, Big Bang Theory), that creates that background noise. It's
| like white noise to me :)
| SteelByte wrote:
| Fascinating research showing music's powerful social effects.
| Would be interesting to see if the results hold up across
| different demographics and cultures. Also curious about the
| neurological mechanisms at play - perhaps solo music activates
| brain regions involved in empathy and social bonding? Exciting
| implications for music therapy applications.
| bitwize wrote:
| I dunno, man, just from personal experience... I never went to
| raves back in the day, and only occasionally to clubs. With one
| exception I found the mobs of sweaty drunken (or otherwise
| intoxicated) people borderline intolerable. But sitting in my
| room with headphones on, blasting trance or other EDM... I feel
| swept up and part of something. It's also the best way for me to
| bro out lots of code, with that stuff pumping. It's like the
| rhythm provides guide-rails for my brain to keep it going a
| certain direction.
|
| The one exception? I once saw Armin Van Buuren do one of his
| legendary hours-long sets. That man is like the Pied Piper.
| Whatever energy the floor had before he came on was amplified a
| hundredfold and I just danced and danced, people be damned.
| stronglikedan wrote:
| If you want to know if this is for you, but you don't want to
| spend a lot of money, start with iems. It's quite the hobby, as
| well as education. It's very cheap and accessible to start off,
| while getting the full hi-fi music feeling. Of course, if you
| stick with it, it can get very expensive.
| ThinkBeat wrote:
| The study found that for people who are lonely or sad, listening
| to music helped them.
|
| Wow. How utterly expected.
|
| Next, they will do studies and find that people who are lonely or
| sad, are helped when they attend a concert with their favorite
| band.
|
| Or when they eat their favorite food.
|
| "After two years of studies, we conclude that people who are
| feeling lonely or sad, eating their favorite food gives them a
| boost and feel better".
|
| The metric that would be useful is "better" for how long?
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