[HN Gopher] A dramatic Einstein ring seen by Webb
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       A dramatic Einstein ring seen by Webb
        
       Author : programd
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2025-04-02 14:32 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | comrade1234 wrote:
       | Are diffraction spikes of light not present because everything in
       | the picture is a galaxy and not stars? Or do they remove them now
       | with processing?
       | 
       | Here's what I mean:
       | https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/01G529MX46J7...
        
         | danparsonson wrote:
         | "While all stars can create these patterns, we only see spikes
         | with the brightest stars when a telescope takes an image."
         | 
         | These distant galaxies are incredibly faint, so I imagine
         | that's the reason there are no obvious diffraction effects.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Yeah, the diffraction spikes in Webb/Hubble images are clues
           | that those stars are nearby within the Milky Way.
        
         | milleramp wrote:
         | Because the aperture isn't made up of nice straight edges.
        
       | rimeice wrote:
       | Can someone with the knowledge explain, is the close elliptical
       | galaxy actually just the small dot of light in the centre and the
       | spiral galaxy is behind it but dramatically magnified by the lens
       | effect?
        
         | danparsonson wrote:
         | Yes the elliptical galaxy is the fuzzy blob in the middle;
         | blended with the galaxy behind, it's difficult to see the
         | diffuse outer parts of it. I'm not sure how much the apparent
         | size of the spiral is affected by magnification, vs how much is
         | just relative size difference. I guess it would be useful to
         | know the distance between them.
        
           | rimeice wrote:
           | Wow I get the distances aren't shown, but still, the
           | magnification is impressive.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | Yep, although the elliptical galaxy also includes the diffuse
         | glow around the small dot of light.
         | 
         | The galaxy behind it is magnified, and also distorted.
        
       | throwawaymaths wrote:
       | this should be able to be used to test dark matter theories.
        
         | zehaeva wrote:
         | They're not collecting all of this data to make pretty
         | pictures, it's going to be used to test all sorts of theories.
         | Ones that explain Dark Matter as well.
         | 
         | (I do agree with Angela Collier, youtuber nee physicst, Dark
         | Matter is not a theory, it's an observation. We've looked out
         | into the universe and have seen something that we call Dark
         | Matter that our current theories don't match up with.)
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | it's a theory. when you present multiple observations just
           | the fact that you group them together is not a value-free
           | action and implies a common cause. calling it an observation
           | is a crude and philosophically improper attempt to elevate it
           | to a less refutable status.
        
             | zehaeva wrote:
             | This feels like you'd say that just because apples fall
             | from trees and a bowling ball falls in much the same way
             | when tossed off a building, that grouping those things
             | together implies a common cause and that we should call
             | that cause a theory because we aren't 100% certain that
             | they are caused by the same effect.
             | 
             | They could be two different reasons.
             | 
             | I do prefer Occom's razor for these things. We've seen a
             | bunch extremely large celestial objects move in ways that
             | our models cannot account for with the things that we can
             | see. Sure, there could be more than one thing out there
             | causing all of those extremely similar effects. But that's
             | far less likely than there just being one reason.
        
         | fatbird wrote:
         | This is, in fact, part of the support for Dark Matter, both
         | with galaxies (the amount of lensing requires the galaxy to
         | include a lot of Dark Matter) and between galaxies, where other
         | lensing effects occur that can only be explained by filaments
         | of Dark Matter between galaxies and galaxy clusters.
         | 
         | This is a great podcast, with episode 6 concentrating
         | specifically on Dark Matter and the evidence for it:
         | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/crash-course-pods-the-...
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | no. you can't say it's evidence for dark matter versus any
           | given other theory until after you have computed the expected
           | metrics created by any alternative theory.
           | 
           | in any case, you can't say it's support for dark matter in
           | this specific case without actually running the numbers (what
           | are the rotational speeds and what is the bending curvature)
           | 
           | dark matter halos must have a somewhat specific distribution
           | that goes beyond the perimeter of the visible galaxy itself.
           | 
           | however the more that i think about it this example is likely
           | to be unhelpful. the closer galaxy looks elliptical and most
           | dense elliptical galaxies "have no dark matter" (in basic
           | MOND this is a phenomenon that falls out if the gravity law).
           | We'd really need lensing from a more "normal" looking galaxy.
        
             | fatbird wrote:
             | I wasn't saying, as a layman, that this is evidence for
             | Dark Matter. I'm saying that the current thinking in
             | astrophysics is that this is evidence for Dark Matter.
             | Katie Mack, the astrophysicist in the podcast I linked,
             | _is_ a reknowned expert, and discusses how running the
             | numbers on exactly these things provides evidence for Dark
             | Matter, and how alternatives fail.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | then she is being misleading, at best. To date no
               | observed galaxies (versus galaxy clusters) have had the
               | arrangement (as is in this image) wherein the galaxy is
               | so perfectly in line with a background galaxy and close
               | enough to estimate the rotation curves (and the
               | background galaxy is of the right disposition to know if
               | dark matter halos extend beyond the galaxy and estimate
               | by how much space). Without both those factors it's
               | really difficult to do a proper correlation of dark
               | matter distribution around galaxies and the observed
               | light bending.
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | She does not specifially address this scenario. I offered
               | the link as a general dive into the evidence behind Dark
               | Matter as it relates to lensing.
               | 
               | I regret that now.
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | > _I regret that now._
               | 
               | I, on the other hand, am thankful for it. I love watching
               | Anton Petrov, PBS Space Time, and various other experts
               | and communicators in anything space-related. This looks
               | like a great podcast that slipped me by, so I appreciate
               | the link.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | https://esawebb.org/images/potm2503a/ ( _" Spying a spiral
       | through a cosmic lens"_)
       | 
       | https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/03/Webb_spies... (
       | _" Webb spies a spiral through a cosmic lens"_)
       | 
       | Some clarifying context not present in this OP (phys.org): this
       | is a composite of Hubble visible-light images with Webb data.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | Has someone come up with a way to de-warp an object seen as an
       | Einstein ring? I thought I had read someone doing this, but maybe
       | it was they were _trying_ to do this. Maybe it was during the
       | discussion on using Sol as a gravitational lens like this?? Seems
       | like some interesting math to put the image in TFA back into the
       | shape of a galaxy.
        
         | rf15 wrote:
         | Dewarping it mathematically should be fairly easy if the lens'
         | gravitational field is sufficiently uniform. Problem is more
         | the amount of detail we actually have in these pictures to
         | expand the most compressed parts.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I wonder if correctly dewarping would help get a measurement
           | of distance of the lensing object. Would that then be able to
           | help recalibrate/confirm our understood distances/scale/etc?
        
       | timdiggerm wrote:
       | > Of course, this image is only possible because of our vantage
       | point. Astronomers in other galaxies wouldn't catch such a
       | wondrous image.
       | 
       | Well no, but they probably would catch other wondrous images we
       | can't catch due to our vantage point.
        
       | kohbo wrote:
       | > beauty is not only in the eye of the beholder, but also where
       | that beholder is.
       | 
       | I love this
        
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