[HN Gopher] Coffea stenophylla: A forgotten bean that could save...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Coffea stenophylla: A forgotten bean that could save coffee from
       extinction
        
       Author : derbOac
       Score  : 147 points
       Date   : 2025-04-02 10:25 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | dbetteridge wrote:
       | https://youtu.be/iGL7LtgC_0I?si=V8vXK4QzF_lAfRjB
       | 
       | James Hoffman did an interesting episode on this bean a few years
       | ago, very cool the work being done.
        
       | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
       | What puzzles me about the reported birth of coffee is that I
       | wouldn't expect that just eating the cherries would give you that
       | much of a caffeine kick to be noticeable. Yes, there's a little
       | bit of caffeine in them, but far more in the "beans" (seeds).
        
         | loloquwowndueo wrote:
         | We're probably used to higher levels of caffeine now, but if we
         | weren't, maybe chewing the berries would give a noticeable
         | boost.
         | 
         | Kinda like ok you can eat a poppy but then there's a reason
         | morphine exists. (Sorry for the stupid analogy ;)
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | Tea also has noticeably less caffeine than coffee, yet it has
         | been treated as an energizing drink since it was first
         | discovered.
         | 
         | When you don't have any adrenal stimulants in your diet at all,
         | even a small amount is noticable.
         | 
         | Caffeine also has a metabolic half life of roughly 5 hours in
         | the body, if I remember correctly. A few berries might not do
         | much, but surely a handful will be enough.
        
           | jessekv wrote:
           | Tea leaves usually have more caffeine than coffee beans, but
           | tea itself is usually more diluted than coffee.
           | 
           | If you want a jolt, make a matcha shot with the same mass of
           | matcha as you would normally do for coffee ;)
        
             | fashion-at-cost wrote:
             | Or a traditional Mate
        
               | rwyinuse wrote:
               | Somehow caffeine from Mate feels different though. To me
               | coffee gives a fast spike and then comedown, while Mate's
               | effect is more balanced, and lasts longer. And I don't
               | think it's just caffeine content, because tea is nothing
               | like that for me.
               | 
               | For staying productive for hours, nothing beats Mate for
               | me (except stimulant medication).
        
           | Projectiboga wrote:
           | Tea bushes use an entirely different metabolic pathway to
           | produce caffeine than coffee bushes.
           | 
           | Here is an article that further describes how we believe
           | caffeine synthesis evolved in multiple land plant lineages.
           | 
           | https://www.pnas.org/content/113/38/10613
           | 
           | Caffeine synthesis involves several enzymes, but the enzyme
           | family (called the SABATH family) involved in the final
           | stages of its synthesis can trace its origins back to the
           | first land plants. These first enzymes are thought to have
           | been very promiscuous (capable of having activity with
           | several molecules), partially contributing to how caffeine
           | synthesis managed to evolve independently multiple times
           | throughout the evolutionary history of land plants.
        
           | hermitShell wrote:
           | This is why I routinely wean myself from coffee by drinking
           | tea on most holiday weekends. I feel it helps me to
           | dissociate less while I should be present with family, plus
           | when I return to work I have much less residual caffeine and
           | can hit peak productivity, crank out some code. Props to devs
           | who don't rely on drugs!
        
         | iteria wrote:
         | If you truly detox from caffeine even extremely small amounts
         | will be noticeable. I knew a woman who couldn't eat chocolate
         | because she found the amount of caffeine to be too high. I
         | didn't even know there was caffeine in chocolate.
        
           | recursive wrote:
           | > I knew a woman who couldn't eat chocolate because she found
           | the amount of caffeine to be too high.
           | 
           | I think the causality went the other way in that case. I've
           | been roughly caffeine free at certain intervals. Never felt
           | anything from chocolate.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | I went almost caffeine free at one point. I once got a good
             | buzz from 300g of 90% chocolate.
             | 
             | I say "almost" caffeine free because I still regularly ate
             | chocolate. So I still had a little tolerance. Yet the
             | difference between 50g of milk chocolate and 300g of 90%
             | was very noticeable.
        
               | isoprophlex wrote:
               | Not judging but to me 300 grams of chocolate, dark or
               | otherwise, is an outright obscene amount
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Go ahead and judge. It was an obscene amount.
        
             | garciasn wrote:
             | Depends on the chocolate type and how much you're eating.
             | Milk chocolate has very low levels (~2mg per 28oz), but
             | dark chocolate is ~15mg per 28oz. Coffee, at 24oz, would be
             | around 275mg, depending.
             | 
             | I find it hard to believe that some folks would feel the
             | caffeine in chocolate unless they ate an entire dark
             | chocolate bar in one sitting, but I suppose it's possible.
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | I think that 28oz of dark chocolate, whether weight or
               | volume, would be a ludicrous amount to eat in one
               | sitting. A chocolate bar is about 1.5 oz (and 1 fluid
               | ounce of water weighs 1 ounce, at least to a rough
               | approximation), so to eat 28 you'd need to eat nearly 20
               | chocolate bars.
               | 
               | For that matter 24oz is rather a lot of coffee to drink
               | at once. I brew my daily coffee with 200g of water, or
               | only about 7 floz.
        
               | garciasn wrote:
               | While I realize I'm an outlier, I do NOT consider 24oz of
               | coffee a lot, nor does anyone I know--that's literally a
               | standard coffee cup at a coffee shop these days. At a
               | minimum, I'm drinking 3 pots (~180oz) of coffee a day,
               | with my usual being 3-4x that amount.
               | 
               | So; with that said, while I believe that eating 28oz of
               | chocolate is a lot, I guess it could happen :-)
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | HN is crazy for outliers. We have the lady who gets wired
               | off a chocolate bar, and the guy who drinks over a gallon
               | per day.
               | 
               | But anyway, I've been to a coffee shop or two, and I've
               | never seen a "standard cup" as anything other than 12
               | ounces.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | You might want to double-check your figures.
               | 
               | Ghiradelli claims their dark chocolate has 20mg per oz
               | and their milk chocolate has 6 mg per ounce. [1]
               | 
               | That would mean eating a standard 3.5oz/100g chocolate
               | bar would have 70mg of caffeine for dark, or 21mg for
               | milk.
               | 
               | While 3.5oz is a lot in a sitting, 70mg is equivalent to
               | a smallish cup of coffee.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ghirardelli.com/product-
               | faqs#:~:text=Dark%20choc...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >If you truly detox from caffeine even extremely small
           | amounts will be noticeable.
           | 
           | Maybe for a subset of people. Otherwise kids will be getting
           | crazy jitters the first time they eat chocolate (presumably
           | before they ever drank coffee/tea), which obviously doesn't
           | happen.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I recall preferring lighter chocolate as a kid. Maybe we're
             | accidentally providing kids with a slowly ramping caffeine
             | tolerance, haha.
        
         | pzs wrote:
         | They call the cherries cascara, and I have come across them in
         | some specialty coffee shops packaged just like the beans. You
         | can pour hot (not boiling) water over them and prepare a tea-
         | like infusion. It tastes sweet-ish without adding anything
         | else. It gives a pretty noticeable kick to me when I drink it,
         | even though I am a regular coffee drinker. I think it is worth
         | a try, if you haven't done so yet.
        
         | inetknght wrote:
         | > _I wouldn 't expect that just eating the cherries would give
         | you that much of a caffeine kick to be noticeable_
         | 
         | If you're paying attention to your body and you're not addicted
         | to stimulants, then a small kick of caffeine would absolutely
         | be noticeable.
        
       | djha-skin wrote:
       | Caffeine production is likely difficult in the face of a drier
       | climate. Caffeine is present in the plant as a pesticide. Insects
       | are a much bigger problem in wet climates over dry.
       | 
       | Having grown up in a wet climate (Chicago) but now living in a
       | dry one (Utah) I can say that finding a droubt tolerant species
       | which concerns itself with pesticide production may be difficult.
       | The same water which coffee relies on is the same stuff pests
       | rely on to reproduce. My mother was from Utah, and she always
       | lamented at the small size of her flowers growing up in Chicago.
       | They are much larger in Utah because they can get big without
       | insects eating them.
       | 
       | (I say all this as a point of interest, but I don't drink coffee
       | myself.)
        
         | mortos wrote:
         | That's interesting, it's something I haven't really thought
         | about.
         | 
         | There is some desire for less caffeine as it adds bitterness.
         | Eugenioides, a parent species to arabica the commonly
         | cultivated species, inherently has less caffeine and is said to
         | have a remarkably sweet cup. It's had some attention in barista
         | competitions in the last few years.
        
           | klausa wrote:
           | Eugenioides is sweet in a way that no other coffee I ever had
           | is sweet.
           | 
           | You sometimes see "sweet" as an axis of flavor of coffee, or
           | as a tasting note on a bag of fancy beans; but eugenioides is
           | very different.
           | 
           | It's _the_ dominant note in that cup, and it is much less
           | fruity or floral, it's just... sweet. You taste the
           | sweetness, and then the rest of the "typical" coffee notes
           | come in the background, but much less pronounced than usual.
           | 
           | I've seen people describe it as a "cereal-like", and while I
           | don't think I fully agree with that description, I do get
           | where they're coming from.
           | 
           | If you're a coffee person and ever see a bag of it on offer
           | (and can afford it), I definitely recommend grabbing it --
           | it's really, really unique (and quite rare!).
           | 
           | (And I do not think this is in any way related to the
           | caffeine content -- otherwise most of decafs would be very
           | sweet, and they obviously aren't).
        
             | shepherdjerred wrote:
             | When you say sweet, is that because the coffee has more
             | sugar, or are there just other compounds?
             | 
             | I guess what I'm asking is what's the difference between
             | what you're describing and making a regular good cup of
             | coffee and adding a teaspoon of sugar?
        
               | klausa wrote:
               | It's the "other stuff"/flavor compounds, definitely.
               | 
               | I don't think brewed coffee contains any meaningful
               | amounts of sugar?
               | 
               | Coffee (filter/brewed, not espresso) is ~98.5% water by
               | weight, even if the Eugenioides species has more sugar in
               | the beans than Arabica (it might! literally no idea here)
               | -- if the difference would be "just" down to the sugar
               | levels, I don't think it would be noticeable at the
               | dilution levels we're talking about.
               | 
               | The difference in the natural sweetness vs adding sugar
               | is an interesting question, honestly!
               | 
               | Sugar is usually added to coffee to hide/mask/round out
               | the bitterness; whether naturally occurring or from
               | overly developed roast. But it also masks/drowns out
               | other notes, too. You'll get less bitterness, but less of
               | the acidity, the floralness, of all the other subtleties
               | that can make coffee great -- you'll get _sugar_
               | sweetness (and it's a very different kind of sweetness
               | than coffee can naturally have!), and less of everything
               | else.
               | 
               | Eugenioides is different because it just doesn't have
               | that baseline note of bitter/hashness _at all_, _and_ it
               | 's naturally pretty sweet.
               | 
               | Instead of sugar, I think the "magic berries" (I never
               | tried!) that mess with your bitterness perception might
               | work better? I'm actually now curious to try it out...
        
         | foenix wrote:
         | > My mother was from Utah, and she always lamented at the small
         | size of her flowers growing up in Chicago. They are much larger
         | in Utah because they can get big without insects eating them.
         | 
         | Counter-anecdote from a Utah local: every time we travel to a
         | "wet" area (any travel but Arizona / Nevada) we always find the
         | climate to be more verdant and flowery. Perhaps ecosystems are
         | more multi-faceted in nature.
         | 
         | Counter-counter-anecdote: Our Roses _love_ the weather here.
        
           | jofer wrote:
           | Just moved to Utah (wife's job was relocated here) a couple
           | of years ago after many decades in the southeast and midwest.
           | Some stuff grows like crazy here, some stuff doesn't.
           | 
           | Nothing in the continental US competes with the gulf coast
           | when it comes to sheer masses of flowering vegetation.
           | Everything is green and most of it flowers. Everywhere you
           | look, there's actually really neat and beautiful plants. But
           | most of it is what folks think of as "weeds". Non native
           | stuff in yards (what people think of as "flowers") often
           | struggles. E.g. yapon is native and is often an ornamental
           | and it'll grow like crazy, or even worse, try planting some
           | Mexican petunias... I love those things, but they are a
           | purple swarm that will swallow everything.
           | 
           | But plant your daffodils, and while they'll grow, they get
           | overpowered and outspread by everything native. A lot of
           | common ornamentals can't take the fully saturated then dry
           | cycles and clay soils, too. Then there are the bugs.
           | Everything gets eaten by something. So so so so so many bugs.
           | 
           | But in Utah, those common ornamentals absolutely thrive _if_
           | they get water. When you irrigate here, things grow like
           | crazy. Flowers are huge and there are basically no bugs here
           | at all. (I don't count box alder beetles or brine flies as
           | "lots of bugs".)
           | 
           | But native vegetation can survive the actual climate here,
           | while most ornamentals can't without extra water.
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | As a daily coffee drinker I wouldn't mind less caffeine in
         | coffee. I drink coffee for its flavour (and have tried dozens
         | of different coffees from many different roasters). I have
         | tried some decafs but they just taste different and generally
         | much flatter. They also behave very strangely in my espresso
         | machine, requiring a much finer grind to sustain brewing
         | pressure. From my limited understanding of decaf processes,
         | they all remove more than just caffeine, so the effect on
         | flavour is unavoidable.
        
           | Kirby64 wrote:
           | The biggest reason decaf brews, tastes, and grinds so
           | different is the processing essentially causes the beans to
           | expands (so you can extract the caffeine out of the center of
           | the very dense, green coffee) and then you need to dehydrate
           | them back to the proper moisture content for roasting. You
           | take a green coffee that is previously extremely dense and
           | non-porous, and make it much much more porous. This leads to
           | roasting difficulities and brittleness when grinding which
           | seems to lead to fines.
           | 
           | I'd agree, less caffeine in the bean without decaffinating
           | would lead to a better tasting coffee (if you want the lesser
           | caffeine).
        
             | ifellover wrote:
             | Huh. As an avid home coffee roaster, this is interesting to
             | learn. I find that decaf also really struggles to "crack"
             | when roasting, and emits way less smoke. I guess that's
             | because there's perhaps nothing left to really crack
             | anymore?
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | This makes sense! The coffee has expanded a lot from the
               | decaf process so it's not going to expand as much during
               | roasting, hence no "crack" (which is really the same kind
               | of process as popcorn popping)! The reduced smoke may be
               | due to the removal of the skins and residual dried fruit
               | which would have been washed away along with the
               | caffeine, whereas I would expect a natural process coffee
               | to produce a lot more smoke (compared to the most common
               | washed process coffee).
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | Less-so that it has expanded from the decaf process, and
               | more-so that the additional porosity leads to the 'crack'
               | you get from reaching that critical temperature is much
               | less violent, since there's essentially already many
               | micro-fractures in the bean. Think of it like attempting
               | to burst a pipe with a leak in it, vs. a pipe that is
               | sealed. The leak will bleed off pressure, so you need
               | much more flow (in coffee roasting, this would be power
               | from heat) to get the same build up and explosion.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Google says Chicago has 45 days of full sun while Salt Lake
         | City has 222 days. I think sun has much more to do with it than
         | insects.
         | 
         | It's the same reason Alaska can grow freakishly big produce in
         | a short season. There's not much darkness during the growing
         | season.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | Not that this applies to you, but coffee is definitely one of
         | the things the Utah-based religions and metacultures should
         | reconsider. Both coffee and tea are extraordinarily healthy
         | compared to their more commonly preferred soda/diet sodas, and
         | much more satisfying. Further, they already allow tea in
         | subculture rulesets like Korea (one can speak with former
         | proselytizers that sold the ideas in the region if doubt is
         | one's initial thoughts). Most trace back their current
         | adherence to cultural baggage of the same diet notions that led
         | to Seventh day Adventists's diets, Wheaties, Kellogg Cereals,
         | etc. Some great articles in _Dialogue_ for the Utah-metaculture
         | based curious. It 's clear that the health advice banning
         | coffee is a remnant of earlier times and currently operates as
         | a shibboleth and token of obedience without merit.
        
           | Kirby64 wrote:
           | > It's clear that the health advice banning coffee is a
           | remnant of earlier times and currently operates as a
           | shibboleth and token of obedience without merit.
           | 
           | How is what you're describing any different than most tenants
           | of faith-based institutions?
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | Solely that it is the one relevant to the current
             | conversation regarding Utah and (dis)affinity for coffee.
        
           | djha-skin wrote:
           | It was given as a revelation from God[1]. This is not some
           | doctrine that came about from a philospher. It came from the
           | top.
           | 
           | The same revelation discouraged tobacco use, the problems of
           | which wasn't understood until much later. I assume the same
           | will happen with caffeine, tannins, and other coffee/tea
           | things.
           | 
           | 1: https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-
           | test...
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | I would argue that this isn't a good forum to discuss the
             | relative merits of outsourcing one's morality to a
             | corporation, nor the merits of closing oneself off to
             | examination of belief in light of conflicting reality,
             | hence the respectful circumspect language earlier.
             | 
             | Regarding your comment here, it would be accurate to say it
             | is currently enshrined by a small group of Utah-based
             | religions and metacultures as divine and potentially even
             | protective, and no one else really cares if said adherents
             | drink or don't drink coffee. What isn't in doubt is that
             | coffee and tea are healthier than soda, and that said Utah-
             | based religious schisms allow Koreans and other East Asian
             | areas to drink tea (along with South Americans to drink
             | Yerba Mate) in contravention to their doctrine, so any
             | alleged health benefits from adherence clearly isn't the
             | focus and outward manifestation of obedience is the goal
             | for the malleable rule.
             | 
             | Other groups that have health codes that have a good
             | physical basis:
             | 
             | - Seventh-day Adventism, ~22 million, Vegetarianism
             | encouraged, no alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine
             | 
             | - Islam, ~2 billion (Sunni + Shia), No pork or alcohol;
             | fasting during Ramadan; ritual slaughter
             | 
             | - Judaism, ~15 million, No pork or shellfish; no mixing
             | meat/dairy; specific slaughter methods Holiness, cultural
             | cohesion, obedience to God's law
             | 
             | - Sikhism, ~26 million, No alcohol, tobacco, or drugs;
             | vegetarianism in some sects; uncut hair (kesh)
             | 
             | - Rastafarianism, ~1 million, Vegetarian or vegan, no
             | alcohol, processed foods, or salt; often no caffeine
             | 
             | - Jainism, ~4-5 million, Strict vegetarianism, often no
             | root vegetables, no alcohol
             | 
             | - Hare Krishna (ISKCON), ~1 million+, No meat, eggs, fish,
             | onions, garlic, or caffeine; food must be offered to
             | Krishna
             | 
             | - Baha'i Faith, ~5-8 million, Abstain from alcohol; annual
             | 19-day fast (sunrise to sunset)
             | 
             | - Brighamite Mormonism (LDS), ~3-5 million (regular
             | attending), abstain from coffee, tea, alcohol, tobacco; no
             | longer adhering to low meat consumption or beer
             | (encouraged, not considered a strong drink, circa 1825
             | liquors like whiskey were considered ills, wasn't until
             | Prohibition in the 1930s that Brighamites added alcohol to
             | banned list, and the 1960s/1970s entrenched through
             | gatekeeping entrance for secret rituals, causing some
             | ritual center managers to not be able to get their annual
             | renewal)
        
         | Straw wrote:
         | Current models don't predict the climate overall getting drier
         | with climate change- in fact average rainfall goes up slightly.
         | 
         | Some areas will get drier, others (like the Sahara and Sahale
         | for example) have and will get wetter.
        
         | jddj wrote:
         | > finding a droubt tolerant species which concerns itself with
         | pesticide production may be difficult
         | 
         | Tobacco, no?
        
       | jessekv wrote:
       | > In Asia and Australia, people tend to prefer tea.
       | 
       | Maybe, but Taiwan and Australia have some of the best coffee
       | these days.
        
         | AnotherGoodName wrote:
         | As an Australian i thought that was weird since we clearly
         | favor coffee and have a very proud coffee culture so i looked
         | it up.
         | 
         | Turns out that statement is completely false. We drink more
         | coffee than tea which matches my anecdotal experience.
         | 
         | https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1399769/australia-regular...
        
           | diob wrote:
           | Yeah, given you bump into a different coffee shop every 100ft
           | in Melbourne, I'd be surprised if tea was winning.
        
         | sampullman wrote:
         | Not to mention Vietnam and Indonesia, which are the second and
         | third largest coffee producers in the world.
        
       | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
       | Robusta is doing just fine...
       | https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2024/08/coffee-is-threa...
        
         | jtbayly wrote:
         | If, as the article says, you like instant coffee, then great.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | Vietnam seems to like it, fine. Pretty popular in France and
           | Germany, too. If you have ever had Bustelo, then you've had
           | it.
        
           | 6177c40f wrote:
           | Robusta is great if you don't go with the low quality stuff.
           | Good quality Vietnamese Robusta is very enjoyable (and much
           | higher in caffeine than Arabica, which I think is a nice
           | bonus).
           | 
           | There's also the possibility of hybridizing Robusta and
           | Arabica to get the best traits of both. A few hybrid
           | varieties, such as Catimor, have existed on the market for a
           | while. AFAIK Catimor has some of the hardiness of its parent
           | Robusta.
           | 
           | As always, you'll have the best experience if you buy whole
           | beans and grind them yourself (or at least find a supermarket
           | that lets you grind beans fresh). No instant coffee that
           | currently exists will be able to compete with that.
        
       | chris_va wrote:
       | It is amazing how inefficient water use seems to be in plants.
       | 
       | Dry biomass growth is ~1kg/m^2/year, wet maybe 4-5x that. But
       | they see ~1m of rainfall, so 1000kg/m^2/year of water. The roots
       | fail to take up some, but the rest seems to be ~99% lost due to
       | transpiration (some of which is necessary for heat stress and/or
       | pump up nutrients).
       | 
       | Maybe after C4 rice we can get C4/CAM coffee?
        
         | foundart wrote:
         | Transpiration by plants, especially in large forested areas
         | like the Amazon, plays an important role in creating future
         | rainfall
        
       | briandear wrote:
       | Coffee crop failures have been around as long as there have been
       | coffee crops, this idea that current coffee could go extinct is
       | silly. Ideal locations for growing coffee can change and evolve
       | over time, but an extinction event? C'mon. If that were to
       | happen, there would be any people left to care.
       | 
       | Literally everything is blamed on climate change these days. Too
       | much snow? Climate change. Too little snow? Also climate change.
       | 
       | A few years ago I was climbing Mont Blanc and the rockfall due to
       | a warmer winter was blamed on climate change, then a few years
       | later: near-record snow. It's taking on religious overtones:
       | rather than things happening because it's God's will -- now it's
       | "climate."
       | 
       | I am not denying that the climate changes, I am only calling out
       | that literally every mishap in the natural world is being blamed
       | on it. There is a lot of money in that business.
        
         | jpalawaga wrote:
         | So you're not denying climate change, just the effects of it.
         | I'm not sure that's any better.
         | 
         | We call it climate change because warmer weather produces
         | higher variance in weather patterns--you're adding entropy into
         | the system. Overall warmer, but more rain (and mud/rockslides),
         | more wind, more lightning, etc etc.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | As I read it, he's not denying the effects either. He's just
           | saying that not _everything_ bad that happens wrt climate and
           | weather is due to  "climate change". Sometimes, it's just
           | variations, which have always happened.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | These days _everything_ is blamed on climate change. And
             | when people point out natural variation, they get bashed.
             | 
             | A recent example is the CA fires, there is zero evidence
             | linking them to climate change - they did a study and found
             | no effect - which of course was reported as "climate change
             | to blame".
        
               | inetknght wrote:
               | > _there is zero evidence linking them to climate change
               | - they did a study and found no effect_
               | 
               | Can you point to this study? Or at least point to this
               | "they" to whom you're referring?
        
               | siffin wrote:
               | What are you talking about? The burden is on you to
               | explain how manipulating the chemical makeup of the
               | atmosphere DOESN'T have a direct impact, even at the
               | tiniest levels (1ppm).
               | 
               | At the levels we're at now, CO2e imbalances definitely
               | impact every single weather event on the planet to some
               | degree, and you'd have to be delusional not to accept
               | that.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | Climate change doesn't mean it only gets warmer, it means you
         | get more extreme weather outcomes. Your anecdotes are a good
         | example of climate change in action.
        
         | rwyinuse wrote:
         | You don't need an "extinction event" to hurt coffee production
         | so much that drinking it (especially Arabica) becomes an
         | expensive luxury due to lack of supply. Crops that are grown
         | only in particular parts of the world will suffer the most from
         | localized unusual weather patterns, as there won't be
         | production from elsewhere to compensate.
         | 
         | Also, it takes some time to move production elsewhere. And if
         | climate change continues to get worse, you can't really trust
         | any place to have a consistent climate.
        
       | doodlebugging wrote:
       | Maybe the answer is for someone to work on boosting natural
       | caffeine levels in yaupon holly tea.
       | 
       | It grows wild all over the SE US and can withstand multi-year
       | drought or regular floods though it does best in a situation
       | where it gets regular rainfall. You may have some in your own
       | yard used as a hedge plant. I have several large trees on my
       | place. It spreads underground by suckers and will take over an
       | area if you do nothing to contain it. It is very strong once it
       | forms a thicket. I have driven across a yaupon thicket in a
       | seismic buggy and been in a situation where none of the tires
       | were touching the ground as I drove because I was crossing a
       | thick tangle of yaupon that supported the vehicle.
       | 
       | Caffeine levels are lower than coffee beans (40-60 mg versus >150
       | mg I think). Yaupon does also have theobromines, vasodilators,
       | that are supposed to help it prevent the caffeine crash.
       | 
       | I have some leaves dried and drink it make a tea occasionally
       | when I want a boost but not a cup of coffee level boost. It
       | tastes great and is easy to prepare at home.
       | 
       | [0]https://yauponbrothers.com/blogs/news/is-yaupon-better-
       | than-...
       | 
       | There are other sources of information about yaupon holly. It is
       | proposed that the British naturalist who discovered Native
       | Americans using it in their own ceremonies and drinking it
       | casually decided to name it ilex vomitoria not because it was
       | dangerous or poisonous to consume but because since it grew wild
       | in the colonies, it could be a serious competitor to English tea
       | so he used the name to make it less attractive.
        
         | sriacha wrote:
         | There are so many interesting native plants that provide
         | alternatives to our extremely rigid globalized food systems.
         | 
         | Also to note Ilex vomitoria is in the same genus as yerba mate,
         | Ilex paraguariensis.
        
           | jfarina wrote:
           | Can you rebrand a species? Drinking vomitoria sounds less
           | than appetizing.
        
             | WrongAssumption wrote:
             | Yes you can. See Patagonian Toothfish -> Chilean Seabass.
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | Or Chinese Gooseberry -> Kiwi Fruit.
        
               | ghc wrote:
               | To be fair, a lot of Asian ingredients have picked up
               | such weird English translations that they could use a
               | rebrand. Case in point: "Prickly pear ash" is an
               | amazingly unappetizing translation of the spice's proper
               | name, sansho or sancho.
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | Is that prickly ash? Like a toothache tree with all the
               | sharp spikes on the trunk?
               | 
               | It looks like sancho is the berry produced by the tree.
               | The leaves look similar to our toothache tree or Hercules
               | Club as some call it. I know that the bark here in
               | NAmerica has been used as a local anesthetic for a long
               | time. It produces a tingly, numbing sensation when it
               | becomes wet. I have used the bark to numb gums or throat
               | pain. I never tried the berries.
               | 
               | My tree here died in the last drought. It was a birdshit
               | variety since it was growing along the fence. The seed
               | was dropped by a bird as it rested on the fence and I got
               | a tree as a result! Gotta wait for the next one I guess.
        
               | ghc wrote:
               | Different tree, same genus. I'm not sure if all species
               | (of 250+) in the genus have edible fruit, but the berries
               | of several Asian species are harvested for spices,
               | including Sichuan Peppercorns, which are made from the
               | dried berries.
               | 
               | I would bet that the flavor (citrusy, with a numbing
               | effect) is similar among all the species, but varies in
               | strength and pungency. I'm not sure if I would bet that
               | any species is safe to eat, however.
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | I'll need to look into the ways the tree was used by
               | Native Americans and early settlers. I have known about
               | the use of the bark for decades but don't recall anything
               | about other parts of the tree. Thanks for the
               | information.
        
               | jrapdx3 wrote:
               | "Prickly ash" is an ingredient in Chinese cuisine,
               | particularly Szechuan cooking. We buy it in quantity at
               | Asian groceries where it's pretty inexpensive.
               | 
               | In the US it's known as "Szechuan peppercorn". Preparing
               | it for use requires carefully inspecting a handful for
               | stems and thorns (which can be quite big), pan toasting
               | and crushing/grinding to a coarse powder.
               | 
               | As pointed out in the sister comment, the spice has a
               | mild numbing effect which counters the heat of chilis.
               | Adding a little to hot dishes makes the flavor more
               | complex and enjoyable.
               | 
               | For people who like to cook it's an ingredient worth
               | experimenting with across culinary boundaries.
        
               | ghc wrote:
               | Part of the problem with the English translations is this
               | ambiguity. Sansho comes from a different species
               | (Zanthoxylum piperitum) of the same genus, native to
               | Japan and Korea. The flavor is different, but
               | reminiscent. I keep both sansho and red Sichuan
               | peppercorns for use in different dishes.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | Oilseed rape / rapeseed became canola. Anything is
             | possible.
        
           | doodlebugging wrote:
           | I enjoy checking all the native plants growing on my place. I
           | discovered another yesterday that I would love to eradicate
           | since it really takes over quickly.
           | 
           | It's in the geranium family Geraniaceae, and is one of the
           | most ancient cultivated plants around. Its use was so common
           | that it has spread from the Mediterranean area where it is
           | native to most every other inhabited place. People ate it and
           | fed it to their animals and it was used as a medicine so they
           | had multiple reasons to carry some with them as they migrated
           | across the landscape.
           | 
           | Redstem Stork's Bill
           | [0]https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/47687-Erodium-cicutarium
           | 
           | Supposed to taste like a parsley. I ate some yesterday and
           | agree that it is close to parsley with a slightly more sharp
           | flavor if you just eat the leaves and stems. I tried some of
           | the seed pods and that was a no-go. They would need to be
           | cooked to be edible since they are hard and fibrous raw. I
           | haven't tried the root yet.
           | 
           | It's unlikely that I will ever eat my way out of this
           | invasive infestation but I will add some to the salad to see
           | whether my wife notices.
        
         | diob wrote:
         | Maybe I'm just too deep into coffee at this point, but unless
         | yaupon has different origins, processes, or varietals, I don't
         | really see folks in the specialty coffee world making the
         | switch.
         | 
         | That said, it is interesting, and I'd definitely give it a try.
         | 
         | Some people do drink coffee just for the caffeine--but those
         | folks aren't usually worried about beans or brew methods.
         | They're just as likely to grab an energy drink or whatever's
         | convenient.
         | 
         | But for a lot of us, coffee's more than that. There's a whole
         | culture around it, and I don't see that going away anytime
         | soon.
         | 
         | Then again, I'm deep into coffee, so I'm probably biased.
        
           | doodlebugging wrote:
           | I agree that there is no likelihood that coffee snobs are
           | gonna jump to yaupon tea. I mentioned this really just to
           | point out that there is a native plant here in North America
           | that produces caffeine so if one day we wake up and supplies
           | of the real beans are short or interrupted for long periods
           | we will have something totally free to brew up for a caffeine
           | hit. If you're out camping in an area where yaupon grows wild
           | you can always grab a few leaves, wash them and dry them
           | until they're brown, crush them and boil some tea water. No
           | need for a late night cup of coffee that could keep you too
           | wired to rest when you can enjoy a simple cup of yaupon tea
           | that won't leave you wired.
           | 
           | I drink a lot of coffee too. I enjoy the flavor and hanging
           | around without a cup of coffee feels strange. Sometimes I
           | just add some boiling water to the dust in the coffee cup,
           | stir it up and see what happens. I've certainly had worse at
           | more gas stations than I care to remember.
        
         | fellowniusmonk wrote:
         | The naming of yaupon really ticks me off, of all the things
         | that should get a scientific rename it's yaupon, clearly it was
         | a successful marketing effort by the Empire, er, by the British
         | to knock out a delicious and ubiquitous competitor.
        
           | doodlebugging wrote:
           | I can see the guy now as the realization that this native
           | plant could undermine the British East India tea trade if
           | people came to enjoy yaupon tea. It probably didn't take any
           | convincing to get him to assign such an uninviting name to
           | the plant and in doing so, save one of the British Empire's
           | main trade items.
           | 
           | It was definitely a chickenshit move on his part though.
        
         | nkozyra wrote:
         | > Maybe the answer is for someone to work on boosting natural
         | caffeine levels in yaupon holly tea
         | 
         | The problem isn't getting caffeine, though. You can buy a tub
         | of 200mg caffeine pills for $3. People like coffee.
         | Substituting coffee isn't just a matter of caffeine for
         | drinkers.
        
           | doodlebugging wrote:
           | I agree. You can get your caffeine boost from a pill if that
           | floats your boat. I too love coffee and for a variety of
           | reasons. I was only mentioning that there is a native plant
           | that produces caffeine and has a pleasant taste so that it
           | could serve as a caffeine (or tea) substitute in the event
           | that supplies of real coffee became unreliable for any
           | reason.
           | 
           | I drink lots of coffee and various teas.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | As the article states, the taste is complex beyond our
           | understanding.
           | 
           | "When it comes to taste, coffee is amazingly complex. A
           | single cup may contain up to 1,200 volatile compounds. Yet
           | what you perceive in a cup depends on many things besides the
           | plant's genome: the environment in which it grew, the
           | weather, the roast, the water used for brewing. Even the
           | color of the cup matters. White makes coffee seem more
           | intense, while clear glass makes it seem sweeter."
        
             | thousand_nights wrote:
             | tbh i drink a coffee in the morning every day, no sugar, i
             | think it tastes objectively terrible, like bitter dirt, but
             | it's hijacked my reward pathway in the same way that
             | nicotine or ethanol does, that it makes me enjoy the taste
             | somehow
        
               | chrislongss wrote:
               | Just out of interest: do you notice any difference at all
               | between different brands of coffee? I am with on the idea
               | that coffee tastes awful, but despite that I still prefer
               | certain brands that taste subjectively better.
        
           | spookie wrote:
           | Yeah, pretty much. I drink tea from time to time, but I still
           | prefer coffee. I don't know, feels more earthy or fuller? I
           | also like the smell better.
        
             | satvikpendem wrote:
             | Try loose leaf tea, specifically roasted oolong, black
             | teas, or pu erh. r/tea has a good wiki on which reputable
             | vendors to buy from [0].
             | 
             | [0] https://old.reddit.com/r/tea/wiki/vendors/page_01
        
             | squircle wrote:
             | You might enjoy roasted dandelion root tea. The taste is
             | about as earthy as it gets. Also, as a bitter herb it's
             | great for digestion.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | It tastes nothing like coffee though. It tastes like
               | other things that kind of taste like coffee, like
               | chicory. They taste sort of like coffee and dandelion
               | sort of tastes like them, so it's a little too removed.
        
         | CommieBobDole wrote:
         | I always thought it was called that because it was used by
         | native Americans to make 'black drink' which they consumed
         | ceremonially, tending to vomit afterwards.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaupon_tea
        
         | MarkusWandel wrote:
         | Does it taste better than Yerba Mate? That is definitely an
         | "acquired taste" and while you can get used to it and even like
         | it as much as tea, I don't think it can hold a candle to
         | coffee.
        
       | awaymazdacx5 wrote:
       | Caffeine mgs for various brewed extracts can be lower than a cup
       | of coffee. Even decaf still contains <.002mg, remain static over
       | the designated beverage half-life. For third-wave, light roast
       | blooms, containing more acid, the caffeine content is punctuated.
        
       | Henchman21 wrote:
       | The world is addicted to stimulants. It is very disheartening.
        
         | connicpu wrote:
         | Some people just like the flavor, personally I drink a cup of
         | decaf every evening. Of course, a LOT are addicted to caffeine.
         | The most normalized addiction in the world ahead of alcohol and
         | nicotine, although those are becoming more stigmatized over
         | time.
        
         | histriosum wrote:
         | I personally love the taste of coffee. If decaffeinated were
         | able to achieve the same flavors, I'd be quite happy with it.
         | Unfortunately, it doesn't taste at all the same.
        
           | Henchman21 wrote:
           | I will not consume caffeine and tbh the rest of you need to
           | slow down. Modern life runs on stimulants and caffeine is a
           | whip at the back of the worker. I know this forum doesn't
           | give a damn about worker's rights, but I do, and man I am
           | _tired of all this_.
        
             | histriosum wrote:
             | Your personal choice is fine for you. My personal choice is
             | to enjoy a cup or two of coffee per day, because I love the
             | way it tastes, not because I want or need the caffeine. I
             | currently don't have regular employment, as I am attempting
             | a career change, but my coffee consumption doesn't change
             | when I'm on a job.
             | 
             | With respect, I think your worldview needs to widen out a
             | bit. Just because there are lots of worker exploitation
             | issues going on the world doesn't mean that everything fits
             | in that lens. Some of us like coffee, and that doesn't mean
             | it's because we like or accept a "whip at the back".
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | We can agree to disagree
        
             | inetknght wrote:
             | I also care about workers' rights.
             | 
             | Stimulants are a problem, but I do not see stimulants as
             | detrimental to workers' rights.
             | 
             | I see stimulants as a problem for healthcare though. I know
             | people who have heart problems that are exacerbated by
             | stimulants. But that's not a problem for everyone -- just
             | as diabetes or heart disease are prevalent, nor a problem
             | for everyone, and nor are they detrimental to workers'
             | rights.
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | When I heard the tale of how the coffee break came to be
               | -- created so workers wouldn't need an afternoon break --
               | I find myself unable to separate the coffee from that
               | fact. It was a tool used by Capitalists to keep the
               | workers _working_. Now its so prevalent that no one can
               | see the original causes.
        
               | inetknght wrote:
               | > _I find myself unable to separate the coffee from that
               | fact_
               | 
               | Well at least you admit it.
               | 
               | > _Now its so prevalent that no one can see the original
               | causes._
               | 
               | I know plenty of people who drink coffee without taking a
               | break to do so. I know plenty of people who drink coffee
               | and are more productive outside of work than people who
               | do not drink coffee at all. I know plenty of employers
               | who do _not_ provide coffee breaks nor free coffee.
               | 
               | Moreover, if drinking coffee makes someone pleasant to be
               | around while not-drinking coffee makes that same person
               | un-pleasant to be around, then perhaps the productivity
               | benefits and original causes aren't so important anymore.
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | Fair points. I do admit it! I expect no one to jump
               | onboard from this community. I may be unreasonable --
               | wouldn't be the first time I have been accused of such,
               | nor would it be the first time I agreed.
               | 
               | It is a real problem IMO. So many of us are perpetually
               | exhausted. Unable to sleep. Jittery and fidgety. And as
               | you say: _unpleasant to be around when withdrawing!_
               | 
               | These are the hallmarks of this addiction. To me the
               | thing that is important NOW is getting people to see how
               | deeply this has hurt humanity. But then, I also agreed
               | with the premise of the Unabomber's manifesto -- while
               | disagreeing wildly with his decisions on how to
               | counteract what he saw.
               | 
               | This is a hill I am probably willing to die on.
               | 
               | Edited to add: I appreciate the conversation and not just
               | a downvote, thank you
        
       | vmwareuser-020 wrote:
       | Liberica, which is already popularized in Malaysia, is another
       | type of coffee that's resistant to heat and droughts.
       | 
       | I'm introducing some plants to a rural community in Panama that
       | had its Robusta crops ruined by the harsh summers we've
       | experienced over the past couple of years.
        
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