[HN Gopher] Things I Won't Work With: Dioxygen Difluoride (2010)
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       Things I Won't Work With: Dioxygen Difluoride (2010)
        
       Author : PebblesRox
       Score  : 195 points
       Date   : 2025-03-31 10:58 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Previously:
       | 
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=dioxygen%20difluoride
       | 
       | And others in the series:
       | 
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=things%20won%27t%20work
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/topic/blog-category/things-i-wont-wo...
       | 
       | High overlap with: (rocket fuels)
       | 
       | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=ignition%20informal
        
         | thedanbob wrote:
         | I hated high school chemistry but both this series and that
         | book are among my favorite scientific reads.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Ignition! is highly recommended.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | PDF: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43529378
        
       | wiredfool wrote:
       | Absolute classic of the genera                 At seven hundred
       | freaking degrees, fluorine starts to dissociate into monoatomic
       | radicals, thereby losing its gentle and forgiving nature.
       | If the paper weren't laid out in complete grammatical sentences
       | and published in JACS, you'd swear it was the work of a violent
       | lunatic.
        
       | pixl97 wrote:
       | Ah yes, FOOF. The last sound you hear before you melt, explode,
       | blow up, and disassociate at a molecular level.
        
         | m4rtink wrote:
         | And all of that at the same time! ;-)
        
       | mouse_ wrote:
       | I clicked that permalink to lateral science ("Blown up or
       | poisoned") and unfortunately the website appears to be hacked. :(
        
         | doug-moen wrote:
         | The page is archived, and it is a fun read:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20111229065146/http://www.latera...
        
       | bovermyer wrote:
       | I wonder if you can still order a kilo of "Satan's kimchi" from
       | that supplier in China. If you ever could.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Check the address. If the building is still standing, then no.
        
       | stuartjohnson12 wrote:
       | > Hangzhou Sage Chemical Company. They offer it in 100g, 500g,
       | and 1 kilo amounts, which is interesting, because I don't think a
       | kilo of dioxygen difluoride has ever existed. Someone should call
       | them on this - ask for the free shipping, and if they object,
       | tell them Amazon offers it on this item. Serves 'em right.
       | Morons.
       | 
       | Gold
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Some chemical suppliers seem to have autogenerated items,
         | some/many are non-sense and I guess they just hope that you
         | find something and they can make it? I found the example below
         | a while ago but they have since removed it.
         | 
         | https://www.nanochemazone.com/product/argon-powder/
        
           | ahazred8ta wrote:
           | The argon powder is still there. Great for Apr01.
           | https://www.nanochemazone.com/argon-powder/ -- https://web.ar
           | chive.org/web/20250331192328/https://www.nanoc...
        
             | LorenPechtel wrote:
             | Is argon powder actually impossible? Of course it couldn't
             | exist as pictured but below 80K does anything prohibit it?
        
               | s0rce wrote:
               | No, its not impossible. You can make it in the lab
               | without too much difficulty if you have liquid nitrogen.
               | Just not sold like this and you can't really contain it
               | in a practical vessel as the pressure at room temperature
               | would be too extreme, you store liquids or compressed
               | gases.
        
         | leoc wrote:
         | Someone finding themselves obliged to make and deliver a kilo
         | of this stuff would be a strong opening for a shounen manga.
        
           | JoshTriplett wrote:
           | More likely an isekai story, for variety over the usual
           | truck.
        
       | GarnetFloride wrote:
       | The Rocketdyne Tripropellant rocket had great specific impulse,
       | one of the best. But-- there are many reasons it never caught on:
       | one of the byproducts was FOOF, along with other things like
       | hydrofluoric acid.
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Sounds OK in vacuum...
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | If you want to actually get momentum out of a rocket, the
           | reaction products are going to touch the combustion chamber
           | walls and the nozzle. While film cooling can help with
           | minimizing heat transfer from the hot stuff, I doubt it's
           | enough to keep this stuff from eating your engine from the
           | inside.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | "These modern SpaceX kids and their fancy reusables. Back
             | in my day, when we went to space, we used the _whole_
             | engine! "
        
               | narag wrote:
               | Something like this?
               | 
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/aviation/comments/vpu3fv/lockhee
               | d_s...
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | That's what engine-rich exhaust is for.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | Hmm, I wonder if anyone has tried to use ablative
               | coatings in a rocket engine.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Arguably, the solid rocket motor is in this vein. While
               | I've never seen a design that consumes the outer shell,
               | the inner material is designed to burn as completely as
               | possible, and the chemistry and physical composition is
               | even designed to cause the burn to happen in a proper
               | combustion-chamber shape.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | Yeah, good point!
        
               | tekla wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executor_(rocket_engine)
        
             | GarnetFloride wrote:
             | Yeah, that was one of the downsides.
             | 
             | They actually did build a test article and ran the engine a
             | few times, enough to gather the data but it indeed ate the
             | engine, and the concrete and the rocks and coated it all
             | with explosive powder.
             | 
             | They did imagine coating the proposed launch complex with
             | quartz but it quickly became obvious it was going to be way
             | too expensive to actually build.
        
         | the8472 wrote:
         | The line between serious proposals and shitposting is thin.
         | 
         | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700022572
         | https://x.com/ToughSf/status/1769958999279927787
        
           | fweimer wrote:
           | Hmm, maybe it was part of NAIL SPIKE?
           | https://reactormag.com/a-tall-tail/
        
           | khuey wrote:
           | The 50s and 60s were a wild time.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | I remember this article and I'm laughing before I even click the
       | link. What a delightful read. Even more delightful I've never
       | encountered this molecule.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | Dioxygen Difluoride
       | 
       | That both words start with DIe! is enough to warn me off.
        
         | Ygg2 wrote:
         | Dihydorgen Dioxide. Oh no!
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | Not the best example. Hydrogen peroxide is actually rather
           | nasty when highly pure. I mean, it's got nothing on FOOF, not
           | many things do, but it's still in a class where it needs to
           | be handled with care and shouldn't be handed to non-
           | professionals. Don't be fooled by the fact it's sold in
           | grocery stores at low concentrations.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | Not as bad as FOOF, but still burns on contact to an open
             | sore.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | Pure hydrogen peroxide will do a _lot_ worse than burn on
               | contact with an open sore, unless you mean  "set your
               | sore on fire" (though it's more likely to detonate, or
               | spontaneously dissociate into steam and pure oxygen).
               | 
               | Usual solutions for disinfection are 3~5%, at 35% h2o2
               | will bleach skin, and bite through it.
        
               | mauvehaus wrote:
               | 30% is non-chlorine pool shock, and readily available
               | where I am (VT). As it happens, it's also one of the
               | parts of two part wood bleach. The other part is a
               | solution of NaOH (lye, available in solid form for drain
               | opener). Works great, best used while wearing gloves and
               | a face shield.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | Read up on the Me-163 if you want to see the craziness
               | that's involved with using high-purity H2O2 as an
               | oxidizer. With a hydrazine/methanol mix fuel to boot.
        
             | Ygg2 wrote:
             | Sure. We also call it bleach :P
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | Bleach, when people refer to the general product you can
               | buy in the grocery store called "bleach", is sodium
               | hypochlorite, not hydrogen peroxide.
               | 
               | You can call hydrogen peroxide bleach, or a bleaching
               | agent, but if you ask your significant other for "bleach"
               | you're not going to get hydrogen peroxide.
        
           | icehawk wrote:
           | High test peroxide is used as a rocket monopropellant, and
           | was involved with the loss of the submarines _HMS Sidon_ and
           | _Kursk_.
        
             | Ygg2 wrote:
             | Many things are used as rocket propellant not least of
             | which O2. As in all things dose makes the poison.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> fluorine starts to dissociate into monoatomic radicals,
       | thereby losing its gentle and forgiving nature. But that 's how
       | you get it to react with oxygen to make a product that's worse in
       | pretty much every way._
       | 
       | That kind of prose is why I love reading this chap's stuff.
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | There's something reminiscent of Terry Pratchett's style to
         | Derek's "Things I Won't Work With" series.
        
       | blantonl wrote:
       | This guy's writing style makes him a worldwide treasure, and
       | probably inspired a few young chemists.
       | 
       | I'll always read and re-read his blog posts when they are posted
       | here.
        
       | stackedinserter wrote:
       | FOOF-sulfur rocket engine would be fun.
        
         | GarnetFloride wrote:
         | That would be most definitely be classed as Type-3 fun.
        
       | IlikeKitties wrote:
       | Not a Chemist but reminded me about this article:
       | https://gizmodo.com/chlorine-trifluoride-the-chemical-that-s...
       | 
       | > Just to get the ball rolling, here's a few of the more unusual
       | things chlorine trifluoride is known to set fire to on contact:
       | glass, sand, asbestos, rust, concrete, people, pyrex, cloth, and
       | the dreams of children...
        
         | btilly wrote:
         | Derek Lowe also did chlorine trifluoride:
         | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/sand-won-t-save-
         | yo....
        
           | CommieBobDole wrote:
           | "It is also hypergolic with such things as cloth, wood, and
           | test engineers"
        
         | borski wrote:
         | He wrote that one too, heh:
         | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/sand-won-t-save-yo...
         | 
         | It's linked in the article
        
           | QuesnayJr wrote:
           | That's a different article. The Gizmodo article has a byline
           | of "Melissa" and apparently is originally from
           | TodayIFoundOut.com.
        
             | groby_b wrote:
             | So, might be "inspiration". I suspect "Melissa" did not
             | "find out today" - chlorine trifluoride isn't exactly the
             | stuff you discuss at your average dinner table.
             | 
             | You need a whole bunch of expertise to write about it.
             | Gizmodo does not usually have this expertise, but its
             | writers _do_ usually recognize snappy writing that might go
             | viral.
        
         | speed_spread wrote:
         | Knowing that rust can burn should make the joy of a few Linux
         | maintainers.
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | Makes me wonder if it could burn a fire elemental. :)
         | 
         | They seem to model any chemical damage as "acid" and fire
         | elementals aren't immune to acid so I would be inclined to say
         | it would.
        
       | ubermonkey wrote:
       | There are two kinds of popular reposts in the world.
       | 
       | Most are Type 1, which is "meh, this again" followed by a scroll
       | away.
       | 
       | This is an excellent example of Type 2, which is "Oh boy! I get
       | to read this again!"
       | 
       | (See also: the SR71 speed check story; the story of Mel, the Real
       | Programmer; etc.)
        
         | MaKey wrote:
         | I'd like to add the "We can't send mail more than 500 miles"
         | story to that list:
         | https://web.mit.edu/jemorris/humor/500-miles
        
           | ubermonkey wrote:
           | OH, absolutely. That's another gem!
        
         | PebblesRox wrote:
         | Ah, the SR-71 was new to me, thank you!
         | 
         | https://www.thesr71blackbird.com/Aircraft/Stories/sr-71-blac...
         | 
         | http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/story-of-mel.html
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | Ah, good ol' FOOF: the chemical with the convenient name-
       | synchronicity to what it will do to you!
        
         | spacedcowboy wrote:
         | Chemical nominative determinism at its best.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | There's also FOOOF and FOOOOF, as well as FOOOOOF
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_fluoride#
        
           | salgernon wrote:
           | Kind of like CAR CAAR etc.
        
       | relwin wrote:
       | YouTube chemists visit Dr. Kraus' fluorine lab in Germany:
       | https://youtu.be/UzIH6raTxyE?si=74Pfn0i8Whq09Iim
        
       | speckx wrote:
       | Relevant https://what-if.xkcd.com/40/
        
       | philipwhiuk wrote:
       | Good old FOOF
        
         | zidad wrote:
         | Found my next metal band name, thanks!
        
           | the__alchemist wrote:
           | Ideally makes heavy use of pyrotechnics.
        
       | tonetegeatinst wrote:
       | Have already read this before and was interesting.
       | 
       | I did some research and inquiry and found out you can in fact get
       | florine gas....and they can even compress it in tanks if you
       | want.
        
       | api wrote:
       | I think there's some stuff in a book called _Ignition_ about
       | experiments using Fluorine as an oxidizer in rocket engines to
       | get a little better specific impulse than oxygen. Only problem is
       | that the exhaust is hydrofluoric acid at thousands of degrees.
       | Yipe.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | Ignition has that lovely paragraph about some fluorine based
         | fuel leaking out of the truck that was transporting it* and
         | going through the road surface and then through the half a
         | meter of concrete and stone under the asphalt, alien style.
         | 
         | * the only way to move that fuel was in a refrigerated
         | cistern... at a temp so low that the steel it was made of
         | became brittle and cracked.
         | 
         | I think it's quoted in one of Derek Lowe's articles about
         | fluorine compounds too.
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/sand-won-t-save-
           | yo...
        
         | UncleSlacky wrote:
         | Obligatory dowmload link:
         | https://library.sciencemadness.org/library/books/ignition.pd...
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | From memory, that book went in at least four different
         | directions with fluorine compounds. Parts are about increasing
         | specific impulse; parts are about increasing density impulse
         | (fluorine's very dense); parts are about formulating oxidizers
         | hypergolic with kerosene or with hydrogen; parts are about
         | formulating oxidizers for deep space probes, with a
         | melting/boiling point range matched to that thermal
         | environment.
         | 
         | O3F2 is the one that if you add it to liquid oxygen, it makes
         | hydrogen/oxygen combustion hypergolic.
         | 
         | Direct link: (.pdf)
         | https://library.sciencemadness.org/library/books/ignition.pd...
        
           | api wrote:
           | > O3F2 is the one that if you add it to liquid oxygen, it
           | makes hydrogen/oxygen combustion hypergolic.
           | 
           | O3F2 sounds like it'd be hypergolic with engineers. Nope.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | > O3F2 sounds like it'd be hypergolic with engineers. Nope.
             | 
             | Engineers. Asbestos. Sand.
             | 
             | Can confirm 'Nope'.
        
               | m4rtink wrote:
               | Its probably hypergolic even with Nope. ;-)
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | There's also adding a bit of Flourine to one of the Fuming
           | Nitric Acids to make it easier to handle, because of the
           | flouridation of the surface of the tanks.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | > a book called Ignition
         | 
         | that book is really good and has some interesting hidden
         | treasures, like a couple of sentences about adding silicon oil
         | to the fuel mixture to create a self-ablating film on the
         | combustion chamber. I think some amateur bi-prop engine guys
         | use that in their fuel setups. It's funny how the book ends
         | after all that research and exotic chemicals with JP-1 and
         | liquid O2 are still pretty much the best combination.
        
           | wiredfool wrote:
           | And the bit about using dimethyl mercury as a monopropellant.
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | hopefully this isn't trending because of the recent controversy
       | about fluoride in tap water?
        
       | tverbeure wrote:
       | I will always reread the story about Satan's Kimchi.
        
       | RandomBacon wrote:
       | Bit rot: the article links to http://www.lateralscience.co.uk
       | which is now just an advertisement for online gambling.
        
         | philipkglass wrote:
         | Here's a good snapshot of that page as it appeared in 2010,
         | when this article linked to it:
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20100430182802/http://www.latera...
        
       | cwillu wrote:
       | FOOF, not to be confused with the FLOOF's that _everyone_ wants
       | to work with
        
       | cperciva wrote:
       | FOOF, not to be confused with F00F (a bug in the Pentium which
       | allowed unprivileged processes to lock up the system):
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_F00F_bug
        
       | sortalongo wrote:
       | > 433 kcal/mole
       | 
       | For reference, TNT is 1kcal/g. This is 6.2 kcal/g.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Less of a FOOF and more of a BOOM
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | In case you weren't dissuaded by the article, here's the
       | synthesis procedure that it starts off by referencing:
       | https://sci-hub.st/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(00)803...
        
       | mmonaghan wrote:
       | I love Derek Lowe's writing. I think I've read most of his
       | articles but this series is my favorite.
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | A. G. Streng would probably have been forgotten about like so
       | many if he hadn't been such a risk taking experimental chemist.
       | Now someone's probably going to make a movie or comic book about
       | him.
        
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       (page generated 2025-03-31 23:00 UTC)