[HN Gopher] In the 1980s we downloaded games from the radio
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       In the 1980s we downloaded games from the radio
        
       Author : spzb
       Score  : 249 points
       Date   : 2025-03-28 22:14 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newslttrs.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newslttrs.com)
        
       | uneventual wrote:
       | funny to think that there was a blip of people downloading
       | software over the radio in the 80s, then the internet happened
       | and it was all over hardwire, and now virtually all software is
       | downloaded over the radio again
        
         | Svip wrote:
         | Even if most devices receive data wirelessly these days, the
         | transfer to its last wireless transmitter will be almost
         | entirely wired. Mobile masts are wired, wireless routers are
         | wired, and so on. That being said, consumer devices are but a
         | part of the much larger group of digital devices connected to
         | the internet in some fashion, and a lot of them remains wired
         | to the internet. "Virtually all software" being downloaded
         | wirelessly feels like a big claim.
         | 
         | And this is not entirely an exercise in pedantry and semantics,
         | since traditional radios were not wired, they weren't the "last
         | transmitter" in a long chain, but were rather often _the_
         | transmitter. The data for download had to be physically moved
         | _to_ the radio station. (I believe wireless extenders for radio
         | exists, and maybe even some wired for larger coverage, but my
         | understanding is radio still remains exceedingly local, and
         | national stations are largely transmitted via the internet
         | first.)
         | 
         | Though a quick aside; it's funny that you refer to wireless as
         | radio, when in radio's infancy, it was most commonly referred
         | to as "wireless" (e.g. "on the wireless").
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | In the UK transfer to the last wireless transmitter in radio
           | are almost always wired (ISDN or similar back in the 80s).
           | Wireless repeaters were used in the early days of TV, but
           | rare for radio
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Microwave links used to be used to transmit TV, calls and
           | data before fibre became commonplace. Presumably also radio
           | for nationwide stations at least.
        
       | giancarlostoro wrote:
       | I remember here on HN reading about some vinyl which had either
       | software or games on from the 80s but I dont recall the artist,
       | so this doesnt sound too far from that for me.
        
         | 4ndrewl wrote:
         | You're thinking of The Thompson Twins
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thompson_Twins_Adventure
        
           | Joeboy wrote:
           | Or could be
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage_(Chris_Sievey_song).
           | Or probably other things too.
           | 
           | Edit: There is a (small) wikipedia category for this:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vinyl_data
        
             | 4ndrewl wrote:
             | Idk thank you. My money is still on it being the Thompson
             | Twins though - they were top 10 regulars and household
             | names at the time. :)
        
               | Joeboy wrote:
               | My money says Frank Sidebottom (Chris Sievey's alter ego)
               | probably has more cultural currency than The Thompson
               | Twins in 202x. But obviously idk what they're thinking
               | of.
        
               | 4ndrewl wrote:
               | I would love that to be true!
        
         | nosianu wrote:
         | In the GDR there was this BASICODE record (German website, no
         | https, a personal blog site):
         | http://www.simulationsraum.de/blog/2016/01/08/hard-bit-rock/
         | 
         | (German) Wikipedia article:
         | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASICODE
         | 
         | I recorded to tape cassette GDR radio shows on VHF that
         | broadcast code, usually for the GDR "KC 85" 8 bit computer line
         | (U880 processor - Z80 clone).
         | 
         | Funny thing is, you could easily tell from the sounds if the
         | code was assembler or BASIC. The latter was much more orderly
         | and structured.
         | 
         | Problems occurred when someone nearby turned on an electrical
         | device during that transmission, because it was audible and
         | introduced too much of an error and the recording became
         | unusable.
        
         | jalk wrote:
         | Some computer magazines included a 7 inch "flexi" record with
         | software on. i.e.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexi_disc#/media/File:FloppyR...
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Occasionally magazines in the UK would come with cover
         | flexidiscs. They were similar to 7" records, but very much one
         | (maybe two or three) "plays" only, so your first job was to
         | copy the flexidisc to cassette tape.
         | 
         |  _Your Computer_ certainly had a few of these in the early
         | 1980s.
         | 
         | One example is documented here:
         | https://magazinesfromthepast.fandom.com/wiki/Your_Computer_V...
         | By the way, you have no idea how exciting and space-age that
         | cover looked in 1982.
        
         | vatys wrote:
         | Much later in the year 2000 there was the 8-Bit Construction
         | Set record: http://www.beigerecords.com/products/beg-004.html
         | 
         | It had Atari and Commodore music (as audio) as well as Atari
         | and Commodore software (as data).
         | 
         | Despite the claim on their old page to be the "first use of
         | vinyl for software distribution" they did later acknowledge and
         | reference some prior art in a Slashdot thread:
         | https://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=140154&threshold=-1&com...
        
           | giancarlostoro wrote:
           | This might be it, but I'm not 100% sure, my memory is not
           | what it used to be, there are also a few other good answers.
           | 
           | I wish HN would let you search upvoted comments and
           | submissions, it would revolutionize my life since I can
           | remember previous things I've upvoted, but have no easy way
           | to find any of them. I might sit down one day, and manually
           | export all my liked comments and subscriptions.
        
         | seba_dos1 wrote:
         | 1987 LP "Ponizej krytyki" of a Polish synth-pop group Papa
         | Dance had a ZX Spectrum quiz game about the band on it. I
         | actually have a copy of it. Pretty sure that wasn't the first
         | such record in general, but it likely was the first one in
         | Poland.
         | 
         | https://www.discogs.com/release/631562-Papa-Dance-Poni%C5%BC...
        
       | coreyh14444 wrote:
       | I definitely had cassette based games on the TRS-80, but most of
       | the "wireless" transmission in my youth was via BASIC printed in
       | the back of computer magazines. You had to type in the entire app
       | yourself. I did this for basically every app they listed.
       | Sometimes it was like tax prep software, but I didn't care, even
       | though I was like 9 at the time. Yes, it took a very long time.
       | Yes, you could easily introduce typos and bugs.
        
         | mysterydip wrote:
         | Sometimes the typos were in the magazine itself, and you
         | wouldn't figure out the problem with the code you triple-
         | checked you typed in properly until the errata in next month's
         | issue :)
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | Also typeset in a non-fixed width font with long lines
           | truncated to fit the copy layout!
        
           | jonwinstanley wrote:
           | The compiler/interpreter couldn't even tell you what line the
           | error was on!
           | 
           | You'd just get a big error message for the whole program.
        
             | aaronbaugher wrote:
             | After a while, magazines like Commodore Run and Compute
             | started including a short program that would checksum each
             | line as you entered it, so you could check that against a
             | checksum in the magazine. Of course, you had to get _that_
             | program typed in correctly first before you could use it to
             | enter others.
        
               | tantalor wrote:
               | I'm curious, can you say more about "as you entered it"?
               | 
               | Do you mean like, "for lines 1-20 the checksum should be
               | 0xDEADBEEF"? This would let you find the error before
               | finishing the program.
               | 
               | Or just at the end, it would checksum the whole thing?
        
               | onre wrote:
               | I remember borrowing a book from the library, which had a
               | type-in checksum program of this sort. It was done like
               | was common for C=64 things of this kind - there's a BASIC
               | FOR-loop iterating through a memory area, reading in
               | bytes from DATA statements you've typed in and POKEing
               | those bytes into memory, not completely unlike entering a
               | program manually from the front-panel switches of an
               | older computer.
               | 
               | So, after typing that in and probably SYSing (C=64 BASIC
               | command for executing machine code from arbitrary memory
               | location) to some address, it did print out a two-digit
               | (eight-bit) hex checksum after every BASIC line I entered
               | on the C=64 and the program listing in the book had the
               | correct checksums for every line, so spotting errors was
               | more or less instantaneous.
               | 
               | This stuff brings memories.                 FOR I=40960
               | TO 49152:POKE I,PEEK(I):NEXT I       POKE 1,54
               | 
               | From top of my head; loop through the BASIC interpreter
               | area, reading byte by byte with PEEK and POKEing those
               | bytes back to the same addresses. Sounds nonsensical? Not
               | so, because the C=64 does have full 64 kB of RAM, but
               | some of it is overlapped by ROMs. What happens here is
               | that you're reading from ROM but writes always go to RAM,
               | so you're copying the BASIC interpreter from ROM to RAM.
               | After that, the POKE statement turns off the ROM overlap
               | and the interpreter is now run from RAM, so you can edit
               | it live - and obviously cause all sorts of interesting
               | crash situations.
               | 
               | It sure did help later with career in IT to have
               | understood this kind of stuff at age of around ten.
        
               | rufus_foreman wrote:
               | A checksum for each line of code. COMPUTE! magazine used
               | one, the article introducing it and explaining how to use
               | it is at https://archive.org/details/1983-10-computegazet
               | te/page/n49/....
               | 
               | The code listings had a comment (rem) at the end of each
               | line with a checksum number, when you used the checksum
               | program it would display a checksum at the top of the
               | screen that would match if you entered the line
               | correctly.
               | 
               | An example page of code with checksums is at https://arch
               | ive.org/details/1983-10-computegazette/page/146/....
               | 
               | A life changing event for those of us entering code from
               | magazine listings in the early '80s.
        
               | moreati wrote:
               | Semi related, I created linesum a few years back
               | https://github.com/moreati/linesum to line by line
               | sha256.
        
               | unsui wrote:
               | My favorite was the "TYPO II" ("Type Your Program Once")
               | application, which was part of every Antic! Magazine
               | program listing:
               | 
               | https://www.atarimagazines.com/v3n9/TYPOII.html
               | https://www.atarimagazines.com/antic/
               | 
               | This was wrapper around the BASIC interpreter that
               | printed out a 2-character checksum of each entered code
               | line.
               | 
               | The magazine printing also had an associated 2-character
               | checksum for each line. Your job: make sure the checksums
               | matched.
               | 
               | As a teenager who only had cassette-based storage
               | (couldn't afford a disk drive) and was addicted to typing
               | in programs from Antic! and ANALOG magazines, this was a
               | lifesaver.
               | 
               | (ANALOG's checksum program wasn't quite as convenient,
               | and, IIRC, required a disk drive?)
        
             | ako wrote:
             | For the zx81 i think it was usually some encoded binary
             | form, so no compiler/interpreter involved.
        
           | kotor wrote:
           | My exact memory. When you did finally get everything correct,
           | the program could take 15 minutes to load from the cassette
           | tape. I remember upgrading my Commodore 64 with a floppy disk
           | and loading programs in 2 minutes (which felt instantaneous
           | by comparison).
        
             | ratg13 wrote:
             | I never had a tape deck, and was constantly flustered by
             | "press play on tape" messages.
        
         | section_me wrote:
         | The post man always bent our magazine and pushed it in the cat
         | flap making the included disk useless (even though it was
         | clearly marked "DO NOT BEND!"), so I remember having to type
         | everything out and sometimes correct the typos introduced into
         | the print version. Fun times.
        
           | ztetranz wrote:
           | Floppy disks DO NOT BEND!
           | 
           | Oh yes they do.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | At least the 5 1/4 disks did. 3 1/2 disks did not like it
             | at all. As long as you didn't crease anything the 5 1/4s
             | would usually still work. The data wasn't especially dense
             | on those (if you could see magnetic fields the patches
             | would have been large enough to be visible to the naked
             | eye) so the could take some abuse. At least until the
             | magnetic coating started flaking off.
        
         | krige wrote:
         | Oh god yes
         | 
         | And that in the era when you could see not much of your code
         | all at once, and trying to catch the issue with LIST was a pain
         | too
        
         | llm_nerd wrote:
         | My older brother would type in games on the Atari 400 from
         | magazines like Compute! The 400 had a brutal membrane keyboard,
         | and we had no storage so you could then enjoy it until the
         | device powered down and then that work was lost.
         | 
         | The computer was half a decade old at this point but we were
         | poor so it was pretty great to us.
         | 
         | After he finished hours of typing in a game, he called my
         | friend and I to see the magic of first run. My friend, having
         | never seen the 400 before, pops open the cartridge cover to see
         | what's in there, which is an action that powers off the
         | computer.
        
           | jonwinstanley wrote:
           | Painful! I remember being able to at least store the finished
           | program on a floppy. Luxury!
        
         | colkassad wrote:
         | I did the same with an Atari 400 that had a cassette tape. I
         | remember it would take 30 minutes or so to load/save games I
         | copied from magazines. The keyboard was torture. I then moved
         | on to very rudimentary text adventures of my own once I felt a
         | bit comfortable with BASIC. I'm very glad my father bought that
         | for me...he was a painter and we didn't have a lot of money
         | then. It was extremely formative.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | A buddy of mine and I realized that if one of us read the code
         | while the other typed, it was much less prone to errors. Once
         | we got it all typed in, we'd switch places when debugging the
         | inevitable typos made. The DATA lines full of nonsensical text
         | (what we now know was hex encoded data) were the go to place
         | for checking for typos.
        
           | nunez wrote:
           | Wow; old-school driver-navigator pairing. Really cool!
        
         | cstuder wrote:
         | The german C64 magazine "64er" had an application which allowed
         | "easy" entry of assembly applications by means of a hex
         | encoding and used a checksum on each line to prevent bugs from
         | typos. Still an incredible chore.
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | It was called _" checksummer"_ which is a funny pun on check
           | sum and _" summer"_ which is the German word for buzzer. Oh,
           | I should add that it made an annoying buzzer sound when you
           | made a mistake.
        
         | kolanos wrote:
         | Doing this is one of my earliest memories. I think I was 5 or
         | 6. I hadn't even mastered reading yet and I was typing a game
         | into an IBM XT clone (think it was QBasic) one character at a
         | time. Don't think I would have bothered with a tax prep
         | program, though. Now that's dedication.
         | 
         | Edit: Could not have been QBasic as it wasn't released until
         | 1991 and I was doing this in 1987-1988. So maybe GW Basic?
         | Whatever came standard on an IBM XT clone from Taiwan.
        
         | waltbosz wrote:
         | I remember my Dad read an article in some computer magazine
         | back in the day about hacks you could do to the Balderdash
         | video game for Atari. I'm not sure what he had to do, maybe use
         | a hex editor on the binary. He was able to do things like make
         | Rockford eat objects besides dirt and diamonds, or be
         | invulnerable, or there could be multiple Rockfords on the
         | screen at one.
        
         | nsenifty wrote:
         | There was something magical starting to type a listing that
         | started with `10 GOSUB 10000`.
        
         | Projectiboga wrote:
         | I typed out a blood alcohol calculator in BASIC on my Apple
         | clone around 85 or 86, body weight, amount of drinks and it
         | charted out BAC over time. It was interesting to see the
         | variations between a number a drinks and timing. Don't recall
         | if it was BYTE or some other source.
        
         | nocman wrote:
         | The ones I did this from were "Compute!" and "Compute's
         | Gazette! (for Commodore 64 and VIC-20)". They were all octal
         | numbers, if I remember correctly, and the last number in each
         | row was a checksum. I also paid my sister to type in some of
         | them in for me. A lot of them were games, but there were also
         | some very useful programs in there. I spent _so_ many late
         | nights typing away on that 8-bit machine. It was a cool time to
         | be a kid who was interested in computers.
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | This is what I had to do. It was probably beneficial. I was
         | pretty young.. 10-12? My dad is also an engineer and would help
         | me debug the programs after I typed them in, teaching me BASIC
         | as we went. I wasn't necessarily able to understand it all but
         | it probably built me a foundation for programming no different
         | than introducing children to a 2nd language earlier rather than
         | later.
         | 
         | There were also books I checked out of the library. These
         | sometimes presented additional difficulties as we didn't have a
         | computer powerful enough to take advantage of everything in the
         | book, or had a completely wrong environment.
         | 
         | I must have been weirdly motivated but in some way I think this
         | was better than the way everything is spoonfed and easy for
         | kids today if they want it? My son is not motivated the same
         | way, it's just too easy to go over to a game or something else
         | that's less challenging. Quite a few of my friends who also
         | became software engineers/computer scientists had a very
         | similar experience in the late 80s and early 90s.
        
         | ryoshu wrote:
         | Main way I learned how to program was computer magazines and
         | copying code. I still do things like redrawing reference
         | architecture diagrams from scratch, because I can focus on each
         | portion and think about how the data flows between services.
        
         | nurettin wrote:
         | The hardest programs to type were in 6502 assembly. One byte
         | mistake and the entire program was botched.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | there was "live streaming" of concerts over special phone lines
       | in the early/mid 1960's and sending photos over a dot matrix
       | phone line system in the late 1940's first "drone" flight of an
       | unmaned aircraft, steered by radio control was in the late
       | 19teens old technical books and album covers, reveal the oddest
       | stuff... so we are kind of living in an "alternate history" where
       | everything that could of happened, actualy is happening, all at
       | once, right now
        
       | flohofwoe wrote:
       | Here's a personal record of Prof Dr Horst Volz (basically the
       | figure head of East German hobby computing) about his computer
       | radio show which featured such downloads over radio (in German):
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20250127135637/http://horstvoelz...
       | 
       | The most remarkable detail might be the collaboration across the
       | Iron Curtain with West German and Dutch computer enthusiasts.
        
       | Joeboy wrote:
       | From my subjective experience, having "been there at the time", I
       | think this was sufficiently obscure that "not really a thing" is
       | not an unreasonable take. It's a bit like "Yes, in the 2020s we
       | got NFTs tattooed on our bodies".
       | 
       | Edit: Although having just googled it it seems like NFT tattoos
       | might be more of a thing than I was aware, so what do I know.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | It was 'big in East Germany' though (see my comment about Prof
         | Dr Horst Voelz). A translated section from that link:
         | 
         | "The response to the show was unexpectedly overwhelming. Over
         | the course of the approximately 60 episodes, the station
         | received a total of approximately 50,000 letters from
         | listeners. This was unprecedented in the history of
         | broadcasting."
         | 
         | ...and of course as a teenager I was eagerly awaiting each show
         | and recorded the programs that were broadcasted at the end :)
        
         | p3rls wrote:
         | Eh, I was a little too young to be there at the time but your
         | experience sounds infinitely cooler than a NFT tattoo which
         | just might be the lamest thing I've heard in my life and I feel
         | worse about the world for learning about.
        
         | koonsolo wrote:
         | It's probably obscure, but anyone from that time would find it
         | plausible because we know both radio and computers used
         | cassettes.
         | 
         | So for me, this title was "Yeah, I get it how that would work".
         | 
         | For fun I just asked my 16 year old son "Do you think it was
         | possible in the past to download a computer game from the
         | radio?". He thought is was impossible, and had no clue how that
         | would work when asked further :D. It totally confused him
         | because "you can't play games on a radio".
         | 
         | Those were indeed different times.
        
       | caseyy wrote:
       | I read this is how the CD Projekt Red founders smuggled Western
       | games into the Iron Curtain states. I think it's an urban myth,
       | but separately, the founders smuggled games into the USSR, and
       | some games were smuggled through the radio then.
        
         | pfoof wrote:
         | According to the story, he wrote a letter to some western guy
         | and he sent him back a cassette with a game or two, and then
         | the copying spree started.
        
         | snozolli wrote:
         | I remember hearing about people who were really into data
         | broadcast over shortwave radio. They were mostly prepper types,
         | but I'm sure there were some pirates among them.
         | 
         | Here's a pretty thorough article on data over radio:
         | 
         | https://www.nutsvolts.com/magazine/article/may2015_Steber
        
       | ochrist wrote:
       | The transmissions from NOS in The Netherlands could be received
       | here in Denmark, and I actually succeeded in downloading several
       | programs based on the BASICODE 2 standard. At that time
       | (eighties), people had all sorts of home computers, but this way
       | we could actually run the same programs, whether you had a BBC
       | computer, a ZX81 or one of the many other brands. The way it
       | worked was that the programs used a common (primitive) BASIC
       | dialect, and where there was a difference, a subroutine was added
       | with a high line number. E.g. instead of clear screen you would
       | just write GOSUB 100. There's a user manual here:
       | https://archive.org/details/BASICODE2Manual/page/n7/mode/2up
        
         | robertpnl wrote:
         | Here is an example of the sound that was heard on the radio for
         | approximately 2 to 3 minutes that was broadcasted on the Dutch
         | radio. https://on.soundcloud.com/QAUa2Kkgef1gDxDQ6
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | There's only a 3 second sample out of the 2 minutes of radio
           | programming.
        
           | smitelli wrote:
           | To my ear it sounds like AFSK, kind of like the Bell 202
           | scheme. Here's the first passable search result I found with
           | a clean recording:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PXxSHGrF-8
        
         | smilespray wrote:
         | You with your fancy GOSUB-supporting computer...
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | Fun fact: ham radio operators to this day use a similar technique
       | to distribute images - it's called slow scan television.
        
         | simondanerd wrote:
         | Also check out rtty and FT8/FT4 for those interested in other
         | "digital over analog" modes.
        
           | flyinghamster wrote:
           | Bell 202 lives on as well:
           | https://www.windytan.com/2014/02/mystery-signal-from-
           | helicop...
           | 
           | In this case, continuous GPS coordinates are sent on one
           | audio channel while the other channel is voice.
        
       | saltysalt wrote:
       | I played games on a Commodore 64 from cassette tapes, in
       | principal you could record games onto a blank cassette but it was
       | very flaky. Good times though.
        
         | HNDen21 wrote:
         | I did this all the time... even used a double cassette deck to
         | make copies... azimuth was the problem if the heads were
         | aligned different.. so you used a small screwdriver and the top
         | of the cassette had a small opening, this is where you had to
         | align the heads by listening till it didn't sound distorted..
         | fun times
         | 
         | See also https://sqlservercode.blogspot.com/2016/11/what-was-
         | first-co...
        
           | saltysalt wrote:
           | Oh nice, I never knew about that!
        
           | makeset wrote:
           | Then came a nifty upgrade called "LED control" which
           | installed a red LED next to that screw so all you had to do
           | was turn until it was brightest, significantly reducing ?LOAD
           | ERROR. Good times.
        
             | HNDen21 wrote:
             | Yep, there was also a program where a red line would be on
             | your monitor and you had to turn the screw until the line
             | was completely flat
        
           | j_french wrote:
           | From what I remember I had a decent amount of success copying
           | games using a twin tape deck for my amstrad 464. I ended up
           | passing on the amstrad to a colleague over a decade ago, who
           | since moved to the US and is almost certainly on here. If you
           | see this Jim, I found the manual!
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I was born in 1980 in an Eastern European country. You could
       | download games and software from TV, too. Provided you had the
       | hardware to run them.
       | 
       | In 1986, a friend of my father, who was a computer science
       | teacher, showed me a ZX Spectrum clone built using a Z80 CPU
       | clone, he used at high school to teach kids.
       | 
       | But it wasn't until I was 10 or 11 years old, after the fall of
       | the communist regime my parents afforded to buy me a ZX Spectrum
       | clone, when kids in other countries already used IBM compatible
       | PCs.
       | 
       | I still have fond memories of it, it was the computer where I
       | first tried to program, typing BASIC commands from books.
        
         | pasc1878 wrote:
         | Also in the UK.
         | 
         | Ceefax provided various programs for the BBC Micro. Or more
         | generally https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesoftware
        
       | bpoyner wrote:
       | This is great and I believe it. But saying your game would be
       | loaded "after a few minutes" might be true for a small game. I
       | had the Commodore 1541 floppy drive while my friend had the
       | Commodore Datasette. The speed difference between these were
       | huge. The floppy drive was around 300 bytes per second while the
       | tape drive was around 50 bytes per second (3KB/minute). We would
       | literally go outside to play while waiting on the tape drive.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | The beeb could do 1200 baud. I'm pretty sure you could load any
         | game in 5 minutes. A 7 minute tape could hold 64KB.
         | 
         | Wikipedia says the Spectrum could do even better.
        
         | HNDen21 wrote:
         | That's why you needed it saved with Turbo. it was at least 10
         | times faster.. I used to have this cartridge... besides turbo
         | it had some more things, it could grab a hardcopy of memory (ie
         | if you were playing a game.. you could save it... and then load
         | it later, it would be in the same state)
         | 
         | https://www.ami64.com/product-page/kcs-power-cartridge-c64
         | 
         | See also https://sqlservercode.blogspot.com/2016/11/what-was-
         | first-co...
        
         | Marazan wrote:
         | That's what you get for using an inferior machine. Spectrum
         | users had no such problem.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | 300 Bps is demon speed! I remember using an acoustic coupler to
         | access the early internet at 300 BAUD (i.e. 300 bps), or about
         | 30 char/sec.
         | 
         | Later on, I also remember downloading Linux kernel tarballs,
         | hot off the press, via FTP using 9600 bps modem (if I recall
         | correctly - slow as crap), which I'd kick off before going to
         | bed and hope for the best in the morning. Sometimes I'd make a
         | script to download a few different files at once.
         | 
         | On the theme of slow computing in general, I remember doing
         | embedded software builds on a PDP 11 (Xenix) that would take an
         | hour or so to complete - so you'd go and practice your juggling
         | or somesuch waiting for it to complete.
         | 
         | Still, the big thrill in mid-late 70's had been the switch from
         | batch punched card deck submissions to a mainframe (an hour
         | later comeback to collect the syntax error, or core dump
         | printout) to being ONLINE (woo hoo!) - sitting in front of a
         | terminal and actually interacting with a computer in real time!
        
       | cvladan wrote:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilator_202
        
         | tenderfault wrote:
         | awesome stuff, YT has it and modli.rs is, well, up and running.
         | 
         | thank you!
        
       | cvladan wrote:
       | I really thought this was widely known...
       | 
       | https://hackaday.com/2024/05/09/the-zx-spectrum-takes-to-the...
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | https://xkcd.com/1053/
        
       | cvladan wrote:
       | https://www.racunalniski-muzej.si/en/40-years-later-a-game-f...
        
       | ohgr wrote:
       | I pirated music from the radio too!
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | Nitpick: It's not 'pirating' when it's for your own use, only
         | when you 'distribute' it to others. Of course nobody cared
         | either way ;)
        
           | bmacho wrote:
           | Distributing later would be Robin-Hooding. Pirating is for
           | personal gain
        
         | lifestyleguru wrote:
         | Home taping is killing music. You see what you've done? Modern
         | music doesn't even have lyrics. Is ded.
        
       | thiagoharry wrote:
       | In Brazil, during the 80s there was a service called "telegame".
       | A user could use an Atari 2600 cartridge connected to a modem to
       | download games from a catalogue of 150 diferente games.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I bet that worked pretty well considering an Atari 2600 cart is
         | 4kb. Even over a 300 baud modem with all of the encoding
         | overhead that's about 20 seconds to download the whole thing.
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | Minimodem with and without Icecast can do today. But better if
       | you share small games like the ZMachine ones.
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | We also downloaded software from our TV's in the UK via the BBC
       | micro's Prestel adaptor.
       | 
       | A much more mainstream way of sharing software was source code
       | listings - typically BASIC - in magazines like Dr. Dobbs, that
       | you would type in yourself.
       | 
       | I wonder how many of today's youth are also aware of the bulletin
       | board systems (BBS) that existed pre-internet - standalone
       | servers that you would connect to via modem to socialize and/or
       | download files using protocols like Kermit, and X/Y/Zmodem.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | BBSes postdated internets (at the time often "catenets"),
         | though only by a few years. They were just open to more people
         | for a long time.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | BBS had been available from late 70's - initially using
           | acoustic couplers rather than modems. The internet (as
           | distinct from ARPANET) wasn't created until early 80's, and
           | what most people today think of as the internet - the WWW -
           | wasn't publicly available until the early 90's.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Well, I investigated, and I was wrong. BBSes did predate
             | the internet--but not, as you say, by several years.
             | Rather, the time gap was about six to ten months, because
             | the internet (as distinct from ARPANET) was created in late
             | 01978, not the early 01980s. (Also, we didn't use acoustic
             | couplers _instead_ of modems; modems were what we were
             | coupling with our acoustic couplers.)
             | 
             | Ward Christensen and Randy Suess put the first BBS,
             | CBBS/Chicago, online in February 01978.
             | 
             | As for internets, Louis Pouzin proposed internetworking in
             | 01974, and Cerf and Kahn published "A _Proposal_ for Packet
             | Network Intercommunication "
             | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1092259 the same year.
             | Within the ARPANET project, the Internet Experiment Note
             | series began in 01977. IEN 1 https://www.rfc-
             | editor.org/ien/ien1.pdf is dated "29 July 1977". But,
             | although it's talking about "the last couple of years" and
             | "the ARPANET internetworking community", it seems to be
             | talking about proposals for networking protocols to
             | implement, not reporting results from actual experiments.
             | IEN 65 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien65.pdf are the
             | meeting notes from the TCP meeting of August 5, 01977,
             | including an assignment of what would later be called
             | "class A" IP network numbers; for example, network
             | 18[.0.0.0] is assigned to LCS at MIT, an assignment MIT
             | still retains today, and network 10[.0.0.0] is assigned to
             | ARPANET, an assignment it would retain until it was shut
             | down. But that doesn't mean they could actually send
             | packets with those addresses yet. At that point they were
             | still considering things like variable-length addresses (in
             | IEN 66).
             | 
             | Even in IEN 22 in February 01978 https://www.rfc-
             | editor.org/ien/ien22.pdf they are talking about all plans
             | to set up routers in the future tense, while IEN 46 from
             | June 01978 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien46.txt talks
             | about MIT already having two local networks (apparently
             | participating in the internet experiment) and concerns
             | about "upheaval to (...) gateway [router] code".
             | 
             | IEN 51 from July 01978 reports high levels of packet loss
             | in the SATNET gateways https://www.rfc-
             | editor.org/ien/ien51.txt, suggesting that UCL was somewhat
             | successfully internetworking at that point.
             | 
             | But IEN 53 from August 01978 opens saying, "Vint put the
             | stress on the need for the Internet to be a working system
             | very soon," proposing various milestone dates for 01979,
             | though it also reports that "3 gateways are up between
             | SATNET & ARPANET", and that an internet was up and working
             | at PARC interconnecting 22 to 25 ethernets over PRNET, but
             | presumably not using IP (at the time called IN).
             | 
             | IEN 60 from October 01978 https://www.rfc-
             | editor.org/ien/ien60.pdf section V reports, "Testing of
             | this [new shortest path] routing algorithm [is] in
             | progress[,] and it should be operational in the
             | ARPANET/PRNET gateways and the ARPANET/SATNET gateways by
             | the end of this year."
             | 
             | Later that month, IEN 63 https://www.rfc-
             | editor.org/ien/ien63.pdf reports, "A number of [Internet]
             | feasibility demos have been done. We need to show an
             | operational [Internet] capability. In June 1979, eighty
             | users will be online via PRNET in Ft. Bragg. In April 1979,
             | there will be a PRNET demo at Ft. Sill. In May-June 1979,
             | UCL will be disconnected from the rest of the ARPANET and
             | will depend on the Internet system." It also reports that
             | at BBN the SATNET-ARPANET router and the PRNET-ARPANET
             | router are now operating, and asks, "Is IN [IP] available
             | directly without TCP?" Forgie at Lincoln Lab reports, "Hope
             | to have an internet speech capability up by the end of the
             | year." This is also when today's minimum MTU of 576 octets
             | was established.
             | 
             | In IEN 76 https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien76.pdf in
             | January 01979, "Ginny [Strazisar at BBN] noted that both
             | the SATNET and PRNET gateways will run both IN-4 [IPv4] and
             | old protocols by the end of January." So at this point they
             | did in fact have the internet up and working. BBN reported
             | success running TCP/IP ("TCP-4") on PDP-11 Unix, Noel
             | Chiappa at MIT LCS had four running internet nodes on
             | Multics, and at NDRE in Norway "TCP-4 has been running for
             | about three months".
             | 
             | So I think that, by any reasonable definition, the internet
             | that we're using today was up and running in late 01978, on
             | multiple operating systems and multiple continents. It just
             | wasn't very big yet. The packets they were sending would
             | probably have been interpretable by today's Wireshark,
             | though I'm not sure about that (IEN 54 defined the IP
             | header format that was standardized in RFC 760, but there
             | might be subtle incompatibilities, and I'm less sure about
             | TCP), and even some of today's IP-address space allocations
             | were already established. If you were to bring up a
             | software emulation of the Multics TCP/IP stack on your LAN,
             | you could probably telnet to it.
             | 
             | The other internets like the one at Xerox PARC might have
             | predated the TCP/IP internet we use today, but not by more
             | than a few months--not by enough to predate the BBS. IBM's
             | internal corporate worldwide computer network was a few
             | years earlier; I forget what it was called, but I don't
             | think it was an internet.
             | 
             | My error was that I had thought that there were _lots_ of
             | internetworking experiments in the years leading up to
             | IPv4, given that the concept was published four years
             | earlier. I didn 't appreciate the slowness of the
             | development of the necessary software and the resulting
             | degree of preplanning and deliberation. BBN's Unix TCP/IP
             | was written in PDP-11 assembly, and presumably the TCP/IP
             | stacks for Multics and the PDP-10 were also written in
             | assembly, which may be one reason for the slowness.
             | 
             | As for "what most people today think of as the internet",
             | ignorant people have all kinds of stupid misconceptions.
             | They think that cellphones send radio signals to
             | satellites, that Christopher Columbus discovered the United
             | States, that Henry Ford invented the automobile, that many
             | people eat too much salt, that microwave ovens are
             | radioactive, that vaccines cause autism, and that Xbox Live
             | and WhatsApp don't use the internet. But presumably nobody
             | that ignorant is participating in this discussion, so I
             | don't know why you'd bring it up.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | > But presumably nobody that ignorant is participating in
               | this discussion.
               | 
               | Perhaps not, but maybe not even fair to categorize it as
               | ignorance. Many techies will have only grown up in the
               | web era and therefore think that web-pages and smartphone
               | apps are the internet. How many have used an NNTP client,
               | or even know what one was.
               | 
               | Are you a bot? Your response and five-digit dates are
               | distinctly odd ...
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Someone who doesn't know the difference between the WWW
               | and the internet isn't yet a "techie". At some point in
               | your journey to being a techie, you have to notice that
               | when your home internet connection goes out or your
               | Android is on a network that "can't provide IP", you
               | can't connect to Minecraft servers, make calls on a SIP
               | phone, torrent, chat on WhatsApp, or play Xbox Live.
               | 
               | I'm not a bot.
               | 
               | It is true that it would be more normal to respond to
               | your comment with personal attacks or poorly thought out
               | non sequiturs rather than reading through meeting notes
               | from the late 01970s to find out what the truth was, then
               | admitting I was wrong.
               | 
               | This abnormality is why people often respond to my HN
               | comments by saying things like
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43494574: "This kind
               | of comment is the reason I come to HN. Thank you for
               | taking the time to share your knowledge with us."
               | 
               | I wish more people were abnormal in this way.
               | 
               | Normality is by definition mediocre; excellence is
               | therefore both abnormal and an act of dissent, conscious
               | or unconscious. Dare to be abnormal.
        
               | drivers99 wrote:
               | On 5-digit years and Y10K compliance
               | https://longnow.org/ideas/long-now-years-five-digit-
               | dates-an...
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | This would have been amazing if I had known about it. I had an
       | Atari 600XL about 1984 I never even heard of a Commodore 64 back
       | then. We wouldn't have been able to afford it anyway. I'm still
       | shocked that my parents even bought me the Atari.
       | 
       | I did eventually get a cassette storage device. I wonder would it
       | have worked for Atari too?
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | This is wild. Was it a European thing only? I never heard of it
       | in the states. I was stuck typing in games from the back pages of
       | _Compute 's Gazette_...
        
         | pantulis wrote:
         | I remember a Spanish radio program doing this ("Bienvenido Mr.
         | chip")
        
       | atoav wrote:
       | I know audio gear that does firmware updates via audio input.
       | 
       | The most obscure thing I have ever seen is a device that received
       | firmware updates by strobing the bits as light into a photodiode.
       | You would go to a website on your phone, press upload and hold
       | the phone in front of the thing.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | There was a brief period during the late 90s/early 2000s before
         | WiFi became ubiquitous that laptops came with IR
         | transmitters/receivers for streaming data.
         | 
         | It was always touchy, slow, required an unbroken line of sight,
         | and poorly supported by both the OS and application software,
         | but I did make it work a couple of times. The PDAs of the time
         | used a similar technology to send contact information (business
         | cards) between devices.
        
       | lemonad wrote:
       | Same in Sweden! One of the public radio channels (P2) had some
       | nighttime shows with Commodore 64 programs. I can't remember if
       | it was purely BASIC programs or just loaders using data
       | statements for machine code. Seems really impractical now but
       | back then everyone was using cassette tapes to record music from
       | the radio and the C64 had a cassette deck to load software, so it
       | worked quite well. Except that they, as far as I remember, did
       | not use compression so most programs took ages to broadcast.
        
       | CakeEngine wrote:
       | Also in the 80s we (by which I mean other people), downloaded
       | software from the television by sticking an LDR to the screen
       | whilst a dot flashed black and white during the duration of a
       | programme. A program from a programme.
       | 
       | I remember see the dot a few times, but it was probably very
       | short lived.
        
       | theginger wrote:
       | Something I also remember from tv was what I think they called
       | data bursts, at the end of certain TV shows they would play a few
       | seconds of still frames full of information, like flicking
       | through a magazine in 10 seconds. You would record this on a VCR
       | and play it back frame by frame, occasionally it included some
       | computer code to manually type in, it was pretty terrible because
       | paused video frames tended to be a bit unstable.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Datablast, and Tom Scott has a video on it:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBs_ABt-hRc
         | 
         | It's one of those ideas that makes a whole lot more sense at
         | the broadcast studio where everyone edits on consoles[0] tied
         | to Betacam decks that have exact, to-the-field seek timecodes
         | and stable freeze frame capability. Even a 4-head VCR would
         | utterly ruin it though.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEMdmnNbCZA
        
       | pknerd wrote:
       | My brain is unable to grasp it..How does it work and at what
       | speed things used to get downloaded?
        
         | jpalomaki wrote:
         | Regular audio cassettes were also used as storage medium for
         | software. Distributing over radio just mean playing these
         | tapes. And people could then record the broadcast at home and
         | load the software from cassette.
        
         | gizajob wrote:
         | This is the "loading" of the classic ZX Spectrum computer game
         | Manic Miner coded by programming genius Mathew Smith. The data
         | is converted into audio and sold on cassette tapes. Instead of
         | a disk drive, you would plug in an audio cassette tape player
         | into the ZX Spectrum computer and "play" the sound into the
         | computer, which would then read this audio as data and use it
         | to load the game into memory, after which it could then be
         | played. So instead of distributing the audio as cassette, in
         | this case that same audio is broadcast over the radio and
         | people would record it from the radio onto a cassette tape.
         | Then playing the cassette into the computer would load
         | ("download") the game into the machine. Primitive but it works,
         | and what we had to put up with.
         | 
         | Imagine being six years old and wanting to play Manic Miner,
         | and having to sit there for 6 minutes while your TV did this
         | before you could play the game:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/kHn_BvTBALI?si=5CrKYa6DlNZTN7In
         | 
         | (Please watch in full without doing anything else or scrolling
         | for the authentic experience)
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | More or less just like Wi-Fi.
         | 
         | Your wi-fi access point takes electrical signals coming from
         | something else, like a router, and turns them into radio waves
         | that are captured by the antenna on your phone or computer.
         | This is, then, fed to the Wi-Fi controller on your phone or
         | computer which translates these transmissions back into
         | electrical signals.
         | 
         | Loads of math are involved in getting it right, but that's the
         | gist of it.
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | The data is encoded in subtle shifts in the frequency. This is
         | a type of _modulation_. Look up
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_modulation and
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-shift_keying
        
         | drivers99 wrote:
         | This series of videos walks through building a circuit to
         | decode one type of audio data format that was used in the 80s
         | and send data to a computer and discusses how the audio signal
         | works and simple circuit to turn it into digital data
         | https://www.gregorystrike.com/2023/01/07/kansas-city-standar...
         | 
         | (I just got another one of these kits because I had previously
         | built, successfully tested, then threw it out after I had some
         | issues using it as-is, but I want to build it again with the
         | additional electronics experience I have now.)
        
       | ks2048 wrote:
       | The closest thing I remember (late 80s) was getting video games
       | by copying the BASIC source code (typing it out by hand) from
       | magazines from the library.
        
       | kookamamie wrote:
       | We then made turbo tapes out of them and crammed tens of games
       | onto single C-cassettes.
        
       | giusc wrote:
       | Coincidently, downloading anything from wi-fi or cellular network
       | is exactly the same thing. Just on steroids.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Remember when you could "hear" cellular transmission when you
         | moved a cell phone too close to a speaker? That was
         | cool/annoying.
        
           | eszed wrote:
           | My grandparents - sometime in the '80s - had an early-model
           | cordless phone. It was a lovely object: the ivory-colored
           | plastic handset was a smooth curve, with no sharp edges.
           | Being able to talk on the phone from the backyard was magic!
           | It had just enough range that my grandmother could carry on a
           | conversation throughout her daily circumnavigation of the
           | house to turn on the sprinklers.
           | 
           | Sometime after they got it, so did their next-door neighbors
           | (not necessarily the same model: they weren't - irony! - on
           | speaking terms), and then sometimes you'd pick up the handset
           | and find yourself eavesdropping on both sides of the
           | neighbor's phone call. Fortunately, the manufacturer had
           | anticipated this: there was a three-position frequency-
           | selection switch on the side. (I can't remember if the base
           | station hopped to whatever you set on the handset, or if you
           | had to set it manually on the base, too.) That worked fine
           | for a while, we used frequency #2, the neighbors used... one
           | of the others, until (I assume - we never heard anyone else's
           | calls) a further-away neighbor or two also got a cordless
           | phone, and the next-door folks had to frequency hop.
           | 
           | They put up with that for a while, and then sadly reverted to
           | corded phones until more-advanced cordless tech became
           | available.
        
           | ben7799 wrote:
           | This still works if you get your phone too close to an
           | electric guitar!
        
       | nunez wrote:
       | Insane that there are people denying that this happened. I wasn't
       | born during this period, but being able to download stuff off of
       | terrestrial radio is completely believable. What do people think
       | Wi-Fi or cellular networks are???
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | > _What do people think_
         | 
         | Well...
         | 
         | > _do people think_
         | 
         | Often, no.
        
         | forestgreen76 wrote:
         | For real. It's really not that much of a stretch.
        
         | cobbaut wrote:
         | I was alive, and it did happen.
         | 
         | I never did it myself, but did get copies of the (British I
         | think) broadcasts on cassette for the ZX Spectrum. iirc a
         | program would be about five-six minutes of beeps.
        
         | quenched wrote:
         | I did this in New Zealand around 1985-6 on Saturday mornings
         | around 930 IIRC. It was recorded onto cassette tape and then
         | loaded into our BBC Micro B. We couldn't afford a disk drive. I
         | can also remember typing in many BASIC programs from magazine
         | listings. That was how we learned.
        
       | buildsjets wrote:
       | There are websites with WAV files of software cassettes. You can
       | connect the audio out of your cellphone to the cassette input of
       | your Apple ][ and load audio directly from the web.
       | 
       | https://asciiexpress.net/gameserver/readme.html
        
         | nacnud wrote:
         | Ah, the retro equivalent of "curl -L <script-url> | bash" ...
         | :)
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Yep. But of course security was not a concern with the
           | machines of the era. At all. There wasn't even the concept
           | beyond locking the entire computer away in a cabinet. For the
           | most part a virus couldn't hurt your machine or survive a
           | power off, although there are a few machines of the era with
           | buggy "killer registers" that you could set that would cause
           | a malfunction serious enough that could burn out some part of
           | the machine.
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | We downloaded from the radio and copied with our cheap Japanese
       | ghetto blasters[1]. It was the easiest and fastest way.
       | 
       | [1] We used to use the term "boombox" but I am afraid no one
       | still knows that term, so ghetto blaster it is.
        
       | reverendsteveii wrote:
       | we never downloaded anything from the radio but we did absolutely
       | use audio cassette dubbing to copy code
        
       | Mashimo wrote:
       | "Hallo? Can you play Frogger, for my Atari?"
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_Oe4aB_lG4
        
       | danieldk wrote:
       | Modern counterpart: the Teenage Engineering PO-32 drum machine
       | can get samples/patches through it's mic or line-in. Some people
       | have Youtube videos with patches in them. E.g. here is a playlist
       | where each video has a section with patch transfer (sounds like
       | an old modem):
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbD49LoIZ_0&list=PLk5kr7-twZ...
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | This is actually more common than we might think in the music
         | world. TC Electronic and a few other guitar/effect companies
         | also had audio based ways to transmit program data into effects
         | pedals.
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | Mid-90's in the United States...
       | 
       | Somehow I bought a Hauppauge TV tuner card, it may have been this
       | one:
       | 
       | https://www.ebay.com/itm/325897614012
       | 
       | "Receive data broadcasts with Intercast and Wavetop"
       | 
       | Now, I don't remember anything I specifically downloaded using
       | this. I'm not sure if it was still being used at the time, or if
       | it was even supported in my area. I picked the tuner card up at a
       | surplus store and it was at least a year or two old at that time.
       | 
       | I remember you needed to use a certain application and images or
       | websites or something would appear in a browser while you were
       | watching a TV show.
       | 
       | Edit: Intel Intercast, apparently
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercast#:~:text=Intercast%20...
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Some (I want to say mainly British) rock bands even included C64
       | games on their records.
       | 
       | The cassette interface to old 8-bitters is basically a modem, so
       | you can transmit programs anywhere you can achieve a clear enough
       | audio signal: cassettes, CDs, MP3 players, the radio...
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | BASICODE: the 8-bit programming API that crossed the Berlin Wall
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1vCpm1-9Yc
       | 
       | https://github.com/robhagemans
       | 
       | In German https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEsOwE_dpiU
        
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