[HN Gopher] Can Earth's rotation generate power? Physicists divi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Can Earth's rotation generate power? Physicists divided over
       controversial claim
        
       Author : qnleigh
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2025-03-30 18:41 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | threeseed wrote:
       | Current = 25.4 +- 1.5 nA, Voltage = 17.3 +- 1.5 uV.
       | 
       | Making total power for the 30cm shell = 0.44 picowatts.
        
         | cedws wrote:
         | Still more net energy than fusion reactors have ever produced.
        
           | number6 wrote:
           | That's untrue
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | No, it took far more electricity to make than it produces
           | over any conceivable lifetime.
        
       | ChrisNorstrom wrote:
       | My Stupid Question, please don't laugh:
       | 
       | If you did this on a massive enough scale, to generate serious
       | amounts of power, would that accidentally slow the Earth's
       | rotation down over time?
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | I'm not saying that is why we left Mars.
        
           | aeve890 wrote:
           | Yeah, after making an oopsie with a runaway greenhouse effect
           | in Venus. All this has happened before and it will happen
           | again.
        
             | amarant wrote:
             | Ah yes, the Battlestar Galactica theory of life's origins
             | on earth
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | It's definitely not why we left Mars because Mars still
           | rotates every 24:30. We left Mars because of the hostile
           | Martians, of course.
        
         | foxglacier wrote:
         | No because of conservation of angular momentum. Maybe it would
         | cool the Earth's interior faster than otherwise though. It's
         | heat flow from the inside to the outside that drives the fluid
         | flows in the mantle and generates the magnetic field.
        
           | FilosofumRex wrote:
           | Earth's rotation has been slowing down despite principle of
           | conservation of angular momentum, at about 2 mille-
           | sec/century. Dinos had an hour shorter days than we do now.
           | 
           | I'm not an EE, but isn't this related to Tesla's last
           | invention which bankrupted him - I believe he was working on
           | electricity generation from thin air.
        
             | qnleigh wrote:
             | It's slowing down mostly because of drag induced by tides,
             | which involve the sun and the moon. The total system
             | including the earth, moon, sun and everything else does
             | conserve angular momentum.
             | 
             | But this paper seems to imply that Earth, isolated from
             | evening else in the solar system, could be made to slow
             | down. This does seem like a violation of conservation of
             | angular momentum...
        
               | fpoling wrote:
               | This is poorly discussed in the article and AFAICS it
               | reaches wrong conclusion.
               | 
               | I think the energy comes from weakening of the magnetic
               | field and the energy stored within it, not from slowing
               | down earth rotation. Earth as the result may rotate
               | faster as the moment stored in the field will be
               | transferred back to Earth as in the example with a sphere
               | from the article.
        
               | qnleigh wrote:
               | That would make so much more sense. So then the comments
               | about only slowing down Earth's rotation by a few
               | ms/century. It would deplete Earth's magnetic field, and
               | likely on a much faster timescale.
               | 
               | This would not be good...
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | I once read a book ( _Signalz_ , by F. Paul Wilson), where
             | someone got transmitted power working, and it was part of
             | ushering in eldritch dimension-dwellers. In that book,
             | Tesla was part of some kind of dark wizard cabal.
             | 
             | Don't remember, exactly. It was a while ago.
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | It isn't a stupid question, it is a good one. The answer would
         | depend on how the field is generated in the first place.
         | 
         | Given a field generated by asymmetric rotation of the molten
         | core at the center of the Earth, 'shorting it' (apply a load)
         | would presumably affect the core's rotation. In terms of
         | relative energy however, the poor coupling at the surface would
         | suggest that this would be a very challenging way to divert any
         | meaningful amount of power from the core itself. It would
         | however have to deal with points in time where the core
         | reverses its magnetic field. The papers on core reversals are
         | fun to read.
         | 
         | I think more usefully, the presence of the voltage, might be an
         | interesting way to localize one's location and orientation.
         | 
         | I remember brainstorming "off the wall" power generation ideas
         | and one that has yet to be realized would be to inject dust
         | ahead of a wind turbine with a collector in the back. Then
         | using the Van DeGraf effect to generate power instead of
         | lightning as it currently does.
        
           | fpoling wrote:
           | If one needs location, then the magnetic field can be
           | measured directly. It is already considered as a potential
           | alternative for GPS, https://www.electronicdesign.com/markets
           | /automation/article/...
           | 
           | The main problem is that locally measured Earth magnetic
           | field varies on a daily basis and is strongly influenced by
           | solar storms.
           | 
           | A better alternative is to use variations in Earth gravity to
           | improve inertial navigation. That vastly more stable.
        
         | marshray wrote:
         | The term "generate power from Earth's rotation" is basically
         | saying "convert kinetic energy from Earth's angular momentum".
         | If you extract energy, by conservation of energy that energy
         | has to come from somewhere. So yes, we would normally expect
         | Earth's rotation to slow.
         | 
         | But I think if you do the math, it would be absolutely
         | miniscule.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | They are one step ahead of you. :-)
         | 
         | "We previously showed that even in an extreme scenario where
         | our civilization somehow would obtain all its electrical energy
         | from the effect described here, Earth's rotation would slow by
         | <1 ms per decade [2]."
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | Alternatively, we could speed up the Earth! Let's get rid of
         | those pesky leap seconds!
        
         | ngruhn wrote:
         | fast forward a hundert years and there is a massive culture war
         | between the "rotation slowdown deniers" and people religiously
         | buying "rotation friendly" products.
        
         | nopelynopington wrote:
         | I've often wondered about a similar issue with wind power.
         | Would enough wind turbines dampen the force of wind?
        
           | nprateem wrote:
           | If a politician talks in front of a wind turbine, does it
           | make a sound?
        
           | padjo wrote:
           | On a local level they absolutely do, in a wind farm one
           | turbine can shadow another and reduce its output
           | significantly. It makes wind farm layout a tricky
           | optimisation problem. On larger scales the impact is pretty
           | minimal though, there's so much energy spread over such a
           | large area that significantly reducing it a global scale is
           | not a concern.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Fundamentally, yes, right? For some definition of "enough."
           | 
           | Actually, after some quick googling (so, maybe someone
           | actually knows better) it seems like this is an issue where
           | there's an active discussion? Maybe somebody actually
           | involved in the field knows more.
           | 
           | https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JD00.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/3/79/2012/esd-3-79-2012..
           | ..
           | 
           | But that came out in 2012. I bet you could find some other
           | article citing it, as rebuttals.
           | 
           | It seems a bit implausible to think we could somehow pull
           | enough energy from the wind to really matter, but then again
           | carbon based climate change also seemed a bit implausible so,
           | I guess, who knows?
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Not stupid at all, especially if only one part of physics
         | exists and not quantum physics.
        
         | chrisjj wrote:
         | > would that accidentally slow the Earth's rotation
         | 
         | No. Incidentally :)
        
       | Kerbonut wrote:
       | I had an idea somewhat related to this where we use the solar
       | winds as a sort of road and the earth's magnetic field as a sort
       | of rotor to convert kinetic energy from the sun into electricity.
        
         | evan_ wrote:
         | Sounds like solar power with extra steps
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | This kinda sorta how auroras/northern lights work.
        
       | vessenes wrote:
       | This is really cool. Question for EEs / Material Scientists
       | reading the paper - they mention you could shrink the cylinders
       | and get the same voltage provided a "suitable material" could be
       | found. Any back of the envelope or explanation of materials
       | needed to make these cylinders say 1/1000th their current size?
       | That'd be an extremely useful amount of energy when put into say
       | a 1000x parallel array.
       | 
       | It seems hard to imagine that this kind of shrink-down could go
       | on forever, but on the other hand, the earth is just sort of
       | hurtling us around with great energy while it rotates.
        
       | ninetyninenine wrote:
       | Wouldn't this slowly slow the earths rotation down? Let's say
       | everyone tried to build power plants using this.
        
         | ziofill wrote:
         | Ah didn't see this comment and I asked the same. Yes, right?
         | The energy has to come from somewhere...
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43522519
        
       | ziofill wrote:
       | Wouldn't this eventually slow down Earth's rotation? The
       | rotational kinetic energy of our planet is 1/5 M * R^2 * w^2 with
       | (approximately) M = 6e34 kg, R = 6.3e6m, w = 7.4e-5 rad/s, which
       | gives approximately 5e36 joules. Yearly we need roughly 3e16 Wh.
       | Yeah ok there's plenty. Woah! (also, I may be off by some orders
       | of magnitude)
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | 0.44 picowatts = 4.4e-13 watts so not in a detectable fashion
         | before the sun consumes the earth billions of years from now.
        
           | ziofill wrote:
           | Well, the watts that come out of the rotational energy must
           | match the ones we need, for energy conservation.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Sure, but there's no "eventually" it happens instantly.
             | 
             | The only way you'll care about what happens eventually is
             | if you're concerned about some detectable result. Meanwhile
             | individual rocket launches to Mars extract like 10^18+
             | times as much energy as this will over it's lifespan and
             | those still aren't detectable.
        
         | frozencooler wrote:
         | Doesn't driving west to east on a highway slow down the Earth's
         | rotation, via the power transferred into the ground?
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Only while you're driving.
        
           | amarant wrote:
           | Yes, but that energy is returned when you break
        
             | danillonunes wrote:
             | Things get interesting when you reverse.
        
           | logifail wrote:
           | Reminds me of a glorious question from undergraduate physics:
           | 
           | Calculate the change in the length of the Earth's day if the
           | UK were to switch to vehicles driving on the right-hand side
           | of the road rather than the left..
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | It's actually driving north south that changes the rotation
           | speed. Because your 'real' speed gets higher as you get
           | closer to the equator, you 'steal' momentum from the earth as
           | you get closer to the equator.
           | 
           | Its effectively the same principle as a figure skater pulling
           | in their arms when spinning, to spin faster.
        
         | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
         | This is addressed in the last paragraph of the article:
         | 
         | > Even if it works, the method will not generate energy from
         | thin air. It would tap Earth's kinetic energy and, in doing so,
         | cause the planet's spinning to slow over time -- although only
         | slightly. If the technique provided all of Earth's electricity
         | needs, which was around 11 trillion watts in 2022, this would
         | slow the planet's spin by 7 milliseconds over the next century,
         | the authors calculate. This is similar to the change in speed
         | caused by natural phenomena such as the Moon's pull and
         | changing dynamics inside the planet's core.
        
           | api wrote:
           | > which was around 11 trillion watts in 2022, this would slow
           | the planet's spin by 7 milliseconds over the next century,
           | the authors calculate.
           | 
           | Really puts how small we are on a cosmic scale into
           | perspective.
           | 
           | If we did it for a million years at current energy use scale
           | it would shorten our day by about 1.1 seconds.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | Isn't friction from the atmosphere already slowing the
           | planet's spin? Many weather effects like hurricanes
           | ultimately derive their energy from a combination of the
           | earth's rotation and thermal/uneven heating effects so I
           | don't see why this is contentions.
           | 
           | Like most things, nature is already doing it and has been for
           | millions of years.
        
             | mr_mitm wrote:
             | No, that's not possible due to conservation of angular
             | momentum. Only tidal effects can transfer some of it to the
             | sun.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | How much velocity loss would be needed for an impact on the
           | environment, or on some humans someplace?
        
           | ForHackernews wrote:
           | It's kind of insane how much energy is involved in big masses
           | of rock flying around in space.
        
         | foota wrote:
         | The IERS will never stand for this!
        
         | DriverDaily wrote:
         | Can we put energy in to speed it up?
         | 
         | That way a day can be 24 hours exactly instead of 23 hours, 56
         | minutes, 4 seconds, etc...
        
         | golol wrote:
         | Where does the angular momentum go?
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | it's the angular momentum that gets transferred to the
           | earth's spin, and all the other numbers, energy, power, are
           | simply how the books are balanced. GP should have asked the
           | question in terms of momentum in the first place.
           | 
           | with energy, you need to consider friction, losses,
           | thermodynamics 3rd law, but with momentum it's pure.
        
       | throwaway48476 wrote:
       | Would this reduce the magnetic field stength allowing more cosmic
       | rays to reach the surface.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | I, for one, look forward to ground-level auroras.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | The paper is here: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15790
       | 
       | (via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43520716, but we merged
       | that thread hither)
        
       | Panda_ wrote:
       | https://archive.is/5GHWF
        
       | nyc111 wrote:
       | Why does the earth have a magnetic field?
        
         | frozencooler wrote:
         | The earths rotation creates it. Or was this rhetorical.
        
           | nyc111 wrote:
           | No, it was a serious question. Does anything that rotates
           | create a magnetic field even if it is not an electrical
           | material?
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | The iron core but there are many open questions
             | https://news.mit.edu/2020/origins-earth-magnetic-field-
             | myste...
        
             | cyphax wrote:
             | In case of Earth, Wikipedia describes [1] it as being "[..]
             | generated by electric currents due to the motion of
             | convection currents of a mixture of molten iron and nickel
             | in Earth's outer core". This makes Earth a geodynamo [2].
             | (The aforementioned Wikipedia page is actually really long
             | and detailed, a lot more than I would have thought)
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | No, otherwise Mars would have a magnetic field just like
             | Earth.
        
             | beeforpork wrote:
             | Basically: moving electric charge = magnetic field. It's
             | equivalent, that's why it's called electromagnetism: it's
             | one and the same force.
             | 
             | The Earth rotates, liquid iron (inside Earth) flows => a
             | current flows in the iron => there is a magnetic field.
        
         | qnleigh wrote:
         | This is a great question, and it's not as simple many comments
         | here make it seem to be. This Veritasium video has a great
         | explanation (and an enormous ball of molten sodium).
        
       | EncomLab wrote:
       | It's incredible the lengths humanity is willing to go to avoid
       | adopting nuclear energy - despite the US navy driving mobile
       | reactors millions of miles over the last 70 years.
        
         | deepfriedchokes wrote:
         | The Navy isn't constrained by economics. Nuclear doesn't make
         | sense economically compared to things like solar and batteries.
        
           | SecretDreams wrote:
           | > things like solar and batteries.
           | 
           | Magnets too - let's just go magnets everywhere.
           | 
           | Reality is solar isn't viable everywhere. And it's not
           | optimal to put it in places where you use the sun to grow
           | food.
           | 
           | We should follow a holistic approach.
           | 
           | * Wind where it's windy.
           | 
           | * Solar where it's sunny - ideally on buildings/away from
           | farms.
           | 
           | * Hydro where possible.
           | 
           | * Nuclear where it makes sense, i.e. stable geography, low
           | occurence of natural disasters, lots of land.
           | 
           | * Some natty gas plants for overflow - not saying commission
           | new ones or prioritize natty, but it's sensible to utilize
           | existing peaked plants.
           | 
           | I'm not a big fan of large scale battery storage solutions,
           | but they can work sometimes. I think they're more sensible
           | for residential/commercial use and, when paired with solar,
           | can really help add robustness to the grid. But, for mega
           | energy storage, I think hydro based solutions are more
           | sensible.
        
             | djmips wrote:
             | Why doesn't Geothermal make your list?
        
             | Certhas wrote:
             | What do you base all these claims on? Plenty of papers show
             | Solar + wind + storage is viable practically everywhere.
             | 
             | Also there is a ton of research on planning energy systems
             | and what technology mixes make sense. This stuff has to be
             | economical. Energy costs are measured in percentage of GDP.
             | Simply liking nuclear doesn't make it viable. Especially in
             | a world with PV meaning you can't sell energy during the
             | day.
             | 
             | There really is only one macro fact that will shape the
             | energy system of the future: The price of PV modules is now
             | effectively zero in rich countries. Everything else has to
             | be judged by how well it complements/makes use of free
             | energy during daylight hours. The geopolitical implications
             | of this haven't even begun to be explored.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | The (subsidized, market dumped) price of cells may be low
               | at the moment, but the price of storage, land and
               | artificial inertia isn't.
               | 
               | You can absolutely sell non-PV power during the day. Big
               | power consumers sign contracts for predictable and
               | reliable supply.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Back when all my precious data was on floppy disk and hard
             | drives, I HATED magnets. Now I am more ambivalent.
        
           | Nifty3929 wrote:
           | I haven't seen any data that backs that up based on general
           | principals. Most of the cost is in artificially-imposed
           | operational requirements - however well founded.
           | 
           | Also, remember that nuclear, unlike solar, has a lot of room
           | for improvement still, both in how it's done, and how it's
           | regulated. Solar has already been tremendously optimized,
           | while nuclear has not.
           | 
           | The cost argument seems to be advances by the same people who
           | impose or support the additional operational requirements,
           | and who also just have a philosophical aversion to nuclear
           | power.
           | 
           | There are hundreds of nuclear power plants already in
           | operation, many decades old. There have been only a very
           | small number of minor accidents (3 come to mind: Chernobyl,
           | Three mile island and Fukushima), in which only a few dozen
           | people were killed. Nuclear, even using old technology, has
           | proven to be far safer and better for the environment than
           | any scalable alternative, including solar. New designs are
           | even safer.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > Most of the cost is in artificially-imposed operational
             | requirements
             | 
             | Indeed. Once there was a wonderfully efficient, economical
             | nuclear reactor design, better thermal efficiency than
             | PWRs, could be refueled during operation, considerably
             | cheaper to build... However, nobody is THAT keen to build
             | more Chernobyls.
             | 
             | (The RBMK design really was quite impressive, provided you
             | weren't too concerned about, well, safety.)
             | 
             | The economics of nuclear energy are difficult, today. So
             | much of the cost is upfront that getting the investment is
             | problematic; unless you have a guaranteed price per kWh, it
             | really is a huge gamble.
        
             | peer2pay wrote:
             | Calling Chernobyl a minor accident is insane. We are lucky
             | it wasn't worse but even then most of Europes forests are
             | still polluted from the fallout. People directly killed
             | during the incident is not a great indicator of incident
             | severity when we're talking about environmental pollutants.
             | 
             | Nobody died from installing asbestos insulation yet here we
             | are.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Why do we have to be constrained by economics unlike the
           | navy? The state within the state has access to nuclear
           | powered ships so it is just a question of widening that
           | capability to the members of the state living outside the
           | walls of the keep. Not a matter of establishing precedent or
           | anything. That part is done and long proven. The federal
           | government even has experience managing water and power for
           | entire geographical regions today.
        
         | pmontra wrote:
         | Many countries would have to buy nuclear fuel from other
         | countries much like they do for gas and oil. On the other side
         | very few countries can build their own solar panels so it seems
         | the same sort of problem. However if you accept to depend from
         | potential hostile countries at least solar panels don't do much
         | harm when they fail and it takes very little effort to install
         | the equivalent amount of power of a nuclear power plant. If we
         | only could all get along and have a global power grid with
         | always 12 hours of sunshine on it.
        
           | devmor wrote:
           | Until we solve the storage problem, the manufacture of
           | batteries required to store solar power at night and during
           | other low generation times is actively doing harm even
           | without failing.
           | 
           | I don't think this invalidates your point but I do think it
           | is incredibly important to recognize that environmental harm
           | done slowly over time is no less impactful than that done by
           | a disaster.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Unfortunately the arrangement of the continents would require
           | undersea transmission lines for this. Would be an interesting
           | future where the Bering Strait is the most valuable real
           | estate on Earth for the American-Euraisian grid connection.
           | But more likely we would build fusion reactors or get over
           | our nuclear phobia before building something like that.
        
         | grepfru_it wrote:
         | Solve the waste problem and you solve nuclear. Waste is still
         | the giant elephant in the room and a lot of people have a fifth
         | grade solution to the problem (we will bury it under ground! We
         | will fly it to the sun! We will resuse it until it is no longer
         | radioactive!)
         | 
         | I used to have a neighbor who worked for the DOE, all of the
         | viable solutions are blocked by people who don't want it in
         | their backyard. Can't really move forward until that is
         | solved..
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Burying the waste is an excellent solution. We are currently
           | dealing with the much more dangerous problem of hydrocarbon
           | combustion waste by releasing it into the atmosphere.
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | >Waste is still the giant elephant in the room and a lot of
           | people have a fifth grade solution to the problem (we will
           | bury it under ground! We will fly it to the sun! We will
           | resuse it until it is no longer radioactive!)
           | 
           | Could the waste be 'sent' into space? Bonus points for
           | sending a certain human with it. Serious question, though.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | This was one of the Soviet Union's proposed use for Energia
             | (a super-heavy launcher which flew precisely twice before
             | the Soviet Union collapsed). In practice, there would be,
             | ah, challenges; no launcher ever built is reliable enough
             | that anyone would be particularly comfortable with
             | _launching large amounts of high-level nuclear waste_ with
             | it.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Could the waste be 'sent' into space? Bonus points for
             | sending a certain human with it. Serious question, though.
             | 
             | Would you want a RUD of nuclear waste in the atmosphere?
             | That's the key thing with sending stuff to space, we are
             | nowhere near close enough in terms of reliability and cost
             | to what would be needed to send the stuff away.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | By "space" do you mean low earth orbit - where the stuff
             | will reenter the atmosphere within (say) a century? Or
             | geosync orbit - where it'll stay up there forever-ish...but
             | ain't actually gone? Or _actually_ gone, like (say) Mars?
             | 
             | IIR, the current rock-bottom (Falcon 9) launch prices are
             | something like $1,000/lbs. to low earth orbit, $2,500/lbs.
             | to geosync, and $6,500/lbs. to Venus.
             | 
             | A quick Google says the US has about 88,000 _tons_ of
             | radioactive waste. So - 88,000 tons = 176,000,000 lbs. =
             | $176,000,000,000 just to put it in low earth orbit. And
             | something like 4,600 Falcon 9 launches. (Some fraction of
             | which would doubtless go badly wrong, spreading radioactive
             | stuff all over the landscape.)
             | 
             | In short - it's a cool-sounding idea. But neither the
             | numbers nor the politics are remotely near viable.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | > Waste is still the giant elephant in the room and a lot of
           | people have a fifth grade solution to the problem (we will
           | bury it under ground! We will fly it to the sun! We will
           | resuse it until it is no longer radioactive!)
           | 
           | The correct solution: put it into dry casks and do nothing
           | right now. Store it simple underground storage facilities or
           | on the grounds of active nuclear power plants.
           | 
           | The casks are fine for the next 300 years, and during that
           | time we can either:
           | 
           | 1. Perfect the nuclear fusion, it will provide plenty of
           | neutrons to transmute the waste.
           | 
           | 2. Perfect fast fission reactors. See above.
           | 
           | 3. Use some of the excess of too-cheap-to-meter green energy
           | for accelerator-driven subcritical fission reactors.
           | 
           | 4. Yep, use rockets to slowly launch the waste into space. We
           | can already design a storage capsule that can survive re-
           | entry.
           | 
           | In any case, we have literally hundreds of years to come up
           | with a solution and there are many viable paths.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | What problem with the waste? Reactors are working and
           | generating power today for many thousands of americans.
           | Whatever is being done with waste today seems to work well
           | enough to continue reactor operations without any major
           | headlines. Just seems to be a bit of cognitive dissonance
           | here between what is claimed online and what we see today out
           | in the field generating power.
        
           | walleeee wrote:
           | Some MSRs can consume spent nuclear fuel, that's a 7th grade
           | solution at least
        
       | npodbielski wrote:
       | I wonder how many wats of power we would be able to generate
       | before earth slows down for i.e. 1 second longer day.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | That's easy to work out but I can tell you not it's going to be
         | more than we will ever use.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | Typical human response
        
           | Beijinger wrote:
           | You have no idea, what amount of energy we will be able to
           | use the long run.
        
             | ada1981 wrote:
             | 220, 221, whatever it takes.
        
           | janpot wrote:
           | "640K ought to be enough for anybody"
        
         | af78 wrote:
         | I'm taking figures from
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_energy
         | 
         | Moment of inertia of the Earth: I=8.04e37
         | 
         | Angular velocity, with sidereal rotation period of 23.93 hours:
         | o0=2p/(23.93 x 3600)
         | 
         | Angular velocity, with sidereal rotation period of 23.93 hours
         | plus one second: o1=2p/(23.93 x 3600 + 1)
         | 
         | Rotational energy difference: .5 x I x o0 ** 2 - .5 x I x o1 **
         | 2 [?] 4.96e+24 J
         | 
         | For comparison, according to https://ourworldindata.org/energy-
         | production-consumption the total amount of energy consumed on
         | Earth in 2023 was 180E3 TWh i.e. 6.48e+20 J
         | 
         | Slowing down the Earth by one second would be equivalent to
         | 7661 times this amount.
        
         | adalacelove wrote:
         | According to Wikipedia [1] we consume 9717 Mtoe or equivalently
         | 408 TJ (per year, although it is not explictely stated, which I
         | find annoying).
         | 
         | The earth moment of inertia is about I=8e37 kg m2 [2]
         | 
         | The energy extracted by a slowdown of angular speed from wa to
         | wb would be 1/2 I(wa2-wb2).
         | 
         | Approx wa=2pi/86400 and wb=2pi/86401. Energy extracted:
         | 4.9e24J=4.9e12TJ.
         | 
         | We would have energy for about 12 billion years.
         | 
         | If I double check with Kagi's assistant with Claude 3.7 (I'm in
         | my phone and I could easily have made an error) it starts with
         | my exact reasoning and figures but messes up final numbers (so
         | close!!!) to give a total of 40 billion years, which
         | nevertheless is the correct order of magnitude.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_supply_and_cons...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/MomentofInertiaEart...
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43526555
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | The topic is very interesting. The spin of science, is not.
       | 
       | Side story: What's to argue over?
       | 
       | There's no shortage of scientists with breakthroughs who are
       | pretty much abused by their profession and colleagues, sometimes
       | for decades, simply for exploring possibilities and capabilities
       | that are more than safe and conservative and incremental.
       | 
       | Either it's true, or it's not, and it can be explored, or not.
       | 
       | Division breeds who is right and wrong, not what is right or
       | wrong.
       | 
       | Maybe it can be proven, maybe not. Maybe it's true and we don't
       | understand it yet. The naysayers might just not be wanting
       | someone else to succeed.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Happy to be downvoted over silent disagreement.
         | 
         | Even happier to get input and maybe learn.
        
         | vessenes wrote:
         | I didn't downvote, but since you asked for feedback, I'd
         | venture a guess that most who did think your post doesn't add
         | anything to the discussion. It's vague, not topical to the
         | paper and isn't falsifiable.
         | 
         | A related topic, the emDrive, which had plenty of controversy,
         | is something readers of this thread want to talk about; the
         | specifics are a better fit for this crowd than the meta
         | questions, esp. when vaguely introduced.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | A bad question, as it has been doing that literally
       | (rotationally) since before life started. This power is busy
       | generating the magnetosphere. We would not be enjoying our nice
       | oxygen atmosphere and would be as dead as Mars if Earth's
       | rotation wasn't also powering a dynamo.
        
         | mr_mitm wrote:
         | It doesn't take any energy to maintain a static magnetic field
         | though.
        
           | jagger27 wrote:
           | Earth's magnetic field isn't static, though.
        
             | mr_mitm wrote:
             | Negligibly so. The Sun delivers more energy to Earth in
             | about 5 seconds than the magnetic field loses in 1,000
             | years.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | Suggest a hard sci-fi story where humans abuse this so much the
       | Earth basically stops rotating.
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | I've already read one where some weird alien ants hollow out
         | the earth to make it spin faster, and take advantage of the
         | increase in speed to generate power somehow (maybe by building
         | a geostationary conductive belt around the planet, that acts as
         | the "stator"?)
        
           | Hyperboreanal wrote:
           | Saying what book you're talking about is kind of a spoiler
           | now for anyone that happens to be reading its series. Are
           | there spoiler tags on HN? <SPOILER> The Long Utopia, book 4/5
           | of the Long Earth series by Pratchett and Baxter. </SPOILER>
           | The series has very meh characters/dialogue, excellent ideas
           | and sense of nearly possibility-unlimited discovery that's
           | executed very well, highly recommend if that's your cup of
           | tea. Ended up skipping all the flashback chapters near the
           | end of the series though, that felt like a load of filler
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Eric Nylund's Jack Potter series. See an earlier comment
        
         | owenpalmer wrote:
         | Imagine trying to speed up the Earth's rotation!
        
       | bmacho wrote:
       | Imagine a massive planet spinning in empty vacuum. Can the
       | inhabitants slow down their planet, and generate electricity?
       | 
       | I suspect that they can generate electricity with angular
       | momentum with it, that can be only used to do work with the
       | equivalent angular momentum.
        
         | randomNumber7 wrote:
         | Maybe if we use the moon (and ideally get 2 more) we can build
         | a giant generator.
        
         | drewolbrich wrote:
         | The Moon's tidal forces are already slowing down the rotation
         | period of the Earth, which was apparently only 5 hours long
         | about 4.5 billion years ago.
        
           | qnleigh wrote:
           | Yes, but when you consider the combined system of the earth
           | and everything that affects its orbit, angular momentum is
           | conserved.
        
       | themaninthedark wrote:
       | There was a decent science fiction serris based on this premise:
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/700919.Signal_to_Noise
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/737628.A_Signal_Shattere...
        
         | jaggederest wrote:
         | Eric Nylund's books are uniformly excellent, even (perhaps
         | surprisingly) the Halo tie-ins
        
       | LegionMammal978 wrote:
       | It would be interesting if this works. Last time people were
       | hyping up a tiny effect with big ramifications that can only
       | exist due to a subtle 'loophole', it was the EmDrive stuff that
       | turned out to be driven by measurement errors. But I'm no expert
       | in electrostatics.
        
         | api wrote:
         | I was about 99.99999% sure that one was bogus because it was
         | violating bedrock conservation laws. I'm not sure that this
         | does. AFAIK there is no conservation law that says a spinning
         | mass can't extract power from that.
         | 
         | Still... it would have been hilarious of the EmDrive had
         | worked.
         | 
         | "Well, they've progressed! Last time we checked in on the third
         | planet in this star system its inhabitants were still using
         | warp drives to heat food. They appear to have realized this."
        
           | Certhas wrote:
           | For the EmDrive it also was that the claimed theoretical
           | mechanism was mathematically impossible, because it was based
           | on equations that (like all known equations and everything
           | ever observed) satisfy the conservation laws.
           | 
           | That's a good question actually. Supposedly this is
           | extracting energy from the rotational kinetic energy of the
           | earth. I haven't looked at the paper but you'd need to worry
           | about conservation of angular momentum here.
           | 
           | Given that the cited physicists didn't dismiss this out of
           | hand I assume this is accounted for somewhere...
        
       | sroussey wrote:
       | The Earths rotation already generates power for us: wind. It's
       | why the jet stream only goes one direction.
        
         | cma wrote:
         | Foucault's pendulum also orbits in one way, but is that
         | generating more power than put into it by starting it off?
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | And don't forget the tides, both solar and lunar.
         | 
         | I'm sure a large enough mirror and photocell could get power
         | out of the aurora borealis.
         | 
         | An argument that the magnetic field in a location remains
         | completely constant as the earth rotates seems bizarre, but so
         | does the idea that it's large enough to economically extract
         | power.
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | Are the tides caused by Earth's rotation? My understanding is
           | they're not.
           | 
           | I know they're a bit of an inter-related system, but I
           | thought if anything tides mess with rotation (eventually
           | causing tidal lock), not so much the other way around.
           | 
           | How big are the solar tides? Never really considered that
           | tbh. Looked it up, they're about half the size of the Lunar
           | ones? Wild.
        
             | bmm6o wrote:
             | The short answer is that there would still be tides without
             | rotation, but with a period based on the lunar cycle. We
             | have daily tidal effects, the moon can't do that by itself.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | Ah I see, that makes sense. Thanks.
        
         | babyent wrote:
         | Is it possible to speed up the wind?
        
           | righthand wrote:
           | Sure, cause constant heating and cooling and loop it.
        
           | _dain_ wrote:
           | Yes, run power to wind turbines to use them as giant fans
        
         | peterashford wrote:
         | Wind power is mostly due to solar energy. Earth's rotation
         | contributes a very small amount and even that smaller effect is
         | more located in the upper atmosphere where we don't collect
         | wind power versus solar caused pressure gradients
        
           | rokkamokka wrote:
           | While true, if the earth stopped rotating the sun would also
           | stop being "evenly" distributed around the globe, which would
           | affect wind patterns a lot
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Isn't that more of the sun+rotation?
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | a substantial amount of wind is also caused by (differential)
         | solar heating: that's why wind doesn't only go in one direction
         | 
         | if you've ever spent time at the seashore, the wind comes in
         | off the sea during the day (because of rising thermals on the
         | land side) and blows back offshore at night (because the land
         | cools and the sea is now warmer) that time in between the air
         | is dead-still, and that's when the swarms of gnats can find
         | you.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | We could use this, by adding power, to fine tune the day to
       | eliminate leap years...;)
        
         | ada1981 wrote:
         | Interesting. Yes could we put power into a similar system and
         | accelerate the rotation?
        
       | mentalgear wrote:
       | how practical is this, eg how big would a device have to be to
       | produce any meaningful energy?
        
       | miller_joe wrote:
       | Strong flashbacks of Southland Tales (2006). Underrated movie
       | with this as a core premise
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | I have no idea on the claims here, but there is one method for
       | extracting work from the magnetic field that I very much enjoy.
       | 
       | A magnetorquer is an attitude control system on a satellite that
       | runs on electricity. Run the electricity through an
       | electromagnet. The magnet couples to Earth's magnetic field and
       | turns the satellite, like a compass needle.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-03-30 23:00 UTC)