[HN Gopher] Utah becomes first US state to ban fluoride in its w...
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       Utah becomes first US state to ban fluoride in its water
        
       Author : Jimmc414
       Score  : 456 points
       Date   : 2025-03-29 19:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | You can provide your own flouride (live in a house with well
       | water).
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Assuming you're wealthy enough and well informed enough to know
         | that you should.
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | You can provide lots of stuff yourself if the state abandons
         | the whole idea of public health. Of course, be prepared for
         | your taxes and/or insurance going up to cover your neighbors
         | who don't pay for the same preventative care.
        
           | csdreamer7 wrote:
           | Pretty much-was told by an insurance broker one of the
           | biggest factors past history of weather and the obvious
           | things (flooding possibility, dry trees) is my neighbors.
           | Didn't get into specifics but I suspect drugs and gangs.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | >one of the biggest factors
             | 
             | One of the biggest factors of what?
        
               | Vegenoid wrote:
               | Based on the context, I believe insurance prices
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | Public health is a conspiracy to attempt to get our young men
           | prepared for war!
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | Children can't, and a lifetime of dental issues they didn't
         | have the knowledge or good fortune to have prevented is a
         | serious issue.
        
           | Pigalowda wrote:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_by_countr.
           | ..
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | What does this have to do with childhood dental outcomes?
             | 
             | For example: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC61690
             | 31/pdf/10.1177...
             | 
             | Which finds that fluoridated water likely conservatively
             | prevents about 30% of childhood dental caries.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | And dentists rejoiced at their newfound source of income! /s
       | 
       | This is so dumb, and based on psudoscience at best, and straight
       | up falsities at worst.
       | 
       | In 10 years we're going to hear about how cavities are so much
       | higher in Utah than anywhere else.
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | I'm not following closely, but is this pseudoscience?
         | 
         | https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/fluoride-childrens-health-gran...
         | 
         | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/...
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | Those are based on countries with much higher levels of
           | fluoride than the USA adds.
           | 
           | Follow up studies have found the levels in the USA to be
           | perfectly safe and in fact beneficial since poor people don't
           | get dental care like they do in other countries.
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | Please share study that shows it is safe in the US for
             | children. The EPA allows up to 2mg/L in water and we have
             | some evident that 1.5mg/L has negative effects on children.
             | 
             | HN Comments were very credulous before the election. Shows
             | how flexible belief in science is.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39235663
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | It doesn't take much to observe that we've been
               | fluoridating municipal water for over half a century and
               | children are doing mostly fine. It's the actions of
               | children's parents that contribute the most to their IQ
               | losses.
        
             | abletonlive wrote:
             | > levels in the USA to be perfectly safe
             | 
             | because everybody drinks the same amount of water right?
             | 
             | ridiculous position to argue from.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | I think the argument they make is fair. The levels that
               | the US aims to have fluorinated water concentrations. If
               | theres a bad actor county well thats on them not the
               | standard thats set.
        
           | cosmotic wrote:
           | I didnt look too closely, but the concentration recommended
           | by the FDA is much lower than many of the sample sets in that
           | linked study. Some 10 times as much. One is a hundred times
           | as much.
           | 
           | Not sure if that first link was to the Harvard summary
           | intentionally but heres the actual study:
           | https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.1104912
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | The second link showed a concentration as little 2x the US
             | amount was impactful.
             | 
             | *The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence,
             | that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking
             | water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per
             | liter, are associated with lower IQ in children. The NTP
             | review was designed to evaluate total fluoride exposure
             | from all sources and was not designed to evaluate the
             | health effects of fluoridated drinking water alone. It is
             | important to note that there were insufficient data to
             | determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg/L currently
             | recommended for U.S. community water supplies has a
             | negative effect on children's IQ.*
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Fluoride is known to be problematic at high concentrations
           | (hell, everything is). The problems of fluoride really start
           | to come into play at concentrations of around 10-20mg/L, and
           | some of the areas being studied are running well in excess of
           | 100mg/L of fluoride.
           | 
           | The EPA limit for fluoride is 4mg/L. There's an argument to
           | be made that it should be lowered to 2mg/L. When fluoride is
           | added to drinking water, the target is around 0.9mg/L--no
           | one's coming close to the EPA limit, and that exists because
           | groundwater sources can end up being naturally high in
           | fluoride. (I'm not sure what the typical natural occurrence
           | of fluoride is in Utah, but I strongly suspect that they're
           | not making any moves to actually remove fluoride from
           | existing systems.)
        
             | verteu wrote:
             | Seems to cause problems at lower levels than that:
             | 
             | > The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence,
             | that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking
             | water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per
             | liter, are associated with lower IQ in children.
             | 
             | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer
             | /...
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | >This is so dumb, and based on psudoscience at best, and
         | straight up falsities at worst.
         | 
         | I don't know whether water fluoridation is worthwhile. But I do
         | know that various European countries have discontinued it. <htt
         | ps://web.archive.org/web/20160303202219/http://www.appgaf...>
         | Are they also working off of pseudoscience and falsities?
        
         | stop50 wrote:
         | Don't they sell toothpaste with flourid in Utah?
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | Generally kids don't use toothpaste with fluoride because of
           | the risk of swollowing it. Yes, we know it's bad in high
           | doses, which is why kids toothpaste often doesn't have it.
           | You have to wait until they are old enough to spit when
           | brushing.
           | 
           | In reality what will happen is that rich kids will be just
           | fine because they will get their fluoride treatments at the
           | dentist every six months.
           | 
           | It's the poor kids who will suffer because they don't see the
           | dentist regularly because it's expensive, so they won't get
           | their treatments.
        
             | tayo42 wrote:
             | The recommendation from doctors is to use a small amount of
             | toothpaste with fluoride. Apparently even if they cant spit
             | yet. I was surprised to be told that, even though there are
             | a ton of fluoride free toothpastes available.
        
             | Jimmc414 wrote:
             | You sound concerned about the kids. We are on the same
             | side. There is evidence that fluoridation level is
             | correlated (dose dependent) with sleep problems, lower IQ
             | scores, early onset puberty and bone cancer in children.
             | There are specific areas outside blood brain barrier that
             | it accumulates to the degree of fluoridation (100x to 200x
             | levels of other tissues), all postmortem tests verify this.
             | 
             | It is true that many studies were at higher doses(2x to
             | 4x), but that should not mean that it is acceptable to
             | intentionally raise fluoride levels to half of harmful
             | levels, because we want to protect teeth.
             | 
             | If you don't want cavities _decrease sucrose_ , brush and
             | floss. Can I brush my teeth with use baking soda, use
             | whatever? Arent they are OUR teeth? What if we find some
             | additive might help some other health issue? Should we add
             | that to _everyone 's_ drinking water?
        
               | kacesensitive wrote:
               | Afaik these findings primarily involve populations
               | exposed to fluoride levels above 1.5 mg/L, which is
               | higher than the 0.7 mg/L recommended for U.S. water
               | supplies. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that
               | fluoride at recommended levels negatively impacts IQ.
               | 
               | At safe levels fluoridation is a public health measure
               | akin to fortifying foods with vitamins (e.g., iodine in
               | salt or folic acid in flour something we do all the
               | time).
        
               | sokka_h2otribe wrote:
               | Honestly 1.5mg is not that different than 0.7mg..is there
               | some reason to believe a 2X factor makes a big deal? I
               | was expecting to hear of 10x differences or something,
               | but 2x is not much of a factor in these kind of gradient
               | effects.
        
               | kacesensitive wrote:
               | 1.5mg is literally twice the recommended limit. I don't
               | really understand the logic in saying 2x overdosed is
               | negligible. If you consistently eat 2x your daily
               | calories you'll see the results fast. If you drink twice
               | what you can handle, it would be bad. Etc
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | the question is regardless of the stated benefit, dont I
               | still have the right to opt out of this all or nothing
               | additive?
        
               | kacesensitive wrote:
               | You have the right not to drink tap water of course
        
               | krona wrote:
               | > insufficient evidence
               | 
               | That's a very high standard of evidence.
               | 
               | Toxicity testing is often carried out on mice, up to the
               | dosage required for _any_ observable effect. From that
               | safe levels for humans are derived, e.g. the NOAEL (No
               | Observed Adverse Effect Level).
               | 
               | To say that a study done in _humans_ , got observable
               | effects at only twice the intended dose (who knows what
               | the s.d. of the dose is, but anyway) and we conclude
               | there's simply not enough evidence?
               | 
               | Many chemicals have been banned on the basis of far less
               | evidence.
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | Yes, we should.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | What additives am I missing? I want to stay healthy.
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | Well, we don't have that many things that can be added to
               | water and have health benefits with basically no
               | downside. Fluoride is one of the few things where it
               | makes sense to do this. (If you are willing to broaden
               | your horizons, you can buy things like iodized salt or
               | golden rice to get the benefits of those. But food, alas,
               | is not a government service.)
        
               | fzeroracer wrote:
               | > Should we add that to everyone's drinking water?
               | 
               | Consider the following: Many water sources have a ton of
               | salts and such in them naturally. Fluoride being one of
               | them. The reason why water fluoridation became a thing in
               | the first place is because it was noticed that higher
               | natural levels of fluoridation resulted in fewer caries.
               | 
               | Water treatment in order to make it safe to drink often
               | involves processes that remove and filter out these
               | minerals and chemicals. Which means said things need to
               | be added back in, as part of the treatment process.
        
             | freehorse wrote:
             | Kids until which age? Ime somewhere between 4-5 seem to be
             | perfectly able to spit their toothpaste without swallowing.
             | Guidelines in the EU typically suggest normally fluoride
             | toothpaste in increasing amounts after 4.
             | 
             | Also, fluoride helps with remineralisation when it is used
             | pretty much regularly, not once per 6 months. Fluoride
             | treatments once per 6 months are not gonna bring back the
             | enamel lost.
             | 
             | I do not understand what is the big deal here. In many
             | countries there are specific recommendations wrt to
             | fluoride and kids brushing their teeth that seem to work
             | fine. This seems to be a solved issue in many places in the
             | world without fluoridating water.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | There is a such thing as baby teeth. Presumably most
             | children learn to brush properly while they still have
             | them. If they do something wrong, they get a second chance
             | when their adult teeth replace them. Why does this even
             | need to be explained?
             | 
             | As for "fluoride treatments", those are applied to the
             | teeth, not drank. They are not a substitute for regular
             | brushing.
        
       | dataflow wrote:
       | What is the best evidence in favor of this?
        
         | jsbisviewtiful wrote:
         | There isn't any. The very little research showing any effects
         | on cognitive abilities are experiments using very high fluoride
         | levels - nowhere near the levels in water. Like most
         | conservative "stances", it's a farce.
        
           | dataflow wrote:
           | Thanks. I guess then my next question is, why are they doing
           | this? Whom is it benefiting? Big Water?
        
             | piker wrote:
             | Is there scope to believe they just think it may be better
             | not to have it in the water?
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > Is there scope to believe they just think it may be
               | better not to have it in the water?
               | 
               | Are you asking if there's room to believe it's just a
               | sincere "everything you eat or drink should stay
               | untouched, like it's found in nature" belief? OK sure,
               | let's go with that. So why aren't they working to
               | dismantle water treatment plants altogether and e.g.
               | fighting against modern industrial farming practices in
               | that case?
        
               | piker wrote:
               | No, I'm asking if it's possible they might just rightly
               | or wrongly believe water fluoridation is bad.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > No, I'm asking if it's possible they might just rightly
               | or wrongly believe water fluoridation is bad.
               | 
               | I'm happy to believe it if I can understand what is
               | leading them to that belief, which is exactly what I'm
               | asking. Is it a general aversion to unnatural stuff
               | (hence my previous comment) or based on some evidence
               | (hence my initial question) or something else (what?)?
        
               | piker wrote:
               | I believe they think water fluoridation is linked it
               | lower IQs, again, rightly or wrongly. I could be mistaken
               | but that's always seemed pretty clear.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > I believe they think water fluoridation is linked it
               | lower IQs, again, rightly or wrongly. I could be mistaken
               | but that's always seemed pretty clear.
               | 
               | Again, we go back to my initial question [1]: _what is
               | the best evidence in favor of this?_
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43518377
        
               | mrkeen wrote:
               | He's just doing whatever's politically expedient.
               | 
               | [1:20] "I do believe that autism comes from vaccines"
               | [https://www.foxnews.com/video/6330950198112]
               | 
               | Does it matter what he actually believes? If it's
               | different from the Trump's policy he'll keep it to
               | himself.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | Why should his beliefs be considered at all over
               | scientific evidence?
        
               | ergocoder wrote:
               | By default, we should not add anything to the water.
               | 
               | The burden of proof should be on the people who want to
               | add it. Because that is extra cost, extra chemical. If
               | they can't prove it, then we don't do it.
        
             | charintstr wrote:
             | It doesn't always have to monetarily benefit anyone. It's
             | just fringe leaders playing to fringe ideas in this case
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | Dentists are going to make a lot of money filling so many
             | more cavities.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | Why did many European countries discontinue fluoridation?
           | https://www.euronews.com/health/2024/11/23/trump-could-
           | push-...
           | 
           | > However, in 1973, the Dutch Supreme Court ruled that there
           | was no legal basis for fluoridation.... The debate hasn't
           | been meaningfully revived since then, Hofman told Euronews
           | Health. "People started to say, 'Well, the government should
           | not give us some medicine [when] we cannot choose where to
           | buy our drinking water from," she said.
           | 
           | That's the "little c" conservative viewpoint. You don't need
           | to prove it's harmful. The default should be not putting
           | chemicals in everyone's drinking water.
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | Thanks for sharing the link. Learned something new today.
        
             | basch wrote:
             | but youre taking chemicals out right? and lots of water has
             | natural flouride?
             | 
             | there is definitely an argument for an optimal amount of
             | minerals in water being non zero (not only because having
             | it that clean would be practically expensive) but also
             | because we benefit from natural minerals. now if some
             | natural water source isnt as good as another one, why not
             | correct it? we have the technology.
             | 
             | especially at the community level. the little c stance
             | should be to let communities decide, not ban it from the
             | top down.
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | > and lots of water has natural flouride?
               | 
               | 100% the treatment plant is adjusting for the natural
               | amount of flouride to meet specific target PPM
        
               | basch wrote:
               | im not saying they are putting too much in. im saying
               | natural water is already fluorinated in many places and
               | doesnt need supplementation. so to treat fluorinful water
               | as unnatural is disingenuous.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > im saying natural water is already fluorinated in many
               | places
               | 
               | Fluoridated water seems not to have major effects.
               | 
               | I wouldn't want to drink, touch, or be near _fluorinated_
               | water.
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | You are assuming they are just randomly flouridating
               | water without measuring for target levels. I don't even
               | know if you are thinking this through clearly as if they
               | are just randomly dumping flouride into water supplies
               | without measuring against specific targets.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Why did many European countries discontinue
             | fluoridation?_
             | 
             | Could it have something to do with the increasing use of
             | fluoridated toothpaste?
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Probably. But why take fluoride out of the water?
        
               | TeaBrain wrote:
               | Because if adding fluoride to water isn't additionally
               | preventative beyond the use of toothpaste, then adding
               | the fluoride to the public water system is just wasting
               | public funds.
        
             | Gibbon1 wrote:
             | Do not discount the tendency of Europeans to be wellness
             | hippies.
        
             | stefan_ wrote:
             | Nobody tell him what chemicals were put in his drinking
             | water to produce it. This might be the dumbest sentence
             | uttered yet.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | Why does the "little c" conservative look to Europe when
             | convenient, hmm?
        
           | pfannkuchen wrote:
           | How do you prove no effect on any bodily system long term?
           | People don't like to talk about it, or they pretend
           | otherwise, but this is basically impossible.
           | 
           | If the benefit is great enough then the risk makes sense.
           | That is the case in a lot of areas. Is it worth taking a risk
           | of an unknown effect somewhere in the body in exchange for...
           | a marked but not even drastic reduction in cavities...? Not
           | sure...
        
             | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
             | Fluoride stays in your body, should be some way to measure
             | it?
        
               | pfannkuchen wrote:
               | The bitch about scientific studies is you can't find what
               | you don't know to look for. That has to be part of the
               | trade off calculus when deciding what substances to
               | introduce to our internal environment.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | Okay? You can still come up with a correlation between
               | net fluoride mass of bones and teeth and negative health
               | traits or outcomes. You can also compare occupational
               | exposure against normal exposure, no drinking water
               | exposure (lived life in country without this policy),
               | etc. There are many different types of scientific
               | studies.
        
               | pfannkuchen wrote:
               | I am much less confident than you appear to be that we
               | are able to detect a significant percentage of negative
               | health traits.
               | 
               | Let's say that hypothetically there is a 3rd order effect
               | on the excretion pattern of some neurotransmitter. Can we
               | detect that? Could it negatively affect mood regulation?
               | There are a million things like that.
        
               | Spivak wrote:
               | I guess the question is why your priors are so far
               | weighted to the side of negative outcomes. If we're
               | talking about yet undiscovered effects of something it
               | seems equally plausible for those effects to be positive.
               | Aspirin is a pretty good example of this where we keep
               | discovering more positive effects. And I can understand
               | somewhat the bias toward the state of nature but there's
               | lots of examples where our deviations were positive, the
               | biggest one being the cognitive effects of cooking food.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > If we're talking about yet undiscovered effects of
               | something it seems equally plausible for those effects to
               | be positive.
               | 
               | Where do you get this from? If you ingest a random
               | chemical (or imagine licking random objects...), do you
               | really expect the chances of it being beneficial vs.
               | detrimental to your health to be remotely close to 50/50?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > The bitch about scientific studies is you can't find
               | what you don't know to look for.
               | 
               | This is only true if you assume that all effects are too
               | small to notice. If you run an experiment on adding
               | fluoride to water, declare an interest in enamel
               | thickness, and then observe that 30% of the experimental
               | group died within six months, you just made a finding
               | that you didn't know you should have been looking for.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | Fluoride rapidly forms a highly insoluble calcium
               | fluoride salt. So you won't find a lot of it in blood or
               | other easily accessible body fluids.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | > The fractional retention or balance of fluoride at any
               | age depends on the quantitative features of absorption
               | and excretion. For healthy, young, or middle-aged adults,
               | approximately 50 percent of absorbed fluoride is retained
               | by uptake in calcified tissues, and 50 percent is
               | excreted in the urine. For young children, as much as 80
               | percent can be retained owing to increased uptake by the
               | developing skeleton and teeth (Ekstrand et al., 1994a,
               | b). Such data are not available for persons in the later
               | years of life, but based on bone mineral dynamics, it is
               | likely that the fraction excreted is greater than the
               | fraction retained.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109832/=
               | 
               | > .9 Radiographic detection of teeth and skeletal changes
               | and microscopic examination of affected bone are helpful
               | adjunct procedures for diagnosis.
               | 
               | > Histopathologic and radiographic examination of bones
               | detects bone lesions and tentatively confirms
               | osteofluorosis.14,26 Biopsy or rib or coccygeal vertebrae
               | is used to obtain samples for skeletal fluoride
               | analysis.23
               | 
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B03
               | 230...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_fluorosis
               | 
               | > We have developed a localized noninvasive nuclear
               | magnetic resonance (NMR) method for determining the
               | accumulated bone fluoride content in human index fingers
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2339643/
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | It sounds like people who have time to pay attention to
               | this have a better chance of discerning a methodology of
               | assay.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | Oh, certainly. I'm just saying that it's not easy and
               | straightforward.
        
           | chneu wrote:
           | I'd like to point out that fluoride was previously very much
           | a liberal stance until the rise in MAGA/Qanon conservatives.
           | 
           | I grew up in the PNW of the USA and lots of small hippie
           | towns have been removing fluoride for decades. It comes up on
           | city ballots every year in Oregon.
        
           | concordDance wrote:
           | This stance is a bit confusing...
           | 
           | When it comes to things like radioactivity we assume a linear
           | no threshhold model (e.g. that lower concentrations still
           | have effects, just our measuring tools aren't good enough to
           | detect it) and spend billions as a result. Why wouldn't we do
           | the same for flouride?
        
         | Jimmc414 wrote:
         | Here's a list of the most convincing studies or meta analyses.
         | 
         | 2023 - NTP Monograph on Fluoride Neurotoxicity - National
         | Toxicology Program (USA)
         | 
         | 2020 - Till et al. - Infant Formula Fluoride Exposure & IQ -
         | Till C, Green R, Lanphear B, Hornung R, Martinez-Mier EA
         | (Canada)
         | 
         | 2019 - Green et al. - Maternal Fluoride Exposure & IQ - Green
         | R, Lanphear B, Hornung R, Flora D, Martinez-Mier EA, et al.
         | (Canada)
         | 
         | 2017 - Bashash et al. - Prenatal Fluoride Exposure & Offspring
         | IQ - Bashash M, Thomas D, Hu H, et al. (Mexico/USA)
         | 
         | 2012 - Choi et al. - Meta-analysis on Fluoride &
         | Neurodevelopment - Choi AL, Sun G, Zhang Y, Grandjean P
         | (Harvard/China)
         | 
         | 2006 - NRC Report - Fluoride in Drinking Water - National
         | Research Council (USA)
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/...
         | 
         | [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31743803/
         | 
         | [3]
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/...
         | 
         | [4] https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP655
         | 
         | [5] https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.1104912
         | 
         | [6] https://www.nap.edu/catalog/11571/fluoride-in-drinking-
         | water...
        
           | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
           | How did you compile this list? Asking some LLM service?
           | 
           | From the first link:
           | 
           | > It is important to note that there were insufficient data
           | to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg/L currently
           | recommended for U.S. community water supplies has a negative
           | effect on children's IQ
           | 
           | It doesn't seem in favor of this?
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | Regardless of where they got the list (edit: which I _do_
             | think is a fair question)...
             | 
             | > the first link [...] doesn't seem in favor of this?
             | 
             | To me that falls under "the best evidence [available] in
             | favor of this." It's not great, but it's not nothing; it's
             | certainly something in favor. After all.. I guess I don't
             | know about you, but I feel like if someone told me dose X
             | of something is toxic, I would not feel comfortable feeding
             | myself and the entire country 50% of that dose, on that
             | basis alone.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | I mean, technically our atmosphere gives us oxygen at 35%
               | of a toxic dose/concentration.
               | 
               | Granted, 35% < 50%, but not really that much less.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | Yes, this completely demolished my argument.
        
             | Jimmc414 wrote:
             | Why does it matter how the list was compiled? Is the
             | information accurate or not? The first link you referenced
             | with the cherry picked sentence about uncertainty for
             | levels below .7mg/l was a meta analysis of 74 different
             | studies, 64 of which showed a negative correlation between
             | child IQ and fluoridation. This isn't even taking into
             | account evidence of a positive correlation for early onset
             | puberty, sleep disruption and bone cancer with
             | fluoridation.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | It matters when you say it has the "most convincing"
               | evidence as if you have read them all and are keeping up
               | with the field and didn't just summarize them with some
               | service like https://consensus.app/
               | 
               | I don't know if what you are repeating is slop, etc. I
               | can't trust the source.
               | 
               | A single recent systematic review is more trustworthy
               | than that.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | You don't know, but it is not. Feel free not to read it.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | Okay, well, let me know how you came up with the list?
               | 
               | Also, nothing in that list of papers supports your
               | initial claim? I know you'll say you didn't claim
               | anything, so I will say also, that nothing in those links
               | provides for what the prior commenter asked for evidence
               | for.
               | 
               | Other than, fluoride consumption at high concentrations
               | is bad (which is something that was already agreed upon,
               | and is not being questioned in this thread)?
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | It matters because your statement of "Here's a list of
               | the most convincing studies or meta analyses." assumes
               | some kind of curating. If all you're doing is providing
               | something akin to a google search, it's not really
               | valuable.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | So what? Asking "What is the best evidence in favor of
               | this" is equivalent to saying I don't want to google
               | this, so google this for me. Literally all researchers at
               | all levels in all fields use google for this stuff. I was
               | in academia for years.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _So what?_
               | 
               | Put simply, it's a wall of links. No quotes. No claims.
               | Its valid to ask if the person posting the links has
               | actually read those articles, or if there is a primary
               | source recommending them. (Or no source if it's LLM
               | copypasta.)
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | It was a direct response to a question with the answer
               | they were looking for. It was provided in good faith,
               | previously researched and sourced by me within the last
               | 12 months.
               | 
               | I am the OP and someone asked for evidence and the only
               | answer after an hour, falsely stated there was no
               | evidence. I didn't want to challenge anyone directly so I
               | posted what I thought were the top few more convincing
               | links I have compiled out of 30+.
               | 
               | I am disappointed that I am getting downvoted and this is
               | somehow being made into something political when people
               | deserve to see the evidence for and against supplementing
               | fluoride the drinking water of every living thing because
               | the government wants to improve the health of our teeth.
               | It is a fair question to ask.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | The main problem with your wall of links from a
               | professional medical PoV is it utterly lacks any context.
               | 
               | The very famous meta studies with all the negative
               | correlations get all the bad associations with flouride
               | from regions where water naturally has _extremely high_
               | (relative to most other parts of the world) levels of
               | fluoride in addition to high levels of many other
               | uncommon concentrations.
               | 
               | Some of these regions also have additional problems with
               | industry waste.
               | 
               | Put simply, negative correlations about unattended
               | children in swimming pools cannot be extrapolated to
               | infer negative correlations about young children and
               | sippy cups of water.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | Again, it was in response to an (mis)unanswered question
               | for that specific information. I don't get what the issue
               | is.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | It's basically coping responses from people who are
               | starting to realize they have been loudly wrong for
               | years. It's a fairly human response I suppose. They'll
               | get over it eventually after they go through the stages
               | of grief or whatever.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | > coping responses
               | 
               | No? What is a coping response? I asked the commenter to
               | provide context to their links that supposedly show
               | evidence for what the initial question was (does fluoride
               | at the concentrations in drinking water cause harm),
               | which they definitely do not show evidence for.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | The thing is you are not being curious. You are basically
               | putting your head in the sand and goading at people to
               | drag it out for you.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _I am disappointed that I am getting downvoted and this
               | is somehow being made into something political when
               | people deserve to see the evidence_
               | 
               | I didn't downvote. (I don't think.) But as a non-expert,
               | I also didn't see value in a wall of links. (Particularly
               | when you wouldn't confirm it wasn't AI generated.)
               | 
               | A better presentation would pull quotes or make an
               | argument, in your voice, with the citations as
               | scaffolding for your arguments.
               | 
               | To illustrate the issue, I believe I could construct a
               | context-free wall of links justifying just about
               | anything.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | Honestly, I think people downvoted it because it sounded
               | a lot like LLM output.
               | 
               | If you could explain the process that led to the
               | production of the list & what led you to the belief that
               | those are the best studies/evidence so far, that would
               | probably help people view it more favorably.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | > Asking "What is the best evidence in favor of this" is
               | equivalent to saying I don't want to google this, so
               | google this for me.
               | 
               | Perhaps I should note that I had indeed (believe it or
               | not) already Googled this before asking the question. I
               | asked not because I was too lazy to search but because I
               | didn't know if my search was turning up the best studies
               | from _anyone 's_ perspective.
               | 
               | So, no, this wasn't equivalent to saying "I don't want to
               | google this, so google this for me."
        
               | freehorse wrote:
               | Yeah finding some random links through google that one
               | does not go through to -to some degree- verify/vouch for
               | is identically bad practice. Researchers do not cite
               | studies that just happen to come up in their google
               | searches, they actually try to assess the quality of the
               | research, understand the methods/results etc. Nothing
               | like this happened here. Giving such a wall of links as
               | an argument to a discussion without checking their
               | quality or relevance is more akin to trolling behaviour
               | than academic research.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | I agree with you and think you should reread. My response
               | was not an argument, it was a response of requested
               | information that I had compiled.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | > It matters because your statement of "Here's a list of
               | the most convincing studies or meta analyses." assumes
               | some kind of curating.
               | 
               | Agreed
        
         | culi wrote:
         | Actual reseachers don't really talk about links to IQ. The main
         | concern is actually around dental fluorosis. Too much flouride
         | can replace minerals in your teeth causing them to become
         | brittle over time
         | 
         | There's a subset of researchers that argue that now that
         | fluoride toothpaste is widespread, the benefit of fluoridating
         | water is much much smaller than it first was and the (small)
         | risk of fluorosis is now comparatively more significant
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | Where "main concern" means not a practical concern at all.
           | You are adopting the talking points of cranks when what is of
           | actual concern is things like drinking sugar, negligent
           | parents or basic access to dental healthcare or even just
           | dental education.
           | 
           | The CDC tracks some key indicators like mean decayed, missing
           | or filled teeth (DMFT) and in critical age groups like 12-15
           | there has been no progress made in the past 20 years and the
           | US continue lagging behind European countries:
           | https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/media/pdfs/Oral-Health-
           | Surve...
           | 
           | And none of that has anything to do with fluoride in the
           | water or not.
        
           | kilimounjaro wrote:
           | " Actual reseachers don't really talk about links to IQ."
           | 
           | Sorry but this reddit consensus is out of step with actual
           | researchers. The #1 paediatric journal has published quite a
           | bit on this recently. Basically the evidence isn't of high
           | quality but what we have doesn't look great.
           | 
           | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/.
           | ..
        
         | TeaBrain wrote:
         | Another question is whether there's still evidence for
         | continuing to fluoridate water with how common toothpaste use
         | is now. If nothing else, if it isn't providing benefits over
         | toothpaste use, then fluoridating water could just be a waste
         | of public funds.
        
         | Heyso wrote:
         | 2012: https://fluoridealert.org/content/50-reasons/
         | 
         | Highly recommend visiting the link for details about each point
         | an references (it is not that long), here is a summary, don't
         | comment if you haven't visited the link:
         | 
         | 1) Fluoride is the only chemical added to water for the purpose
         | of medical treatment. 2) Fluoridation is unethical. 3) The dose
         | cannot be controlled. 4) The fluoride goes to everyone
         | regardless of age, health or vulnerability. 5) People now
         | receive fluoride from many other sources besides water. 6)
         | Fluoride is not an essential nutrient. 7) The level in mothers'
         | milk is very low. 9) No health agency in fluoridated countries
         | is monitoring fluoride exposure or side effects. 10) There has
         | never been a single randomized controlled trial to demonstrate
         | fluoridation's effectiveness or safety. 11) Benefit is topical
         | not systemic. 12) Fluoridation is not necessary. 13)
         | Fluoridation's role in the decline of tooth decay is in serious
         | doubt. 14) NIH-funded study on individual fluoride ingestion
         | and tooth decay found no significant correlation. 15) Tooth
         | decay is high in low-income communities that have been
         | fluoridated for years. 16) Tooth decay does not go up when
         | fluoridation is stopped. 17) Tooth decay was coming down before
         | fluoridation started. 18) The studies that launched
         | fluoridation were methodologically flawed. 19) Children are
         | being over-exposed to fluoride. 20) The highest doses of
         | fluoride are going to bottle-fed babies. 21) Dental fluorosis
         | may be an indicator of wider systemic damage. 22) Fluoride may
         | damage the brain. 23) Fluoride may lower IQ. 24) Fluoride may
         | cause non-IQ neurotoxic effects. 25) Fluoride affects the
         | pineal gland. 26) Fluoride affects thyroid function. 27)
         | Fluoride causes arthritic symptoms. 28) Fluoride damages bone.
         | 29) Fluoride may increase hip fractures in the elderly. 30)
         | People with impaired kidney function are particularly
         | vulnerable to bone damage. 31) Fluoride may cause bone cancer
         | (osteosarcoma). 32) Proponents have failed to refute the
         | Bassin-Osteosarcoma study. 33) Fluoride may cause reproductive
         | problems. 34) Some individuals are highly sensitive to low
         | levels of fluoride as shown by case studies and double blind
         | studies. 35) Other subsets of population are more vulnerable to
         | fluoride's toxicity. 36) There is no margin of safety for
         | several health effects. 37) Low-income families penalized by
         | fluoridation. 38) Black and Hispanic children are more
         | vulnerable to fluoride's toxicity. 39) Minorities are not being
         | warned about their vulnerabilities to fluoride. 40) Tooth decay
         | reflects low-income not low-fluoride intake. 41) The chemicals
         | used to fluoridate water are not pharmaceutical grade. 42) The
         | silicon fluorides have not been tested comprehensively. 43) The
         | silicon fluorides may increase lead uptake into children's
         | blood. 44) Fluoride may leach lead from pipes, brass fittings
         | and soldered joints. 45) Key health studies have not been done.
         | 46) Endorsements do not represent scientific evidence. 47)
         | Review panels hand-picked to deliver a pro-fluoridation result.
         | 48) Many scientists oppose fluoridation. 49) Proponents usually
         | refuse to defend fluoridation in open debate. 50) Proponents
         | use very dubious tactics to promote fluoridation.
        
       | kelipso wrote:
       | Way past time. The link between fluoride ingestion by children
       | and pregnant women to lower IQ in children has been known for
       | years. It's incredible how the scientific community in the US is
       | so ignorant of this fact.
       | 
       | Also, dentists have no neuroscience background! So let's take
       | recommendations by dentists to ingest a neurotoxin with deep deep
       | skepticism, shall we?
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | As the saying goes, it's the dose that makes the poison.
         | 
         | Vitamin D is also quite toxic, would you celebrate banning that
         | as well?
        
           | kelipso wrote:
           | Yes, there is no need to add vitamin D into the water supply.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | Yeah, because it's not water soluble.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | > The link between fluoride ingestion by children and pregnant
         | women to lower IQ in children has been known for years
         | 
         | Not at the levels it is found in water in the USA. Those
         | studies were done in countries with much higher levels of
         | fluoride.
        
           | stop50 wrote:
           | Or where the people drink much more water
        
           | kelipso wrote:
           | A low dose of this neurotoxin can still have smaller adverse
           | effects on IQ, and in all likelihood do, especially for
           | fetuses and small children. Lots of countries have banned
           | fluoridation of the water supply. The US has one of the
           | highest fluoride levels in the water supply. The default
           | should be to not add neurotoxins into the water supply (I
           | cannot believe I have to actually say this).
        
             | otterley wrote:
             | If that were true, nearly the entire state of California
             | would have developmental issues.
             | 
             | Anyway, lots of things in this world that are bad for
             | people in high doses are beneficial in smaller doses. Water
             | is a great example, as are salt and sugar.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | This logic is so flawed. We. know the biological
               | mechanisms in the body that makes use of salt and sugar.
               | And we know both are safe in relatively large amounts
               | too.
               | 
               | With fluoride, relatively small amounts in the drinking
               | water is known to cause lower IQ.
               | 
               | But somehow even smaller amounts are safer?
               | 
               | Do you just not see the problem here or are you purposely
               | blinding yourself to the reality because of your
               | political biases? Is it an unconscious thing for you?
               | 
               | You are simply not being rational. You are making excuses
               | and excuses for holding a belief you have had and
               | probably defended for years. And now you are too invested
               | to left the belief go. Just let it go already.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | The relationship appears to be linear down to zero, but it's
           | very hard to study near those levels. From what I've seen,
           | the best current science is that the fluoridation levels in
           | typical western countries are reducing average IQ by about
           | 0.5-1.5 points.
           | 
           | For reference, adding lead to fuel was far, _far_ worse.
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | Any citations?
             | 
             | I suspect it is hard to control for confounding
             | correlations - specifically I would guess it is more likely
             | that poorer areas are flouridated. HV electric power lines
             | and nuclear stations have the issue that poorer people are
             | more likely to live next to those, and poorer people have
             | have worse health outcomes so it falsely appears that both
             | of those cause the health problems.
        
       | tayo42 wrote:
       | > Republican state lawmaker Stephanie Gricius - who introduced
       | the bill in the state legislature - has argued that there is
       | research suggesting fluoride could have possible cognitive
       | effects in children.
       | 
       | It's kind of amazing to say something like that then be so
       | inconsistent on things that will have real outcomes that make
       | life better for kids. They're all for cutting school support and
       | social services.
        
         | poisonarena wrote:
         | is Utah cutting school support and social services?
        
           | tayo42 wrote:
           | Is there a reason to expect this republican to hold views
           | that differ significantly from the rest of the party?
        
             | bennettnate5 wrote:
             | Fun anecdote: Utah's Republicans actually rejected the MAGA
             | candidates in the Republican primary for both Senator and
             | Governer by a wide margin, despite the MAGA candidates
             | having Trump's endorsement. If nothing else, Utah doesn't
             | vote MAGA-or-bust like some other states have been.
        
               | tayo42 wrote:
               | Interesting. Alright then maybe there is a possibility.
               | Thanks for sharing!
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | Utah has among the best schools in the nation:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/Utah/comments/1idrt6j/utah_spends_t...
         | 
         | It also has among the happiest citizens:
         | https://www.deseret.com/utah/2024/09/09/utah-mental-health-h...
         | 
         | It has the highest economic mobility in the country:
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/adammillsap/2023/12/22/utah-top...
         | 
         | Despite being filled with guns, it's got a homicide rate only a
         | little higher than Canada:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intention...
         | 
         | And it's ranked in the top 10 states for life expectancy:
         | https://www.axios.com/local/salt-lake-city/2022/08/24/utah-t...
         | 
         | Utah and Massachusetts are basically the steel-man versions of
         | their respective ideologies. But Utah doesn't have the benefit
         | of Harvard and MIT, major Pharma companies, etc. It's
         | surrounded by desert and has no natural resources to speak of.
        
           | croes wrote:
           | Doesn't that contradict the negative outcome of fluoride in
           | the water?
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | A lot of that is due to the Mormons. While they tend to vote
           | Republican, they are some of the biggest socialists out
           | there. They believe in giving 10% of their income to the
           | church (and enforce it!).
           | 
           | Then they redistribute to their poorest members in the form
           | of free private education at all pre-college levels and
           | highly subsidized college as well. And with food banks, free
           | or subsidized medical services, and whole bunch of other
           | things the government doesn't provide.
           | 
           | They've essentially traded one government for another, but
           | theirs requires belief in their religion and only applies to
           | their believers (who happen to concentrate in Utah).
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | > [The Mormons] believe in giving 10% of their income
             | 
             | Is that income before tax or after tax?
             | 
             | "After tax" seems like it should be obvious, but then
             | wouldn't that require tax specialists to decide how to deal
             | with tax exceptions (retirement taxation incentives,
             | donations, etcetera).
             | 
             | If the 10% donation is tax deductible, doesn't that require
             | some mathematics to work out the 10%?
             | 
             | Irrelevant aside: I think the efficient altruist 10% is
             | "We're often asked how exactly to calculate income --
             | should it be pre-tax or post-tax? Generally, we recommend
             | choosing the option that makes most sense to you, though we
             | think it makes sense to choose pre-tax if your donations
             | are tax-deductible (for example, GiftAid counts towards
             | your Pledge!) and post-tax if they're not.".
             | https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/pledge
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | It's pre-tax. It comes from the Bible where you set it
               | aside "before anything else".
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | What about capital appreciation? Business losses?
               | 
               | I presume there are guidelines that get complicated? Like
               | Halakha or Sharia?
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | I'm not Mormon, so I don't know for sure, but what I hear
               | from people are or were Mormon, the enforcement is a
               | combination of social pressure and the Church demanding
               | you provide them with a copy of your taxes to remain a
               | member. I assume it's pretty loose from there.
        
               | smj-edison wrote:
               | I'm a Mormon, so I can answer these :)
               | 
               | I can't speak to how enforcement was in the past (I
               | haven't researched it enough to say), but the way it
               | currently stands is there is a yearly "tithing
               | settlement". No tax documents are requested, all that our
               | church has is the amount I donate. The bishop asks if I'm
               | a full tithe payer, and accepts my answer.
               | 
               | Social pressure perhaps? But at least where I've been
               | it's appeal to morality as taught in our canon.
               | 
               | Membership is not rescinded for not paying tithing, but a
               | temple recommend requires being a full tithe payer (as
               | reported by me).
               | 
               | EDIT: link to the official handbook:
               | https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/general-
               | han...
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | Thanks for the info! Maybe the tax forms are on a per
               | ward basis or per bishop?
        
               | smj-edison wrote:
               | Not that I know of? I double-checked the handbook and
               | there's nothing in there that mentions requesting tax
               | forms, so it's certainly not official policy and if it
               | did happen it should be reported. (We're very
               | bureaucratic, lol)
               | 
               | The only tax form I can think of is a form they send me
               | so I can deduct it from taxes (as it's legally a tax-
               | deductible donation).
               | 
               | EDIT: Section 34.4, 34.5.2, and 34.5.6 are applicable.
               | 
               | 34.4:
               | 
               | > Confidentiality of Tithing and Other Offerings
               | 
               | > The amount of tithing and other offerings paid by a
               | donor is confidential. Only the bishop and those who are
               | authorized to handle or view these contributions should
               | have access to this information. Stake presidencies,
               | bishoprics, and clerks should never inappropriately
               | discuss a member's tithing status. Nor should they
               | discuss the total amount of tithing or other offerings
               | received.
               | 
               | 34.5.2:
               | 
               | > Receiving Tithing and Other Offerings
               | 
               | > The Lord has given bishops the sacred trust of
               | receiving and accounting for the tithes and other
               | offerings of the Saints (see Doctrine and Covenants
               | 42:30-33; 119). Only the bishop and his counselors may
               | receive tithes and other offerings. Under no
               | circumstances should their wives, other members of their
               | families, clerks, or other ward members receive these
               | contributions. The only exception is when Aaronic
               | Priesthood holders are assigned to collect fast offerings
               | (see 34.3.2).
               | 
               | > Church leaders and members should not leave donations
               | unattended.
               | 
               | 34.5.6:
               | 
               | > Donation Statements
               | 
               | > Donor Statements of Contributions are available to all
               | members at donations.ChurchofJesusChrist.org. Leaders
               | should encourage members to regularly review their donor
               | statements. Where applicable, official tax statements are
               | also available at donations.ChurchofJesusChrist.org, from
               | the local unit, or from the area office.
        
               | bruckie wrote:
               | No. I've been a member all my life in several U.S. states
               | and internationally, and I've also been a volunteer
               | finance clerk at church for many years. I've never been
               | asked for tax forms, or even heard of anyone being asked
               | for tax forms. It's not a thing.
               | 
               | Also, there's no prescriptive guidance on pre-tax vs.
               | post-tax, or how to handle many edge cases, such as
               | capital gains, tax deductions, etc. The church's stance
               | is that it's between you and God to figure out how to
               | apply the "pay 10%" guidance.
               | 
               | Old, but still observed: https://www.churchofjesuschrist.
               | org/study/ensign/1974/04/i-h...:
               | 
               | "...the simplest statement we know of is that statement
               | of the Lord himself that the members of the Church should
               | pay one-tenth of all their interest annually, which is
               | understood to mean income. No one is justified in making
               | any other statement than this. We feel that every member
               | of the Church should be entitled to make his own decision
               | as to what he thinks he owes the Lord, and to make
               | payment accordingly."
        
               | buzzerbetrayed wrote:
               | The quote you provide is grossly misleading, as that
               | isn't what tithing meant in the early days of the church.
               | The church just says "which is understood to mean income"
               | so causally that it's essentially a lie. They say that to
               | get more money. They hold peoples salvation at gun point
               | to make sure it gets paid. And then they use their wealth
               | and influence to drive state policy. It's all very gross.
        
               | smj-edison wrote:
               | Not quite following your point? What about that is a lie?
               | 
               | At the beginning of The Church of Jesus Christ, saints
               | were asked to consecrate all that they had to the bishop.
               | Legally they signed away all rights to their property and
               | the bishop leased it back to them.
               | 
               | They found that that wasn't sustainable (due to debts and
               | disputes) and switched to 10% of interest (see Section
               | 119 in D&C,
               | https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-
               | test...). While tithing was paid in the past with
               | animals, food, etc, that just doesn't scale beyond local
               | communities.
               | 
               | Yes, our church does use funds for advocacy, but it's
               | hard to ascribe pure malice to a church that spends $1
               | billion annually on humanitarian aid every year, and is
               | expanding affordable education to tens of thousands of
               | people in developing countries.
               | 
               | Not all of us agree with how much money is being held in
               | reserve, but it's important to understand that we don't
               | have a testimony in the church because of what we get
               | from it, or even agree with all policies, but rather
               | because of a personal witness of its truth. It is true
               | that some stay in our church because of social pressure,
               | and I'm not going to defend that practice. But, that's
               | not what our core doctrine teaches.
               | 
               | I understand that it's easy to think that we are all a
               | homogenous group that all thinks the same, but peek under
               | the surface and you'll find many of us who find the core
               | doctrine so compelling that we are willing to stick with
               | the church and to enact change in constructive instead of
               | destructive ways.
        
               | mrkstu wrote:
               | There are endless debates about gross vs net and as with
               | many things in the CoJCoLDS it is left up to the members
               | to decide/define and to self-certify their compliance.
               | Welfare programs are financed via a separate donation
               | program via a monthly fast where the skipped meals
               | expenses are donated to the program.
        
               | cornstalks wrote:
               | > _Is that income before tax or after tax?_
               | 
               | It's up to personal interpretation. Some do before tax,
               | some do after. Some only pay tithing on their regular
               | income (i.e. from a normal job) but not on "already
               | tithed" income (e.g. birthday money from parents), while
               | others do it differently.
               | 
               | The church's stance is that they say you should pay 10%
               | tithing on your income. They don't define income. And all
               | they do is ask "do you pay a full tithe?" And it's up to
               | you to decide if you do or not based on how you view what
               | "income" means.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | That's the steel-man version of (american) conservatism:
             | civic institutions provide the safety net instead of the
             | government.
             | 
             | And in terms of aggregate outcomes, Utah's results are
             | impressive. The LDS apparently does a better job teaching
             | kids to read than the government here in Maryland.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | > Utah achieves great aggregate outcomes even compared to
               | states that spend a lot more money
               | 
               | That's because you're not counting the money the church
               | spends to replace government programs, which in Utah is
               | significant.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Utah has less money to start with, though. It doesn't
               | have big industries or things like that. Median income is
               | $40,000 versus about $50,000 in Maryland and
               | Massachusetts.
        
               | Sabinus wrote:
               | >civic institutions provide the safety net instead of the
               | government
               | 
               | Now that the internet has destroyed local community and
               | trust in institutions, what will conservatism do?
        
               | voidhorse wrote:
               | Yeah, but extremely regressive views on equality and
               | women's rights come along with it....
               | 
               | You can get a lot done when you establish regressive
               | control structures for enforcement. Generally speaking,
               | most people usually don't want that trade-off.
        
             | bennettnate5 wrote:
             | > and only applies to their believers (who happen to
             | concentrate in Utah)
             | 
             | Worth noting here that the church additionally spends north
             | of $1 billion _annually_ on humanitarian aid across the
             | globe [1] (separate from the redistributions to the poor
             | mentioned by OP). Aid is provided independent of religious
             | affiliation.
             | 
             | [1] https://philanthropies.churchofjesuschrist.org/humanita
             | rian-...
        
               | bink wrote:
               | Al Capone ran soup kitchens. He seemed like a good dude.
               | What percentage of their global wealth is $1 billion? I
               | wish I knew but for some reason they keep that a secret.
               | And don't leave or they'll expect your family to cut you
               | off.
               | 
               | *: searches suggest the wealth of the church to be around
               | $265 billion. So their members give 10% annually to the
               | church and the church gives less than 0.5% of their total
               | wealth to the poor (but mostly to other Mormons or
               | prospective converts). If you're wondering why they keep
               | this massive horde of wealth, it's because they think
               | it'll be needed for the apocalypse. Yes, it's for the
               | apocalypse.
        
             | krupan wrote:
             | Calling Mormons socialist is inaccurate. Socialism is
             | government-forced redistribution of wealth. A large
             | majority of Mormons, at least in Utah, are very much
             | opposed to that. You are correct that a large majority of
             | Mormons _voluntarily_ share their wealth with the poor and
             | needy.
             | 
             | You are incorrect saying that you have to be a member of
             | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the actual
             | name of the "Mormon church") to receive these benefits. In
             | some cases there will be conditions, like if you want to
             | attend one of the church universities you will need to
             | promise to abstain from alcohol (one example), but becoming
             | a baptized member of the church is not required
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | > Calling Mormons socialist is inaccurate
               | 
               | I would say it's very accurate. They are forced to share
               | their wealth to get into the Kingdom of God. The only
               | choice they have is to not go to heaven. I'd say that's
               | being forced, just by a different power.
               | 
               | > but becoming a baptized member of the church is not
               | required
               | 
               | You don't get the BYU discount unless you're baptized.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think you are missing the key element, that socialism
               | isnt just a structure or institution, but a _government_
               | policy and applied to all people within a society.
               | 
               | It is neither optional or excludable.
               | 
               | This is why the monopoly man choosing to share caviar
               | with his family or paying dues to a yacht club does not
               | make them a socialist. The monopoly man retains full
               | agency over who they share with.
        
               | krupan wrote:
               | That's pretty different than getting arrested and thrown
               | in jail by government thugs for not paying up, whether
               | you believe in the cause or not, but ok?
               | 
               | Even the non-member BYU tuition is subsidized and a much
               | lower price than other comparable colleges. But really,
               | BYU is not the best example of Mormon charity, it can
               | only accommodate a limited number of students.
        
       | BJones12 wrote:
       | Note that while this may be first state to _ban_ fluoride, it 's
       | not the first state to not have fluoride in the water. That would
       | be Hawaii (effectively).
        
         | culi wrote:
         | all states were "the first to not have flouride". In 1945 Grand
         | Rapids, MI became the first city _in the world_ to flouridate
         | its water
        
       | codybontecou wrote:
       | Hawaii does not add fluoride to their water. Utah may be the
       | first to out-right ban it, but there are quite a few local
       | communities and cities that opt-out of adding it to their
       | drinking water.
       | 
       | https://chatgpt.com/share/67e8572d-c5f4-8000-9393-c2e894c922...
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | The US is, according to Wikipedia, among a small minority of
         | countries in which a majority of people drink fluoridated
         | water. Various European countries have discontinued doing so.
         | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation>
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Yeah, this is one of those places where because RFK Jr took
           | the anti- stand there's an understandable assumption that
           | it's more nutty anti-science stuff, but it's much less clear
           | cut when it comes to fluoridation. Europe has much lower
           | rates than the US, which is an outlier on these stats only
           | approached by Australia, and before Utah the major high
           | profile anti-fluoride stance was made by Portland:
           | 
           | https://www.wweek.com/portland/blog-30229-portland-voters-
           | so...
           | 
           | To the extent this is a polarized left-right issue, it's only
           | recently and only because _everything_ is polarized right
           | now.
        
             | ics wrote:
             | Using certain family members as a personal rubric,
             | fluoridated water has been a right-left issue for at least
             | 2.5 decades. I think it's been pretty polarized for longer,
             | though it may have taken a long time to gain steam in
             | mainstream "discourse".
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | I'm not sure you can use personal anecdotes to come to
               | any conclusions about broad trends. To look at some
               | actual data, I took the 2008 and 2024 election results
               | and compared them with fluoridation rates. The split is
               | pretty even:
               | 
               | The top 10 most fluoridated states went 5/5 Rep/Dem in
               | 2008 and 6/4 Rep/Dem in 2024. These were Kentucky,
               | Minnesota, Illinois, North Dakota, Virginia, Georgia,
               | South Dakota, Maryland, Ohio, and South Carolina. Hardly
               | a blue wall.
               | 
               | The bottom 10 least fluoridated states with 6/4 Rep/Dem
               | in 2008 and 6/4 Rep/Dem in 2024. These were Hawaii, New
               | Jersey, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Louisiana, Alaska, Utah,
               | New Hampshire, and Mississippi. Hardly a red wall.
               | 
               | The bottom three least fluoridated states are all
               | hardcore blue: Hawaii, New Jersey, and Oregon.
               | 
               | I just don't see any evidence here that this has been a
               | left-right polarized issue until this year. The
               | distribution of fluoride by political leanings is just
               | too random.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | It's a great demonstration of the granola-to-libertarian
               | pipeline. Jumping the gap in the horseshoe, so to speak.
        
             | Maken wrote:
             | Fluoridated water was already a plot point in Kubrick's
             | Strangelove from 1964.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | I'd be happier if that broken-but-correct-2x-a-day guy
             | banned HFCS (High Fructose Corn Syrup) instead. It is my
             | personal hypothesis that it is the cause of 'sugar cancer'
             | (general cases of bad sugars / imbalances of sugars in the
             | body), including Diabetes.
        
               | hattar wrote:
               | Interesting hypothesis, is it based on anything specific?
               | I think refined/added sugars in general are probably
               | something best avoided, but admittedly still eat plenty.
               | The idea that one sugar is materially worse than another
               | feels off, but I can't quite put my finger on why.
        
               | EmuAGR wrote:
               | Some sugars ingress faster than others to the
               | bloodstream, causing higher insulin spikes:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemic_index
               | 
               | AFAIK, HFCS is one of the worst offenders.
        
               | llm_nerd wrote:
               | The GI of sugar (sucrose) and HFCS is largely the same.
               | Indeed, the HFCS-55 used in colas actually has less
               | glucose and more fructose, and fructose actually doesn't
               | lead to a blood sugar spike (or, more correctly, a much
               | lower impact), leading to HFCS-55 having a _lower_
               | glycemic index. HFCS and sugar are both just combinations
               | of glucose and fructose molecules.
               | 
               | HFCS is not worse than sugar unless you're consuming such
               | an outrageous amount that the fructose leads to a fatty
               | liver (which does happen). But if you're consuming that
               | much HFCS, it's only a small amount more of sucrose to
               | yield the same outcome, as of course both have loads of
               | fructose.
               | 
               | The one viable argument to vilify HFCS is simply that
               | it's so convenient and inexpensive (courtesy of massively
               | subsidized corn production) that it led to many more
               | products having added sugars. But people who carefully
               | pour over ingredients looking for HFCS, but treat sugar
               | as wholesome, are usually operating on ignorance.
        
               | fashion-at-cost wrote:
               | Not a chance that will happen, given the corn production
               | of America. We have the most productive land in the world
               | for growing maize, and Lord knows we'll find shit to do
               | with it.
        
               | gblargg wrote:
               | You can avoid HFCS without any cost. Avoiding fluoridated
               | city water is costly.
        
               | llm_nerd wrote:
               | Sucrose is 50% fructose, 50% glucose. HFCS has from
               | 42-55% fructose (there are grades), the rest being
               | glucose (well some 25% of HFCS is water, but simplifying
               | to the nutritive parts)
               | 
               | In the body it's literally all the same with minor
               | variations in ratios. Indeed, the revered Mexican coke
               | with cane sugar...the sucrose is broken down to component
               | glucose and fructose in the acidic environment [1],
               | exactly as happens with HFCS variants, and it would have
               | been the moment it hit your digestive tract anyways.
               | 
               | There is zero scientific justification for the weird
               | focus on HFCS. Yes, _glucose_ and grossly excessive
               | amounts of fructose are a serious problem. Especially in
               | forms that rapidly get absorbed and go off like a glucose
               | bomb -- our bodies are not adapted to the extremely rapid
               | intake of glucose forms of food we eat now, including
               | ultra-processed foods fill with refined carbs.
               | 
               | The #1 source of glucose in most diets is white breads,
               | rices and so on. White flour is 60-80% starch, while
               | white rice pushes 90% starch. Starch is strings of
               | glucose molecules, and indeed enzymes turn that starch to
               | free glucose almost immediately when eaten. So from a
               | glucose perspective flour is much worse than an equal
               | amount of sugar.
               | 
               | And of course nutritive sweeteners in all their forms
               | should be avoided. But table sugar isn't more wholesome
               | or better than HFCS.
               | 
               | [1] - Fun video about the sucrose in Mexican coke -
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NY66qpMFOYo
        
           | jemmyw wrote:
           | I was surprised to learn this. "Worldwide, the Irish
           | Republic, Singapore and New Zealand are the only countries
           | which implement mandatory water fluoridation."
           | 
           | I live in New Zealand and my town doesn't put fluoride in the
           | water but it seems like they'll be made to do so fairly soon.
           | I don't really care one way or the other from the point of
           | view of ingesting the stuff, but I do consider it a bit of a
           | waste of money. People who brush with toothpaste don't need
           | this and people who don't are probably drinking too much
           | soda. A more useful thing to do might be to subsidize
           | toothpaste for people who can't / won't buy it for their
           | kids.
        
             | fao_ wrote:
             | > People who brush with toothpaste don't need this and
             | people who don't are probably drinking too much soda
             | 
             | I think every person in my social circles with any kind of
             | illness or disability would be incredibly grateful for
             | fluoridation, and it's not because of drinking too much
             | soda
        
           | elif wrote:
           | Fluoridation, imperial measurement, 20% tips, taxes added at
           | the register, and circumcision are the weirdest things
           | Americans think everyone does.
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | > 20% tips
             | 
             | Is this real?
        
               | kevingadd wrote:
               | Yeah the lowest option on some point of sale systems now
               | is 20.
        
               | NortySpock wrote:
               | Yes, for nearly any restaurant this is the unspoken
               | recommendation, and sometimes enforced automatically if
               | your group is larger than 6-8. Source: I am an American.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | When i read it now it is ridiculous how high the tip rate
               | is. Yes 18-25% a lot of them tip on the taxed total bill
               | which is bananas
        
               | bruckie wrote:
               | Yes, it's pretty common. It's also common for businesses
               | where customers tip to underpay their employees on the
               | expectation that they'll make it up with tips. It's legal
               | to do this in many jurisdictions.
               | 
               | As an American, I wish we didn't do this, but it's a
               | collective action problem that's very hard to solve.
        
               | missingcolours wrote:
               | What exactly is the definition of "underpay" here? Back
               | when my wife was a server, it seemed like a cheat code to
               | the service industry - she was making way more money
               | waiting tables for $2.65/hr + tips than she had made at
               | any other job she'd had (something like $18-20/hr 15
               | years ago)
        
               | TMWNN wrote:
               | Correct. bruckie has never actually worked as a server;
               | otherwise he would know that tipping in the US is
               | _hugely_ beneficial to waiters, bartenders, etc., even
               | with the legally allowed lower minimum wage. This is why
               | tipping has never gone away through legislative means
               | despite no shortage of waiters and bartenders in the
               | populace, and why the occasional restaurant that proudly
               | announces that it is a  "no-tipping" establishment, and
               | gets the requisite amount of slavering coverage in the
               | usual virtue-signaling subreddits, never stays open long.
        
               | bruckie wrote:
               | My dislike of tipping isn't to help the "poor servers"
               | (and other employees partially compensated via tips).
               | You're correct that I've never been a server, but I've
               | had several friends and roommates who have been, and I'm
               | aware of how it works. The good ones make (relatively) a
               | lot of money; the bad ones sometimes don't, and usually
               | find a different job pretty quickly. (I totally see how
               | mentioning the lower minimum wage muddled my point,
               | though.)
               | 
               | The reason I wish we didn't tip is because I think the
               | list price should reflect the true cost of whatever I'm
               | buying. I think that is more honest, encourages healthy
               | competition, and is a pleasant consumer experience.
               | 
               | I was really glad when the DOT forced airlines to include
               | taxes and fees in ticket prices in 2012, and wish there
               | were a similar law/regulation that applied to all
               | commerce. (And yes, I realize this is hard, given the
               | incredible complexity of U.S. tax laws in a bazillion
               | different--and often overlapping--jurisdictions.)
        
               | alabastervlog wrote:
               | > What exactly is the definition of "underpay" here?
               | 
               | > $2.65/hr+
        
               | gblargg wrote:
               | Are they agreeing to pay employees one amount, then
               | underpaying them? Why would an employee keep working if
               | they don't get paid the agreed-on salary?
        
               | conradkay wrote:
               | The restaurant pays them tipped wage which is a lot
               | lower, but the employee more than makes up for it from
               | all the tips
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | One thing that annoys me is that some states, like
               | California, don't have a tipped minimum wage. (Well, we
               | do, it's just set to the same number as the non-tipped
               | minimum.) And yet we're still expected to tip. I guess
               | the real problem is that it's expensive to live in CA,
               | and our minimum wage needs to be hiked up quite a bit.
        
               | 0xEF wrote:
               | Yep. My favorite thing is when I am not even at a
               | restaurant and I'm being asked to tip a retail worker
               | making well above minimum wage. As a former bartender who
               | made $2.65US an hour and relied on tips for my "paycheck"
               | each week, seeing this new "tipping everyone" trend is
               | like a slap in the face.
               | 
               | Bottom line, if your business can't afford to pay its
               | people a living wage, then it can't afford to operate.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Two of the most hilarious things I've seen are tips at
               | self-serve kiosks, and tips where you carry the food to
               | the person behind the counter. Tipping them for ringing
               | up an item..
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | At a corner store I frequent, they recently changed POS
               | systems, and the new ones show a tipping screen. The
               | person there always quickly dismisses it; I think they
               | haven't figured out how to disable it, and are a little
               | embarrassed that the machine is asking you to tip for
               | just ringing up your items.
               | 
               | (Well, they also make espresso drinks and made-to-order
               | deli sandwiches, so I guess it's appropriate to tip if
               | you order those.)
        
               | TMWNN wrote:
               | >(Well, they also make espresso drinks and made-to-order
               | deli sandwiches, so I guess it's appropriate to tip if
               | you order those.)
               | 
               | I disagree. I tip for delivery, and for table service.
               | Not for a service that does not require leaving the
               | counter.
        
               | welder wrote:
               | One of the many reasons I left the USA. Too bad US-
               | Americans are so used to tipping 20% they even do it when
               | traveling... giving the rest of us a reputation as being
               | suckers.
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | Tipping is why you left the US? Really?
        
               | welder wrote:
               | Yes, one of the MANY cultural reasons. One less thing I
               | have to think about when paying for food. There's
               | honestly too many reasons to list: cost, safety, food,
               | transportation, work life balance, education, being near
               | family, and to see more of the world.
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | Sounds like the "one of" is doing a lot of work there
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | You said one of the main reasons which is really silly.
        
               | sampullman wrote:
               | Tipping isn't the reason I left, but after some years
               | away, it's in the top 10 or so reasons I'm unlikely to
               | move back.
               | 
               | It's pretty nice to go to a cafe, pay a fair price, and
               | not be guilted into 20% extra by a PoS machine.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > It's pretty nice to go to a cafe, pay a fair price, and
               | not be guilted into 20% extra by a PoS machine.
               | 
               | Are you worried the machine will think less of you if you
               | don't tip? Where does guilt come into it?
        
               | sampullman wrote:
               | "Guilt" is an exaggeration, but the human behind the
               | machine might care. It's a tiny inconvenience all things
               | considered, and more of a principal than a practical
               | issue. It helps tip the scale of where I'd rather live.
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | That is very silly.
        
               | osigurdson wrote:
               | In Canada, these days, even Subway expects a tip. It is
               | insane.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Yes, at least in NYC. And you get to tip in coffee places
               | too, even when your coffee is to go. The card payment
               | device (whatever they are called) gives you options such
               | as 20%, 40%, 60% when you try to pay.
        
               | elif wrote:
               | I kid you not, majority of Americans (myself included)
               | feel some level of guilt pushing the 15% button.
        
             | brikym wrote:
             | They're doing both tipping and untipping.
        
           | habosa wrote:
           | Many other places fluoridate salt. There's many ways to get
           | flourish (toothpaste being the best if you can get people to
           | use it correctly) but the evidence that mass fluoridation of
           | some kind is good for dental health is enormous.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | I initially dismissed it as the same category of stupid as anti-
       | vax beliefs, but it turns out that there are a decent amount of
       | good studies showing a link between fluoride in water and
       | (slightly) lower IQ when pregnant mothers ingest the fluoride.
       | Note that there is no significant effect after birth.
       | 
       | The idea is to remove fluoride from water and advise pregnant
       | women to use fluoride-free toothpaste.
       | 
       | Everyone else can get enough fluoride from modern toothpastes, or
       | regular dentist treatments.
       | 
       | The logic is that fluoride in tap water made sense in the era
       | before toothpaste had it, but now it is "overmedicating" a
       | vulnerable fraction of the population.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | The IQ link is very heavily lacking in evidence.
         | 
         | In the actual research the main "risk" posed by flouridated
         | water is actually fluorosis. This causes minerals in your
         | enamel to be replaced with flouride which can cause them to be
         | brittle in the long term. It's pretty uncommon but the thought
         | is that now that flouride toothpaste are commonplace, the
         | benefit of flouridated water is also way less. Which changes
         | the calculus.
         | 
         | A not insignificant number of researchers are advocating for
         | the view that flouridating water just isn't worth it anymore
         | and the (slight) risk of flourosis is more significant than the
         | (slight) benefit of decreased dental caries.
        
           | Jimmc414 wrote:
           | > The IQ link is very heavily lacking in evidence.
           | 
           | Where is the evidence that _you_ have the authority to add
           | 7mg /L of fluoride to _my_ drinking water when I request the
           | option? I get that it helps with cavities but me personally
           | want the option to brush my teeth and drink basic water
           | without additives.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | What do you mean? There's literally tons of evidence. Do
             | you think fluoride doesn't actually reduce cavities?
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | You can't win. Freedom, IQ, precious bodily fluids.
               | There's no end to the nonsense.
               | 
               | My city started fluoridating a few years ago. The crazy
               | was off the chart, they're still active. NYC has
               | fluoridated for 60 years, you'd think someone would have
               | figured out that the entire city is dumber.
        
               | like_any_other wrote:
               | Bodily autonomy is "nonsense"?
        
               | scheeseman486 wrote:
               | How do you feel about the fossil fuel industry, because
               | they're responsible for far more carcinogens entering
               | your body than Big Flouride.
        
               | grues-dinner wrote:
               | Not just regular toxic chemicals, either, through the is
               | plenty of that. Quite a bit of radiation too.
               | 
               | And companies that adulterate, misrepresent and obfuscate
               | what they put in food as well. No-one is putting corn
               | syrup or brominated vegetable oil in food with any
               | intention other than money money money.
               | 
               | In fact, if I were an evil subgenius and really actively
               | wanted to damage the IQs of the nation for some nefarious
               | purpose, and it has to be substance-based, I'd avoid
               | things with annoying oversight like public drinking water
               | and vaccines and focus on food and pollution as a vector.
               | If challenged, I just say "why do you hate my freedom to
               | make a profit and provide jobs". Sure, the FDA and EPA
               | exist, but even then you can get away with far, far more
               | in those areas. Food wise, HFCS, BVO, etc, pollution
               | wise, almost everything to with plastics or polymers,
               | oil, coal, gas the list goes on and on.
        
               | TheBicPen wrote:
               | Do you think bodily autonomy is absolute? Your comments
               | seem to imply that bodily autonomy is the only relevant
               | thing to consider when discussing patient care. The world
               | doesn't work that way. Believe it or not, a doctor won't
               | amputate a limb when you show up with a runny nose even
               | if you insist that that's the procedure you want. Search
               | up the 4 principles of biomedical ethics if you want to
               | learn more about the factors that influence doctors'
               | ethical decisions.
               | 
               | Or do you mean that your opinion _should_ trump that of
               | any doctor or expert in any field when the issue pertains
               | to your person? If that 's the case, I wonder why you
               | choose to participate in society at all, given that
               | you're uncomfortable with the idea that other people
               | might know more than you.
        
               | like_any_other wrote:
               | > Do you think bodily autonomy is absolute?
               | 
               | No. When decisions I take could affect others, that can,
               | in a limited way, justify overriding bodily autonomy.
               | E.g. preventing someone with an infectious disease from
               | spreading it by quarantining them. Or when they can't
               | make their own decisions, e.g. if they're children,
               | suffering dementia, or are unconscious and time is
               | critical.
               | 
               | > Believe it or not, a doctor won't amputate a limb
               | 
               | I struggle to understand how this is a reasonable, much
               | less charitable, interpretation of my words. Bodily
               | autonomy does not include commanding others. But people
               | can refuse care, even when it is medically sound. Except
               | in very limited circumstances, doctors may not _force_
               | procedures or medicine on unwilling patients.
               | 
               | > Or do you mean that your opinion should trump that of
               | any doctor or expert in any field when the issue pertains
               | to your person? If that's the case, I wonder why you
               | choose to participate in society at all, given that
               | you're uncomfortable with the idea that other people
               | might know more than you.
               | 
               | One does not at all follow from the other. Experts in the
               | field will tell me excessive sweets are bad for me (and I
               | believe them) - should they get to put a block my credit
               | card so it cannot be used to buy unhealthy snacks, only
               | healthy food?
               | 
               | I have humored your post, now please explain to me: How
               | does believing people have a right to refuse medical
               | treatment imply I am uncomfortable with others being more
               | knowledgeable?
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > you'd think someone would have figured out that
               | 
               | Maybe that's why they haven't?
               | 
               | But being serious if it's relatively low and the negative
               | effects only occur during pregnancy it's not that easy to
               | measure it.
               | 
               | Obviously there is no conclusive evidence (even if the
               | studies from China seem somewhat credible) but IMHO even
               | if the likelihood of this being true is e.g. only 5-10%,
               | risk of a population wide loss of 1-2 IQ points seems
               | like a massively too high price to pay just to slightly
               | reduce cavity rates.
               | 
               | Also dismissing all credible (albeit weak) scientific
               | evidence out of hand just because crazy people hold
               | similar beliefs is a about as stupid as what they are
               | doing..
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Well one issue with your snark here is that IQs within
               | the country are going down, and nobody really knows why.
               | [1]
               | 
               | The Flynn Effect was the observation that real IQ scores
               | were increasing over time. But sometime around 1990 this
               | seems to have stopped in pretty much the entire developed
               | world, including the US. I'm not implying that this is
               | solely due to fluoridation, though it's certainly a
               | plausible contributing factor. But as for your snark
               | about 'someone would have figured out people are getting
               | dumber' - well, they have, and we don't know why.
               | 
               | [1] (pop media coverage of study) - https://www.popularme
               | chanics.com/science/a43469569/american-...
               | 
               | [1] (study - no paywall!) - https://www.sciencedirect.com
               | /science/article/pii/S016028962...
        
               | alpaca128 wrote:
               | Flouridation of drinking water does not happen in the
               | entire developed world, though.
               | 
               | And lower IQ scores don't necessarily say much about pure
               | intelligence directly, a worsening education system could
               | also contribute and that's not exactly far fetched. And
               | your linked source says:
               | 
               | > The steepest slopes occurred for ages 18-22 and _lower
               | levels of education_
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | Fluorinated water minimally reduces cavities:
               | https://www.cochrane.org/news/water-fluoridation-less-
               | effect...
               | 
               | It was probably much more effective 50 years ago when
               | fluoride was not in everyone's toothpaste.
        
             | afthonos wrote:
             | There isn't any! GP doesn't have that authority! Well done!
             | 
             | On the other hand, the society you live in probably has
             | some sort of document establishing who does have the
             | authority, and how it devolves to the actual policy-makers.
             | Google "$YOUR_LOCATION government" and you'll have some
             | good starting points. If you're lucky, you might even get
             | to participate in the process; "$YOUR_LOCATION elections"
             | will give you good pointers in that case.
        
             | loktarogar wrote:
             | The people of Flint, MI were (and some still are!) forced
             | to drink bottled water for years when their water was
             | contaminated with lead.
             | 
             | When you drink from publicly supplied water, you accept
             | risks that can be much worse than fluoride in your water.
             | If you want to avoid that, you need to procure your own
             | drinking water.
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | 7mg/L? Where the heck did you get that figure? The correct
             | value is a tenth of that: 0.7 milligrams per Liter (mg/L)
             | The limit is 2mg/L, and that's only found in places with
             | _naturally occurring_ high levels of flouride.
        
             | don_neufeld wrote:
             | You can solve your "problem" for a very small price: it
             | costs under $0.50 per day to distill your own drinking
             | water per person.
             | 
             | So for $15/mo, "problem" solved.
             | 
             | Are you doing that?
        
             | Sparkle-san wrote:
             | It's not your water, it's municipal water you purchase with
             | the fluoride in it.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | _Which changes the calculus_
           | 
           | Was that intentional?
           | (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dental_calculus for those who
           | didn't get the reference.)
        
             | kazinator wrote:
             | The canonical form is "I see what you did there".
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Fluorosis is very common afaik. My dentist told me I have it:
           | slightly whiter patches on my teeth. Then he showed me his
           | own fluorosis. It actually is stronger than the old enamel.
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | > The IQ link is very heavily lacking in evidence.
           | 
           | Not really: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/f
           | ullarticle/...
        
             | shlant wrote:
             | your study has been heavily criticized where you already
             | posted it:
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43523900
             | 
             | I can only assume once you see those very valid criticisms,
             | you will update your references
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Does the study not literally refute the claim that
               | fluoride's negative impact on IQ is lacking in evidence,
               | contrary to the original claim? What exactly do you think
               | needs to be updated?
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Children are the main group that benefits from fluoride in
           | water because the fluoride helps strengthen teeth as they
           | form. Lack of fluoride increases childhood cavities, leading
           | to decreased academic performance.
           | 
           | This was a real problem in the San Jose school district until
           | recently. They started fluoridation of water in the last ten
           | years, and were the biggest US city that didn't fluoridate.
           | The evidence of the above is clear according to SJ dentists I
           | have talked to.
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | The National Toxicology Program recently completed a fairly
           | substantial meta study and concluded that "for every 1 mg/L
           | increase in urinary fluoride, there is a decrease of 1.63 IQ
           | points in children.". [1] This is also relevant to OP since
           | it's not just pregnant women at risk from excessive
           | fluoridation but also children. For now it seems that adults
           | are, somewhat oddly, unaffected.
           | 
           | [1] - https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/nonca
           | ncer/...
        
             | Aloisius wrote:
             | In bold from your source:
             | 
             |  _> It is important to note that there were insufficient
             | data to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg /L
             | currently recommended for U.S. community water supplies has
             | a negative effect on children's IQ._
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Yeah, note the measurement is in urine. So there are two
               | separate issues. Determining whether fluoride is damaging
               | to IQ, and then whether the levels in water can drive
               | this. The former is way easier to evaluate than the
               | latter. The reason comes from that study's intro
               | pargraphs:
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | "Since 1945, the use of fluoride has been a successful
               | public health initiative for reducing dental cavities and
               | improving general oral health of adults and children.
               | There is a concern, however, that some pregnant women and
               | children may be getting more fluoride than they need
               | because they now get fluoride from many sources including
               | treated public water, water-added foods and beverages,
               | teas, toothpaste, floss, and mouthwash, and the combined
               | total intake of fluoride may exceed safe amounts."
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | So the issue is trying to isolate the exact amount and
               | source of fluoride people are getting. And that probably
               | has no answer because it's going to vary dependent on how
               | much fluoridated water somebody drinks, the rest of their
               | diet, their other dental hygiene composition, and more.
               | So levels that would be safe for one percent of the
               | population, will be dangerous for another percent of it.
        
         | Speedy218 wrote:
         | > but now it is "overmedicating" a vulnerable fraction of the
         | population.
         | 
         | Makes sense, but the intention also is that many people do not
         | brush their teeth, or at least do not brush them as often as
         | they should, and so fluoride is added to drinking water to
         | compensate so people's teeth don't start to fall out at an
         | alarming rate.
        
           | apothegm wrote:
           | Sadly, an alarming percentage of Americans don't drink water.
           | I've spoken to way too many people who think water tastes
           | wrong because it's not sweet enough.
        
             | singpolyma3 wrote:
             | I've heard this and it doesn't fit in my brain. They never
             | drink water? Ever?
        
               | TimTheTinker wrote:
               | Something like 10% of SNAP benefits go towards purchases
               | of soda pop and other sugary drinks made by PepsiCo/etc.
        
               | kacesensitive wrote:
               | It's heartbreaking, but not surprising. When you're
               | dealing with limited resources, constant stress, and
               | often living in areas where healthy options are harder to
               | access or more expensive, sugary drinks can feel like an
               | affordable comfort. Instead of judging SNAP recipients,
               | we should be looking at the systems that make soda more
               | accessible than clean, appealing , and fresh food.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Another take would also just be that it hardly proves
               | they don't drink water, just that they also like
               | something else.
               | 
               | But the "soda" category these days is also pretty
               | overloaded: full sugar coke vs Coke zero is a _very_
               | different calory intake.
        
               | apothegm wrote:
               | Coke zero is still murder on your teeth, though. (And not
               | fluoridated, of course.)
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Are SNAP recipients not allowed to enjoy a soda at all? I
               | really don't understand the problem with this. Society
               | acts like signing up for SNAP involves signing a contract
               | to lose 100 pounds and only eat iceberg lettuce or
               | something.
        
               | dullcrisp wrote:
               | No, but I think spending 10% of your food budget on soda
               | is unfortunate regardless. Of course they have a right to
               | it.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | Americans seem to love to gatekeep what the poor are
               | allowed to have or not have. They have this image of the
               | Welfare Queen driving a pink Cadillac to cash her welfare
               | checks at the liquor store. It seems that no matter how
               | desperately destitute someone might be, there's a person
               | who will point at something they have, whether it's a
               | tent to sleep in under a bridge (a gift from an
               | organization providing assistance to the houseless), a
               | bicycle that's their only means of transportation, or a
               | garden planted on public property, and say "they can't be
               | _that_ poor if they have that!
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | If an individual spends 10% of their SNAP benefits on
               | soda, they've spent about ~$30 over a month on it, which
               | is ten 20fl oz drinks. People drinking a bit more than a
               | gallon of soda per month only supports the notion that
               | they can subsist on that without any water if you believe
               | that they categorically have some sort of exceptional
               | unhuman biology.
        
               | dwattttt wrote:
               | Time to buy Brawndo shares
        
               | rl3 wrote:
               | Brawndo's got what plants crave. It's got electrolytes.
               | Water is for toilets, drink Brawndo! _The Thirst
               | Mutilator._
               | 
               | You know on a serious note, it occurred to me that Liquid
               | Death's slogan "Murder your thirst" isn't far off. Wonder
               | if it's a not-so-subtle nod.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | I wouldn't find that unusual. I hardly ever drink water;
               | if it's available, I drink milk. Why would you drink
               | water?
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Water is great for hydration without filling you
               | otherwise. Like, say you need to drink a lot of fluid
               | because you are really active, you would probably get
               | sick of milk pretty quickly.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > say you need to drink a lot of fluid because you are
               | really active
               | 
               | If you're replacing sweat, wouldn't you want sports
               | drinks?
               | 
               | https://www.gocomics.com/peanuts/1969/03/27
               | 
               | But anyway, in most cases, the fact that drinking milk
               | doubles as a source of food is clearly a benefit. It's
               | hard to explain a common behavior by reference to a rare
               | circumstance.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Sports drinks aren't really good for you, but you
               | definitely can drink a lot more of them than you can
               | milk.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | If I replaced my water intake with milk it would probably
               | make me sick.
               | 
               | Water has zero calories, is reasonably filling, neutral-
               | tasting, and gives me what my body needs, without any
               | other junk. What's not to like?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Well, it's true that water has zero calories and is
               | neutral tasting. It's not filling to any degree, and milk
               | will give you a lot _more_ of what your body needs.
        
               | singpolyma3 wrote:
               | Milk is water sugar and fat. Hardly a good source of
               | things your body needs (except the water, which you can
               | get from water)
        
               | monetus wrote:
               | - Along with extra enzymes that promote growing things
               | kids need more than adults, and if all you drink is milk
               | you _will_ overdo it.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | You're making me really curious what you think the
               | purpose of eating is.
               | 
               | Also, what you think cheese consists of.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | Particularly when traveling, I don't enjoy the taste of tap
             | water. Filtered or (factory filtered then) bottled... and
             | I'm not alone in that viewpoint.
        
               | twothamendment wrote:
               | When traveling by vehicle (pickup truck for me) I've
               | thrown in a 5 gallon cooler of water from home. It was so
               | nice to want to drink water because it was my own good
               | well water that tastes like I'm used to.
               | 
               | When I had to fly to NY for work I felt like I couldn't
               | get water anywhere that was worth drinking.
        
               | dcrazy wrote:
               | Where in New York? If NYC, this sounds insane to me,
               | because New York municipal water is objectively speaking
               | among the purest (if not _the_ purest) in the country.
        
               | muglug wrote:
               | NYC tap water has spoiled all other tap water for me
        
               | dcrazy wrote:
               | San Francisco tap water is almost as good. It was better
               | before they started mixing reclaimed water into it,
               | though I've either gotten used to the new taste or
               | they've fixed the treatment process.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | Vancouver winter water (summer water tastes more off)
               | >>>>>> NYC tap water and I will die on this hill
        
               | nobodyandproud wrote:
               | I question this as a bad take or a data-point of one,
               | because NYC water is the best of Upstate water.
               | 
               | I've travelled and lived across the country during my
               | high school and college years; and I've travelled my
               | extensively within Upstate very (Adirondacks, Catskills,
               | and Finger Lakes) and the taste of local water is the
               | first thing I notice.
               | 
               | Bad building pipes aside, I have not tasted any water
               | that exceeds NYC's tap water in taste.
               | 
               | I'm not the only person who's expressed this, and guests
               | from other regions have also admitted the same
               | consistently over the years.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | When travelling where? The blanket statement here just
               | doesn't work. Every major area has very different water
               | in the tap. A lot of the bottled water is just tap water
               | from another region.
        
               | roland35 wrote:
               | This is one benefit of growing up with awful well water.
               | Literally anywhere tastes pretty darn good by comparison!
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Probably because the overwhelming majority of countries
               | chlorinates their water to various degrees because they
               | don't have the exceptional plumbing quality needed to
               | otherwise guarantee potability.
               | 
               | Countries where the tap water is drinkable without
               | chlorination have quality that exceeds bottled water, and
               | it might even be sourced from the same aquifers.
        
               | loopdoend wrote:
               | The best tap water on earth is in Iceland. Volcanic
               | filtered and so clean tasting... one of the joys of being
               | in the country.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | Once you get over the sulfur smell anyway... (or was that
               | only the northern thing?)
        
             | freehorse wrote:
             | Maybe instead of removing fluoride from the water they
             | should add sweetener in there along with it /s
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | Wisconsin tap water tastes fine. Waco, Texas tap water is
             | really nasty.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | It can vary much more closely than that. I moved from one
               | town to another 12 miles away, and the tap water in the
               | new town tasted horrible compared to my old town's tap.
        
             | thayne wrote:
             | I bet those people drink fountain drinks, cofee, tea, etc.
             | made from tapwater.
        
           | floriannn wrote:
           | > many people do not brush their teeth
           | 
           | many? (!!!)
           | 
           | Googling it all I found was one dentist website that said 2%,
           | but didn't seem that reliable
        
             | dullcrisp wrote:
             | 2% is definitely many
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | If that figure is for the US, then that's ~7M people. Feels
             | like "many" to me.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure that no amount of fluoridated water is going
           | to save you if you do not brush your teeth.
           | 
           | Even if the fluoride somehow manages to overcome all that and
           | prevent you from getting cavities, the gum disease will
           | eventually cause all your teeth to fall out.
        
         | mountainriver wrote:
         | Agree, my biggest issue is often where they source the fluoride
         | and whether they test it. We found out in my (liberal) hometown
         | that they were actually sourcing some derivative which has no
         | human studies.
         | 
         | Given that everyone gets enough in toothpaste I just don't see
         | the reason to keep doing it, too much can go wrong. It's kind
         | of a strange mass medication that I'm not sure the government
         | needs to be involved in.
        
           | someperson wrote:
           | What was the derivative?
        
         | thayne wrote:
         | > Everyone else can get enough fluoride from modern
         | toothpastes, or regular dentist treatments.
         | 
         | The advantage of putting it in water is that it ensures _all_
         | children get it, not just the children whose parents can and do
         | make sure they brush their teeth and go to the dentist.
        
         | jaredklewis wrote:
         | I think that link is only there when the fluoride levels are
         | extremely high. See https://parentdata.org/fluoride-drinking-
         | water/ for a good overview of the data
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | Whether this is true or not, it's absolutely not why they
         | banned it.
         | 
         | They banned it as part of the culture war. That's 100% of the
         | reason. "The libs" want it, so it must be banned.
        
         | robbiep wrote:
         | The levels of fluoridation in order to cause difference in IQ
         | as I understand it, from the Chinese studies, suggest that
         | basically the effect if true occurs at around 2x+ the
         | concentration found in supplemented water supplies.
         | 
         | My understanding also is that if you're a dentist wanting to
         | get rich, move somewhere that has unfluoridated water.
        
           | bigmadshoe wrote:
           | 2x is honestly pretty small. I would expect the amount
           | required to drop IQ to be larger by an order of magnitude or
           | more to conclude that fluoridating water is totally safe.
        
           | cortic wrote:
           | So if your training and double your water intake your
           | basically lowering you IQ? (according to the Chinese studies)
           | I wonder the method this uses.. has anyone looked at dementia
           | rates in high fluoride areas.. Particularly in people with
           | high water intake?
           | 
           | There is also a host of things we use water for from cooking
           | to preserving, distilling and cooling.. i wonder if any of
           | these things could concentrate the fluoride.
           | 
           | Also since fluoride has a lower boiling point any studies
           | tracked what breathing in fluoride gas over long periods
           | cause?
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | 2x is basically no safe margin for something like water. Of
           | course you can question the quality of the study, but if it's
           | actually 2x, fluoride in tap water should be treated like
           | lead pipes.
        
         | windexh8er wrote:
         | > The idea is to remove fluoride from water and advise pregnant
         | women to use fluoride-free toothpaste.
         | 
         | What most people don't understand here are the levels of
         | fluoride being ingested. You can very easily remove all
         | fluoride from your water with a relatively cheap RO system. But
         | the recommendation to use "fluoride-free toothpaste" is just
         | plain misinformation.
         | 
         | The reason is that you don't eat toothpaste. And even when
         | adults ingest small amounts of toothpaste, again, the amount of
         | fluoride is basically beyond negligible. Fluoride can both be
         | applied to teeth as a varnish and/or consumed in drinking
         | water. Using a flouride-free toothpaste can oftentimes do more
         | damage than good because of SLS in those alternatives and
         | because those alternatives often have abrasives that do far
         | more harm than good. It's amazing people will recommend a
         | product that may likely be worse because they have no domain
         | expertise. So, yes, people should talk to their Dentist about
         | these things and ask questions of them vs the Internet.
         | 
         | Really the downside to removing fluoride from city water is
         | that low income families will be worse off with respect to
         | dental related issues compared to more well off families that
         | spend time instilling dental hygiene and preventative care for
         | their kids. As you mentioned most people who have decent oral
         | hygiene get enough flouride.
         | 
         | Where we live we have well water. Fluoride in the water isn't a
         | concern, and if it was in our drinking water it generally
         | wouldn't be consumed because of the water filtration anyway.
         | 
         | Source: spouse is a DDS.
        
           | navigate8310 wrote:
           | My anecdotal experience says that using fluride-free biomine
           | toothpaste makes my tooth highly sensitive than using a good
           | ol' Colgate. Now, I use it only twice or thrice per month
           | randomly.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | > I initially dismissed it as the same category of stupid as
         | anti-vax beliefs
         | 
         | Dismissing things out of hand like this is a category of stupid
         | in itself.
         | 
         | Look at the current research, listen to people who devoted
         | their careers to studying this, make up your own mind. If
         | you're on HN, then you're qualified enough to at least figure
         | out who the genuine experts are and read what they recommend.
         | 
         | Putting any science-based debate into a "category" to dismiss
         | is turning yourself into one of the stupid people.
        
       | habosa wrote:
       | I'm disappointed in the news media fails to mention the cascading
       | effects of dental health. Yes, the primary and direct benefit of
       | fluoride is to have a healthier mouth.
       | 
       | But having a healthy mouth is far from the end goal, imo. If your
       | mouth is full of cavities you're more likely to build up bacteria
       | that cause downstream effects as serious as heart disease. Also
       | if your mouth is routinely uncomfortable you may gravitate
       | towards soft processed foods and away from healthy whole foods
       | like fresh fruits and vegetables.
       | 
       | I know water is not the only way to get fluoride into people. But
       | these politicians who are trying to take it out of the water are
       | just saying basically "it's fine, let's do nothing". They're not
       | going to fluoridate the salt. They're not going to run public
       | health campaigns stressing the importance of regular brushing.
       | They're just willing to let people's teeth rot to score points.
       | 
       | It's disgusting, and no matter how you feel about the water you
       | should be able to see that these people are not on your side.
       | 
       | https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in...
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | So you're saying that dental health is essential for the rest
         | of the body? Yet, Canada doesn't include it in its famous
         | 'universal free healthcare'...
         | 
         | I'd actually just like to see more money put into public dental
         | assistance. And education.
        
           | davorak wrote:
           | > I'd actually just like to see more money put into public
           | dental assistance. And education.
           | 
           | I would want to see that in anti fluoride campaigns and laws
           | as well, but have not see that happen in the laws and
           | campaigns I have followed. Or in the HN comments I have
           | responded to on the subject, most focus on banning and
           | provide no follow, or no structured follow up like - free
           | toothpaste, required educations, and follow up studies,
           | reassess in X years.
        
           | loopdoend wrote:
           | The Canadian Dental Care Plan (CDCP) was introduced to
           | provide dental services to uninsured Canadians meeting
           | specific criteria. Its rollout began in December 2023,
           | starting with individuals aged 87 and above, and is set to
           | expand to all eligible adults earning less than $90,000
           | annually by May 1, 2025.
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | > They're not going to run public health campaigns stressing
         | the importance of regular brushing. They're just willing to let
         | people's teeth rot to score points.
         | 
         | Do you really think there are sizable native born populations
         | that are not aware of tooth brushing?
         | 
         | There's plenty of people that don't bother with it, but I don't
         | see a PR campaign being particularly effective at changing
         | that.
        
           | jmye wrote:
           | I think there are lots of kids who don't know how bad their
           | teeth can get and how that can impact their life in the
           | future (and I mean kids like teens, not like four year olds).
           | 
           | I think there are lots of adults who don't realize that poor
           | dental health can cause heart failure and worsen basically
           | every chronic condition.
           | 
           | I think there are lots of goobers who don't realize that
           | there's no reason that United and Elevance and the rest
           | couldn't be forced to cover dental care via regulation.
           | 
           | I get your point, but big picture there are a _lot_ of
           | impactful education campaigns that should be possible.
        
         | jdminhbg wrote:
         | > If your mouth is full of cavities you're more likely to build
         | up bacteria that cause downstream effects as serious as heart
         | disease.
         | 
         | I don't know that you have the causality here correct.
        
         | fasthands9 wrote:
         | If I went to the store to grab a bottle of water, and they were
         | selling fluoridated water and fluoridated water, I would choose
         | the non-fluoridated water.
         | 
         | I drink tap water now with fluoride so its not like I care
         | strongly, but its a bit weird that many people buy only non-
         | fluoridated water themselves and are confused when other people
         | show a preference for non-fluoridated water in their own taps.
        
       | freehorse wrote:
       | This is one of these US-specific polarised debates I find really
       | bizarre, around some kind of issue that the rest of the world has
       | by large solved but without any acknowledgement of this fact.
       | Maybe the US should look into how other countries have solved it?
       | It is completely bizarre witnessing both sides getting so
       | polarised around a basically non-issue.
        
         | roland35 wrote:
         | There are a few studies out which say fluoride is bad. But as
         | is often the case with these health idiots, the studies
         | actually refer to places where fluoride is naturally way too
         | high in the water. The entire debate is dumb.
        
           | nostrebored wrote:
           | This was my perspective for awhile -- recommend you look into
           | more recent studies if you haven't in the past 2y or so. I
           | don't think it's the worst thing in our water but do think
           | it's objectively a bad idea.
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | It's far more than a few, and the level does not need to be
           | that high:
           | 
           | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/.
           | ..
        
         | plaqueattack wrote:
         | These people have been around forever but the pivotal point in
         | my opinion is when the Lancet retracted the article on the link
         | between MMR and autism.
         | 
         | Suddenly everything was up for debate.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | There is not real debate, just some people who don't understand
         | how chemistry works.
        
           | Jimmc414 wrote:
           | I'd really like to hear your take
        
             | wokwokwok wrote:
             | Talk to your dentist.
             | 
             | They are experts in this field, and, unlike "random person
             | on the internet who spent 2 minutes on google", have
             | informed opinions on this topic.
             | 
             | If you want a serious discussion on why fluoride is good or
             | bad, that's where you need to go.
             | 
             | Random person on the internet is very easy to disagree
             | with, because we're all idiots right? It's a very easy lazy
             | way of self confirmation.
             | 
             | ...but if you are serious about critically considering the
             | issue and facing your own biases, talk to an actual topic
             | expert.
             | 
             | My dentist told me he had carefully reviewed the literature
             | and determined to his satisfaction that public fluoridated
             | water was in the best interests of public health,
             | currently. He offered to share some reading that he was
             | convinced by.
             | 
             | You can't really ask for more that that.
             | 
             | Discussing this here is a bit like protesting by posting on
             | social media; yes, I suppose it's better than doing nothing
             | and not engaging with the topic _at all_ ... but only
             | _barely_ , and not in any meaningful way.
        
               | like_any_other wrote:
               | Are teeth the only thing affected by water fluoridation?
               | 
               | Why do almost no other countries fluoridate drinking
               | water?
               | 
               | Even if it does turn out to be unambiguously good, people
               | have a basic right to make their own medical decisions.
               | 
               |  _Recent systematic reviews suggest an association
               | between higher fluoride exposure and lower IQ in
               | children._ -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation
        
               | wokwokwok wrote:
               | If you're not prepared to listen to an expert, _and that
               | 's what your dentist is on this topic_, then nothing I,
               | or anyone else can say, makes any difference to you.
               | 
               | At some point, you have to accept that your random
               | wikipedia page and 5 minutes on google is not a
               | convincing argument.
               | 
               | This is right up there in the conspiracy theory
               | territory.
               | 
               | Rational discussion means _listening to experts_ and
               | _admitting that you are not an expert_.
               | 
               | What do you want me to say?
               | 
               | You aren't a qualified expert on this topic. If you want
               | an expert opinion, talk to an expert, not some dubious
               | fucking provenance wikipedia page.
        
               | like_any_other wrote:
               | > If you're not prepared to listen to an expert
               | 
               | Who do you think conducted those peer-reviewed systematic
               | reviews? I'm sorry if I don't take the word of some
               | random guy's dentist over multiple meta analyses in major
               | medical journals.
               | 
               | And I don't need an expert to tell me people should have
               | the right to make their own medical decisions.
               | 
               | And finally, I live in a country where public health
               | experts have decided against water fluoridation. This is
               | represents the vast majority of countries. What now?
               | Should I pick some other experts to listen to?
        
               | wokwokwok wrote:
               | You are not an expert in this field, and cherry-picking
               | random articles in random journals does not make you an
               | expert.
               | 
               | > Should I pick some other experts to listen to?
               | 
               | I think it's reasonably clear that you haven't spoken to
               | an expert in this field.
               | 
               | > I'm sorry if I don't take the word of some random guy's
               | dentist over multiple meta analyses in major medical
               | journals.
               | 
               | Are you certain you're competent to review and understand
               | the literature on the topic? It takes a lot of time and
               | effort; that's what dentists do as a job. That's why they
               | have to go to school. That's why random people on the
               | internet do not do dentistry.
               | 
               | If you don't trust _my_ dentist, then talk to _your_
               | dentist.
               | 
               | This is literally my point: I'm not telling you how it
               | is; I'm telling you, _talk to someone who knows what they
               | 're talking about_; and, don't believe that you are an
               | expert because you put some trivial amount of effort into
               | investigating it yourself.
               | 
               | You can't be an expert at everything. No one can.
               | 
               | As some point, you have to trust other people.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I'm also not convinced that a dentist is credibly an
               | expert here. Sure, I would absolutely expect my dentist
               | to understand what benefits fluoridated water might
               | provide to my teeth. I would not, for example, expect my
               | dentist to be an expert in whether or not fluoridated
               | water could cause damage to other parts of my body.
               | 
               | My previous dentist pushed these $80 (not covered by
               | insurance) fluoride treatments on every cleaning visit.
               | There's no research that shows much of anything about
               | their effectiveness (good or bad). Yet they push them
               | anyway, because it (their words) might help and probably
               | won't harm. That doesn't give me a good feeling about
               | their competence to have an expert opinion on this sort
               | of thing.
               | 
               | I _would_ , however, trust the opinion of someone who is
               | doing medical/dental research, and holds a doctorate in a
               | relevant field.
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | _Who do you think conducted those peer-reviewed
               | systematic reviews? I 'm sorry if I don't take the word
               | of some random guy's dentist over multiple meta analyses
               | in major medical journals._
               | 
               | I don't understand what you mean here. Are you just
               | wholly rejecting the concept of expert knowledge, trials,
               | meta analyses, basically the foundations of science, just
               | because _in order to participate in it you have to have
               | tainted yourself by rigorously studying it_?
        
               | like_any_other wrote:
               | > Are you just wholly rejecting the concept of expert
               | knowledge
               | 
               | I am _embracing_ expert knowledge in trusting meta-
               | analyses and the decisions of EU health experts.
        
               | nostrebored wrote:
               | Your dentist is not an expert in this -- that's like
               | saying the guy implementing your frontend is an expert in
               | design. Yes, they're working in the space, but their job
               | isn't understanding the whole system.
               | 
               | If you're this deep on the appeal to authority train, the
               | NIH released a report in the last year linking fluoride
               | exposure to moderate drops in IQ with moderate
               | confidence.
               | 
               | It's probably not the worst thing in the world, but is
               | definitely not inert.
        
               | noodletheworld wrote:
               | Dentists have to spend 8 years at school right? ...and do
               | various annual training to stay licensed?
               | 
               | I'd say that's a reasonable sign of someone qualified to
               | have an opinion.
               | 
               | I think you're getting confused with a dental technician.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | You don't seem to understand the difference between
               | public and private health.
               | 
               | Your dentist is well qualified to have an opinion on the
               | effects of fluoride on your teeth.
               | 
               | They are poorly qualified to have an opinion on whether
               | it should be added to the water supply at source.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | I would be really surprised if dentists had much
               | expertise on the impact of fluorine on physiology or the
               | mechanisms of action for its toxicity. They know what it
               | does to your teeth, and maybe that it is known to have
               | positive effects for cardiovascular health, but that is
               | about the extent of it. The systematic effects on the
               | rest of your body are outside their domain.
               | 
               | Chemists who work in fluorine chemistry on the other hand
               | have to become experts on the biological effects of
               | fluorine exposure. Small and seemingly innocuous
               | exposures can do a lot of damage and kill you, though not
               | in a way that lends any support to the idea that
               | municipal fluoridation will harm you. If you do
               | understand how it kills you (basically by being
               | exceptionally narrowly focused on making free calcium
               | ions and to a lesser extent magnesium ions biologically
               | unavailable), it is hard to describe a chemically
               | plausible scenario that somehow avoids this basic fact of
               | chemistry. Fluoride behaves the same way outside the
               | body.
               | 
               | Municipal water exposure is far below the noise floor for
               | fluoride. Food has far higher levels of fluoride than
               | municipal water and the body has ample excess calcium and
               | magnesium to absorb the loss of bioavailability of a
               | microscopic amount of those minerals. Humans consume
               | calcium measured in grams per day, multiple orders of
               | magnitude more than can be lost via municipal
               | fluoridation. Natural dietary variation will have a far
               | larger effect.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | I am competent on this particular subject matter, I have
               | worked in fluorine chemistry and am familiar with the
               | biology and medical literature of fluorine toxicity. The
               | report made much weaker claims than people seem to think.
               | 
               | There is a very serious mechanism of action problem.
               | Fluorine poisoning is a thing that happens. The observed
               | effects and empirical evidence, as well as the mechanisms
               | of action that cause them, are incompatible with any
               | mechanism of action that supports the hypothesis that it
               | causes brain damage. Basically, it would invalidate the
               | entire history of actual fluoride exposure.
               | 
               | The other serious problem is that people are exposed to
               | far more fluorine through what they eat than through
               | water. What is special about trace levels in municipal
               | water? And many parts of the world have far higher
               | natural fluoride levels in their water than any municipal
               | water supply with no evidence of adverse consequences.
               | This has been studied many times in many countries! In
               | fact, the only consistent correlation with naturally high
               | fluoride levels is better cardiovascular health (for
               | which there is a known mechanism of action).
               | 
               | This notion that trace levels of fluoride in some
               | municipal water is adversely impacting IQ based on thin
               | evidence from the developing world is just the public
               | health version of "faster than light neutrinos". Someone
               | thinks they measured it but it contradicts everything we
               | know about the subject. The rational approach isn't to
               | discard everything we know without a hell of a lot more
               | evidence.
               | 
               | I don't think adding fluoride to municipal water does
               | much these days but it also isn't harming anyone.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | It also seems to mirror the rhyme with the vaccine
               | "debate."
               | 
               | That debate is framed around being vaccinated vs the
               | scare of "vaccine caused autism" (or myocarditis), but
               | that frame is missing the risk of things like measles.
               | 
               | Likewise tooth decay is not only expensive, but it can
               | have dreadful health consequences if left unaddressed.
               | Missing teeth is also socially costly. Being poor or
               | "ugly" or poor looking is a serious adverse health
               | consequence. Imagine parents barely making ends meet or
               | working multiple jobs. It's easy to imagine disadvantaged
               | kids missing out on dental care.
               | 
               | I also explicitly remember reading multiple reports of
               | poor tooth health correlating with dementia development.
               | I've also read that serious infections of any sort can
               | harm IQ.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Sure, but we need to look at this from the other side,
               | too. Does fluoridating water provide benefits? I think
               | it's safe to say it did way back when we _started_ doing
               | it. But we didn 't have fluoride toothpaste back then.
               | Putting fluoride in the water is presumably more costly
               | than not doing it. If it's actually providing benefits,
               | and the risk of harm is below some very low threshold,
               | then sure, let's keep doing it. But is it actually
               | providing benefits?
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | Dentists are experts on neurology now? I don't think the
               | debate here has anything to do with the effects of
               | fluoride on teeth.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | That study is taken grossly out of context. It doesn't
               | claim what people claim it does and even the study states
               | that the quality of the data on which the weaker claim
               | was made is suspect.
               | 
               | The bigger issue is that we have vast amounts of
               | scientific data and empirical evidence around fluoride
               | toxicity. People are injured and die due to fluorine
               | exposure, we understand how it interacts with biology.
               | Any mechanism of action that can support the hypothesis
               | that fluorine causes brain damage necessarily invalidates
               | all of this evidence and is difficult to explain as a
               | matter of basic chemistry.
               | 
               | And then we have to explain why fluoride in water has
               | this effect but the much higher levels of fluoride in
               | food does not.
               | 
               | Fluoridating municipal water may not offer much benefit
               | but there is no credible science that it is actually
               | harmful. Large regions of the world have water that
               | naturally has far higher fluorine content than municipal
               | water and there is no evidence of IQ reduction in these
               | regions either.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | > Talk to your dentist
               | 
               | The vast majority of dentists are not public health
               | experts, and will have little to offer other than
               | "exposing your teeth to fluoride regularly is good".
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Right exactly. And I do that, twice a day, when I brush
               | my teeth with fluoride toothpaste.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | > Talk to your dentist. They are experts in this field
               | 
               | No they are not. The are experts are filling cavities and
               | treatment. They have no additional knowledge of fluoride
               | in water vs any other interested person.
               | 
               | For that you need to talk to someone in research, which
               | is not someone seeing patients.
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | What do you mean? Florine creates a substance in human
             | teeth that is much more resistant to decay than calcium.
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | fluoridated water drastically reduces dental cavities and
             | has no evidence of being dangerous.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | What they're referring to is the fact that very few countries
           | in the rest of the world even _consider_ the possibility of
           | adding fluoride to the water supply. It 's basically just the
           | US, Australia, and to a much lesser extent Canada.
           | 
           | It's not a debate everywhere else because adding fluoride to
           | the water is objectively an unusual thing to do that they
           | just... don't. Presumably they get fluoride other ways.
        
             | hayst4ck wrote:
             | How many countries actually drink their tap water as their
             | main source of water?
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Pretty much the entire Europe, for starters.
        
             | lostmsu wrote:
             | AFAIK all (former) USSR does that.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | How has the debate been solved by the rest of the world? My
         | understanding is that many countries in Europe don't fluoridate
         | the water supply.
         | 
         | I'm skeptical of results showing IQ loss but I also think
         | fluoridation should be phased out as fluoride toothpaste and
         | mouthwash are now widely available. Banning it seems like the
         | wrong move to me...states should simply decide to continue
         | adding it or not.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > Banning it seems like the wrong move to me...states should
           | simply decide to continue adding it or not.
           | 
           | Isn't that exactly what's happening here? A state deciding to
           | not continue adding it?
        
             | foenix wrote:
             | Nope, the bill as written prevents local municipalities
             | from making that decision.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | Right. The state made the decision to stop it from being
               | added, which is what OP proposed.
               | 
               | Did OP mean that _municipalities_ should simply decide to
               | keep adding or not? If so, how do we decide (from our
               | various armchairs in most cases far away from Utah) what
               | the appropriate level of government for making this call
               | is?
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | The state's Department of Health can issue a guidance
               | explaining the states' experts' analysis of the available
               | data and tradeoffs of the decision, and let the
               | municipalities sort it out.
               | 
               | I think the bigger complication though is going to be -
               | depending on the state - how water districts are
               | apportioned. I think even many counties (let alone
               | municipalities) will share water infrastructure so it's
               | not really clear who has the jurisdiction to make that
               | decision other than the state.
        
               | briandear wrote:
               | It also makes it easier for the consumer: don't want
               | fluoride, move to Utah. Rather than having to figure out
               | what random water district is doing what.
        
           | freehorse wrote:
           | > How has the debate been solved by the rest of the world?
           | 
           | By having official country-level guidelines by the health
           | ministries or similar for people to brush their teeth with
           | toothpaste containing fluoride, and specific guidelines
           | around it for kids, as trivial as it may sound. Along with
           | experts' reviews providing more details on these decisions,
           | and explaining tradeoffs properly.
           | 
           | Fluoride containing toothpaste is the main recommendation,
           | even in places that fluoridate the water (which are the
           | minority). There is not much to add to this apart from
           | refining these guidelines. Eg in the EU where some countries
           | fluoridate water, most don't, there is no huge debate about
           | it overall. Most eu countries that fluoridated the water
           | stopped doing it some point mostly because it was no longer
           | needed in preventing cavities, and prob largely due to
           | logistics/costs than possible risks.
           | 
           | Your second paragraph reflects my personal views on it, too.
           | The "banning" is weird, esp since, according to the article,
           | it comes from people that seem to advocate against use of
           | fluoride in general in toothpastes etc. The discussion should
           | be around best policies to prevent cavities etc, but it does
           | not seem to be around that. I see nothing wrong with local
           | communities deciding if they want to put fluoride or not in
           | their water, based on their own opinions but also general
           | situation. Maybe in some much poorer areas fluoridation of
           | water could be beneficial until some other measures take
           | place, for example.
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | > Maybe the US should look into how other countries have solved
         | it?
         | 
         | How have other countries solved it?
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | By _not_ adding fluoride into the tap water and let people
           | choose whether to buy toothpaste with fluoride themselves.
           | a.k.a. the European way.
           | 
           | Adding fluoride into tap water always sounds borderline
           | insane to me. The only benefit is to protect your teeth,
           | which, to me, strongly suggests that the correct approach is
           | to put it into toothpaste or other oral hygiene products
           | instead of water.
        
         | ews wrote:
         | The US rarely looks into how other countries solve problems.
         | (i.e. Universal Healthcare, High Speed Trains and so), this is
         | the sad part of "American Exceptionalism"
        
           | nozzlegear wrote:
           | A less cynical framing is that the US is a much different
           | culture from European countries, and is massively larger in
           | scale. Depending on the problem, some of their solutions
           | simply can't or don't apply.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | This is exactly the framing. "What worked there can't work
             | here", whether it's firearm control, socialized medicine or
             | education, whatever.
             | 
             | We're either bigger, or denser, or less dense, or ...
             | essentially whatever suits the argument.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | The other weird thing in US discourse about other
               | countries is that when it does enter the conversation,
               | the "rest of the world", or at least other developed
               | countries, are often treated as some kind of monolithic
               | entity culturally and politically. For example, a lot of
               | people on both left and right in US believe that the rest
               | of the world is single payer, and generally that "single
               | payer" is synonymous to "public healthcare". Similarly
               | with gun control, there's no recognition of the fact that
               | there are countries in Europe where you can own an AR-15
               | just fine, and countries (different ones!) where
               | silencers are over the counter items not requiring any
               | special registration.
        
               | neither_color wrote:
               | Most Americans would be shocked to know that in Thailand
               | there are signs at the airport advising you on the
               | correct firearms procedures
               | 
               | https://www.airportthai.co.th/en/aot-reiterates-the-
               | guidelin...
               | 
               | edit: But I will say it works both ways. Most countries
               | do not know what it takes to keep hundreds of millions of
               | people of various backgrounds together under a common way
               | of life with a certain risk vs entitlement balance.
               | Americans as a whole are more risk tolerant AND accepting
               | of failure and reinventing yourself. In most cultures
               | it's a great shame to quit your job with benefits, start
               | a business and not succeed. In the states it's not
               | shameful. You tried? Awesome.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Yes, that's my point. We are literally different people
               | with different cultures, values and problems. Case in
               | point: the firearm control you mentioned. I won't get in
               | a gun control debate here, I have my own complicated
               | views on the matter, but it's an undisputed fact that
               | Americans have a right to own guns (maybe with
               | limitations, maybe not) and many Americans deeply cherish
               | that right. There is no gun control solution we can take
               | from Europe that you could apply to the US, it's simply
               | not compatible with our culture, not to mention our own
               | Bill of Rights. It's not a bad thing to recognize that.
        
             | yboris wrote:
             | I got a Master's Degree in Education and spent 2 years in
             | Educational Psychology Ph.D. program and absolutely 0 time
             | was spent looking at how other countries do education.
             | 
             | It's baffling how despite numerous other countries
             | outperforming the US in educational outcomes we do not even
             | look at other approaches!
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | cause we are the best and when you are the best you
               | simply do not look back :)
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | Best enough to even sing about it :)
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Is national pride a problem now? I'd expect any country
               | to have something like a national anthem and patriotic
               | songs.
        
               | theendisney wrote:
               | Yes, in the Netherlands we have a culture of moaning
               | about everthing. Youd beter not dare suggest sonething is
               | good enough! This complaining is the only thing we are
               | proud of. lol
               | 
               | (If we had patriotic songs worth remembering im sure i
               | would have)
               | 
               | The problem is this, hoe do you fix something you are
               | proud of? It seems a contradiction?
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Agreed, I lives in the Netherlands for a couple years and
               | can agree there isn't much patriotism so much as
               | pragmatism! (I actually mean that as a good thing, I was
               | a very fond of NL and the friends I made there).
               | 
               | Speaking as an American, though, I can both be proud of
               | something and recognize its faults. I'm proud of the core
               | principles that America was based upon, for example, but
               | very much recognize how far we've deviated from them and
               | how much we need to fix.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | > I'm proud of the core principles that America was based
               | upon
               | 
               | I think there's never much to gain in being proud of
               | things you have nothing to do with or control over. If
               | you like some principles you would be proud when you
               | uphold them personally. It is when we start feeling proud
               | in the abstract that we start having issues.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Can't help but agree. I would go even further and say
               | that pride itself is problematic. Sure, it can perhaps
               | have some good effects, but pride usually blinds people
               | to faults, even if the do acknowledge there _are_ faults.
               | 
               | "Pride goeth before a fall" is a time-worn saying for
               | good reason.
        
               | input_sh wrote:
               | Sure, but kids don't sing them in schools and there's
               | definitely nothing even remotely comparable to the Pledge
               | of Allegiance.
               | 
               | Hell, in some countries even the national anthem has no
               | lyrics but is purely an instrumental track (Spain being a
               | notable example).
        
               | cj wrote:
               | > there's definitely nothing even remotely comparable
               | 
               | Mexico's Pledge of Allegiance celebrated every Monday in
               | schools.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance_to_the
               | _Me...
        
               | input_sh wrote:
               | My parents had to do something similar, so I'm not too
               | unfamiliar with the concept: https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
               | i/Union_of_Pioneers_of_Yugoslavi...
               | 
               | But even that was once-in-a-lifetime event to emphasise
               | the importance of the first day at school at age 7, it
               | did not happen every Monday.
               | 
               | Needless to say, it wasn't very effective. As evidenced
               | by history, some of our parents definitely broke that
               | pledge later in their life.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | I'm not a big fan of patriotism in general, but something
               | I noticed about the US patriotism is the tendency to call
               | the US "the best country in the world". This crosses all
               | political differences, e.g. I recall being surprised how
               | Michael Moore was saying it in an interview or movie
               | (when justifying criticising policy, he said he does it
               | because he knows that America is the best country in the
               | world). Even the most patriotic friends I have in other
               | countries would typically not say this.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Yeah, as an American I've always found this cringe-
               | worthy, even kinda icky.
               | 
               | Claiming to be the best (at anything) is just tacky and
               | arrogant. Especially with something as impossible to
               | quantify as "best country". There's no such thing as the
               | best country in the world. Every one has strengths and
               | weaknesses, and you can't really balance and rank them.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | The only thing America is best in the world is number of
               | incarcerated people per capita :)
        
               | euroclear wrote:
               | Is there a source for this claim? It appears to be
               | untrue.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_in
               | carcera...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/262962/countries-
               | with-th...
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | Nationalism is by far the most successful leftist
               | project.
               | 
               | It's kind of amazing that the left has forgotten that
               | fact.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | What does leftist mean in this context? Sure you could
               | say the "nationalist" movements against monarchies and
               | for more democratic processes were progressive at the
               | time, i.e. they wanted to change the status quo. Calling
               | them leftist in the modern sense (again with a huge
               | caveat about what leftist even mean), doesn't make much
               | sense IMO. Also it's important not to forget that the
               | internationalist movements (which I'd argue fit modern
               | definitions of "left" much more closely) developed quite
               | quickly (in historical timeframes) after, e.g. it was
               | only 50 odd years between the Warburg festival in Germany
               | (generally considered the birth of German nationalism)
               | and the Paris commune.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | most countries anthems celebrate how they are the best,
               | if that's what you're referring to.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | I doubt it. In my experience, most national anthems
               | highlight their nations struggle for independence.
               | 
               | Poland,
               | 
               | https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/national-
               | anthem/...
               | 
               | Netherlands,
               | 
               | https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-
               | genres/nati...
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | I guess "the best" is doing a lot of work there, for
               | example the most sung anthem for Denmark "Der er et
               | yndigt land" - there is a lovely land does not explicitly
               | say that Denmark is the best ever, there may indeed be
               | other lovely lands, and in comparison with say America
               | the Beautiful it is downright humble, but on the other
               | hand it is my experience that anthems talk up their
               | country, and if they are talking up their struggle for
               | independence or freedom, like say Il Canto degli
               | Italiani, it will be talking up the martial valor of the
               | people so freed and probably talking about how they
               | aren't going to be put down again, another aspect that
               | America the Beautiful goes into.
               | 
               | The difference between America the Beautiful and other
               | anthems is how much it does, for how long, and making
               | sure it gets everything it can possibly cram in there.
               | It's like a bunch of people standing on a stand at a
               | sporting match shouting "America, America, America"
               | unremittingly, whereas most people might be satisfied to
               | shout "Go {my country}" and be done with it.
        
               | sejje wrote:
               | America the Beautiful is not the national anthem.
        
               | yxhuvud wrote:
               | The anthem of my country claim us to be free, silent and
               | green.
               | 
               | And oh, that people used to talk about us and that
               | despite they don't anymore we are still a pretty nice
               | place to live.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | Maybe it's better not to look...
               | 
               | https://www.tiktok.com/@guinnessworldrecords/video/747057
               | 742...
               | 
               | ha-ha f....
        
             | hayst4ck wrote:
             | You're not wrong in that our culture is different, but that
             | cultural difference is chiefly a self fulfilling prophecy
             | of "the government can't do it," promoted by billionaire
             | owned media, so that those same billionaires can run for-
             | profit industries like healthcare and transportation.
             | 
             | The cultural difference is that our rich people are too
             | rich, our media is too centralized, and none of those in
             | power want to enrich and empower the country, when they
             | could enrich and empower themselves.
        
             | freehorse wrote:
             | Which part here exactly cannot work in the US? I am talking
             | about brushing one's teeth with toothpaste containing
             | fluoride, which sounds as plain simple as possible to me.
             | Is it regular brushing teeth that fails in the US for
             | cultural reasons? Fluoride in the toothpaste? Supervising
             | kids while brushing their teeth to make sure they do not
             | swallow? It is an honest question.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | AFAICT most US toothpaste has flouride in it already.
               | 
               | (For now, at least? How long until that gets cracked down
               | on as dangerous?)
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | You can get fluoride free toothpaste, mainly for
               | babies/young toddlers.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | In a word: poverty. People do not have free dental care,
               | and poor people aren't guaranteed to have a toothbrush,
               | toothpaste or sometimes even a sink to brush their teeth
               | in. Fluoridated water is one of the few dental
               | protections available to everyone regardless of their
               | income. It's cheap, minimal and cost-effective cavity
               | protection at scale for the entire country.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | > poor people aren't guaranteed to have a toothbrush,
               | toothpaste
               | 
               | There is no person in the world who cannot have a
               | toothbrush and toothpaste if they want to. And if you
               | find one such person, they won't have access to any
               | centrally treated water.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > and poor people aren't guaranteed to have a toothbrush,
               | toothpaste
               | 
               | Considering that the number of such people is very low it
               | would be very cheap to solve this issue.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Your less cynical explanation boils down to people being
               | too poor to afford tooth paste (really?). So why are they
               | poor?
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Assuming the "less cynical explanation" you're referring
               | to was my original response talking about the cultural
               | and scale differences between America and most countries,
               | that was not in reference to fluoride or dental care. I
               | was specifically referring to the OP's assertion that
               | "American exceptionalism" is the reason that America
               | doesn't just copy things like universal healthcare and
               | gun control policies from other countries.
               | 
               | > really?
               | 
               | Yes, really.
               | 
               | > So why are they poor?
               | 
               | Why is anything the way that it is?
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | > Assuming the "less cynical explanation" you're
               | referring to
               | 
               | It was referring to the comment where you said "less
               | cynical".
               | 
               | > Why is anything the way that it is?
               | 
               | America big? America different?
               | 
               | It's more challenging to find non-cynical reasons for
               | people being poor and suffering.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you're getting at here, I think we may
               | have lost the plot. Are you simply implying that you find
               | the cynical answer more appealing and believable than the
               | non-cynical answer? In my opinion, the internet and
               | today's modern zeitgeist has instilled a sense in
               | everyone that if it's cynical, or dark, or depressing, it
               | must be the correct answer. That's usually the laziest
               | and easiest answer too.
        
             | rafabulsing wrote:
             | The scale argument is thrown around a lot as a
             | justification for why the US couldn't possibly implement
             | universal healthcare. The elephant in the room that I'm
             | always surprises at how rarely it's mentioned in these
             | discussions is Brazil, which is a huge country of
             | comparable size (both territory and population wise), and
             | it manages to make UHC work even though it's also a much
             | poorer country.
             | 
             | It's not perfect by any means, but it's definitely much
             | better than nothing. So the US should absolutely be able to
             | at the very least match that, but really most likely it
             | should be able to do much better. That it doesn't is very
             | much a choice.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Did Brazil start with a Byzantine kluge of private and
               | public providers and intermediaries? Genuine question,
               | not snark.
               | 
               | I think the US would prefer a UHC if we were starting
               | from a blank slate. The difficulty is mapping a path from
               | what we have now to that.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | > I think the US would prefer a UHC if we were starting
               | from a blank slate. The difficulty is mapping a path from
               | what we have now to that.
               | 
               | Do you remember when Republicans went on and on about how
               | "Democrats rammed through the ACA without a single
               | Republican vote"? As if that represented a problem on the
               | Democratic Party side, and not the Republican one?
               | Despite the similarities to models proposed by
               | Republicans in the past, and the relative conservative
               | step it represented from "Byzantine kludge of often poor-
               | to-no-coverage" to "something with a higher floor"?
               | That's how hard it would be to find a Republican to
               | "prefer a UHC if we were starting from a blank slate."
               | 
               | It's important not to underestimate the distrust of
               | government services and regulation of any sort of the
               | Republican base. The conservative media - talk-radio,
               | then cable, then social/podcasts - has been intentionally
               | undermining the credibility of government services at
               | every opportunity for 40 years. And the politicians
               | hamstring and sabotage whenever they get a chance to try
               | to make sure that services offered in the US are sub-par
               | compared to elsewhere.
               | 
               | It's a well-oiled machine running a cycle that keeps
               | people focused on anything else but the services _they
               | actually use all the time_ so that cognitive dissonance
               | can 't creep in. (Granted, sometimes, when necessary to
               | acknowledge those things, they'll fall back to making it
               | clear that YOU _earned_ / _paid for_ the things you use,
               | but those other gross poor people are just freeloaders.)
               | 
               | It's like with abortion - for decades "overturning Roe V
               | Wade" was what Republicans said they wanted to do. And
               | people kept trying to convince themselves "oh they don't
               | really mean that, they wouldn't do that actually
               | anymore." Take their word on it about wanting to tear
               | down government services.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | > It's important not to underestimate the distrust of
               | government services and regulation of any sort of the
               | Republican base. The conservative media - talk-radio,
               | then cable, then social/podcasts - has been intentionally
               | undermining the credibility of government services at
               | every opportunity for 40 years. And the politicians
               | hamstring and sabotage whenever they get a chance to try
               | to make sure that services offered in the US are sub-par
               | compared to elsewhere.
               | 
               | This is partly what I was getting at when I said the
               | culture of the US is different and the scale is much
               | larger than European countries. It's not just
               | geographically larger, but it's politically and
               | ideologically broader too. If you have a wonderful idea
               | like UHC, you need to make it work with liberals,
               | conservatives, and everyone in between. Like it or not, a
               | universal healthcare or Medicare for all plan is either
               | going to be DoA in Congress, or a considerably watered-
               | down and Americanized version if it has any hope at all
               | of getting enough senators to pass it without first
               | seeing massive electoral college reform in this country
               | first.
               | 
               |  _That_ is the scale of the US. You can 't assume that an
               | idea that's well-liked and popular in another country is
               | going to be popular and well-liked here.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | Considering that Europe is composed of many countries
               | with massively different histories, cultures, economies
               | and languages I find that a very unconvincing argument.
               | The US are much more culturualy homogeneous than Europe.
               | I mean just go across the country and look at the
               | patriotic displays of flags which also transcends
               | political differences. In contrast in Europe you first
               | would be seeing different flags, but also displaying
               | flags has very different acceptance rates in different
               | countries.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Right, but we're not talking about "Europe", we're
               | talking about each individual country. I don't think it's
               | reasonable to say that France, for example, is more
               | culturally diverse than the US.
               | 
               | And the various countries in Europe _do_ have different
               | healthcare systems, sometimes significantly different.
        
               | BrenBarn wrote:
               | > The difficulty is mapping a path from what we have now
               | to that.
               | 
               | It's difficult, but not as difficult as it's often
               | presented to be, as long as you're okay with giving the
               | finger to a relatively small number of wealthy health
               | industry executives.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | That depends on who "you" is. Quite a few people in
               | Congress _are_ ok with doing that, but not anywhere near
               | enough to get anything passed. Look at the GOP side of
               | the aisle and you 'll essentially find _no one_ willing
               | to do that. Not to mention they are just simply
               | ideologically opposed to the _concept_ of government-
               | provided universal health care.
               | 
               | And _that_ , is the difficulty. Sure, I agree that it
               | wouldn't be _too_ logistically difficult to implement
               | universal healthcare in the US. But that doesn 't matter
               | when more than half the country has been propaganda'd
               | into not even wanting it in the first place.
               | 
               | Hell, I expect that there are a ton of Medicaid and
               | Medicare recipients in the US who would tell you that
               | they think government-provided, single-payer healthcare
               | is a bad idea, when that's essentially what they have, to
               | some degree.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | > Did Brazil start with a Byzantine kluge of private and
               | public providers and intermediaries? Genuine question,
               | not snark.
               | 
               | That's what it still has.
        
               | fatbird wrote:
               | The elephant in the room is that in every other sphere,
               | scale is the solution, not the problem. The US should
               | find it _easier_ to implement UHC just because of its
               | scale. More tax dollars, more average outcomes, more
               | resources for outliers, more incremental money for
               | research into rarer conditions. That 10x smaller
               | countries like Canada do it effectively is an indictment
               | of America 's inability to do it.
        
               | MajimasEyepatch wrote:
               | America doesn't do it for political and cultural reasons.
               | It has absolutely nothing to do with scale, economics, or
               | America's "inability" to do it. Americans (unfortunately
               | imo) have consistently chosen not to do it by not
               | electing politicians who have pledged to do it.
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | Let's face it, America can't do it for corruption
               | reasons.
               | 
               | The current healthcare system is working perfectly (and
               | by that I mean lucratively) for the 0.01% in control of
               | the political system.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | This is the excuse all American use about literally every
             | single issue anytime anybody points out that other do
             | things better. Most often without actually having thought
             | about it beyond 'muhuhu US BIGGG! USA! USA! USA!'.
             | 
             | If you want to make that argument, actually make it,
             | because if you try, 99% of the time its not actually true,
             | its simply ignorance.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | I'm not sure what point you're trying to make here except
               | that you take a dim view of Americans.
        
               | hannasanarion wrote:
               | The point is that flouride has the same effect on your
               | teeth no matter how many hectares of lifeless desert
               | happen to be controlled by your government.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Interesting, though I think _you_ may have missed a good
               | deal of my own point. Regardless, I wasn 't actually
               | commenting on the fluoride situation, I was commenting on
               | the belief that American exceptionalism is the reason we
               | don't look at Europe and other countries for a slew of
               | solutions that won't work here. It had nothing to do with
               | fluoride, so I think your comment and hostility are a bit
               | off the mark.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | My point is that those that continually point out 'but
               | some things don't apply to the US because X and Y' are
               | mostly themselves just falling into the same trap and
               | almost never actually explain why X and Y change
               | anything, making their 'defense' just more of the same.
        
             | DeepYogurt wrote:
             | Scale is a scapegoat. Take the US region by region and you
             | can find analogs around the world.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | The US isn't several countries put together, region by
               | region. It's one big ass country. I really don't see how
               | taking it region by region somehow eliminates scale
               | issues when you still have to apply it to the entire
               | country.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | It's a federal country of many states though. The
               | original design of the US is fairly similar to the design
               | of the EU today, US states used to be offered much more
               | independence.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Sure, I don't disagree that in a vague sense the EU and
               | US are kinda similar in terms of countries and states.
               | 
               | > US states used to be offered much more independence.
               | 
               | But even in your own example with the EU, the EU still
               | mandates many health policies for its member countries:
               | food safety; air and water quality; tobacco, sugar and
               | alcohol regulations; and so on. That's not at all
               | dissimilar to what the federal government does in the US,
               | except our states don't implement those
               | policies/directives themselves because the feds enforce
               | it all.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Sure, but you're making my point.
               | 
               | The comment I was replying to pointed out that the US
               | isn't several countries put together. As you describe,
               | the EU _is_ several countries put together and yet the US
               | actually pushes _more_ power to the states.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > yet the US actually pushes more power to the states.
               | 
               | Doesn't their comment claim the opposite?
               | 
               | Unlike the US Federal government EU has very limited
               | direct means of imposing any if its laws or regulations
               | on member states of they chose not to comply with them.
        
             | _heimdall wrote:
             | There shouldn't be a scale issue with regards to fluoride
             | in the water. It is either scientifically shown to be
             | beneficial or it isn't, scale and geography likely have
             | nothing to do with it.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Does it not depend on the chemical composition of local
               | water? The US is vast, geologically diverse, and water
               | quality varies hugely across it. Denmark can likely make
               | a decision that's good for the entire country.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | Actually, what most countries seem to do (according to
               | other comments I've seen here), is just delegate to local
               | bodies, so country size is a complete non-issue.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | It could, what do you have in mind with regards to
               | chemical composition that may require fluoride in some
               | circumstances?
               | 
               | And are those conditions manmade? If so, would we be
               | better off reversing the proximal issues rather than
               | adding fluoride to try to fix it?
        
               | attila-lendvai wrote:
               | a decades long study with a gazillion of potential
               | confounders is never "either scientifically shown to be
               | beneficial or it isn't"...
               | 
               | let alone the precautionary principle in a complex system
               | with a gazillion variables... (i.e. things we don't know
               | we don't know)
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | This argument works fine for high-speed rail, not so well
             | for insurance and healthcare.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | If you focus only on the scale part of my argument, sure.
               | But I think the culture part of my argument is more than
               | enough of an answer for insurance and healthcare:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43521734
        
             | thowawatp302 wrote:
             | Why is it less cynical, what does the scale of the US have
             | to do with it?
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Maybe it's just me, but I find the argument that
               | "Americans won't do X cool thing that Europeans/the rest
               | of the world do because they [are dumb/are corrupt/love
               | money/hate each other/believe in American
               | exceptionalism]" to be a very cynical and lazy argument.
               | Note that the person I was replying to was talking about
               | policies and goals like UHC and High Speed Rail, not
               | specifically about fluoridated water - that was the
               | context in which I was replying.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | I feel like this always comes up in these sorts of
             | arguments, that the US is so unique that solutions that
             | work elsewhere can't work here. And yet this point is
             | always hand-waved in, without and specifics discussed, and
             | is just presented as a given.
             | 
             | I really don't buy it, at least not as a general statement.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | Those are two odd examples. The Affordable Care Act is
           | similar to the Netherlands health insurance system:
           | https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2011/lessons-abroad-
           | du... ("These similarities are not entirely coincidental.
           | American public officials, health industry leaders, and
           | scholars made frequent visits to the Netherlands in the run-
           | up to the debate over U.S. health care reform, borrowing
           | ideas and, on occasion, citing the Dutch system as a model
           | for what the U.S. might achieve.").
           | 
           | As to rail, both the first-gen and second-gen Acela is based
           | on the French TGV.
        
             | redczar wrote:
             | The U.S. has a pitiful amount of high speed rail. It serves
             | no point to mention that this pitiful amount of high speed
             | rail is based off of TGV.
             | 
             | The comparison to the Dutch healthcare system is not apt.
             | While the Heritage foundation may used ideas from the Dutch
             | system our system is quite a bit more Byzantine and
             | inefficient. We spend twice as much per capita on
             | healthcare and have worse outcomes and fewer people
             | covered. Our citizens have far more per capita medical debt
             | than the Dutch.
             | 
             | We didn't really implement the Dutch system and we didn't
             | really learn from the French how to build and maintain high
             | speed rail. Saying we learned healthcare from the Dutch
             | because we have doctors like they do makes as much sense as
             | your argument.
        
               | seper8 wrote:
               | You're also twice as fat so I think spending twice makes
               | perfect sense
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | The original claim was "The US rarely looks into how
               | other countries solve problems". That claim appears to be
               | false.
               | 
               | Why does the US execution not match that of the countries
               | it looks into? I think it's because talented people in
               | the US disproportionately go into the private sector,
               | leading to an incompetent public sector. American
               | distrust of their government is arguably justified.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | I thought the ACA was based on the Swiss system of
             | mandatory insurance? The heritage foundation copied the
             | Swiss, Romney took that proposal to Mass, and Obama thought
             | going with a Conservative initiated plan would make it more
             | bipartisan (it didn't, but mainly because republicans hated
             | Obama).
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Definitely not.
               | 
               | IMO the most distinct parts of the Swiss health insurance
               | system is that (1) copay is obligatory but limited (i.e.
               | healthcare isn't _free_ but it's not expensive either),
               | and (2) it's individual, companies cannot pay for it, so
               | there's no US-like extreme benefit of having a good job.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Yes, having lived in Switzerland I experienced that, and
               | it was the personal buy rather than having group plans
               | was the feature missing from the ACA the most.
        
               | waveBidder wrote:
               | aca di. implement a market, it's just that most people
               | buy through their job, because if that's legal you
               | obviously want to be part of a larger bargaining pool for
               | buying.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Group plans suck away cream of crop risk pools. People
               | with good stable high paying jobs tend to be a lot
               | healthier than people working part time crap jobs or
               | working in the trades for themselves.
               | 
               | It isn't really bargaining power of the pool, but the
               | risk assessment of the pool you are in. Being in a hodge
               | lodge personal pool means you are sharing risk with
               | people who will have more expenses. That's why
               | Switzerland throws everyone into the same pool, so no
               | creme low risk can be siphoned away.
        
               | rahkiin wrote:
               | In the Netherlands we have those two as well, but it is
               | also regulated: - the cheapest plan must not cost more
               | than 115 eur (dont know exactly), and it has mandatory
               | coverage ('basisverzekering') - there is a maximum copay
               | of 850eur per year ('eigen risico') - some services are
               | not allowed to have copay - low income people can have
               | extra subsidies to pay for insurance - insurance is
               | mandatory - insurance is a personal thing, not a work-
               | thing. Your work absollutely knows nothing about your
               | health insurance
               | 
               | Due to the regulations it is not a big run to the bottom
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | > The Affordable Care Act is similar to the Netherlands
             | health insurance systemh
             | 
             | > The average Obamacare plan costs $483 monthly for a
             | 30-year-old, $544 for a 40-year-old and $760 for a 50-year-
             | old.
             | 
             | > The bronze plan covers 60% of the costs associated with
             | care.
             | 
             | I feel like they missed the most important parts of the
             | Dutch health insurance system...
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | The Dutch system also requires payment of monthly
               | premiums. The US premiums reflect the cost to insure the
               | US's significantly less healthy population.
        
           | jimt1234 wrote:
           | When I was a kid the schools taught us the metric system,
           | telling us it was the world standard, and would become the
           | standard is the US by the time I was an adult. That was over
           | 40 years ago. And that pretty much sums it all up.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | see that proves it - the U.S can't adopt the metric system,
             | it's too big, you don't want to have to break out the
             | megameters! /s
        
             | tastyfreeze wrote:
             | The US legally switched to metric when England did. It is
             | taught in all schools and used for international trade.
             | But, just like in England there is a mix of imperial and
             | metric units used domestically. If you dont travel
             | internationally, like many Americans, there is little need
             | to use metric. Another generation and there won't be many
             | people left in the US that didn't at least learn metric.
        
               | ascorbic wrote:
               | It's not like England in that respect at all. Yes, there
               | is a mix of usage in the UK but it is very limited.
               | People use metric for everything except miles in cars,
               | pints in pubs, and height and weight of people.
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | From what I have read about metrication, England required
               | all industries to change. The US government doesn't have
               | authority to do that and US industry wasn't going to
               | change all their tooling at great cost if they didn't
               | need to.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | At least they were right about one thing. It definitely is
             | the world standard.
        
         | neRok wrote:
         | Banning its addition is a step beyond -- but in Queensland,
         | Australia for example, the state government no longer mandates
         | its inclusion, and thus the local councils are able to set
         | their own policy.
         | 
         | > While more than 90 per cent of Australians have access to
         | fluoridated water, that figure is significantly lagging in the
         | sunshine state, where local councils have ultimate authority
         | over whether it is adopted.
         | 
         | > A decade after the Newman government handed responsibility
         | for fluoridated drinking water to local governments, 51 out of
         | 77 have opted out. That means about 28 per cent of
         | Queenslanders do not have fluoridated drinking water
         | 
         | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-24/fluoride-dental-care-...
        
           | declan_roberts wrote:
           | So how does their dental conditions and IQs compare? Sounds
           | like a nice little AB test.
        
         | jaredklewis wrote:
         | How has it been "solved?" There's just tradeoffs.
         | 
         | There's evidence that despite widespread availability of
         | fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, fluoridated drinking water
         | improves dental outcomes at the population level.
         | 
         | There's also evidence that at high levels (not the normal
         | levels it is added at, but at higher levels which can happen on
         | accident) fluoride may reduce IQ.
         | 
         | I'm ok with either trade off but the "solved" phrasing makes it
         | sound like there is an obviously superior choice.
        
         | jdminhbg wrote:
         | What I love about this comment is that one person thought "of
         | course every other country just does the right thing when the
         | US doesn't" and posted it, and then a bunch of other people
         | thought "of course every other country just does the right
         | thing when the US doesn't" and upvoted it, and not a single one
         | of them thought to check what the "right thing" is.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, back here on Earth-1, there's no right thing, and
         | countries all over the world have "by and large solved" the
         | issue by doing completely different things:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_by_country
         | 
         | > Water fluoridation is considered very common in the United
         | States, Canada, Ireland, Chile and Australia where over 50% of
         | the population drinks fluoridated water.
         | 
         | > Most European countries including Italy, France, Finland,
         | Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Hungary and
         | Switzerland do not fluoridate water.
        
           | nostromo wrote:
           | Most developed countries have stopped using fluoride. I think
           | that's the commenter's point. The US and Australia are
           | outliers here for sure.
        
           | ruph123 wrote:
           | The world map is hilarious. Germany sure does not look like
           | this anymore (and this is not the GDR split but goes further
           | back). Maybe they should update this. Draws into the
           | question, the whole data.
        
             | ddulaney wrote:
             | The map is drawing Germany and Czechia both with the same
             | white color as the border.
             | 
             | Unfortunate that the color scheme is confusing, but not any
             | weird borders.
             | 
             | You can see the uncolored map here:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMap-
             | World6-Equirec...
        
             | decimalenough wrote:
             | Both non-fluoridating countries and country borders are
             | white, so it's not that Germany is drawn wrong, but that
             | that countries near Germany (Czechia, Netherlands,
             | Luxembourg) look like they're part of the same white blob.
        
           | quitit wrote:
           | The missing context here is that the science and established
           | benefits of fluoride aren't a culture war political football
           | in those countries.
           | 
           | These countries largely publicly recognise the benefits of
           | fluoride, but don't add it because:
           | 
           | - Some countries opt for intake via supplementation.
           | 
           | - Some have a naturally sufficient supply in drinking water
           | via natural processes.
           | 
           | - Some even need to reduce the abundance of fluoride in their
           | water due to over supply.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | Why is that missing context? I don't think anybody who is
             | against fluoridated tap water rejects the benefits of
             | fluoride, they just think the harms of adding it to tap
             | water outweigh the benefits.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | Might I introduce you to the US' head of antivax and
               | conspiracy theories:
               | https://x.com/RobertKennedyJr/status/1852907832884285708
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | I don't see a statement of his opinion on fluoridated
               | toothpaste, which is the real test.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | > dangerous neurotoxin
               | 
               | I think you can pretty easily infer his opinion about
               | toothpaste containing a "dangerous neurotoxin".
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | The lethal dose of fluoride is in the 5-10g range for an
               | adult [1] with immediate gastrointestinal effects at
               | 15-20x lower. While those levels are quite obviously far
               | above the recommended level of 0.7mg/l, it's very
               | reasonable to call anything that's lethal at 5g, to a
               | human adult, as dangerous.
               | 
               | The latest report from the National Toxicology Program
               | has found a causal reduction of ~1.63 IQ per additional
               | mg/L concentration of fluoride in their urine [2], which
               | would seem sufficient to also call it a neurotoxin,
               | though the NTP under extensive pressure chose to avoid
               | any particular label after having previously declared it
               | a "presumed neurotoxin."
               | 
               | Notably the study from NTP also mentioned something most
               | people here seem to be missing: "There is a concern,
               | however, that some pregnant women and children may be
               | getting more fluoride than they need because they now get
               | fluoride from many sources including treated public
               | water, water-added foods and beverages, teas, toothpaste,
               | floss, and mouthwash, and the combined total intake of
               | fluoride may exceed safe amounts."
               | 
               | Fluoride being seen as desirable at safe levels, may have
               | drove excessive multi-domain inputs of it, which can
               | combine to drive it to unsafe levels.
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride_toxicity
               | 
               | [2] - https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/n
               | oncancer/...
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | > it's very reasonable to call anything that's lethal at
               | 5g, to a human adult, as dangerous.
               | 
               | No it is not. It is sensational and intentionally
               | inflammatory. It is especially damming coming from
               | someone in his position.
               | 
               | Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B, iron, and caffeine are
               | all deadly at that level. The first 4 are mandatory for
               | life, shall we call them dangerous too? Or perhaps we
               | have some nuance and acknowledge the co spirit oriel
               | background (and other beliefs) of the people pushing the
               | anti-fluoride message.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Obviously. In looking up the LD50/lethal dose for vitamin
               | A, I ended up here. [1] You might notice the big red
               | symbol "Health Hazard" at the top. And the LD50 for
               | vitamin A ranges from 1500-3700mg/kg, contrasted against
               | fluoride's 26-94! But really one of the biggest issues
               | here is that unless you're actively trying to kill
               | yourself with vitamins, an overdose generally has no
               | major effects beyond some gastrointestinal issues. I've
               | experienced it myself by supplementing with vitamins
               | while body building and consuming an already extremely
               | high nutrient diet.
               | 
               | But with fluoride we're talking about extremely low
               | doses, well below the lethal level, being able to
               | potentially permanently damage the mind's of children.
               | Such an extreme risk justifies an abundance of caution,
               | especially when the reason we're doing it is for some
               | relatively modest dental gains, which are likely
               | increasingly obsolete with fluoride being in tooth paste
               | and many other sources besides water. In fact, as per the
               | study I linked to up above, this is precisely the
               | problem!
               | 
               | "Since 1945, the use of fluoride has been a successful
               | public health initiative for reducing dental cavities and
               | improving general oral health of adults and children.
               | There is a concern, however, that some pregnant women and
               | children may be getting more fluoride than they need
               | because they now get fluoride from many sources including
               | treated public water, water-added foods and beverages,
               | teas, toothpaste, floss, and mouthwash, and the combined
               | total intake of fluoride may exceed safe amounts."
               | 
               | [1] - https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Retinol
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | > which are likely increasingly obsolete with fluoride
               | being in tooth paste and many other sources besides
               | water.
               | 
               | See the rest of this thread. If you think the group (at
               | RFK doing so in an official government capacity) using
               | such inflammatory language is going to stop at removing
               | fluoride from just water I don't know what to tell you.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Fluoride does have neurotoxic effects though.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | Never let the truth get in the way of a good grift.
        
           | FridgeSeal wrote:
           | IIRC _some_ of the European countries that "do not fluoridate
           | their water" have naturally occurring fluoride levels in
           | their water, obviating the need for them to do it.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | Are the levels in water consistently checked?
        
               | vincnetas wrote:
               | of course they are. tap water is continually monitored
               | for the chemical composition. there are aprooved norms
               | that need to be met. (LT)
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | At least in Germany, tap water is subject to higher
               | standards than bottled water.
        
               | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
               | In most European countries, tap water is one of the most
               | tested food products, and the standards are often
               | stricter than for bottled water.
        
             | ManBeardPc wrote:
             | In Germany having salt with added fluoride is very common.
             | There is salt without it if you don't want it though.
        
               | weinzierl wrote:
               | That is not true. You are probably thinking of iodine.
               | Actually fluoride is prohibited in children's toothpaste
               | in Germany because of its suspected neurotoxicity.
               | 
               | EDIT: I checked. It is possible to buy salt with added
               | fluoride in Germany but it comes with the health note
               | "Zusatzliche fluoridhaltige Praparate sollten nur auf
               | arztliche Empfehlung eingenommen werden.", which means
               | you should only use it on recommendation by your MD.
        
               | ManBeardPc wrote:
               | You are right, iodine is the more common one. Fluoride is
               | a less common additive.
        
               | Xelynega wrote:
               | > Actually fluoride is prohibited in children's
               | toothpaste in Germany because of its suspected
               | neurotoxicity.
               | 
               | I can't find any information on this, do you have a
               | source? According to Wikipedia fluoride toothpaste is
               | recommended by health officials in Germany for children(h
               | ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_by_coun
               | tr...)
        
             | Beretta_Vexee wrote:
             | In fact, many countries even have a maximum permissible
             | limit for fluoride in tap and bottled water.
             | 
             | In France, for example, the limit is 1.5 mg/L in tap water.
             | https://www.anses.fr/en/system/files/NUT2007sa0315q.pdf
             | 
             | Supplementation mainly concerns iodine for non-marine
             | salts. Sea salt naturally contains iodine and fluorine.
             | Salt from salt mines contains much less. For this reason,
             | iodine deficiency was relatively common in the Alps until
             | the beginning of the twentieth century.
             | 
             | To my knowledge, there is no debate or controversy on the
             | subject. Endemic goiters are exceedingly rare and are
             | linked to behavioral and eating disorders.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | What does the UK do? This will tell you what people should do
           | because I've seen English teeth.
           | 
           | > In England, approximately 10% of the population, or around
           | 6 million people, receive fluoridated water, either naturally
           | or through water fluoridation schemes, mainly in the West
           | Midlands and the North East.
           | 
           | Uh oh. I know it is better now but in 1978 a third of people
           | in the UK didn't have their natural teeth.
        
             | andai wrote:
             | I was reading a while ago about populations that moved to
             | England, and within 2 generations their teeth are messed up
             | (the first gen of kids born is usually raised on the food
             | of their original culture).
             | 
             | You saw it too in Canada when the Inuit went on food stamps
             | and went from eating mostly meat to mostly plants: their
             | teeth went all over the place and full of holes within a
             | single generation.
             | 
             | We also saw that with the advent of agriculture in general,
             | along with a massive decline in average height.
        
               | ustad wrote:
               | You're right that dietary changes can impact health, but
               | there are other factors at play. Stress from moving to a
               | new country or experiencing forced dislocation can have
               | serious effects on physical health, weakening the immune
               | system and disrupting overall well-being. Along with
               | this, shifting away from nature-based vocations to more
               | sedentary lifestyles contributes to health decline. The
               | increased consumption of sugar and alcohol also
               | exacerbates dental and general health issues. So, it's
               | not just diet but a combination of stress, lifestyle
               | changes, and modern substances that contribute to health
               | problems in these populations.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | This was not much different everywhere else. Public dental
             | care campaigns helped a lot, the same with affordable
             | dental care products. Looking at my parents generation
             | there are lots of false teeth going around. (Not uk)
        
             | drcongo wrote:
             | My grandfather, who was still alive in 1978, had all his
             | teeth removed and was given a set of dentures when
             | conscripted into WWII. From what I can gather this was
             | pretty common - the service dentist would check you over on
             | arrival and if you had at least one cavity they'd whip the
             | lot out so that they wouldn't need to do anything else to
             | them for the rest of your service.
        
             | foldr wrote:
             | This perception is out of date. The UK population actually
             | has very healthy teeth as a whole:
             | 
             | https://www.yongeeglintondental.com/blog/healthy-primary-
             | tee...
             | 
             | That, of course, is not quite the same thing as perfectly
             | white, perfectly aligned teeth.
        
           | frontfor wrote:
           | The point is basically no one else has politicised this to
           | the extent the US did. Pointing to how different countries
           | solve it differently is missing the point completely.
        
             | jdminhbg wrote:
             | "Well, whether it's better to fluoridate the water or not,
             | ~half the world got the answer wrong. But the important
             | thing is they didn't argue about it."
        
               | jpmoral wrote:
               | More like "there are pros and cons but there doesn't have
               | to be a big political fight about it".
        
               | jdminhbg wrote:
               | The "big political fight" here is that one out of fifty
               | US states changed its mind, to be clear.
        
               | jpmoral wrote:
               | I'm not in the US but doesn't that downplay it a bit?
               | Hasn't this been a contentious topic for some time? It's
               | not like no one's been talking about it and Utah suddenly
               | decided out of the blue.
        
               | jdminhbg wrote:
               | > I'm not in the US but doesn't that downplay it a bit?
               | 
               | No, not really. There are a couple municipalities
               | (Portland, OR, e.g.) that have famously not fluoridated
               | their water forever, but for the most part this is not
               | something most places argue about. UT is an exception.
        
               | briandear wrote:
               | The irony is that people on the Left will claim that red
               | Utah is ignorantly making public health policy, while
               | deep deep blue Portland is considered "progressive." The
               | public health "experts" are ripping into Utah but haven't
               | seemed to care about Portland. Perhaps because the public
               | health people are mostly Democrat and care more about
               | politics than actual health? I would love to be wrong --
               | but why is Portland (and much of Europe) getting a free
               | pass from the controversy, but a (relatively low
               | population) red U.S. state isn't?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Portland, Oregon is a city so the effects of their
               | policies are a little more limited in scope. IMO if it
               | really is a contentious health issue (well-founded or
               | not, I guess people really do disagree about this issue)
               | it is better to make the decision at the lowest level
               | practical.
               | 
               | I think most cities manage their own utilities. So,
               | Portland has to make _some_ decision on this issue. Utah
               | doesn't, it was an active choice to intervene.
        
               | attila-lendvai wrote:
               | recently they managed to bring this to a court, and the
               | judge was convinced by the evidence, and ruled that water
               | fluoridation is harmful.
               | 
               | downplayed? you judge.
        
               | jpmoral wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you're getting at. What I meant was
               | that it was my impression that the argument over fluoride
               | has been going on for longer and is bigger than this one
               | case. How and why the judge ruled and what the ruling was
               | is tangential to that.
        
               | username332211 wrote:
               | They do have a point. If you look at history, Americans
               | do seem to have a bizarre habit of turning everything
               | into a great controversy.
               | 
               | The British abolished slavery with a vote of parliament.
               | The Russian emperor signed a decree, and freed the serfs.
               | Compromised were made, compensation provided and people
               | were made free. But for some reason, Americans felt the
               | matter is important enough to start a civil war around
               | it.
               | 
               | People complain about America being divided and both
               | sides there being unable to compromise, but if anything,
               | that's been the defining feature of the nation since it's
               | creation. "Y'all should take a chill pill, this ain't
               | that important" is a perfectly valid position to have.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | > If you look at history, Americans do seem to have a
               | bizarre habit of turning everything into a great
               | controversy.
               | 
               | It sure is bizarre for the parts of the world where
               | people are born to do as they're told and shut up.
        
               | username332211 wrote:
               | England has 3 or 4 civil wars in it's history entirely
               | focused on the matter of whether people should do as
               | they're told and shut up. The usual result in those
               | conflicts was a resounding victory for the "No" side.
               | 
               | What's rare is for a nation to have a civil war between
               | sides that agree on almost everything, from the structure
               | of the government to the economic system.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > The British abolished slavery with a vote of parliament
               | 
               | The situation was fundamentally different. Colonies that
               | allowed slavery had no representation in parliament and
               | the slave owners received massive "compensation" that the
               | British people had to spend decades paying off..
               | 
               | Also AFAIK most slaveholders were living in Britain and
               | just viewed their plantations as just another investment.
               | There was very little ideological/"way of life"/racial
               | supremacy stuff involved. So if some Liberals wanted to
               | buyout their not necessarily very liquid "property" with
               | cash they didn't really have much reason to oppose it.
               | 
               | And then there were 5x more slaves in the US in 1864
               | while the population was only ~30% higher than that of
               | Britain in 1830 (only if we don't count the colonies).
               | 
               | Not sure how excited would the inhabitants of New England
               | and other free states would have been if they were forced
               | to buy out all the slaves in the country (if that was
               | even an option).
               | 
               | Slavery for the British was a side note at that point
               | while it was a fundamental component of the US economy.
        
               | username332211 wrote:
               | Serfdom was fundamental to the Russian economy, but was
               | abolished nonetheless. Alexander II forced the serfs to
               | pay for their own freedom.
               | 
               | The idea that no compromise was possible sounds somewhat
               | absurd since America did end the civil war with a
               | compromise. "You can free the slaves, but then we oppress
               | them for 100 or so years." Not that it was a good
               | compromise or anything, but it does show that the civil
               | war was fundamentally pointless.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Russia was a centralized absolutist empire. The Tsar
               | could more or less do whatever he wanted as long as the
               | army and some other elements of the bureaucracy supported
               | him.
               | 
               | So it's hardly applicable to the US (or Britain)
               | 
               | > end the civil war with a compromise
               | 
               | I'm not sure it's was a compromise per se.
               | 
               | Most people in the north didn't really actively support
               | country wide abolition before the war (neither did
               | Lincoln) nor were they necessarily particularly concerned
               | about the treatment of the African-American population.
               | 
               | Opposing slavery is a very low bar. Most people in the
               | free states were still deeply racist and segregation was
               | effectively (while not necessarily legally) still a thing
               | there. It only became a major issue in the mid 1900s.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | > Americans felt the matter is important enough to start
               | a civil war around it.
               | 
               | The answer was the same then as it is now: big business.
               | Slave labor cash crops were central to the economy of the
               | South. Great Britain was not dependent on it in the same
               | way.
        
           | bsza wrote:
           | While I acknowledge it is not a "solved" issue, I find it
           | bizarre nonetheless, simply because it is so
           | disproportionately low-stakes compared to the amount of
           | controversy around it. Increased risk of cavities versus
           | tentative evidence of losing 1-2 IQ points at 1.5 mg/L?
           | Sounds like a Monty Python sketch to me that people would get
           | so worked up over this.
        
             | jdminhbg wrote:
             | Agree, it's a little bit like child Covid vaccinations. Not
             | much evidence for either benefit or harm, recommended in
             | the US but not most of Europe.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | It's not at all the same, that's a terrible example.
               | Child vaccinations help reduce the Rt, regardless of
               | whether the benefit to the individual is significant.
               | Statements to the contrary have just confused the public.
               | (biochemist)
        
               | jdminhbg wrote:
               | Tell that to the European health agencies, I guess, they
               | seem to be confused too.
        
               | llbbdd wrote:
               | Nothing new there.
        
               | logicchains wrote:
               | Not necessarily, because excessive boosting is associated
               | with increased infection rate/RTlt: https://www.journalof
               | infection.com/article/S0163-4453(25)000...
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | What Rt are you worried about in 2025?
        
             | AuryGlenz wrote:
             | Im sorry, but I think it's ridiculous that thinking
             | something that knows off an IQ point or two isn't a big
             | deal.
             | 
             | For one, we're literally making everyone slightly less
             | intelligent. While it's a very small factor, I sure as hell
             | wouldn't want that for my daughters.
             | 
             | For two, IQ is easy to measure. Through that, we know it's
             | affecting the brain during development. How else is it
             | affecting it? We don't know.
             | 
             | Weighed against potentially higher risk of cavities pretty
             | much only during childhood and the math seems incredibly
             | clear to me. I feel like the only reason we haven't banned
             | adding it to water supplies is because people have a knee
             | jerk reaction to anything that sounds even vaguely anti-vax
             | nowadays.
             | 
             | The fact that until 10 years ago the US allowed
             | significantly higher levels should be a really big deal to
             | people.
             | 
             | I'm on reverse osmosis well water so it doesn't matter to
             | me personally, for what it's worth.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | The risk of cavities is reduced by using toothpaste or
             | mouth washes with fluoride, not by drinking fluoridated
             | water.
             | 
             | Almost all fluoride from the drinking water does not have
             | any effect on tooth enamel, because it has contact with it
             | only for a few seconds, except for an infinitesimal
             | fraction that may exit again the body in saliva.
             | 
             | On the other hand, the harmful effects of fluoride in
             | drinking water are certain and it cannot be predicted
             | exactly how much water will be ingested by someone, i.e.
             | which will be the harmful dose of ingested fluoride.
             | 
             | The only argument of those who support water fluoridation
             | is that most people must be morons who cannot be taught to
             | wash their teeth. I do not believe that this theory can be
             | right.
        
               | shlant wrote:
               | > The risk of cavities is reduced by using toothpaste or
               | mouth washes with fluoride, not by drinking fluoridated
               | water.
               | 
               | it always surprises me how willing people are to just
               | make something up and be confident in doing so. We've
               | know for almost 75 years that water fluoridation reduces
               | tooth decay[1] and yet here you are straight up denying
               | that.
               | 
               | Do you just not care if you are correct? or do you know
               | you aren't but are driven by the beliefs you already
               | hold?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/data-research/facts-
               | stats/fa...
        
               | scintill76 wrote:
               | > Almost all fluoride from the drinking water does not
               | have any effect on tooth enamel, because it has contact
               | with it only for a few seconds
               | 
               | The contact via toothpaste or mouth wash isn't all that
               | much longer, so why would they be effective if
               | fluoridated water isn't? People intentionally wash out
               | toothpaste and mouthwash after this short contact.
        
             | danielscrubs wrote:
             | To straw man, you could argue that 1-2 IQ extra might have
             | a large affect on the salary as everything is relative. If
             | you are on the lower IQ scale, a ten point reduction would
             | double your likelihood of doing crime.
             | 
             | I put in a spelling error in the above paragraph of 215
             | characters, you still understand it but what was your
             | perception of me from this very small error?
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | IQ points is just an indicator that could be measured
             | consistently. Who knows what else is going on.. and
             | statistically (especially depending on the distribution) 2
             | IQ points is quite a lot. After all 50% of the population
             | fall into the 20 point range in the middle..
             | 
             | Of course it comes down to whether the relationship
             | actually exists. But picking a slightly higher risk of
             | cavities when the other option is potential mental
             | impairment (however mild) seems like a no-brainer..
        
               | Xelynega wrote:
               | Has this link been found to not exist in fluoride
               | supplements or fluoride toothpastes?
               | 
               | I don't think it's such a no brainer if every health org
               | is recommending fluoride, and some people think it's
               | scary.
        
             | permo-w wrote:
             | you're really genuinely shocked that people would get
             | worked up over chemicals being added to their drinking
             | water without their consent? chemicals which have not been
             | conclusively proven to be non-toxic? chemicals which are
             | already in toothpaste giving people the choice to use them
             | anyway?
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | flouride naturally occurs in water all over the world,
               | and if you don't want any chemicals in your water you
               | should be drinking distilled water. Almost nobody does,
               | because "chemicals in the water reeeeeee!!!" is just a
               | mindless idiotic shreak, not anything insightful or
               | debatable
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | >"chemicals in the water reeeeeee!!!"
               | 
               | having to resort to childish attempts like this
               | essentially invalidates anything "insightful" you might
               | want to say. if you can't see that _manually_ adding
               | safety-unproven chemicals to water without people 's
               | consent is a weird and unethical thing to do, then that's
               | fine, but don't embarrass yourself and everyone else like
               | this
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | > if you can't see that manually adding safety-unproven
               | 
               | Nobody is doing that, so maybe don't embarrass yourself
               | like that?
               | 
               | > without people's consent
               | 
               | Also not happening. Consent was established when it was
               | voted on, and if people want to change their local
               | policies they are always free to do so. People that
               | object against majority are also free to drink
               | alternative water from the free market instead of relying
               | on socialist handouts
               | 
               | If you want to have an actual, good faith debate about
               | the pros/cons of a specific additive that's wonderful.
               | But you didn't, you reduced the entire thing to
               | "chemicals bad because chemicals". But, more
               | significantly, so too has the US's administration which
               | Utah is following suit on. The US is full on "feels not
               | reals" government mode.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | my friend at this point you are just wildly throwing
               | whatever pops into your mind into the air and hoping it
               | sticks somewhere
               | 
               | when was it voted on and by who? tell me.
               | 
               | you're also aware that people pay for water, it's not
               | free? quite an odd thing for an adult to not know
               | 
               | "good faith debate". from someone who started making
               | mocking autism noises in the middle of a normal
               | conversation? _that 's_ what I suggested was
               | embarrassing, you simply didn't read my comment because
               | you yourself have no interest in having a good faith
               | discussion and you're just blindly throwing terms like
               | that as a way of dismissing an opinion you disagree with.
               | 
               | "chemicals bad because chemicals" I never said anything
               | of the sort, this is a strawman you invented to
               | strengthen your struggling argument. there have quite
               | literally been studies linking increased fluoride to
               | toxicity. it's not "chemicals bad because chemicals" it's
               | "there have been studies suggesting this chemical may be
               | toxic so why are we putting it in drinking water without
               | a public consultation in the last 70 years?"
               | 
               | >The US is full on "feels not reals" government mode.
               | 
               | okay and here we have your real motivation. 90% likely
               | you quite obviously don't give a fuck about fluoridated
               | water or human rights, you are pissed about the current
               | executive branch and you're looking to take it out
               | somewhere. this "debate" is over.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | The specifics of fluoride are low stakes.
             | 
             | The general idea of the government medicating the people
             | writ large isn't low stakes.
             | 
             | In the US there are a lot of people who are of the opinion
             | the government should just let people be.
        
               | Xelynega wrote:
               | Are those the people voting for the "have the government
               | put restrictions on trans people" party?
               | 
               | I have a feeling it's not about "letting people be". It's
               | about "let me be and screw over those I don't like"
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | If you live in the US, you'll meet a lot of genuinely
               | good people on both sides of the more/less government
               | debate.
               | 
               | Anyone who thinks this is a straightforward issue is
               | dumb, frankly.
        
               | Xelynega wrote:
               | I'm just confused how parties that advocate for small
               | government(in the US and Canada) seem to simultaneously
               | target the rights of minorities.
               | 
               | How can the issue people are concerned with be government
               | overreach if they don't care about the government
               | overreaching into others backyards?
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | What rights of minorities have been targeted? If the only
               | example is trans rights, it's dumb to think it's a simple
               | issue of trampled rights. There are two competing sets of
               | rights, you grant one set you take away from the other.
               | There isn't a good solution.
               | 
               | If you think all the people advocating for small
               | government must be fools or hypocrites, you don't
               | understand the issues an any depth.
        
               | Xelynega wrote:
               | Why do trans people not count as a minority being
               | targetted?
               | 
               | I'm curious, what rights are "granted" by making it
               | illegal for doctors to prescribe puberty blocks when they
               | as a medical professional and a child's parents as their
               | guardian agree they're the best medical course of action
               | for a child?
               | 
               | Saying "it's about granting and taking away" feels like
               | it's ignoring the complexity of these issues more than
               | what I'm saying.
        
           | 827a wrote:
           | Once you start trying to cross-reference a public health
           | campaign with something related to peoples' diets, it becomes
           | difficult to make super broad and conclusive statements.
           | 
           | Here's some interesting data (2003 I believe, so pretty old)
           | [1]: It reports that most of Europe, Canada, Australia, and
           | South America experiences cavities at rates higher than the
           | United States. However: Many of these countries have public
           | health care; the US does not. Is the US under-reporting? (I
           | didn't dig much deeper into the underlying data; may not be a
           | relevant concern).
           | 
           | Three things I think are likely to be true: (1) Fluoridated
           | toothpaste is widely available and cheap. (2) Cavity rates
           | are significant even in countries with high rates of
           | fluoridation. (3) Fluoridating the water supply carries with
           | it a non-zero monetary cost. I tend to believe that these
           | three realities, at the very least, _justify_ the
           | conversation as being one we should have. It could be the
           | case that water fluoridation made a ton of sense in a world
           | where people didn 't have as much access to fluoridated
           | toothpaste, but nowadays the typical person has hit the limit
           | on what it can do for them, and ingesting more is, at best,
           | doing nothing.
           | 
           | Here's another way I like to think about it: Put the science
           | aside for a second (I know, hard, not ideal, but bear with
           | me). You've got two people who are low income. Person A
           | believes, for their own health and in the expression of their
           | own personal liberties, they want access to fluoride; but the
           | Government is not fluoridating their water. They can spend $5
           | a month to buy fluoridated toothpaste; possibly not even more
           | expensive than the toothpaste they were already buying.
           | Person B is living in the opposite world: They believe that
           | they do not want to ingest fluoride, but the government is
           | fluoridating their water. They would have to spend many
           | dozens to hundreds of dollars a month buying water bottled
           | somewhere more natural. From a personal liberty and economics
           | perspective: Its pretty clear-cut.
           | 
           | [1] https://smile-365.com/what-countries-have-the-lowest-
           | prevale...
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | > a non-zero monetary cost
             | 
             | Direct monetary cost is entirely insignificant, though.
             | Potential risk of mental impairment (of course there is no
             | conclusive evidence of that) seems like a much bigger
             | issue.
        
             | Xelynega wrote:
             | Using your "person a" "person b" story, what about "persons
             | c-z" that also want fluoride because they trust doctors?
             | 
             | If one out of a hundred people don't want fluoride, can't
             | they can spend slightly more on bottled water? Why require
             | the other 99 to be up-to-date on research to get the best
             | personal medical outcome?
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | Generally speaking I see fluoridation as a ridiciulous idea,
           | on the grounds that the vast majority of tap water ends up
           | being used for things other than brushing your teeth. It is
           | wasteful and damaging to the environment, that excess
           | flouride that has no business being there ends up in the
           | drain, or the water you use for your plants.
           | 
           | Flouride should be put in the toothpaste. Then people can
           | make a choice on whether they want it, but most importantly,
           | its in the only product that is actually used for brushing
           | teeth
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | > _It is wasteful and damaging to the environment_
             | 
             | It's basically a waste product and water naturally has
             | fluoride in it at the same levels, or more, that
             | fluoridated water has, and the environment has been just
             | fine in those places.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Fluoridation for public health is done at lower levels than
             | fluoride is found naturally in water in other areas.
             | 
             | If it's harmful as you imply, lots of water would need
             | defluoridation.
        
               | bowmessage wrote:
               | https://www.npr.org/2024/08/23/nx-s1-5086886/fluoride-
               | and-iq
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | Germany and France don't fluoridate water, but they add
           | fluorine compounds to table salt.
           | 
           | Meanwhile growing up in Poland in the 90s as kids we had
           | these fluoridation sessions in school, for which everyone had
           | to bring their toothbrush and brush their teeth with some
           | kind of sour tasting fluid that contained fluorine.
        
             | barotalomey wrote:
             | > we had these fluoridation sessions in school
             | 
             | We had the same in Sweden up until the early 90s, and it's
             | apparently doing sort of a revival in some schools.
             | 
             | https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluortant
        
             | nicbou wrote:
             | In Germany, you can buy salt with or without fluorine. Both
             | options are available at my local Lidl. It's clearly marked
             | on the front of the box.
        
           | verytrivial wrote:
           | I thought the comment was about resolving the issue one way
           | or the other _without it becoming yet another polarization
           | topic_ . It probably matters less in either resolution than
           | the cost due schisms and distrust the  "debate" causes.
        
           | wil421 wrote:
           | How much natural fluoride does Europe have in their water?
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | The map accounts for that
        
           | nxpnsv wrote:
           | Sure, but they are also not fighting about it, this seems
           | crucial.
        
           | evantbyrne wrote:
           | Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake. The
           | whole "everyone else agrees on X" bit is such a reliable
           | tell.
        
           | freehorse wrote:
           | Regardless of whether the water is fluoridated or not, the
           | main guideline is "brush your teeth with fluoridated
           | toothpaste". No policy maker elsewhere is pushing narratives
           | against fluoride at large like in the US. These narratives
           | there are even dangerous. One can easily look at dental
           | associations reviews, or official state guidelines and see
           | that more or less they say very similar things. It is very
           | easy to find these policy-informing reviews online.
           | 
           | And regardless of whether the water is fluoridated or not,
           | there is no big debate elsewhere about it, nobody cares that
           | much about it, because all the evidence is that in smaller
           | amounts prob it is does not matter much either way, in the
           | presence of people brushing their teeth. A lot of countries
           | stopped it due to logistic purposes. In netherlands they
           | tried fluoride in the water, a court said they should
           | actually pass a law in order to be able to do it, and they
           | did not even bother with that and dropped it. The fact that
           | some countries may not use fluoride in the water is not due
           | to some deeply-held conviction about how destructive fluoride
           | is for the iq of the kids. In terms of risks of fluoride,
           | fluorosis is what is mostly discussed anyway, and to a
           | degree, unless it is too serious, this may just be an
           | aesthetic issue.
           | 
           | From the perspective of one that watches this craziness from
           | outside, the whole debate is non-sense, and whether some
           | european countries use water fluoridation or not is not very
           | important, it does not cause any heated debate in the EU. The
           | debate in the US is not because the US considers some things
           | that others do not consider. There is no actual truthseeking
           | mentality from the current administration or anybody on this
           | to actually find for sure if fluoride decreases iq, or if
           | fluoride in the water is absolutely essential for dental
           | health even if people are brushing their teeth.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | The issue, to my eyes at least, is much less of water, and
           | much more of fluoride itself. That is what seems mostly a
           | settled and non controversial topic elsewhere such that it is
           | not perennially raised anew with tone of fans quoting Dr.
           | Strangelove except meaning it.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | Incisive comment, thanks for questioning the assumptions
           | here.
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | I'd agree that Europe has solved this issue by removing
         | fluoride from drinking water.
         | 
         | But beyond Europe there's still no global consensus.
         | 
         | I do agree that the US is an outlier with fluoride being nearly
         | universal.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Which European countries _remove_ fluoride from water
           | generally? UK adds it in naturally low fluoride areas.
           | 
           | Some countries no longer add it (but their water still has
           | naturally occurring fluoride that they don't remove).
        
         | cameldrv wrote:
         | I remember the first time I went to a German dentist and he
         | told me how amazing my teeth looked and that he could tell I
         | must be American. Fluoride may have some downsides but it
         | definitely has upsides.
        
           | nichos wrote:
           | Is it good for teeth because it's "applied" when drinking it,
           | or is it due to ingesting it? I think ingesting is the issue.
        
             | jandrewrogers wrote:
             | Food often has much higher levels of fluoride than water,
             | but the fluoride isn't as bioavailable to teeth when it is
             | in food, hence putting it in water. Fluorine in food may
             | become more bioavailable further down the digestive tract
             | where it does much less good.
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | > This is one of these US-specific polarised debates I find
         | really bizarre, around some kind of issue that the rest of the
         | world has by large solved but without any acknowledgement of
         | this fact.
         | 
         | > Maybe the US should look into how other countries have solved
         | it?
         | 
         | I mean Utah is trying, sorry it took a while. I know Germany
         | and Sweden don't fluoridate its water, I assume you mean
         | Western Europe by the "world" (sorry if I am interpreting too
         | much here, but that's usually what's popular to compare US to
         | and bash US on how bad it is), so US is getting "with the
         | program", finally I suppose. States having individual laws here
         | is a benefit, one state doesn't have to wait for the Federal
         | Government to act.
         | 
         | > This is one of these US-specific polarised debates I find
         | really bizarre,
         | 
         | I don't think it's that polarizing? Unless 1) you're listening
         | to US media more and 2) you're not getting many non-polarizing
         | issues in the news, because those are well are just boring and
         | don't sell ads.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | _completely bizarre witnessing both sides getting so polarised
         | around a basically non-issue_
         | 
         | This isn't a sensible way to think about it. Every contentious
         | conversation I've ever had has gone this way:
         | Me:   why do people want to ban fluoride       Them: [anti
         | government paranoia]       Me:   um...but how about tooth decay
         | Them: pineal gland calcification       Me:   idk sounds pretty
         | far-fetched       Them: THAT'S WHAT THEY WANT YOU TO THINK
         | 
         | It's irrational to complain about 'both sides' when only one
         | side is insisting on making it into an issue. I generally just
         | try to disegnage from people as soon as they start freaking out
         | about fluoride/ chemtrails/ vaccinations etc, but people like
         | this frequently treat skepticism as a personal attack.
         | Increasingly they occupy positions of political power (see eg
         | RFK) having acquired them by public displays of conviction
         | rather than any objective criteria.
        
         | protocolture wrote:
         | 1. Its a fringe issue in Australia 2. The US doesnt believe in
         | other countries so why check.
        
         | 77pt77 wrote:
         | Even in Europe Fluoridation is not uniform.
         | 
         | Some place do it. Others partially, many not at all.
        
         | arp242 wrote:
         | The same discussion happened in Netherlands in the 70s, and
         | water in NL is no longer fluoridated since the 70s for that
         | reason. So it's not that "US-specific". I don't know about
         | other countries from the top of my head.
        
           | consp wrote:
           | Funny thing you mention that. Since it is now monitored and
           | maintained by natural source. There is fluoride, just not
           | added anymore. (It is at lower levels than when added
           | obviously)
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | >(It is at lower levels than when added obviously)
             | 
             | This is not obvious. Some water has high levels of
             | fluoride, which can cause harm (fluoride added for public
             | health reasons is not the highest level of fluoride you
             | will find [in the UK]).
             | 
             | Fluoridation could be done by mixing of naturally high
             | fluoride water sources into other water.
        
         | bcssimulationz wrote:
         | If you look at the US as a simulation that branched of the
         | mother tree of Europe in the 15th century, you won't find it
         | odd that it is rediscovering what Europe has already figured
         | out. Just in it's own way and time. (No chemicals/colors in
         | foods and adequate drinking water) Wait till they figure out
         | mass transit, that will be a shocker.
        
           | briandear wrote:
           | Has Europe figured out mass transit? In Barcelona, a trip
           | that takes me 1.5 hours of total time using "transit" takes
           | me 28 minutes on my motor scooter. I think there is still
           | some figuring out that needs to happen before I'll add 2
           | hours to my daily commute.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | No no, in the US we figure out the worst way to do something,
         | and then do that, and invent reasons why the US is unique such
         | that the reasonable solutions that other countries employ just
         | couldn't possibly work here.
         | 
         | (To be fair, though, many [most?] Western countries do _not_
         | fluoridate their water. The US is actually not doing the common
         | thing here.)
         | 
         | It's honestly not clear if water fluoridation in the US is
         | necessary or all that useful here anymore, as we started doing
         | it when fluoride toothpaste wasn't really a thing. Now pretty
         | much all(?) toothpaste in the US has fluoride in it. If someone
         | can't afford toothpaste, then they probably can't afford
         | regular dental care either, and fluoridated water isn't going
         | to make much of an impact anyway.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | Here in England, there's some areas that put fluoride into the
         | water and other areas already have sufficient fluoride levels.
         | People complaining about the side effects of fluoridation often
         | forget that water can naturally contain high levels of fluoride
         | - it's really not an issue.
         | 
         | https://www.uk-water-filters.co.uk/pages/areas-with-fluoride...
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | Think slightly more broadly about the issue.
         | 
         | For context... some people think statins should be put in the
         | water. Maybe they should. But were does mass medication of the
         | people stop?
        
           | maleldil wrote:
           | It stops when we run out of easy things that can be done to
           | improve the lives of people. It's not that hard.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | And when you get a tyrant at the top? Every capability you
             | give the government needs to be viewed through the lens of
             | "what happens when we get a really really bad leader?". If
             | you haven't been paying attention, the majority of
             | countries have had at least one really really bad leader
             | over the past few hundred years. Many have one _right now_.
        
               | maleldil wrote:
               | If you're always looking at things through that lens, the
               | government can never do anything at all, and you'll be
               | left with "complete freedom" to just die from easily
               | preventable issues.
               | 
               | There's absolutely no need to resort to a slippery slope
               | here. We have plenty of examples around the world for
               | things that work without anyone invoking a boogeyman.
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | They can, you just have to look at each issue and it's
               | costs and benefits and risks over time. You desperately
               | want to world to be simple. It isn't. There is a slippery
               | slope, you can stand on it but you want to have some
               | concept of what happens when you slip.
               | 
               | There are examples of the boogeyman existing in real life
               | - just 80 years ago we had one of the worst. Right now we
               | have some boogeymen although not Hitler level. Get a
               | little historical perspective.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | Does filtering your water with a whole house filter take the
       | fluoride out?
       | 
       | Because I live in a small township that delivers well water to
       | you tap. It tastes horrible, shortens the life of pipes and
       | appliances, and smells like sulfur.
       | 
       | Every year they mail a flyer that explains how the lead levels
       | are dangerously above the national standard and you should run
       | the tap before you drink from it.
       | 
       | Like, sorry there's nothing we can do about it. =(
        
         | ein0p wrote:
         | If it's reverse osmosis based, yes. If it's some other kind of
         | filter, likely no, and you should buy a TDS meter and use it,
         | because in all likelihood it's not really filtering anything. I
         | did exactly this. It turned out that my carbon based filter had
         | more TDS than completely unfiltered water from a tap in the
         | garden. RO water, even re-mineralized, had 1/15th the TDS IIRC.
        
           | mortos wrote:
           | TDS is just Total Dissolved Solids. What solids though you
           | don't know and you could be adding carbon while removing
           | others which is likely the case.
           | 
           | Also those dinky little TDS meters don't even measure TDS.
           | They measure electrical conductivity and with a little math
           | they use the EC as a proxy for TDS. It's typically only
           | calibrated to one specific ion, others will be off by some
           | factor. Also keep in mind TDS is expressed in PPM as CaCO3.
        
         | alabastervlog wrote:
         | > Because I live in a small township that delivers well water
         | to you tap. It tastes horrible, shortens the life of pipes and
         | appliances, and smells like sulfur.
         | 
         | Oh man, I used to live in a place like this. You could _smell_
         | if a restaurant served filtered water (lots filter for the soda
         | machine, to keep mineralization in it down I assume, and use
         | the same water to serve) or straight from the tap, without
         | taking a drink. Like with your nose six inches above the cup,
         | you could smell it. Luckily, almost all served filtered.
        
         | Quarrel wrote:
         | I looked in to this recently.
         | 
         | Turns out that carbon filters do filter fluoride, but only on
         | the first few X litres of water, where X is in the first 0.01%
         | or so of their expected lifespan. So, they do, but not really
         | usefully in any sense.
         | 
         | My filter that I wanted to know about (so that my kid is
         | getting fluoride) is a 2-stage filter, with the other stage
         | being a particle filter, but fluoride is very small and
         | unaffected.
         | 
         | Your filter might be different of course.
         | 
         | FWIW, in my city, the water has essentially zero fluoride if it
         | isn't added, and it has been a great intervention.
        
       | adrr wrote:
       | Utah has naturally occurring fluoride in their water and some
       | water systems its more than double(2.0mg/l) what they add to
       | prevent dental issues. Why were they fluorinating their water?
       | 
       | https://cascadefamily.com/images/WaterFluoridationLevelsUtah...
        
         | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
         | Ok, but then you just say, we have enough naturally occurring
         | fluoride. Adding more is just a waste of money.
         | 
         | Or, toothpaste has enough extra fluoride, adding it to water is
         | just a waste of money.
         | 
         | This is not that. This is the US health system being lead by a
         | bunch of woo-woo people who don't understand how research
         | works.
        
           | lurk2 wrote:
           | > This is the US health system being lead by a bunch of woo-
           | woo people who don't understand how research works.
           | 
           | The majority of the developed world does not fluoridate their
           | water supply. The US has one of the highest rates of
           | fluoridation in the developed world. Within America,
           | fluoridation rates are highest on the East Coast and in the
           | South, and lowest on the Left Coast.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | There's also fluoride salt added to table salt that is
             | widely used to accomplish the same thing as fluoridating
             | water.
             | 
             | https://www.acffglobal.org/salt-fluoridation/
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | I am saying it's weird to fluoridate water in areas with high
           | levels of naturally occurring fluoride. Also to point out
           | that there is naturally occurring fluoride. If Utah believed
           | fluoride was a health risk, why aren't they spending tens of
           | millions to filter it out. Or is it just virtue signaling.
        
           | starfezzy wrote:
           | The people leading the health system are highly credentialed.
           | Moreover, highly credentialed people, in medicine as in all
           | fields, frequently disagree on what studies show, how valid a
           | study is, what it's flaws and limits are, how conclusive it
           | is, and so forth. And the consensus has a long, time honored
           | tradition of being wrong from time to time.
           | 
           | Ultimately, the woo woo people are the ones who rely on
           | someone in a labcoat to tell them whether ingesting
           | government approved (there's your first red flag) synthetic
           | fluoride from industrial byproducts is "necessary".
           | 
           | If it's useful, brushing it onto your teeth and into your
           | gums 56,000 times in your life is probably sufficient,
           | particularly given that we don't know with absolute certainty
           | beyond any shadow of a doubt that the industrial waste
           | options are totally without health consequences. I'll
           | literally just take care of my teeth and cross my fingers
           | over listening to modern medical consensus on a range of
           | topics where I simply trust intuition and common sense more.
        
         | thayne wrote:
         | Most places in Utah already don't add flouride to water. So why
         | pass a law to ban it?
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Virtue signaling.
        
         | driverdan wrote:
         | That's not how it works. There is an ideal amount of fluoride.
         | If the natural amount is lower more is added. If it's higher
         | the extra is removed.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | It is trivial today to get whatever level of fluoride is
       | recommended for dental health, via toothpaste. So there is no
       | compelling need to fluoridate as there exist viable alternatives
       | to achieve the same that fluoridation is for any other purpose
       | than dental health.
       | 
       | In the USA, dental care is not covered by public insurance, and
       | is an optional add-on to insurance through one's employer.
       | 
       | So without addressing at all whether fluoridation is effective or
       | safe, there doesn't seem to be any compelling need to fluoridate
       | public water, and there's no economic down side for the public if
       | governments choose not to do so.
       | 
       | Given this, why not just leave people alone to make their own
       | choices? If the citizens in a city or state want to fluoridate
       | the public water supply, then do so; if they choose not to, then
       | leave them alone. It's a free country and voters are grownups;
       | let them choose for themselves.
       | 
       | If you live in a place that chooses the choice you dislike but
       | for some reason fluoridated public water supply is a critical
       | issue for you, either campaign to change it or vote with your
       | feet.
       | 
       | This issue just doesn't seem important enough to me to spend any
       | effort arguing either way.
        
         | gazook89 wrote:
         | > via toothpaste.
         | 
         | I wonder how many people really brush their teeth on a regular
         | basis.
         | 
         | > either campaign to change it or vote with your feet.
         | 
         | I imagine that campaigning to change it requires notifying
         | people there is a problem, and getting it into the news and
         | spreading that news.
        
           | timewizard wrote:
           | > I wonder how many people really brush their teeth on a
           | regular basis.
           | 
           | Whatever the number is it's not appropriate for the state to
           | medically intervene on their behalf.
        
             | MajimasEyepatch wrote:
             | Why not?
        
               | Quarrel wrote:
               | Perhaps, sadly, because if the State doesn't have to pick
               | up the costs in health care, as in large parts of the
               | developed world, then they lose their incentive to be
               | proactive in addressing health issues.
               | 
               | In countries with some form of universal health care,
               | simple proactive health interventions can save the State
               | large amounts of money.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | In theory health insurance in the US has the same
               | incentive. But it's cheaper to deny preventative care
               | _and_ then deny or minimize or cap coverage later on.
        
               | efitz wrote:
               | Why is a one-size-fits-all state intervention that
               | assumes or targets the least responsible people
               | appropriate?
               | 
               | Why is it appropriate especially in light of many people
               | actively opposing the intervention?
               | 
               | These are questions about what is the proper relationship
               | between the state and the citizen.
               | 
               | And they are a litmus test for current political belief
               | bifurcation in the US.
        
           | dawnerd wrote:
           | Sadly people that don't brush are probably not drinking plain
           | water either.
        
             | efitz wrote:
             | I was thinking the same thought- maybe we should fluoridate
             | Brawndo :-)
        
             | preisschild wrote:
             | Thats not really true. I had problems brushing during my
             | childhood, because most toothpastes triggered my gag
             | reflex, but I mostly drank tap water.
        
         | nozzlegear wrote:
         | I think one thing you're not considering (especially when you
         | say we should vote with our feet) is poverty. It's true that
         | fluoride toothpaste is widely available, but for people in
         | poverty, of which there are millions in our country, basic
         | hygiene items like toothpaste and a toothbrush aren't
         | guaranteed. Neither is it guaranteed that everyone has a
         | perfect daily brushing habit like the dentist tells us; there
         | are people who don't brush every day, or even every week.
         | 
         | You talked about dental care not being covered by public
         | insurance -- is it not worth considering that some basic level
         | of dental care is already being applied to the country via
         | fluoridation? It's a minimal, cost-effective way to prevent
         | tooth decay at scale. Fluoridated water is one of the few
         | dental protections available to everyone regardless of their
         | income.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | If you're not brushing your teeth, periodontitis will get
           | you; the resulting bone decay will cause your teeth will fall
           | out. But sure, great, the water was fluoridated, so I guess
           | it's nice that those now-missing teeth are free of caries?
        
             | nozzlegear wrote:
             | I really don't feel like you're interpreting my comment in
             | good faith. Do you really think I was arguing that poor
             | people literally never brush their teeth, and every single
             | poor person in the country will eventually suffer from
             | periodontitis? If you read my comment again, I'm sure you
             | could find a way to engage in better faith.
        
             | iamtheworstdev wrote:
             | there are people who own a toothbrush but do not purchase
             | toothpaste. money is not something everyone has and when
             | you start having to choose between certain things, tough
             | choices get made.
        
           | wtcactus wrote:
           | I don't believe there's a single person in the USA that's so
           | poor they can't pay $3 for toothpaste every 3 months. I also
           | believe that having such a low personal hygiene where you
           | don't brush your teeth altogether, even if you drink water
           | with fluoride, will have terrible results anyway for your
           | teeth anyway.
           | 
           | I'm completely sure that any people that don't brush their
           | teeth is just because they are too lazy to even bother.
           | 
           | This trope of justifying everything with "but there are
           | millions of poor people in the USA" is really tiresome.
        
             | akutlay wrote:
             | It's not that they can't afford a $3 toothpaste, it is the
             | environment they are in that makes it hard to prioritize
             | things like this. It is the education and the overall life
             | quality (or the lack there of) that causes this problem.
        
         | shmerl wrote:
         | In general it's some weird relic of medieval view on dentists
         | not being medical professionals but someone akin to barbers. It
         | shouldn't exits but it persists.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | > This issue just doesn't seem important enough to me to spend
         | any effort arguing either way.
         | 
         | Your comment is well-stated, and in the spirit of a free and
         | liberal society. The problem--not with your argument, but with
         | the world--is that today there seems to be literally no issue
         | unimportant enough not to argue about, or use as the
         | battlefield for an unending ideological proxy war. My guess is
         | that few of the people arguing this issue on HN have strong
         | feelings about flouride _qua_ flouride, but have strong
         | feelings about the _kinds of people_ they believe oppose or
         | support the use of flouride in water, and this notion is what
         | they 're really railing against.
        
           | HEmanZ wrote:
           | This rings true for my gut reaction. The family and
           | acquaintances in my life who have been up in arms against
           | fluoride for years now are actual neo nzs (like "deport all
           | non whites", "you-know-who controls america", "superiority of
           | the white race" level).
           | 
           | So my instinct is to really be afraid of this anti-fluoride
           | wave, even tho practically I don't care one way or another.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | Trivial is what we have now. Taking fluoride from the water
         | means people will have to spend extra time and money on
         | fluoride and dental treatments. When I viewed it, your comment
         | appeared directly after this one
         | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43524171), which talks
         | about a town in Canada that voted to abandon fluoride , saw
         | worse health outcomes, and then voted to reinstate it. This
         | tells us that fluoride is _not_ trivially available to people,
         | and taking it away from them enriches corporations while making
         | people less healthy.
        
       | ryao wrote:
       | Fluoride in Toothpaste: Do not ingest.
       | 
       | Flouride in Water: Ingest away.
       | 
       | I do not understand how these two can co-exist.
        
         | malcolmgreaves wrote:
         | Concentrations.
        
         | christianqchung wrote:
         | Radioactive isotopes in nuclear fuel: do not ingest.
         | 
         | Radioactive isotopes in banana: consume away.
         | 
         | Understand now? I'm not even defending anything other than how
         | two things that vaguely appear contradictory, are in fact, not.
        
           | zmgsabst wrote:
           | I don't.
           | 
           | Because your banana example doesn't have additives meant to
           | be reactive -- so is unlike adding fluoride to water at
           | levels which impact dental health.
        
             | varenc wrote:
             | It's the concentration that matters. Toothpaste has over
             | 1000x the concentration of fluoride vs 0.7mg/L as tap
             | water. Many well water sources have naturally occurring
             | fluoride that exceeds the additive levels.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | Very low concentrations of medicine are usually
               | ineffective at its stated purpose outside of pseudo
               | scientific theories, so even if it is safe to ingest, it
               | is not clear it is able to do anything for people's
               | teeth.
               | 
               | That is why I do not understand how the two can co-exist.
               | Either the concentration is so low that drinking it for
               | dental health is pointless, or it is not something people
               | should be drinking. If there was a middle ground, we
               | would have a 1 a day pill for this and not bother
               | brushing our teeth or putting fluoride in water.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > If there was a middle ground, we would have a 1 a day
               | pill for this
               | 
               | We do; fluoride tablets are common.
               | 
               | > and not bother brushing our teeth
               | 
               | Brushing your teeth does a lot of things besides applying
               | fluoride to the surface. It's mostly about getting stuff
               | that's already there _off_ the surface.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | My initial searches suggest that these are by
               | prescription only. Do you have any information to the
               | contrary? I did find toothpaste tablets, but those are
               | meant to be used as toothpaste from what I can tell.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > My initial searches suggest that these are by
               | prescription only. Do you have any information to the
               | contrary?
               | 
               | No, I don't. Does that matter?
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | This is not a one a day pill then. If ingesting it is
               | regulated, that would be consistent with it not being
               | something regular people should ingest regularly.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | It is exactly a one a day pill. What are you imagining?
        
             | almog wrote:
             | Maybe another example will help?
             | 
             | Chlorine for water treatment in the backcountry when
             | applied to a liter of water: Ingest.
             | 
             | Chlorine straight from a household bleach bottle: Do not
             | ingest.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Fluorine is a dietary mineral.
         | 
         | At higher dosages, _every_ dietary mineral becomes harmful,
         | then (generally) lethal.
         | 
         | Without iron, humans die. Yet accidental (over-)ingestion of
         | iron supplements is a leading cause of poisoning in small
         | children.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Pretty sure I read that fluoridation is a communist plot to
       | undermine American public health [1].
       | 
       | Sorry, that was the John Birch Society from the 1960's.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_water_fluoridati...
       | 
       | (I'm having some fun, but it is in fact the first thing that
       | comes to mind when I hear objections to fluoridated water. Since
       | we're talking about RFK and Utah, I kind of assume it more or
       | less stems from the same fears.)
        
         | thakoppno wrote:
         | > Fluoridation is the most monstrously conceived and dangerous
         | communist plot we have ever had to face.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | Ice cream, Mandrake. _Children 's ice cream_.
        
             | thakoppno wrote:
             | It's just sublime to me the cadence and intonation Sterling
             | Hayden uses pronouncing Mandrake.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | Fluoridation is literally one of the most successful efforts at
       | improving public health in history. Dental health is keystone to
       | general health.
       | 
       | The idea that the conspiracy theorists are winning the public
       | policy debate enrages me. There's rock solid proof of the
       | benefits of fluoridation extending decades, and there is little
       | to no proof of any adverse side effects.
       | 
       | Oh well, good luck Utah. I'm glad I don't live there, but if I
       | were a young dentist, I know where I'd set up my new practice.
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | Well you can buy as much fluoride paste as you like and add it
         | to your own water.
        
       | lunarboy wrote:
       | According to these "it lowers kids IQ" people, is the average IQ
       | of Hawaiian kids higher than other states?
        
         | bigmadshoe wrote:
         | There are latent variables there. You can't just compare the IQ
         | of two areas and only isolate a single variable out of
         | thousands.
        
       | beezle wrote:
       | Funny, I watched Dr. Strangelove two weeks ago. POE!
        
       | fungiblecog wrote:
       | Fluoride in water wouldn't be necessary is sugary drinks were
       | taxed heavily (or just banned altogether) and dental care was
       | affordable. But obviously that's considered communism if you're a
       | typical american.
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | Or you could just put fluoride in the sugary drinks.
        
       | donnachangstein wrote:
       | Before someone tries to pin this as a decisively left-right
       | political issue, Portland, Oregon has been virulently anti-
       | fluoride for over 70 years (which is probably the last time
       | Portland and Utah agreed on anything):
       | 
       | https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2013/05/portland_fluorid...
       | 
       | Portland is a bit odd when it comes to water; they drained an
       | entire (uncovered, open to the elements) city reservoir because a
       | guy peed in it. True story. I assume they have signs for the
       | birds flying aloft to not defecate over the reservoir.
       | 
       | Edit: It appears many posts all over this thread are being
       | brigaded with downvotes. Why? Is Big Fluoride in trouble? Grow
       | up. You people are brain damaged (possibly from fluoride).
        
       | shortrounddev2 wrote:
       | I truly don't care one way or the other on the dental advantage
       | that fluoride offers in drinking water, or the alleged risks it
       | poses to the IQ of unborn children. I simply hate the fact that
       | public policy is now being driven by what are essentially New
       | World Order conspiracy theorists
        
       | piuantiderp wrote:
       | Book by Christopher Bryson. Needed context
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | I think it's worth reminding people of Occam's Razor, and the
       | point of it is: a simple explanation is often better than a
       | complicated one.
       | 
       | The US has had water fluoridation for 65 years, affecting 346
       | million people. That's a pretty big god damn sample size and long
       | amount of time in which to observe effects. If we still have no
       | proof of significant negative health effects, _it 's probably not
       | bad for you_.
       | 
       | That said: you can always lower the amount of fluoride if it
       | turns out the local area already gets a lot of fluoride from
       | other sources. You don't need to _ban_ it, you can just lower the
       | levels.
       | 
       | So please don't defend this decision by Utah. They're being
       | children.
        
         | AuryGlenz wrote:
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/...
        
         | ckw wrote:
         | Using a prospective Canadian birth cohort, we found that
         | estimated maternal exposure to higher fluoride levels during
         | pregnancy was associated with lower IQ scores in children. This
         | association was supported by converging findings from 2
         | measures of fluoride exposure during pregnancy. A difference in
         | MUFSG spanning the interquartile range for the entire sample
         | (ie, 0.33 mg/L), which is roughly the difference in MUFSG
         | concentration for pregnant women living in a fluoridated vs a
         | nonfluoridated community, was associated with a 1.5-point IQ
         | decrement among boys. An increment of 0.70 mg/L in MUFSG
         | concentration was associated with a 3-point IQ decrement in
         | boys; about half of the women living in a fluoridated community
         | have a MUFSG equal to or greater than 0.70 mg/L. These results
         | did not change appreciably after controlling for other key
         | exposures such as lead, arsenic, and mercury.            To our
         | knowledge, this study is the first to estimate fluoride
         | exposure in a large birth cohort receiving optimally
         | fluoridated water. These findings are consistent with that of a
         | Mexican birth cohort study that reported a 6.3 decrement in IQ
         | in preschool-aged children compared with a 4.5 decrement for
         | boys in our study for every 1 mg/L of MUF.10 The findings of
         | the current study are also concordant with ecologic studies
         | that have shown an association between higher levels of
         | fluoride exposure and lower intellectual abilities in
         | children.7,8,26 Collectively, these findings support that
         | fluoride exposure during pregnancy may be associated with
         | neurocognitive deficits.
         | 
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/...
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | 1. IQ is not an objective measurement, it is inherently
           | flawed
           | 
           | 2. A 1.5-3 IQ level difference is not noticeable in any
           | practical way. Things like _birth order_ have a more
           | significant impact on IQ.
           | 
           | 3. Comparing Canadian children to Mexican is pretty dramatic,
           | like comparing rich kids to poor kids; you will _always_ see
           | a marked difference between the two, in intelligence, in
           | health, in crime, in all sorts of things. Mexican communities
           | often over-fluoridate their water (I know because I grew up
           | in Mexico and my teeth are stained because of it). Again,
           | _this is no reason to ban it, just lower it_.
           | 
           | This finding is a _suggestion_ of a link, it 's not empirical
           | proof. The methods and findings have many questionable
           | aspects. You can always find some paper that suggests
           | something random like vegetables are bad for you or
           | something. One paper does not a water-tight case make.
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | > The US has had water fluoridation for 65 years, affecting 346
         | million people. That's a pretty big god damn sample size and
         | long amount of time in which to observe effects. If we still
         | have no proof of significant negative health effects, it's
         | probably not bad for you.
         | 
         | The problem is there will have been a lot of confounders.
         | 
         | E.g. despite huge sample sizes, isolating the cause of the
         | obesity crisis is too hard because so many different things
         | changed at once.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | Sure, it's not easy to find a smoking gun. That doesn't mean
           | we go _all in_ on whatever we think _might be_ the issue (if
           | there even _is_ an issue).
           | 
           | The answer to the obesity crisis wasn't to ban Pizza. We
           | don't we ban sodas and junk food at schools, which we _know_
           | would have a positive impact on health. But we do ban
           | fluoride, _without_ proof that it will help? With actually
           | the only scientific proof being that it would be
           | _detrimental_ to remove?
           | 
           | If people's concern is really that it might slightly lower
           | IQ, consider that 1) IQ has been steadily increasing since
           | the 40's, and 2) you can get better IQ by _investing in
           | education_ , something that we do an embarrassing job of
           | already and need to improve on.
           | 
           | The other concern touted is that it might cause cancer. As we
           | well know by now, nearly _everything_ causes cancer.
           | 
           | Banning fluoride is just a move by politicians to take
           | advantage of ignorant scared people to drum up more
           | votes/support. It's like every other action they take to
           | vilify something scary or unknown and then claim victory over
           | the evil thing they purged. This isn't new, either - this
           | clearly partisan stance was being pointed out in the 1950's
           | when it was first being considered for nationwide use.
           | 
           |  _" After more than 70 years of investigation, there are
           | still questions about how effective water fluoridation is at
           | preventing dental decay and whether the possible risks are
           | worth the benefits. Although water fluoridation undoubtedly
           | did improve the dental health of many children in the 1960s
           | and 1970s, fluoride proponents were perhaps too hasty in
           | declaring that community water fluoridation was the best (or
           | only) solution for dental decay. A less fractious debate
           | might have encouraged a more open discussion in which the
           | possible harms could have been more fully discussed and other
           | options, such as providing fluoridated toothpaste, more fully
           | considered."_ -
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4504307/
        
       | hayst4ck wrote:
       | Putting fluoride in water promotes freedom. That sounds crazy,
       | but let me justify it.
       | 
       | If you are poor you can't go anywhere or buy anything. You're not
       | free if you're poor. If you are sick, you may be confined to a
       | hospital bed or not feel good enough to do anything. If you are
       | sick you're not free.
       | 
       | Putting fluoride in water reduces dental costs and incidence of
       | cavities and therefore tooth infections, particularly among
       | societies poorest. Therefore, due to fluoridation in water some
       | people are less sick and have more money and therefore are more
       | free.
       | 
       | The contrasting view is that putting fluoride in water is
       | literally medicating people without their affirmative consent. It
       | is the government forcing you to take a medication. It is
       | coercive and therefore an attack on your freedom to not take
       | medication. It is the government interfering in your life.
       | 
       | The contrast between positive freedom, the freedom to do
       | something, and negative freedom, the freedom from interference in
       | your life, is the core political argument in America right now.
       | Negative freedom, freedom from government interference, is being
       | promoted by those seeking to weaken the government enough to
       | supplant it. People who are poor and sick are likely unable to
       | stand up for themselves or participate in solidarity against
       | authority. This individual issue is relatively small, but you
       | take 100's of issues like this, and the effect is to create a
       | class of people who aren't able to do anything but be obedient
       | workers.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | > The contrast between positive freedom, the freedom to do
         | something, and negative freedom, the freedom from interference
         | in your life, is the core political argument in America right
         | now.
         | 
         | Interesing take but I don't buy this part at all. The core
         | political argument in the US is epistemological. What's real
         | and what counts as true? There are some axiological differences
         | but I think they are minor in comparison to not being able to
         | agree on how the world is in the first place.
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | It seems to be that the battleground is epistemological, but
           | not so much the argument. The difference being that Trump
           | uses 'claims of truth' without any care of how true they are.
           | 
           | I feel the majority of epistemological disagreement is the
           | result of propaganda (not exclusively from MAGA). With only a
           | small bit that is actually a disagreement on core values.
           | Suchs true disagreement does exist, but it is no longer what
           | the political discourse is about.
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | That sounds like what I meant.
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | Perhaps, vitamins, micro doses of aspirin, and other low level
         | medical treatments should also be added to water, for the
         | benefit of the silent poor and sick.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | Like the vitamins and minerals added to cereals/milk or the
           | iodine added to salt?
        
             | pipes wrote:
             | Or the iron that I wish they wouldn't add as it means I
             | can't eat them due to my medical condition.
        
             | aikinai wrote:
             | Those don't have a monopoly.
        
           | hkt wrote:
           | Are they silent, or just not being represented by the
           | American press?
        
           | mptest wrote:
           | Or even crazier, hear me out, maybe we can just let people
           | have healthcare without cost-gating it? Like oh idk, every
           | other even semi-wealthy nation in the world _except_ the one
           | where measles is making a comeback?
        
             | starspangled wrote:
             | What do you mean by "without cost-gating"?
             | 
             | Public healthcare systems in other countries have
             | procedures they don't cover, and significant wait periods
             | (i.e., shortages) to see doctors and specialists and have
             | procedures done. Because of the cost.
             | 
             | I'm not saying they aren't better than America's, but the
             | idea you can just _let_ people have it and not worry about
             | costs isn 't true. Health is like around quarter of entire
             | government expenditure, it's fantastically expensive.
             | Around the same amount of welfare expenditure, so you could
             | double the number of people receiving welfare or double the
             | amount that welfare recipients get for the same price, for
             | example, which would be lifechanging for millions of the
             | poorest and most disadvantaged people.
             | 
             | > except the one where measles is making a comeback?
             | 
             | Measles is growing globally. In the "European region" there
             | were double the number of measles cases in 2024 as there
             | were in 2023. https://www.unicef.org/press-
             | releases/european-region-report...
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | >what do you mean by that
               | 
               | I mean, raise taxes on businesses (wanna guess how many
               | walmart employees are on government aid, i.e how much we
               | tax payers are directly subsidizing their exorbitant
               | profits while they pay their employees below a living
               | wage?)Tax the rich, (3 individuals hoard more wealth than
               | 50% of the country combined) + Cut some large percentage
               | of insurance jobs, military spending, and use that money
               | to provide healthcare to every american, without spending
               | time and money making sure they're poor before we deign
               | them able to receive help. really, it's quite simple.
               | 
               | >Public healthcare systems in other countries have
               | procedures they don't cover, and significant wait periods
               | (i.e., shortages) to see doctors and specialists and have
               | procedures done.
               | 
               | Agreed there. Ever wonder why?
               | 
               | Taking your point earnestly for a moment, can you
               | earnestly tell me that's not _still_ miles better than
               | America, with more expensive outcomes, worse care
               | outcomes, _lowering life expectancy_ compared to poorer
               | nations, record maternal mortality rates, and tons of
               | medical bankruptcies?[2]
               | 
               | Cmon, be serious. Go fund me is one of the bigger health
               | insurance systems in the country.[3] Btw, medicare for
               | all saves tremendous amounts of money vs our current
               | system.[1] Much like ubi, the science is clear, but the
               | rich and the naive are too brainwashed or dumb by the
               | propaganda of the oligarchy owned media to think
               | American's deserve healthcare, housing, a dignified life.
               | 
               | Seriously, Compare your "worst case" to america, where
               | people simply can't afford to see the specialists, or get
               | the procedures at ALL. I know which one I would have and
               | my opinion is backed by the sentiment, and empirical data
               | of, like I said, literally every even half developed
               | nation in the world. Your can offer nothing against this.
               | It's simply fact.
               | 
               | That's not even to speak about women dying from things
               | like birth complications because their draconian state
               | let the theocratic fascists dictate what a women and
               | their doctor can and can't do with their own body.[0]
               | 
               | >because of the cost
               | 
               | Drastic, brazen or glib misunderstanding of history and
               | politics. Throughout conservative governments, from
               | reagan to thatcher to bush to trump, the objective of
               | these ayn rand reading dummies, (read, austerity
               | politicians) are as follows:
               | 
               | 1. cut funding to vital social agency.
               | 
               | 2. point to resulting difficulties as proof it's a silly
               | system.
               | 
               | 3. sell it off to private corporations and get hefty
               | kickbacks.
               | 
               | THAT is what causes all of the (still lesser than ours)
               | problems you lament.
               | 
               | >the idea you can just let people have it and not worry
               | about costs isn't true
               | 
               | Where did I say that again?
               | 
               | Man, if only someone had thought of that. If only we had
               | a 1% that controls almost 40% of the wealth in this
               | country. We could raise taxes to pay for such a program.
               | Btw, I reiterate, every study, (even from neocon think
               | tanks) recognize it would save us hundreds of billions.)
               | But austerity/conservative politicians don't want to
               | improve the lives of us, they want to enrich their fellow
               | oligarchs.
               | 
               | Even thinking about this for a second will validate the
               | notion. Instead of hundreds and thousands of employees
               | whose job it is to give the least care to the least
               | people for profit, maybe spend that money oh, idk, giving
               | people healthcare? How much healthcare could've been
               | provided from Luigi's _cough_ victim 's salary? If
               | instead of getting paid millions to use AI to deny
               | healthcare to those in need, that money was oh idk, spent
               | on healthcare?
               | 
               | >Health is like around quarter of entire government
               | expenditure, it's fantastically expensive.
               | 
               | Gee, I wonder what the cause of that is. Oh wait, I know
               | this one too. Pretty common conservative talking point.
               | Have you heard of the phrase "an ounce of prevention is
               | worth a pound of cure?"
               | 
               | Do you think a system where people are afraid to go to
               | the dr for economic reasons contribute at all to the
               | drastic healthcare expenses? I know someone that works as
               | an ER nurse, people do not come in til they're at deaths
               | door, with an issue that would have been remedied for a
               | 100th the cost had they simply been able to see a doctor
               | when first troubled. And again, all studies point to
               | medicare for all saving hundreds of billions vs our
               | current system.[1]
               | 
               | >Around the same amount of welfare expenditure, so you
               | could double the number of people receiving welfare or
               | double the amount that welfare recipients get for the
               | same price, for example, which would be lifechanging for
               | millions of the poorest and most disadvantaged people.
               | 
               | Or we could idk, just stop wasting money on evil "who
               | deserves help" jobs and just you know, give that money
               | directly to the people our government is supposed to
               | improve the lives of? This goes for welfare, healthcare,
               | unemployment, etc, too. How much of our social safety
               | nets' budgets are spent in bureaucrats meant to make it
               | difficult to get those benefits? To subsidize billion $
               | corporations? To bail out banks who speculated on
               | subprime mortgages? To fund a $9T war on terror that did
               | nothing but make us more enemies?
               | 
               | [0] https://steady.substack.com/p/women-in-texas-are-
               | dying
               | 
               | [1]https://www.commondreams.org/news/medicare-for-all-
               | introduce...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.pnhp.org/docs/AJPHBankruptcy2019.pdf
               | 
               | [3] https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/02/go
               | fundme-...
        
               | starspangled wrote:
               | This is a fairly unhinged reply to my quite specific
               | question and comment. Pretty rude saying things like this
               | 
               | > Drastic, brazen or glib misunderstanding of history and
               | politics
               | 
               | while pretending you weren't just spouting on about
               | measels htat you had no idea about.
               | 
               | Healthcare is extremely expensive and taxing more won't
               | magically make costs irrelevant or the cost of healthcare
               | having to be weighed against other important and
               | worthwhile government expenditure like welfare. That's
               | just the reality of it no matter how much you're going to
               | prattle on.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Apparently the US spends twice on healthcare for the same
               | outcomes compared to comparable nations with universal
               | healthcare. Therefore the concern about costs does not
               | add up.
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | Yeah, almost like he's a dishonest fool at best, or
               | propagandist who will do anything to avoid acknowledging
               | the simple, universally backed by data assertion that
               | healthcare for all is cheaper, provides better outcomes,
               | and the source of the problems of universal systems -
               | austerity politicians who's m.o i laid out plainly.
               | Defund, claim it doesn't work, privatize.
               | 
               | Complains I didn't answer every one of his points AND
               | that my response was too long. Clearly a dishonest
               | propagandist or a fool.
        
               | starspangled wrote:
               | > Apparently the US spends twice on healthcare for the
               | same outcomes compared to comparable nations with
               | universal healthcare.
               | 
               | Sure, but I was talking about costs in other developed
               | countries, not USA. Healthcare in Australia is about 1/4
               | of government expenditure with welfare being another 1/4,
               | for example.
               | 
               | > Therefore the concern about costs does not add up.
               | 
               | Non-sequitur. Costs obviously do and I explained in very
               | simple terms why (e.g., you could _double_ welfare
               | payments for about the same cost). Please explain your
               | reasoning if you want to support the claim that cost is
               | not a concern.
        
               | caseyy wrote:
               | Being kind and civil with your words would strengthen
               | your message.
        
               | mptest wrote:
               | Disagreed, If you need soft kind words to believe the guy
               | telling you the sky is blue over the guy speaking softer
               | but telling you the sky is red, you're the problem, not
               | me.
               | 
               | I respond in good faith until the other party shows
               | themselves not to be, and his glib rhetoric of "what do
               | you mean, cost-gated?" while in the next sentence
               | demonstrating he knows exactly what I'm speaking of - a
               | public healthcare option - made it clear what type of
               | person I was dealing with, and it wasn't a good faith
               | commenter.
               | 
               | I've heard every argument that guy made and can make 1000
               | times over from fox news talking heads or an equivalent
               | level person.
               | 
               | What strengthens _my_ positions are, well, the
               | truthfulness of them. All of the facts and studies
               | support my message, playing nice with a bad faith
               | commenter has no bearing on any of the facts I presented.
               | 
               | Not to mention he calls a thought out, four citation
               | response "unhinged prattle" because he refuses to engage
               | with any of my responses (he knows i'm right) to his
               | dishonest comment. It's the conservative m.o, I've seen
               | it a thousand times.
               | 
               | If you can't/won't accept reality because there was some
               | extremely mild condescension, that's on you. Plus that
               | guy deserved no good faith, I've heard his exact comment
               | from every conservative talking head for a decade+, I
               | _know_ guys like him backwards to forwards (politically)
        
           | danparsonson wrote:
           | The trouble with slippery slopes is that they carry you away
           | from productive discussion.
        
             | verisimi wrote:
             | One man's slippery slope, is another man's exploration of
             | an idea. I don't think exploring widely is unproductive.
             | 
             | I could also say, that discussing slippery slopes (a
             | linguistic discussion) is itself what moves the discussion
             | too far from the original topic. You protest too much.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | The trouble with slippery slopes is that not all of them
             | are fallacious, as you are suggesting. This is a reasonable
             | point: if we are doing delivery of medicine through tap
             | water, where's the line? A few people have seriously
             | suggested putting low doses of lithium in the tap water as
             | a societal antidepressant.
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | The line is where we've drawn it now - nothing has
               | changed in decades. A few people suggest all kinds of
               | things, that doesn't make them at imminent risk of
               | happening.
        
           | pathartl wrote:
           | Should we not treat water at all? Should we instead all like
           | off ground water or rivers and lakes?
        
             | verisimi wrote:
             | Do you think there's a difference between a/ treating water
             | to make it clean and b/ adding minerals and vitamins for
             | the benefit of others, whether they want it or not?
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Not really. I'm sure some people want distilled water to
               | come out of their tap. You can't provide any service to a
               | large group of people without giving some of them
               | something they don't want in some way or another.
        
           | sambeau wrote:
           | Here in the U.K. at least, vitamins are added to many of the
           | basic foods: like breakfast cereal and bread.
           | 
           | Putting aspirin in the water would be incredibly dangerous:
           | brain bleeds and stomach ulcers would quickly knock out any
           | other health benefits.
        
           | Ferret7446 wrote:
           | The difference is that fluoride is effectively an industrial
           | waste product and thus it benefits multiple parties to use
           | it. If vitamins were also an industrial waste product, we
           | would indeed be adding them to lots of things.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >The difference is that fluoride is effectively an
             | industrial waste product and thus it benefits multiple
             | parties to use it
             | 
             | Source? Moreover, how much of a market can municipal water
             | fluoridation create that companies would bother lobbying
             | for it?
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | I can't help but come away from this conversation with the
           | impression that you people are talking about livestock and
           | not human individuals with rights to their own body and
           | bodily autonomy. This to me is straight out of the
           | nazi/communist/fascist type of mindset.
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | Same question but for giardia. Natural water from the river
           | doesn't pass through filters that Science built.
        
         | pipes wrote:
         | "freedom from government interference, is being promoted by
         | those seeking to weaken the government enough to supplant it"
         | 
         | That is a very big generalisation. There are many legitimate
         | reasons for reducing government interference and reducing the
         | size of government.
        
           | danparsonson wrote:
           | No it isn't - OP didn't say everyone who promotes that idea
           | wants to weaken the government, but rather those who wish to
           | weaken the government are promoting that idea.
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | Currently, there is a very effective push by people who want
           | to weaken the government enough to supplant it. They are
           | giving themselves ideological coverage by claiming they
           | protecting people from interference.
           | 
           | Is that a rephrasing you could live with?
        
         | artvandelai wrote:
         | Adding fluoride to water was revolutionary in the 1940s, but
         | its benefits have significantly declined since fluoride
         | toothpaste became common in the 1970s. While fluoridation made
         | sense when products containing fluoride weren't widely
         | available, it is much less effective and necessary now. Sure,
         | some countries and communities may still see benefits from it,
         | but widespread fluoridation doesn't seem necessary in many
         | parts of the world.
        
           | estebank wrote:
           | There's a huge difference between "no longer as necessary"
           | and "let's ban it".
        
             | theteapot wrote:
             | There is difference between banning and just deciding
             | putting fluoride in public drinking water too. Who are they
             | banning? Themselves?
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Water treatment is usually done at the municipal or
               | regional level. The state government is declaring that
               | towns and cities may not do this. The alternative would
               | be each and every municipal water authority deciding on
               | its own.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | The horror.
        
             | emmelaich wrote:
             | Yeah but anyone can buy fluoride toothpaste so not really
             | banned.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | Not really when it comes to government initiatives. They'd
             | like the water plants to stop adding fluoride, so they make
             | a policy that the plants should not add fluoride.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That wouldn't require a ban. The state banned it because
               | some towns wanted to add it to their water supply. It's
               | literally big government stopping the will of the people.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | Of course it does. Their goal was to stop it from being
               | added, including in said towns.
               | 
               | Policy makers make things happen by passing laws that
               | make it a requirement or provide financial incentives to
               | do it, and make things stop by outlawing it or taxing it.
               | It is what they are elected to do.
               | 
               | This is not "big government" - democracy does not mean
               | that small groups that disagree should be allowed to do
               | whatever they want, and water additives is a quite
               | signficant thing to mess with.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Democracy and big government aren't in opposition. Social
               | Security for example is extremely popular.
               | 
               | Letting small groups that disagree do what they want is
               | the definition of small government. Outlawing water
               | additives _is_ a significant thing to mess with, it's a
               | meaningful intrusion on people's heath and general
               | welfare.
               | 
               | What makes this entire thing silly is many areas of the
               | US ~11% naturally have fluoride levels high enough not to
               | need supplementation, but nobody seems to want to drop
               | that to some ultra low level when they argue for
               | outlawing adding fluoride. It's not an argument that
               | these levels are unhealthy, just the naturalist fallacy
               | in action. https://www.usgs.gov/publications/fluoride-
               | occurrence-united...
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | You can add fluoride in your own water if you want to.
             | Nobody is preventing your own freedom to drink fluoride.
        
               | ath3nd wrote:
               | Nobody's preventing you from going and finding your own
               | water source either. The government is too much of a
               | nanny state for putting flouride in water for public
               | health, but it's just fine for providing water to you in
               | the first place?
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | In the USA it's generally illegal to collect rain.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | That's definitely true for some places but how are you
               | measuring that? By population or perhaps state and
               | territory?
               | 
               | Where I live the city subsidizes rain collection barrels.
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | Where do you live where you can collect rain at a
               | quantity that would allow you to forgo central water?
               | 
               | I'm not talking about having a barrel. Most states don't
               | care about that quantity. I'm talking about storing on
               | the order of 10k gallons. A rain barrel is nothing. An
               | average family in the USA uses hundreds of gallons a day.
               | It doesn't rain daily so you'd need thousands of gallons.
               | Most states do not allow this, nor is it actually
               | feasible for everyone to do this due to space
               | constraints, which is why it's generally not allowed.
        
               | batch12 wrote:
               | My state provides rainwater collection guidance in the
               | plumbing code. We also have wells. I use a well.
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | Which state is this? Some states such as Massachusetts
               | and Maine, will allow you to have a well, but then you
               | cannot have central water. Thus, the dichotomy is
               | irrelevant since it's not like someone actually has a
               | choose, since it's done on the municipal level.
               | 
               | In fact, generally the places in Connecticut, and New
               | England that have well water are because they
               | specifically cannot have the other.
               | 
               | I don't know much about western USA, but I suspect it's
               | similar.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | You're being actively misleading. Like on a scale of
               | normal people to politicians to liars you're at least in
               | the politicians range.
               | 
               | The only states with restrictive surface water policies,
               | generally, are the western ones, because every drop of
               | water is allocated according to interstate agreements and
               | letting peasants take what falls on their land is like
               | the toddler version of letting privateers crap on a
               | treaty.
               | 
               | In New England and the east generally, you can either
               | have a well or municipal water, not both, because they
               | don't want to worry about back flows and contamination of
               | the municipal water supply, etc. It's not the big deal
               | you're making it out to be.
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | > In New England and the east generally, you can either
               | have a well or municipal water, not both, because they
               | don't want to worry about back flows and contamination of
               | the municipal water supply, etc. It's not the big deal
               | you're making it out to be.
               | 
               | this just isn't true. Can you have private well water in
               | Boston, Hartford or Portsmouth? The answer is no. In
               | general in the northeast, those who have well water have
               | it explicitly because they're not served by the
               | municipality. Feel free to give counter examples with
               | specific cities or towns that serve both and actively let
               | you switch between both for a given address that supports
               | both.
               | 
               | There are some towns in New Hampshire for example where
               | the town has municipal water but a given house does not
               | (it has well water), but usually that's due to specific
               | characteristics of the lot that forbid it from having a
               | municipal without a large cost, so the developer sets up
               | well water instead.
               | 
               | What you're saying doesn't even make sense - municipal
               | water is routed to a treatment plant, so it wouldn't
               | matter anyway.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | > Can you have private well water in Boston, Hartford or
               | Portsmouth? The answer is no
               | 
               | Why do you think that is?
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | Well you wrote that in the US it's _generally illegal to
               | collect rain water_ and I don't think that is true.
               | 
               | But if your point was that it's illegal to collect enough
               | rain water for XYZ purpose or scale I think that's a bit
               | different.
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | that's fair - I should've said that it's illegal to
               | collect enough rain to not need municipal water.
        
               | ath3nd wrote:
               | > Most states do not allow this, nor is it actually
               | feasible for everyone to do this due to space
               | constraints, which is why it's generally not allowed.
               | 
               | You are getting into something there. You understand the
               | necessity of municipal water collection mandates due to
               | space constraints, but when it comes to public health
               | (e.g vaccines) or public dental health (e.g fluoride in
               | water), that's beyond comprehension and an infringement
               | on your right (to have bad teeth)?
               | 
               | Also, in the real world, most (emphasis on most) states
               | don't have any restrictions on collecting rainwater, and
               | some actively encourage people to do so.
               | 
               | - https://todayshomeowner.com/gutters/guides/states-
               | where-it-i...
               | 
               | - https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/lawn-and-garden/saving-and-
               | using-r... (Florida highly encourages people to collect
               | rainwater)
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | We are talking about drinking, e.g potable. Your links
               | explicitly say don't collect to drink.
        
               | shrubble wrote:
               | That's not true in general especially if you weight it
               | with population in mind, such as the wet states of NJ,
               | PA, MD etc. that have more population; though there are
               | areas where the states have passed laws concerning water
               | rights where it is true(CO, WY).
        
               | quikoa wrote:
               | Defaults matter. Most people won't care or know about the
               | change.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | Yes that's where the freedom of citizens comes into play.
        
               | ath3nd wrote:
               | Nobody is preventing the citizens from digging their own
               | well and ensuring their own water supply and having bad
               | teeth.
               | 
               | I like it how when it comes to fluoride in water, that's
               | the nanny state pushing things on people, but when it
               | comes to municipal water, said people can't bother to use
               | their freedom and get their own water supply. It's the
               | same that parents refuse to vaccinate their children for
               | measles and then hurry to the doctors when the child
               | inevitably gets sick. The freedom to die of preventable
               | diseases is a great thing!
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | No, they're banning communities from making the decision
               | for themselves. Government so small it fits right into
               | your drinking tap!
        
               | beowulfey wrote:
               | That argument works both ways. You can also source your
               | own water if you don't want municipal water.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | You can also remove fluoride from your own water if you
               | want to. Although I don't know if there are any filters
               | that can distinguish between naturally occurring fluoride
               | (ok) and fluoride added by the government (evil).
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | Yes, why don't the poor just eat cake when they can't get
               | bread?
        
               | Vegenoid wrote:
               | Local governments are prohibited from adding fluoride to
               | their drinking water, even if their community wants it.
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cdoe.12685
        
           | Perenti wrote:
           | Not true. Every time I see a dentist here in Queensland (non-
           | fluoridated water) he asks me where else I lived as my teeth
           | are so much better than what he usually sees, and if drilling
           | my teeth are much harder than most Queenslanders.
           | 
           | My early years were spent in Melbourne, where fluoridation
           | was introduced around 1970. That's the only time I lived with
           | fluoridated water, for about 3 years. yet dentists can see
           | the effects 50+ years later.
           | 
           | I don't use a toothbrush or toothpaste, and haven't ever
           | really, as my ASD makes it unbearable.
        
             | j_maffe wrote:
             | You're refuting a statment based on studies and statistics
             | by anecdotal evedince. Also, GP never denied that
             | flouridation is still helpful for non-brushing residents.
        
               | Perenti wrote:
               | Poster claimed fluoridation was unnessecary in many parts
               | of the world. This is true of places with natural
               | fluoridation. But not everyone has access to fluoridated
               | toothpaste, or even toothpaste. To assume otherwise is
               | assuming everyone is neurotypical in a developed country.
        
               | baxuz wrote:
               | And you're assuming that every neurodivergent person
               | can't tolerate brushing their teeth.
               | 
               | I also don't see what access to toothpaste has anything
               | to do with neurodivergent conditions.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | No, he's assuming _some_ neurodivergent people can't
               | tolerate brushing.
        
               | mkoubaa wrote:
               | A dentist sees thousands of patients -a big sample size!
               | Calling it anecdotal evidence is reductive.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | This isn't an opinion or take given by a dentist, it was
               | given by a patient.
        
               | DFHippie wrote:
               | It was a patient reporting their dentist's opinion.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | The real question is, fluoridated water in the past or
               | not, how is any non-brushing patient being told they're
               | teeth are top tier?
        
               | XajniN wrote:
               | Brushing is much less important for your teeth than your
               | genetics and/or nutrition.
        
               | foepys wrote:
               | True. Part of the reason is aggressive saliva that just
               | doesn't let some bacteria live and thus keeps the teeth
               | healthy for longer. Dry mouth is literally damaging your
               | teeth as well.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Anything to back that up? And even if it's true, the
               | person would logically still not be to tier as the people
               | with good nutrition and genetics who also brush would
               | likely be better.
        
             | mimentum wrote:
             | As a recent QLD convert thanks for this. I had been
             | wondering why the water up here was so hard.
        
               | quinndexter wrote:
               | Hi. Check where you actually are located in Qld, because
               | chances are you are fluoridated just fine.
               | https://www.health.qld.gov.au/public-health/industry-
               | environ...
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | > I don't use a toothbrush or toothpaste, and haven't ever
             | really, as my ASD makes it unbearable.
             | 
             | 99% of the world does brush their teeth, so I don't see how
             | this is relevant to their health.
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | No, no they do not. Where do you make up these
               | statistics?
        
               | zouhair wrote:
               | 25% of the world population do not have access to
               | drinkable water[0], brushing their teeth is a luxury for
               | them.
               | 
               | [0]: https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/03/22/un-26-of-
               | world-lacks-...
        
               | heeton wrote:
               | You need zero water to brush your teeth with toothpaste.
               | Many dentists even say it's preferable to not rinse your
               | brush before and not rinse your mouth after.
        
               | b2w wrote:
               | So when you go to brush your teeth you don't wet the
               | toothpaste and toothbrush from the tap? Is it the fear of
               | tap water that centers around this? I am curious about
               | this as it seems the answers carry some cultural
               | significance.
        
               | ixfo wrote:
               | No - toothpaste is in part an abrasive. If it's wetter,
               | the abrasive is less effective at removing
               | biofilm/plaque, and the chemical components are diluted
               | in situ. Your mouth is plenty wet enough as-is.
        
               | alpaca128 wrote:
               | That implies toothpaste isn't designed with this water
               | dilution in mind, as that is common practice. If I don't
               | wet it beforehand it's too thick and doesn't get
               | distributed as easily.
        
               | zouhair wrote:
               | They can also just move where water is, right?
        
               | nsonha wrote:
               | When you do so, which I do too, is the amount of fluoride
               | you potentially swallow more than that in fluoridated
               | water?
        
               | ReptileMan wrote:
               | do they live in Utah?
        
               | Mystery-Machine wrote:
               | You see there's a difference between world and Utah/USA.
               | In Utah nearly 100% of the population has access to
               | drinking water.
        
             | ViscountPenguin wrote:
             | Are you in FNQ? Around Brissie and the Goldie we're all
             | flouridated.
             | 
             | I've heard similar rumours about army recruitment in the
             | 80s though.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | Black Tea has an astounding amount of fluoride. You dentist
             | is stupid for only asking where you live and not what you
             | eat and drink.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | It's still necessary. It is crucial when kids teeth are
           | forming, and brushing does not achieve the same effect.
           | 
           | I find the lack of science in this thread disturbing.
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | Kids really suck at brushing their teeth
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | The government can give out toothpaste in school, it doesn't
         | need to add things to water.
         | 
         | The inviolability or integrity of one's own body to me is more
         | important than any of this. You have the right to decide what
         | medication to be given to you with informed consent always, or
         | you have no freedom. Otherwise the freedom argument collapses
         | and you stop having reasons to allow abortions, or a bunch of
         | other informed consent situations.
         | 
         | And "knowing better" than poor people "for their own good"
         | usually doesn't go well (for the people).
        
           | mcny wrote:
           | Would you also ban iron in wheat flour?
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | I support the language here: https://fra.europa.eu/en/eu-
             | charter/article/3-right-integrit...
             | 
             | Article 3 - Right to integrity of the person
             | 
             | 1. Everyone has the right to respect for his or her
             | physical and mental integrity.
             | 
             | 2. In the fields of medicine and biology, the following
             | must be respected in particular:
             | 
             | (a) the free and informed consent of the person concerned,
             | according to the procedures laid down by law;
             | 
             | (b) the prohibition of eugenic practices, in particular
             | those aiming at the selection of persons;
             | 
             | (c) the prohibition on making the human body and its parts
             | as such a source of financial gain;
             | 
             | (d) the prohibition of the reproductive cloning of human
             | beings.
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | You can presumably buy a different brand of flour or find a
             | different source quite easily? Same applies to most other
             | "fortified" products. With water your'e basically forced to
             | waste money on bottled water or very expensive filtration
             | systems.
             | 
             | But yes, adding additional vitamins or minerals to food
             | products is generally unnecessary when supplements are
             | generally cheap and highly available these days.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | The knowledge about the supplements we need also cheap
               | and highly available and yet lots of people don't have
               | it. I myself don't know all the supplements I need.
               | 
               | I feel like for better or worse we are being forced into
               | an era of individual responsibilities where the
               | safeguards that we used to rely on without having to
               | think are being actively dismantled.
        
           | pathartl wrote:
           | Except schools handing out toothpaste will get brought up at
           | thousands of board meetings across the country with sensitive
           | or bored parents claiming government overreach and misuse of
           | budgets.
        
         | jvm___ wrote:
         | Freedom from is the American way.
         | 
         | Freedom to is the Canadian way.
         | 
         | That's why Canada becoming an American anything is ridiculous
         | and pisses off Canada so much that, for example, we've reduced
         | our flights to America by +70% over the coming months.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Canada does the opposite of America even if it hurts Canada -
           | it's a part of its identity.
           | 
           | Redefining freedom as "forcing something on people for their
           | own good" is not how anyone actually defines freedom.
           | 
           | It's like saying children have the most freedom because their
           | parents force them to do things that will benefit them.
        
             | jclulow wrote:
             | > Canada does the opposite of America even if it hurts
             | Canada - it's a part of its identity.
             | 
             | As a duel citizen of the US and another Commonwealth
             | nation, I have to say that this is exactly the ridiculous
             | self-caricature perspective that gives foreign nationals a
             | sort of combination of pity and contempt for the average US
             | citizen.
             | 
             | While it's true that your cartoonish portrayal of freedom
             | is one possible interpretation, there are most certainly
             | others, many of which present citizens with actual
             | measurable freedoms that they would _not_ enjoy in the US.
             | 
             | For instance, Australians have, since the late 1990s, been
             | relatively free of mass shootings, especially in schools or
             | other public areas. Because the police are allowed to force
             | you to take a random breathalyser test without probable
             | cause, we are generally substantially freer of drunk
             | driving. Because we have a social safety net, people are
             | free from the need to opt out of life saving surgery
             | because they fear the abject economic violence that the US
             | visits upon the "uninsured".
             | 
             | On the other hand, the US has substantially more sensible
             | libel laws than most Commonwealth countries. These things
             | can cut both ways, but it would be a mistake to interpret
             | other countries as attempting a childish breath holding
             | exercise just to differentiate themselves from the hip and
             | cool nation.
        
             | kvdveer wrote:
             | "freedom from", you will not be given a prevention from
             | some horrible disease. You can buy it if you can afford it,
             | but a significant portion of the population can't, and some
             | of them will not be able to enjoy life because of it.
             | 
             | "freedom to", a prevention will be provided. You can always
             | decide to take alternatives, if you can afford it. A
             | significant portion of the population can't. They will be
             | able to enjoy life.
             | 
             | Equating freedom with the liberties the rich have is
             | absurd. In any society, the rich will have the most
             | freedom, even in the most oppressive ones. The true litmus
             | test for freedom is seeing the freedoms the poor can enjoy.
             | By that standard, the US doesn't score very well.
        
               | jvm___ wrote:
               | How free a country is can be determined by this question.
               | 
               | Would you choose to be a randomly chosen citizen? You
               | could be anyone in that country with all the rights,
               | privileges - or lack thereof - that that random person
               | has.
               | 
               | I think I'd rather be a random Canadian with healthcare
               | and education than a random American.
               | 
               | It's an interesting thought experiment.
        
               | karparov wrote:
               | As a random US citizen, chances are high though that you
               | voted Trump and are ok with all this nonsense. So, should
               | be ok?
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | Fortunately for everyone, even some of the people who
               | voted for trump are having second thoughts now they are
               | living it.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Only a few. American Republican voters consistently show
               | a pattern of not regretting their vote because bad things
               | happen to other people, but _only_ because bad things
               | happen to themselves.
        
               | sambeau wrote:
               | I like to take it one step further.
               | 
               |  _Which country would you choose if you had to be poor?_
               | 
               | I'd probably choose Cuba.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | This is an actual thought experiment by John Rawls:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_position
        
               | j4coh wrote:
               | Wouldn't the question better be "would you be happy with
               | the freedoms of a random person" otherwise you're
               | including all kinds of other factors?
        
             | karparov wrote:
             | As a European who has lived in both countries I can only
             | laugh at this. From our perspective, US and Canada are 99%
             | identical, culturally.
        
               | swat535 wrote:
               | It doesn't appear to be that way. If that 1% difference
               | lies in how each country _fundamentally_ defines freedom,
               | then I'd argue that's more than enough to say Americans
               | and Canadians are not alike. When the core values differ
               | at such a foundational level, the rest of the cultural
               | similarities become irrelevant.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Not when it comes to religion though: the European way (and I
           | feel very much like considering Canadians something like
           | honorary Europeans these days) was forged in painful wars
           | stemming from and fueled by influence of religion on
           | politics, and abuse of religion by politics. Both on the
           | collective level, not so much on the individual level. The
           | European way is all about having a strong firewall between
           | religion and politics, to keep the former out of the later.
           | Freedom from.
           | 
           | The American way is completely devoid of that concept. It's
           | all built on that Pilgrim Fathers founding myth and only ever
           | cares about keeping the state from getting in the way of
           | individual beliefs. It's so focused on that part and only
           | that part that even an almost-all-out theocracy would be fine
           | as long as it did not mess with individual beliefs. "Freedom
           | to" without the tiniest trace of "freedom from".
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | > The European way is all about having a strong firewall
             | between religion and politics
             | 
             | I find this quite contrary to my experience of e.g. modern
             | Germany, Spain, Poland, Italy where many politicians are
             | explicitly religious, laws are written with majority
             | religious affiliation in mind, religious taxes may still be
             | levied. Even France still feels in many ways like a
             | "catholic country", even if they do have good explicit
             | separation of church and state.
             | 
             | I would have said that government and (Christian) religion
             | are completely inextricable for most Europeans, even if the
             | majority of the population isn't seriously devout or even
             | practicing.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Things like church taxes handled by the state in Germany
               | (entirely opt-in, even when it's effectively opt-out for
               | individuals opted in by their parents) have the opposite
               | effect though, they make the churches boring institutions
               | (except for the occasional child abuse wtf that haunts
               | them just like any other church) far from any
               | radicalization.
               | 
               | When you dig deeper in Germany it gets surprisingly
               | murky, e.g. bishops not paid out of those church taxes
               | but out of regular state taxes, e.g. those paid by
               | atheists and Muslims, which dates back to Napoleonic age
               | secularization when those payments were introduced as a
               | (meager) compensation for the enormous income the
               | (catholic) church had from being worldly lords of
               | enormous realms. But this as well contribute to keeping
               | the churches out of politics. They know pretty well what
               | is their place and what isn't.
        
             | Ruphin wrote:
             | This is factually incorrect. Even though in most European
             | countries there is a formal separation of religion and
             | state, there is nothing that "forbids" any political party
             | from having a strong religious affiliation. In fact, in
             | nearly every European country there are major political
             | parties with a strong Christian affiliation. See:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_democracy
             | 
             | There are even countries which have political parties that
             | are Islamic affiliated.
             | 
             | The separation between religion and state refers to two
             | things: the state not being able to enforce any religious
             | aspects on citizens (freedom TO exercise any religion
             | without interference from government), and religious
             | entities not being able to influence or pressure the
             | government outside the electoral process (freedom TO govern
             | without interference from religious entities). Neither of
             | these things prevents a political party founded on
             | religious beliefs to participate in the electoral process.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | Parent never said that political parties were forbidden
               | from having a religious affiliation. Yet, the 'Christian'
               | in European 'Christian democracy' is not remotely
               | comparable to the role of religion in the society of the
               | USA.
               | 
               | The USA is overtly and intentionally Christian: American
               | banknotes have "In God We Trust" emblazoned on one side,
               | and schoolchildren (usually) recite an oath pledging
               | allegiance to "one nation under God". Christian
               | democracy, on the other hand, usually stands for a
               | loosely defined, mildly conservative political ideology
               | in a strictly secular system of governance.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Putting fluoride in water promotes freedom.
         | 
         | I rather define freedom by the government not deciding what's
         | good for me
        
           | aetimmes wrote:
           | You're free to get your water straight from the ground, then.
        
             | karparov wrote:
             | Or just not consume any water.
        
             | zo1 wrote:
             | Are we also "free" to not pay "voluntary" taxes then? We
             | have to understand that we're N-levels deep into this
             | spaghetti mess, and as a consequence of that it's very hard
             | to argue anything from first-principles or absolutes.
        
           | espadrine wrote:
           | > _I rather define freedom by the government not deciding
           | what 's good for me_
           | 
           | Does that mean you are against this bill?
           | 
           | Before the bill, your community could either use your own
           | water system, without fluoride, or use the wider system,
           | which has fluoride.
           | 
           | After this bill, your community no longer can use your own
           | water system with fluoride, and the wider system also does
           | not have fluoride.
           | 
           | On a first read, this bill makes the government remove a
           | choice for you, deciding what is good for you.
           | 
           | (I don't have a horse in this race honestly. Assuming
           | everyone can get toothpaste and toothbrushes, the effect is
           | the same. But the wording of the bill is strange: "may not
           | add fluoride" rather than just "is allowed not to add".)
           | 
           | Source: https://archive.is/Nustz
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | "Your community could decide" is not freedom in the
             | American political sense. In US political theory, the unit
             | of freedom is the individual, full stop.
        
               | nulbyte wrote:
               | I've seen this retort elsewhere. It's not true. It's why
               | corporations are persons with first amendment and other
               | freedoms.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Corporations are not actually persons. You should read
               | the _Citizens United_ opinion if that 's what you think
               | it meant.
               | 
               | Corporate owners are people engaging in voluntary
               | transactions. Their freedom was essentially the question
               | in _Citizens United_.  "Corporations are people" emerged
               | from the media as an oversimplified version.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | They are not natural persons, but they are juridical
               | persons and were so before Citizens United.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Exactly this. But remember that "legal personhood"
               | basically just means "able to enter contracts" and does
               | not imply any sort of human rights or humanity. It does
               | not mean anything like what "personhood" normally means.
               | 
               | This has also been the case for the _entire_ history of
               | corporations, which is longer than the history of the US.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | How is fluoridating water better than giving out free
         | toothpaste and toothbrushes? Has the latter been tried?
         | 
         | "Not keeping people trapped in poverty" would be nice too but
         | for some reason that one seems off the table.
        
           | thordenmark wrote:
           | We've been trying for the history of mankind to figure out
           | how to "not keep people trapped in poverty". No one has
           | solved that problem yet, despite the best of intentions with
           | monumental effort. I'll agree with Milton Friedman on this,
           | Capitalism, as bad as it is, has been the most successful
           | system to alleviate poverty.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | This is getting wildly off topic, but I firmly believe that
             | "we tried everything and free market capitalism is the best
             | we have" is a myth.
             | 
             | It's incontrovertible that, under certain conditions, an
             | unrestricted price system (a "market") is the most
             | efficient allocation mechanism possible. There's a lot of
             | research on that kind of thing.
             | 
             | The myth is that we have ever tried anything resembling
             | that on a nationwide scale, or maybe even that it is
             | achievable at all. There is a fundamental "paradox of
             | tolerance" in economics, where market participants have
             | strong and persistent incentives to distort or damage the
             | market. This is why business interests so often align with
             | free-market liberalism or conservatism.
             | 
             | Most of the so-called deregulation under the current Trump
             | administration for example as little to do with improving
             | the efficiency of market allocation. It's much more about
             | making sure very large and powerful corporations can get
             | even larger and more powerful, and removing the regulatory
             | apparatus to prevent them from distorting and damaging
             | markets to suppress competition, or to suppress labor
             | costs.
        
         | aikinai wrote:
         | This started out as an interesting and fair take until
         | "...enough to supplant it". Freedom from the government is the
         | original vision and one of the core principles of America
         | assuming that anybody that wants smaller government just wants
         | to supplant it is a massive misunderstanding of most Americans
         | today and certainly the founding principles.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | We can read this country's founding philosophy directly:
           | 
           | We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
           | created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
           | certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
           | Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.-- _That to secure these
           | rights, Governments are instituted among Men_ , deriving
           | their just powers from the consent of the governed,--That
           | whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these
           | ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
           | it, and to institute new Government, _laying its foundation
           | on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as
           | to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and
           | Happiness_. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments
           | long established should not be changed for light and
           | transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn,
           | that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are
           | sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms
           | to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses
           | and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces
           | a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their
           | right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and
           | _to provide new Guards for their future security_.
           | 
           | It's not freedom from government but freedom from tyranny.
           | They believed that governments existed to promote the
           | protection of rights.
        
             | aikinai wrote:
             | Yeah, that's just the start.
             | 
             | "The powers not delegated to the United States by the
             | Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
             | reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
             | 
             | This demonstrates an intentional effort by the founders to
             | strictly limit federal authority by explicitly enumerating
             | government powers and leaving everything else beyond
             | federal reach. It underscores that their conception of
             | freedom involved a government that was deliberately
             | restrained, designed primarily to safeguard individual
             | liberties by minimizing governmental interference, rather
             | than merely protecting from outright tyranny.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | They were anti tyranny. Governments tend to be
               | tyrannical, but they weren't against governments, they
               | were against tyranny.
               | 
               | Timothy Snyder is the modern embodiment of founding
               | father ideology/enlightenment philosophy and my original
               | post was almost directly lifted from his talks/books.
               | 
               | Yes they may have been in favor of small government, but
               | we have the tyranny of corporate power now. When
               | healthcare is tied to a job, women are working instead of
               | doing child care, the combined wages are not
               | enough/barely enough to afford rent and necessities, and
               | there are no savings for emergencies, that leads to the
               | tyranny of business and wage slavery.
               | 
               | It leads to individuals without the means to withdrawal
               | consent from a tyrannical government. It structurally
               | disables acts of disobedience. Jefferson said rebellion
               | unto _tyranny_ is obedience to god, not rebellion unto
               | governments. They were not subject to the levels of
               | concentrated corporate power that grew out of
               | industrialization. Robber Barrons were also tyrants who
               | acted tyrannically.
               | 
               | There's probably something to be said about self reliance
               | and protestant work ethic which can result in obedient
               | workers willing to work under poor conditions for
               | cultural reasons, but thinking that government is the
               | only entity capable of unchecked power when we have
               | businesses with a higher revenue than some entire
               | countries/states shows a dogmatic chasing of a
               | justification for a belief, rather than following the
               | principles towards an assessment the principles
               | themselves would lead to. It's a kind of originalism. The
               | appearance of their beliefs, but not the substance of
               | them.
               | 
               | A republic... If we can keep it.
               | 
               | Well good luck keeping it if the average citizen is too
               | weak to project any kind of political power. Good luck
               | having strong citizens (or a cohesive society) without
               | strong social programs like public education.
               | 
               | > rather than merely protecting from outright tyranny.
               | 
               | Enlightenment ideology at it's core, the very central
               | point of it, which our documents were written into
               | respect to, says you give up some rights in order to have
               | other rights protected [from tyranny]. That is why man
               | leaves the state of nature... Greater protection from
               | tyranny.
               | 
               | The constitution was a document meant to be adapted. The
               | goal of the implementation is plainly stated:
               | 
               | We the People of the United States, in Order to form a
               | more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
               | Tranquility, provide for the common defence, _promote the
               | general Welfare_ , and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
               | ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
               | Constitution for the United States of America.
        
           | lazyasciiart wrote:
           | No, it's very accurate about republicans today. "Supplant"
           | might be the wrong word: traditionally the saying is "drown
           | it in a bathtub".
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | The UK government is really big on doing things for our own
         | good, but they don't seem to do much water flouridation. Which
         | I think is some evidence that it's not a clearcut health
         | benefit.
        
           | chrz wrote:
           | Uk is one of the unhealthiest countries
        
             | wfme wrote:
             | UK: 34th
             | 
             | USA: 69th
             | 
             | https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-
             | rankings/healthies...
        
           | throwaway519 wrote:
           | Exactly the opposite.
           | 
           | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-and-
           | care-b...
           | 
           | > We believe that water fluoridation is the single most
           | effective public health measure there is for reducing oral
           | health inequalities and tooth decay rates, especially amongst
           | children. We welcome these proposals and believe they
           | represent an opportunity to take a big step forward in not
           | only improving this generation's oral health, but those for
           | decades to come.
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | Do they do much floridation though?
        
         | karparov wrote:
         | It's also restricting the freedom of communities if you ban
         | them from adding fluoride to their water if they like to.
         | 
         | This ban is anti-freedom. (Just like forcing them could be
         | argued to be, even though that's what you argued against.)
         | 
         | So, this ban is arguably reducing freedoms on multiple levels.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | In the political philosophy of the US, the unit whose
           | freedoms matter is the individual, not the community.
           | Freedoms for individuals necessarily come from reducing the
           | freedom of "the community."
        
             | regularjack wrote:
             | AKA as the spoiled brat kind of freedom.
        
             | thelastgallon wrote:
             | In reality though, the freedom of the companies, which is
             | just the freedom of the super rich ~100 - 1000 people
             | (proxied via companies without taking direct
             | responsibility: The sacred duty of company is to maximize
             | shareholder returns!)
             | 
             | 10,000 food additives that are banned in Europe are
             | perfectly fine in US.
             | 
             | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-food-additives-banned-
             | europe...
             | 
             | https://isitclean.org/the-ingredients-banned-in-the-eu-
             | but-l...
        
             | Mordisquitos wrote:
             | But, taking the individual freedom argument to its ultimate
             | implications, the Free individual is also Free to not drink
             | tap water in a community that decided to add fluoride to
             | their water supply, and is also Free to move to a community
             | that decided against it.
        
               | kebman wrote:
               | It's not a "freedom" to be forced to move away from a
               | community just because you want pure water. Moral
               | philosophy: A democracy should not act as the tyranny of
               | the majority, and governments (local or otherwise) should
               | not overreach their mandate with monopolistic policies
               | that negatively affect individual freedoms.
               | 
               | Use the same argument on air and it falls apart. "The
               | Free individual is also Free to not breathe air in a
               | community that decided to add lead to their air supply."
               | This was a big debate in the 70's btw due to car
               | emissions.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | >A democracy should not act as the tyranny of the
               | majority, and governments (local or otherwise) should not
               | overreach their mandate with monopolistic policies that
               | negatively affect individual freedoms.
               | 
               | Then it shouldn't ban fluoridation when it could instead
               | simply not mandate it.
        
               | swasheck wrote:
               | the point was good until you tried to compare it to lead
               | in the air. there are a few factors that make it
               | impossible to use the same argument between lead in the
               | air and fluoride in the water
        
             | swasheck wrote:
             | yes, and i think that's a pretty recent reading of the US
             | comprehension of freedom. my sense is that the collective
             | individualistic tendencies have ballooned.
             | 
             | even as recently as the early 90s, my civics classes
             | emphasized the importance of other people's rights and that
             | of the expression of your individual rights infringed on
             | the rights of others then it was an irresponsible and
             | improper use of individual rights.
             | 
             | it seems like this has devolved into people whose
             | perspective on individual rights loosely aligns enough to
             | coalesce and shout the loudest to create policy. until
             | someone in the in-group's individual freedom is impacted
             | and the group fractures into smaller coalitions. rinse.
             | lather. repeat.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | I disagree with you that this is a recent idea. It goes
               | back to Locke, Hobbes, and the social contract theorists.
               | The "collective freedoms" idea is more recent, if
               | anything, coming from the subsequent generation of
               | philosophers.
        
               | swasheck wrote:
               | i can agree with the theory behind what you're saying,
               | but also sense that the practical application of
               | individual freedoms has become increasingly prevalent and
               | acute
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | Why are the remaining individuals in the community forced
             | to include your individual in their decisions?
             | 
             | (I'm not being serious, I'm pointing out that you may not
             | have found your first principle just yet)
        
           | kebman wrote:
           | Personal freedom [?] "freedom of communities"--there is no
           | such thing. Freedom applies to individuals, not collectives.
           | When a community makes a decision that affects all its
           | members, that's democracy, but democracy is not unlimited
           | authority. A majority vote does not grant the right to
           | infringe on individual autonomy, which is why safeguards
           | exist against the tyranny of the majority.
           | 
           | Banning fluoride does not restrict freedom--it prevents
           | government overreach. In contrast, forcing fluoride on
           | everyone would violate personal autonomy. Protecting
           | individual choice is a fundamental principle, backed by real-
           | world safeguards like constitutional rights, judicial review,
           | and bodily autonomy laws. The burden of proof is always on
           | those seeking to impose a policy, not on those defending
           | individual freedom.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | But nobody is forced to drink municipal water. You can go
             | to the grocery and pallets of gallon jugs if you prefer.
        
               | kebman wrote:
               | Then the community is exactly _forcing_ people to seek
               | other, and way more expensive and way more inconvenient,
               | sources of water. That 's the opposite of a freedom.
        
               | nulbyte wrote:
               | Why is the city required to provide water in the first
               | place?
        
               | mystraline wrote:
               | Please go away, libertarian troll.
               | 
               | Really? 'Why is the government providing potable water'?
               | Because that's the point of governments: to provide a
               | framework and the bare essentials of civilization.
               | 
               | And well, libertarian led governments are TERRIBLE.
               | 
               | https://newrepublic.com/article/159662/libertarian-walks-
               | int...
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | I think they're saying that the logical conclusion of
               | kebman's libertarian line of argument is that no-one is
               | entitled to municipal water anyway, so it is moot whether
               | or not municipal authorities decide to add a particular
               | substance to the water or not. After all, if you trace
               | things back far enough, the municipal water supply
               | depends on the government 'forcing' lots of people to do
               | things (such as paying taxes and following various
               | regulations).
               | 
               | The whole argument gets weirdly metaphysical. Not many
               | people have a problem with local authorities _removing_
               | things from the water. That is, I don 't see many
               | Americans demanding that their local authority provide
               | them with completely untreated water. But apparently
               | modifying the water by _adding_ something to it is
               | importantly different. You 'd think that a more
               | interesting discussion would be a practical one (about
               | the pros of cons of treating water in different ways).
               | But a certain current of American discourse would rather
               | return again and again to essentially theological
               | arguments. We must locate the original sin against
               | freedom in our local water infrastructure!
        
               | beeflet wrote:
               | The opposite is true. If there was no municipal water
               | supply, then you would in theory have a freer market
               | where there would be multiple suppliers and consumers
               | could theoretically make this decision themselves-
               | assuming it doesn't result in a natural monopoly.
               | 
               | Because there is a government monopoly on water, you need
               | these protections to prevent government overreach,
               | because this is the only way for the consumer to express
               | their preferences.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | Some people would prefer there to be fluoride added to
               | the water and some people would prefer there not to be.
               | There's one set of pipes (in a given municipality), so
               | you can't please everyone. You might as well complain
               | that the government doesn't offer you a choice of voltage
               | or frequency for your electrical supply.
               | 
               | Looking around the thread, the idea seems to be that
               | there is some kind of important metaphysical distinction
               | between the government "adding" something to the water
               | that people could in principle add themselves or merely
               | "filtering out" bad stuff like pathogens -- and that this
               | metaphysical distinction is somehow linked to the
               | difference between positive and negative liberties. As an
               | aside, I think this probably makes no sense on a chemical
               | level, as you generally can't remove stuff without also
               | adding something else. But in any case, this strikes me
               | as a uniquely American perspective. I think a more common
               | perspective is the following:
               | 
               | * Essentially no-one wants raw untreated water supplied
               | to their homes.
               | 
               | * The local government therefore needs to decide in which
               | ways the water is going to be treated.
               | 
               | * This has to involve some compromises (because there's
               | one set of pipes).
               | 
               | * These compromises are boring practical issues of
               | municipal infrastructure and have no interesting
               | philosophical or political implications.
        
               | mystraline wrote:
               | > I think they're saying that the logical conclusion of
               | kebman's libertarian line of argument is that no-one is
               | entitled to municipal water anyway
               | 
               | Oh, I very much understand the libertarian 'argument',
               | and I dismiss it as childish anarcho-primativist
               | horseshit.
               | 
               | Almost all (aside the rare Lefty libertarian types)
               | libertarians utterly leave out the fact that helping each
               | other and coming together collectively can fix problems
               | in what amounts exponentiation, compared to the
               | collective action problem of individualism.
               | 
               | If everyone generated their own power, then grids would
               | be mismatched and slow everyone down.
               | 
               | If water grids were individual wells, we would tap out
               | natural aquifers in short notice. By collectively coming
               | together, desalination plants and mass water purification
               | is doable.
               | 
               | Libertarian types will demand absolute indepenendence for
               | everything, but also want the spoils of a framework of
               | governance. But even when they get their own community,
               | as I linked, they so overwhelmingly fucked it up.
               | 
               | Communism is a better idea than rugged right-wing
               | libertarianism (the common one in the USA). Turns out,
               | none of the richies want to pay for anything.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | But adding fluoride WAS everybody coming together to
               | solve a problem (poor dental health). We could have a
               | reasonable argument about whether or not fluorine in the
               | water continues to serve that goal. Instead we've got
               | this weird quasi-debate about types of freedoms.
        
             | nulbyte wrote:
             | > Freedom applies to individuals, not collectives.
             | 
             | In the US, it most certainly does. We have freedom to
             | associate, and associations also have freedoms. Were it not
             | so, we wouldn't have even been able to arrive at the
             | conclusion we have with regard to corporate money in
             | politics.
        
           | bavell wrote:
           | I heard they were going to mandate seatbelts next! Where are
           | our freedoms?!?!?
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | You joke, but a lot of these freedom-rah-rah-rah people
             | absolutely cried like babies and resisted seatbelt laws
             | back in the 80s and 90s, too. Half my family believed it
             | was evidence a communist takeover, and they all had those
             | little defeat devices that you plugged into the latch,
             | which silenced the car's seatbelt-off indicator.
             | 
             | "You can't tell me what to do" has been a religion in the
             | USA for a long, long time.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >This ban is anti-freedom. (Just like forcing them could be
           | argued to be, even though that's what you argued against.)
           | 
           | By that logic is the first amendment "anti-freedom", because
           | it prevents communities from instituting censorship laws,
           | even if they actually want them?
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | I lived in Germany for a while. There, the water that comes out
         | of your tab doesn't get fluorized. Instead, they add fluoride
         | to tooth paste.
         | 
         | So, is Germany less free or more free?
        
           | Xelynega wrote:
           | I think you missed the point of "positive" versus "negative"
           | freedoms.
           | 
           | They have more of one, less of the other.
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | Sorry if you read my post as snarky - I don't think I
             | missed that point, I meant the question at the end more as
             | food for thought.
             | 
             | The OP contrasts adding fluroide to water vs. not adding
             | fluoride to water and brings up the freedom question. I
             | find that very interesting. But he omits that there's also
             | the variant I sketched, namely that fluoride could _still_
             | be made available to the population, but not through water.
             | 
             | Now, how does this factoid relate to the freedom (positive
             | or negative) question?
             | 
             | So, please don't read my post as negative, my intent was to
             | bring an additional perspective to the table.
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | America has that too so it's irrelevant to the question?
        
           | hanspeter wrote:
           | While they don't add fluoride, the natural levels in German
           | tap water can reach 0.3 mg/L. Compared to the US recommended
           | level of 0.7 mg/L in fluoridated water, that's not an
           | insignificant amount.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | > _So, is Germany less free or more free?_
           | 
           | Can communities choose to fluoridate their water at the
           | utility level or are they banned from doing so by legislation
           | like they are in Utah?
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | Federal limit is 1.5 mg/l. All water suppliers have to
             | regularly chemically/biologically analyse their water and
             | publish fairly detailed reports. Example:
             | https://www.bwb.de/de/assets/downloads/analysewerte-
             | wasserwe... Some states add extra reporting requirements.
        
             | starspangled wrote:
             | Can communities choose to permit murder or ban people of
             | certain races? Is America not free because they cannot
             | choose to vote for a government that would prohibit women
             | from voting or jail people for expressing political
             | opinions?
             | 
             | You're using an extreme definition of freedom that I
             | suspect is not quite the trump card you think it is. No,
             | "communities" can't just do whatever they want because they
             | "choose" to, and nobody ouside the lunatic fringe thinks
             | that's a prerequisite for freedom.
        
           | atesti wrote:
           | Isn't it also added to salt?
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | Isn't that iodine and not fluoride?
        
               | maxnoe wrote:
               | Both. You get untreated, just with iodine and iodine +
               | fluoride.
               | 
               | https://www.bad-
               | reichenhaller.de/de/produkte/alpensalze/alpe...
        
         | jahnu wrote:
         | Well said. Being poor charges interest.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | This is the same reasonning with vaccine (only worse because
         | you can die faster from not being vaccinated than from cavities
         | -- although in some cases they can be lethal too).
         | 
         | People who want to be free from government interference should
         | be prevented from using public roads, or public infrastructure
         | of any kind. Want to mail something? Hire a courrier to deliver
         | it for you. Etc.
        
           | tonis2 wrote:
           | I should pay 0 taxes then too
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Sure, go ahead, no taxes! But along with OP's rules against
             | using public roads, or public infrastructure: You also
             | can't use the public's air, because regulation keeps it
             | clean. You can't eat at any restaurants, because the
             | government regulates them and make sure they are serving
             | safe food. No access to medicine, either, for the same
             | reason. No airline travel, which is heavily regulated and
             | safe, No working for any company subject to OSHA and other
             | workplace safety regulations. No calling the police or fire
             | department if you need help. Just you in your homestead in
             | the woods--oh, and if someone robs your homestead, you
             | don't have access to the courts to get your money back,
             | either, money that you can't use anyway because it's issued
             | by the government.
             | 
             | No taxes in exchange for you not benefiting from anything
             | taxpayer-funded. How does that libertarian paradise sound?
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | How many Americans consume enough tap water for this to be
         | beneficial?
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | About 60% of bottled water in the US is sourced from
           | municipal tap water systems:
           | 
           | https://www.nyruralwater.org/news/study-shows-
           | nearly-64-bott...
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | 74.6% of Americans get fluoridated tap water;
           | https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177(24)00204-6/fulltext
           | shows that even _with_ instructions to brush and floss and
           | instructions to use it, water flouridation reduces cavities
           | in a community by at least 20%.
        
         | foldr wrote:
         | That's a very American perspective (which is fine, given that
         | we are talking about America). Most countries would view this
         | as a non-partisan public health policy issue which has nothing
         | to do with the abstract philosophical debates about freedom
         | beloved of 90s internet libertarians.
        
           | brigandish wrote:
           | Isaiah Berlin wrote about the two concepts of liberty[0] in
           | 1958 and the constitution of the US is based on negative
           | liberty, so it goes back a bit further than the 90s.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Concepts_of_Liberty
        
             | foldr wrote:
             | I'm aware of the history (I said "beloved of", not
             | "invented by"). My point is that it's idiosyncratically
             | American to think of decisions about municipal water
             | treatment as being fundamentally questions of political
             | liberty.
        
         | basisword wrote:
         | >> fluoridation in water some people are less sick and have
         | more money and therefore are more free
         | 
         | This is the real problem. That dental care, or any medical
         | care, is costly.
        
         | impossiblefork wrote:
         | But you will brush your teeth anyway, and then you apply
         | fluoride topically. It works.
         | 
         | Here in Sweden we decided against fluoride for this reason and
         | the fact that it is in fact toxic. It isn't sensible to use
         | systemic exposure when we can use topical exposure and can
         | improve mouth health by education, so that people do what
         | they're supposed to.
         | 
         | The fluoride approach achieves a basic level of health, but you
         | can do so much better.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | > But you will brush your teeth anyway, and then you apply
           | fluoride topically. It works.
           | 
           | Relatively few of the poor have the disposable income, time,
           | education, and long-term worldview needed to reliably do
           | that.
           | 
           | EDIT: This comment is about America's poor. Though the same
           | applies in much of the world.
        
             | NomDePlum wrote:
             | I agree with this in an American context. In Sweden, it
             | will be much less true. This difference can also however be
             | attributed to government "interference" with higher
             | taxation supporting better social care for those at the
             | poorer end of the scale.
             | 
             | Freedom comes at a cost, the US and Sweden are paying that
             | cost in different ways.
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | Your GDP per capita is 50% higher than ours. You have money
             | for this.
             | 
             | If there's no will to raise up the poor, you it should be
             | straightforward to use the state directly to ensure that
             | everyone is taught how to brush their teeth and ensured to
             | have access to brushes and toothpaste.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I agree with you, but GDP per capita isn't the correct
               | measure here when the bottom 8% in the US has no health
               | insurance compared to Sweden's 0%, which I have to assume
               | because I didn't even find this measured anywhere due to
               | universal healthcare.
        
               | 7bit wrote:
               | It's a systemic issue that can be solved with one
               | unanimous vote in Congress, that will NEVER happen in the
               | foreseeable future.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | That's because Americans believe that poor people are
               | poor because they just didn't care enough to be rich.
               | 
               | This might have been true 200 years ago, when there was a
               | whole unexplored continent to exploit, but it's less true
               | now.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Poor people are voting for policies that directly harm
               | them because they don't want _other_ poor people and the
               | "illegals" to benefit.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I think that's the same mentality, "yes I'm poor now, but
               | I'll get the break I deserve soon enough, and I don't
               | want all these undesirables to benefit when I do".
        
               | zenolijo wrote:
               | While Sweden has free health care, it does not completely
               | include dental care. It's free until you turn 20, after
               | that you pay out of your own pocket. This is to
               | incentivize people to take care of their teeth, instead
               | of not caring and then expecting free replacement of your
               | teeth. One you're 20, you only get a very tiny deductible
               | on your dental care which equates to almost the exactly
               | the cost of a single basic check-up once a year.
        
               | KoolKat23 wrote:
               | It may not completely include dental, but poor teeth
               | health shortens your life span and they cover that at
               | least.
        
               | fireflash38 wrote:
               | Welcome to the USA, where using the stare to help with
               | dental care would be communism, or socialism, or big
               | government, or violations of freedoms.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | > Here in Sweden we decided against fluoride for this reason
           | and the fact that it is in fact toxic.
           | 
           | How?
           | 
           | Please don't express that it damages development. That's
           | trivially refutable by statistics. We can compare Canada's
           | and UK's IQs for example, or some other proxy to the G
           | factor, said countries were chosen for their similar cultural
           | demographics, we find then that the metrics are mostly
           | identical, while the difference in consumption of fluoride is
           | staggering.
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP14534 is one
             | study. We did earlier studies in the 50s when we made the
             | decision to only use fluoride orally.
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | doesn't discuss any confounding variables that may also
               | correlate with the use/disuse of flouride.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | So anyone willing to tell me how this constitutes a low
             | quality comment that warrants this reception?
        
           | imacomputertoo wrote:
           | Fluoride is not "in fact toxic". A substance becomes toxic in
           | high amounts. Vitamin D becomes toxic in high amounts. The
           | level of fluoride in drinking water is well below the toxic
           | level.
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | Fluoride exposure beyond a small amount has a statistically
             | significant effect on childhood IQ: https://jamanetwork.com
             | /journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/...
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | I really don't agree with that Paracelsian view. Some
             | substances are Paracelsian, other are like lead, and I'd
             | place fluorides in-between these two, a neither fully
             | Paracelsian or non-Paracelsian poison.
        
           | zouhair wrote:
           | Just an FYI, water is also toxic.
        
             | belter wrote:
             | Indeed: "Water Intoxication" -
             | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/water-
             | intoxic...
        
               | abrookewood wrote:
               | There was an infamous death in Australia when a young
               | girl drank too much water after taking MDMA. It's blamed
               | on the drug, but the thing that actually killed her was
               | water intoxication:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Wood_(born_1980)
        
               | mongol wrote:
               | It happened to a Swedish girl too. Not sure if it was
               | after taking MDMA but it was after drug use.
        
             | abrookewood wrote:
             | Yes, I was going to mention this. Had a friend who went
             | down the coast for a day trip with a bunch of mates. On the
             | way back on the train (1.5 hour ride) they had a
             | competition to see who could drink the most water and most
             | of them had several litres, a few of them managed a bit
             | more. My mate also had a bunch of chips/snacks, but not
             | everyone did.
             | 
             | Later that night, he got a desperate phone from his friends
             | mum, screaming at him "What did you take! What drugs did
             | you take!!!", he replied that they hadn't taken anything,
             | but wasn't really believed. His friend was rushed to
             | hospital with severe seizures and convulsions. The doctors
             | eventually put him on a saline drip and he recovered.
             | 
             | Basically his friend lowered the salt content in his body
             | so much that his body could not pass electrical signals. My
             | friend was fine because he had consumed a bit of salt in
             | his snacks. Kinda crazy.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Is this why after a day on the beach you want both drinks
               | and salty snacks?
        
               | iamacyborg wrote:
               | It's why electrolyte drinks are a thing for sports.
        
               | baobabKoodaa wrote:
               | You know what has electrolytes?
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Three DJs and 7 other employees got fired for running a
               | contest where whoever could hold their pee for the
               | longest after drinking too much water would win a prize
               | and someone died.
               | 
               | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16660273
        
           | roywashere wrote:
           | Somewhat related, as a teen in the 90s I worked at McDonald's
           | in The Netherlands. Because of the diet in the US, the bread
           | used for hamburgers contained extra calcium to be more
           | 'healthy', because many people did not get enough calcium
           | intake. In The Netherlands, where people drink much more
           | dairy products, especially back in the 90s, people would get
           | plenty of calcium so there was no need to put extra in the
           | bread. But because a hamburger should be a hamburger no
           | matter where you buy it worldwide, the Dutch McDonald's
           | hamburger bread still had the added calcium
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | You have to drink 32 ounces of milk per day to get enough
             | daily calcium.
        
               | meetingthrower wrote:
               | They drink A LOT of milk! I went to a business meeting in
               | the Netherlands and the cafeteria had buttermilk machine
               | on tap like an elementary school in the US. They set the
               | meeting table with pitchers of milk and buttermilk. And
               | breakfast / lunch always has cheese.
        
               | jjice wrote:
               | I was surprised when I realized that milk didn't have
               | that much calcium by volume, relative to how it was
               | promoted to me as a kid.
               | 
               | I found that almond milk had a good bit more by volume
               | and the US dairy industry probably just had some good
               | marketing in the 2000s with the Got Milk campaign.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | Too much calcium is a bad thing. I had enormous amounts
               | of milk as a child, a multivitamin containing calcium and
               | a calcium supplement. I probably had 2 to 3 people's
               | recommended daily amount of calcium per day. Now as an
               | adult, the calcium is in my muscles and it occasionally
               | causes me to feel like my arm has been dislocated from my
               | socket for days whenever there is a flare up. Moving my
               | arm during a flare up makes it worse. It occurs in my
               | dominant arm and the pain is so bad that during flare
               | ups, I sometimes contemplate amputation. There is no cure
               | for this condition. The "get enough calcium" stuff really
               | backfired in my case since I clearly overdosed on calcium
               | because of it. On the bright side, I have excellent bone
               | health.
        
               | kebman wrote:
               | For the rest of the world: 32 ounces is almost one litre
               | of milk.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | Which is also happens to be the average daily milk
               | consumption in the Netherlands. They drink 340 kg per
               | year on average which is 33 oz per day. And people used
               | to drink more milk back then.
        
               | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
               | That's assuming you don't eat or drink anything else
               | containing calcium, which is silly.
        
               | bluedino wrote:
               | It has a lot of calories and other things in it. If you
               | don't have access to a lot of food, milk supplements well
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | In the UK at least some areas have fluoridated water, despite
           | almost all toothpaste being fluoridated. I suppose it most
           | benefits the minority of people who do not brush their teeth.
           | That benefit has to be balanced[1] against some evidence of
           | risk.
           | 
           | IMO the right fix is better dental hygiene, and a better
           | (less sugary) diet. These are in turn are in part symptomatic
           | of other problems (poverty, long working hours with regards
           | to lack of supervision of children).
           | 
           | [1] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/water-
           | fluoridatio...
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Good link.
             | 
             | There a really unfortunate use of "significant" in that
             | document. The scientific meaning and the general meaning
             | will cause very different interpretations from laymen.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | _" Here in Sweden we decided against fluoride for this reason
           | and the fact that it is in fact toxic."_
           | 
           | All water collected from natural sources contains some level
           | of fluoride and other salts (which varies greatly from place
           | to place). Does then your local water authority remove these
           | naturally-acquired chemicals?
        
             | impossiblefork wrote:
             | Generally not, but we choose where we take our from water
             | from.
             | 
             | If there's too much fluoride in the rock water we take soil
             | or surface water instead, for example. If there's too much
             | fluoride in the water we do not supply it to people's taps,
             | but this is for values like 4 mg/L.
             | 
             | So we mostly don't take any measures. In Stockholm it's
             | apparently less than 0.2 mg/L though.
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | Is 0.2 mg/L the upper limit in Stockholm?
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Water is also toxic.
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | Fluoridated water, enriched flour, iodized salt, vaccines, etc.
         | are why we don't see diseases and conditions that plagued us in
         | the past and continue to plague people in places without these
         | measures.
         | 
         | Fluoridated water is the reason I've never had a cavity despite
         | growing up poor with a terrible diet, dental hygiene and care.
        
           | manmal wrote:
           | > Fluoridated water is the reason I've never had a cavity
           | despite growing up poor with a terrible diet, dental hygiene
           | and care.
           | 
           | I don't follow the leap here. You could just be blessed with
           | a good oral microbiome, proper calcium, D3 (sunlight
           | exposure?), K2 etc.
           | 
           | Going by your logic, there should be no dentists in the US.
        
           | gorgoiler wrote:
           | Enriched flour is another good example that I was hoping
           | someone would mention*.
           | 
           | It's worth noting that it's also slightly different in that
           | processed flour is deficient in thiamin and calcium, so the
           | fortification _adds back_ these nutrients.
           | 
           | On the other hand, processing water to make it potable
           | doesn't remove fluoride and so fluoridation is _not_ the
           | process of adding back something that was there beforehand.
           | 
           | *I searched this page and found _flouride_ and _flouridation_
           | four times before your comment.
        
           | the__alchemist wrote:
           | I've seen the enriched flour brought up a few times in this
           | thread, and not with the important caveat: This is a poor
           | substitute for the micronutrients that occur naturally in the
           | bran and endosperm; parts of the grain that we've been
           | stripping out for dubious reasons or 50-100 years. (In ~100%
           | of restaurant and bakery food; ~90% of grocery food)
        
         | ost-ing wrote:
         | Rather than taking choice away, we should be educating people
         | on what the best choice is and letting them make it themselves.
         | 
         | Brush your teeth in the morning and in the evening. Standard
         | dental hygiene - If a person can be an obedient worker they can
         | probably brush their teeth twice a day. If they cant, they have
         | bigger problems to sort out.
        
           | rusk wrote:
           | This is a fair point, and in modern times, where we have good
           | public health education it makes more sense to take this
           | approach.
           | 
           | However this comes with the weighty caveat that there are
           | public groups that actively agitate against public health
           | campaigns.
           | 
           | On balance I think defluoridation makes sense where you have
           | good public health communication.
        
           | NomDePlum wrote:
           | Is that not just a passive form of putting fluoride in the
           | water though? Government is still spending money but without
           | the desired outcome of having a healthier fitter population.
        
           | ericb wrote:
           | > educating people on what the best choice is and letting
           | them make it themselves.
           | 
           | If we go that way, we should have some sort of Department, to
           | make sure Of the Education being consistent.
        
         | baxuz wrote:
         | That is not a very good reason. An absurd version of that would
         | be putting antibiotics into the water because a lot of people
         | don't have health insurance and can get infections.
        
           | rusk wrote:
           | Comparing Fluoride and Antibiotics is absurd. At least one of
           | these things is supported by public health officials and
           | isn't unequivocally stupid.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | So if the Science(tm) said it was good to add antibiotics
             | (reduces illness!) and anti-psychotics (reduces violence!)
             | to the water supply, you'd be for it?
        
               | rusk wrote:
               | That's an even stupider comparison than the antibiotics
               | one.
               | 
               | Let's dismantle what you did here that you think is so
               | clever.
               | 
               | You took an absurd comparison of a tried and tested
               | naturally occurring substance with a substance that
               | public health professionals are trying to get us to use
               | less of.
               | 
               | You took that, and replaced it with an even more far-
               | fetched and even more generalised hypothetical.
               | 
               | At least, given your ignorance around antibiotics you
               | _might_ be forgiven for thinking it would be a good thing
               | to give antibiotics for all. I mean if it's good enough
               | for your food supply it should be good enough for humans
               | right? Ignore egg prices going through the roof cause
               | your flock has no innate immune system.
               | 
               | So then you replace that reasonable sounding but stupid
               | supposition and you replace it with "a word" that you
               | pulled out of the air that sounds like it might be a
               | thing and then wowed us with your abuse of glyphs(tm)
               | 
               | You are nothing but a depressing waste of time and
               | whoever is putting you up to this I'd suggest you go back
               | to them with your cap in hand and admit you're not up to
               | it.
               | 
               | I enjoyed that. Thanks for the run-out.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >You took an absurd comparison of a tried and tested
               | naturally occurring substance
               | 
               | It's ironic that you assert this, and then go on to claim
               | that I'm ignorant, when you seem to be the ignorant one.
               | Penicillin was originally derived from a mold and is one
               | of the popular antibiotics out there, so it's arguably
               | "tried and tested naturally occurring". The same is true
               | of lithium.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication)
               | 
               | >with a substance that public health professionals are
               | trying to get us to use less of.
               | 
               | Under the hypothetical of "if the Science(tm) said it was
               | good", this would not be a problem. If you can't
               | understand how hypotheticals work, I suggest _you_ stop
               | wasting my time.
        
               | rusk wrote:
               | You seem to be saying that because Lithium and Flouride
               | are both naturally occurring minerals, that would make it
               | okay to put Lithium in the water supply.
               | 
               | Please go on, the sun is out and I'm enjoying this.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >You seem to be saying that because Lithium and Flouride
               | are both naturally occurring minerals, that would make it
               | okay to put Lithium in the water supply.
               | 
               | 1. If you do a quick skim of the comment section, you'll
               | find no shortage of people unironically making such
               | argument.
               | 
               | 2. It might _seem_ I 'm making such claim if you're
               | rushed or have reading comprehension issues, but if you
               | read my comments more carefully you'd see I'm not making
               | no such claims, only posing it as a hypothetical.
        
         | pembrook wrote:
         | Always question whenever a highly educated and thoughtful (and
         | likely wealthy) person like this commenter is telling you poor
         | people are too stupid for their own good and can't make
         | decisions for themselves.
         | 
         | This is the definition of the principal-agent problem.
         | 
         | Also, "positive freedom" is a hilarious rebranding of
         | dictatorial decision making.
         | 
         | Why not grant more "positive freedom" to the people by deciding
         | exactly what these poor people should do for a living, how they
         | should live, and how they should spend their money. The experts
         | know best, after all.
         | 
         | I'm not even particularly against fluoride in water, but this
         | kind of reasoning is insidious. If the people have voted for
         | representatives that are against it, we should follow the will
         | of the people. This is the definition of democracy.
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with reduced
         | childhood IQ:
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/...
         | . Giving poor people (the ones who can't afford to drink
         | bottles water or buy a fancy filter) means to moderate their
         | fluoride intake this risk is creating lower-iq, more obedient
         | workers.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | The American view of "freedom" is all messed up. You're "free"
         | if the government doesn't tell you to do stuff. Even if
         | corporations make you do stuff, even if they make you do more
         | stuff the government did, that's somehow "free". And "stuff"
         | somehow only includes trivial things like water fluoridation.
         | No freedom-loving American patriot ever said America isn't free
         | because cops can just murder you if they don't like you.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | > The contrasting view is that putting fluoride in water is
         | literally medicating people without their affirmative consent.
         | 
         | Is that the contrasting view, or the contrasting view that is
         | preferred, because it is more easily demolished?
         | 
         | The stronger contrasting view isn't that the government is
         | medicating people without their affirmative consent. It's that
         | it's poisoning people, and no amount of consent by laymen to be
         | poisoned would be acceptable.
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | I think his view is much stronger, since the _intent_ is
           | obviously to medicate even if it may indeed be inadvertently
           | poisoning people in practice. So it doesn 't assume one truth
           | (poison or not) one way or the other, but still argues that
           | it should be unlawful. While your view is much more narrow
           | and suggests it should only be unlawful because it's
           | poisoning people, which then begs the question of whether it
           | is or not.
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | Fluoride occurs naturally in water, that's literally how we
           | discovered the effects of fluoride. People in areas where
           | water naturally contained more fluoride had less cavities.
           | 
           | Anything, including water itself, is toxic (not poisonous,
           | but I'm guessing you meant toxic, since fluoride is
           | definitely not poisonous) in high enough doses. So you could
           | say that about ANY mineral we may add to water to adjust its
           | taste or health effects.
           | 
           | I happen to think adding fluoride isn't worth the effort. But
           | the hysteria against it is also really dumb.
        
         | hilbert42 wrote:
         | So then, you'd also be against adding folate/folic acid to
         | bread for the same reason?
         | 
         | For those who don't know many countries including the US
         | mandate the inclusion of folic acid in bread and certain other
         | foods to ensure pregnant women get enough. A deficiency of
         | folic acid during pregnancy causes birth defects in infants.
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folate
        
           | aziaziazi wrote:
           | I never heard of that supplement (not a father) and was very
           | surprised to find 80 countries mandate it. I checked the list
           | (below) and it turns out the 80 countries are a bunch of poor
           | nations plus USA, UAE, Qatar, Canada and Australia. I guess
           | our medicare system supports the EU mothers fine enough so we
           | don't need to put that in the staple of food.
           | 
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5809909/ (Table 1)
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | It would be interesting to know why EU countries chose not
             | to mandate it. Also, I wonder if EU flour millers/producers
             | add it voluntarily, and whether flour produced in Canada
             | destined for EU markets leaves out the folate that's
             | mandated for inclusion in the Canadian market.
        
             | WrongAssumption wrote:
             | Or you have just been sweeping preventable birth defects
             | under the rug. The UK determined that had been happening
             | and are going to start doing it.
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c206d60xe7no
        
             | mandevil wrote:
             | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8264257/
             | 
             | 2023 Study:
             | 
             | "Despite Public Health Initiatives across Europe
             | recommending that women take 0.4 mg folic acid before
             | becoming pregnant and during the first trimester, the
             | prevalence of NTD pregnancies has not materially decreased
             | in the EU since 1998, in contrast to the dramatic fall
             | observed in the USA. This study aimed to estimate the
             | number of NTD pregnancies that would have been prevented if
             | flour had been fortified with folic acid in Europe from
             | 1998 as it had been in the USA."
             | 
             | "Conclusions: This study suggests that failure to implement
             | mandatory folic acid fortification in the 28 European
             | countries has caused, and continues to cause, neural tube
             | defects to occur in almost 1,000 pregnancies every year."
             | 
             | The most famous NTD is Spina Bifida, and most of them
             | aren't really fixable by modern health care. So this is
             | 1000 babies a year who are either born with severe birth
             | defects, or, in what I'm guessing is many cases, terminated
             | when they could have been born healthy with a flour
             | enrichment mandate.
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | I am against adding anything to a whole population to treat a
           | few, folate included. Here is why. Folate is a known
           | stimulant of some cancers.
           | 
           | https://aacrjournals.org/cebp/article/17/9/2220/169762/Folic.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13668-018-0237-y
           | 
           | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1463-1318..
           | ..
           | 
           | (And you know that the first line cancer treatments, like
           | methotrexate, are anti-folates.)
           | 
           | So while we are lowering birth defects, are we increasing
           | cancers at the same time? Has this ever been studied?
           | 
           | We are not a homogeneous population.
           | 
           | The same is true for fluoride. Some people have a fluoride
           | allergy:
           | 
           | https://www.aaaai.org/allergist-resources/ask-the-
           | expert/ans...
           | 
           | And while fluoride is known to prevent cavities, it also
           | makes tooth enamel brittle:
           | 
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00709-8
           | 
           | https://www.medindia.net/news/healthwatch/fluoride-
           | strengthe...
           | 
           | So I prefer to medicate myself, according to my own needs and
           | my own genetics, thank you.
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | Presumably, if you're in the US or any of those countries
             | that mandate folate then you don't eat bread or anything
             | containing flour--or you have to get special flour without
             | it.
             | 
             | I'd imagine that must be very difficult for you.
             | 
             | BTW, that fluoride reference refers to _excessive_ fluoride
             | in water whether natural or added. I 've not entered the
             | fluoride debate here except to ask a question. I'd
             | certainly object if fluoride levels were excessive in my
             | water supply.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | It is difficult, but not impossible. Many bakeries do not
               | add them to their dough and Whole Foods has some brands
               | without them.
               | 
               | Do not get me started on the IMP and GMP they are adding
               | to foods now...excitatory purine flavor enhancers in the
               | form of things like "Malted Barely Flour"
               | 
               | https://www.eurofins.com/media-centre/newsletters/food-
               | newsl...
               | 
               | https://www.cspinet.org/article/guanosine-monophosphate-
               | gmp-...
               | 
               | https://www.cspinet.org/article/inosine-monophosphate-
               | imp-di...
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" Folate is an essential water-soluble B vitamin found
               | in foods, including dark-green leafy vegetables and
               | legumes."_
               | 
               | The above quote from that Springer reference reminds me
               | of plant toxins in common foods especially in dark-green
               | leafy ones, spinach, rhubarb, etc. Oxalic acid is one of
               | the main ones but there are many others.
               | 
               | If you worry about what you eat you ought to be concerned
               | about these. It's understandable that these toxins exist
               | in these plants as they use them as protection against
               | insects etc. Incidentally, I use oxalic acid industrially
               | and I'm very careful how I handle it.
        
             | hansvm wrote:
             | Anti-folates (similarly with magnesium and a few other
             | things) are closer to chemotherapy than anything else. They
             | promote cancers because they promote nearly every human
             | cell, and the logic behind removing them is that since
             | cancer cells divide so comparatively rapidly they'll be
             | selectively targeted by a lack of division-enabling
             | nutrients. Most people absolutely shouldn't be restricting
             | their folate intake.
             | 
             | If we take your claim to its logical conclusion (that we
             | shouldn't add those vitamins and minerals to our foods
             | because they might hurt a small percentage of people), the
             | other side of the coin is that we should _remove_ extra
             | vitamins and minerals. If we don't, we're just implicitly
             | medicating a whole population rather than proactively
             | medicating them. Peanuts hurt some people; let's ban them
             | everywhere. End-stage kidney patients without full renal
             | failure often can't tolerate salt or phosphorus; let's not
             | salt any of our food and ban the sale of eggs and meats.
             | Diabetics can't easily tolerate a high glycemic load; let's
             | be extra safe and not use any sugars or alcohols.
             | 
             | Or...make reasonable population-level interventions and let
             | people with special needs handle their own special needs.
             | There are gluten-free breads, no-excess-folate flours, and
             | all sorts of things on the market.
             | 
             | While we're talking about baseline levels of B vitamins
             | (folate), did you know that most bakers are also dumping a
             | rich, broad-spectrum source of most B vitamins and trace
             | minerals into your bread? It's not just folate. They then
             | let that yeast further multiply for 2hr+ just to bump the
             | vitamin levels up (or, worse, add extra yeast at the start
             | to speed up the baking cycle).
        
             | nobodyandproud wrote:
             | So instead of the niche individuals and groups working
             | around society to meet their needs--because this absolutely
             | can be done today---those with an anti-flouridation belief
             | are mandating that the majority give up economy of scale
             | for something that it still wants and needs.
             | 
             | It's doubtful that this stance is being promoting in good
             | faith.
        
         | shireboy wrote:
         | This take has a few problems: Poor people in the US are capable
         | of using fluoride toothpaste and flossing. At least at homeless
         | shelters at outreach things I've been to, toothpaste and
         | toothbrushes are freely available. Your argument hinges on them
         | being incapable on the whole and needing a Benevolent But
         | Superior Intelligence to provide an alternative for them.
         | 
         | Second, it completely ignores any debate over effectiveness or
         | side effects. It could well be that fluoride in water is great
         | for teeth but bad for brains. The objections to fluoride in
         | water I've seen are more along those lines. Im not clear the
         | validity of those claims but for example anti fluoride
         | advocates don't typically object to chlorine in water to kill
         | germs. That seems the core issue- without bias from
         | stakeholders, is the benefit of fluoride proven and the risks
         | disproven? It's hard to answer because a study needs to span
         | many years and exclude many variables.
         | 
         | And in general I think that is what needs to happen with these
         | type debates. Take them _out_ of the sphere of charged
         | political opinion and focus on getting to the objective truth
         | of risks and benefits, then be transparent. People can handle
         | "here are the known pros and cons and what we think that means"
         | over "there are only pros and no cons and if you disagree you
         | hate poor people"
        
           | lee_ars wrote:
           | > Second, it completely ignores any debate over effectiveness
           | or side effects. It could well be that fluoride in water is
           | great for teeth but bad for brains.
           | 
           | Except it's not--fluoride in the drinking water
           | concentrations is proven safe and it doesn't affect brains.
           | 
           | > Im not clear the validity of those claims
           | 
           | Thoroughly scientifically debunked. Repeatedly, over decades.
           | 
           | > That seems the core issue- without bias from stakeholders,
           | is the benefit of fluoride proven and the risks disproven?
           | It's hard to answer because a study needs to span many years
           | and exclude many variables.
           | 
           | No, it's not hard to answer, because all those studies have
           | been done and the results were that fluoride is safe.
           | 
           | > And in general I think that is what needs to happen with
           | these type debates.
           | 
           | What needs to stop happening is people ignoring objective
           | reality just because the results happen to align with the
           | other "team's" position on something.
        
             | themgt wrote:
             | _What needs to stop happening is people ignoring objective
             | reality just because the results happen to align with the
             | other "team's" position on something._
             | 
             | "Out of a population of about three-quarters of a billion,
             | under 14 million people (approximately 2%) in Europe
             | receive artificially-fluoridated water."
             | 
             | The problem I continually see in the USA is the ascription
             | of differences of opinion on [any topic] to America's Great
             | Divide between enlightenment and barbarism. I find it often
             | helpful to just check, what do these policies look like
             | outside of America? It doesn't mean Europe got it right on
             | fluoride, it just suggests against adopting the framing
             | that your POV is 100% objective reality proven beyond doubt
             | by Science(tm) and no rational person not in the throes of
             | "own the [other team]" bad faith might disagree.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_by_country
             | #...
        
               | __s wrote:
               | Fluorinated table salt. Naturally fluorinated water
               | sources. Public healthcare that covers dental
               | 
               | European policy isn't based on modern fluoridation being
               | dangerous, it's based on having alternative systems in
               | place _(which vary by country)_
               | 
               | In Windsor Ontario, across from Detroit, they took
               | fluoride out of water for nearly a decade before
               | reversing that decision based on results:
               | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/fluoride-water-
               | system...
               | 
               | Maybe Utah will be a place with alternative systems,
               | based on another thread it sounds like they have an
               | interesting Mormon safety net. But I would hope states do
               | pilot tests first at least. If studies show that the
               | historic gap in dental health between fluorinated &
               | unfluorinated communities no longer apply, then that
               | would be data driven policy
               | 
               | But it seems like this policy is based on someone's
               | common sense that you shouldn't put minerals in water
        
               | madeofpalk wrote:
               | Look - all for whatever science says is best, but
               | wouldn't countries with public healthcare also be
               | incentivised to have fluoride in the water to reduce
               | costs/public efficiency of public dental healthcare?
        
               | shlant wrote:
               | this is a red herring. Who cares what other people are
               | doing - we should look at the evidence and make decisions
               | based on that.
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | the evidence can clme from seeing the results of what
               | other people are doing
        
               | __s wrote:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7546136 over half the
               | table salt in France has fluoride
               | 
               | This Nevada health info has an in depth response on page
               | 5 https://dpbh.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/dpbhnvgov/content/Pro
               | grams...
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | themgt quoted the 2% figure to show that the europoors
               | reject fluoride in water, but neglects to mention that
               | tap water often naturally contains significant levels of
               | fluoride already, nevermind other fluoride-fortified
               | foodstuffs.
        
               | m-s-y wrote:
               | It's iodine in table salt not fluoride. In the US.
               | 
               | Never knew that France fluoridated their salt.
        
               | ttyprintk wrote:
               | "Dual fortification" is mandatory in Mexico.
        
               | mandevil wrote:
               | "In Switzerland 85% of domestic salt consumed is
               | fluoridated and 67% in Germany. Salt fluoridation schemes
               | are reaching more than one hundred million in Mexico,
               | Colombia, Peru and Cuba. The cost of salt fluoridation is
               | very low, within 0.02 and 0.05 EUR per year and capita.
               | Children and adults of the low socio-economic strata tend
               | to have substantially more untreated caries than higher
               | strata. Salt fluoridation is by far the cheapest method
               | for improving oral health. "
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24308394/
               | 
               | (Sea salt and Kosher salt are the salts that aren't
               | fluoridated and iodated in those countries, fancy, more
               | expensive salts, regular table salt- and the salt added
               | in commercial/restaurants has both.)
               | 
               | So sure, you don't need to fluoridate the water, if you
               | fluoridate the salt instead. But you have to do it some
               | way or another. And the US and Canada doesn't, at present
               | fluoridate the salt because we have it in the water.
               | Remove it from some people's water but don't add it to
               | the salt because everyone else has it in the water? Bad
               | combination.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | >Public healthcare that covers dental
               | 
               | laughts nerviously in Dutch
        
               | __s wrote:
               | heh, I feel it, I'm in Canada where oral healthcare is
               | deemed cosmetic. Giving us some 22minutes satire:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZsUp-DHMZ4 "do people
               | really need to see & chew?"
               | 
               | That said, WHO does profiles of dental health, providing
               | comparison:
               | 
               | https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-
               | profil...
               | 
               | https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-
               | profil...
               | 
               | & for my own interest, Canada:
               | https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-
               | profil...
        
               | dashundchen wrote:
               | Didn't the NDP and Liberals recently pass universal
               | government payer dental coverage in Canada?
               | 
               | It never made sense that dentistry somehow is considered
               | a separate form of healthcare from the rest of your body.
               | 
               | Especially considering researchers are increasingly
               | finding links between oral health and other conditions
               | such as Alzheimer's heart disease. And that preventative
               | dental care is so much cheaper and less invasive than
               | treating major decay when care is delayed.
        
               | jagger27 wrote:
               | It's not universal, but yes there is some coverage for
               | young, old, and disabled people.
               | 
               | https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/dental/dental-
               | car...
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | yeah what EU country does that? Not Denmark...
        
               | ricardobayes wrote:
               | Neither Spain apart from under 18 and pulling teeth.
        
               | davedx wrote:
               | Ah yeah with our yearly widening own risk insurance too.
               | Great system... for health insurance companies
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | > based on another thread it sounds like they have an
               | interesting Mormon safety net
               | 
               | as long as you're Mormon. Approximately 60% of the state.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | In many US states, Medicaid covers dental. CHIPs, for
               | kids, covers dental in every state.
        
               | VincentEvans wrote:
               | When you watch any British tv the first thing you notice
               | is teeth indeed.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | in better condition than American teeth, studies find:
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20150602-do-the-
               | british...
        
               | EliRivers wrote:
               | Indeed. While the UK and the USA have comparable levels
               | of dental health, in US television actors typically
               | require very good (or rather, cosmetically appealing
               | according to local norms) teeth in order to succeed. In
               | the UK, it's less important.
        
               | darreninthenet wrote:
               | Not just comparable, UK is actually a bit higher. The
               | difference is the NHS doesn't cover anything cosmetic, so
               | they are very healthy teeth but they look rubbish unless
               | you're lucky.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | > Except it's not--fluoride in the drinking water
             | concentrations is proven safe and it doesn't affect brains.
             | 
             | You mean like this: Fluoride Exposure and Children's IQ
             | Scores A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, https://jaman
             | etwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/...
             | 
             | "Findings: Despite differences in exposure and outcome
             | measures and risk of bias across studies, and when using
             | group-level and individual-level exposure estimates, this
             | systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 cross-sectional
             | and prospective cohort studies found significant inverse
             | associations between fluoride exposure and children's IQ
             | scores. [...]"
             | 
             | Maybe you should reconsider that what you heard once was
             | the definite truth.
        
               | anyonecancode wrote:
               | Isn't this talking about naturally-occurring
               | fluoridation, not added? The concentrations they describe
               | as having an inverse affect are far higher than what gets
               | added to water on purpose:
               | 
               | What the study measured:
               | 
               | "For fluoride measured in water, associations remained
               | inverse when exposed groups were restricted to less than
               | 4 mg/L or less than 2 mg/L but not when restricted to
               | less than 1.5 mg/L"
               | 
               | And what the US federal government recommends (or I guess
               | soon, previously recommended):
               | 
               | "Through this final recommendation, the U.S. Public
               | Health Service (PHS) updates and replaces its 1962
               | Drinking Water Standards related to community water
               | fluoridation--the controlled addition of a fluoride
               | compound to a community water supply to achieve a
               | concentration optimal for dental caries prevention.1 For
               | these community water systems that add fluoride, PHS now
               | recommends an optimal fluoride concentration of 0.7
               | milligrams/liter (mg/L)" [1]
               | 
               | Note, too, the study's section on Study sample;
               | 
               | "No studies were conducted in the United States."
               | 
               | [1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4547570/
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | The source of fluoride is irrelevant, the effect of
               | fluoride is cumulative. If you're getting half of the
               | "harmful dosage" just from your water, you're much more
               | likely to pass that threshold than if the water had no
               | fluoride. In nations with easy access to fluoridated
               | toothpaste and where dental hygiene is common, the cost-
               | benefit is not at all clear.
        
               | fzeroracer wrote:
               | If the source of fluoride is irrelevant, then shouldn't
               | fluoridated toothpaste also be banned as a result of
               | harmful dosages? Even assuming someone spits out said
               | toothpaste, they are still increasing the fluoride levels
               | in their body.
        
               | Thorrez wrote:
               | The US government isn't forcing people to use fluoridated
               | toothpaste. There's plenty of non-fluoridated toothpaste
               | available if people want it.
               | 
               | Also: fluoride works topically, not when ingested. That
               | implies we should try to deliver fluoride to teeth in a
               | way that is focused on topical application (toothpaste),
               | not ingestion (water supply).
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | Nobody is banning fluoride. They're just deciding not to
               | include it by default in the drinking water.
        
               | Thorrez wrote:
               | If people getting under 2mg/L were getting harmed,
               | doesn't it seem logical that people getting 0.7 mg/L
               | would also get harmed, just by a smaller amount?
        
               | anyonecancode wrote:
               | Not necessarily. For instance, if you take enough
               | ibuprofen you'll suffer liver damage, but it doesn't
               | follow that a smaller dose you'll still suffer damage.
               | 
               | I only really have enough general understanding of
               | chemistry and biology to note that dosage generally is
               | pretty important and often non-linear in its effects -- I
               | write JavaScript, not drug formulations -- but "dosage
               | makes the poison" has always struck me a good general
               | purpose aphorism to keep in mind.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | That is not a study of drinking water concentrations, but
               | much higher naturally occurring levels. Its also has
               | pretty poor confidence intervals:
               | 
               | https://journalistsresource.org/home/how-to-read-this-
               | study-...
               | 
               | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-
               | abst...
               | 
               | I would be careful throwing a single study around as
               | proof of anything, here is one with a different
               | conclusion:
               | 
               | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00220345241
               | 299...
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | The source of fluoride is irrelevant, the effect of
               | fluoride is cumulative. If you get 0.7mg/L from drinking
               | water and then add toothpaste and other sources, you
               | could easily surmount the level where harmful effects
               | occur.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | You are making a lot of assumptions to fit your
               | narrative, the higher natural source would also be
               | cumulative with toothpaste etc.
               | 
               | There is no conclusive data to support your assertion and
               | there is a lot of data to support the benefits of
               | fluoridation.
               | 
               | Did you actually read any of what I posted to understand
               | it or is your mind already made up?
        
               | NoahZuniga wrote:
               | > For fluoride measured in water, associations remained
               | inverse when exposed groups were restricted to less than
               | 4 mg/L or less than 2 mg/L but not when restricted to
               | less than 1.5 mg/L;
               | 
               | So this study found no negative effects on IQ when the
               | fluoride concentration is less than 1.5mg/L
               | 
               | The U.S. Public Health Service recommends 0.7mg/L of
               | fluoride[1]. This study supports the idea that the amount
               | of fluoride used in the US drinking water is safe.
               | 
               | I couldn't find any information on how much fluoride is
               | in utah drinking water as a whole, but a report from
               | Davis County shows that they stay between 0.6mg/L and
               | 0.8mg/L [2]. I'd say its fair to assume basically all the
               | water in Utah doesn't have too much fluoride, and if it
               | did, lowering the amount to 0.7mg/L would be enough to
               | address the health concerns.
               | 
               | 1: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4547570 2:
               | https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/962361.pdf
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43525098
        
               | lee_ars wrote:
               | Hah. Maybe, as noted by others, you should read the study
               | cited before assuming its conclusions support your
               | argument. Which they do not.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Maybe apply some critical thinking and notice that the
               | water levels from fluoridation _add on top_ of any other
               | sources of fluoride people ingest, eg. toothpaste, food,
               | etc.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | I think _you_ should read it. It literally says fluoride
               | in higher concentrations is linked to lower IQ. It says
               | there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions in
               | lower concentrations. NOT that fluoride in lower
               | concentrations is definitely without a doubt safe. It
               | leaves open the question. And, it studied fluoride in
               | urine, which means even if the drinking water levels in
               | the US are in the "insufficient data" range, the
               | cumulative effect of multiple sources of fluoride is
               | still a factor.
               | 
               | Also note that in reality 0.7 mg/L is the "low" value and
               | 1.5 mg/L is the high water mark from the study. That's
               | not a huge window by any means...
        
             | jongjong wrote:
             | > fluoride in the drinking water concentrations is proven
             | safe and it doesn't affect brains.
             | 
             | We can never be sure who funded the studies and whether or
             | not the results can be trusted. Studies have shown that
             | studies cannot be trusted. I err on the side of caution.
             | 
             | You're welcome to put it in your own drinking water if you
             | trust the studies.
             | 
             | > What needs to stop happening is people ignoring objective
             | reality just because the results happen to align with the
             | other "team's" position on something.
             | 
             | Nobody can perceive objective reality. Everyone is
             | delusional concerning just about everything. The people who
             | think they know what's going on, are most delusional of
             | all.
             | 
             | Dark times are ahead, I'm afraid, and people's trust-meters
             | are going to be valuable again.
        
               | drakonka wrote:
               | > We can never be sure who funded the studies and whether
               | or not the results can be trusted. Studies have shown
               | that studies cannot be trusted. I err on the side of
               | caution.
               | 
               | What does this mean for you in practice? Do you see just
               | fluoride studies this way, or "studies" in general? If
               | the former, what makes those different? If the latter,
               | what is your stance on science-backed decision-making and
               | policymaking in general?
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | Just listen to the dear leader, they use common sense and
               | need no science to see obvious
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > We can never be sure who funded the studies and whether
               | or not the results can be trusted
               | 
               | > Nobody can perceive objective reality. Everyone is
               | delusional concerning just about everything
               | 
               | This is just hyper-cynical fear mongering. An excuse to
               | reject inconvenient things you see and substitute them
               | with your own alternative reality.
               | 
               | The people who sell fear and things like alternative
               | medicine love to push this angle: They want you to
               | distrust everything. Everything except what they tell
               | you, of course.
        
               | shlant wrote:
               | > We can never be sure who funded the studies and whether
               | or not the results can be trusted. Studies have shown
               | that studies cannot be trusted
               | 
               | the growing prevalence of anti science thinking like this
               | has been a disaster for humanity. There's so much time
               | and good faith effort put into trying to better
               | understand our reality then people like you come along
               | and handwave it all away because "well can we really know
               | anything"
        
               | TheCraiggers wrote:
               | > Studies have shown that studies cannot be trusted.
               | 
               | Well, that's basically the end of the debate, isn't it?
               | Before we can have reasonable discourse, everyone has to
               | agree on some points. Sure, individual studies have
               | problems. That's why we make them reproducible and
               | aggregate the results. So yeah, don't trust some
               | individual paper; but if you're distrusting the
               | _aggregate_ , well, you're distrusting all of science.
               | 
               | > Nobody can perceive objective reality. Everyone is
               | delusional concerning just about everything.
               | 
               | This is the _entire point_ of the scientific method. It
               | 's why we make sure tests are reproducible by other
               | people in other teams in other countries. Each with their
               | own funding and biases. What remains after all of that is
               | as close to objective reality as possible without
               | decompiling the universe.
               | 
               | > Dark times are ahead, I'm afraid, and people's trust-
               | meters are going to be valuable again.
               | 
               | You know what _else_ has been shown to be unequivocal
               | bullshit? People making decisions based on their  "gut".
               | Your personal "trust-meter" is just another form of that.
               | Dark times are indeed ahead, but it's because there are
               | people out there who want to do whatever the hell they
               | want- and it's easier for them to get away with it if
               | they discredit science and get the population to do so as
               | well. This is what you're helping by spreading such
               | things. Please stop.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | How does one live or even function with no trust? You're
               | going to do your own experiments on everything in your
               | life? Do you purchase any food, take any medicines,
               | travel in any vehicles, or use any technology? You're
               | relying on products that are the outcome of studies if
               | you do. Sure people are fallible and sometimes have
               | agendas or are wrong, but approaching objectivity is not
               | impossible, it just takes a little work. Science is the
               | best thing we've got, it has brought humanity further and
               | faster than anything else ever. There's nothing else to
               | even compare it to. If we throw our hands up and insist
               | on trusting no one, dismantle public health and public
               | education and public trust, then yeah we could go back to
               | the dark ages. If instead we trust that science works
               | over time, and we are diligent about electing leaders who
               | stop stoking fears and using pseudoscience and
               | intentionally eroding trust in science and education,
               | then we might have the chance to be able to trust each
               | other and make forward progress.
        
             | mdorazio wrote:
             | I'm not saying you're wrong, but you made multiple strong
             | claims without a single citation or study link. We could
             | have a better conversation with data to look at. There's a
             | decent (though somewhat biased) review of the debate in
             | [1]. It's worth noting that if you read the linked studies
             | there closely you'll find the truth is, as usual, nuanced.
             | Specifically, that "fluoridation is a population-level
             | caries preventive strategy" [which may or may not be
             | effective at the individual or small community level due to
             | other factors]. I.e., good at the national level for
             | statistically significant reduction of tooth disease
             | incidence, but at less-aggregated levels the confounding
             | factors like diet and how often/well people brush their
             | teeth are going to be bigger determinants of efficacy.
             | 
             | It's also worth nothing that 1) over-fluoridation is pretty
             | bad and can affect poor or malnourished communities (ex,
             | [2]); and 2) there are alternatives to fluoride that may be
             | equally effective with fewer risks at higher concentrations
             | (ex. nano hydroxyapatite).
             | 
             | [1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2222595/
             | 
             | [2] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643380600
             | 67811...
        
               | lee_ars wrote:
               | That's a whole lot of words for you acknowledging that
               | I'm right. Fluoridated drinking water, at the appropriate
               | levels, has no effect on IQ.
               | 
               | Would you like to debate the reality of anthropogenic
               | climate change next? This will be another area where any
               | links you dig up will only point to a single conclusion.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | You missed the point. It's not objectively true in all
               | situations that if you don't believe fluorinating water
               | is necessary that you're an a-scientific bad faith actor.
               | One can argue the opposite position in good faith,
               | reasonably. Your statements very strongly supposed that
               | this is a solved case closed topic and any challenges are
               | not supported by evidence. The response was that there is
               | nuance and a better conversation would acknowledge it.
        
               | ToucanLoucan wrote:
               | > You missed the point. It's not objectively true in all
               | situations that if you don't believe fluorinating water
               | is necessary that you're an a-scientific bad faith actor.
               | 
               | That's not what was being debated. What was asserted was
               | that fluoride in water lowers IQ, a position that has
               | been so thoroughly debunked at this point, that if, much
               | like being anti-vax or thinking climate change doesn't
               | exist, any continued movement reinforcing it is almost by
               | definition bad faith. The information exists and short of
               | purposely going out and looking for contrarian nonsense
               | relative to the established position of science on the
               | subject, you and everyone else can find it.
               | 
               | As frustrating as it is that "do your own research" has
               | been basically ruined as a phrase by the professional
               | internet bullshitter industrial complex, _you really
               | should,_ with a nod to the need for critical analysis of
               | sources, an important part of that that frequently gets
               | left to the side.
               | 
               | > Your statements very strongly supposed that this is a
               | solved case closed topic
               | 
               | Because it is, and we need more of that and less endless
               | citation. Not because citation is impossible or bad, but
               | because we don't need to keep arguing every last point.
               | If you think certain things, like fluoride lowers IQ, or
               | that climate change doesn't exist, you are not needing an
               | intellectual rebuke, you're needing enough people making
               | fun of you that you stop spouting horseshit and go learn
               | about things. All of humanity's knowledge is at your
               | fingertips. It is not the responsibility of reasonable
               | people to educate you against your will.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | I guess I (and probably the GGP) understood the response
               | to be more general, picking out the IQ point as easily
               | refutable therefore a short-circuit way to dismiss the
               | broader narrative.
        
               | uppost wrote:
               | I've never thought much about it as tap water tastes
               | nasty to me, but it does seem like legit scientists are
               | still studying the issue, as of 2023.[0] Course we over
               | produce scientists and so much of science is low
               | efficiency, but they're getting funding and being
               | published none-the-less.
               | 
               | 0 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892
               | 03622...
        
               | yunwal wrote:
               | Maybe time to start making fun of the associated press
               | then?
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/fluoride-water-brain-
               | neurology-iq...
               | 
               | There are also other harmful side effects of fluoride,
               | such as fluorosis, which I have. It's not a huge deal,
               | and I personally still think it's a huge net positive,
               | but people should be allowed to make their own decisions,
               | and the science is far less settled than you claim, and
               | not comparable at all to the debate over climate change.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | I'm actually now much less certain that fluoride is
               | unequivocally safe and newly skeptical of anybody arguing
               | that anybody else questioning it, including effects on
               | the brain, is a whacko. Thanks to down-thread links to
               | the meta analysis from this year by the national
               | toxicology program, it is crystal clear that high levels
               | of fluoride ARE linked to lower IQ. It begs the question
               | about working to better understand the effects of lower
               | levels. Absolutely nothing presented thus far draws the
               | conclusion that low levels of fluoride are safe, full
               | stop. Thank you for changing my mind and making me look
               | deeper, fervent fluoride supporters.
        
               | uppost wrote:
               | The "let's have a nuanced debate and use reason and
               | intellect" bias is useful in most contexts. Bold claims,
               | hot takes, that's the future. Citations can be ai'd now.
        
               | losvedir wrote:
               | > Fluoridated drinking water, at the appropriate levels
               | 
               | Going to hijack this comment to ask about something I've
               | always wondered: how robust are "appropriate" drinking
               | levels to the different things you can reasonably expect
               | people to do with the water? Not all water is simply
               | drunk as is.
               | 
               | For example, I like to make beans in my slow cooker. This
               | involves simmering them for 9 or 10 hours, periodically
               | adding more water. In theory, this will increase the
               | concentration of fluoride because the fluoride doesn't
               | boil off while the water does. I assume, based on how
               | much water I need to keep adding, this could double the
               | fluoride concentration. Is that still appropriate levels?
               | What about a cup that has been left out such that a lot
               | of the water evaporates? That won't increase the amount
               | of fluoride, but will increase its concentration.
               | 
               | I have to assume the "wiggle room" they build into the
               | fluoridation rate handles these cases, but it's been hard
               | to find any details on it since most of the results are
               | about stuff like boiling water removing fluoride or
               | turning it into poison fluorine gas and stuff.
               | 
               | Nevertheless, every time I see discussion where people
               | talk about safe levels, I wonder how that works with all
               | the things people do with water other than just drinking
               | it as is.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | If there were issues, they'd appear at population level
               | studies. Lots of people boil coffee, tea, potatoes, rice,
               | etc. and, as far as I know, are not suffering brain
               | damage as a result.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | And how does the fluoride get in the water? Our water
               | tastes strongly of chlorine because we are near the
               | treatment plant and they put in enough so that it's still
               | effective at the edges of the system. I don't know if
               | fluoride works the same way, but what makes people think
               | it's always added at exactly the right levels?
        
               | thePhytochemist wrote:
               | The chlorine you are tasting in your water is an active,
               | reacting compound. It has to be because it literally
               | reacts with cells to kill them and keep the water
               | (relatively) free from living organisms. It's great as a
               | cheap way to keep living things out of the water but at
               | the end of the pipe it should be removed - a simple Brita
               | filter is fine.
               | 
               | Flouride added is in a chemical state that makes it
               | stable, like the chlorine in table salt. It will stay at
               | the same concentration as it travels in the pipe.
               | 
               | I remember this from a water chemistry course at
               | university.
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | Please define appropriate levels and then cite some
               | evidence that proves with high certainty that level is
               | safe.
               | 
               | For the sake of argument, assume that only 1% of the US
               | has levels that harm IQ. Would it not be worth it to
               | remove fluoride from the water to improve the
               | intelligence of 1% of the population? Especially when you
               | consider we can get fluoride from toothpaste?
        
             | tashar wrote:
             | > Thoroughly scientifically debunked. Repeatedly, over
             | decades.
             | 
             | "The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence,
             | that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking
             | water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per
             | liter, are associated with lower IQ in children"
             | 
             | This is from an NIH meta-analysis. Its a pretty rigorous
             | study.
             | 
             | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer
             | /...
             | 
             | "It is important to note that there were insufficient data
             | to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg/L
             | currently recommended for U.S. community water supplies has
             | a negative effect on children's IQ"
             | 
             | This is why there's such a fierce debate. Based on the most
             | recent scientific literature there seems to be evidence of
             | a dose-dependent effect of fluorine levels in water and
             | lowered IQ in children, meaning it has some kind of
             | neurotoxic effect. But we don't have robust evidence to say
             | 0.7 mg/L has a similar effect. That doesn't mean it is
             | DEFINITELY safe, it just means more research needs to be
             | done and the current research that does cover the 0.7 mg/L
             | range may not reach statistical significance.
             | 
             | The fact though the NIH suggests 1.5mg/L is likely unsafe,
             | which is only 2x what America's tap water contains, I would
             | not blame people for being uneasy about. It is often the
             | case the that the FDA regulates food additives that have
             | potential negative side effects to be limited to
             | concentrations 10x lower than what is seen as unsafe.
             | 
             | I am not suggesting it's a straightforward choice to
             | defluorinate water, but I see people often repeating claims
             | like you have that dangers of fluoride are "thoroughly
             | debunked" and that's simply not true. I don't blame people
             | for having that sentiment either, because 0.7mg/L is
             | seemingly still considered safe, and some of the loudest
             | advocates of defluorination have no shortage of thoroughly
             | debunked crazy views on things (possibly due to brains half
             | eaten by worms). It makes it very easy to brush off the
             | skepticism.
             | 
             | But it's also important to keep in mind science is built on
             | the premise that one must be ready to re-evaluate past
             | assumptions when new data arises, and generally speaking
             | the new data around fluoride I hate to say seems to show
             | there is indeed smoke.
             | 
             | It's also the case that when the US initially fluorinated
             | water supplies it was a massive public health success, but
             | these days it seems to make a much lower impact now that
             | fluoride toothpaste use is ubiquitous (plus the levels were
             | lowered from 1.0mg/L in the 70s, likely reducing its
             | overall effectiveness). It is IMO both very reasonable to
             | fund more research into this to know conclusively if
             | 0.7mg/L is indeed safe, and also consider public health
             | policy that focuses on promoting dental hygiene through
             | other means in places that do defluorinate.
             | 
             | I do not agree with Utah's decision here mostly because it
             | seems to neglect that defluorination will create a void
             | that requires other public health policy efforts to fill
             | it, poorer and less educated communities will suffer unless
             | government led efforts to promote and make dental hygine
             | affordable are not also undertaken.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > It is IMO both very reasonable to fund more research
               | into this to know conclusively if 0.7mg/L is indeed safe
               | 
               | How exactly do you propose we do this? It's tough to
               | prove absence of harm.
               | 
               | The meta-analysis put together tons of research under
               | different situations, and found a weak and relatively
               | small dose-response relationship above 1.0 mg/L and
               | failed to find a relationship below. The evidence between
               | 1.0mg/L and 1.5mg/L is particularly weak. And, of course,
               | most dose-response curves are sigmoidal, so the failure
               | to find a response under 1.0 mg/L is most easily
               | explained by the inflection point being above that level.
               | 
               | If you're not satisfied when combining 74 studies fails
               | to find a relationship, will you be happy with 75? 76?
               | 100?
               | 
               | (Sure, a big proportion of the studies and study power
               | focused on higher levels of fluorination-- and I always
               | support filling gaps in research; but it's not like we
               | have an absence of research below 1.5 mg/L).
        
               | tashar wrote:
               | Well I mean the flip side is... does community water
               | fluorination at its current levels actually help?
               | 
               | https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858
               | .CD...
               | 
               | The Cochrane Collaboration's research is near the gold
               | standard, and yet they find surprisingly limited evidence
               | of benefit for CWF in the modern research:
               | 
               | "These low-certainty findings (a 4 percentage point
               | difference and 3 percentage point difference for primary
               | and permanent dentition, respectively) favoured CWF."
               | 
               | 3-4% reduction in cavities is not nothing, but it's a far
               | cry from the 60% drop observed in the 1940s and certainly
               | much less than what I think most strong proponents of
               | water fluoridation would have you believe. The ongoing
               | discussion I find quite legitimate given we're no longer
               | living in the 1940s and CWF seems to have a substantially
               | lower benefit than it once did, and likewise we do notice
               | a concerning trend with fluorine neurotoxicity that has
               | only emerged in the last few decades of research.
               | 
               | Public health policy is all about a risk/benefit
               | analysis, and CWF is one of those topics that I feel
               | legitimately should be discussed because much has changed
               | over the many decades since the US first introduced it
               | and since then the risks seemingly have gone up and the
               | benefit has astronomically gone down.
               | 
               | Again, I do not think there'd be much discussion if
               | current water fluorination was at 0.15mg/L, and we
               | started seeing a negative trend at 1.5mg/L. But I don't
               | think its actually at all unreasonable for public health
               | officials to be worried and possibly start considering
               | alternatives to CWF out of an abundance of caution.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | 3-4% of your teeth is an entire tooth.
        
               | arijun wrote:
               | > but it's not like we have an absence of research below
               | 1.5 mg/L).
               | 
               | But it is?
               | 
               | >> "It is important to note that there were _insufficient
               | data_ to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg /L
               | currently recommended for U.S. community water supplies
               | has a negative effect on children's IQ"
               | 
               | Yes you would need a higher powered study to rule out the
               | potentially smaller effect, but when your treatment can
               | affect tens of millions of children, it doesn't seem
               | crazy to ask for more funding.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > > but it's not like we have an absence of research
               | below 1.5 mg/L).
               | 
               | > But it is?
               | 
               | But it isn't. There's 7 studies included in that meta-
               | analysis looking at levels below 1.5mg/L, covering 2832
               | children. The effect measured so far across all of the
               | studies is a statistically insignificant _increase_ in
               | IQ.
               | 
               | I'm in favor of additional research; I just don't think
               | getting to n=10,000 showing little or no effect is going
               | to convince anyone. I also don't think that these
               | possible modest effects are going to be in the top 5 most
               | important environmental stressors to measure the effects
               | of.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | > Except it's not--fluoride in the drinking water
             | concentrations is proven safe and it doesn't affect brains.
             | 
             | What's amazing is these anti-science wackos are rejecting
             | the largest-scale experiment of all time, with the best
             | evidence that anyone is ever going to have on the subject.
             | We have both temporal and spatial boundary conditions with
             | and without community water fluoridation, where a large
             | population has it and another large population doesn't have
             | it. There is _no_ evidence that the without-fluoridation
             | population has higher intelligence! There is a _huge body
             | of evidence_ that the people without fluoridation have more
             | decayed teeth.
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | Before calling them "anti science wackos", why not review
               | the evidence or cite some of your own. Ironic that the
               | "wackos" seem to be the only ones providing any evidence
               | for their claims.
               | 
               | There is high quality evidence that fluoride at levels
               | contained in some US water supplies is associated with
               | lower childhood intelligence. For lower levels, the
               | conclusion is "we don't know", not that there is no harm.
               | 
               | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncanc
               | er/...
               | 
               | There is also high quality evidence that in the age of
               | fluorinated toothpaste, fluorinated water "may slightly"
               | improve dental health.
               | 
               | "The evidence suggests that water fluoridation may
               | slightly reduce tooth decay in children," says co-author
               | Dr Lucy O'Malley, Senior Lecturer in Health Services
               | Research at the University of Manchester. "Given that the
               | benefit has reduced over time, before introducing a new
               | fluoridation scheme, careful thought needs to be given to
               | costs, acceptability, feasibility and ongoing
               | monitoring."
               | 
               | https://www.cochrane.org/news/water-fluoridation-less-
               | effect...
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | The literally bold-faced conclusion of your article is
               | that no evidence exists that community water fluoridation
               | affects childhood IQ.
               | 
               | We have a natural experiment running for 80 years where
               | each arm of the experiment has N > 100e6. If there was
               | going to be evidence of community water fluoridation
               | lowering IQ, it would have emerged by now.
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | "The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence,
               | that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking
               | water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per
               | liter, are associated with lower IQ in children".
               | 
               | They found drinking water with levels that lowered IQ.
               | The actual conclusion was that higher levels (that were
               | found in drinking water) lower IQ.
               | 
               | For lower levels the conclusion is we don't know how it
               | effects IQ. The actual bold face conclusion is "More
               | research is needed to better understand if there are
               | health risks associated with low fluoride exposures".
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | While I would like to think that I have gotten a lot
             | smarter in the last 20 years it seems more likely that
             | other people have on average gotten a lot dumber.
             | 
             | While I'm sure there are many causes I'm of the opinion
             | that no stone should remain unturned when looking for
             | answers. Fluorine in water has a viable alternative
             | (toothpaste that is spit out) so out of an abundance of
             | caution my preference is for unflurinated water. In my past
             | life as an applied researcher I have learned to be rather
             | distrustful of academia and the 'science' that is produced,
             | 'fruit from a poisonous tree'.
        
             | oaktrout wrote:
             | The conclusion from the largest and strongest studyies is
             | that there is a certain level of fluoride that harms IQ: ht
             | tps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/.
             | ...
             | 
             | "The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence,
             | that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking
             | water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per
             | liter, are associated with lower IQ in children"
             | 
             | They found fluoride in drinking water concentrations was
             | associated with lower IQ, the opposite of your claim of
             | "proven safe".
             | 
             | Show us some evidence that is proven safe, so far as I can
             | tell all evidence points to unsafe or "we're not sure".
             | 
             | > What needs to stop happening is people ignoring objective
             | reality just because the results happen to align with the
             | other "team's" position on something.
             | 
             | I couldn't agree more. The study that is cited above
             | started when Obama was president by the way.
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | Why did you omit the sentence immediately after the one
               | you quoted?
               | 
               |  _> The NTP review was designed to evaluate total
               | fluoride exposure from all sources and was not designed
               | to evaluate the health effects of fluoridated drinking
               | water alone._
               | 
               | ...or the following sentence, which they bolded to ensure
               | the reader wouldn't miss it?
               | 
               |  _> It is important to note that there were insufficient
               | data to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg /L
               | currently recommended for U.S. community water supplies
               | has a negative effect on children's IQ._
               | 
               | So no, they _very explicitly did not find_ that fluoride
               | in drinking water concentrations was associated with
               | lower IQ.
        
               | tolidano wrote:
               | I know why! I know why! Pick me!
               | 
               | It's because it doesn't help prove their incorrect point.
        
               | don_neufeld wrote:
               | Anyone who talks about _who was President_ when a study
               | was done is immediately clarifying for you that they have
               | a political agenda.
               | 
               | If there's a problem with a study, or a study is
               | particularly strong, that should be due to something
               | about the study itself (methodology, significance of
               | results, etc), not its political environment.
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | The study and my quote literally say " drinking water
               | containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per
               | liter".
               | 
               | It did not find it lowered IQ in all drinking water
               | concentrations, but it definitely found it in some
               | drinking water concentrations.
               | 
               | So yes, they did explicitly find fluoride in drinking
               | water at certain concentrations was associated with lower
               | IQ.
               | 
               | Are you defining "drinking water concentrations" as
               | "concentrations that have not been shown to be associated
               | with lower IQ."?
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | I see the goalposts are moving from "fluoride in drinking
               | water concentrations" (implication: concentrations
               | commonly found in municipal drinking water) to "fluoride
               | in drinking water _at certain_ concentrations " (i.e. any
               | arbitrary number that could support your position).
               | 
               | Anyway, there's a pretty obvious definition of "drinking
               | water concentrations": the recommended amount for US
               | drinking water. Again, the authors of the study bolded
               | this sentence to ensure you wouldn't miss it:
               | 
               |  _> It is important to note that there were insufficient
               | data to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg /L
               | currently recommended for U.S. community water supplies
               | has a negative effect on children's IQ._
        
               | oaktrout wrote:
               | My first sentence in my original post was " The
               | conclusion from the largest and strongest studies is that
               | there is a certain level of fluoride that harms IQ." I
               | did not move the goal posts from there.
               | 
               | I was replying to a comment that said "fluoride in the
               | drinking water concentrations is proven safe" (there is
               | actually no proof of this).
               | 
               | I never claimed that all fluoride levels harm IQ.
               | 
               | It's great that the US recommends that fluoride doesn't
               | exceed levels that are proven to harm children's IQ,
               | instead they only recommend levels for which there is
               | "insufficient data".
               | 
               | I suppose we will ignore the people who are still
               | drinking water with levels above what is known to be
               | harmful.
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | To be clear, about whom exactly are we talking here? Who
               | are the _actual people_ drinking water with known harmful
               | levels of fluoride that we're ignoring?
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | Truth and even the idea that there is objective truth is a
           | fundamentally political concept. Authoritarians are opposed
           | to the idea of objective truth because objective truth gives
           | a person a foundation on which to criticize and dissent from
           | those in power. Truth is threatening to authoritarians. Truth
           | is an alternative source of legitimacy.
           | 
           | We are experiencing an assault on objective truth in the US
           | in order to get scientific institutions to submit to
           | political authority rather than the authority of reason.
           | 
           | So I agree with you, it is policy that should not be handled
           | by politicians but by experts, which none of us are.
           | Unfortunately science is being politicized.
           | 
           | The problem is science challenges those who derive power from
           | means other than reason.
           | 
           | Defending scientific consensus is seen as an equally
           | political act as denying it.
        
             | mlinhares wrote:
             | Tolerating this slippery slope that "theres always the
             | other side" is how we got to a place where I have to
             | vaccinate again for measles at 40 because there are people
             | out there saying the measles vaccine isn't safe.
        
             | dcow wrote:
             | I don't agree with the framing of "we are experiencing an
             | assault on objective truth...".
             | 
             | We are experiencing a challenge to some existing status quo
             | practices, some of which have come out of science in the
             | past.
             | 
             | But nowhere in any conversation has the dialog been "we
             | must question status quo institutional knowledge, and
             | objective truth, to dismantle the institution". (That's
             | left speak, actually, and I am acutely aware of leftist
             | circles where that _is_ the conversation.)
             | 
             | Look at RFK Jr. This guy doesn't need power and control.
             | He's a whacko with some different beliefs about health--who
             | fundamentally believes he's making humans safer because of
             | his negative lived experience with health policy in the US.
             | 
             | Occam's razor points to there being a credible benign
             | reason for him to be motivated to challenge existing
             | policy. (And if there is one area of science ripe for
             | iteration, it's nutritional health.) We don't need to grab
             | for more extreme alarmist narratives to explain what's
             | happening.
             | 
             | It simply doesn't take some autocratic utopian agenda to
             | question whether fluoride is worth it and advocate for
             | political change.
             | 
             | It's honestly really disingenuous and disheartening to hear
             | people towing this "the right is trying to dismantle the
             | fabric of western liberal democracy and install fascism"
             | line.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | The fluoride thing alone wouldn't even move the needle or
               | be too worth talking about on its own, but when you see
               | everything that is happening and you know it's just the
               | public things, it gives a distinctly different context
               | around what is happening. You know we are overtly
               | threatening Canadian sovereignty right? Countries are
               | setting up travel warnings. Plain clothes officers have
               | abducted people in public. People have been robbed of due
               | process. The head of the office of management and budget
               | said he wants to put government workers in trauma.
               | Deleting public data sets... At least two second in
               | commands to the entire US military have said he is unfit.
               | A chief of staff said the president said "I wish I had
               | Hitler's generals." At least 4 prominent republicans have
               | Sieg Heiled in front of a crowd, including Bannon who did
               | not put his hand over his heart first.
               | 
               | > question status quo institutional knowledge
               | 
               | I am in favor of this when its done in good faith, but
               | good faith hasn't been established.
               | 
               | > It's honestly really disingenuous and disheartening to
               | hear people towing this "the right is trying to take over
               | the world and install fascism" line.
               | 
               | I find it disheartening that people are in denial about
               | it.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | What does Canadian sovereignty have to do with even a
               | broader picture argument that the right is using
               | illiberal science to undermine and dismantle political
               | institutions?
               | 
               | "Anybody who wants to debate me must first demonstrate
               | good faith by espousing my political stance before we can
               | continue." Really now...
               | 
               | People can't be in denial about something that isn't
               | happening. That's called crazy.
        
               | maximilianburke wrote:
               | It's being premised on tariffs being good for the
               | economy, contra to a century of demonstrated proof they
               | aren't.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | Tariffs aren't a binary good/bad. They're a tool in the
               | policy toolbox, one that Canada has no problem using, by
               | the way.
        
               | pyth0 wrote:
               | If you're alluding to the tariffs on things like dairy
               | and egg products, those are only applicable beyond a set
               | quota which the US has not exceeded.
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | This is a direct quote from the guy running the Office of
               | Management and Budget, Russel Vought:
               | 
               |  _We want the bureaucrats to be traumatically affected.
               | When they wake up in the morning, we want them to not
               | want to go to work because they are increasingly viewed
               | as the villains. We want their funding to be shut down so
               | that the EPA can 't do all of the rules against our
               | energy industry because they have no bandwidth
               | financially to do so.
               | 
               | We want to put them in trauma._
               | 
               | Edit: Sieg Heil from Trump's ex Chief strategist in a
               | speech to CPAC (Tea Party/GOP conference):
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7E9pXCuJnbc&t=10s
        
               | woooooo wrote:
               | RFK Jr brought roadkill home to cook and eat multiple
               | times.
               | 
               | Occam's Razor says he is a crank.
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | Sure! Which means he's either a really effective covert
               | operative, or just a crank. To be clear I'm not arguing
               | in support of crack science. I'm arguing against him
               | being plugged into some broader insidious agenda.
        
               | johnecheck wrote:
               | If you've got a broader insidious agenda, installing
               | useful idiots is definitely a way to enact it.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | He is a dangerous crank, but fresh roadkill is a
               | perfectly fine practice.
               | 
               | You have to cook it thoroughly, same as any other game
               | meat. Do not eat the central nervous system, again same
               | as game. But dead is dead, and a car is no worse than a
               | bullet.
               | 
               | That does not alter that we have a dangerous idiot
               | running out health care policy.
        
               | woooooo wrote:
               | Dead is dead but for how long? If you hunt, you know when
               | the animal died and presumably cleaned it promptly. It
               | didn't bake on the pavement with all its guts inside for
               | hours or days.
        
               | rashkov wrote:
               | Zoom out and you'll see that there is a broad attack
               | against science institutions going on right now. RFK is
               | just one aspect.
               | 
               | NIH funding down 60% compared with one year ago:
               | https://arstechnica.com/health/2025/03/report-us-
               | scientists-...
               | 
               | UMass disbands its entering biomed graduate class over
               | Trump funding chaos:
               | https://arstechnica.com/health/2025/03/umass-disbands-
               | its-en...
               | 
               | Not to mention the defunding of anything to do with
               | climate change.
        
               | jyounker wrote:
               | The Republican party has been trying to squash
               | inconvenient science for a long time.
               | 
               | One of the signature pieces of Gingrich's "Contract With
               | America" in 1995 was the elimination of the Office of
               | Technology Assessment. The office had the unfortunate
               | duty to communicate well researched facts, and these
               | facts contradicted conservative policy positions. (OTA:
               | The planet is warming. R: No it's not. Exxon says it's
               | not.) So the OTA had to go.
               | 
               | There are a nearly endless list of these things over the
               | last 30 years.
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | _" The problem is science challenges those who derive power
             | from means other than reason."_
             | 
             | There's been a fundamental shift away from science in the
             | last fifty years or so. Some is understandable--chemical
             | pollution, etc. which is unreasonably blamed on science
             | instead of industry's bad behavior--but there's another
             | thread running here and it's an anti-establishment one.
             | 
             | The question I can't fully put a measure on is why nowadays
             | so many people automatically reject anything that's
             | mandated by government even when they'll benefit from that
             | mandate. The fluoride debate is somewhat akin to the
             | vaccination one, rather than weighing up the comparatively
             | minor risks versus overwhelmingly beneficial outcomes of
             | those mandates they'll simply reject them outright.
             | 
             | That doesn't make much sense to me.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | It's pretty easy actually. Rejecting the mandate gives
               | people political platform. If the issue at hand isnt
               | directly affecting you in the meaningfull way, it works
               | like a charm every single time.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | Not to stir the pot even more however when a vaccine does
               | go bad, it goes _really bad_
               | 
               | The narrative around vaccines has been completely strong
               | armed in different ways by both sides. Which has left
               | legitimate cases of bad reactions to be largely ignored,
               | underreported and/or not believed, and carries a negative
               | stigma.
               | 
               | My wife has had a medically verified bad reaction to
               | vaccine it was extremely severe. It took multiple doctors
               | before it was recognized and by that point she progressed
               | to having permanent disability
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" Not to stir the pot even more however when a vaccine
               | does go bad, it goes really bad"_
               | 
               | I'm frightfully aware of that. I'm old enough to remember
               | the polio epidemic in the 1950s and the bad batch of
               | polio vaccine that killed kids.
               | 
               | I wasn't in the US and the Salk vaccine wasn't available
               | where I was living and it was another five or so years
               | before we were vaccinated. Before that one kid in my
               | school class died and another ended up in calipers.
               | 
               | Despite everyone knowing about the bad batch and the
               | deaths I cannot tell you how relieved everyone was when
               | the vaccine finally arrived. No one--not one single kid--
               | at my school skipped the vaccine. To not have it would
               | have been unthinkable, it wasn't even a consideration.
               | 
               | Frankly, it horrifies me how risk averse and timid people
               | have become these days. How thinking has changed since
               | that time is frightening.
               | 
               | That's not to say things don't go wrong--they do and all
               | too often as you are aware, and even at this distance I
               | can't help but feel sorry for both you and your wife.
               | 
               | Right, that Salk vaccine killed people but saved millions
               | of others, even now the live attenuated Sabin vaccine
               | occasionally goes rogue mutates and gives people polio
               | but both of those vaccines have almost eradicated that
               | fucking horrible disease from the face of the planet,
               | it's only politics and misinformation that have stopped
               | that from happening.
               | 
               | What are we to do when things are beneficial on a large
               | scale yet are nevertheless responsible for a small number
               | of tragedies? For instance, almost everyone on the planet
               | loves their smartphone yet they kill innocent people--
               | albeit indirectly when irresponsible drivers who are
               | driving and texting at the same time hit and kill
               | pedestrians.
               | 
               | When that happens we don't call for smartphones to be
               | banned, same when a passenger jet clashes. But it's a
               | different story with vaccines, fluoride in water,
               | chemicals in foods. For some illogical reason suddenly
               | all hell breaks loose and people become quite irrational.
               | 
               | BTW, over the years I've had many, many dozen vaccine
               | shots for many different diseases and I've never had a
               | negative reaction. That's not to say it won't happen on
               | my next visit to the doctor or, say, to next person who's
               | next in line in the doctor's surgery.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, life's dangerous and it's eventually
               | fatal. As I see it, these scientific discoveries--whilst
               | imperfect--ameliorate that condition somewhat.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | I think there should be such a thing as just compensation
               | when anyone effectively takes one for the team for the
               | rest of humanity. There is one way to help significantly
               | once something bad does happen.
               | 
               | Awareness too, and more testing never hurts. One thing we
               | learned about post incident is that a test of her immune
               | system would have likely shown she shouldn't be
               | vaccinated at all, due to potential reactions. Why not
               | work on making such tests cheaper and faster so we can
               | prevent needless harm?
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | _" I think there should be such a thing as just
               | compensation when anyone effectively takes one for the
               | team for the rest of humanity."_
               | 
               | I agree absolutely. What really pisses me off is how
               | governments seemingly everywhere become misers--miserable
               | bastards--and either deny responsibility or when cornered
               | screw compensation down as far as possible.
               | 
               | It's not only in matters such as vaccine failures, or
               | Flint's lead-in-water crisis but you see this miserly
               | attitude with war veterans, and so on.
               | 
               | Trouble is, we the citizenry are ultimately responsible.
               | For some reason we see someone getting something from
               | government that we are not getting and that brings out
               | the worst in us--we seem to forget too easily that the
               | injured or those disadvantaged through no fault of their
               | own deserve fair and reasonable compensation.
               | 
               | In my opinion that all-too-common attitude is a blight on
               | the human character.
               | 
               | Awareness, that goes back to proper schooling. That
               | that's lacking is another tragedy.
               | 
               |  _Edit: both government and the companies responsible for
               | vaccines, pharmaceuticals, etc. ought to take much
               | greater responsibly to inform people of the risks even if
               | they are minor. One way of achieving this would be to
               | hold those employees (both in government and in those
               | companies) directly responsible for providing the
               | necessary information. This would go a long way in
               | stopping pharmaceutical companies hiding the
               | unsatisfactory results of drug trials etc.
               | 
               | Don't hold your breath though, I can't see that happening
               | anytime soon._
        
           | travisgriggs wrote:
           | I think equating poor people to homeless people is non
           | sequitur.
           | 
           | What about the vast population of "barely making it" people?
           | 
           | But have it your way. I've given up on American people (I
           | exist as a 54 year old one amongst them). Decades of wealth
           | have created a society so "me" centric it makes me nauseous
           | sick. Never have I respected those older than me so little.
           | It makes me so sad what we've done for those younger.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | It's even worse than that. People aren't even voting for
             | their own self interest. The people in the poorest states
             | and in poor counties in richer states in the United States
             | are consistently voting against universal healthcare,
             | affordable post high school education and are cheering the
             | government taking away services that they depend on the
             | most.
             | 
             | There are two basic categories of causes.
             | 
             | The first is being pure anti science - anti vaccine, anti
             | fluoride, etc
             | 
             | The second is they are more concerned about "God and guns",
             | immigrants, and the demographic shifts in the US than their
             | own interest.
             | 
             | Oh and the third is the cult of MAGA.
             | 
             | I'm 50, Native born American and on a meta level it
             | concerns me. On a micro level, me and mine will be okay.
             | 
             | While I am not one of these shrill people saying I'm
             | leaving the US tomorrow, my wife and I are definitely
             | putting plans in place to have a dual residency (not
             | citizenship) in Costa Rica closer to when I get ready to
             | retire.
        
           | iab wrote:
           | "Objective truth" - I'd love to know how one goes about this,
           | feels like a Nietzsche reading here would be helpful
        
             | mind-blight wrote:
             | You're getting downvoted because you're retreating into
             | philosophical nihilism rather than actually addressing the
             | points. If you disagree with how people interpret the
             | studies, the studies themselves, or how science measures
             | reality - just say that.
             | 
             | I also love SMBC's explanation of this: https://smbc-
             | wiki.com/index.php/2010-09-23
        
             | hayst4ck wrote:
             | Objective truth isn't something you can know, but it's a
             | destination that must exist for pursuit of
             | knowledge/curiosity to have any meaning.
             | 
             | With contradictions you know what is not true, and through
             | knowing what is not true, you can approach what is true.
             | Truth is expressed in consistency, _not completeness_.
             | 
             | That's why anyone should be extremely suspicious of anyone
             | who is not, or doesn't care about, being internally
             | consistent.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | > _Poor people in the US are capable of using fluoride
           | toothpaste and flossing_
           | 
           | This is absolutely not a substitute for fluoride in drinking
           | water, which is most important for kids. When your teeth are
           | forming below the gumline, the fluoride you ingest
           | strengthens them. Brushing gums with fluoride doesn't help.
        
           | verall wrote:
           | > Poor people in the US are capable of using fluoride
           | toothpaste and flossing. At least at homeless shelters at
           | outreach things I've been to, toothpaste and toothbrushes are
           | freely available. Your argument hinges on them being
           | incapable on the whole and needing a Benevolent But Superior
           | Intelligence to provide an alternative for them.
           | 
           | This is so incurious. Obviously most people, poor or not,
           | have access to fluoridated toothpaste and toothbrushes, and
           | can brush.
           | 
           | Yet OP cites data (not explicitly, but you can start here:
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6974062/, there are
           | many like it).
           | 
           | Fluoridated water makes the most impact on poor and
           | undeserved communities: Why?
           | 
           | Is it because poor people are less capable of brushing or
           | have less access to fluoridated toothpaste?
           | 
           | Is it because poor people are poor because they have poor
           | self control, which prevents them from regular brushing?
           | 
           | Does it matter? Nothing hinges on them being incapable at all
           | - your conjecture can be as uncharitable - poor people are
           | dirty and incapable - or charitable - poor people have less
           | money and time to seek dental care, have higher rates of
           | untreated mental and physical illness i.e. ADHD, disabilities
           | that interrupt daily tooth-brushing routine - as you want.
           | 
           | But the result is still that if we want children from poor
           | families to have less cavities by the time they reach
           | adulthood - we should fluoridate the water! If you trust the
           | western medical establishment, it's broadly safe. If you
           | don't, then none of the evidence above matters to you
           | anyways.
        
             | uppost wrote:
             | You're close but still a bit strawmanny. If we want poor
             | kids to have better dental outcomes we should do more than
             | just flouridate. We should find out why the poor have worse
             | dental outcomes and address the root problem(s), which I
             | would imagine in the US is something like soda consumption
             | or lack of dentists in poor areas.
        
               | verall wrote:
               | What is strawman in my comment? I'm genuinely interested.
               | 
               | > We should find out why the poor have worse dental
               | outcomes and address the root problem
               | 
               | The root problem is that parents that are absent, either
               | for noble reasons (working multiple low-wage jobs) or
               | less noble reasons (addiction, abandonment) will not have
               | the presence to enforce good dental hygiene.
               | 
               | There will always be some subset of parents that are more
               | or less absent, and the main solution that exists for
               | that in the US currently i.e. the foster care system has
               | measurably terrible outcomes, and so it is only applied
               | in the most egregious cases.
               | 
               | Why should we let perfect be the enemy of good here? I'm
               | all for removing fluoride from the water, once it has no
               | benefit on the population. But currently, it has a huge
               | benefit, just on people who are least likely to advocate
               | for it.
               | 
               | "You're just pushing your "Benevolent But Superior
               | Intelligence" onto people" is an appeal to emotion, not a
               | solution to real problems that real children face.
               | 
               | More emotionally: it's fucking embarrassing we let
               | bullshit arguments like this hurt people in real life.
        
           | yalogin wrote:
           | See this is the problem today. Just because some one doesn't
           | know doesn't make it non existent. We have decades of studies
           | and evidence that fluoride is good and has no side effects,
           | but the detractors ignore all of it and keep nullifying all
           | that knowledge. Now they are successful too. In a society
           | where everyone wants the whole boat to rise up, we need a
           | certain amount of honesty and integrity and sadly these
           | arguments don't have it
        
         | thatcat wrote:
         | Fluoride has to be applied to the surface at a high
         | concentration for brief contact time to be effective. What is
         | the freedom to sell industrial waste to the government to
         | pointlessly add to the water supply for profit called?
        
         | bobjordan wrote:
         | What in the Berkeley kind of logic is this? You have a pretty
         | solid core logical structure. But, the conclusion is weak. The
         | argument's weakness lies in its simplifications and the final
         | political assertion, which, although plausible within certain
         | ideological frameworks, isn't logically proven by the earlier
         | premise.
        
         | _ZeD_ wrote:
         | > Putting fluoride in water promotes freedom. That sounds
         | crazy, but let me justify it.
         | 
         | > If you are poor you can't go anywhere or buy anything. You're
         | not free if you're poor. If you are sick, you may be confined
         | to a hospital bed or not feel good enough to do anything. If
         | you are sick you're not free.
         | 
         | or, you know, you could avoid the problem in the first place
         | and allow "even poors" to go somewhere or buy something... at
         | least base items, and medicines...
         | 
         | this way they could afford dental costs, and you could spare
         | the need to add fluoride in the water
        
         | cpursley wrote:
         | The issue is not the fluoride in the water, it's all the sugar
         | that poor people eat and drink (especially sodas). And we
         | actively fund the corn syrup industry at both ends via the farm
         | bill (production and consumption via SNAP).
        
           | bdzr wrote:
           | Also tariffs on cane sugar.
        
         | wisty wrote:
         | I think it's a reductionist word game to reduce everything to a
         | single dimension ("freedom") and then say "I think my policy is
         | better, and since everything can reduce to a single variable it
         | means there is more freedom".
         | 
         | If a right-wing voter thinks banning gay marriage is good for
         | society, it is also positive freedom? If your counter-argument
         | is "no, because while it would be positive freedom if it was
         | good for society, it's not" then maybe I'm just disareeing on
         | your terminology, but I suspect you would say "heck no, telling
         | people what they can't do is not freedom, that's an abuse of
         | the English language as well as being bad for society".
         | 
         | Governments exist to take away some freedoms, it's the whole
         | point of them. People vote for governmets to take away freedoms
         | (with laws and taxes) and get things like public services,
         | justice systems and infrastructure in return. Ideally, they
         | lean towards things that give you a lot of bang for your buck
         | (like flourine), because taking away freedom is not good for
         | creating a dynamic society, and they should be accountable to
         | voters.
         | 
         | Just say that anyone who objects is an anarchist if you want to
         | take the moral high ground from the right in terms they
         | understand.
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | > The contrast between positive freedom, the freedom to do
         | something, and negative freedom, the freedom from interference
         | in your life, is the core political argument in America right
         | now.
         | 
         | True.
         | 
         | > Negative freedom, freedom from government interference, is
         | being promoted by those seeking to weaken the government enough
         | to supplant it.
         | 
         | Tenuous. Then again, like you, all of my political opponents
         | are either stupid or evil or both.
         | 
         | > People who are poor and sick are likely unable to stand up
         | for themselves or participate in solidarity against authority.
         | 
         | Contentious. Sometimes this is true, sometimes it is not -
         | giving negative liberty rights (e.g. first amendment speech
         | protections) to individuals has proven an incredibly effective
         | tool to protect the individual against the state. Not perfect,
         | but incredibly effective all the same.
         | 
         | > This individual issue is relatively small, but you take 100's
         | of issues like this, and the effect is to create a class of
         | people who aren't able to do anything but be obedient workers.
         | 
         | Any supporter of negative liberty (i.e. someone who is for
         | small government) would tell you, that is what _government_
         | does, which is a big reason why they want small government.
        
         | marhee wrote:
         | According to that logic, why not distribute fluoride water
         | freely for those who want it? That would serve boths camps,
         | not?
        
           | wtcactus wrote:
           | There's no such thing as "free" when something is "given" by
           | a public entity. It always costs the people that actually
           | work and are forcibly taxed, something.
        
         | rcpt wrote:
         | > the government forcing you to take a medication.
         | 
         | You're free to drink water that's not from the tap. Companies
         | sell this legally. The government doesn't force anything
        
         | ninalanyon wrote:
         | > If you are poor you can't go anywhere or buy anything. You're
         | not free if you're poor.
         | 
         | The solution is lifting people out of poverty not papering over
         | the cracks with fluoride.
         | 
         | There is no fluoride in the water here in Norway yet dental
         | health is good because of good education, free dental care for
         | children, students pregnant women, and little absolute poverty.
        
       | nokun7 wrote:
       | So, Finland gave fluoride a shot in a few cities back in the '60s
       | through the '90s, but they didn't see much point to it and
       | dropped it. Now, some spots there are even filtering it out of
       | the water. You can still get it in toothpaste and mouthwash,
       | though.
       | 
       | There's this study I read that says the top five countries for
       | dental health are Denmark, Germany, Finland, Sweden, and the UK.
       | The US? It's lagging at ninth. Funny thing is, out of those top
       | five, only the UK messes with fluoride in their water, and even
       | then, it's just for like 5% of folks.
       | 
       | Honestly, it kinda feels like skipping the fluoride in water
       | might be the smarter move.
        
       | knowknow wrote:
       | I feel like we are so privileged in the US that there's little to
       | no personal consequences for being so wrong about a topic.
       | Eventually there's needs to be a correction, whether it's because
       | we regain our senses or we stray so far that the majority of
       | people start to be majorly affected. I'm fearing it's the latter.
        
         | kubb wrote:
         | There's a tendency to backwards rationalize anything that is
         | established in the US, that comes from a place of identity.
         | 
         | The current shape of the US is already the best and people
         | consider it a part of who they are, so suggesting a course
         | correction may be seen as both wrong think and a personal
         | attack and wanting radical change would be outright treason.
         | 
         | There's an array of standard stencils for defense against
         | change: this is the only thing that can work here, this is the
         | only thing that guarantees freedom, this is actually not that
         | bad, I actually prefer it like this, anything else would be
         | expensive/impossible/unamerican.
         | 
         | It's not even unique to the US, but who cares about other
         | places.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | That's because drinking non-fluoridated water is very cheap (a
         | minimal disadvantage). Vs. opposing fluoridated water can be
         | very valuable (give the current culture wars).
         | 
         | Notice that nobody is arguing about keeping water-born
         | pathogens out of the drinking water.
        
       | sothatsit wrote:
       | Fluoride in toothpaste already covers most people today. So, if
       | there are legitimate concerns about adding it to the water supply
       | due to fluorosis, even if those concerns are small, removing it
       | seems reasonable to me. Are the number of people who don't brush
       | their teeth really high enough to justify it?
        
         | stevebmark wrote:
         | Decades of science show it's beneficial, and we keep seeing the
         | outcomes validated in practice. Calgary removed fluoride from
         | drinking water, saw a significant increase in dental carries in
         | children, and is adding it back. [1]
         | 
         | Hawaii does not fluoridate and has high rates of children's
         | tooth decay [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.npr.org/2024/12/13/nx-s1-5224138/calgary-
         | removed...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.civilbeat.org/2016/10/hawaii-children-have-
         | highe...
        
       | AndrewSwift wrote:
       | People who want to remove fluoride from the water should visit
       | countries where fluoride is not added and look at people's teeth.
       | 
       | I live in France and it's just so obvious that people grew up
       | without fluoride -- even celebrities try to talk without showing
       | their teeth when they're on TV!
       | 
       | I'm all for getting consent in most cases, but sometimes you'd
       | have to be an idiot not to take the obvious win.
       | 
       | It's like we were delivering flakes of gold with the mail and
       | people complained -- that's not what mailboxes are for!
        
         | abxyz wrote:
         | You're misattributing: the U.S. has a perfect white teeth
         | culture that doesn't exist elsewhere. Many people outside of
         | the U.S. have healthier but uglier teeth. Fluoride isn't the
         | reason for good/bad teeth inside/outside of the U.S, it's
         | cultural. Many places outside of the U.S. do put fluoride in
         | their water (nationally or regionally) and have "bad" teeth
         | (e.g: England).
        
           | AndrewSwift wrote:
           | What does a white-tooth culture look like specifically?
           | People brush their teeth in France, they have modern
           | dentristy etc.
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | Way more people having their teeth whitened? Braces being
             | more popular.
        
             | cenamus wrote:
             | People don't bleach their teeth much outside the US as far
             | as I know. You can see it especially well with US actors,
             | their teeth looking like the someone photoshopped them to
             | #FFFFFF
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | Those are actually veneers. They grind down their real
               | teeth into basically fence posts to use as a structure to
               | glue fake teeth on them.
               | 
               | https://davidfisherdds.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-
               | porcela...
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | Bleaching your teeth, specifically.
        
             | __alexs wrote:
             | US people wear facades to hide their teeth.
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | People in the U.S. don't have perfect white teeth, they have
           | are cosmetic procedures on their teeth equivalent to
           | liposuction, silicone, botox, hair plugs and/or laminated
           | face.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | I think that's exactly what the GP meant when they said
             | "perfect white teeth _culture_ ".
             | 
             | Perfect white teeth doesn't mean they're healthy.
        
           | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
           | While tooth whiteness in the US is often divorced from tooth
           | health, fluoride does add a yellowish tint to your teeth, so
           | the healthiest teeth -- those imbued with fluoride -- are
           | slightly yellow. (In fact when they first decided to add
           | fluoride to water, one of the questions was just how much
           | they could add before your teeth would turn completely
           | yellow. Health-wise the yellowing was fine, but it was
           | obviously visually unappealing.) Ugly teeth may be due to
           | poor/lack of orthodontia, but it's probably not due to better
           | dental care.
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | But flakes of gold are not associated with a lower IQ in
         | children.
         | 
         | "The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence, that
         | higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking water
         | containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter, are
         | associated with lower IQ in children."
         | 
         | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/...
         | 
         | So it is also not clear, if the lower concentration typically
         | found also has this effect.
         | 
         | "It is important to note that there were insufficient data to
         | determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg/L currently
         | recommended for U.S. community water supplies has a negative
         | effect on children's IQ."
         | 
         | But the solution of just using (cheap) Fluor in toothpaste to
         | apply the Flour where it should go - to the teeth and not the
         | stomach, sounds smarter to me.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | So in other words, 0.7mg/L fluoridated water is _also_ not
           | associated with lower IQ in children. That study did not
           | prove it safe, but it did prove it unsafe, either.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | That study did prove, that too much flouride is not good
             | for intelligence.
             | 
             | And there are other sources besides water from the tap, so
             | I don't think it is intelligent to raise the base level,
             | when the option of local applying exists. What is wrong
             | with toothpaste?
        
         | eigart wrote:
         | Where I live, dental health is good and we don't have fluorides
         | in the water (we have free, mandatory dental care for
         | children). We recently banned the use of fluorides to make our
         | skis go fast because of the environmental impact.
        
         | wqaatwt wrote:
         | > even celebrities try to talk without showing their teeth
         | 
         | So fluoride would somehow magically replace braces or teeth
         | whiteners?
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > I live in France and it's just so obvious that people grew up
         | without fluoride
         | 
         | And yet France does not have a dental health crisis so it's
         | just for cosmetic reasons we don't need fluoride
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | Interesting how France does add fluoride to the water
         | (according to Wikipedia) while many other countries aren't.
         | 
         | US is an outlier there, so there is that.
        
       | lerp-io wrote:
       | maybe if we consumed less processed sugars and had normal diets,
       | putting fluoride in the water would serve no purpose.
        
       | mook wrote:
       | I think I'm more interested to know if the fluoride also helps
       | keeps bacteria down in the water. That is, if it's doing anything
       | useful other than dealing with teeth.
       | 
       | A quick search didn't seem to turn up anything related, so maybe
       | not (the concentrations might be too low to be relevant)?
        
       | akg_67 wrote:
       | A list of references for both sides of arguments.
       | 
       | Calgary removed fluoride from its water supply. A decade later,
       | it's adding it back
       | https://www.npr.org/2024/12/13/nx-s1-5224138/calgary-removed...
       | 
       | Toxic Treatment: Fluoride's Transformation from Industrial Waste
       | to Public Health Miracle https://origins.osu.edu/article/toxic-
       | treatment-fluorides-tr...
       | 
       | Portland has a divisive relationship with water fluoridation
       | https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-oregon-water-fluor...
       | 
       | Fluoride Exposure: Neurodevelopment and Cognition
       | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/...
       | 
       | Effect of fluoridated water on intelligence in 10-12-year-old
       | school children https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5285601/
       | 
       | A tale of two cities finds that community water fluoridation
       | prevents caries https://adanews.ada.org/ada-
       | news/2021/august/community-water...
       | 
       | Children exposed to higher fluoride levels have lower IQs, a
       | government study finds
       | https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/06/health/children-higher-fl...
       | 
       | DRAFT NTP Monograph on the State of the Science Concerning
       | Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health
       | Effects: A Systematic Review
       | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ntp/about_ntp/...
       | 
       | The finding's of the NTP's 6-year fluoride neurotoxicity
       | evaluation
       | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ntp/about_ntp/...
       | 
       | Fluoridation cessation and children's dental caries: A 7-year
       | follow-up evaluation of Grade 2 schoolchildren in Calgary and
       | Edmonton, Canada
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34309045/#:%7E:text=Results:....
       | 
       | Toxicity of fluoride: critical evaluation of evidence for human
       | developmental neurotoxicity in epidemiological studies, animal
       | experiments and in vitro analyses
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7261729/
       | 
       | Low-to-moderate fluoride exposure in relation to overweight and
       | obesity among school-age children in China
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31509932/
       | 
       | What happens when you remove fluoride from tap water?
       | https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324086
       | 
       | Buffalo poised to resume fluoridation of city's water supply
       | https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2024/january/buffalo-poised...
        
       | Heyso wrote:
       | 2012: https://fluoridealert.org/content/50-reasons/
       | 
       | Highly recommend visiting the link for details about each point
       | and references (it is not that long), here is a summary, don't
       | comment if you haven't visited the link:
       | 
       | 1) Fluoride is the only chemical added to water for the purpose
       | of medical treatment. 2) Fluoridation is unethical. 3) The dose
       | cannot be controlled. 4) The fluoride goes to everyone regardless
       | of age, health or vulnerability. 5) People now receive fluoride
       | from many other sources besides water. 6) Fluoride is not an
       | essential nutrient. 7) The level in mothers' milk is very low. 9)
       | No health agency in fluoridated countries is monitoring fluoride
       | exposure or side effects. 10) There has never been a single
       | randomized controlled trial to demonstrate fluoridation's
       | effectiveness or safety. 11) Benefit is topical not systemic. 12)
       | Fluoridation is not necessary. 13) Fluoridation's role in the
       | decline of tooth decay is in serious doubt. 14) NIH-funded study
       | on individual fluoride ingestion and tooth decay found no
       | significant correlation. 15) Tooth decay is high in low-income
       | communities that have been fluoridated for years. 16) Tooth decay
       | does not go up when fluoridation is stopped. 17) Tooth decay was
       | coming down before fluoridation started. 18) The studies that
       | launched fluoridation were methodologically flawed. 19) Children
       | are being over-exposed to fluoride. 20) The highest doses of
       | fluoride are going to bottle-fed babies. 21) Dental fluorosis may
       | be an indicator of wider systemic damage. 22) Fluoride may damage
       | the brain. 23) Fluoride may lower IQ. 24) Fluoride may cause non-
       | IQ neurotoxic effects. 25) Fluoride affects the pineal gland. 26)
       | Fluoride affects thyroid function. 27) Fluoride causes arthritic
       | symptoms. 28) Fluoride damages bone. 29) Fluoride may increase
       | hip fractures in the elderly. 30) People with impaired kidney
       | function are particularly vulnerable to bone damage. 31) Fluoride
       | may cause bone cancer (osteosarcoma). 32) Proponents have failed
       | to refute the Bassin-Osteosarcoma study. 33) Fluoride may cause
       | reproductive problems. 34) Some individuals are highly sensitive
       | to low levels of fluoride as shown by case studies and double
       | blind studies. 35) Other subsets of population are more
       | vulnerable to fluoride's toxicity. 36) There is no margin of
       | safety for several health effects. 37) Low-income families
       | penalized by fluoridation. 38) Black and Hispanic children are
       | more vulnerable to fluoride's toxicity. 39) Minorities are not
       | being warned about their vulnerabilities to fluoride. 40) Tooth
       | decay reflects low-income not low-fluoride intake. 41) The
       | chemicals used to fluoridate water are not pharmaceutical grade.
       | 42) The silicon fluorides have not been tested comprehensively.
       | 43) The silicon fluorides may increase lead uptake into
       | children's blood. 44) Fluoride may leach lead from pipes, brass
       | fittings and soldered joints. 45) Key health studies have not
       | been done. 46) Endorsements do not represent scientific evidence.
       | 47) Review panels hand-picked to deliver a pro-fluoridation
       | result. 48) Many scientists oppose fluoridation. 49) Proponents
       | usually refuse to defend fluoridation in open debate. 50)
       | Proponents use very dubious tactics to promote fluoridation.
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_water_fluoridati...
         | 
         | I draw your attention to the first sentence.
         | 
         | Also this is interesting:
         | 
         | Fluoridation may be useful in the U.S. because unlike most
         | European countries, the U.S. does not have school-based dental
         | care, many children do not visit a dentist regularly, and for
         | many U.S. children water fluoridation is the prime source of
         | exposure to fluoride.
        
       | barotalomey wrote:
       | It's interesting how the MAGA crowd keep looking for reasons why
       | they dumb.
       | 
       | One time it was the covid vaccine, now it's the drinking water.
       | 
       | You just dumb, guys.
        
         | willy_k wrote:
         | Sigh, another libtard completely divorced from reality,
         | suckered by the fake news. Those are reasons why everyone
         | _except_ MAGA is dumb, duh.  /s
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | They also keep passing laws to specifically support burning coal,
       | which is (slightly more credibly) shown to reduce IQ in children
       | exposed to its pollution.
        
       | briandear wrote:
       | These American experts who are "disheartened" -- do they not pay
       | attention to Europe? Or do they only get upset when Republicans
       | do something?
       | 
       | Europe (and many parts of Asia,) is objectively healthier than
       | most of the residents of the USA; so maybe rather than knee-
       | jerking against anything RFK Jr., perhaps the so-called experts
       | should start doing their jobs and looking at what healthier
       | places in the rest of the world are doing. The status quo in the
       | USA is default fat and unhealthy. Why aren't the fluoride
       | cheerleaders not using their "expert" status to shout against
       | high fructose corn syrup, artificial coloring, or the fact that
       | most American food tastes like sugar?
        
         | Vegenoid wrote:
         | Do you seriously think that dental and health experts don't
         | rail against those things? They do, and they consider those
         | things far more important than fluoridated water. Their
         | opinions on fluoride are being shared because there is notable
         | news about fluoridated water.
         | 
         | Americans do not want to hear about how they should eat
         | healthier.
        
       | wolfi1 wrote:
       | Anyone else gets reminded of General Jack D. Ripper in Dr.
       | Strangelove?
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | First thing I thought too.
        
       | cladopa wrote:
       | For me as a European, adding fluoride to water for your teeth is
       | as ridiculous as cutting the foreskin of babies' penis in name of
       | (dubious) "hygienic reasons".
       | 
       | But people get used to it. Specially when they don't get to
       | experience the alternative. Most people rationalise it is a good
       | thing. Stockholm syndrome.
        
         | jimbohn wrote:
         | I was thinking exactly the same thing, down to the circumcision
         | thing. This whole discourse gives me the vibe of something the
         | American society has randomly walked on and now is an "it has
         | always been like this".
        
         | stevebmark wrote:
         | Which part of Europe are you in? Countries in Europe add
         | fluoride to water, salt, milk, and Italy has naturally
         | fluoridated water.
         | 
         | > The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) recently
         | called water fluoridation "a core component of oral health
         | policy" and adds that salt fluoridation "is suggested when
         | water fluoridation cannot be implemented" due to technical,
         | logistical or political reasons.
         | 
         | https://static.spokanecity.org/documents/citycouncil/interes...
        
       | amazingamazing wrote:
       | Preventing cavities is far more effective with topical
       | application of fluoride on the teeth, rather than ingestion.
       | 
       | I personally don't buy the passive health benefit. Even if it's
       | true, there's no proof that fluoridated water is superior to
       | topical application.
       | 
       | Not to mention that if we're going to just roll over and accept
       | stuff in the water for public health reasons, what really should
       | be added are more vitamins, not fluoride. In particular vitamin D
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | For children developing their "adult teeth" fluoride ingestion
         | strengthens those teeth before they pop out. Topical has no
         | effect obviously since they haven't surfaced yet.
        
           | amazingamazing wrote:
           | And for that there is fluoride mouthwash, which again isn't
           | ingested and would be more effective.
           | 
           | > Regular use of fluoride mouthrinse under supervision
           | results in a large reduction in tooth decay in children's
           | permanent teeth.
           | 
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6457869/#:~:text=Be.
           | ..
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | That doesn't work because it's topical. You give kids
             | vitamins to get fluoride into their system to strengthen
             | their developing adult teeth.
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | Great - so why do we need it in the water then? Not to
               | mention that caries in kids teeth isn't really that
               | relevant anyway since they fall out. Fact is, adult teeth
               | is what matters and topical fluoridation is the most
               | effective way, in addition to brushing and flossing to
               | maintain dental health.
               | 
               | Would love to see evidence to the contrary (ingestion is
               | superior to topical application w.r.t. fluoride).
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | Where did I say it had to be put in water? I literally
               | said kids should consume vitamins with fluoride. You're
               | the one making up things about a topic you don't
               | understand.
               | 
               | You really want to strengthen teeth as they're
               | developing. It's critical. Your "fact is" is wrong
               | although you want to do that too. Continue to fortify
               | after they grow in.
               | 
               | May I ask what motivates you to post things here where
               | you clearly have 0 knowledge about a subject and you just
               | write things that sound logically right in your head but
               | are wrong?
        
               | amazingamazing wrote:
               | My original post says this:
               | 
               | > Preventing cavities is far more effective with topical
               | application of fluoride on the teeth, rather than
               | ingestion.
               | 
               | Since you don't seem to disagree, there's nothing to
               | discuss then. Cheers! Also, it is a fact that fluoride is
               | most effective towards preventing cavities topically. You
               | can Google Scholar this and see for yourself. There's a
               | reason dentists prescribe high-fluoride toothpaste or
               | gel, instead of just saying drink more fluoridated water.
        
       | ReptileMan wrote:
       | Fluorinating all of the water just to deliver some milligrams to
       | the teeth is incredibly inefficient. Especially when less and
       | less of the stuff people people drink comes out of the tap.
       | 
       | We have toothpastes and fluorinated mouthwash that both get the
       | job done.
       | 
       | Probably there are some people that are unable to afford those
       | and unaware how to use them, but probably are tiny percentage of
       | the state population, especially with the cult of teeth care that
       | the US has.
       | 
       | I also see the fortified flours as example (or iodine in salt) -
       | but the US is different now than in the 30s. The US diet is more
       | varied. Very few people get 80% of their calories from a single
       | starchy staple so developing a severe deficiency of something
       | requires some serious effort from the persons affected.
       | 
       | So who is this policy of fluorination for - the people that are
       | too poor to afford toothpaste, but still have access to
       | municipality treated water and don't drink copious amounts of
       | soda or bottled drinks.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Question: is there something I can do in the office to improve
       | tooth health? E.g. after drinking a cup of coffee, maybe
       | neutralize the pH with some antacid? Or, I don't know, chew some
       | gum? Are there products that are relatively convenient and don't
       | require a brush and water?
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | You can buy a bottle of it, swish it around your mouth and spit
         | it out.
         | 
         | https://www.actoralcare.com/en-us/products/mouthwash/anticav...
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Yes, I considered that, and I appreciate the suggestion, but
           | I think it's not very office-friendly to spit out liquids.
        
             | Ylpertnodi wrote:
             | Spit in the bathroom, not the office?
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Well, then it's not an office solution anymore. Might as
               | well brush my teeth ...
               | 
               | Anyway, an llm suggested that eating some almonds can
               | help neutralize pH. This is the type of solution I can
               | work with.
        
         | buttercraft wrote:
         | A dentist once recommended Xylitol gum to me for this purpose.
         | It's been too long to remember the details, but you can do some
         | research on it.
        
       | pbhjpbhj wrote:
       | They should ban crash barriers. I've never crashed into one.
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | Cynical take: Now that studies have shown that bottled water is
       | loaded with nanoplastics, upper class people want to start
       | drinking tap water again. Now suddenly states don't want fluoride
       | in the tap water...
        
       | hello_computer wrote:
       | Taking compounds of the most electronegative element, and
       | treating people with them systemically--drink it, bathe in it,
       | cook with it--when local administration directly to the teeth is
       | cheap, easy, & effective makes no sense at all.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, mining industries produce--and must dispose of--a
       | steady stream of fluoride compounds that would otherwise have to
       | be dealt with as toxic waste (i.e. very expensive) if they ever
       | lost the green light to dump them into the water supply.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hodge
       | 
       | or per Google:
       | 
       |  _Three chemicals are used to fluoridate drinking water in the
       | U.S: sodium fluoride (NaF); sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6); and
       | fluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6). Fluorosilicic acid is a byproduct of
       | the manufacture of phosphate fertilizer._
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | I hope they will ban it everywhere. If my pineal gland gets any
       | more calcified, I'll probably end up getting a full-chest tattoo
       | and dye my hair pink.
        
       | adonovan wrote:
       | "Do you realize that in addition to fluoridating water, why,
       | there are studies underway to fluoridate salt, flour, fruit
       | juices, soup, sugar, milk, ice cream? Ice cream, Mandrake?
       | Children's ice cream!...You know when fluoridation began?...1946.
       | 1946, Mandrake. How does that coincide with your post-war Commie
       | conspiracy, huh? It's incredibly obvious, isn't it? A foreign
       | substance is introduced into our precious bodily fluids without
       | the knowledge of the individual, and certainly without any
       | choice. That's the way your hard-core Commie works. I first
       | became aware of it, Mandrake, during the physical act of
       | love...Yes, a profound sense of fatigue, a feeling of emptiness
       | followed. Luckily I-I was able to interpret these feelings
       | correctly. Loss of essence. I can assure you it has not recurred,
       | Mandrake. Women, er, women sense my power, and they seek the life
       | essence. I do not avoid women, Mandrake...but I do deny them my
       | essence."
        
       | swasheck wrote:
       | the debate in this thread is a reflection of the politico-
       | scientific standing of the united states. it seems as though
       | fluoridated water has come to be treated as a synechdoche for the
       | role of science (and public health) in society. both sides are
       | trying in earnest to defend their meta-position ("freedom" vs
       | "society") but slip into logic errors (usually cherry picking and
       | straw man). i think this is because of the context switching
       | between the part (fluoridation) and the whole (freedom/society).
        
       | kylecordes wrote:
       | Tremendous boon for the dental industry. Congratulations for
       | everyone involved in getting this through.
        
       | agentultra wrote:
       | That's going to go poorly. A Canadian city removed fluoride from
       | water in 2011 and reversed that decision 10 years later. There's
       | hard data on the effects and they're not good [0].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.npr.org/2024/12/13/nx-s1-5224138/calgary-
       | removed...
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Unfortunately, hard data is not acceptable. This is how it
         | works for the current administration:
         | 
         | All previous data is ignored because of political reasons.
         | 
         | Teeth to slowly rot in heads.
         | 
         | Sometime in the 2030s, local voters will notice they have very
         | bad teeth.
         | 
         | Locals will debate if adding fluoride is going to make teeth
         | great again.
        
         | oaktrout wrote:
         | All the evidence in that article is based on what a politician
         | thinks. "And I think another meta study came out also".
         | 
         | The actual high quality evidence shows that water fluorination
         | has minimal impact on tooth health in 2025:
         | https://www.cochrane.org/news/water-fluoridation-less-effect...
        
           | agentultra wrote:
           | I was thinking of this study:
           | 
           | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cdoe.12215
           | 
           | Perhaps more could be done. The situation is complex because
           | of several compounding factors for sure. There are European
           | countries that have no water fluoridation and better oral
           | health outcomes than in North America.
           | 
           | Regardless, there's 10 years where a city in North America
           | turned off water fluoridation and we have results of that
           | decision to study.
        
         | bko wrote:
         | I don't think it's about hard data and optimization of health,
         | but rather bodily autonomy.
         | 
         | I'm sure there are plenty of chemicals that could be forcibly
         | put in the drinking supply that, based on current scient, would
         | be beneficial for the public. But I would still be skeptical.
         | Sell me these substances in my food or toothpaste, but don't
         | put it in my drinking water by default.
         | 
         | It's also worth noting about 3% of western Europe has
         | fluorinated so let's not pretend like this is unprecedented
        
           | fzeroracer wrote:
           | Many places in Europe have high levels of fluoride in their
           | water naturally. In fact many of them are likely getting far
           | too much fluoride.
           | 
           | Also realistically, if people cared about bodily autonomy
           | cars would've been banned immediately thanks to the amount of
           | particulates and local pollution produced causing far more
           | adverse health effects.
        
             | bko wrote:
             | If a state wants to ban cars it should be free to do so. I
             | think the benefits outweigh the costs and no one would
             | choose to live there.
             | 
             | Also important to note no one is banning flouride. They're
             | preventing it from being put in the drinking water. The
             | equivalent would be if cars were distributed upon arriving
             | to the state.
        
               | abirch wrote:
               | The state is taking the rights away from the
               | municipalities. Why not leave it up to the local people?
               | No one was forcing local towns to fluoridate their water.
        
               | leereeves wrote:
               | But municipalities that chose to do so would be taking
               | the choice away from each individual.
               | 
               | I don't know enough to form an opinion about whether
               | Utah's new policy is good or bad, but it is clearly on
               | the side of individual freedom. (of course that's not the
               | only concern)
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | The equivalent would be if I'm forced to have a
               | government funded road with cars just past my front yard.
        
           | cherry_tree wrote:
           | Is one due the right to potable water at a tap at their home?
           | Or is purified water a service offered by the government as
           | one source of many available to the us population?
           | 
           | Are you not allowed to pay for bottled water instead of
           | paying your local utility for drinking water?
           | 
           | The bodily autonomy argument seems bad to me because you are
           | buying water from the government when you could buy water
           | from any other source instead.
           | 
           | Is the argument that the government water is too convenient
           | and so it should be unfiltered? Who is to say that filtering
           | out poop is not infringing on my right to consume unfiltered
           | water?
        
         | somenameforme wrote:
         | The study [1] that's based on seems pretty typical, and is
         | precisely what drives skepticism towards these policies. The
         | differences for permanent teeth were not significant. The paper
         | claimed this may be because "7-year-olds have not had the time
         | to accumulate enough permanent dentition caries experience for
         | differences to have become apparent." The differences in
         | temporary teeth had a deft (decay, extracted, filled teeth) of
         | 66.1% in Calgary (no fluoride) and 54.3% in Edmonton
         | (fluoridated).
         | 
         | So you're looking at a small positive improvements in dental
         | outcomes, for what may be a permanent decline to IQ. That's
         | obviously not a trade I think anybody would make, so the real
         | issue is not whether or not it improves dental outcomes but
         | whether it's having measurable effects on IQ as we have seen in
         | other studies. [2] I don't understand why a study operating in
         | good faith wouldn't also pursue this question in unison, or in
         | fact as the primary question. I think _relatively_ few people
         | outright doubt the dental benefits of fluoride, but rather are
         | concerned about the cost we may pay for such.
         | 
         | [1] -
         | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cdoe.12685
         | 
         | [2] -
         | https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/...
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | The most ridiculous part is that we have an alternative way
           | to apply fluoride without intaking it. It's called
           | toothpaste. But for some reason people act like Utah is
           | banning vaccine.
        
             | SapporoChris wrote:
             | Using toothpaste with fluoride can be effective when used
             | regularly as part of dental hygiene. What percentage of the
             | population is going to do this? I've encountered grade
             | school children who have never owned a toothbrush.
        
               | broken-kebab wrote:
               | Can you answer your own question?
        
           | almog wrote:
           | In the 2nd study that shows correlation between fluoride and
           | lower IQ in children, the water had twice as much fluoride as
           | the recommended amount in the US (0.7 mg/L vs 1.5 mg/L).
        
         | zamalek wrote:
         | Fluoride was introduced late enough in Zimbabwe that many of my
         | childhood adults easily remembered life before it. There were
         | many horror stories about the general state of teeth prior.
         | 
         | That being said, your dentist can apply fluoride to your teeth
         | (boggles the mind why insurance won't pay the $50), and
         | flouride toothpaste is still much more common than not. It's
         | probably not needed in the water supply for dental purposes.
         | 
         | That being said, what are the other fringe benefits: such as
         | microbe control?
        
         | grepfru_it wrote:
         | The city of Houston has stopped adding fluoride to water but
         | allows natural fluoride levels to exist[0]. We are going on
         | year 6 and the only thing we have noticed is harder water.
         | 
         | There is probably more nuance to both stories tho.
         | 
         | [0] https://houstonherald.com/2018/11/lindsey-and-long-win-
         | count...
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | The studies in 20-30 years of the consequences of this will be
       | fun.
        
       | noefingway wrote:
       | What I find fascinating about this debate is that only
       | municipalities/cities add fluoride to water. If you are on well
       | water, no fluoride. So any studies comparing the incidence of
       | tooth decay between populations that are on well water and those
       | that are on fluoridated city water?
       | 
       | I get that this was a great public health benefit before fluoride
       | in toothpaste became widely available but is this still the case?
       | Couldn't it be argued that most of the benefit comes from
       | brushing your teeth?
        
         | cma wrote:
         | Flouride incorporates into the tooth structure in developing
         | teeth before they emerge, I'm not sure how effective that is
         | but it is different than the more topical protection.
         | 
         | Tea has enormous amounts of flouride depending on where it is
         | grown and they aren't banning that yet.
        
           | iterance wrote:
           | For what it's worth, very few locations and processing styles
           | result in significant doses of fluoride in tea. Within the
           | United States, these types of tea are not typically consumed.
           | For example, Tibetan brick tea is consistently high in
           | fluoride, to the extent that fluorosis is actually somewhat
           | common in certain regions. But it's a bit tricky to even buy
           | a brick (meant for consumption) within the US. Bagged tea,
           | more commonly available, has to be drunk regularly in very
           | significant volumes to have a deleterious effect.
           | 
           | Put another way, for issues to rise to the level of public
           | policy, they have to affect a meaningful number of people in
           | a region. In the US, tea-induced fluorisis is extremely rare.
        
       | jebarker wrote:
       | I hear they're going to start adding electrolytes to the plant
       | water though.
        
         | mmanfrin wrote:
         | Why wouldn't they, it's what plants crave.
        
       | TehCorwiz wrote:
       | I love the cognitive dissonance in people who say both: "Don't
       | medicate me without permission.", "Masks are oppression.", and
       | "We have to stop those people from dressing and calling
       | themselves what they want."
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't be snarky in HN comments, and please don't take
         | threads on generic flamewar tangents. Those are two of the
         | worst things for the curious conversation we're trying to have
         | here.
         | 
         | Both of these points are in the site guidelines.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | Middle-aged human LLM here.
       | 
       | This debate is about evidence vs policy:
       | 
       | * Evidence: fluoride displaces iodine and other halogens, which
       | disrupts thyroid function and possibly negatively impacts other
       | organs and bones.
       | 
       | * Policy: wealth inequality in the US has created a situation
       | where the poor struggle to such an extent that they don't have
       | access to basic health services like fluoride treatments at the
       | dentist every 6 months, while the rich have grown so greedy that
       | they don't want to pay a fraction of a percent of their taxes for
       | preventative care for children and the impoverished so they
       | instead tolerate slightly more expensive fluoridated tap water at
       | the expense of everyone's health.
       | 
       | This comment is about my subjective experience with a sample size
       | of 1, meaning that it doesn't apply to you or the public:
       | 
       | * My father is a dentist and gave me fluoride treatments every 6
       | months while I was growing up in Idaho. I was raised mostly on
       | well water which isn't fluoridated. I have never had a cavity,
       | despite not going to the dentist for the decade of my 20s while
       | he lived away from me. My thyroid function is not as high as I
       | would like after a lifetime of acute stress from struggle,
       | multiple insults to the body, drinking fluoridated water after
       | the age of 18, and being exposed to radioactive iodine at 80
       | times the US drinking water standard for perhaps 1 year after the
       | Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (which potentially either gave
       | me a lifetime dose or was insignificant).
       | 
       | This solution is as evidence-based and equitable as I can come up
       | with:
       | 
       | * We should remove fluoride from drinking water and reimburse all
       | dentists for free 6 month fluoride treatments of the general
       | public, which represents some nominal fee of perhaps $15-$20 per
       | person annually (probably less) which is not materially
       | significant to the federal budget of roughly $15-20,000 per
       | person annually.
       | 
       | This take is my personal subjective opinion followed by objective
       | evidence supporting my claims:
       | 
       | * I don't think highly of Robert Kennedy Jr's health initiatives,
       | because they don't ethically weigh evidence and policy, and we
       | don't have enough epidemiological studies to predict outcomes. So
       | they will certainly cause unintended consequences. That said, I
       | believe there is merit to his concerns. So a way forward is not
       | to be anti-vax for example, but to recognize that there are
       | dozens of types of vaccines and to prioritize vaccines for
       | illnesses like polio that have a high risk of negatively
       | impacting quality of life. Health experts should continue
       | advising elected officials on policy decisions. Public health is
       | not a domain that can be left in the trust of individuals acting
       | unilaterally. So removing fluoride from water without providing
       | state or federal funding for fluoride treatments every 6 months
       | will most likely negatively impact public health.
       | 
       | https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-p...
       | 
       | https://thyroidpharmacist.com/articles/fluoride-and-your-thy...
       | 
       | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11003687/
       | 
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316182/
       | 
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38029816/
       | 
       | https://theworld.org/stories/2016/08/02/fukushima-radiation-...
        
       | fzeroracer wrote:
       | Strangely, I never see the people demanding we ban fluoride also
       | demand we ban cars, considering the amount of particulates and
       | rubber wheels we inhale as a result of policy, road design and
       | car design. And I can almost guarantee you that's resulting in an
       | actual meaningful drop in IQ and health outcomes as opposed to
       | fluoridating water.
       | 
       | But I guess freedom to pollute matters more than bodily autonomy
       | in terms of mental priority.
        
       | kilimounjaro wrote:
       | The solution to ALL of this is a very simple randomised
       | controlled trial. Identify 1000 pregnant women in a fluorinated
       | area, give half of them free unfluorinated bottled water for
       | their pregnancy and first 2 years of babies life, and let the
       | other half drink tap water, then measure all of the kids' iqs at
       | 5 years.
       | 
       | Sadly noone has done this because the topic is too radioactive
       | for most researchers or science funders to touch.
        
       | pona-a wrote:
       | Water fluoridation conspiracy theories were a thing old enough to
       | be a plot point in 1964 Dr. Strangelove. When there's an entire
       | grift or political career to be a "Fluoride truther", it's really
       | hard to take seriously any of these claims. Given it's naturally
       | occurring and often in higher doses and there'd been so much time
       | to control for any side effects, I'd need extraordinary evidence
       | to be swayed on this.                 GENERAL JACK D. RIPPER:
       | Mandrake, do you realize that in addition to fluoridating water,
       | why, there are studies underway to fluoridate salt, flour, fruit
       | juices, soup, sugar, milk... ice cream. Ice cream, Mandrake,
       | children's ice cream.            GROUP CAPT. LIONEL MANDRAKE:
       | Lord, Jack.            GENERAL JACK D. RIPPER: You know when
       | fluoridation first began?            GROUP CAPT. LIONEL MANDRAKE:
       | I... no, no. I don't, Jack.            GENERAL JACK D. RIPPER:
       | Nineteen hundred and forty-six. 1946, Mandrake. How does that
       | coincide with your post-war Commie conspiracy, huh? It's
       | incredibly obvious, isn't it? A foreign substance is introduced
       | into our precious bodily fluids without the knowledge of the
       | individual. Certainly without any choice. That's the way your
       | hard-core Commie works.
        
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