[HN Gopher] Cross-Platform P2P Wi-Fi: How the EU Killed AWDL
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Cross-Platform P2P Wi-Fi: How the EU Killed AWDL
        
       Author : stusmall
       Score  : 169 points
       Date   : 2025-03-28 13:13 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ditto.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ditto.com)
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | The interesting question is authentication/authorization - at the
       | moment, macOS greatly simplifies this as long as both devices
       | belong to the same Apple ID. On the opposite side, Samsung does
       | the same.
       | 
       | How will that work out?
        
         | bigfish24 wrote:
         | For something like AirDrop this will need to be sorted out, but
         | already work occurred to reverse engineer this:
         | https://github.com/seemoo-lab/opendrop
         | 
         | Would be cool if an open standard on auth forms on top of this.
        
           | fire_lake wrote:
           | For this to succeed I think we need a C implementation that
           | can be used by many languages and runtimes.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Not in C, please, since this is something that by
             | definition will handle at least some unauthenticated low-
             | level protocol traffic.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | The AWDL part is in C:
             | 
             | https://github.com/seemoo-lab/owl
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | How would an open implementation be compatible with this,
           | given that Apple's implementation is based on an Apple-
           | operated PKI?
           | 
           | Note that this is only a conversation about sender
           | identification, which allows sending to a "non-world-visible"
           | receiving device and confirmation-less sending to devices
           | with the same iCloud account on them. Anonymous sending isn't
           | cryptographically gated by Apple, to my knowledge.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | Their documentation suggests that is only needed by
             | contacts only mode and they wrote some code to get the
             | needed certificates from macOS:
             | 
             | https://github.com/seemoo-lab/airdrop-keychain-extractor
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | That still requires you to have (access to) a Mac and an
               | iCloud account.
               | 
               | It might be possible to reimplement the required Apple
               | API, but as demonstrated by the iMessage/Beeper saga,
               | they usually shut such things down pretty quickly.
        
         | api wrote:
         | Vanilla P2P Wifi is amazing for the possibilities it unlocks,
         | but unfortunately most developers can't do security to save
         | their lives. There will be a lot of insecure apps.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | That's certainly a nice feature, but in comparison to the
         | elephant in the room, i.e. wireless file transfers between
         | Android and iOS being _completely impossible_ at the moment, it
         | 's completely insignificant.
        
           | tsujamin wrote:
           | > wireless file transfers between Android and iOS being
           | completely impossible at the moment
           | 
           | P2P proximal wireless transfer, sure, but there's half a
           | dozen apps on your phone that'll let you punt a document, a
           | photo, an invite to someone on the other phone OS platform.
           | 
           | Maybe I'm an edge case, but probably 90% of my Airdrop usage
           | is between my own devices, so the platform taking care of the
           | authentication story is of more utility than cross-platform
           | transfers. If someone isn't on iOS I'll just send them the
           | file on Signal since, if the source is my phone in the first
           | place, it's probably not a huge transfer anyway.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > P2P proximal wireless transfer, sure, but there's half a
             | dozen apps on your phone that'll let you punt a document, a
             | photo, an invite to someone on the other phone OS platform.
             | 
             | Yeah, via their server, which means it's slow even if you
             | have wifi, requires valuable data credit if not, or it
             | requires the installation of a companion app on the other
             | device and putting the other device in the same network.
        
               | MaKey wrote:
               | The biggest point for me is privacy. I don't want to
               | upload private data to some server just to send it to
               | another device that's next to mine.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | > there's half a dozen apps on your phone that'll let you
             | punt a document, a photo, an invite to someone on the other
             | phone OS platform.
             | 
             | That's exactly my point: Apps - which users have to
             | install, which requires an Internet connection.
             | 
             | Also all of them routing data through some centralized
             | server, often not end-to-end encrypted.
             | 
             | > If someone isn't on iOS I'll just send them the file on
             | Signal
             | 
             | Approximately none of the people that I've Airdropped
             | photos to in the past have Signal installed, and even if
             | they do, there isn't always an Internet connection
             | available. Airdrop also sends the original photo including
             | all metadata and resolution, which is another big reason I
             | like it.
             | 
             | On top of that, I've Airdropped photos to complete
             | strangers (e.g. if I managed to get a nice shot of
             | something on a tour) with which I didn't have any desire to
             | exchange numbers, and I just would not have been able to
             | send the photo to Android.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | https://sneak.berlin/20210425/signal-is-wrecking-your-
             | images...
             | 
             | This also roundtrips to the internet, which is slow and
             | expensive compared to a LAN transfer.
             | 
             | You also can't attach files >100MB in Signal. No
             | transferring an installer .iso.
        
       | simfoo wrote:
       | WiFi Aware looks interesting but there seems to be very little
       | information out there beyond Android related docs and associated
       | links. It seems to be hidden away behind the doors of WiFi
       | alliance.
       | 
       | Can anyone familiar with the topic chime in what it would take to
       | utilize WiFi Aware in let's say a Raspberry Pi (maybe using a
       | different wireless chip connected via usb)? Maybe even to connect
       | to Android smartphones
        
       | tambre wrote:
       | I recently wanted to do point-to-point Wi-Fi for transferring
       | some data but apparently support for the ad-hoc IBSS mode wasn't
       | available on my MT7925. Wi-Fi Aware is completely new to me and
       | didn't come up while searching on the topic at all. I can't find
       | anything about using it on Linux now either. Anybody have any
       | references on its support?
       | 
       | There's a single kernel commit referencing Wi-Fi Aware from 2023
       | [0]. iw supposedly supports a few commands pertaining to it [1].
       | [0] https://web.git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/
       | linux.git/commit/?h=v6.14&id=9b89495e479c5fedbf3f2eca4f1c4e9dd481
       | 265e       [1]
       | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53594406/implementing-a-wifi-
       | aware-application-outside-android
        
         | Avamander wrote:
         | Any WiFi operation besides STA is in general a crapshoot,
         | especially if the card is not meant for use in an AP. WiFi
         | hardware vendors can't be bothered to provide fully usable
         | stacks for anything else (if even that).
         | 
         | For example Intel's broken Location Aware Regulatory completely
         | breaks any use-cases where your device is not the STA (on
         | anything besides 2.4GHz). Most cards also have no DFS support,
         | meaning you'll be left with a microscopic usable segment. Then
         | there's also the problem with incorrect regulatory information.
         | 
         | All of which in the end makes reliable high-speed point-to-
         | point operation very annoying to achieve. Even if it'd be
         | totally legal. Leaving you with a terribly slow link.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Adhoc was the coolest thing, I still miss it. One day in
         | 2002-ish, I was showing a friend some photos on my laptop and
         | noticed a crowd had gathered over my shoulder, and there simply
         | wasn't enough room for everyone to get a good view.
         | 
         | "Fire up adhoc, set it to this ssid, vnc to this address"
         | 
         | Two minutes later, my photos are on five screens around the
         | coffee shop and everyone can see.
         | 
         | Adhoc just worked, and that's more than I can say for a great
         | many things before or since.
        
           | ryao wrote:
           | What stops you from using it today? A wiki claims it is just
           | 3 commands and IP configuration:
           | 
           | https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Ad-
           | hoc_networking#Manual_me...
        
         | zorgmonkey wrote:
         | The WiFi Alliance has a habit of always have a marketing name
         | and a different name in the spec, you'll a lot more references
         | to it in places like WPA supplicant if you search for Neighbor
         | Awareness Networking (NAN). Also here is the link to the spec
         | https://www.wi-fi.org/system/files/Wi-Fi%20Aware%20Specifica...
        
           | DecentShoes wrote:
           | >The WiFi Alliance has a habit of always have a marketing
           | name and a different name in the spec
           | 
           | What, the same people that named a consumer facing product
           | 802.11g?
        
       | joshstrange wrote:
       | So it's lightning all over again? Lightning was better than
       | micro-usb, then USB-C came out and was even better and people get
       | pissy at Apple for creating something better than the standard
       | (and donating some of that back to the standard).
       | 
       | I know this will not be popular here but I really do not like the
       | EU's most recent round of "no, you have to open up this feature".
        
         | meibo wrote:
         | ...what use is "donating" back to the standard if you don't
         | adopt the standard, practically preventing its adoption through
         | your position in the market?
        
           | jeffhuys wrote:
           | It wasn't really prevented, though, right? Apple was late to
           | the game, yes, but that by definition means that its adoption
           | was already well on its way; most of my non-Apple
           | acquaintances were mocking me for having a non-usb-c phone
           | (such an important issue!)...
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | > mocking me for having a non-usb-c phone (such an
             | important issue!)...
             | 
             | It really isn't that irrelevant in a world in which being
             | able to charge a phone can mean the difference between
             | being able to get on a flight/train etc. or missing it.
             | 
             | Apple switching to USB-C has doubled (or more, based on the
             | country) the odds of finding somebody with a compatible
             | cable and power bank in a pinch.
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | _> non-Apple acquaintances were mocking me for having a
             | non-usb-c phone_
             | 
             | I've not mocked an Apple user purely for having a non-
             | standard port on their device, though I have more than once
             | mocked the arrogance of an Apple user being put out because
             | when they were wanting to borrow a charger/battery/cable I
             | only had standard parts, those needed to support my
             | devices, in my kit.
        
         | fire_lake wrote:
         | Lightning is still better than USB C in terms of physical
         | connector design (Lightning puts the male part on the more
         | easily replaced cable side). Annoying that it's not a strict
         | improvement being imposed.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | At least as far as I can tell, this seems to be a solved
           | problem. USB-C ports on iPhones are holding up just fine.
           | 
           | I'll take a 1% higher chance of a port wearing out over a
           | 100% chance of needing to always carry two cables and not
           | being able to share accessories with Android users any day.
        
             | literalAardvark wrote:
             | The port connector is more reliable on USB-C.
             | 
             | The fine springy wiry bits that are impossible to clean and
             | easy to damage are on the cable, which is a massive
             | improvement. See: the super common broken Ethernet ports.
        
               | emchammer wrote:
               | For those of us who used to fix PCBs and wire
               | breadboards, it's nice to see the traces are still there,
               | like knowing where your food comes from, even if any hope
               | of an analog baseband project is long past. Lightning is
               | one of Apple's hits.
        
           | luma wrote:
           | The male part isn't necessarily the key here, the idea is
           | that you put a softer alloy and/or any sprung contacts onto
           | the wear side such that springs and contacts will wear on the
           | replaceable bits. This is the key problem micro USB got
           | wrong, and it's also what Lightning gets wrong (although I'd
           | agree that it was loads better than micro USB).
        
           | kaibee wrote:
           | > Lightning is still better than USB C in terms of physical
           | connector design (Lightning puts the male part on the more
           | easily replaced cable side).
           | 
           | Yeah, basically just repeating what luma said but you have
           | this backwards. USB-C does have the female part on the cable
           | side. Its just also enclosed in a metal cover for protection.
        
           | carlhjerpe wrote:
           | So let me get this straight, the male part which is the most
           | durable one is on the cable side on lightning while on USB-C
           | the durable part is in the phone and the easily ruined female
           | pins side is on the cable?
           | 
           | You can keep tooting the Apple horn, Lightning was better
           | than micro USB but saying it's better than USB-C is incorrect
           | on every measureable point. Lightning is dead, long live
           | USB-C!
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > while on USB-C the durable part is in the phone
             | 
             | the problem is, it can snap or be sheared off under
             | unfortunate circumstances - say, someone laying their phone
             | on their belly in bed, putting strain on the connector, a
             | chonky cat deciding to jump down right onto the charger
             | cable while the phone is plugged in, or someone dropping
             | their phone while it's attached to a power bank.
             | 
             | With Lightning, it's a matter of removing the broken
             | connector of the cable and that's it. With USB-C, you gotta
             | replace the socket, tough luck on that given that these
             | things generally don't come as single spare parts.
             | 
             | (IMHO, that is the next thing the EU should tackle - parts
             | that often need to be replaced such as sockets and buttons
             | should be mandated to be on a dedicated flex cable that can
             | be easily replaced)
        
               | yisonPylkita wrote:
               | Port replacement on recent MacBooks is quite easy to do
               | since it is a separate part connected to internal port. I
               | wish more laptop manufacturers followed Apple's steps
        
             | thowawatp302 wrote:
             | It's really not, I've had disproportionately more USB-C
             | ports go dodgy because there was repeated tangential force
             | on the cable plug than I had with lightning
        
           | chuckadams wrote:
           | Lightning's form factor is nice, but there are still a few
           | issues with it. Look at any Lightning cable you've used for a
           | few years and you'll probably notice one of the contacts is
           | darker than the others. That's from arcing every time you
           | plug it in, and that just cannot be a good thing.
           | 
           | The springs being on the socket is also not a great feature
           | of Lightning, though usually the device itself has a shorter
           | lifetime than the socket.
        
         | fransje26 wrote:
         | > I know this will not be popular here but I really do not like
         | the EU's most recent round of "no, you have to open up this
         | feature".
         | 
         | The EU did not ask Apple to open up AWDL to competitors, they
         | asked Apple to comply with the Wi-Fi Aware 4.0 standard.
        
           | joshuaturner wrote:
           | "Asked" might not be the correct word here, "demanded" is
           | more fitting.
           | 
           | I'm pretty torn, and I know this conversation has been beaten
           | to death on HN, and I have nothing new or novel to contribute
           | to it, but even though this pushes Apple in a direction I'd
           | personally like to see them move - it just feels like
           | regulatory overreach.
        
             | carlhjerpe wrote:
             | In Europe we like our regulators to step in and force
             | megacorporations to do the right thing every now and then.
             | 
             | What makes this overreaching? We already regulate RF
             | heavily since it's a shared space that would all go to shit
             | if everyone could roll their own incompatible thing
        
               | joshuaturner wrote:
               | The "right thing" is, of course, subjective, but you're
               | completely correct in the wider point. This is something
               | European elected officials have enacted; they were voted
               | into office _by_ Europeans, and if Apple wants to sell
               | their products there, they have to abide by the rules
               | passed there. I completely agree with that. People have
               | the right to decide how companies behave in their
               | countries/regions.
               | 
               | I just personally don't like the idea of governments
               | dictating product decisions when no harm or risk is
               | involved. If Apple wants to sell a product without a
               | feature, it's my belief that they should be able to do
               | that. This is doubly true when Apple developed and
               | patented the feature they're being forced to drop in
               | favor of an implementation they would rather not adopt.
        
             | connicpu wrote:
             | Apple isn't technically forced to do this, they're an
             | American company. They could instead withdraw entirely from
             | the EU market and then they don't have to follow any EU
             | laws. Of course, Apple will never do that because selling
             | their phones in the EU makes _way_ more money than
             | complying with the regulations will cost them.
        
             | klabb3 wrote:
             | Were you also against the FCC implementing local number
             | portability after Verizon etc refused to hand over your
             | number to a different provider?
             | 
             | The point is that capital incentives alone do not drive
             | interop, and when interop is low, you get stagnating
             | innovation and stifling competition, which leads to
             | customer choice being limited and high prices during the
             | value extraction phase. Just look at the VC world -
             | competition with better product is for losers, all that
             | matters is dominance and "market share".
             | 
             | Corporations aren't alive, they can't exercise freedoms,
             | they move wherever their incentives dictate. Good
             | regulations like DMA is a tool to make these entities step
             | out of local optima they're stuck in. (It even helps the
             | affected companies, long term)
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | I absolutely love it. USB-C is easily among my top 3 changes
         | for the better on iPhones in the last 10 years.
         | 
         | If "Wi-Fi Aware" (almost as ridiculous a name as "Bluetooth Low
         | Energy", but that's a different topic) ends up allowing Android
         | to iOS file transfers without any third-party apps or network
         | connectivity - like feature phones could, 20 years ago -
         | that'll make the top three too.
        
           | joshstrange wrote:
           | Apple was bringing USB-C to their entire line well before the
           | EU "mandated" it. They were one of the first to put it on
           | their laptops.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Yes, and they even co-developed the standard to my
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | Still they were stubbornly refusing to bring it to their
             | phones, which are their most popular product line by far,
             | until the EU forced their hand.
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | You say "refusing to bring it to their phones", I say
               | they were cautious about changing the port for the second
               | time ever. I'd bet my retirement fund that Apple was
               | going to bring USB-C to the iPhone that year already or
               | at most 1 year later. It was slowly working its way down
               | the line and I understand them being most hesitant about
               | touching their golden goose.
               | 
               | But I understand your viewpoint and, again, I love USB-C
               | (and my iPhone). My biases are absolutely playing into my
               | viewpoint on this. I just don't think they were dragging
               | their feet due to wanting to make more from MFI/Lightning
               | as some suggested, it was mostly just being slow to
               | change something that would annoy people (and the change
               | did annoy many people, even though I don't think they
               | should have been annoyed).
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | The longer they waited, the more (now obsolete) Lightning
               | accessories were produced and sold as a result, no?
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | We could spend all day debating this back and forth
               | ("What about all the lightning devices that got thrown
               | out due to the new iPhone" - A somewhat silly argument
               | but...) but I think we probably need to just agree to
               | disagree. I absolutely disagree with Apple on a number of
               | things but there is a lot of nuance here IMHO and teasing
               | it out is well-trodden ground.
        
               | Uvix wrote:
               | The longer they waited the longer we could use our
               | existing Lightning accessories we've had for years that
               | are now trash and often don't have good replacements
               | (e.g. docks).
        
               | 3D30497420 wrote:
               | Wasn't Apple super "courageous" when they killed the
               | headphone jack?
               | 
               | I tend to view Apple's actions (and those of any company
               | really) first through the lens of their own self-
               | interest. Killing the headphone jack, which was an open
               | standard, benefited wireless headphones. And,
               | unsurprisingly, Apple's proprietary integration with
               | Airpods help make them the best wireless headphone
               | choice.
               | 
               | While I don't wholly disagree that Apple would have
               | eventually switched to USB-C, I doubt they were slow to
               | migrate out of an abundance of caution. Apple is a huge
               | fan of lock-in, and never gives in to open standards
               | easily.
        
               | chuckadams wrote:
               | Apple _did_ switch to USB-C on the iPad, as Lightning was
               | showing its age both in max power draw and data rate.
               | Putting it on phones was inevitable at that point.
               | 
               | I'm not a huge fan of the EU government making specific
               | demands of specific companies to adopt specific
               | technologies, but this is Wi-Fi and telecom tech has a
               | long history of adoption through legislation. So it's not
               | at all unprecedented and is probably the lesser evil in
               | this case.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | They had usb 3.0 speeds over lightning on some models
               | (e.g. the iPad Pro), but they kept introducing models
               | that were usb 2.0 speed only for no apparent reason other
               | than cost savings on the rest.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | And they still do it with USB-C. iPhone 16 and 16 Plus
               | are restricted to USB 2.0 speeds; you have to shell out
               | for 16 Pro or 16 Pro Max to get USB 3.0.
               | 
               | I don't think it's about cost savings, even. It's just a
               | way to differentiate the products, Apple-style.
        
               | MaKey wrote:
               | While Apple might have switched to USB-C on their own,
               | they would have done so using propriety cables again.
               | Thankfully the EU thwarted those plans.
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | Citation needed.
               | 
               | There is quite literally no evidence for this theory and
               | mountains of evidence that USB-C is what they were always
               | going to switch to. They had already switched _checks
               | note_ almost every other device they make to USB-C. The
               | few that weren 't USB-C at the launch of the iPhone 15
               | have been moved since then (specifically keyboard and
               | mouse). I'm not sure if there are any Lightning devices
               | left at this point.
        
               | ryao wrote:
               | Not quite. Apple could have removed the port entirely as
               | a form of malicious compliance. They would have been in
               | compliance with EU regulations without putting USB-C on
               | their phones.
               | 
               | A second option would have been to make lightning a data
               | only port that would not charge phones.
               | 
               | In either case, the reactions to "in order to comply with
               | EU regulations, wired charging capability has been
               | removed from iPhones sold in the EU" would have been
               | hilarious.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Lightning is proprietary and incurs high per-cable license
         | fees. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22209924
        
         | OptionX wrote:
         | Apple said it didn't ship chargers with their 1k+ phones in
         | order to reduce waste right?
         | 
         | Then having the EU force usbc for the same reason shouldn't be
         | a problem.
        
         | beeflet wrote:
         | lightning was worse by nature of being proprietary
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | Sounds like they'd keep it as yet another Apple exclusive instead
       | of y'know, introducing a new industry thing
        
         | renecito wrote:
         | Good bye free market.
         | 
         | If a "new industry thing" is far superior and what customers
         | want, why other vendors don't do it?
         | 
         | Now, if government sees a benefit in driving and sharing
         | technology I'd be happy the government would actively
         | participate in R&D.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | What do you mean? The government does actively participate in
           | R&D, in the form of research grants, development subsidies
           | and tax benefits.
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | _> The government does actively participate in R&D, in the
             | form of research grants, development subsidies and tax
             | benefits._
             | 
             | They do, it's only bad when China does it.
        
           | subscribed wrote:
           | They could develop ALSO their protocol and offer both.
           | 
           | I don't recognise Apple as the proponent of the new _open_
           | standards. They didn 't offer lightning to everyone, hell,
           | even to make the lightning cable I'd have to pay a heavy
           | licensing fee.
           | 
           | Apple is not open and proponent of the common standards,
           | hence they must be forced to adapt open standards in the name
           | of interoperability.
           | 
           | Personally I'd prefer lightning port on my phone instead of
           | this stupid and fragile USB-c, bit since Apple wasn't
           | interested in opening their standard.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | > If a "new industry thing" is far superior and what
           | customers want, why other vendors don't do it?
           | 
           | The other vendors do it. The problem is that we then end up
           | with a dozen of solutions that do the same thing, but are
           | incompatible with each other.
        
       | dmitrygr wrote:
       | I do love bureaucrats who could not tell Wifi from InfraRed
       | deciding what comms standards are to be used.
        
         | carlhjerpe wrote:
         | Indeed, it's a lot better when the EU bureaucrats in
         | collaboration with industry experts decide what comms standards
         | should be used instead of profit maximizing megacorporations!
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | For what it's worth, the bureaucrats did just fine with USB-C
         | and Lightning.
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | Competent government workers are able to rely on experts to
         | deal with various issues. There's lots of regulation around
         | tech, environment, animals, health, building requirements, etc.
         | that we can't realistically expect everyone to have a deep
         | understanding of.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | I don't care how dumb the bureaucrats are so long as the end
         | result is that when my parents ask me to "AirDrop" them a file
         | or picture, the conversation doesn't end with...
         | 
         | - I texted it to you, but it looks like crap, because MMS is
         | crap
         | 
         | - I tried to email it to you but it's over 2 megs and I have to
         | walk downstairs, get it off my phone and onto a Real
         | Computer(tm), then scale it down
         | 
         | - I emailed you a Google Drive link, wait what do you mean you
         | don't know how to sign into that? Yeah just use that app... oh
         | wait no that's a different Google Account from the one you have
         | your Gmail on
         | 
         | - No, I'm not using Messenger, I don't like getting my data
         | zucked by Facebook
         | 
         | - Hey, there's this very easy way you can send files, you just
         | need to install this app - what do you mean you forgot your
         | Apple ID password for the third time this week?
         | 
         | - Let me run downstairs and get my special USB-C flash drive -
         | oh god damn it you still have the phones with Lightning ports
         | on them
         | 
         | - Let me run downstairs and grab my iPad, chuck the image over
         | to it using Dropbox, _then_ AirDrop you
         | 
         | AirDrop _just works_ , not because it's Apple, but because
         | having a direct P2P transfer utility built into every phone and
         | laptop cuts out all sorts of setup and permissioning issues.
         | Apple just decided _their_ protocol was going to be the only
         | one they 'd support, and that everyone else who bought the
         | wrong phone should pound sand.
        
         | selfhoster11 wrote:
         | Come on, man. I can't say I miss the trillion charger types of
         | the late 1990s and early 2000s. We have the EU to thank for
         | USB-C. It may not be perfect, but being able to use the same
         | charger to power/charge my phone, headphones and laptop is
         | awesome. I can't say the same of my retro gear, until I modify
         | it myself to have a USB-C charging port. Having a compatible
         | wireless communication standard is along the same lines, in my
         | opinion.
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | > We have the EU to thank for USB-C.
           | 
           | USB-C was the default connector on most devices long before
           | the EU mandate.
        
           | latency-guy2 wrote:
           | > We have the EU to thank for USB-C
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB-C
           | 
           | > The design for the USB-C connector was initially developed
           | in 2012 by Intel, HP Inc., Microsoft, and the USB
           | Implementers Forum. The Type-C Specification 1.0 was
           | published by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) on August
           | 11, 2014.[1] In July 2016, it was adopted by the IEC as "IEC
           | 62680-1-3".
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_Implementers_Forum
           | 
           | > USB Implementers Forum, Inc. (USB-IF) is a nonprofit
           | organization created to promote and maintain USB (Universal
           | Serial Bus), a set of specifications and transmission
           | procedures for a type of cable connection that has since
           | become used widely for electronic equipment. Its main
           | activities are currently the promotion and marketing of USB,
           | Wireless USB, USB On-The-Go, and the maintenance of standards
           | and specifications for the related devices, as well as a
           | compliance program.
           | 
           | > The USB-IF was initiated in 1995[1] by the group of
           | companies that was developing USB, which was made available
           | first during 1996. The founding companies of USB-IF were
           | Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, IBM, Intel, Microsoft,
           | NEC and Nortel. Notable current members include HP, NEC,
           | Microsoft, Apple Inc., Intel, and Agere Systems.
           | 
           | We have mega corporations to thank for USB-C. Notably none of
           | these companies are European. None.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | Interesting!
       | 
       | Basically the EU is now able to force american companies to do
       | things that the US regulator will not do, probably because Apple
       | can manage to lobby US congress but not the EU parliament.
       | 
       | That probably means that US companies can probably help "counter"
       | Apple on certain things as long as the EU sees that it benefits
       | the consumer.
       | 
       | I don't know if Trump somehow caused this situation.
        
         | anilakar wrote:
         | EU has been regulating tech companies at least since the
         | MicroUSB charger mandate. This has nothing to do with Trump,
         | but once he hears about it he'll make sure everyone else knows
         | too.
        
         | bux93 wrote:
         | Standards are essential for a common market and competition and
         | drivers for prosperity. This is nothing new. Your Iphone
         | probably also says "RoHS", which marks compliance with the
         | Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. Mostly
         | manufacturers try to comply with both EU and US standards at
         | the same time. Typically the EU environmental and safety
         | standards are a bit stricter. For example, in medicine, you
         | first get FDA approval and then EMA approval, not just because
         | it's a bigger market, but also because it's easier.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | You know in a parallel world this headline is just "EU mandates
         | Apple-designed P2P Wi-Fi standard". They did submit it for
         | standardization after all, keeping to their proprietary one was
         | just a transparent segmentation play.
        
         | gpderetta wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_effect
        
       | rubatuga wrote:
       | This is good news
        
       | lawlessone wrote:
       | >A quietly published EU interoperability roadmap mandates Apple
       | support Wi-Fi Aware 4.0 in iOS 19 and v5.0,1 thereafter,
       | essentially forcing AWDL into retirement.
       | 
       | Whats stopping Apple from doing both?
        
         | bigfish24 wrote:
         | I think the EU mandate forces them to do both, so that devices
         | with AWDL are not advantaged over non-Apple devices with Wi-Fi
         | Aware, so my read is that mandate will mean Apple devices will
         | do both modes until they can transition AWDL off entirely.
        
         | 0x457 wrote:
         | Nothing, but since Apple is the only user of AWDL and WiFi
         | Aware makes it redundant, why support both (in long term)?
        
           | pmontra wrote:
           | Because they could want to offer WiFi Aware in the EU and
           | AWDL anywhere else, even in the long term. And switch back to
           | AWDL everywhere if the EU stops mandating interoperability
           | some day in the future.
        
       | formerly_proven wrote:
       | I dunno what the site is doing (mining crypto?), but it takes two
       | cores to fullest throttle for me.
        
         | ecshafer wrote:
         | I think it might be the css animation that moves the dots on
         | the background.
        
           | Timon3 wrote:
           | It's not a CSS animation, it's canvas with p5. It probably
           | renders every frame, even though the rendered result doesn't
           | change if there hasn't been a click.
        
       | jauntywundrkind wrote:
       | I really wish there were some write-ups for doing wifi-p2p aka
       | wifi-aware (the wifi alliance's proprietary branding for it) on
       | Linux! Incredibly sad that it's just so so so undocumented; such
       | a neat sounding suite of capabilities.
       | 
       | Haven't looked in 2-3 years, but found so little ehm last I
       | looked. Very dismaying. So many folks doing "p2p" file sharing
       | apps, but generally they assume you have setup networking
       | already. We really need to own the means of connectivity.
       | Especially now!
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Unfortunately I believe it requires your WiFi firmware have the
         | ability to switch channels with microsecond timing precision.
         | 
         | That means you couldn't do it with off the shelf WiFi hardware.
         | 
         | You might be able to do it whilst dropping existing WiFi
         | connections during the transfer.
        
           | snops wrote:
           | The article links to a Linux implementation that does it with
           | off the shelf WiFi hardware. You do need specific features in
           | the hardware/firmware, but there are consumer devices that
           | have that e.g. Atheros AR9280.
           | 
           | https://github.com/seemoo-lab/owl
           | 
           | It currently drops connections to an AP, but the authors of
           | the implementation seem to believe this could be fixed:
           | 
           | > OWL does not allow a concurrent connection to an AP. This
           | means, that when started, the Wi-Fi interface exclusively
           | uses AWDL. To work around this, OWL could create a new
           | monitor interface (instead of making the Wi-Fi interface one)
           | and adjust its channel sequence to include the channel of the
           | AP network.
        
       | Calwestjobs wrote:
       | " It took the concepts Apple pioneered (timeslot
       | synchronization... "
       | 
       | Pioneered does not mean inventing, never seen before concept.
       | Pioneered means in this context - taking concepts already used in
       | other radio networks and using them in their "wifi stack".
       | Concepts used for decades before Apple even had iphone.
       | 
       | I am not sure what / why is there difference between speeds of
       | AWDL vs NAN in that table, my understanding was it can transfer
       | at same speeds. Speed being limited by upload capability of "wifi
       | chip".
        
       | apitman wrote:
       | If you've never heard of Ditto before, they're one of the leaders
       | in cross platform small-scale mesh networking.
       | 
       | If they're excited about this, I'm excited about this.
        
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