[HN Gopher] A filmmaker and a crooked lawyer shattered Denmark's...
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       A filmmaker and a crooked lawyer shattered Denmark's self-image
        
       Author : RapperWhoMadeIt
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2025-03-27 13:01 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | robinhoodexe wrote:
       | The director also made Kim Jong Il's Comedy Club[1], an
       | absolutely insane documentary on North Korea.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1546653/
        
         | yvely wrote:
         | And also by Mads Brugger and about North Korea. Civilian self-
         | chosen undercover operation. Fascinating watch.
         | https://m.imdb.com/title/tt13243898/
        
       | Oarch wrote:
       | For all its excellent marketing, of course Denmark has issues
       | much like any other country.
       | 
       | It's still a great country, just take the marketing with a hint
       | of salt - a self certain smugness / hubris can easily make you
       | blind to real problems.
        
         | nolito wrote:
         | It's mostly marketing. Danes, and other Scandinavians, love the
         | idea that they are more honest then others. It's not correct in
         | Denmark. I find Denmark to be a quite corrupt country
         | 
         | Tax-evasion in small scale called "sort arbejde" is quite
         | common.
         | 
         | Former primeminister and current foreign miniater Lars Lokke
         | Rasmussen is a interessant figure. He's famous for not even
         | being able to pay for his own underware.
        
       | bjornsing wrote:
       | Great documentary! The story that chocked me most was the social
       | democrat local politician that helped criminals launder money and
       | evade taxes in his spare time... How low can you sink?
        
         | InDubioProRubio wrote:
         | Everyone that tells him/herself a story, can use that story to
         | justify crime. Defender of the underdogs. Saviour of the home-
         | country from the foreign hordes. In every story, there is
         | idealisation and demonisation, a giving up of complexity and
         | the moral horror justifications of fairy tales.
        
           | bjornsing wrote:
           | Perhaps. But it takes a lot of story telling to be able to
           | spend your days voting for higher taxes on law-abiding
           | citizens, and your nights helping the worst in society evade
           | those taxes...
        
       | reptilian wrote:
       | Same filmmaker exposed US, UK, Apartheid collaboration and
       | involvement in the spread of HIV in Africa, and the assassination
       | of the SecGen of the UN, Dags Hammerskjold
        
         | piva00 wrote:
         | Minor nitpick, it is "Dag Hammarskjold"
        
           | pvg wrote:
           | Reptilians just like dags
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wmrOdqIfZk
        
         | HideousKojima wrote:
         | For Hammarskjold, the various documents that have been released
         | or otherwise leaked suggest he could have been killed by the
         | US, France, the USSR, or mercenaries hired by African mining
         | interests. Or some combination of the above. As far as I can
         | tell there is no definitive proof of who exactly was behind it,
         | only that a lot of powerful people wanted him gone.
         | 
         | Does the filmmaker have access to some sort of exclusive
         | information that the rest of the world doesn't? Or, like most
         | of these sorts of filmmakers, is he drawing conclusions beyond
         | what can be conclusively reached with the availabile evidence?
        
           | reptilian wrote:
           | Watch the documentary. Union miniere, Belgian government,
           | SAIMR paramilitaries, CIA and MI6 all were deeply involved.
        
           | reptilian wrote:
           | You'll have to watch "Cold Case Hammersjold
        
             | HideousKojima wrote:
             | "Though the filmmakers present Mr. Jones as a self-assured
             | whistle-blower, their notes from several interviews they
             | conducted with him before the final taping reflect that he
             | repeatedly denied that his group was involved in an AIDS
             | project."
             | 
             | "As the interviews progressed, the filmmakers posed
             | additional questions that introduced details of possible
             | militia activities. Mr. Jones's responses evolved and, by
             | the time he sat for the final interview, he professed
             | firsthand knowledge of people and events that he had
             | previously seemed to first learn about from the
             | filmmakers."
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/27/world/africa/hammarskjol
             | d...
             | 
             | Yeah, I'm going to go out on a limb and say a documentary
             | that claims western powers were intentionally spreading
             | AIDS in South Africa (under the guise of a vaccination
             | program) and does so on the basis of some extremely
             | questionable witnesses _might_ be stretching the evidence
             | about some other things.
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | >a documentary that claims western powers were
               | intentionally spreading AIDS in South Africa
               | 
               | It does not. Its a supposed South African plot to poor
               | infect South Africans and neighboring countries.
        
         | kratom_sandwich wrote:
         | I saw the documentary and highly recommend it, but one thing
         | that irks me is that apparently there are no reports or
         | investigations on this other than the movie itself? Seemed odd
         | to me for such a larger-than-life-conspiracy ...
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | Well, you hardly ever hear about the hundreds of thousands of
           | cubans and their MiG:s or the covert support from Sweden when
           | there's talk about the fall of south african apartheid
           | either. It usually stops at reminiscing about some non-
           | violent forms of protest and more lacklustre quotes from
           | Mandela, considered a terrorist by the US until 2008.
           | 
           | It's a sensitive topic in the Occident, many powerful people
           | would prefer their friends never face scrutiny or justice due
           | to involvement with those crimes.
        
         | jacobgorm wrote:
         | Hammerskjold died in a plane crash, so did the lead partner and
         | her husband, also a partner, at the Horten law-firm that was
         | the center of the "black swan" scandal, very recently:
         | 
         | https://euroweeklynews.com/2025/03/19/denmark-bound-plane-cr...
        
       | arghwhat wrote:
       | Black Swan was a big deal, but this article massively overstates
       | the average Dane's faith in the system. The welfare state is
       | certainly not reverred as a religion, and the current state of it
       | is always a hot discussion topic with pulls in either direction.
       | 
       | Unlike what this article suggests, tax fraud is also relatively
       | common (one would have to be rather daft to assume that a country
       | with such absurdly high taxation did _not_ have tax evasion as a
       | key pastime - although probably not as aggressively as in places
       | like the US), and while heavily frowned upon certainly not seen
       | as the highest form of crime as this article suggests. Well,
       | maybe if you ask the tax agency and the political parties pushing
       | for ever more welfare, both of which push heavily for a cashless
       | society where all financial transactions are fully trackable by
       | them, but I think most would place tax evasion quite far down on
       | the list of significant crimes.
       | 
       | I would instead say that the average Dane is _carefree_ about
       | these issues, not because they are trusting or believe their
       | system is worth religious following, but because the issues
       | experienced there feels quite minor compared to what seems to
       | happen elsewhere in the world. When your concept of a significant
       | natural disaster is a flooded basement, you tend to not worry
       | that much about what happens locally.
        
         | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
         | > one would have to be rather daft to assume that a country
         | with such absurdly high taxation did not have tax evasion as a
         | key pastime - although probably not as aggressively as in
         | places like the US
         | 
         | The US has lower taxes so by your logic we would have less
         | evasion. Unless you're making a judgement on Americans.
        
           | scandox wrote:
           | I think the common perception is that Americans are more
           | ideologically committed to tax avoidance whereas Europeans
           | are more viscerally tempted by tax evasion?
        
             | StefanBatory wrote:
             | Not being an American I've always had similar impressions.
             | That taxes in USA are hated way more than anywhere else.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | I am making a judgement on the US corporate culture and
           | population within it, yes. It has far more loopholes that
           | remain open and actively used than Denmark does.
           | 
           | Denmark does its very best to make it either a pain in the
           | arse or impossible to use company property in any way that
           | could be seen as having private value. Did you _drive home_
           | in your company car? Then get ready to be privately taxed of
           | its full market value and for the company to get a bill for
           | the VAT. Did you _take a private phone call_ on a company
           | phone? Then you have to pay the  "free phone" tax and the
           | company VAT of the phone. Did you buy furniture for your home
           | office, but without having the home office locked to
           | physically separate it from your regular home, or did you put
           | a comfortable chair in there so it its private value becomes
           | ambiguous? Not a valid company purchase.
           | 
           | Weird US tricks like getting paid in stock and taking loans
           | with that stock as collateral, with the resulting liability
           | cancelling out remaining tax also don't work there. The
           | common stuff would be, say, restaurant owners inexplicably
           | having really low private food expenditure, or really low
           | revenue on paper for how popular the place is.
           | 
           | I suspect the reason is that the US government has pressure
           | from lobbyists to maintain the status quo, while the DK
           | government has pressure to claw in taxes to cover their sky
           | high spending ambitions.
        
             | murderfs wrote:
             | > Weird US tricks like getting paid in stock and taking
             | loans with that stock as collateral, with the resulting
             | liability cancelling out remaining tax also don't work
             | there.
             | 
             | That's not how the U.S. trick works, it's taking loans with
             | the stock as collateral in order to defer realizing the
             | capital gains while still being able to spend the money.
             | It's no different from just taking out an unsecured loan,
             | it's just that banks are more willing to give you a larger
             | balance/less usurious rates if it's secured by something.
        
         | dtquad wrote:
         | This isn't true and sounds like something written by terminally
         | online reddit libertarians.
         | 
         | The Black Swan documentary is primarily about sleazy private
         | sector actors in Denmark. The only remotely state affiliated
         | individuals in the documentary is a business man who was a
         | former small city council member and a bankruptcy lawyer who
         | has previously contracted for Danish government organizations.
         | The system worked fine and the Danish equivalent of the FBI,
         | the NSK, already had ongoing cases of investigations into a lot
         | of the uncovered material.
         | 
         | The only "common" tax fraud in Denmark is when a house needs
         | some minor fixing before being put on sale. Many Danish people
         | will pay their friend's friend to do it for them "under the
         | table" and not as formally contracted and taxed work. This is
         | becoming increasingly harder.
         | 
         | However this is far from the massive systemic corruption in
         | many other countries.
        
           | DanielHB wrote:
           | Sweden (and I assume Denmark) has a lot of tax-dodging[1]
           | (just like any other country). The tax code is complex (but
           | not nearly US-complex) and gives plenty of ways to avoid
           | paying tax[2].
           | 
           | But at least the tax agency seems quite keen on investigating
           | abuses. I remember Klarna has to pay a huge fine for trying
           | because of trying to abuse tax loopholes a few years ago.
           | 
           | [1] I define tax dodging as using legal tax loopholes in
           | order to pay less tax. A lot of those tax rules are not even
           | complicated, they were just set up with a specific type of
           | person in mind to let them pay less tax.
           | 
           | [2] The most popular ones that middle class Swedes use are
           | delaying paying property capital gains, 30% tax deduction on
           | loan interest payments, special rules for private pension and
           | using ISK investment accounts (which allow you to avoid
           | capital gains). None of them are illegal, just heavily favor
           | some demographics. It is not that hard for a upper middle
           | class Swede to avoid the maximum 56% income tax rate and the
           | 30% capital gains tax.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | Or when a restaurant owner inexplexably has really low
           | private food expenditure, or has really low revenue on paper
           | despite being relatively popular, or small companies having a
           | _lot_ of company dinners, or labor workers having a _lot_ of
           | company places to go in their company porsche SUV, or...
           | 
           | The reason regular salaried employees do this less, limited
           | to the kind of sort arbejde ("under the table" labor) you
           | describe is because it has become obscenely difficult to do
           | anything meaningful with sorte penge (untaxed money) - _not_
           | because people don 't want to do more or didn't previously do
           | it.
        
             | absolutelastone wrote:
             | Seems to me salaried workers would be a category that is
             | more conscientious by self-selection. They are comfortable
             | working within the rules of a system and less willing to
             | take risks such as by violating those rules.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | Yeah, but that there is such a distinction is a little
               | sad. The use of companies for tax avoidance can also lead
               | to some prejudice against small companies in general,
               | which is unfair to those playing nice.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | > one would have to be rather daft to assume that a country
         | with such absurdly high taxation did not have tax evasion as a
         | key pastime - although probably not as aggressively as in
         | places like the US
         | 
         | I think there is a distinction between avoidance (typically
         | considered legal) and evasion (fraud and illegal). Everyone
         | should practice avoidance, using the system as designed. IME,
         | evasion is much higher in countries with say a VAT than the US.
         | Paying cash for transactions, even rather large ones, is common
         | in order to avoid 10-20%+ VAT.
        
           | rambambram wrote:
           | Money that is not required to be paid cannot be called a tax.
           | Taxes are not voluntary. Things like tax avoidance don't even
           | exist, by definition of the word.
        
             | jsutter909 wrote:
             | What would you call going out of your way to buy cigarettes
             | in a lower tax jurisdiction? The word avoidance seems
             | pretty fitting here. Taxes are as voluntary as the activity
             | being taxed
        
               | milesrout wrote:
               | Presumanly is tax evasion if you buy them elsewhere then
               | import them into your country without paying the required
               | import duties.
        
               | amadeuspagel wrote:
               | How about vacationing in a country that has a lower VAT
               | because hotels and everything are cheaper?
        
               | milesrout wrote:
               | VAT is a consumption tax. If you consume goods in a place
               | with lower consumption taxes then the tax is doing
               | exactly what it is meant to do.
               | 
               | If you buy consumer goods in a low-VAT place but
               | transport them to a high-VAT place and consume them, then
               | that is clearly illegitimate for the same reason that it
               | is legitimate for VAT to be applied to imports and
               | refunded to exporters.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | Within EU, you have free movement of goods, and the VAT
               | is generally paid in the country of sale, not in the
               | country of of the consumer. There are a few exceptions to
               | this, and other regions might have other trade
               | agreements.
               | 
               | Within the EU definition, VAT taxes the company making
               | the sale for the increase in value of a product through
               | the processes the companies and distributors applied to
               | it, and is not a taxation of the receipt of said value.
               | 
               | There is nothing illegitimate about then consuming the
               | product in a different country. It just doesn't happen to
               | send money to your own country's treasury.
        
               | rambambram wrote:
               | I would call that an economic decision, or an
               | opportunistic one. How can you avoid something that's not
               | even there?
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | There is a third category: tax avoidance by abusing loopholes
           | in the system. While legal, it's not about using the system
           | as designed. I find it morally equivalent to illegal tax
           | evasion. Behavior like that erodes trust in the system and
           | makes the society worse.
        
           | milesrout wrote:
           | There are three categories: tax minimisation (structuring
           | legitimately to minimise tax), tax avoidance (structuring
           | legitimately but artificially to avoid taxes) and tax evasion
           | (lying to evade tax).
           | 
           | Tax minimisation is fine. Tax avoidance is, in sensible
           | countries, not illegal but ineffective: tax avoidance
           | arrangements are _void_ for tax purposes. Tax evasion is a
           | serious crime.
           | 
           | Avoidance is not using the system as it was designed. It is
           | using the system as it was not intended, creating totally
           | artificial structures just for tax reasons. In a sensible
           | society the taxman can just say "clearly artificial so I will
           | ignore this" and if you disagree, well, see you in court.
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | I wonder if this will impact Denmark's spot at the top of the
       | corruption perceptions index. Last years rankings still has them
       | at first, but it's hard to say when the data was collected.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index
        
         | guappa wrote:
         | No it won't. They ignore all evidence of corruption so far,
         | they can keep going. The whole point is they think other
         | countries are more corrupt than them, because they're just
         | better.
         | 
         | edit: if you downvote me and haven't lived in a scandinavian
         | country for over a decade... perhaps trust me instead of
         | trusting your preconceptions?
        
       | frantathefranta wrote:
       | I'm fully aware that Sweden and Denmark are different countries
       | (I lived in Denmark for 3 years), but this reminded me of the
       | reel of Swedes playing every time I visit IKEA, where they talk
       | about how corruption is absolutely unthinkable in Swedish
       | society.
       | 
       | And there's also this tidbit from the article:
       | 
       | > Other Scandinavian nations also reeled upon watching The Black
       | Swan. After the series premiered in Sweden, a criminologist at
       | Lund University warned: "There's a lot of evidence that it's
       | probably even worse here."
        
         | belter wrote:
         | "Sweden's sudden awakening to corruption - From small
         | arrangements between friends to large-scale bribery and
         | embezzlement, Swedes are discovering the extent of a phenomenon
         | they had underestimated" -
         | https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/05/08/s...
        
           | guappa wrote:
           | I think they really aren't, not at large. At the core they
           | need to feel superior, and that includes believing that they
           | are genetically honest, unlike those people with darker skin
           | and brown eyes.
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | Since the late eighties Sweden has privatised, as the euphemism
         | goes, heavily. In particular schools and medical and elder care
         | have become cesspools of corruption and mob activity. It's
         | gotten worse in construction as well.
         | 
         | Today some active politicians simultaneously perform as senior
         | advisers and the like for so called public affairs, i.e.
         | lobbying, firms. That is, in the open. The leader of one of the
         | largest parties in parliament and kind of part of the current
         | government had a mob leader as guest at his wedding a while
         | back.
         | 
         | There's an agreement among the largest parties to blame the
         | fallout on immigrant minorities. They still disagree about
         | whether to also put blame on sexual and gender minorities, as
         | well as indigenous minorities. I expect them to start agreeing
         | more during the next election.
        
           | scottyah wrote:
           | Interesting. It really seems like wherever the power goes,
           | the corruption follows. The good news with privatization is
           | that it doesn't attract the corrupt looters to government and
           | you can trust them as a culture to be a watchdog for
           | corruption.
           | 
           | When the government as a body is in control of everything,
           | all the corrupt looters go there, but you can't have the
           | private industry keep them in check unless you count on the
           | pipeline of years in industry gaining financial freedom ->
           | public service as a regulator.
        
         | guappa wrote:
         | Yeah swedish people think like that. Living in sweden and
         | having some experience I can tell you that there's no
         | corruption because the police don't care to investigate it,
         | even with proof they won't bring people to justice. Most that
         | happens to corrupt people is that they quit job and go to work
         | somewhere else.
        
           | wubrr wrote:
           | Same in Canada for the most part.
        
         | benregenspan wrote:
         | It's funny that reel is at IKEA, given IKEA's sketchily
         | engineered tax structure, and that it's also the same company
         | that paid off Romanian secret police under Ceausescu.
        
           | Gud wrote:
           | What's sketchy about their tax structure? Just curious what
           | you think. I think they are pretty open about it?
           | 
           | The original purpose of IKEA was to foster self reliance,
           | essentially making everyone a bit handier. IKEA brings decent
           | quality furniture to people who otherwise wouldn't afford it.
           | I think it's a noble goal, hence why I ask.
           | 
           | As I understand it, and I could be wrong, IKEA is owned by a
           | non-profit organization called INGKA, set up in such a way to
           | generate revenue not to a few rich people but:
           | 
           | "INGKA Foundation's purpose is to further, without pursuing
           | any profits, a better everyday life for the many people in
           | need. We achieve this purpose by funding the IKEA Foundation,
           | which is committed to helping children and families living in
           | poverty afford a better everyday life while protecting the
           | planet."
           | 
           | https://www.ingkafoundation.org/our-charitable-purpose/
           | 
           | https://www.inter.ikea.com/en/this-is-inter-ikea-
           | group/about...
           | 
           | https://www.inter.ikea.com/en/-/media/InterIKEA/IGI/Financia.
           | ..
           | 
           | Regarding them paying of Romanian secret police, I'm very
           | interested to hear about it. I know they used east german
           | prisoners for a time as cheap labor.
        
             | decimalenough wrote:
             | The Economist did a famous analysis of IKEA's tax
             | structure:
             | 
             | https://www.economist.com/business/2006/05/11/flat-pack-
             | acco...
             | 
             | TL;DR: The only beneficiaries of INGKA's charity are the
             | owner and his family.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | Sorry, that TL;DR is completely false.
               | 
               | 1) the "owner" is long dead.
               | 
               | 2) the foundation is set up in such a way to perpetuate
               | itself and its goal (to better mankind), forever. Not to
               | generate wealth for Ingvar Kamprads offspring. He hardly
               | left them penniless. His family does not control his
               | foundations. They have a minority vote.
               | 
               | 3) if the world's billionaires set up their organisations
               | in similar ways, the world would be a much better place.
               | 
               | You can read more here:
               | 
               | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/everything-earn-ikea-
               | founder-...
               | 
               | Ingvar Kamprad is known to have lived a simple lifestyle,
               | despite being one of the wealthiest men while he was
               | still alive. While travelling he stayed at cheap hotels
               | and drove an old Volvo. Does this strike you as a man
               | motivated by greed?
               | 
               | From your article: "That control is so tight that not
               | even Mr Kamprad's heirs can loosen it after his death.
               | The foundation's objects require it to "obtain and
               | manage" shares in the Ingka Holding group. Other clauses
               | of its articles require the foundation to manage its
               | shareholding in a way to ensure "the continuity and
               | growth" of the IKEA group. The shares can be sold only to
               | another foundation with the same objects and executive
               | committee, and the foundation can be dissolved only
               | through insolvency."
        
               | decimalenough wrote:
               | Quoting TFA: _What emerges is an outfit that ingeniously
               | exploits the quirks of different jurisdictions to create
               | a charity, dedicated to a somewhat banal cause, that is
               | not only the world 's richest foundation, but is at the
               | moment also one of its least generous. The overall set-up
               | of IKEA minimises tax and disclosure, handsomely rewards
               | the founding Kamprad family and makes IKEA immune to a
               | takeover._
        
         | GardenLetter27 wrote:
         | And yet every other Swede in Stockholm knows someone renting
         | out their first-hand rental apartment illegally.
         | 
         | Or taking one class a year as a "student" to qualify for
         | student housing with rent control, etc.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | Here's an interesting question: If most people in a society
         | believe corruption is at level X when it's actually at X+N, is
         | it better to expose the reality or not?
         | 
         | Being a member of a society that you believe has low corruption
         | disincentivizes you from being corrupt yourself because people
         | generally want to follow the surrounding norms. So it's
         | probably good for people to believe that corruption is better
         | than it is.
         | 
         | But exposing corruption is also necessary to root it out and
         | actually punish the people involved.
         | 
         | How does one make the trade-off for when disclosure is net
         | helpful for reducing overall corruption? Does it depend on X
         | and N?
        
       | kratom_sandwich wrote:
       | Crtl-F "who turns 53 in June" to skip a rather lengthy
       | description of the series (or scroll to the large red "B")
       | 
       | > Nothing I learned from Smajic solved the central mystery of The
       | Black Swan: why did she choose to capsize her life by
       | participating at all?
       | 
       | I recall that Herve Falciani only leaked his trove of tax data
       | when a police investigation was closing in on him. Maybe
       | something similar here: a looming indictment?
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | She was a police informant, and surely any looming indictment
         | would happen in the ~5 years since this started.
        
       | itissid wrote:
       | Its just people. People are the same everywhere, and are
       | fundamentally unpredictable systems. How large groups behave does
       | depends to a certain extent on context: by compared to others and
       | your socio-economic situation. How they publicly expressed their
       | values are entirely different from their behavior. This is to the
       | dread of incumbent governments and pollsters.
       | 
       | If you starve a wealthy man for 2 weeks he will be ready to
       | cannibalize. If you create a metric upon which you place a lot of
       | economic-value, soooner or later it will get gamed and corrupted.
       | If you remove checks and balances humans being unpredictable will
       | turn on each other.
       | 
       | One can choose to ignore this fact, but at the cost of endless
       | grief to oneself and those around.
        
         | hoseyor wrote:
         | I disagree that people are unpredictable systems. The ruling
         | class very much knows that people are not only predictable, but
         | even programmable. It's just the aspirational middle and some
         | lower classes that have internalized the idea that there is no
         | way to predict and that every human is the same and all
         | different groups and people are equal in characteristics and
         | qualities. For example, liars will lie, predictably, even if
         | expressed as a function of probability.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | More accurately, I think it's just confusion about the Law of
         | Large Numbers.
         | 
         | People confuse population-scale average behaviors with
         | guarantees about individuals.
         | 
         | In any country you can find outliers that don't match the
         | country's norms.
         | 
         | The hard part is that the devious ones can leverage their
         | country's (or culture, or state, or relgious affiliation, etc.)
         | norms to disguise their bad behavior. It's easier to scam
         | someone if you pretend to blend in with groups known for being
         | trustworthy.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | You are saying humans are unpredictable, but then you make
         | predictions.
         | 
         | I think you are saying that people's behavior changes based on
         | stimulus. That doesn't mean they're unpredictable, just that
         | the prediction shouldn't be unchanged behavior regardless of
         | stimulus.
        
           | d4mi3n wrote:
           | I read it as the GP saying there's often confusion about
           | assuming behavior about individuals as opposed to making
           | predictions based on trends of large groups of individuals.
           | 
           | For some population, you can safely state that some portion
           | of them will contract appendicitis. You cannot make that same
           | assertion about an individual person. This likewise carries
           | to specific behaviors (theft, charity, becoming a pet owner,
           | etc).
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | The same is true of say washing machine motors. You can
             | predict that ~ 10% of them will fail in a certain amount of
             | time (and even go into how they fail), but that doesn't
             | tell you much about a specific motor. Or sports events, if
             | you say there's a 25% chance of team A winning a single
             | match; the results of the match don't support or refute
             | your prediction... you'd have to run many matches to see if
             | your prediction was empirically correct.
        
         | fumufumufumu wrote:
         | Culture has a large influence.
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12785802.amp
        
         | r3trohack3r wrote:
         | > People are the same everywhere
         | 
         | This is not true in general. Environment does not only
         | influence behavior, it selects for it.
         | 
         | As evidenced by our ability to breed behavior traits in
         | domesticated animals - I.e. ragdoll cats, retrievers, rat
         | terriers, etc. have distinct behavioral traits that have been
         | intentionally selected for.
        
           | cenamus wrote:
           | Those dog breeds differ by like a factor of 10 in size, way
           | more than humans basically in any aspect.
           | 
           | But yeah, depending on how strong the selective force is...
           | Ashkenazy Jews have an average IQ of what, around 130 points?
           | But on the other side also suffer a lot more genetic
           | disorders.
           | 
           | Interesting are also the altitude tolerance of Sherpa, body
           | morphology of the Kenian runners and the dive endurance of a
           | particular South east asian tribe (if I remember correctly),
           | some organ is able to store a lot more blood than usually
        
         | ashoeafoot wrote:
         | If you have a really well working economic system you can bribe
         | everyone to be nice and you declare yourselves saints and
         | history ended. Still makes those that upend these economic
         | systems the evil ones. Even if paradise burns away the candle
         | earth on both ends.
         | 
         | but i digress, and its hard to communicate that its better to
         | end good times with ability to move, then to be caught in
         | paradise, when the resource window falls shut. you want to be
         | able to wiggle and act in the dark times, keep it together ,
         | have tech thats maintainable but not existence ending , while
         | wild hordes fight for the last glimmering bits of the golden
         | era.
        
         | bufferoverflow wrote:
         | > _People are the same everywhere_
         | 
         | That is absolutely not true. People aren't the same even in
         | adjacent neighborhoods sometimes. Some create great
         | environments, some create hells on earth.
         | 
         | Source: I lived in 3 different countries + an isolated island.
         | 
         | But you don't even need my biased opinion on the matter. We
         | have cultures that throw gay people off the roofs, and cultures
         | that celebrate them.
        
           | hnhg wrote:
           | Some of those cultures that apparently celebrate gay people
           | were also chemically castrating them not that long ago, and
           | also have a lot of locals who still hate gay people and
           | cannot wait to get back to the old ways.
           | 
           | The rise of the far right in Europe and USA might challenge
           | your idea of fixed regional cultures quite soon.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | The main drive of who you call "far right" is precisely to
             | import _less_ people that want to throw gays off roofs.
        
               | hnhg wrote:
               | Some of them, maybe. Some others are just not tolerant of
               | LGBT lifestyles and equality at all.
               | 
               | Also, I don't think someone who wants limited immigration
               | is necessarily far right.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | *)limiting _ILLEGAL_ immigration, emphasis on the word
               | illegal.
               | 
               | Nobody in Europe has a problem with _LEGAL_ immigration,
               | but the left wing parties and MSM keeps ignoring this and
               | sweeping illegal immigration along the legal immigration
               | banner to drive the narrative that Europeans are racists
               | who hate all immigrants in order to justify (social)
               | media censorship and restrictions on free speech to fight
               | the  "right wing extremist nazi" boogie man, which
               | ironically, actually fuels the swing towards the
               | extremist right wing, because the regular public
               | discourse and communication channels for criticizing
               | illegal immigration in public are censored/disabled.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | They always say that, until you talk about legalizing
               | more immigration, then you find out that no, they don't
               | want any more immigration period.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | _> until you talk about legalizing more immigration_
               | 
               | Maybe because people have been duped so much in the last
               | 10+ years to know that the loaded statement of "more
               | immigration" from the government only means legalizing
               | more ILLEGAL immigration, driving them to hate all forms
               | of immigration because the governments have proven
               | themselves useless at enforcing border controls and
               | depurations of those who brake the law.
               | 
               | That's the result that you get when you maliciously sweep
               | ILLEGAL immigration under the same political banner used
               | for legal immigration, as the liberal European
               | governments have done, so you end up hurting the image of
               | legal immigration as well but this is the fault of
               | politicians, not the people whoa have suffered form
               | illegal immigration and have next to no channels of
               | changing this other than voting far right.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Ummm... At least in the US, they are absolutely not
               | worried about law breaking at all. Look who they just
               | elected president? "Law and order" is basically dead
               | here.
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | Do you want the Orange Man to bring back all those
               | prisoners he sent to EL Salvador? Would you like them in
               | your neighborhood?
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I just find it fascinating how some people are perfectly
               | fine with rich criminals, but want to get rid of the poor
               | criminals. It makes me wonder what their real motivations
               | are.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | Crimes by random thugs is affecting day-to-day life much
               | more than corrupt politicians stuffing their pockets with
               | public money.
               | 
               | Getting stabbed on the street vs somebody giving a
               | government contract to a buddy? If I must choose, I'd
               | rather take the later tbh.
        
               | guappa wrote:
               | Is it? A thug might occasionally steal your wallet. Rich
               | criminals make sure you will not get cure for whatever
               | illness you will surely get as you get older.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | A thug may kill you and it won't matter much what illness
               | you'll get at old age.
        
               | guappa wrote:
               | A lightning might kill you as well while you're still in
               | the crib. But not all these events have the same
               | probability.
               | 
               | Why do you worry more about the very unlikely events and
               | not at all about the almost sure events?
        
               | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
               | https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/immigration/articl
               | e30...
               | 
               | When you use a list of tattoo elements to identify
               | "Venezuelan gang members" and that list is also matched
               | by the cheap options on the wall of any random tattoo
               | shop, you tend to get a lot of false positives.
               | 
               | Mr. Mota can absolutely stay in my neighborhood.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | I don't think that anyone minds immigration of highly
               | educated people from advanced civilized countries that
               | have aligned values and respect local cultures.
               | 
               | But illegal _and_ legal immigrants from other countries
               | mainly consume taxpayer resources and spread crime and
               | violence.
        
               | guappa wrote:
               | Of course they do mind, ask any dark skinned person with
               | a university degree about their experiences.
        
               | decimalenough wrote:
               | A lot of people in Europe absolutely have a problem with
               | legal immigration, with asylum seekers particularly
               | maligned.
               | 
               | Specifically, the rise of far-right parties in
               | Scandinavia, Germany and France is very much a reaction
               | to legal immigration from Arab and African countries. The
               | argument is not "they're stealing our jobs", but "they're
               | abusing our welfare benefits, driving up crime and raping
               | our women".
        
               | FirmwareBurner wrote:
               | 1) Not all asylum seekers are legal immigrants. Legal
               | means you have obtained an entry visa before crossing the
               | border.
               | 
               | 2) Even huge amounts of legal asylum seekers can end up
               | straining the already thin welfare state, so it's only
               | normal that taxpayers paying for the welfare state, ask
               | their politicians _" where are you goanna house all these
               | newly arrived asylum seekers when even citizens and
               | taxpayers are struggling with housing?"_ or _" how do you
               | know all those unvetted people you're letting in aren't
               | criminals or if they're compatible with our culture and
               | values so that we and our children can feel safe in
               | public?"_
               | 
               | So when politicians provide no answers to those
               | questions, how are you surprised voters aren't taking
               | this well and choosing the extreme right?
        
               | decimalenough wrote:
               | I'm not sure who you're asking, but I'm not surprised at
               | all.
        
           | only-one1701 wrote:
           | Would love to know your thoughts on what differentiates
           | people. Perhaps race?
        
             | ANewFormation wrote:
             | Similar experience/perspective as the gp. People in
             | different places are, in many if not most cases, just
             | fundamentally different in countless ways.
             | 
             | I think both genetics (personality, among endless other
             | characteristics is significantly to majority heritable and
             | going to have different distributions in different areas)
             | and environment/culture play significant roles.
             | 
             | But an interesting thing is that by the time people are
             | adults, perhaps even before, the environmental factors have
             | irreversibly changed them so marginalising cultural factors
             | as "just" environmental doesn't really paint a fair
             | picture.
             | 
             | For a person who's happy to travel/live just about anywhere
             | this makes having children doubly fun, because you
             | basically get to decide the 'cultural mold' for your
             | children, which is really neat!
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | I would call it culture. How you are educated, what you see
             | around since day 0 on. It is very hard to escape it and
             | unless you travel and live in another country you will not
             | even be aware of such things (and even then you need a
             | certain level of introspection).
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | Seeing how the concept of race is a social construct with
             | absolutely zero science behind it then no.
        
               | ANewFormation wrote:
               | This is commonly stated but seems more driven by ideology
               | than science. People's racial identity is near to
               | perfectly correlated with their genetic identity as can
               | be ascertained with a very limited number of genetic
               | markers.
               | 
               | And essentially all of species related biology would be a
               | 'social construct' by such logic. The difference between
               | entire _species_ is often poorly defined. Different
               | species can even interbreed and produce fertile offspring
               | such as a liger. Or take the Australian Dingo which is
               | literally just a wild dog, but it 's not classified as
               | one for quite arbitrary reasons.
        
             | intrasight wrote:
             | We all differ in nature and nurture - in subtle and major
             | ways.
             | 
             | We're knowledgeable people here, so we know there's no such
             | thing as race other than as a human artifact. As human
             | artifact, it can certainly affect how we think and
             | therefore how we behave.
        
             | K0balt wrote:
             | People are motivated by genetics and memetics. Genetics
             | makes us get hungry when we don't eat, gives us sexual
             | urges, things like that that we share with even the simpler
             | forms of life. How we are affected and influenced by those
             | stimuli is largely a matter of genetics.
             | 
             | How we react to those stimuli is governed by culture, or
             | memetics. Like genes, memetic frameworks are also passed on
             | generationally, but with a much higher mutation rate.
             | 
             | Genetics is hardware, which defines possible behaviors.
             | Memetics is operating system and applications, defining
             | actual behaviors.
        
             | jjani wrote:
             | Culture is everything. Culture being the people you're
             | surrounded with on a daily basis, not the culture of an
             | arbitrary geography. The people you interact with in your
             | home, at school, at work, at the church/sports club. What
             | is the distribution of their actions, values, practices?
             | 
             | It is the major decider from the way one talks, one walks,
             | one acts, one decides, everything.
             | 
             | Can it be overruled by nature? Yes, very rarely. There's
             | always a very small percentage of people (often thought of
             | as neurodivergent, or witches, or simply free-spirited or
             | eccentric, all case by case) who's neurogenetics cause them
             | to partiaLly diverge. But these are the exceptions.
        
           | mr_toad wrote:
           | > We have cultures that throw gay people off the roofs, and
           | cultures that celebrate them.
           | 
           | And you could take single individuals from either culture and
           | drop them in the other culture, and most of them would
           | happily act and think just like the new culture, and swear
           | blind that they'd always thought that way.
           | 
           | It would be an interesting experiment to see how many
           | individuals you could replace one-by-one before the culture
           | changed. Or perhaps, like a Ship of Theseus, you could
           | replace all the people, but have the culture endure.
        
             | ANewFormation wrote:
             | And so if you went to Saudi Arabia you'd pretend to be down
             | with executing people for apostasy?
             | 
             | Obviously it's an extreme example but many of the norms of
             | a Western mindset would be no less offensive to billions of
             | people in this world.
             | 
             | What bias of moderation exists is that you probably
             | wouldn't migrate to Saudi Arabia unless you were already
             | mostly ok with their values.
             | 
             | And if e.g. economic opportunity drove you there you'd
             | probably keep your opinions to yourself, but it's unlikely
             | your values would fundamentally change.
             | 
             | I will only add - I speak from experience here.
        
               | neaden wrote:
               | If you grew up in Saudi Arabia raised by a typical family
               | then yeah sure, you probably would be fine with it.
               | Culture of course shapes people and I think it's silly to
               | pretend you could freely swap adults but that doesn't
               | mean that people are fundamentally different.
        
               | bufferoverflow wrote:
               | That's not what he asked you. You answered some other
               | question.
        
               | janderson215 wrote:
               | The question that was asked was not to confirm what GP
               | said, it was combative to try to position GP as a bad
               | person. Basically the equivalent of saying "so you're
               | saying you would be okay killing Jews if you lived in
               | Nazi Germany."
               | 
               | GP answered to clarify their position and answered the
               | only question that should have been asked, the equivalent
               | of, "if during my childhood I was indoctrinated by the
               | Hitler Youth program, yes I probably would have done this
               | horrible thing and so would you."
        
               | bsoles wrote:
               | > What bias of moderation exists is that you probably
               | wouldn't migrate to Saudi Arabia unless you were already
               | mostly ok with their values... you'd probably keep your
               | opinions to yourself, but it's unlikely your values would
               | fundamentally change.
               | 
               | Then, how do you explain, for example some people who
               | migrates to France from a majority Muslim country and
               | decides all French people are infidels and deserve death?
               | Similarly, I know a lot of people who would curse
               | America, yet still chooses to live in America. They were
               | never mostly OK with the values on their current
               | countries...
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Hahaha. Take a look at western Europe. Vast majority of the
             | immigrants from neither Africa or Middle east didn't adopt
             | any of the core values of their host country even after
             | decade+. More often than not, even second generation has
             | very different values. What happens is isolated or
             | connected silos of original values surviving a lot of
             | generations.
             | 
             | Just ask Germans or French or Belgian folks, or go there.
             | The idea was exactly what you write, and it failed
             | miserably with no solution in sight.
             | 
             | Just to explain - we have friends among those communities.
             | We like them a lot, but the difference is there even after
             | couple of generations. Its not talked about much, but if
             | you look for it, it shows up. Nobody will talk about this
             | with strangers of course, thats just polite facade.
        
               | jjani wrote:
               | They were arguably never placed in fact never placed in
               | the culture. There are 24 hours in a day. In what culture
               | does one spend most of those hours?
               | 
               | Imagine if those same people would have been adopted as
               | newborns, by a rural family on a farm in Belgium, France
               | or Germany.
               | 
               | This isn't inherent to Europe, nor to any particular
               | background. I live in Korea. Most Western immigrants here
               | spend most of their time not inside the culture. They
               | both work and relax outside of the dominant culture. If
               | they have children here, and raise them similarly, those
               | children will also have different values. But if they put
               | their child in environments where everyone else is from
               | the dominant culture, for >8 hours per day ever since
               | kindergarten, then that's the values they'll take on.
               | 
               | It all does come down to culture. For what it's worth,
               | I'm originally from Europe, and very familiar with the
               | phenomenon you're talking about.
               | 
               | Someone else here rightly mentioned the internet as
               | changing this somewhat, which has some truth in it - it
               | does affect the probability distribution. But by and
               | large, it still holds.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "Vast majority of the immigrants from neither Africa or
               | Middle east didn't adopt any of the core values of their
               | host country even after decade"
               | 
               | Depends. I think in their home countries, Muslim youth
               | does not hang around drunk in the park, that is more of a
               | european thing, erm. cultural value. So they clearly
               | adopted.
               | 
               | Ok, so that was satirical. But they are the ones
               | bothering me. I am not bothered by women wearing a Hijab
               | and I don't see that hurting our values.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | The Hijab is the least problem. The polls among European
               | Muslims that show their attitudes towards secularism and
               | various human rights that we take for granted (such as
               | "abandoning your religion") are the problem. As are the
               | consequences, such as parallel societies and the visible
               | tip of the iceberg = actual terrorists and the whole
               | infrastructure for recruiting them and sending them to
               | jihadist hotspots.
        
             | rafaelmn wrote:
             | > and most of them would happily act and think just like
             | the new culture, and swear blind that they'd always thought
             | that way.
             | 
             | If that was true you wouldn't have minority communities
             | isolated within larger ones, they would just naturally mix
             | - but the ones that do are the outliers.
        
             | bufferoverflow wrote:
             | Absolutely not. You can move me to any place on earth, I
             | will not be okay with throwing gay people off the roofs for
             | being gay.
             | 
             | The fact that you think like that is kind of insane to me.
        
           | kaveh_h wrote:
           | Distribution of Culture is way different now that internet
           | enables virtual cultures to exist which have less physical
           | barrier.
        
           | Gormo wrote:
           | Individuals are drastically different from each other.
           | Populations of humans, however, regress to the mean fairly
           | readily, and even small groups (at least if they aren't
           | grouped according to precise selection criteria) will tend to
           | reflect very similar emergent patterns.
        
           | bsoles wrote:
           | > If you starve a wealthy man for 2 weeks he will be ready to
           | cannibalize... People are the same everywhere.
           | 
           | > That is absolutely not true. People aren't the same even in
           | adjacent neighborhoods sometimes. Some create great
           | environments, some create hells on earth.
           | 
           | Sure. People are not the same in their current behaviors.
           | People are the same in how they acquire their behaviors or
           | change their behaviors based on the conditions of their
           | environments. And sometimes these changes are very quick.
           | 
           | To give a very simple example, many people in my native
           | country who would throw burning cigarette butts on the
           | ground, stop doing so immediately when they, say, immigrate
           | to the US. They didn't really change all of a sudden; what
           | remains the same is the people's opportunistic ability to
           | adapt to the conditions of their environment, regardless of
           | what is moral, just, etc.
        
             | alternatex wrote:
             | Your example is a popular trope in the Balkans about how
             | Balkan people behave when they go to work in Germany vs how
             | they behave when they come back home in the Balkans.
             | 
             | Incentives are everything in a civilized society and anyone
             | who cannot wrap their mind around this is most likely
             | privileged.
        
         | nilslindemann wrote:
         | What you say seems to be an exaggerated view of the world
         | ("It's just people"). You confuse a few people with sociopathic
         | trails with the average normal human with a heart and a
         | conscience.
         | 
         | The examples you give come from environments which are likely
         | to attract sociopaths. You yourself are with a higher
         | probability a narcissist than the average human [1].
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/96cff233-cefd-45...
        
       | mtgentry wrote:
       | One nice thing about being on the spectrum is that you can spot
       | morally sketchy situations more clearly--or at least more clearly
       | than most normies. I once walked out of a pitch meeting where we
       | were trying to land a client that completely clashed with a
       | solid, well-paying client we already had. I couldn't believe no
       | one else saw the huge conflict of interest. No one batted an
       | eyelash.
        
       | albert_e wrote:
       | > One out of every two Danes has seen the documentary.
       | 
       | Why not simpler English -- "half of the country has watched it"
       | 
       | Also pendatic aside -- i think "every two danes" is a stretch --
       | i am sure we can find many instances of "two danes" where both
       | has watched it. Or neither. Some are being born as we speak
       | (write).
        
         | dfawcus wrote:
         | > Why not simpler English -- "half of the country has watched
         | it"
         | 
         | I guess as it was aimed at a British audience, and that is not
         | an uncommon way for us to form such sentences.
         | 
         | If you hadn't mentioned it, I'd not even have noticed it,
         | simply parsing it as "half".
        
           | danso wrote:
           | If this were social media, at least 10 people including me
           | would be replying with the Major Hellstrom Sees Three Fingers
           | meme.
        
         | daedrdev wrote:
         | One out of every two X is an extremely common and perfectly
         | reasonable phrase in english, meaning your complaint about
         | finding 2 Danes who haven't watched it is nonsensical as we
         | know they mean on average.
        
         | thwarted wrote:
         | Why say "four out of five dentists" instead of "80% of
         | dentists"?
        
           | dfawcus wrote:
           | Because that is just what we do.
           | 
           | Expressing things as percentages was a late arrival; when
           | until the mid 70s folks had to be able to cope with, and
           | mentally manipulate vulgar fractions.
        
             | absolutelastone wrote:
             | "four out of five" has the same number of syllables as
             | "80%". "Three out of four" has even fewer syllables than
             | 75%, for that matter. So I can see why those stuck around.
             | Meanwhile "one out of two" is wordier than just "half". Are
             | you saying British people still use it in such an
             | inefficient case anyway?
        
               | dfawcus wrote:
               | The media does when writing such things up, stylistic
               | choices.
               | 
               | It is also likely to be "one in two" rather than "one out
               | of two", in speech "half", "three quarters", "seven
               | eighths" etc is more likely.
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | That seems a bit overblown. I doubt that most wasn't aware that
       | things like this is going on. Perhaps the scale and the number of
       | people involved is a little more than most would have expected.
       | The worst bit, for me and most of the people I debated the
       | documentary with is how people can be so unapologetic about doing
       | irreparable environmental damage. There's currently a another
       | case where a company have blatantly mismanaged handling of
       | polluted soil, in the name of profit. The fact that these people
       | don't give a shit, and the people working of them just hit a wall
       | if they're trying to alert local government is the most choking,
       | not that there's corruption.
       | 
       | Also this type of corruption isn't seen by Danes in our day to
       | day life, so they don't really register on our corruption
       | perception. I still struggle to view it as corruption and not
       | just straight up criminal activity or deliberate environmental
       | damage.
        
       | danso wrote:
       | Besides the description of the scandal for non-Danish audiences,
       | this was also an interesting reflection on the deception inherent
       | in the production of any kind of documentary work, even when it's
       | portrayed as straight CCTV footage.
       | 
       | > _All documentaries are artificial: their footage has been
       | carefully threshed and sieved with an eye to telling a story or
       | pushing an argument. The Black Swan, though, relies on the
       | unblinking, real-time gaze of hidden CCTV cameras, so we lull
       | ourselves into thinking that we're seeing the full picture, the
       | full truth. No such thing. Instead, we get evasion upon evasion:
       | Smajic's charade for her clients, Malm cheating the taxman, TV2
       | withholding their work from the police, Brugger keeping details
       | from his audience. Smajic's final bluff merely confirms what
       | Brugger seems to have believed throughout his career: everywhere,
       | there are conspiracies and lies that he must expose, even if he
       | has to participate in the dissembling himself._
       | 
       | > _...Smajic believes she's a victim of journalistic deceit. The
       | Black Swan was meant to be about her life, she said, with the
       | hidden camera footage being used only sparingly to corroborate
       | her stories. She'd been offered no security during the filming,
       | she said. When TV2 screened the first three episodes for her
       | approval, they were really just raw, unedited clips, she
       | maintained, and in any case, she'd been strongly medicated after
       | a surgery and couldn't assess them with a clear mind. ("Amira
       | watched the edited episodes, they just needed finalising," TV2's
       | Norgaard told me. "During the four hours she spent with the
       | editorial team that day, she appeared unaffected and seemed
       | coherent, as we also documented in the series.") Smajic hadn't
       | been running any other office at the time, she said to me, and in
       | any case, "they hadn't bought the rights to every single moment
       | in my life"._
        
       | raincom wrote:
       | In the third world, corruption is very open from the clerk in a
       | local revenue office to the top ministers/secretaries. There is a
       | price for every service.
       | 
       | In the West, it is hard to see low-level corruption (bribes for
       | services) in offices. However, corruption takes form in the shape
       | of collusion; and this collusion is pretty much legal. Revolving
       | door, consultants, lobbyists, conflicts of interests, setting up
       | NGOs to grab money from the govt, offering sinecure jobs like
       | advisors, directors, etc for friends and family--these are some
       | strategies to do unethical yet legal stuff in the West.
        
         | huijzer wrote:
         | I was just listening to a talk by Stephen Kotkin were he
         | mentioned corruption. He said corruption is not binary.
         | Instead, it's a continuum. The question is how much of the
         | money a public servant spends will actually end up in the
         | desired outcome. In China, he said, maybe 20% will end up in
         | the pockets of the public servant while the other 80% is spent
         | on the road. In Nigeria, he said, everything will go to the
         | servant and there will be no road.
         | 
         | Source: https://youtu.be/ZD8BhZEJcjI at around 1:00:00.
        
           | raincom wrote:
           | This continuum hides one thing: overbidding in terms of
           | project cost and underdelivery in terms of quality. At least
           | in US, quality is maintained, while costing 300% more (look
           | at any subway, rail projects). In the third world, projects
           | are overbid, also underdeliver in terms of quality. No
           | quality control at all.
        
           | intrasight wrote:
           | > it's a continuum
           | 
           | Corruption is multidimensional. There's the size. There's the
           | nature of the parties involved. There's the question of
           | whether it's legal or illegal - which itself as a continuum
           | as my lawyer girlfriend always reminds me
        
         | dumbfounder wrote:
         | No conflict, no interest.
        
         | gooosle wrote:
         | In Canada you can just steal public funds if you're in the
         | government with complete immunity. Set up a government program
         | to support X (ex - greeness, gender education in congo,
         | studying a random worm somewhere in asia, etc), then just
         | transfer the funds directly to your own companies, and the
         | companies of your friends and family [1]. We had like 5 major
         | corruption scandals in the last 2 years - basically zero
         | repercussions for those involved.
         | 
         | If you pick the right reason/name for X - anyone who crticises
         | you can also automatically be labelled racist, dumb, fascist or
         | whatever as well.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Tech...
        
       | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
       | I cannae creids there would be something rotten in the state of
       | Denmark
        
       | croes wrote:
       | Will that change Denmark's position in the Corruption Perception
       | Index?
       | 
       | https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2024
       | 
       | I always thought the lower the more realistic
        
         | nolito wrote:
         | I d'ont. Im portuguese living in Denmark for many years. The
         | difference is just perception.
         | 
         | The portuguese say: "this shitty country is so corrupt". I
         | never encountered any corruption in Portugal.
         | 
         | The danes say: "See we are the best and justest country in the
         | World without corruption". Facts say otherwise. Just google
         | Lars Lokke Rasmussen and take a look at his actions
        
           | guappa wrote:
           | Italian living in sweden. It's 100% identical. They don't
           | even bother to hide it, because there can't be corruption
           | here by definition. So to us it's so obvious.
        
       | Isamu wrote:
       | >All of Scandinavia, he believes, has persuaded itself that crime
       | exists only in violent, poor abscesses on the edges of their
       | societies. "The Danes totally subscribe to this idea that Denmark
       | has no corruption, and to the idea of Denmark as the end of the
       | road," Brugger said, referring to the political scientist Francis
       | Fukuyama's notion that "getting to Denmark" is the goal of every
       | modern democracy.
       | 
       | First, this is an assertion about "All of Scandinavia", and there
       | is some contradiction about crime exists but is small, and
       | Denmark has "no corruption". But this is basic over-
       | generalization, between low and none, and a expose that provides
       | anecdotes but doesn't challenge statistics.
       | 
       | Still people will claim (rhetorically) "none" when the real
       | answer is not zero. And is that really incorrect? To be correct
       | is to quantify and provide your reasoning. That's something that
       | public discourse is yet to embrace.
        
       | JMiao wrote:
       | How can we view in the usa?
        
       | eitland wrote:
       | Haven't seen this film, but here are some observations I think we
       | should keep in mind in general when it comes to journalism.
       | 
       | There is a famous saying, that in one version goes like this:
       | 
       |  _I consider it completely unimportant who in the party will
       | vote, or how; but what is extraordinarily important is this --
       | who will count the votes, and how. [1]_
       | 
       | Mutatis mutandis, something very similar can be said about
       | filmmaking: it is of less importance exactly what someone says
       | and of great importance who cuts and edit it.
       | 
       | Light or lack of light, missing context - this can be the exact
       | questions asked that triggered the answer[2] or what the person
       | said to qualify their statements [3]. There is music, sound
       | effects, camera perspectives and so on and so on.
       | 
       | One can also lead the viewer towards a conclusion without
       | spelling it out [4].
       | 
       | There is a reason militaries advice soldier that in case of
       | capture we should say as little as absolutely possible outside of
       | what one is legally required to say: name, rank, service number,
       | and date of birth. Anything and everything can and probably will
       | be abused.
       | 
       | This is true not only for opponents in a war but as probably
       | everyone knows also with police in most of the world, and HN is
       | keenly aware of this.
       | 
       | I'd argue that we should be equally aware when it comes to
       | journalism: as much as I respect many journalists, they are not a
       | homogeneous group of perfectly ethical people striving for
       | perfect objectivity. They have personal agendas: fame, income,
       | people and cases they sympathize with and people and cases
       | theywant to hurt.
       | 
       | We should be aware of this when reading, watching or listening -
       | but of course even more when answering questions.
       | 
       | Any competent defense attorney can tell
       | 
       | [1]: Supposedly said by Stalin in reference to a vote in the
       | Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, but
       | exactly who said is is less important than the general idea.
       | 
       | [2]: can be as simple as this classic: asking the person
       | "hypothetically, if you wanted to ... how would you have done
       | it?"
       | 
       | [3]: Simple example: "Q: Have you cheated on your taxes? A: yes,
       | <here the director cuts>, back in 1956 when I was 18 ..."
       | 
       | [4]: This is an actual example: Our public broadcaster in Norway
       | mentioning that they had tried to investigate the economic
       | transactions of some people, saying they couldn't do it and it
       | was very confusing and ending that segment with a merry go round.
       | 
       | What they didn't mention was that Norwegian police had already
       | investigated the same people over three years, several months
       | secretly and had not only been unable to prove the crimes
       | suggested, but gone as far as stating they found it proven that
       | the accused were innocent.
        
       | edm0nd wrote:
       | Did you really make it as a rapper? Do you have a Spotify or
       | Soundcloud or wat?
        
       | wtcactus wrote:
       | Did it really shatter their self image, or it just made every
       | Dane realize that the tabu their society created against speaking
       | badly on the absurdity high taxation they face is actually felt
       | by everyone that is a net contributor of their system?
       | 
       | The middle class citizen in most of Europe is now paying more
       | than 50% of their earnings to the state. I don't believe a single
       | one actually believes this is anything fair and many surely think
       | it's oppressive and a form of slavery.
       | 
       | There are only 3 kinds of people that defend these outrageously
       | high taxes:
       | 
       | - the ones that are a net negative to the system
       | 
       | - populist politicians
       | 
       | - people that are indoctrinated to virtue signal about the theme,
       | but that don't actually believe in it (the ones in the video)
       | 
       | We are really living in the Dictatorship of the Majority.
        
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