[HN Gopher] Waymos crash less than human drivers
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Waymos crash less than human drivers
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 100 points
       Date   : 2025-03-26 20:57 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.understandingai.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.understandingai.org)
        
       | doctorpangloss wrote:
       | Another point of view is, if CVC violations were enforced against
       | human drivers as robustly as they are against Waymos; and if
       | human drivers were held to the same standards of liability as
       | Waymos; human drivers in California would be way safer too. To
       | me, the overall safety of all the driverless programs should be
       | interpreted as a huge victory for regulators.
        
         | GolfPopper wrote:
         | Another point of view is: does the comparison involve similar
         | vehicles, with similar maintenance, and under similar
         | conditions?
        
         | elmerfud wrote:
         | I think this is not accounted for in any of the data. There are
         | a lot of bad human drivers that are not removed from the road.
         | There are a lot is human drivers that never bother with
         | increasing their skills or experience in driving. Those people
         | can drag down the numbers.
         | 
         | Because with waymos anything learned by one is immediately
         | available to all of them. Therefore you have lots of miles but
         | effectively one driver. Now if you take human drivers and pick
         | only the best, how do you numbers look then? Many people have
         | driven lifetimes and not been in an accident or not in an
         | accident that was their fault or reasonable predictable and
         | avoidable by them.
         | 
         | Driving needs to be considered a lot more serious of a task
         | than it currently is. There are many driving errors that are
         | the primary cause of accidents but those people are never
         | forced to get extended drivers education. Self driving cars are
         | nice but if the goal is to prevent accidents it's a bit like
         | requiring everyone to order prepared food to prevent injury
         | while cooking.
         | 
         | At some point we need to get back to shaming those who are bad
         | at something and requiring that they improve their skills
         | rather that restricting everyone else's freedoms.
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | > There are a lot of bad human drivers that are not removed
           | from the road.
           | 
           | Well. If you let people get away with murder by saying "Oh,
           | I'm a confused little old lady, I thought the gas pedal was
           | the brake." That's what I mean by robust enforcement. It is
           | 100% not at all about data.
           | 
           | Consider this: A Waymo could be _provably_ confused about a
           | situation, we can _directly_ peer into the state of its mind
           | and _prove_ that it is confused, despite driving safer than
           | the average. Do you know what would happen to the Waymo
           | program if one of its vehicles careened into a family of
           | pedestrians and killed them all?
           | 
           | > something something about skills
           | 
           | Agency is kind of a myth. For human drivers, experts agree
           | that road design has the biggest impact. Experts also think
           | we should have better public transport.
           | 
           | The problems are bigger than Department of Unenactable Urban
           | Fantasy or American Victim Blaming Institute. Self driving
           | cars are exciting because they are like a cheat code around
           | all these intractable social issues.
        
       | ikerino wrote:
       | > Using human crash data, Waymo estimated that human drivers on
       | the same roads would get into 78 crashes serious enough to
       | trigger an airbag. By comparison, Waymo's driverless vehicles
       | only got into 13 airbag crashes. That represents an 83 percent
       | reduction in airbag crashes relative to typical human drivers.
       | 
       | > This is slightly worse than last September, when Waymo
       | estimated an 84 percent reduction in airbag crashes over Waymo's
       | first 21 million miles.
       | 
       | nitpick: Is it really slightly worse, or is it "effectively
       | unchanged" with such sparse numbers? At a glance, the sentence is
       | misleading even though it might be correct on paper. Could've
       | said: "This improvement holds from last September..."
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | I wonder how many of those airbag crashes were an At-fault or
         | shared-fault of the Waymo AVs.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Considering that there's a >1000:1 ratio of regular cars to
           | Waymo AVs - Waymo would have to be EXTREMELY terrible at
           | driving to move the numbers for the other group meaningfully
           | - which would show up in Waymo's own crash data.
           | 
           | There's also historical data. So if you saw a spike in
           | crashes for regular vehicles after Waymo arrives, it would be
           | sus. But there is no such spike. Further evidence Waymo isn't
           | causing problems for non AVs.
           | 
           | Of course anything is possible. But it's unlikely.
        
             | MostlyStable wrote:
             | I'm confused by your comment. We shouldn't expect that
             | Waymo accidents should budge overall accidents (which seems
             | to be what you are talking about), but it wouldn't be crazy
             | for Waymo, even if it was much safer overall, to be
             | responsible for some non-trivial amount of all the
             | accidents it has.
             | 
             | For example, imagine that Waymo is (somehow) far far _far_
             | superhuman in it 's ability to avoid other cars doing
             | dumb/bad things. It has a dramatic reduction in overall
             | accidents because it magically can completely get rid of
             | accidents where the other driver is at fault. But, in some
             | very specific circumstances, it can't figure out the proper
             | rate to slow down at intersections, and it consistently
             | rear ends vehicles in front of it. This specific situation
             | is very rare, so overall accidents still are low (much
             | lower than human drivers), but, in our made up, constructed
             | (and extremely non-sensical) hypothetical, nearly 100% of
             | Waymo accidents are Waymos fault.
             | 
             | So I don't think it's ridiculous to ask how many of the
             | accidents Waymo has been involved in are the fault of the
             | Waymo vehicle. It turns out that (assuming Waymo's side of
             | the story is to be trusted), almost none of them are their
             | fault, but it didn't _have_ to be that way, even in the
             | case where Waymo accidents were more rare than human
             | accidents.
        
           | MostlyStable wrote:
           | Assuming you trust Waymo's account, the article details them,
           | saying the following:
           | 
           | >So that's a total of 34 crashes. I don't want to make
           | categorical statements about these crashes because in most
           | cases I only have Waymo's side of the story. But it doesn't
           | seem like Waymo was at fault in any of them.
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | Back when I used to pay attention to this stuff, the vast
             | majority of crashes occurred when the Waymo vehicle was
             | rear-ended while stopped at a traffic light.
        
         | barbegal wrote:
         | Of course it's not worse, these numbers have huge error bars.
         | Statistically the two statistics are not significantly
         | different. But trying to explain that to most people with no
         | knowledge of statistics is tough.
        
           | nukem222 wrote:
           | 83 vs 84 percent doesn't seem too difficult to present as
           | "essentially the same". I also don't think this matters much
           | --the result is impressive regardless of alleged rate of
           | change.
        
           | unreal6 wrote:
           | One would hope that a writer on this subject would have at
           | least a cursory knowledge of statistics
        
         | awongh wrote:
         | The number of miles driven seems large, but Gemini says there
         | are thousands of crashes per day in the US- so 78 or 13 crashes
         | is a really small sample size....
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | One of the more interesting things Waymo discovered early in the
       | project is that the actual incidents of vehicle collision were
       | under-counted by about a factor of 3. This is because NHTSA was
       | using accident reports and insurance data for their tracking
       | state, but only 1/3 of collisions were bad enough for either
       | first responders or insurance to get involved; the rest were
       | "Well, that'll buff out and I don't want my rates to go up,
       | so..." fender-taps.
       | 
       | But Waymo vehicles were recording and tracking all the traffic
       | around them, so they ended up out-of-the-starting-gate with more
       | accurate collision numbers by running a panopticon on drivers on
       | the road.
        
       | nukem222 wrote:
       | I would hope so! Are these rides actually cheaper? Assumably this
       | is orders of magnitude less expensive than hiring a human and the
       | driver is what you pay for. I don't see myself ever getting in a
       | car if my safety is actually a concern.
       | 
       | I don't see myself using any of these any time soon, I tend to
       | drive and walk everywhere and don't see much point to paying
       | someone else to drive barring extenuating circumstances. But
       | _assuming actual cost benefits are delivered to customers_ this
       | might be pretty exciting.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | Right now, they are pricing them similarly to Uber and Lyft,
         | though they do seem to offer more frequent discounts and there
         | is no tipping yet. The experience is better too, IMO.
        
         | theLiminator wrote:
         | > But assuming actual cost benefits are delivered to customers
         | this might be pretty exciting.
         | 
         | I imagine that will require a viable alternative. Right now
         | they're in some senses superior to ride-sharing/taxis as they
         | are (potentially) safer, and cleaner. So there's no real market
         | pressure forcing them to lower prices beyond that of uber et-
         | al.
        
       | mjburgess wrote:
       | Waymos choose the routes, right?
       | 
       | The issue with self-driving is (1) how it generalises across
       | novel environments without "highly-available route data" and
       | provider-chosen routes; (2) how failures are correlated across
       | machines.
       | 
       | In safe driving failures are uncorrelated and safety procedures
       | generalise. We do not yet know if, say, using self-driving very
       | widely will lead to conditions in which "in a few incidents" more
       | people are killed in those incidents than were ever
       | hypothetically saved.
       | 
       | Here, without any confidence intervals, we're told we've saved
       | ~70 airbag incidents in 20 mil miles. A bad update to the fleet
       | will easily eclipse that impact.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > The issue with self-driving is (1) how it generalises across
         | novel environments without "highly-available route data" and
         | provider-chosen routes; (2) how failures are correlated across
         | machines.
         | 
         | Why is (1) an issue? Route data never gets worse.
        
           | bluefirebrand wrote:
           | Route data gets worse all the time
           | 
           | Any time there is a detour, or a construction zone, or a
           | traffic accident, or a road flooded, or whatever else your
           | route data is not just "worse" it is completely wrong
        
             | zmmmmm wrote:
             | it's true, but if the scenarios are rare you can treat them
             | as outliers and have the vehicle switch to a "safety mode"
             | or similar. Even human drivers effectively do that (or
             | should!).
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > Route data never gets worse.
           | 
           | Construction? Parade? Giant tire-crunching pothole in the
           | middle of the freeway?
        
             | virtue3 wrote:
             | Oddly enough Waymo does a solid job of avoiding those.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | Consider London: a series of randomly moving construction
           | sites connected by patches of city.
           | 
           | Waymo, as far as I recall, relies on pretty active route
           | mapping and data sharing -- ie., the cars arent "driving
           | themselves" in the sense of discovering the environment as a
           | self-driving system would.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | Huh? All the Waymo cars in Austin have lots of LIDAR spinny
             | bits and are driving around all the active construction
             | zones downtown and near campus.
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure that counts as "discovering the
             | environment".
        
               | mjburgess wrote:
               | Sure, my understanding is that they collectively share
               | data, and this is combined with central mapping.
               | 
               | On net, yes, they are sensitive to features of the
               | environment and via central coordination maintain a safe
               | map of it.
               | 
               | The mechanism there heavily relies on this background of
               | sharing, mapping, and route planning (and the like) --
               | which impacts on the ability of these cars to operate
               | across all driving environments.
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | Waymo's map data is a prior, not an authoritative reference
             | to the world. The cars report update when the map data is
             | wrong, and a lot of what they use it for (e.g. traffic
             | light identification, fine localization) degrades
             | gracefully when there's new information in the environment.
        
         | jrussino wrote:
         | I wonder if you can decrease the impact of (2) with a policy of
         | phased rollout for updates. I.E. you never update the whole
         | fleet simultaneously; you update a small percentage first and
         | confirm no significant anomalies are observed before
         | distributing the update more widely.
        
           | timschmidt wrote:
           | Ideally you'd selectively enable the updated policy on
           | unoccupied trips on the way to pick someone up, or returning
           | after a drop-off, such that errors (and resultant crashes)
           | can be caught when the car is not occupied.
        
           | nukem222 wrote:
           | Presumably management would also be highly regional.
           | Functionality in san francisco doesn't imply anything about
           | functionality in oakland, etc.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | One measure of robustness could be something like: the
           | ability to resist correlation of failure states under
           | environmental/internal shift. Danger: that under relevant
           | time horizons the integral of injury-to-things-we-care-about
           | is low. And then "safety", a combination: that the system
           | resists correlating failure states in order to preserve a low
           | expected value of injury.
           | 
           | The problem with machines-following-rules is that they're
           | trivially susceptible to violations of this kind of safety.
           | No doubt there are mitigations and strategies for minimising
           | risk, but its not avoidable.
           | 
           | The danger in our risk assessment of machine systems is that
           | we test them under non-adversarial conditions, and observe
           | safety --- because they can quickly cause more injury than
           | they have ever helped.
           | 
           | This is why we worry, of course, about "fluoride in the
           | water" (, vaccines, etc.) and other such population-wide
           | systems... this is the same sitation. A mass public health
           | programme has the same risk profile.
        
         | seper8 wrote:
         | Does waymo also choose the times of driving, and conditions? Or
         | do they always drive, even at night and in heavy rain?
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | Correctly estimating capability is pretty safety positive.
           | 
           | Meaning, humans choosing to drive in more difficult
           | conditions probably means they sometimes drive in conditions
           | that they shouldn't.
        
           | a2128 wrote:
           | I was waiting for a Waymo in Austin during the weekend storm
           | and the Waymo suddenly cancelled on us right after a power
           | outage that lasted a second or two. According to local news
           | the vehicles had stopped and were blocking traffic.
           | 
           | https://www.msn.com/en-us/technology/tech-companies/waymo-
           | ve...
        
           | qgin wrote:
           | This is good to know, but we should note that humans choose
           | also.
        
         | tonyhart7 wrote:
         | Yeah but that's the point no???
         | 
         | machine don't make mistake when they are get perfected in
         | certain route, sure human drive would be better in dynamic
         | areas but you dnt need machine to be perfect either just want
         | (80% scenario)
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | > The issue with self-driving is (1) how it generalises across
         | novel environments
         | 
         | That's also an issue with humans though. I'd argue that traffic
         | usually appears to flow because most of the drivers have taken
         | a specific route daily for ages - i.e., they are _not_ in a
         | novel environment.
         | 
         | When someone drives a route for the first time, they'll be
         | confused, do last-minute lane changes, slow down to try to make
         | a turn, slow down more than others because because they're not
         | 100% clear where they're supposed to go, might line up for and
         | almost do illegal turns, might try to park in impossible
         | places, etc.
         | 
         | Even when someone has driven a route a handful of times they
         | won't know and be ready for the problem spots and where people
         | might surprise they, they'll just know the overall direction.
         | 
         | (And when it is finally carved in their bones to the point
         | where they're placing themselves perfectly in traffic according
         | to the traffic flow and anticipating all the usual choke points
         | and hazards, they'll get lenient.)
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | People have eyes, ears, a voice, hands, etc.
           | 
           | You've a very narrow definition of novel, which is based
           | soley on incidental features of the environment.
           | 
           | For animals, a novel situation is one in which their learnt
           | skills to adapt to the environment fail, and have to acquire
           | new skills. In this sense, drivers are rarely in novel
           | environments.
           | 
           | For statistical systems, novelty can be much more narrowly
           | defined as simply the case where sensory data fails a
           | similar-distribution test with historical data --- this is
           | vastly more common, since the "statistical profile of
           | historical cases, as measured, in data" is narrow.. whilst
           | the "situations skills apply to" is wide.
           | 
           | An example definition of narrow/wide, here: the amount of
           | situations needed to acquire safety in the class of similar
           | environments is exponential for narrow systems, and sublinear
           | for wide ones. ie., A person can adapt a skill in a single
           | scenario, whereas a statistical system will require
           | exponentially more data in the measures of that class of
           | novel scenarios.
        
         | npunt wrote:
         | Generalizing across novel environments is optimal, but I'm not
         | sure the bar needs to be that high to unlock a huge amount of
         | value.
         | 
         | We're probably well past the point where removing all human-
         | driven vehicles (besides bikes) from city streets and replacing
         | them with self-driving vehicles would be a net benefit for
         | safety, congestion, vehicle utilization, road space, and hours
         | saved commuting, such that we could probably rip up a bunch of
         | streets and turn them into parks or housing and still have
         | everyone get to their destinations faster and safer.
         | 
         | The future's here, even if it still has room for improvement.
        
           | floxy wrote:
           | >congestion
           | 
           | I'd think congestion would go up as AVs become more popular,
           | with average occupancy rates per vehicle going down. Since
           | some of the time the vehicle will be driving without any
           | passengers inside. Especially with personally owned AVs.
           | Think of sending a no-human-passenger car to pick up the dog
           | at the vets office. Or a car circling the neighborhood when
           | it is inconvenient to park (parking lot full, expensive,
           | whatever).
        
             | npunt wrote:
             | Up to 30% of cars on city streets at any given time are
             | looking for parking [1].
             | 
             | Cars are also the least utilized asset class, being parked
             | 95% of the time [2].
             | 
             | AVs, by virtue of being able to coordinate fleet-wide and
             | ability to park anywhere rather than only one's home or
             | destination, would be able to gain incredible efficiencies
             | relative to status quo.
             | 
             | Atop those efficiencies, removing both the constraint of
             | having a driver and the constraint of excessive safety
             | systems to make up for human inattentiveness means AVs can
             | get drastically smaller as vehicles, further improving road
             | utilization (imagine lots of 1- and 2-seaters zipping by).
             | And roads themselves can become narrower because there is
             | less room for error with AVs instead of humans.
             | 
             | Finally, traffic lights coordinating with fleets would
             | further reduce time to destination (hurry up and finish).
             | 
             | Self-driving vehicles give us the opportunity to rethink
             | almost all of our physical infrastructure and create way
             | more human-friendly cities.
             | 
             | [1]
             | http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/PrefaceHighCostFreeParking.pdf
             | 
             | [2] https://senseable.mit.edu/unparking/
        
               | xboxnolifes wrote:
               | > AVs, by virtue of being able to coordinate fleet-wide
               | and ability to park anywhere rather than only one's home
               | or destination, would be able to gain incredible
               | efficiencies relative to status quo.
               | 
               | > Atop those efficiencies, removing both the constraint
               | of having a driver and the constraint of excessive safety
               | systems to make up for human inattentiveness means AVs
               | can get drastically smaller as vehicles, further
               | improving road utilization (imagine lots of 1- and
               | 2-seaters zipping by). And roads themselves can become
               | narrower because there is less room for error with AVs
               | instead of humans.
               | 
               | The first part is mostly describing taxis, so the
               | incredible efficiencies relative to the status quo can be
               | loosely observed through them. Just subtract out wage and
               | a slight "technological scale" bonus, and you can
               | estimate what it would be.
               | 
               | The second part, I wonder. Cars already average under 2
               | occupants, with most just being the driver. If this is
               | what is was needed for significantly smaller cars, we
               | would already have them. Lack of smaller cars is _mostly_
               | a cultural issue, not a technical one.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | I don't agree with this novel environment argument about
         | routes. As a human, there are a limited number of roads that I
         | have driven on. A taxi driver drives better than me because
         | none of the routes are considered novel: the taxi driver has
         | likely driven on every road in a city in his/her career. The
         | self-driving machine has most definitely driven on every single
         | road in the city, perhaps first as testing with human backup,
         | then testing with no passengers, and finally passenger revenue
         | miles.
        
         | KoolKat23 wrote:
         | I think you underestimate how many novelties the car will
         | encounter on existing routes and how adept these cars are at
         | navigating novel routes.
         | 
         | I imagine this route data is an extra extra safeguard which
         | allows them to quantify/measure the risk to an extent and also
         | speed up journey's/reduce level of interventions.
        
         | ogogmad wrote:
         | > In safe driving failures are uncorrelated and safety
         | procedures generalise. We do not yet know if, say, using self-
         | driving very widely will lead to conditions in which "in a few
         | incidents" more people are killed in those incidents than were
         | ever hypothetically saved.
         | 
         | Can you provide some examples of what you mean?
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | I can imagine whole city areas well known closed to manual
         | drivers.
         | 
         | Sure I would love to read a book while car is driving me to
         | visit family in the countryside but practically I need city
         | transportation to work and back, to supermarkets and back where
         | I don't have to align to a bus schedule and have 2-3 step overs
         | but plan my trip 30 min in advance and have direct pick up and
         | drop off.
         | 
         | If that would be possible then I see value in not owning a car.
        
       | grakasja wrote:
       | This statistic could be misleading, because not all miles are
       | equally dangerous. Google is very careful about selecting where
       | it deploys and tests Waymo, preferring flat, safe, well-designed
       | areas. Routing is also closely monitored and I would imagine that
       | problematic roadways are avoided. The article says they compared
       | it to human accident rates "on the same roads" but doesn't
       | clarify their methodology for "same"ness. It also doesn't factor
       | in driver experience. A taxi driver who has memorized a
       | particular route is likely going to drive safer than a tourist
       | who has never gone on that same road before. Waymo may be safer
       | than the average driver on X road but that doesn't mean it will
       | have the same comparative performance if you drop it onto a
       | random road it has never driven before with no assistance from
       | human support staff.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | > preferring flat, safe, well-designed areas.
         | 
         | Like downtown San Francisco?
        
           | grakasja wrote:
           | It took them a long time to deploy there and required
           | extensive (human) preparatory work. I'm guessing that their
           | algorithm was fine-tuned for SF specifically, possibly being
           | taught to avoid certain roads and areas where possible, thus
           | behaving like a veteran local driver. Not clear how well that
           | scales globally, or if it would still drive much better than
           | an average human in a random new environment that it hasn't
           | been pre-trained for.
        
         | jrussino wrote:
         | > The article says they compared it to human accident rates "on
         | the same roads" but doesn't clarify their methodology for
         | "same"ness.
         | 
         | Reading your comment before the article, my first thought was
         | that "on the same roads" must mean literally the same roads -
         | right?
         | 
         | But the article actually says:
         | 
         | > Using human crash data, Waymo estimated that human drivers on
         | the same roads would get into 78 crashes
         | 
         | I agree that this is unclear. What data did they use, and why
         | did they have to _estimate_ at all? Shouldn 't they be able to
         | get the actual data for how many human drivers got into such
         | accidents on this same exact set of roads over this same exact
         | time period?
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | See https://waymo.com/safety/impact/#methodology
           | 
           | They compile human crash data from various sources (NHTSA,
           | state data). But they are at a city level, not specific
           | streets or areas. So they adjust the human benchmarks to be
           | more representative of the areas where Waymo operates.
        
         | floxy wrote:
         | Robotaxis might also make the human piloted accident rate go
         | down, if enough inebriated people take AVs instead of driving.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | If Waymo is systematically choosing safer routes, that sounds
         | like a good thing.
        
         | jyounker wrote:
         | They're going wherever customers in SF are ordering them to go.
         | I was in SF last month, and everywhere I went there Waymos
         | skulking around, even on little side-streets on top of hills.
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | False. Humans are driving in a much wider range range of weather,
       | road conditions, car conditions, passenger conditions, routes,
       | unknown destinations, etc.
        
         | murderfs wrote:
         | Something like a third of traffic fatalities are due to one of
         | the drivers being drunk.
        
       | floxy wrote:
       | OT, but does anyone know what the shape of the curve for the
       | number of automobile crashes per human driver? Is it uniform
       | distribution, where everyone is more or less likely to get into,
       | say, 1.2 fender-benders per lifetime? Or there is a cluster of
       | people who are much more likely to be involved in crashes? I
       | suppose automobile insurance companies would have this type of
       | information.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | I'm willing to bet it's the latter. There's a reason your
         | premiums go up after you get into an accident. Insurance
         | companies are betting that you are going to have more of them.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | It's more complicated than just "good drivers" and "bad
           | drivers". Your driving performance is very different on
           | minute 10 of a trip vs minute 600, or 11am vs 11pm, or happy
           | vs having a bad day. You're also very likely to be in very
           | different environments at all of these times, and have
           | different familiarities.
           | 
           | Insurance risk estimates are practical simplifications
           | instead of trying to model how risky an individual driver is
           | on a particular day at a particular time, in a particular
           | area. Waymo's results are trying to compare to a
           | statistically average driver with all other variables
           | controlled.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | It is very much the latter. It is like the statistics of
         | average alcohol consumption: half the people consume none, and
         | that one guy drinks non-stop. In fact, the drinking guy and the
         | crashing guy might be the same guy.
        
       | nickvec wrote:
       | Very excited for the future of AVs. So many lives will be saved
       | using this technology.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | The idea that everyone has their own "public transportation" (a
       | computer chauffeur) seems lacking in foresight.
       | 
       | I suspect, but don't know, that buses are safer still? (Not aware
       | of any airbags triggering, ha ha.)
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | > The idea that everyone has their own "public transportation"
         | (a computer chauffeur) seems lacking in foresight.
         | 
         | How so? As you increase the density of stops in a bus network
         | and increase the rate of arrivals, there will be fewer
         | passengers per bus, going on journeys that approach the fastest
         | they could be. Why look at the one thing that has a really good
         | chance of "fast, cheap and good" and say, "lack foresight?" My
         | dude, it's the only game in town!
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | I was initially skeptical about self-driving cars but I've been
       | won over by Waymo's careful and thoughtful approach using visual
       | cues, lidar, safety drivers and geo-fencing. That said I will
       | never trust my life to a Tesla robotaxi that uses visual cues
       | only and will drive into a wall painted to look like the road
       | ahead like Wile E. Coyote. Beep beep.
       | 
       | Man Tests If Tesla Autopilot Will Crash Into Wall Painted to Look
       | Like Road https://futurism.com/tesla-wall-autopilot
        
         | KoolKat23 wrote:
         | To be fair, I'm sure there's a few humans that would crash into
         | a giant painted road in the middle of a straight road in the
         | middle of nowhere. Humans crash due to less.
        
           | labrador wrote:
           | Well, I wouldn't and neither would a Waymo, but a Tesla did,
           | which means it's no better than a bad human driver
        
         | ggreer wrote:
         | Mark Rober's video is misleading. First, he used autopilot, not
         | FSD. Second, he sped up to 42mph and turned on autopilot a few
         | seconds before impact[1], but he edited the Youtube video to
         | make it look like he started autopilot a from a standstill far
         | away from the barrier. Third, there is an alert message on his
         | screen. It's too small to read in the video, but it could be
         | the "autopilot will not brake" alert that happens when you put
         | your foot on the gas.
         | 
         | In the water test, Rober has the Tesla driving down the center
         | of the road, straddling the double yellow line. Autopilot will
         | not do this, and the internal shots of the car crop out the
         | screen. He almost certainly manually drove the car through the
         | water and into the dummy.
         | 
         | One person tried to reproduce Rober's Wile E. Coyote test using
         | FSD. FSD v12 failed to stop, but FSD v13 detected the barrier
         | and stopped in time.[2]
         | 
         | Lidar would probably improve safety, but Rober's video doesn't
         | prove anything. He decided on an outcome before he made the
         | video.
         | 
         | 1. https://x.com/MarkRober/status/1901449395327094898
         | 
         | 2. https://x.com/alsetcenter/status/1902816452773810409
        
           | labrador wrote:
           | Tweets on X are not a reliable source of information. In
           | fact, Grok says when asked that Elon Musk is the biggest
           | spreader of misinformation on X
           | 
           | "Elon Musk's own AI chatbot has turned on him and says he's
           | spreading misinformation"
           | 
           | https://metro.co.uk/2025/03/18/elon-musks-ai-tool-says-
           | sprea...
        
             | ggreer wrote:
             | The first tweet I linked to is Mark Rober's unedited video
             | of the crash. The second tweet I linked to is a video of
             | someone trying to reproduce the Wile E. Coyote test. Unless
             | you think the videos are faked (one of which was posted
             | _by_ Mark Rober), I 'm not sure what objection you're
             | making.
        
               | labrador wrote:
               | My objection is Elon Musk and Tesla superfans will go to
               | great lengths to spin events in Musk and Tesla's favor
               | and X is their mouth piece. I looked at the replies under
               | Mark Rober's video and it's the typical flood of Musk and
               | Tesla super fans raging at him. Someone needs to explain
               | why Mark Rober would post a misleading test. He seems
               | like a solid guy. People I respect follow him, such as
               | Palmer Luckey, Leopold Aschenbrenner and Andrej Karpathy.
               | 
               | Let's get back to my main point, that Tesla's not having
               | Lidar is stupid and I don't trust a self-driving car that
               | can't adequately detect solid objects in it's environment
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Yeah, humans would crash less too if they had a Lidar that
       | stopped the car if a crash appeared imminent.
        
         | floxy wrote:
         | Looks like 52% of the time:
         | 
         | https://www.mitre.org/news-insights/news-release/parts-annou...
        
       | wnissen wrote:
       | Serious crash rates are a hockey stick pattern. 20% of the
       | drivers cause 80% of the crashes, to a rough approximation. For
       | the worst 20% of drivers, the Waymo is almost certainly better
       | already.
       | 
       | Honestly, at this point I am more interested in whether they can
       | operate their service profitably and affordably, because they are
       | clearly nailing the technical side.
       | 
       | For example data from a 100 driver study, see table 2.11, p. 29.
       | https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/37370 Roughly the same number
       | of drivers had 0 or 1 near-crashes as had 13-50+. One of the
       | drivers had 56 near crashes and 4 actual crashes in less than 20K
       | miles! So the average isn't that helpful here.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | I saw a transit enthusiast YouTube video try out Waymo from the
         | most distant part of the network to fisherman's wharf in SF and
         | it cost twice as much as an Uber while having a longer wait
         | time for a car.
         | 
         | It also couldn't operate on the highway so the transit time was
         | nearly double.
         | 
         | One shouldn't underestimate how economical real human operators
         | are. It's not like Uber drivers make a ton of money. Uber
         | drivers often have zero capital expense since they are driving
         | vehicles they already own. Waymo can't share the business
         | expense of their vehicles with their employees and have them
         | drive them home and to the grocery store.
         | 
         | I'm sure it'll improve but this tells me that Waymo's price per
         | vehicle including all the R&D expenses must be astronomical.
         | They are burning $2 billion a year at the current rate even
         | though they have revenue service.
         | 
         | Plus, they actually have a lot of human operators to correct
         | issues and talk to police and things like that. Last number I
         | found on that was over one person per vehicle but I'm not sure
         | if anyone knows for sure.
        
           | fossuser wrote:
           | The wait times have gotten better, they're getting freeway
           | approval shortly which will be nice, the price is still at a
           | premium (but worth it imo). I only take Waymo in SF now.
           | 
           | The only time I take Uber in the bay area is to the airport
           | (and when they approve Waymo for SFO I won't take Uber then
           | either).
        
             | BurritoAlPastor wrote:
             | I generally find that Waymos are _cheaper_ than Uber /Lyft
             | _including tip_.
             | 
             | I've also seen that, although Uber and Lyft peak times seem
             | correlated to each other, they seem uncorrelated to Waymo
             | peak activity. But this might be stabilizing as Waymo
             | ridership increases.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | Ah I guess I almost never tip uber (unless something
               | exceptional happens) - holdover from the Travis era.
        
           | orangecat wrote:
           | _I saw a transit enthusiast YouTube video try out Waymo from
           | the most distant part of the network to fisherman's wharf in
           | SF and it cost twice as much as an Uber, had a longer wait
           | time for a car, and cost about double._
           | 
           | That's literally an edge case. For shorter trips, I've found
           | it to be slightly cheaper (especially factoring in the lack
           | of tips) with maybe a slightly longer wait.
        
           | agildehaus wrote:
           | Both the longer wait time and the double price can likely be
           | explained by the lack of highway.
           | 
           | Highway is coming.
           | 
           | And scale will make it cheaper. It's only cheaper than Uber
           | sometimes currently. That will change.
        
           | VirusNewbie wrote:
           | In LA, wait times were the same as Uber and the price was the
           | same as well (for a nicer car some of the time).
        
           | whyenot wrote:
           | My experience using Waymos in SF is that they are a little
           | less expensive than an Uber. The other advantage is that you
           | aren't stuck with a driver who hits on you or wants to share
           | his opinions on the best way to slaughter goats.
        
           | jonathantf2 wrote:
           | Miles?
        
           | radpanda wrote:
           | Waymo rides are also potentially slower because they strictly
           | follow speed limits. Not really problematic in downtown SF
           | but it'll be interesting to see how it'll be received by
           | riders when they expand to highway driving where most people
           | generally expect to drive over the speed limit.
        
             | thot_experiment wrote:
             | On most trips people do speeding saves an irrelevant amount
             | of time. If somehow you encounter zero traffic from Palo
             | Alto to SF and you go 15mph over the limit the whole way it
             | makes the trip about 5 minutes shorter.
             | 
             | You have about 50% more KE at 80mph as you do at 65mph btw,
             | if you find yourself needing to dissipate that energy
             | rapidly.
        
               | radpanda wrote:
               | Sure, there's the math, but there's also the human nature
               | part of it. If you're sitting in the right lane doing the
               | speed limit, watching dozens of cars consistently zip
               | past, it _feels_ like you're "falling behind" all of that
               | traffic. I wonder how that will be received by the riding
               | public.
        
         | michaelmrose wrote:
         | What about the benefit to the 80% if the 20% were obligated to
         | use software instead of their own wetware in a hypothetical
         | world where this was feasible in all respects. Imagine if you
         | transitioned to most new drivers for instance being issued only
         | permits to use self driving vehicles and older drivers being
         | obligated to switch at 65.
        
         | nickvec wrote:
         | Interesting. Pareto principle in action.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle
        
       | ra7 wrote:
       | This article neatly summarizes Waymo's latest safety numbers, but
       | Waymo's site provides much more detail, including a full
       | breakdown of their comparison methodology:
       | https://waymo.com/safety/impact/
        
       | jedbrooke wrote:
       | purely anecdotal: one thing I've noticed is that Waymo's ALWAYS
       | use their turn signal. that's already gotta put them above a
       | large portion of human drivers in terms of safety ;)
        
       | dangus wrote:
       | You know what has even better safety statistics? Public transit
       | including buses and trains.
       | 
       | Cycling also has better statistics when the infrastructure is
       | given real attention, and it leads to better health outcomes.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | Those are all options that local governments should consider
         | investing in. Private companies that don't take public money
         | aren't the ones that should be building public transit.
         | 
         | Given that Waymo is testing in Tokyo now (and formerly Cruise),
         | autonomous vehicles are clearly not mutually exclusive with
         | well funded public transit.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | Worth repeating the same comment I've left on every variant of
       | this article for the last 10 years.
       | 
       | Being better than "average" is a laughably low bar for self-
       | driving cars. Average drivers include people who drive while
       | drunk and on drugs. It includes teenagers and those who otherwise
       | have very little experience on the road. It includes people who
       | are too old to be driving safely. It includes people who are
       | habitually speed and are reckless. It includes cars that are
       | mechanically faulty or otherwise cannot be driven safely. If you
       | compile accident statistics the vast majority will fall into one
       | of these categories.
       | 
       | For self driving to be widely adopted the bare minimum bar needs
       | to be - is it better than the average _sensible_ and
       | _experienced_ driver?
       | 
       | Otherwise if you replace all 80% of the good drivers with waymos
       | and the remaining 20% stay behind the wheel, accident rates are
       | going to go _up_ not down.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | What kind of dataset do we have to determine the subset of
         | accidents caused by _sensible_ and _experienced_ drivers?
         | 
         | I personally have doubts as to whether this dataset exists.
         | Whenever there's an accident, and one party is determined to be
         | at fault, would that party be automatically considered not to
         | be a sensible driver?
         | 
         | If we don't have such a dataset, perhaps it would be impossible
         | to measure self-driving vehicles against this benchmark?
        
         | floxy wrote:
         | Why wouldn't alcoholics and the elderly be early adopters of
         | self-driving vehicles. Or what can we do to encourage them to
         | be early adopters? You get a DUI, and you are forced to pay for
         | FSD? Get a reduce rate on booze taxes if you "drive" an AV?
         | Have to take a driving test every 2 years after you turn 75,
         | unless you have an AV?
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | "XYZ demographic should be forced to use self driving cars"
           | is a fantasy that the tech crowd continues to believe but
           | will never happen. Everyone is able to drive and will
           | continue to be able to drive. In fact you should assume that
           | the worse someone is at driving the more likely they are to
           | want to drive for themselves, because that's how the world
           | usually works.
        
             | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
             | Even in self-driving, Telsa's behavior proves there is a
             | market for cars that are programmed to speed and roll
             | through stop signs. Waymos are safer than the average
             | human, but the average human also intentionally chooses a
             | strategy that trades risk for speed. Indeed, Waymo trips on
             | average take about 2x as long as Ubers:
             | https://futurism.com/the-byte/waymo-expensive-slower-taxis
             | 
             | What happens if an upstart self-driving competitor promises
             | human-level ETAs? Is a speeding Waymo safer than a speeding
             | human?
        
             | senordevnyc wrote:
             | Over the next decade or two, insurance will solve a chunk
             | of this problem (it'll be way more expensive to drive
             | yourself), regulations will solve another chunk, but the
             | biggest thing that will solve it: we're lazy.
             | 
             | We might drive every now and then, but come on, do you
             | really think once this is ubiquitous and you can get in a
             | (or your) car and then play a video game, take a nap, text
             | on your phone, or doomscroll, that we're still going to
             | want to drive all the time?
             | 
             | Nah.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | There's no statistics for how much a sensible and experienced
         | driver crashes.
         | 
         | Sorting people by past behavior runs into survivorship bias
         | when looking back and people who stop being sensible going
         | forward. I'm personally a poor driver, but I don't drive much
         | so my statistics still look good.
        
           | IneffablePigeon wrote:
           | There's _no_ statistics? Surely those statistics are
           | precisely what all car insurance premiums are based upon.
           | They might be proprietary but I am certain such statistics
           | exist.
        
         | senordevnyc wrote:
         | This is already much better than average, enough that it's
         | going to take over. No one cares about car accidents in this
         | country enough to stop this, even if it was only slightly
         | better than average. For proof: Tesla.
         | 
         | Self-driving being the dominant form of driving is now a done
         | deal, thanks to Waymo (and probably Tesla, though that's a
         | policy failure imo), it's just a question of how long it takes.
         | 
         | My money is on a decade.
        
         | D-Coder wrote:
         | > Being better than "average" is a laughably low bar for self-
         | driving cars. Average drivers include people who drive while
         | drunk and on drugs. It includes teenagers and those who
         | otherwise have very little experience on the road. It includes
         | people who are too old to be driving safely. It includes people
         | who are habitually speed and are reckless... (etc)
         | 
         | But... that's the reality. If we replace human drivers with
         | self-driving cars at random, or specifically the bad drivers
         | above, then we've improved things.
         | 
         | We are not going to easily improve the average human driver.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | This is very cool if it's not the case of "lying with
       | statistics". I hope we will at some point see independent
       | research into these safety claims. I don't really think too
       | highly of my own driving skills, so I also hope that I live to
       | see the day when I can just let my own car drive itself on most
       | or all trips. And no, Tesla FSD ain't that, at least not yet - it
       | does help with long trips, but in difficult situations it
       | disengages at the worst possible moment. I want to tell the car
       | where to go, and then never touch the wheel until I'm there, day
       | or night, rain or sun.
        
       | xlbuttplug2 wrote:
       | Off topic, but I've always felt that the ideal way to address
       | safety is by limiting the amount of freedom a vehicle has, i.e.,
       | force it to follow a predefined path. That is, replace road lanes
       | with something like tram tracks. (I'm imagining vehicles being
       | two/four person pods zipping around.)
       | 
       | This would vastly reduce the number of accident scenarios, be
       | more efficient, and be much easier to automate. And would
       | probably be good enough for 99% of use cases (i.e., work
       | commute).
       | 
       | Obviously I don't seriously see anyone splurging on the
       | infrastructure and bespoke vehicles for that. But I can dream.
        
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