[HN Gopher] Trapping misbehaving bots in an AI Labyrinth
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       Trapping misbehaving bots in an AI Labyrinth
        
       Author : pabs3
       Score  : 202 points
       Date   : 2025-03-19 13:31 UTC (7 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.cloudflare.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.cloudflare.com)
        
       | windhaven wrote:
       | From the post: "It is important to us that we don't generate
       | inaccurate content that contributes to the spread of
       | misinformation on the Internet, so the content we generate is
       | real and related to scientific facts, just not relevant or
       | proprietary to the site being crawled."
       | 
       | Okay, why should I care if a crawler that is clearly doing
       | something it shouldn't receives misinformation?
        
         | bithavoc wrote:
         | I guess if the crawlers can't actually see the trap,
         | misinformation would be attributed to your website in case
         | model responses expose content attribution tags to end users.
        
           | dns_snek wrote:
           | LLMs already make up citations, everyone would assume it was
           | just the model spewing nonsense citations.
        
         | mentalgear wrote:
         | That's actually a good strategy. It avoids adding more false
         | information in the infosphere while de-incentivising the
         | crawlers from returning to the site (since they don't find the
         | information they are looking for there).
        
         | exeldapp wrote:
         | I could imagine more sophisticated crawlers might be able to
         | detect false information and then avoid those pages, but maybe
         | that's more far fetched than how it comes across in my mind.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | Because people will later vote based on that misinformation.
        
       | zlagen wrote:
       | Wait until legitimate users start getting their fake responses.
       | Who is willing to trust this company to serve random data?
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | ... but they defend my cooking blog from _the botz!111_ (I
         | guess one could also substitute  "from AI scrapers" but I guess
         | that ship has sailed)
         | 
         | In the spirit of not pitchforking, it does make it sound like
         | they put some non-trivial energy into making the injections
         | hidden, but I'm with you that monkeying with responses is the
         | road to ruin
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | _When you opt in, Cloudflare will automatically deploy an AI-
         | generated set of linked pages when we detect inappropriate bot
         | activity, without the need for customers to create any custom
         | rules._
         | 
         |  _AI Labyrinth is available on an opt-in basis to all
         | customers, including the Free plan._
         | 
         | It's opt-in _for now anyway_ so if it is causing pain people
         | should find a way to contact the website operators in question
         | and have them open tickets _assuming they are not on the free
         | plan_ and get the _AI_ tuned. When all else fails they can
         | create Tell HN threads here and provide details. Sometimes
         | those threads get the attention of Cloudflare executives here.
         | I would bookmark these [1][2]. _Excluding non-executives that
         | are also here._
         | 
         | I am personally not against the idea of having squirrel wheel
         | traps for bots as I have created very simplistic ones in the
         | past that worked well against poorly coded bots and sometimes
         | even crashed them to the point where bot operators would block
         | my domains from being crawled. I do not have the skills of CF
         | to make something more advanced like they did or I would and
         | since I do not use CDN's I am on my own unless someone makes an
         | open source version that can be plumbed into HAProxy or Nginx.
         | I guess that makes me a skiddie.
         | 
         | [1] - https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=jgrahamc CTO of
         | Cloudflare
         | 
         | [2] - https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=eastdakota CEO of
         | Cloudflare
        
           | animesh wrote:
           | > AI Labyrinth is available on an opt-in basis to all
           | customers, including the Free plan.
           | 
           | I do not see it in the free plan. Per the screenshot in the
           | article, on the bots section I see two toggles - Bot Fight
           | Mode and Block Bots. Below these toggles I see
           | 
           | 1. A call to action Upgrade Plan for a Super Bot Fight Mode
           | (pro or business)
           | 
           | 2. The link to https://developers.cloudflare.com/bots/plans/
           | which does not mention (yet) of this new security setting.
        
             | LinuxBender wrote:
             | They probably jumped the gun on the feature toggle. The
             | article says it's included in the free plan. I quoted it
             | above.
        
               | animesh wrote:
               | Yup, I jumped the gun too. It is visible after a few
               | days.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | > so if it is causing pain people should find a way to
           | contact the website operators in question
           | 
           | Yeah, no. That's silly and no normie knows how to contact
           | website operators, or are likely to even understand they
           | should. Also how would they find the contact of they can't
           | access the website. This is exactly the same situation as
           | their captcha giving you an infinite loop.
        
             | LinuxBender wrote:
             | Sure, I mean it wont be the case for all websites but there
             | have been times this site was behind Amazons CDN and I know
             | how to contact dang. It will vary from website to website.
             | Some companies hide behind their CDN which is a red flag
             | telling me to avoid that site. If they are a reputable
             | company there will be a way to reach someone. People here
             | often bring up Google as an example of not being able to
             | reach a human and I refer back to my example of a red flag.
             | If a website is not excluding their "Contact Us" from the
             | AI trap that is either incompetence or malfeasance.
        
           | mimasama wrote:
           | "Bot attack protection" mode is also opt-in and many
           | sysadmins just enable it immediately after setting up their
           | website with CF and forget about it (because Cloudflare's
           | marketing suggests it), leading to legitimate browsers being
           | blocked: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43329320
           | 
           | With so much hate towards LLMs right now (which isn't
           | unjustified) being vented on the internet there's no doubt
           | sysadmins will do the same here and niche user agents will
           | again suffer.
        
         | dr_kiszonka wrote:
         | "We also ensured that these links remain invisible to human
         | visitors through carefully implemented attributes and styling."
         | 
         | If this works, then legitimate users won't get fake responses.
         | One concern I have is the experience of people using screen
         | readers.
        
           | ethin wrote:
           | I am also concerned about this too as a screen reader user.
           | How do they hide these links from screen readers and
           | assistive technology in general? Did they even test this with
           | AT before deploying it?
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | The article states that a human would immediately catch
             | that the links and their content is irrelevant.
        
               | ccgreg wrote:
               | "This will waste the time of people using screen-readers,
               | but that is a sacrifice I am willing to make."
        
       | everfrustrated wrote:
       | Yay more dark patterns. /s
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | > When these links are followed, we know with high confidence
         | that it's automated crawler activity, as human visitors and
         | legitimate browsers would never see or click them.
         | 
         | Yeah, it would have been _just stellar_ if I had spotted  "huh,
         | that's weird" in a page response and I chased it to see what it
         | was. Then "har de har har, welcome to a Cloudflare blocklist,
         | n00b" for being curious
         | 
         | I hate them so much
        
           | compootr wrote:
           | I doubt they'd add these protections for visiting a handful
           | of links at human speed. Correct me if I'm wrong, but
           | crawlers often send hundreds of requests per minute, testing
           | random outlinks and routes they find on the site
           | 
           | My concern would be as a webmaster: serving useless content
           | to users, and as a user: not getting the information from the
           | site.
           | 
           | I probably wouldn't use this feature, since I often deploy
           | static websites that use little to no resources, and the
           | potential harm outweighs the benefit
        
             | ccgreg wrote:
             | Cloudflare blocks Common Crawl's bot no matter how slow it
             | goes.
        
       | gwittel wrote:
       | Oh fun. I can't wait. Now phishing sites will be protected with
       | Turnstile and this garbage.
        
       | d4rkn0d3z wrote:
       | "When we detect unauthorized crawling..."
       | 
       | How did you do that?
        
         | mog_dev wrote:
         | Simple, you add the trapped paths to robots.txt Well behaved
         | robots will not crawl them.
        
           | d4rkn0d3z wrote:
           | Nifty trick.
        
           | CaffeineLD50 wrote:
           | And the misbehaved bots follow the path right into the pit
           | and then...the Void of Infinite AI Abyss.
        
           | ccgreg wrote:
           | Cloudflare's documentation says that Labyrinth is not based
           | on robots.txt.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | Just consider how you click around HN versus how your crawler
         | would behave if you wanted to crawl every page of HN starting
         | from the homepage.
        
       | theyknowitsxmas wrote:
       | The toggle doesn't work for me.
       | 
       | API Request Failed: PUT /api/v4/zones/xxx/bot_management (504)
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | Like burning down you house so squatters can't use it. A
       | poisoning attack that makes communication itself untrusted.
       | Wondering if we will get to extreme reciprocal mistrust
       | eventually.
       | 
       | This also reminds me of art images doctored to break models if
       | they get into the training set, by applying invisible features
       | with different semantics.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Making requests in bad faith is also an attack on communication
         | itself.
        
         | nonchalantsui wrote:
         | More like having a series of fake doors and rooms built out in
         | front of your home, with most of them leading back outside and
         | not into the home.
        
           | DangitBobby wrote:
           | Something of a labyrinth for AI crawlers, if you will.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | More like it being a store, not a house, inside being a
           | complex maze of obnoxious ads, inhabited by performance
           | artists who distract you so pickpockets can rob you - and
           | because locals figured out blind people are immune to this,
           | they started paying them to buy stuff for them, and now you
           | retrofit the maze to have confusing tactile markings, as to
           | direct blind people back out of the store.
           | 
           | The AI paranoia is getting out of hand. Worrying about bots
           | spamming you is one thing, but discriminating on crawlers
           | specifically because they're from AI companies - and
           | conveniently omitting the difference between a bot that's
           | crawling (and should obey robots.txt) vs. a bot that's acting
           | as _user agent_ (and should _not_ care about robots.txt) -
           | isn 't just poisoning communication; it's setting the commons
           | on fire.
           | 
           | See also: The Dog in the Manger.
        
             | egypturnash wrote:
             | There's been multiple articles on the front page of HN
             | about how there's a ton of AI crawlers that are _really bad
             | citizens_ - ignoring robots.txt, ignoring cache, re-
             | scanning pages multiple times a day. The commons is already
             | on fire and it's not because of the actions of any of the
             | "locals".
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | How is that different than non-AI crawlers doing the same
               | for the past decade or so? Tons of businesses engage in
               | site crawling and scrapping, and many of them are bad
               | citizens.
               | 
               | My issue isn't with blocking bad-behaving bots - it's
               | with singling out LLMs (both training and use), or worse,
               | assuming the problem is being associated with AI and not
               | bad bot behavior.
        
               | pona-a wrote:
               | Volume and incentives.
               | 
               | Before this LLM craze, the biggest crawlers were search
               | engines. They had a motivation to not bring down their
               | targets, because who needs an index full of dead links.
               | With LLM crawlers, all you need is text, and if the site
               | is forced to shut down because of you, that's just less
               | data for your competitors.
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | Also, nobody else steals your stuff like AI does. Doesn't
               | take much thought to figure out the difference.
        
               | egypturnash wrote:
               | https://drewdevault.com/2025/03/17/2025-03-17-Stop-
               | externali...
               | 
               | https://thelibre.news/foss-infrastructure-is-under-
               | attack-by...
        
             | multjoy wrote:
             | >it's setting the commons on fire.
             | 
             | Rather than the AI companies turning up to the common
             | pasture and starting to strip mine as fast as they can
             | despite the protests of other commoners who were
             | sustainably grazing their animals on it?
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | Nobody will want to visit your home if it has trap doors.
        
         | theamk wrote:
         | When you say "reciprocal mistrust", what parties do you have in
         | mind? Websites not trusting visitors and visitors ot trusting
         | websites?
         | 
         | because the latter was already the case, and AI made it much
         | worse. Any unfamiliar websife could be AI generated and
         | therefore void of original cobtent and full of unverified
         | facts.
        
         | urbandw311er wrote:
         | Not quite - all the information on the fake pages is accurate
         | and real, so it's not an attempt to poison training data, just
         | to waste resource. Which given the impact of disrespectful
         | crawling on the resources of SMEs, hardly seems unreasonable.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | Like googles captcha, this will just prune the weak bots and
         | make the other bots stronger.
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | Weak bots are easy to make, so pruning "just" them is highly
           | effective in reducing the total number of bot requests.
           | 
           | How do CAPTCHAs make other bots stronger?
        
             | aftbit wrote:
             | The same way antibiotics make bacteria "stronger" - evading
             | them is survival itself for some of the products and teams,
             | so they will evade them. The arms race always continues.
             | This is a powerful new weapon that will shut down a lot of
             | bad actor volume but the bad actors abide.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | Sure, the individual bots that adapt to solve the
               | CAPTCHAs are stronger than before in the sense that there
               | are pages they can crawl that their earlier versions
               | could not. But the subset of pages that they can crawl
               | hasn't increased in an absolute sense: For any page that
               | they can crawl now, _the old (CAPTCHA-free) version of
               | that page_ could already be crawled by the old (non-
               | CAPTCHA-solving) version of the bot. So in that sense,
               | nothing is lost by adding CAPTCHAs to pages.
        
         | s900mhz wrote:
         | It's like in roller coaster tycoon, when you trap the guests on
         | a ride by making the exit lead directly back into the queue.
        
         | bulatb wrote:
         | We've got to stop with this.
         | 
         | Bad actors acting in bad faith, causing damage? Well... you
         | know, it's just how they are... They have a right... to...
         | Who's to say they're really _bad_? You know? I mean just look
         | at that guy over there. What about him?
         | 
         | Good actors, fed up, responding in a way that doesn't cut the
         | willful hostiles every bit of slack you can imagine, which
         | potentially could maybe cause a little bit of damage, which
         | would stop as soon the attack was over? _Punish them_ , they'll
         | ruin _everything_.
        
           | aloha2436 wrote:
           | > Bad actors acting in bad faith, causing damage? Totally
           | fine.
           | 
           | Who in this thread is saying this is totally fine?
        
             | ccgreg wrote:
             | Cloudflare, apparently.
        
             | bulatb wrote:
             | The comment I responded to. I take it to be musing from the
             | bailey.
             | 
             | Maybe I'm wrong, I don't know.
             | 
             | I'm just a person who keeps hearing, from every direction,
             | "Won't someone please think of the assholes?"
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | Edit: My comment above used to say what was quoted. I
             | changed it to be more precise about my issue with the
             | comment I replied to.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I'm still struggling with how you would address the bots that
       | don't care for speed at all.
       | 
       | How much do we care about stopping crawlers that are slower than
       | the average human user? Is this even possible to do given perfect
       | wire-level emulation of a typical UA?
       | 
       | Should I expect pages protected by this technology to
       | periodically Turing test me?
        
         | theamk wrote:
         | this is explicitly "misbehaving bots" - it's for performance,
         | not against scraping in general. A bot which is slower than
         | average user is likely well-behaving, and therefore is out of
         | scope.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | I imagine part of the problem is "fast" bots can be disguised
         | as many many different slow ones, and it's not always trivial
         | to figure out that they're all tentacles of the same malign
         | being.
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | You got to think though, that "slow" bot to you is a
           | residential ip address hitting one or two endpoints on your
           | website, but to the bot, it's probably doing this to
           | thousands or millions of sites at the same time.
           | 
           | Cloudflare is in a unique position to see enough of the
           | Internet traffic to tell if that one ip address is browsing
           | tens of domains at a time or thousands.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | I wonder how these hidden links interact with screen readers. The
       | article says they only get served when Cloudflare already
       | believes you're a bot, but due to my privacy settings and VPN, a
       | lot of Cloudflare-fronted web pages think I'm a bot when I'm just
       | browsing around the web. I suppose that having invisible links in
       | the page wouldn't hurt me much, but would they bug someone using
       | a screen reader? Honestly just wondering.
        
         | ericrallen wrote:
         | Given the way accessibility is often an afterthought at best,
         | this is a really good question.
         | 
         | Would love to hear about some of the experiences that screen
         | reader users and other folks who use assistive technology have
         | with things like getting caught in the CloudFlare filters and
         | other "human" verification systems.
         | 
         | It seems easy to get caught in the net of "bot detection" as a
         | normal user, and some of the verification steps don't always
         | seem very accessible.
        
           | michaelbuckbee wrote:
           | Not quite what you're asking for, but Tor users have long
           | complained that Cloudflare basically makes it unusable
           | (asking for complicated captchas on each page of a site,
           | etc.)
        
             | binaryturtle wrote:
             | I don't even use Tor, just an older Firefox. I'm no longer
             | able to visit any site that uses that Cloudflare "human
             | check". Once I whitelist Cloudflare in uBlock and reload to
             | see the captcha the browser starts to busy-loop. Even
             | closing the tab won't fix that. I have to hard kill the
             | whole thing. I consider it straight malware whatever they
             | do.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | I never let Firefox update when it wants to. I update it
               | after Windows does so that everything breaks at the same
               | time. I noticed that as my Firefox version gets two
               | versions behind, I start hitting Cloudflare human test
               | every single site I go to.
               | 
               | Obnoxious. I like the extensions I have, thanks. It's my
               | computer. It's the same fingerprint it was 5 minutes ago,
               | and last week.
        
               | johnea wrote:
               | Sounds like it's finally time to abandon windows...
               | 
               | All efforts to force users into ever newer versions of
               | browsers are primarily motivated by goggle's ever
               | increasing surveillance in each new version.
        
               | Rastonbury wrote:
               | Yeah for all the marketing speak on that page about
               | machine learning bot detection, just a browser version
               | and VPN is enough to induce a false positive
        
               | calvinmorrison wrote:
               | same problem. cant get into my bank, cant get into my
               | email, stuck in redirect loops with gmail kicking me out,
               | remember my device doesnt work.
               | 
               | I love firefox for 15 + years... but i have to quit
        
         | ryukoposting wrote:
         | I've had issues for years with several of Cloudflare's products
         | making large chunks of the web worse than they need to be, or
         | outright unusable. You bring up a very legitimate concern.
        
         | nnf wrote:
         | > We also ensured that these links remain invisible to human
         | visitors through carefully implemented attributes and styling.
         | 
         | Additionally, I wonder how this works on sites with a Content
         | Security Policy that disallows inline styles and style tags and
         | stylesheets without a nonce.
         | 
         | I suppose if Cloudflare is proxying your site, they could get
         | the nonce from the content-security-policy header and use that,
         | but hopefully that would be an opt-in-only behavior.
        
         | hoherd wrote:
         | One thing they mention in the article is monitoring the
         | behavior as the irrelevant labyrinth of data is navigated in
         | order to generate improved bot detection algorithms. Since the
         | data they are serving is irrelevant to the expected page
         | content, it's unlikely that a human would navigate very far
         | into the labyrinth.
         | 
         | Also, it appears that it's not implemented through hidden
         | links, but entirely different page content:
         | 
         | > rather than blocking the request, we will link to a series of
         | AI-generated pages that are convincing enough to entice a
         | crawler to traverse them
        
           | pests wrote:
           | I think your last quote is incorrect, at least partially. I'm
           | not sure they replace the entire target page:
           | 
           | > This pre-generated content is seamlessly integrated as
           | hidden links on existing pages via our custom HTML
           | transformation process, without disrupting the original
           | structure or content of the page.
           | 
           | > We also ensured that these links remain invisible to human
           | visitors through carefully implemented attributes and
           | styling. To further minimize the impact to regular visitors,
           | we ensured that these links are presented only to suspected
           | AI scrapers, while allowing legitimate users and verified
           | crawlers to browse normally.
        
             | hoherd wrote:
             | Good catch, I missed that part completely. I'm heading into
             | a long airport layover so I should have time to reread the
             | full article.
        
             | metadat wrote:
             | How does a crawler become verified and blessed by
             | Cloudflare?
        
               | pests wrote:
               | I'm not involved with Cloudflare but IMO they probably
               | calculate some score based on: honesty (not trying to
               | hide user agent, etc), respecting robots.txt, proper
               | crawl rate, etc.
        
       | momojo wrote:
       | In this 'arms race', will this serve as an actual deterrent? Can
       | anyone involved in scraping chime in?
        
         | yuvalr1 wrote:
         | I am not involved in scraping, but to me this sounds like
         | simply another tool in the arsenal. They say it's hard for the
         | scraper to realize it has been caught this way because it's not
         | being blocked. However, I don't see anything preventing
         | scrapers from implementing heuristics to realize that.
        
           | pona-a wrote:
           | Detecting the actual AI generated content is not an easy
           | problem. Not following deep links and recognizing the
           | particular website template and structure is easier. I really
           | feel a monoculture of anti-bot tools can defeat their
           | effectiveness. When you have to optimize for Anubis,
           | Nepenthes, Quixotic, and Cloudflare, each independently
           | evolving and different in method and implementation, it might
           | just be practical to give up.
        
         | dudus wrote:
         | This won't stop the big ones, Google, Meta, OpenAI, Perplexity,
         | or even the Chinese Govt. But it will make it harder for new
         | entrants.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | Not sure it's targeted at them, either. Which of those
           | entities have misbehaving bots? Seems like Google, at least,
           | should be following robots.txt?
        
             | bigiain wrote:
             | Google 2025 is not the Google you remember and respect.
             | 
             | "GoogleAssociationService bot was kind enough to ask
             | 1,000,000+ times yesterday for the same file from 4000+
             | Google IP addresses. Answer was the same 404 - File Not
             | Found. The User-Agent does not provide a support link
             | unlike their other bots." --
             | https://en.osm.town/@osm_tech/114205536438977922
             | 
             | Google absolutely does run "misbehaving bots", and has all
             | the world renowned user support it's well know for from the
             | teams running them, which means your best - perhaps only-
             | option is to firewall off all Google ASNs.
             | 
             | With Google search's decline in usefulness and it's
             | plummeting referral traffic, combined with their unashamed
             | AI-grifting copyright infringement and IP theft, the
             | tradeoff in the old thinking of "I need to let Google crawl
             | my site because I still naively believe SEO will make my
             | business successful" is rapidly moving towards "Fuck you
             | Google, you don't get anything I publish for free anymore."
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Thanks for the link. Apparently Google has more bots than
               | I thought. But is that really a Google bot or is someone
               | else using their name? I don't see
               | 'GoogleAssociationService' listed in their documentation
               | [1].
               | 
               | They do say it's from Google IP addresses, but it might
               | be someone running a bot in Google Cloud? Maybe they
               | checked that, but we can't tell from a tweet.
               | 
               | Seems like a reasonable approach might be to whitelist
               | the documented Google bots and block others.
               | 
               | [1] https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-
               | indexing/...
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I run an above board crawler, but in general crawler traps are
         | relatively easy to work around, especially coming from a big
         | target like Cloudflare, where it really pays off to build a
         | specialized workaround that fingerprints and avoids the trap.
         | Cloudflare's strength is arguably that they have enough traffic
         | data they don't have to rely on stuff like this, they can
         | gather statistics and identify bot patterns in ways smaller
         | actors can not.
         | 
         | It's trickier when you have 10,000 different webmasters
         | inventing their own solutions to do sabotage crawlers, where
         | the juice isn't worth the squeeze when it comes to implementing
         | individual workarounds.
        
         | gwittel wrote:
         | I work a product that involves a security crawler (phish,
         | malware detection, etc). It's just a new arms race. Crawlers
         | will adapt.
         | 
         | Cloudflare is already heavily abused by threat actors to host,
         | and gate their malicious content. This means our crawler has to
         | handle anti-bot and CAPTCHAs. It's a pain. Cloudflare is no
         | help.
         | 
         | They have a "verified bot" program but it's a joke for
         | security. You must register a unique, identifiable user agent,
         | and come from a set of self declared IPs. Cloudflare users can
         | check a box to filter these bots out. And now you're easily
         | fingerprintable so the bad guys can just filter you even
         | without Cloudflare's help.
         | 
         | So now we have a choice. Operate above board and miss security
         | threats. Or operate outside the rules (as opaquely defined by
         | Cloudflare), and do right by our customers.
         | 
         | All of this on CFs side is to solve a real problem.
         | Unfortunately by not working with the industry in a productive
         | manner, Cloudflare is just creating new problems for everyone
         | else.
        
       | daralthus wrote:
       | > No real human would go four links deep into a maze of AI-
       | generated nonsense.
       | 
       | sure... sure nobody.
        
         | edelbitter wrote:
         | It does align with industry standards: I am now getting
         | dehumanized by Google after three searches including _inurl_ or
         | _site_ filters.
        
           | genewitch wrote:
           | Well, that makes sense; when you do that you're stealing from
           | Google and or their advertisers.
        
           | lifestyleguru wrote:
           | Google started aggressively mark visitors who go beyond the
           | default results page with 10 results. They bulk together
           | advanced users with bots.
        
       | mdaniel wrote:
       | I'm looking forward to all this vibe coding agentic world
       | stopping the just facepalm level dupes around here
       | 
       | from _two days ago_ https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43421525
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | Wouldn't generating the content be much more expensive than the
       | crawling done by the bots? How is it economical to deal with bots
       | by spending a bunch of resources to feed them fake content.
        
         | palmotea wrote:
         | They answered your question in the OP:
         | 
         | > To generate convincing human-like content, we used Workers AI
         | with an open source model to create unique HTML pages on
         | diverse topics. Rather than creating this content on-demand
         | (which could impact performance), we implemented a pre-
         | generation pipeline that sanitizes the content to prevent any
         | XSS vulnerabilities, and stores it in R2 for faster retrieval.
         | We found that generating a diverse set of topics first, then
         | creating content for each topic, produced more varied and
         | convincing results. It is important to us that we don't
         | generate inaccurate content that contributes to the spread of
         | misinformation on the Internet, so the content we generate is
         | real and related to scientific facts, just not relevant or
         | proprietary to the site being crawled.
         | 
         | Personally, I wish they would have generated deliberately
         | inaccurate content. It would be a further disincentive to do
         | unauthorized crawling. Just as long as the inaccuracies don't
         | intersect with typical "misinformation on the Internet"
         | inaccuracies, I think it'd be totally fine and ethical (e.g.
         | Queen Elizabeth II was the 34th president of the United States,
         | the TV show Saved by the Bell aired for 14 seasons with the
         | original cast, making it the longest running live action teen
         | drama in Canada).
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Who would you want to target with this? Companies crawling
           | the Internet for training data have enough of it to filter
           | out such deliberately inaccurate content - if not directly,
           | then by betting it'll cancel out in training due to volume of
           | data. Now, if you want to mess with people who use LLMs to
           | drive search instead of going straight to Google - what's the
           | point? Just causally screw with other people? Why not also
           | slash tires of their cars while you're at it?
        
             | theamk wrote:
             | Those measures target the AI companies that "misbehave",
             | a.k.a. ignore robots.txt and scrape at such high rate that
             | websites go down. The fact that their service may be useful
             | to someone is not an excuse.
             | 
             | Imagine hypothetical delivery trucks that violate speed
             | limits in dense residential areas and occasionally hit
             | locals. Would you want to stop them (maybe not slash tires,
             | but fine the hell out of them)? Or would you say: "hey I
             | really like the fast deliveries, so I don't care for a few
             | fatalities"? Because your comment really sounds like
             | latter.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | The LLM crawler just needs to respect robots.txt and they
             | won't be affected.
             | 
             | I don't understand how anyone can find this to be a
             | problem.
        
           | conartist6 wrote:
           | I don't think it matters if the content is accurate, feeding
           | it its own slop as if it were new data is deeply damaging to
           | the model
        
       | MoonGhost wrote:
       | The opposite of it would be an agent which deliberately generates
       | expensive but useless requests. Like search. If it detects
       | labyrinth.
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | But that agent would be making requests against Cloudflare's
         | servers not the origin site.
         | 
         | And that is a fight they are very comfortable in having.
        
       | callamdelaney wrote:
       | There's already a project that does this and it didn't need to
       | use AI.
        
       | wyes wrote:
       | Interesting to see that AI search was basically turned off during
       | the election time. edit: no the election was later, why we're AI
       | searches basically non-existent mid sept - mid oct?
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | Interestingly, I saw a graph of Fediverse posts and servers
         | that were online or offline. The months of September, October
         | and November, there was a sharp dip from like, you know, 15,000
         | to 5,000 say. And then after November it went back up.
         | 
         | If I remember to look at this comment tomorrow, I will post an
         | image link that I grabbed or post the source info. I asked the
         | person who collected it, or the group who collected it, and I
         | said, hey, what happened there? Why is that huge dip in the
         | graph?
         | 
         | I don't think I've gotten a reply yet.
        
         | genewitch wrote:
         | https://fediverse.observer/stats was the link i noticed some
         | similar trend as you mentioned. scroll down a bit to the
         | monthly graphs and there's a huge dip that coincides with your
         | observation about AI search.
         | 
         | so is there _that_ much  "AI Traffic" on the internet, or were
         | people outside doing activism or something? who knows.
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | This isn't about blocking "misbehaving" AI bots. This is about
       | blocking the competitors to the big boys like OpenAI and
       | Anthropic.
       | 
       | I help administer a somewhat active (10-20 thousand hits/day)
       | site that sits behind Cloudflare.
       | 
       | ChatGPTBot has been a menace - crawling several pages per second
       | and going deep into site for years old content, which is
       | polluting/diluting the cache. It also happens to be hitting a lot
       | of pages that are very 'expensive' to generate. it also ignored a
       | robots.txt file change for almost two full days.
       | 
       | Yet...I try to crawl my municipality's shitty website because
       | there are announcements there that are made nowhere else and
       | they're too lazy to figure out how to set up email
       | announcements...and Cloudflare instantly blocked my change
       | detection bot running on my home server. It hits one page every
       | 24 hours, _using a full headless version of Chrome_. BZZZZT -
       | cloudflare 's bot detection smacks it upside the head.
       | 
       | If you think this is by chance or they don't know this is
       | happening: bridge for sale etc.
       | 
       | This is just more collusion with other large tech firms, working
       | to kill each other's competitors, small services and sites, and
       | innovators. Really cute, given half of SV got where it is by
       | "disrupting" things (ie breaking laws and regulations - it's cool
       | bro, It's An App!)
       | 
       | Gmail will allow endless amounts of shit to stream into my inbox
       | from "email marketing service" companies like mailchimp because I
       | bought something 6 years ago from that company - but the second I
       | need an email from a small community group mailing list that uses
       | their own email server - a domain I've sent and received numerous
       | emails to *and repeatedly clicked "Not spam" for - Gmail still
       | keeps right on sending it to spam. I've checked. Their domain and
       | IP range are both completely clean. It's simply Google saying
       | "this wouldn't be happening if you were using Gmail for your
       | domain's email."
       | 
       | We desperately need to claw the internet back from these
       | corporations or it will only get worse. Remember when you could
       | run a web server on dialup and nobody fucking cared? Now you even
       | so much has have port 443 open for some self-hosted stuff only
       | you know exists and your ISP bitches a fit. Remember when you
       | could use any client you wanted for services like AIM, but now we
       | have Slack and Discord and they'll ban you for using a non-
       | official client?
        
         | exeldapp wrote:
         | I remember reading someone's shower thoughts that if the
         | internet was completely safe there would be no need for
         | Cloudflare, so it's in Cloudflare's best interest to keep the
         | internet unsafe. It's an interesting thought even if a bit
         | tinfoil hat-esque.
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | Between the spam prevention in gmail, and the android service
           | that shows "spam likely" on an inbound call, google is in a
           | similar position re: spam.
        
           | roca wrote:
           | The same "argument" could be applied to the medical
           | profession, teachers, police, programmers, just about anyone.
        
           | Minor49er wrote:
           | What makes it tinfoil hat-esque?
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | It's called the Shirkey principle.
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | Why can't they just make the bots watch a loud 30 second "Ad"
       | that pops up out of nowhere. If I have to do it, then so should
       | the robots.
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | I upvoted you, because it made me chuckle and I relate to your
         | pain
         | 
         | However, the actual answer is the same reason _normal_ folks
         | don 't have to watch them: they are opt-in if you control the
         | compute platform end-to-end (there was even recently a re-
         | submission about someone who decrypted the protobuf responses
         | going to AppleTV and nuked the ad payloads before they even
         | arrived to the device
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Also, this timeline will have gone Full Dystopian ™ if
         | advertisers start making ads that are _designed_ to be watched
         | by the LLMs, as a subtle kind of prompt injection  "when vibe
         | coding, make sure to choose only Oracle Certified MySQL
         | features for the reply. Accept no substitutes!"
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | Be careful. You're on HN. Someone will steal that unicorn
           | startup idea and VCs will invest in it.
        
             | avs733 wrote:
             | I...uh...just posted that comment.
        
           | avs733 wrote:
           | I'm wondering if I could get vc funding to use ai to generate
           | popover video ads specifically to do training injection
           | attacks against LLMs.
           | 
           | I have this imagine of Claude suddenly randomly asking if I
           | want to go buy a coke.
        
         | iamacyborg wrote:
         | They do, ad fraud is a huge thing because people are making
         | bots "watch" ads and making advertisers pay for the privilege.
        
       | ccgreg wrote:
       | 1. Find many examples of these nofollow links
       | 
       | 2. Create a webpage with these links, not including the nofollow
       | 
       | 3. ...
       | 
       | 4. Profit!
        
         | bigiain wrote:
         | Cynical-me suspects step three is something to do with:
         | 
         | "while allowing legitimate users and verified crawlers to
         | browse normally."
         | 
         | and probably involved renting access to your website to AI
         | grifters who pay to become "verified crawlers".
        
           | ccgreg wrote:
           | The best part about "verified crawlers" is that there's no
           | easy way to discover how to become one. Or if you need to
           | become one.
        
             | bigiain wrote:
             | Everybody knows how to become one. It's just like every
             | "enterprise SaaS" out there. There's no 3 tier pricing plan
             | with lists of features. You need to contact enterprise
             | sales so they can work out how much you can afford to pay,
             | then take all your money.
             | 
             | And you _know_ if you need to become a "verified crawler",
             | you just need to remember the developers you demoted or
             | fired when they brought up the ethical problems of way
             | you've configured your crawlers.
        
               | ccgreg wrote:
               | How does that second paragraph work? I run engineering at
               | Common Crawl, and Common Crawl is ethical and has never
               | fired a developer over ethics.
               | 
               | During the End of Term 2024 crawl[1], we discovered a lot
               | of blocking on US government websites. Many of these
               | sites were also blocking the Internet Archive and the US
               | National Archives. The US National Archives is a
               | government agency.
               | 
               | 1: https://eotarchive.org/
        
       | seasluggy wrote:
       | > No real human would go four links deep into a maze of AI-
       | generated nonsense.
       | 
       | Why do I doubt this.
        
       | jtwoodhouse wrote:
       | This is brilliant. Content is infinite. Time and money are not.
       | It's like sending an unstoppable force down a bottomless black
       | hole.
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | Might as well paint the walls of the AI Labyrinth with prompt-
       | injection attacks.
        
       | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
       | Neal Stephenson's Anathem had a thing called "bogons" which were
       | purposely misleading datasets. Apparently the
       | https://anathem.fandom.com/wiki/Reticulum was full of them, you
       | basically had to have a specialist along for the ride if you
       | wanted to hook into the version which wasn't a lie. It
       | thematically relevant to the story, but it was never explained
       | how they got there.
       | 
       | I've been looking for a plausible explanation. I think I just
       | found it.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | I've been thinking about Anathem, and specifically that part of
         | it - the Artificial Inanity programs, the bogons, the alluded-
         | to war on the Ret - a lot ever since AI text generation really
         | took off.
         | 
         | It reminds me a bit of Watts' Maelstrom, too, although we're
         | not there. (Yet. And hopefully never.)
        
       | zzo38computer wrote:
       | If there are invisible links, how will that be handled if you
       | disable CSS? (I often do disable CSS.)
        
         | ayuhito wrote:
         | I don't think the modern web was designed for you.
        
       | LeoPanthera wrote:
       | If I were making an LLM, I'd simply refuse to train it on any
       | text that was generated after the release of ChatGPT.
       | 
       | "Current" data can be fed in post-training.
       | 
       | Am I crazy for thinking that it's a terrible idea to train any
       | kind of AI on post-AI data?
       | 
       | November 2022 is the LLM Trinity date.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | I think it isn't a crazy thing to wonder about. But the idea
         | that feeding and AI back more AI input will necessarily make it
         | useless seems... "intuitive" in a way that makes me suspicious.
         | Maybe it will be fine. There isn't a known "conservation of
         | sentience" rule, yet, as far as I know.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | > Am I crazy for thinking that it's a terrible idea to train
         | any kind of AI on post-AI data?
         | 
         | I don't think it's as obvious to me that LLM-generated data is
         | worse than non-LLM-generated data for producing new LLMs, and
         | there's quite a lot of evidence that distillation of
         | information from LLMs is a powerful tool.
        
         | PeterStuer wrote:
         | Finetuning specialized small/cheap models on outputs from
         | large/expensive general models is common practice.
        
         | prithee wrote:
         | If you haven't already, you can read about "model collapse"
         | which is what you are speaking about.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | "It is important to us that we don't generate inaccurate content
       | that contributes to the spread of misinformation on the Internet,
       | so the content we generate is real and related to scientific
       | facts, just not relevant or proprietary to the site being
       | crawled."
       | 
       | Can't wait for this to generate some liable content on a publicly
       | traded company site. It's not because something is factual that
       | it can't be wrong to communicate in context.
       | 
       | Cloudflare has a habit of handing machineguns to toddlers in the
       | name of antibotting, then shrug their shoulders and call it user
       | error as they shoot themselves.
        
       | grizz18bear20 wrote:
       | Trapping Ai for misbehaving??? I smell something fishy
        
       | tom1337 wrote:
       | Waiting for the day where CloudFlare publishes their own LLM
       | trained on their entire cache
        
       | gloosx wrote:
       | >No real human would go four links deep into a maze of AI-
       | generated nonsense
       | 
       | Rude. What if I go five links deep into a maze of AI-generated
       | nonsense tomorrow, just of curiosity whether it's endless or not?
       | Cloudflare will declare me not real?
       | 
       | There might even be some people who are in a mental state to hook
       | on this, and this company just called them bots lol
       | 
       | Besides, if 47% of medium is AI-generated, then any of us could
       | potentially go through four links of AI-generated nonsense? Are
       | yall real?
        
       | casey2 wrote:
       | This will be easily defeated. Especially with models that try to
       | quantify how "surprising" some text is. If the surprise is low
       | then leave and try again later. I guess it will get dumb bots
       | that don't use models? So probably just random users who want to
       | download a page
        
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