[HN Gopher] If you get the chance, always run more extra network...
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       If you get the chance, always run more extra network fiber cabling
        
       Author : hggh
       Score  : 110 points
       Date   : 2025-03-25 13:40 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (utcc.utoronto.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (utcc.utoronto.ca)
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | > Some of the time this fiber failure is (probably) because a
       | raccoon got into your machine room
       | 
       | Or into your handhole/vault, along with her babies:
       | 
       | https://old.reddit.com/r/FiberOptics/comments/1ji3rrt/its_no...
        
       | jonhohle wrote:
       | As the article says, this is true for just about any cabling,
       | copper, power, etc.
       | 
       | I've done cabling in two houses and I've never had too much. I'm
       | always finding reasons to run more to new places.
        
       | msarrel wrote:
       | Yup, always run extra everything. At least you can splice fiber
       | now. And be careful of the minimum bend radius.
       | 
       | Once, in the 90s, we were having intermittent network failures in
       | our data center. I kept trying to troubleshoot it with the fluke,
       | but the problem kept moving. When I pulled up the raised floor, I
       | discovered that rats were eating the exterior sheath of the
       | network cables. That was some fun troubleshooting!
        
         | cyptus wrote:
         | _minimum_ bend?
        
           | zygentoma wrote:
           | minimum bend _radius_
           | 
           | A straight cable has an infinite radius, the more bend the
           | smaller the radius
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Though if it is on or under the surface of the earth,
             | "straight" will be a bend radius of around 6,370km. We
             | don't make a lot of buildings that deal with this but
             | transcontinental or transoceanic cables certainly do. If
             | someone designed a fiber that required absolutely no bend
             | in order to work you'd have to use it in buildings or dig
             | much deeper holes.
             | 
             | There was an encoding mechanism proposed about 10-15 years
             | ago that used spirally polarized light to carry more
             | channels, but it required the surface of the fiber to be
             | polished to a much higher degree than existing cables in
             | order for the light to go around bends properly.
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | If you're using the planet as your "flat surface" then
               | sure. If, however, you're willing to deal with exiting
               | the atmosphere at each end, you can use Real
               | Straightness. But I don't know anyone running a single
               | segment for that distance.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I'm sure there are some microwave antennas still out
               | there doing the Lord's Work. At least in the Plains
               | states where hills are low and putting antennas on two of
               | them gives you some extra distance. How far do microwaves
               | bend over the horizon?
        
               | aaronax wrote:
               | Don't they generally do the opposite of bend over the
               | horizon? Two towers that are observed (visible wavelength
               | = tiny Fresnel zone) to have line-of-site can easily be
               | obstructed (microwave = huge Fresnel zone).
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone
        
               | tejtm wrote:
               | > How far do microwaves bend over the horizon?
               | 
               | that depends on the weather and frequency among other
               | things
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-of-sight_propagation
        
               | connicpu wrote:
               | If you're going out of the atmosphere may as well skip
               | the fiber and just point lasers through the vacuum of
               | space directly and reap the benefits of the faster speed
               | of light through a vacuum vs glass!
        
               | scarby2 wrote:
               | works great until a group of space bats get in the way.
        
           | Etheryte wrote:
           | Minimum bend radius.
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | It's usually 20x the outer diameter of the cable for fiber, a
           | cable with a .3 inch OD has a 6 inch minimum bend radius.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Fibers can be bent to a radius of an inch or so, that's the
           | tolerated minimum bend radius.
           | 
           | I guess you could call it "the maximum sharpness tangency" or
           | something like that, but that's not the standard verbiage.
        
         | _JamesA_ wrote:
         | Have fusion splicers come down in price? Can you recommend any?
        
           | Faaak wrote:
           | You can have them second hand for ~500EUR on ebay
        
             | tonetegeatinst wrote:
             | Any advice on making sure you get a good splicer?
             | 
             | I know a little about fiber connectors, and the different
             | connector modules for speed, but I am not really sure what
             | I need for a splicer for fiber.
        
           | mmastrac wrote:
           | AliExpress sells some basic ones from $300-700 CAD ($200-500
           | USD) with reasonable reviews.
           | 
           | Whatever you do, don't try using the razor-style "hand
           | splicers" and adhesive splice kits. Without a splicer that
           | has a scope, you're just making bets each time that are
           | difficult to test.
           | 
           | I've learned the hard way that it's just not worth it unless
           | you can _see_ what you're working on.
        
           | tw_wankette wrote:
           | For Multimode, they now make splices where you jam the two
           | cleaved ends into the splice. It costs about $5 per splice.
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | Your typical Rodent Accelerated Transmission Signal And System
         | Suppression
        
         | liotier wrote:
         | > Yup, always run extra everything
         | 
         | Cables ain't free, duct capacity is finite and duct rental from
         | the local incumbent is costly too... Please calculate the
         | financial optimum of pay now vs. pay later - taking into
         | account growth, various forms of attrition, cost of capital,
         | opportunity costs and appetite for risk. Or everyone would be
         | running 1152 strands cables everywhere.
         | 
         | But then I see that from a telco perspective and, now that I've
         | read the article, it seems to be from a small-scale hosting
         | perspective - entirely different economics.
        
           | dwattttt wrote:
           | Or, take the money you would spend calculating that, and
           | that's the amount you spend for your margin.
        
           | terribleperson wrote:
           | Duct capacity is finite, but fiber cables are tiny and they
           | are very nearly free compared to the cost of having them run.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | And while some people preach hard-wired everything I'd
           | probably increasingly not bother at home. . I'll have to see
           | how much networking and audio stuff I even do given a kitchen
           | fire with s
        
       | yetihehe wrote:
       | I left one small room in my new home without network cabling,
       | finished just before covid. Guess where my home office ended up
       | being located...
        
         | thefz wrote:
         | https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2020-08-09-fiber-link-ho...
        
       | aftbit wrote:
       | Regarding single mode vs multi-mode ... other than cost, is there
       | any reason at all to run multi-mode fiber in 2025? I was under
       | the impression that single mode was better in basically every
       | way.
        
         | fleventynine wrote:
         | Multi-mode transceivers used to be a lot cheaper than single
         | mode, but now they're around the same price for short
         | distances. From what I can tell, most datacenters appear to be
         | making the switch to single mode even for in-room networking.
        
           | FredFS456 wrote:
           | Multimode transceivers are still a slight bit cheaper ($30
           | for 10GBASE-LR vs $22 for 10GBASE-SR on fs.com) but that's
           | more than offset by the single mode fiber being slightly
           | cheaper, even for short distances.
        
             | fleventynine wrote:
             | Apples to oranges. SR is for short runs inside a building.
             | LR is for sending signals across a city.
             | 
             | For short runs inside a building, the transceiver prices
             | are much more comparable. Compare
             | https://www.fs.com/products/251819.html?now_cid=4089 to
             | https://www.fs.com/products/282973.html?now_cid=4089
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | SR is for when you accidentally installed MMF really.
               | 
               | Except, no, you can run (single lambda, not muxed) LR
               | transceivers on MMF, it's out if spec but you actually
               | get around +20% range before hitting dispersion limits.
               | 
               | I'll also note SR ranges are not in fact long enough for
               | larger buildings. And this gets worse with higher speeds,
               | since modal dispersion is a bandwidth problem, not
               | attenuation.
               | 
               | Also, using 800G for comparison is a bit ludicrous ;).
               | 10G is bread&butter, 25G/100G is mainline. (40G is the
               | shunned weirdo uncle.)
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Why does multi mode sound like it should carry more bandwidth
           | but from context seems to be the less interesting option?
        
             | damnitpeter wrote:
             | Mode is simply the wavepattern of the light traveling
             | through the optical fiber. Multimode means there are a few
             | different wavepatterns traveling down the fiber, they tend
             | to potentially interfere and its not as efficient of a use
             | of optical power. In singlemode, this is a lot harder to do
             | and requires better optics, the light is in one pattern,
             | power is efficiently allocated to that pattern, and thus
             | the light can be sent much further. Its been many years
             | since college so hopefully that explanation suffices.
             | 
             | Now lets say you want to send multiple signals to get more
             | bandwidth on one fiber, you just need to move the
             | frequency/wavelength of light so different signals have
             | different wavelengths and can be discerned at the receiving
             | end. That's gonna take even more optics and filters on both
             | ends, but works quite well to add more bandwidth to
             | existing fiber installations where running more fiber would
             | cost a lot more than installing new equipment on the ends.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | It's DAC in rack and then fiber or copper between spine and
           | leaf (depends on distance, etc).
        
         | thefz wrote:
         | Cost, and marginally, heat of the transceivers.
        
         | DanAtC wrote:
         | No. Just run single mode.
        
       | timzaman wrote:
       | 1. High-level, the post is all wrong. The point should be that
       | you _always need to make sure you can pull new cable_. The poster
       | illustrates this: single mode, multi mode, non-fiber, etc, etc.
       | And if one  "goes bad", you still can't run a _new_ one, unless
       | you have a pullstring.
       | 
       | 2. The post cannot apply to fast/large networks - will be
       | prohibitively expensive.
       | 
       | 3. If running a few at home, I suggest to run MTP/MPO. It's
       | basically a structured cable that can have around 12 fibers in
       | them, plenty of future expansion.
       | 
       | Though I'll always run a large awg >>cat6 everywhere so it
       | supports PoE++
        
         | bananapub wrote:
         | what a bizarre reply.
         | 
         | the author is a sysadmin, who can definitely change what is
         | plugged in to the switches their employer has chosen to buy,
         | but doesn't have the power to make physical changes between
         | multiple buildings, easily authorise opex spending on cable
         | pullers or retrain as a cable puller.
         | 
         | please actually consider what you're replying to before pushing
         | the REPLY button.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Pull strings don't give you a way to pull new cables. They give
         | you a backup way to pull new cables. Every cable in a conduit
         | can be used to pull its own replacement or 2. But if anything
         | goes wrong, you have a second chance before you have to go find
         | the fishing rod.
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | > 2. The post cannot apply to fast/large networks - will be
         | prohibitively expensive.
         | 
         | The expensive parts of fast/large networks are not the fiber
         | strands.
         | 
         | * right of use / lease
         | 
         | * trenching and laying and covering
         | 
         | * amplifiers on long lines
         | 
         | * repair/maintenance
         | 
         | * endpoints
         | 
         | ... which is why the first thing you upgrade are the endpoints,
         | and the last you do is lay more fiber. Get the most you can
         | afford (often physically) at the beginning.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > And if one "goes bad", you still can't run a new one, unless
         | you have a pullstring.
         | 
         | The one that went bad _is_ the pullstring.
        
           | avidiax wrote:
           | > The one that went bad is the pullstring.
           | 
           | That works for short runs, but for long runs, the only way to
           | pull the cable without breaking it is to use wire pulling
           | lubricant.
           | 
           | And there's no guarantee that the cable you are pulling is
           | undamaged. Rats don't improve pull strength, and even an
           | electrically good cable can have the tensile strength cord
           | severed.
           | 
           | If you are in that situation, pulling the old cable with
           | dried lube on it may snap it in two, especially if it's
           | pulling the new strand.
           | 
           | That's why leaving a pulling tape in each conduit is a good
           | idea.
        
         | liotier wrote:
         | > 2. The post cannot apply to fast/large networks - will be
         | prohibitively expensive.
         | 
         | Yes, it is obviously about small-scale sysadmin cabling. Telco
         | networks have wildly different economics.
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | Originally thought this was excessive, but at least 4 per
       | outlet/room. Saves buying a bunch of smaller switches.
       | 
       | 1 for a switch (Although VLans can help) 1 for telephony if
       | required 1 for media devices / peripherals 1 extra
       | 
       | Optional fun use of HDMI over ethernet for more runs.
       | 
       | Behind TVs, you can break it down, or just run a bunch of runs.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I routinely wish someone had designed a power outlet shaped
         | switch that runs on POE.
         | 
         | But some brands would run too hot for an enclosed space and a
         | Netgear one would burn your fucking house down.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | I've seen some 'in-wall' access points that might be kind of
           | what you're looking for. Designed for hotels, etc, they have
           | an ethernet port on the back with poe-in, and usually two
           | ethernet ports on the front, and also do wifi.
           | 
           | I have no experience with them, though.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | There are modular jacks that can expose 6 or 8 different
             | connectors on one outlet. I just figured the hotel ones
             | were a slightly more sophisticated version of that.
        
           | lotharrr wrote:
           | I've been pretty happy with Unifi's "In-Wall" AP (e.g.
           | https://store.ui.com/us/en/category/wifi-
           | wall/products/u6-iw): PoE powered, has four downstream RJ45
           | ports (one with PoE itself), and is a side-firing WiFi AP as
           | well. Like the sibling comment said, they're made for hotel
           | rooms, but I've never been in a hotel fancy enough to use
           | them (possibly because the RJ45 sockets aren't particularly
           | discoverable, being on the bottom). It doesn't live in a
           | power outlet, but it's meant to be mounted at the same
           | height. Worked great for my home office. (I'm not associated
           | with Unifi, just happy with their gear)
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Yeah surface mounts aren't bad. Combined switch and Wifi is
             | good.
             | 
             | Seems like for discoverability you'd have to mount it
             | backward or upside down somewhere so that people can see
             | the ports, and then what about the wifi signal? I see what
             | you mean.
        
       | bhouston wrote:
       | Yeah, we got a new house built 4 years ago and one of the biggest
       | regrets is not enough ethernet outlets (running fibre in the
       | house isn't practical yet) and power outlets in various places.
       | It is really hard to think of all the places you would want them
       | ahead of time unfortunately and as each has a cost you don't want
       | to incur it unnecessarily.
       | 
       | But my biggest regrets were:
       | 
       | - Only a single ethernet port in the basement. Then the kid
       | wanted a gaming station and we moved where the TV was. I should
       | have put like 4 down there.
       | 
       | - No ethernet ports in the garage, I should have put in one for
       | an AP.
       | 
       | - 4 ceiling APs instead of just two in the main part of the
       | house. I over-estimated how much coverage I would get from
       | ceiling APs and thus I have some APs hidden under furniture to
       | ensure 100% house coverage.
       | 
       | - Lack of multiple circuits in the garage, even better a separate
       | sub-panel with 6 outlets. I took up wood working and with a
       | single circuit and 2 outlets was insufficient. That cost me $1200
       | for the sub-panel.
       | 
       | - Multiple outlets on the back and side of the house - I would
       | have done two at the front on each side and two at the back on
       | side each and one on each side of the house. I have a single
       | outlet at the front and back and that is just not sufficient for
       | lights, decorations and patio devices.
        
         | jmacd wrote:
         | Wow, we recently built a house and this reads just like my
         | regret list!
         | 
         | I think because there are less code specifications for the
         | garage, builders just don't bother.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > Only a single ethernet port in the basement. Then the kid
         | wanted a gaming station and we moved where the TV was. I should
         | have put like 4 down there.
         | 
         | Is it so bad to put in a switch?
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | It does sort of suck because I have cabling running along the
           | baseboards. Also I have 10G networking so the switches are
           | costly and hot at least this generation.
        
             | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
             | How would multiple runs have helped you with that problem?
             | Either they're all in the same spot, and a switch would
             | solve it, or they're on all different walls and you'd still
             | likely have to run cables to the things.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | That's why pretty much every office space/building over here
         | has cable trunking/channels on the walls instead of fixed
         | wiring, eg:
         | 
         | https://www.elba.si/izdelki/parapetni-kanali/
         | 
         | https://www.obo.si/izdelki/izdelkiinstalacije-v-zgradbah/bis...
         | 
         | Need one more outlet? Remove the plastic cover, insert cable,
         | insert outlet, cut the plastic cover to make space for outlet,
         | and you're done.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | That would be fine in the garage, but few people would want
           | this anywhere else in their home.
           | 
           | There's a wood effect version, but I suspect it would make a
           | home look like a 1980s office:
           | https://homemaster.techinfus.com/en/kabel-kanaly-vidy-i-
           | razm...
        
         | david422 wrote:
         | > Only a single ethernet port in the basement. Then the kid
         | wanted a gaming station and we moved where the TV was. I should
         | have put like 4 down there.
         | 
         | Just drop a switch down there.
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | I have, but now I have cable running along the base boards.
           | That isn't optimal. Also I have 10G networking, so the
           | ethernet switches are hot and expensive.
        
             | zdp7 wrote:
             | You don't need an expensive switch. Five port 2.5G + SFP+
             | with poe can be pretty affordable and shouldn't run very
             | hot.
        
               | bhouston wrote:
               | That downgrades transfer speeds though to just 2.5G.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | Which is fine? It's getting capped to 3 at your modem
               | anyways... And the difference here is reaching the
               | "doesn't matter" phase.
               | 
               | Like - 50GB at 3gbps is ~130 seconds, ~160 seconds at
               | 2.5gbps, and ~400 seconds at 1gbps
               | 
               | You're always waiting at least a couple minutes, and
               | never more than 10 for that download.
               | 
               | Personally - I have a couple 10gbps switches that run my
               | backbone in my house (NAS, k8s cluster, HomeAssistant,
               | etc) and I have a 2gbps symmetric wan, but all of the
               | offices (my wife and I both work from home, plus the
               | media room, plus the kid's playroom) all just run 1gbps
               | switches.
               | 
               | They're cheap, normal office work basically never
               | saturates those speeds (even multiple conference calls
               | with video is a-ok), and there's just not enough value in
               | bumping up to 10gbps across the whole house compared to
               | the equipment cost.
               | 
               | The 10gbps switches live in the basement and just connect
               | those zones.
        
               | bhouston wrote:
               | You are completely right that I can always just wait. I
               | prefer not to though... there are a lot of times when it
               | is amazing to have 10G between my main machines.
        
             | npodbielski wrote:
             | I was thinking about this and it is very expensive. And do
             | I need 10G really? I do not think so. I did calculated few
             | things when I was thinking about 10G and most probably I
             | will not saturate 1G for few years. And with phones ans
             | laptops mostly WiFi is used anyways.
             | 
             | So can I ask you what is the advantage for using 10G
             | equipment in your case? Even something really dull like
             | network card costs around 100EUR.
        
               | bhouston wrote:
               | 10G is awesome for (1) downloading steam games - many are
               | +50GB these days, (2) downloading Ollama models, (3)
               | downloading ISOs, (4) downloading app/OS updates and (5)
               | I have a NAS also on the 10G network for media backups.
               | 
               | I have symmetric 3Gbps fibre to the home via Bell Canada
               | and it reports 4.5Gbps via fast.com.
        
               | hnuser123456 wrote:
               | If I get this new job I'm definitely upgrading everything
               | to 10G.
               | 
               | My PCIe5 SSD can do 14 GB/s, or about 112 gbit/sec.
               | 
               | Did some research. 10gbe cards are about $30, 100gbe
               | qsfp28 cards are about $300, 100gbit 100m transciever
               | about $100.
        
           | bloomingeek wrote:
           | Friendly reminder: newer modem, router (especially for
           | wireless), cat cable and fast speed switches really make a
           | difference. I had the fastest speed my ISP could provide, but
           | then discovered I needed to upgrade some of my equipment. It
           | made all the difference in the world, especially cat 6e
           | cable.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | > Only a single ethernet port in the basement. Then the kid
         | wanted a gaming station and we moved where the TV was. I should
         | have put like 4 down there.
         | 
         | https://store.ui.com/us/en/category/all-switching/products/u...
         | 
         | Unless you meant with regards to routing the cables throughout
         | the space, like now it's on the opposite wall from the port.
         | 
         | I've definitely shoved cables under baseboards, but you can
         | also pull them off and the run the cable in the wall behind
         | them. You don't even need to patch the drywall then. You can
         | also get baseboards (that look nice in a home) then double as
         | cable runs.
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | > You can also get baseboards (that look nice in a home) then
           | double as cable runs.
           | 
           | Interesting. That would be great in the basement. I will look
           | into it.
        
             | hobs wrote:
             | Dont forget Powerline adapters - if you have it all on one
             | loop they are surprisingly effective if you have extra
             | power sockets!
        
               | cruffle_duffle wrote:
               | If you go that route MOCA over your cable tv coax works
               | very well too!
        
               | Carrok wrote:
               | I recently bought my first house, and there was only one
               | coax outlet in the entire place, and zero ethernet. I
               | wanted to move where the coax terminated, and after some
               | searching around, found MOCA. Had never heard of it
               | before, but a hundred bucks or so later, and it's a
               | fantastic solution.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | I think powerline adapters might work very well in the
               | UK, where sockets on each floor are connected in a ring.
               | 
               | In my small apartment in Denmark, with new wiring, they
               | are terrible. I get about 30-50Mb/s rather than the
               | advertised 1200Mb/s. I assume the signal has to go back
               | to the distribution board to get between my adapters.
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | IMO a not-tiny house should have several sub-panels: Kitchen
         | (enough to run the big stove + ~100A, but every outlet it's own
         | 20A circuit), 'lab' / workshop (same idea), laundry room (lock-
         | out breaker near / in room for connecting / disconnecting),
         | etc.
         | 
         | A family member who's doing better in life than I am purchased
         | a house built within the last 5 years, and it didn't even
         | _have_ Ethernet run anywhere. WHY!?! I can't fathom how it's
         | possible anyone would find that a negative.
        
           | nkurz wrote:
           | > A family member who's doing better in life than I am
           | purchased a house built within the last 5 years, and it
           | didn't even _have_ Ethernet run anywhere. WHY!?! I can't
           | fathom how it's possible anyone would find that a negative.
           | 
           | I'm less sure. Are there any 40 year old cables that you'd
           | consider a positive in your house today? 20 year old cables?
           | I wouldn't be too excited about having a house full of Coax,
           | 10Base-T, and twisted pair.
           | 
           | I feel like the much better solution is to run conduit in
           | which you can replace the cable rather than permanently
           | putting in twice as much of whatever is in favor today. The
           | conduit is always better, right?
        
             | bhouston wrote:
             | Yeah, conduit makes sense. The future in homes - from this
             | current vantage point - is likely all wireless via multiple
             | APs around the house that have short range but very high
             | bandwidth. Only us power users will have wired ethernet.
        
               | mjevans wrote:
               | Wireless will _never_ have the bandwidth nor wall-
               | penetration people want. If it has the latter all the
               | neighboring houses / apartment units will bleed through,
               | and if it doesn't even the limited frequency domain won't
               | be enough unless you're in the same room as an AP that
               | doesn't penetrate walls... at which point everyone will
               | want drops running to the rooms they stay in anyway.
               | 
               | Yeah, conduits with pull strings and super-gentle curves
               | (to safely satisfy minimum bends) are ideal... but at
               | least run the lines there!
               | 
               | Re: Copper / Fiber. Fiber's a PITA for all users, even
               | powerusers probably don't want it outside of the rack /
               | enclosed areas. Delicate cables / connections.
        
             | epiccoleman wrote:
             | > 20 year old cables?
             | 
             | I just bought a new house and the previous owner had phone
             | lines everywhere (bedrooms, kitchen, office, rec room -
             | honestly kind of weird). The house was built in 2002 and I
             | gather that it was common at that time to put in Cat5e and
             | just not use all the pairs.
             | 
             | So all it took was a pleasant afternoon with the circuit
             | toner, a new patch panel, and a few keystone jacks, and now
             | the house is networked beautifully. Sure, they're not in
             | _exactly_ the places I 'd have dropped 'em if I'd been
             | starting from scratch, but it's hard to beat cables already
             | in the wall for zero effort!
        
             | terribleperson wrote:
             | Cat6 is twenty years old and still entirely usable today in
             | a residential setting.
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | If you have any way to pull cables between floors, try pulling
         | DAC cables. They give you 10+G, require no splicing (hardware
         | can be found cheap now), and generally just work as you'd
         | expect.
         | 
         | With a 10G backbone, you can get away with basement->main and
         | main->upstairs in a three-floor house, with a small bridge on
         | your main floor.
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | > If you have any way to pull cables between floors, try
           | pulling DAC cables.
           | 
           | Many of my devices take 10G ethernet, like MacMini and my
           | MacBook Air docking station. Is there an easy way to convert
           | from DAC to 10G Ethernet? The desktop has an SPF+ card so
           | that will take DAC no problem.
           | 
           | Unfortunately there is no way to pull an any cables easily.
           | But someone else suggested replaceable baseboards that hide
           | cable runs, I should look into that.
        
             | realityking wrote:
             | I don't know any media converter that would work for that
             | but you can get a Thunderbolt SFP+ ethernet adapter. For
             | example: https://www.sonnettech.com/product/solo10g-sfp-
             | tb3/overview....
        
             | mmastrac wrote:
             | 10G media converters are available for < $50 USD, but TBH
             | I've never used one.
        
           | Epa095 wrote:
           | Why DAC cables over Cat6a or Cat7
        
             | graton wrote:
             | They are the lowest power way to connect SFP. And they are
             | cheap.
             | 
             | Though I'm not sure I would pull them as they tend to max
             | out at around 6-7 meters. I use them to connect systems
             | within the same rack/room.
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | Floor to floor in a house isn't too bad with 6-7m, but I
               | suppose there's always the AOC cables that are 20m+.
        
             | bhouston wrote:
             | 10G Ethernet seems to be really hot, all my SPF+ connectors
             | are hot, my TP-Link 10G switch is hot. It seems not be
             | efficient anymore in that regards.
             | 
             | While my 10G fiber and 10G SPF+ DAC cables are perfectly
             | cool.
             | 
             | I hope this is temporary but 10G Ethernet seems hot. I
             | haven't seen anyone write on this topic yet but it is my
             | findings.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | There is no reason to pull DAC when fiber has gotten cheap.
           | Singlemode fiber is cheap enough now that isn't worth doing
           | multimode fiber. You can get pre-terminated fiber that is
           | easier to pulling whole DAC transceiver.
           | 
           | DAC is still useful for within rack.
        
             | mmastrac wrote:
             | True, though what I like about DAC is that there's far less
             | risk of optical surface damage.
             | 
             | Sure there's ESD risk but I find that much easier to
             | manage.
        
       | jmacd wrote:
       | I just had this experience. I had a 200ft run between my house
       | and barn. The original builder put a direct bury ethernet between
       | the two and it failed. I dug a trench, put in a conduit, pulled 2
       | fibre lines and left a pull string in.
       | 
       | I recently had the primary fibre fail and am now on the backup.
       | If I need to pull new ones in the future I can do that pretty
       | easily through the conduit.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | Yep. Direct-burial ethernet is surprisingly vulnerable to
         | nearby lightning strikes. It's not a matter of IF the cable or
         | devices get damaged, it's a matter of when. Nearby (not even
         | direct) lightning induces ground voltage potentials between
         | buildings to the tune of hundreds of volts or more.
        
           | c0nsumer wrote:
           | Do you have experience or information on direct burial
           | ethernet for something like a POE camera? I'd like to put one
           | on the back fence to watch the back of the house and yard.
           | Direct burial in the back yard would be a plenty easy thing
           | to do, but the cable is pricey enough that I've held off for
           | now.
        
             | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
             | Whatever you do make sure you put a fiber media converter
             | between the "ethernet" cable and your network to prevent
             | your entire network getting fried.
        
       | JoshTriplett wrote:
       | No mention in the article of making sure to run _conduit_ , so
       | you can always add more cables easily.
        
         | paulkon wrote:
         | This right here is important. We could be running fiber end to
         | end in the near future. Ethernet would end up obsolete like the
         | phone line.
        
           | fach wrote:
           | How would running fiber make Ethernet obsolete? Physical
           | medium and framing on the wire are fairly orthogonal.
        
             | JoshTriplett wrote:
             | People commonly use the word "Ethernet" to mean "Ethernet
             | cable", as in a copper cable with an RJ45 on it, not just
             | "Ethernet protocol", which is used over both copper and
             | fiber alike.
        
               | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
               | It's interesting how long twisted-pair cabling has stuck
               | around, to the point that it's associated as being _the_
               | physical medium for Ethernet. Ethernet started with
               | coaxial cables, but soon lost its association with those
               | as twisted-pair was cheaper  & easier to work with. And
               | it's stayed that way for so long that a CAT-5 cable with
               | RJ-45 (really RJ-38 but that's excessively pedantic)
               | connectors is an "Ethernet cable", and a perfectly usable
               | fiber optic cable is something else!
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | I've been in software for decades, and it was only _right
               | now_ that I realized that what I 'm calling "ethernet
               | cable" is maybe something else. Not that I understand the
               | finer details of what you're saying.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | You can find them all described here:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet
               | 
               | Specifically these:
               | 
               | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10BASE5 (early 1980s)
               | 
               | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10BASE2 (mid 1980s, cheap
               | installations like my high school in the early 1990s).
        
               | mbreese wrote:
               | It _is_ an Ethernet cable. It's just not the _only kind_
               | of Ethernet cable.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | It should mention conduit for sure, but sometimes conduit is
         | hard if you want to stick to the rule of no more than 180
         | degrees of bend in the line (and no more than 90 at one bend).
         | Long conduit runs need junction boxes at some of of the bends,
         | and it's hard to always make those accessible.
        
         | quickthrowman wrote:
         | Well, conduit plus multi-cell innerduct to make it easy.
        
       | zelon88 wrote:
       | We've almost come full circle with the idea of "run more cabling"
       | already in some ways.
       | 
       | For example, a building built in 1960 had analog phone lines.
       | Then in the 80s network lines were added. Then in the 90s - 00s
       | more and more and more network were added.
       | 
       | Then in the 2010-2020's we're starting to wind back down.
       | Removing switches and racks that used to be fully populated with
       | CAT5 which are now mostly empty. The end devices that needed
       | these runs are now running on WiFi.
        
         | zelon88 wrote:
         | To elaborate a little bit;
         | 
         | I've been in many, _many_ buildings for cabling issues. While I
         | generally agree with your assessment of  "run more everything"
         | I think this could be taken out of hand for a lot of smaller IT
         | departments who aren't capable of using more advanced methods
         | of network building. Like subnetting, VLAN trunking, or
         | redundant links.
         | 
         | Why would you need to learn about these things if you've got 3
         | or 4 more pairs of fiber hanging down? Then you have a
         | situation that I've seen before, where you have 2 fiber runs
         | carrying flat networks right next to each other with just a
         | couple of IP phones on each one.
        
       | cheema33 wrote:
       | I subscribe to this philosophy.
       | 
       | I recently had my house remodeled. A lot of the walls were opened
       | up and I asked the contractor to run fiber and cat 6a everywhere.
       | Now every room has multiple drops of each. Even the outdoor and
       | garage have several drops. Bathrooms have ethernet. Attic,
       | basement and storage room has multiple drops. I may have overdone
       | it. But, I never wanted to every worry about this ever again.
        
         | joshuaheard wrote:
         | I thought about multiple drops of cat6 per room in my house,
         | but they charged me per drop. So I just put one drop in each
         | room and added a switch in a room that needs multiple
         | connections. It's usually for Wifi WAP, smart TV, and the Tivo
         | box.
        
       | thefz wrote:
       | I was under the impression that once laid, fiber is the most
       | stable and future proof between all mediums (barring physical
       | damage). After all it won't rot, stain or degrade like copper.
       | It's plastic, mostly.
        
         | eqvinox wrote:
         | It is, it's just not immune to physical damage. Rodents and
         | Jackhammers...
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | Backhoes can find fiber from miles away... they hunger for it
        
       | eqvinox wrote:
       | > Fiber comes in two varieties, single mode and multi-mode. I
       | don't know enough to know if you should make a point of running
       | both[...]
       | 
       | Let me fill this in: in 2025 you (and everybody else) should be
       | running SMF. If you need to directly connect to existing MMF you
       | should run that _additionally_. But do not build MMF-only in
       | 2025. It 's akin to installing Cat5 (non-E) or even Cat3. And you
       | pay mostly for the work, not the cable. Do yourself a favour and
       | put SMF in.
        
         | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
         | Agreed. SMF can handle nearly anything. A single strand can
         | handle 100Gb 10km for OS1 or 100km for OS2 per frequency and
         | you can do multiple frequencies at the same time or go
         | bidirectional, too.
        
       | chaz6 wrote:
       | My business is fiber broadband, and we are laying as much as we
       | can! Fortunately the legislative environment in the UK is
       | conducive to this goal. For now we provide XGS PON (10Gbs minus
       | overhead), with 50G PON becoming available in some locations
       | later this year. Unlike regular point-to-point, it is point-to-
       | multipoint through the use of optical splitters with one head-end
       | port capable of servicing up to 256 clients. With the UK being so
       | far behind most other developed countries, it means it can take
       | advances in all of the R&D from the last twenty years. It has
       | also led to the strange situation where there are some properties
       | that have a choice between 4 or even more fibre network
       | providers. Some fiber networks are tied to a single ISP whereas
       | others are open to wholesale. I am not sure if there are any
       | ISP's that support multiple connections to the same property via
       | different fiber networks - but I think you would generally want
       | to use a different ISP for each network anyway. IPv6 is supposed
       | to make that easier, though in practice there are still no
       | protocols (a la MEF 17 Service OAM) for the ONT to signal to the
       | router that there is a fault condition. This is one circumstance
       | where PPPoE is useful. As the UK has been slow to deploy fiber
       | there are many ISPs still using it. I found this out the hard way
       | when I made the switch. My trusty old Ubiquiti Edgerouter Lite
       | (Cavium silicon) is not capable of hardware offload for
       | ipv6+pppoe+vlan at the same time, so anything particularly
       | demanding on IPv6 (e.g. Steam) essentially locks up the router. I
       | will be trying out an Alta Labs Route10 this week to see if it
       | provides any improvement.
        
       | interroboink wrote:
       | "We're only going to do this once and there's always the
       | unforeseen."
       | 
       | -- Joseph Bazalgette, on doubling the pipe diameter when building
       | the London sewer system
       | 
       | (though I don't have an original source for that quote)
        
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