[HN Gopher] The Vatican's Latinist (2017)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Vatican's Latinist (2017)
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 125 points
       Date   : 2025-03-24 01:29 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newcriterion.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newcriterion.com)
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Discussions at the time (148 points, 61 comments)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14769758
       | 
       | (105 points, 23 comments)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13789097
        
       | coolsunglasses wrote:
       | Foster was basically the rallying point for people opposed to the
       | grammarian methods of teaching languages that started in Classics
       | but ended up taking over how foreign language is taught in most
       | schools and contexts. Virtually everyone actually fluent in Latin
       | today (reading, listening, or speaking) either learned directly
       | from his a tutor using Ossa Latinitatis Sola or was downstream of
       | that.
       | 
       | Striking contrast with the most well known classicist in the UK
       | being unable, by their own admission, to comfortably read Latin
       | text basically at all.
       | 
       | Abandoning the old ways has cost us a lot in almost every area of
       | human endeavour. Especially in pedagogy.
        
         | globnomulous wrote:
         | > Striking contrast with the most well known classicist in the
         | UK being unable, by their own admission, to comfortably read
         | Latin text basically at all.
         | 
         | Sorry, what? Who is this? Even the PhD students I knew in
         | classics, the ones who were specializing in history or
         | literature, were comfortable reading texts written during their
         | time periods of interest.
        
           | svat wrote:
           | https://blogicarian.blogspot.com/2019/03/argumentum-ad-
           | ignor... -- per this blog post (which takes https://www.the-
           | tls.co.uk/regular-features/mary-beard-a-dons... as the
           | starting point), most classicists "can't sight-read a complex
           | Latin text all that well" [unlike medievalists and
           | Renaissance scholars].
        
         | camcil wrote:
         | It is fascinating that a language that still has study devoted
         | around it has died right in front of our eyes.
        
           | gattilorenz wrote:
           | But among the dead languages it's one if the liveliest
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | > Striking contrast with the most well known classicist in the
         | UK being unable, by their own admission, to comfortably read
         | Latin text basically at all.
         | 
         | That's hard to believe. A friend was a Latin teacher; high
         | school students read actual Roman Latin in their second year.
         | 
         | I've heard that few can speak Latin 'correctly', because the
         | skill is almost useless - you can't talk to Romans or almost
         | anyone else; it's all written. (I don't know about the Catholic
         | or other churches, but I do recall that 'church Latin' differs
         | from classical Latin.)
        
           | philsnow wrote:
           | > I've heard that few can speak Latin 'correctly', because
           | the skill is almost useless - you can't talk to Romans or
           | almost anyone else; it's all written.
           | 
           | Because Latin has died out as a spoken language, it doesn't
           | really change over time like modern languages do. If you find
           | a sentence written 2000 years ago and another elsewhere
           | written 1500 years ago, it's likely they mean the exact same
           | thing.
           | 
           | "Latin is a dead language" is actually a positive statement
           | about the continued use of Latin, especially in the church;
           | so much of the writing of the early church and the church
           | fathers was in Latin, and we can know that we're interpreting
           | it faithfully (or at least as faithfully as we have done for
           | centuries) because the language is static.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | To add a bit of detail: At least in English etymologies,
             | there are significant differences between classical Latin
             | and post-classical Latin.
             | 
             | But post-classical Latin unhelpfully covers Rome from ~200
             | CE into the 20th century, including the Catholic Church and
             | all those scholars and scientists. I'm not sure what
             | differences arose before or after the fall of Rome in 476
             | CE, which began the Middle Ages.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | While Latin has indeed evolved very little after it stopped
             | being a native language, its vocabulary had continuously
             | expanded until 2 centuries ago.
             | 
             | Until around the beginning of the 19th century, Latin had
             | remained the most important language for the publication of
             | scientific works and for international correspondence
             | between well-educated people, and during this time many
             | words have been added for naming things unknown to the
             | Romans.
             | 
             | Also the preference for various grammatical variants or for
             | certain word orders has been strongly influenced by some
             | features common to the evolution of European languages, so
             | a Latin text written during the Middle Ages feels quite
             | different from a text written during the Roman Empire.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | > Latin had remained the most important language for the
               | publication of scientific works and for international
               | correspondence between well-educated people
               | 
               | ... and important to the Catholic Church.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | That is right, but while I have found it very useful even
               | today to read in original the works of Georg Bauer,
               | Newton, von Linne, Gauss and the like, there is much less
               | interest in reading the many ecclesiastic documents that
               | treated subjects with only a limited temporal relevance
               | (unless you are a historian of that time period).
               | 
               | In general, I strongly recommend to read carefully in
               | original the scientific literature of the 17th, 18th and
               | 19th centuries, even if that requires the ability to read
               | at least Latin, German, French and English, because by
               | reading the original sources you can find frequently that
               | the authors have said things quite different (and wiser)
               | than what it is claimed that they have said in many
               | university textbooks or popular science books.
               | 
               | In science and technology, there is very little that
               | becomes truly obsolete, because the optimal solutions for
               | solving practical problems often cycle through the space
               | of solutions during the years, depending on how the
               | balance between various advantages and disadvantages
               | changes with the evolution of the available technologies.
               | So those who believe that it is enough to read the up-to-
               | date literature are typically wrong, because the miracle
               | new solution of tomorrow is frequently again the same
               | that was best 50 years ago, or even earlier, but which
               | had become forgotten in recent years.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | > there is much less interest in reading the many
               | ecclesiastic documents [...] In science and technology,
               | there is very little that becomes truly obsolete
               | 
               | Documents that contain administrative minutiae or legal
               | rulings or whatever may only have value for historical
               | study, yes, but one major reason for the very existence
               | and authority of the Catholic Church is to serve as
               | guardian of her doctrines and their development, and to
               | communicate them faithfully across generations. Meaning,
               | the doctrines of the faith are never made obsolete, or
               | else the faith, and certainly the authority of the
               | Church, is undermined. The understanding of them can be
               | deepened and expanded over time, but the doctrines
               | themselves are fixed.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | That is great; thanks.
               | 
               | I think of it as reading the very best writing, e.g.,
               | Charles Darwin, and not just another paper or book.
               | Wouldn't you love to have a conversation with Darwin?
               | That's what you get when you engage with their writing.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _Because Latin has died out as a spoken language_
             | 
             | It evolved into Italian, Spanish, _etc_ :
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages
        
           | akshayshah wrote:
           | Second-year high school students do read actual Roman texts,
           | but they typically do so very slowly and laboriously - a
           | day's homework might be translating a single paragraph.
           | 
           | I studied Latin from 7th grade through my early undergraduate
           | years (1990s to early 00s), and that dynamic didn't change as
           | much as you might expect - the focus remains on deeply
           | reading a few texts, rather than building the fluency
           | required to quickly read and understand new texts on
           | unfamiliar subjects. The corpus of texts for standardized
           | exams is also relatively small and well-known - I didn't see
           | a single unfamiliar passage on either AP Latin exam.
           | 
           | Perhaps some classics professors read Latin as fluently as
           | the average Spanish literature professor reads a Madrid
           | newspaper, but I certainly never met any outside Reginaldus's
           | orbit.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | How could you not gain that fluency after years? Every
             | human naturally learns languages; you don't need a Ph.D. at
             | all.
        
               | pinkmuffinere wrote:
               | >Foster was basically the rallying point for people
               | opposed to the grammarian methods of teaching languages
               | that started in Classics but ended up taking over how
               | foreign language is taught in most schools and contexts
               | 
               | Humans naturally learn languages when they are immersed
               | in the language. It sounds like Latin instruction was
               | more focused on rules, and didn't provide that immersion
               | before Foster. I can attest that many other foreign
               | language classes also don't provide enough immersion to
               | really learn the language, although being limited to ~10
               | hours a week makes that virtually impossible.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | Ph.D.'s are rather immersed. Imagine how much time you
               | spend staring at Latin texts over many years.
        
               | akshayshah wrote:
               | It's certainly possible to gain that fluency, as
               | Reginaldus demonstrated. But it seemed to me that fluency
               | reading unfamiliar texts simply wasn't the goal of my
               | Latin education; instead, we were studying to know
               | Catullus, Ovid, Horace, Cicero, and Vergil, with a small
               | smattering of other Roman authors. It was an education in
               | classics, not the Latin language. We just weren't asked
               | to extract information from large volumes of text, speak
               | extemporaneously, or comprehend casual conversation.
               | 
               | The best analogy I can give is this: imagine taking
               | Spanish from grades 7-12, culminating in a full year
               | reading and understanding selections of Don Quixote. The
               | entire curriculum builds towards this capstone year, and
               | other areas of inquiry get very short shrift. Nobody
               | cares if you can live comfortably in a Spanish-speaking
               | country or watch Spanish-language TV. Nobody cares about
               | modern idiom, or any more recent works of literature, or
               | technical writing. s/Don Quixote/Aeneid + a small corpus
               | of Roman poems/g and you have the bulk of my Latin
               | education.
               | 
               | This sounds negative - we weren't fluent in Latin! But
               | for a teenager, it was a wonderfully deep exploration of
               | Rome's greatest hits. I loved it.
        
               | tannhaeuser wrote:
               | It's because you only ever translate but never speak or
               | synthesize latin exept in a few church circles where it
               | is or was used as Lingua Franca (such as depicted in
               | Conclave last year). I understand the original post to be
               | about the profound difference this makes in acquiring a
               | language intuitively.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | I'm skeptical how much speaking/synthesizing the language
               | matters if you only care about reading.
               | 
               | I can read German moderately well (can get through
               | newspaper articles pretty easily, and novels with some
               | effort), but I have very little ability to synthesize it
               | (it'd take me quite a lot of effort to construct a
               | sentence in writing, and I can't really speak at all).
               | But the lack of ability to produce the language doesn't
               | seem to negatively impact my reading ability.
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | And this is the case for most scholars of ancient
               | languages besides Latin and Ancient Greek. While those
               | two big ones get the occasional translation of a modern
               | work like Harry Potter or The Hobbit, nobody is writing
               | new works in Sumerian or Middle Egyptian, although
               | reading existing works is what these scholars do.
        
               | dkarl wrote:
               | I think it's because it's "classics." Your first couple
               | of years excepted, everyone hears about a text years
               | before they read it. By the time they read it, they
               | already know a lot about it, and they read it closely and
               | systematically to get a deep understanding of it.
               | 
               | There isn't a firehose of new text being created in
               | Latin, and you never (or very rarely) scan over something
               | to find out what it's about, extract a quick fact from
               | it, or decide if it's worth reading. You know what's in
               | it, you know the standard take-away from it, there's a
               | good chance you've read the highlights in translation
               | already, you may even know one or two hair-splitting
               | academic controversies about it, and you are sitting down
               | for a good hour or several hours with it. It's a
               | completely different kind of reading from scanning a web
               | site or a newspaper to find something worth reading more
               | closely, looking for the answer to a concrete question,
               | or scanning something to decide if you can afford to not
               | really read it.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | > Every human naturally learns languages
               | 
               | ... in the first few years of life. Beyond that, it's an
               | intentional, conscious and often challenging effort for
               | many.
               | 
               | Some people, even as adults, are far more adept at
               | learning new languages than others. For the rest of us,
               | it typically requires devotion to the subject for years.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | The Latin teacher at my school and my French teacher would
             | discuss private matters in Latin, confident that us 13 year
             | olds wouldn't understand.
             | 
             | I've no proof, but my assumption is there are students of
             | Latin casually speaking the language to show off at places
             | like Cambridge University.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | Did the Latin students have a rivalry with the goth kids
               | and the vandals?
        
               | ptsneves wrote:
               | So good!
        
           | aprilthird2021 wrote:
           | I was a high school student studying Latin. Like almost all
           | high school language students, we could not read fluently. It
           | took a long time and potentially many trips to the dictionary
        
           | wisty wrote:
           | I think it's a bit out of context. I think they are referring
           | to Mary Beard, who is a classicist / historian who said her
           | Latin wasn't that good, but may have been exaggerating
           | because she was IIRC arguing against gatekeeping in history
           | (like saying physicists don't need advanced math, because
           | Einstein wasn't the best at math compared to a few other top
           | theoretical physicists).
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | and her standard of "good" is probably quite high.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | They're referring to this story from a few years back:
           | 
           |  _Latin as She is Spoke: How Classicists Tricked Themselves_
           | Jan 2022 (171 points, 191 comments)
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30124101
        
           | cafard wrote:
           | I guess that one would have to know what "comfortably" means
           | and what sort of texts. At the speed of English? Caesar or
           | Tacitus?
           | 
           | The essayist Sydney Smith, himself an Anglican clergyman,
           | said something teasing about "false quantities" in Roman
           | Catholic services. I can tell you that the pronunciation
           | varies in church Latin: c and g can be "softened" when
           | followed by e or i; v is v, not w.
           | 
           | You don't hear a great deal of Latin in Catholic services
           | these days: in the Tridentine rite the congregation doesn't
           | get much to say. The Novus Ordo Latin Mass is awfully rare.
        
           | Roscius wrote:
           | > I've heard that few can speak Latin 'correctly', because
           | the skill is almost useless
           | 
           | Not useless at all - speaking Latin helps you to better
           | appreciate both prose and poetry. Understanding the sound of
           | the language helps you to appreciate the word play and
           | nuance. Also as children we learn language mostly by
           | listening and speaking, not by reading, so it makes sense to
           | learn Latin in that way.
           | 
           | There's been significant research on reconstructing classical
           | pronunciation. But Latin was spoken as a primary language for
           | over a thousand years, so the pronunciation naturally changed
           | over that time and there were of course regional dialects -
           | some of which evolved into Romance languages.
           | 
           | In reading Latin, it doesn't have a lot of silent letters (it
           | does have some), so it's quite easy to read aloud a Latin
           | sentence once you understand the basic phonetics. In
           | classical times poems like the Aeneid were recited aloud, so
           | doing so today makes sense.
           | 
           | Fluency is a somewhat subjective concept, but the growth of
           | the internet has spawned a growing community of Latin
           | speakers internationally. (I speak Latin at roughly a B2
           | level and am constantly improving).
        
           | coolsunglasses wrote:
           | >That's hard to believe.
           | 
           | I understand why you'd feel that way but classics departments
           | aren't what they used to be. It's pretty common for even
           | elite universities these days to not require grad students to
           | understand the languages of the cultures they purportedly
           | study across the board, let alone for Latin.
           | 
           | https://blogicarian.blogspot.com/2019/03/argumentum-ad-
           | ignor...
        
       | spudlyo wrote:
       | If you find this article fascinating, and are intrigued by the
       | possibility of learning to speak a dead language like Latin, I'm
       | here to tell you that it's probably a lot easier than you think.
       | 
       | To start off, there is a textbook that I think really resonates
       | with hackers. It's called "Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata" (The
       | Latin Language Illustrated through itself) and it teaches Latin
       | in a fun and mind-altering way. The entire book is in Latin, but
       | it starts of with very simple sentences that anyone who speaks
       | English or a Romance language can intuit with a bit of effort.
       | There are very clever marginal illustrations that help drive the
       | meaning home. It builds an understanding in Latin brick by brick,
       | and eventually you find yourself understanding complex sentences
       | and ideas. Furthermore the book is just fun and often funny, it
       | tells a story of a Roman family and strikes an excellent balance
       | between teaching and entertaining. Contrast this approach with
       | dense Latin texts that have a heavy focus on grammar and
       | translation.
       | 
       | So that's one way to learn the language, but what about speaking
       | it? Well, that's where the Legentibus app comes in. It's a Latin
       | language podcast application which has wealth of well recorded
       | stories in classical Latin at a bunch of different difficulty
       | levels. It also has has the Latin language text of the stories
       | that are highlighted as the audio is read, with optional
       | interlinear English translations. I find these really help at
       | first to help me understand the content. I turn them off later
       | once I get the gist of what is being said, or just listen without
       | reading. You can also do dictionary lookups of individual words
       | without turning on the translation.
       | 
       | Here are the reasons why I think this is one of the most
       | enjoyable and useful things I do as a newbie Latin language
       | learner:
       | 
       | 1) The stories themselves are engaging. Some of my favorites are
       | from "Gesta Romanorum" (Deeds of the Romans) which is a 13th or
       | 14th century collection of stories often with a moral allegorical
       | themes. These were rewritten in a beginner friendly style, but
       | use classical Latin idioms, some of which are explicitly pointed
       | out in the text as clickable footnotes.
       | 
       | 2) Daniel (the co-founder of the app and Latin scholar) does an
       | excellent job as a reader. I listen to a lot of audio books, and
       | I especially like it when the reader consistently does memorable
       | character voices. Be it an extortionist dog slyly claiming "Omnes
       | canes amant" (everyone loves dogs) or Pluto, King of the
       | Underworld, commanding "Eurydice accede huc!" in a booming voice,
       | Daniel nails it.
       | 
       | 3) You can listen to these while folding laundry, cooking dinner,
       | or doing whatever. I manage to squeeze in 40 minutes a day or so
       | of these stories, and I'm always happy to do it.
       | 
       | 4) Often times when I learn a new bit of grammar or learn the
       | precise meaning of a word, my mind often will replay in my head a
       | phrase (in Daniel's voice) from one of the stories that uses that
       | word or grammatical concept. This happens more than you might
       | expect.
       | 
       | Finally, there is a pretty vibrant online community of Latin
       | language learners out there, from the /r/Latin subreddit, to the
       | LLPSI (Lingua Latina per se Illustrata) Discord
       | (https://discord.gg/uXSwq9r4) to the Latin & Ancient Greek)
       | Discord (https://discord.gg/latin) and others.
       | 
       | It's never been easier to pick up Latin.
        
         | aag wrote:
         | Thank you very much for recommending the Legentibus app. I've
         | just installed it, and I'm already enjoying it. It looks nice,
         | has just the right amount of introductory material, and runs
         | smoothly, which already puts it head and shoulders above most
         | apps. I'm looking forward to diving in.
         | 
         | I had four years of Latin in junior high school and high
         | school, and have been trying to revive my skills using Duolingo
         | for five minutes a day for a few years. It will be fun to try
         | something new.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | A surprisingly large amount of works are available in Latin -
         | including modern ones you might not expect:
         | https://www.amazon.com/dp/0865164207 or
         | https://www.amazon.com/Hobbitus-Ille-Hobbit-Tolkien-Septembe...
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | Alas, Latin is probably third on my list of other languages to
         | learn (Spanish and Japanese, in that order). I doubt very much
         | if I ever make it to #2, let alone #3. Life is too short, we
         | don't get to do all the cool stuff one might want!
        
           | sandbach wrote:
           | If you wait until you're fluent in Spanish to get started
           | with Japanese, you'll be waiting a long time.
           | 
           | I recommend learning them concurrently. It'll be easier than
           | you might think!
        
         | vintermann wrote:
         | Don't know about hackers, but that method of teaching, "the
         | direct method", is how I learned English back in the day. Our
         | English teacher was an Esperantist, which was probably how he
         | came in contact with this idea, "la rekta metodo" has strong
         | connections with the Esperanto movement.
         | 
         | I've read the criticisms of it, and it could well be it works
         | worse for others, but for me it worked very well - and I
         | utterly failed to learn German to anything like the same level,
         | despite ~8 years of classes in it. My German teachers were
         | hardly consistent in their methods (some were very classicist-
         | latin-grammarian types), but none of them used the direct
         | method.
        
         | radix7 wrote:
         | I've worked at Latin on and off over the past ten years or so,
         | starting with LLPSI and similar beginner materaials. Trying to
         | read actual Roman texts still feels like slamming into a brick
         | wall.
        
       | schoen wrote:
       | I've mentioned here that I got to study with him in his summer
       | course the very last year it was held in Rome (when he got sick
       | and ultimately came back to the U.S.).
       | 
       | He was a really cool guy and teacher of some really cool
       | students, many of whom are still teaching Latin with their own
       | spins on it.
       | 
       | This article was published in 2017, so it doesn't mention that
       | Foster subsequently died in 2020.
        
         | spudlyo wrote:
         | He's quite a character! I found a great video[0] of him
         | speaking for over an hour to a classroom filled with former
         | students.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZLcWl_NCMY
        
           | schoen wrote:
           | Wow, it looks like there are also interviews recorded with
           | him in his nursing home after his retirement!
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/@latintalk9556/videos
           | 
           | He had a lot more energy earlier in his life (of course), but
           | you can still see a lot of his ideas and passion.
           | 
           | In the classroom in earlier decades he was sometimes _a lot_
           | louder than this. :-)
        
           | unit149 wrote:
           | "You don't study Liszt, you don't study Wagner, and come out
           | hating music." [17:21]
           | 
           | Foster's work is based in the classical and English schooling
           | tradition. When a boy was sent to school he would typically
           | be introduced to the paradigms of Latin. Only having mastered
           | it would Greek forms be introduced.
        
           | ks2048 wrote:
           | Some of the suggested videos from that link him speaking just
           | in Latin, which is pretty interesting:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBIZEkTKuq4 [LatinTalk: 045
           | Duo suadeo, duo propono]
        
       | akshayshah wrote:
       | I had the chance to attend some of Father Reginaldus's summer
       | school in 1999, and it sparked a lifelong love of Latin. The
       | article did a wonderful job capturing the verve that Reginaldus
       | brought to the material.
       | 
       | I've always imagined the Recurse Center being similar-ish for
       | programming.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Father Reginald Foster has died_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25539292 - Dec 2020 (51
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Vatican 's Latinist_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14769758 - July 2017 (61
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Vatican's Latinist_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13789097 - March 2017 (23
       | comments)
        
       | DemocracyFTW2 wrote:
       | Would not have expected to read all of this article, but I did,
       | started my day. Can recommend, would read it again.
        
       | slyall wrote:
       | When Pope Benedict resigned he announced it in Latin
       | unexpectedly. Many present did not understand what he was saying.
       | 
       | https://insidethevatican.com/magazine/pope-benedicts-resigna...
        
         | felipeerias wrote:
         | Time will tell, but after more than two millennia this might
         | have been the last significant announcement made in Latin.
        
           | error_logic wrote:
           | Revealing much?
        
         | error_logic wrote:
         | Memetic hazard.
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | Who would be a person with similar competency in Ancient Greek
       | living now?
        
       | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
       | It's fun to set your browser preferences to Latin (ISO 639-1:
       | "la") and see what sites respect that.
        
         | Aransentin wrote:
         | Do you have any examples of sites that do that?
        
           | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
           | Wikipedia does this. The Vatican site did in the past. Google
           | seems to have partial support, showing Italian in some places
           | and Latin in others.
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | I've been rebuilding the meagre Latin I picked up in college in
       | the 80s and I've found late Latin to be a bit helpful for
       | building confidence--Beeson's Primer of Medieval Latin and the
       | Vulgate Bible have been my primary texts of late. With the
       | Vulgate, I've been painstakingly translating by hand every verse
       | (I'm not as diligent as I should be so I'm only up to Genesis 17
       | despite a few years of doing this in fits and starts). With
       | Beeson, I reached the point where by the time I got to the poetry
       | section, I was relying much less on wiktionary (which is handy
       | because you can find most words by their inflected forms rather
       | than having to know the correct dictionary form). I doubt I'll
       | ever be fully fluent, but I've got a pretty solid reading
       | knowledge these days.
        
       | Koshkin wrote:
       | For anyone curious, this is one of the best places to learn about
       | some early Indo-European languages:
       | 
       | https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol
        
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