[HN Gopher] A USB Interface to the "Mother of All Demos" Keyset
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A USB Interface to the "Mother of All Demos" Keyset
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 308 points
       Date   : 2025-03-23 15:31 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.righto.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.righto.com)
        
       | kens wrote:
       | Author here if there are any questions...
        
         | gargablegar wrote:
         | Thank you for this, wonderful break down of some amazing
         | history. I have watched that demo many many times in my pursuit
         | of human computer interface thinking.
         | 
         | I often wondered what happened to this piece of hardware... I
         | still hold a deep belief that our current input methods are
         | flawed(as amazing as they are) and we are in need of another
         | leap forward.
         | 
         | Anyway great read - thank you again.
        
         | xkriva11 wrote:
         | How did Engelbart render black text on a white background
         | during his 1968 Demo, considering that the display technology
         | at the time was based on vector CRTs, which typically produced
         | glowing light rather than dark areas?
        
           | kens wrote:
           | Output was displayed on 5" CRTs. High-resolution TV cameras
           | (875-line) transmitted the CRT output to 17" monitors at each
           | work station. By flipping a switch, the video could be
           | inverted, so you could get either black lines on a light
           | background or white lines on a black background. In other
           | words, Engelbart invented dark mode :-)
        
             | xkriva11 wrote:
             | Crazy. This clearly demonstrates their focus on output,
             | even at the expense of cost-effectiveness.
             | 
             | Was TREE-META directly linked to META-II?
        
               | kens wrote:
               | As far as I can tell, TREE-META and META II were
               | unrelated compiler compilers.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | I vaguely remember the published description of TREE-META
               | crediting META-II, though I might be confabulating that.
               | More broadly, I don't think any compiler-compiler is
               | unrelated to META-II.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Plausibly someone else in Engelbart's lab, or a group of
             | people, invented it. He always complained about people
             | assigning him credit for the whole team's output.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Hey, great to see this, thank you so much, Ken!
         | 
         | I'm lucky to own an original Engelbart mouse and chord keyset
         | too, and I want to make usable replicas by 3d scanning them,
         | making 3d printable models, and embedding metal and electronic
         | parts so they work via bluetooth!
         | 
         | The first step is to take it apart, measure and weigh the
         | pieces, 3d scan it, and make a realistic 3d printable all
         | plastic model (like an easy-to-print toy), but then refine it
         | to make a high quality hybrid version with the exact same
         | weight and feel and materials and electronics using resin
         | printing and off the shelf hardware like the wheel, so it feels
         | as realistic as possible and actually works!
         | 
         | I think reproducing the actual weight and feel of the original
         | is really important, the klunky feel of the wheel attached to
         | the potentiometer hitting the rotation limit, how it scrapes
         | across the table, etc. It's really amazing to hold and feel in
         | your own hand, and it belongs in a hands-on museum like the
         | Exploratorium, but it would quickly get destroyed. So it would
         | be great if anyone who wants could 3d print their own quick and
         | easy plastic replica, or assemble their own high quality
         | functional replica too.
         | 
         | I want to release the simple model and detailed plans to make
         | your own for free, and think it would be a great kit or pre-
         | assembled gadget that the Computer History Museum could sell in
         | the gift store.
         | 
         | It would also be cool to include an accelerometer and gyro in
         | it so it would also work as a gestural game controller -- why
         | not: it would be so cheap and easy to add!
         | 
         | Here are some parts I'm considering using, but I'm new to this
         | stuff -- what do people with more experience think?
         | Microcontroller: ESP32-S3 module (USB + Bluetooth capabilities)
         | Motion Sensor: MPU6050 6-axis accelerometer/gyroscope       2x
         | 10KO potentiometers for X/Y tracking wheels       3x tactile
         | buttons with pull-up resistors       3.7V LiPo battery
         | (350-500mAh)       TP4056 charging module       USB-C connector
         | (for both charging and wired mode)
         | 
         | I'd love to discuss the project with you, a free open non-
         | profit labor of love, and I hope we can collaborate! I just
         | invested in a Bambu 3d printer and Raptor 3d scanner just for
         | this project, so I'm ready to get started scanning and
         | printing. Please drop me an email at: don@donhopkins.com
        
           | bch wrote:
           | Hi Don. I think this stuff is great, and applaud your work,
           | so don't think of this as a slight (depending on the answer,
           | of course): how _practical_ is this? Again, if the answer is
           | approximately "not at all practical", that's fair, but I
           | guess I could also see it fitting somewhere on a spectrum
           | like emacs vs vi, QWERTY vs Dvorak, etc...
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | People preserve past technology for various reasons, but I
             | have always appreciated the investment lessons about what
             | persists... and what faded away.
             | 
             | For example, most modern architectures were not the best
             | choice, and have pigeonholed both AMD and Intel for
             | decades. =3
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | I'm doing it for the looks and feels. Making it public and
             | open so others can take a look and feel free. (Ha ha, I got
             | a billion of 'em!) ;)
             | 
             | It does have a distinctive visual look and physical feel.
             | And while it's not as sleek or ergonomic as the latest
             | Logitech mouse (who gave him an office at their
             | headquarters from 1992 to 2007), it's pretty great to
             | actually touch and hold -- just to grasp firsthand how far
             | input devices have come.
             | 
             | (Okay, now I've got nine hundred ninety-nine million, nine
             | hundred ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred ninety-something
             | of 'em!)
             | 
             | 1) Historic Firsts: The Mouse
             | 
             | https://dougengelbart.org/content/view/162/
             | 
             | >Logitech celebrates "ONE BILLION MICE SOLD!" making
             | headlines in 2008. See their press release, blog post, and
             | billionth mouse celebration page with links to press kits,
             | fun facts, and timelines. The event coincided with our 40th
             | anniversary celebration of Doug's landmark demo, titled
             | "Engelbart and the Dawn of Interactive Computing". Enjoy
             | the following timeline from Logitech's celebrations.
             | 
             | 1.0e+9) Logitech Ships Billionth Mouse. Coincides with
             | Fortieth Anniversary of First Computer Mouse Public:
             | 
             | https://ir.logitech.com/press-releases/press-release-
             | details...
             | 
             | >"What a wonderful coincidence that the leading mouse
             | manufacturer has announced such a significant milestone in
             | the same month that we celebrate Doug Engelbart's legendary
             | public debut of the computer mouse," said Curt Carlson,
             | president and chief executive officer of SRI International.
             | "Logitech's product innovations support Engelbart's vision
             | of human-computer tools for interactive and collaborative
             | work."
             | 
             | [?]) Doug Engelbart obituary:
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jul/04/doug-
             | enge...
             | 
             | >After that, Engelbart set up the tiny Bootstrap Institute
             | with his daughter Christina, which survives as the Doug
             | Engelbart Institute, providing a useful history of his life
             | and times. From 1992 to 2007, Engelbart was given an office
             | at Logitech's headquarters, before finally returning to SRI
             | some 30 years after he had left it.
        
               | bch wrote:
               | I might be misunderstanding, but are you talking solely
               | about the most here? I'm mostly curious about the chorded
               | "keyboard"(?) as an input device - have you spent time
               | with it as a daily driver? How does it compare to a
               | traditional keyboard? I would guess a keyboard would be
               | easier for a beginner, because ~1 key per symbol, and the
               | keycaps are all printed (though I'm sure many of us
               | remember our untrained selves scanning the entire
               | keyboard intently, looking for whatever letter had eluded
               | us) - so chorded input would be more of a learning wall
               | than a learning curve, but once that's achieved... is
               | chorded input ~100% speed of a QWERTY kb, or 10%, or
               | 150%? Is it more or less tiring, physically and mentally?
               | Very interested in your experience.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | >I want to make usable replicas by 3d scanning them
           | 
           | Cool, the artifacts should be preserved for people studying
           | new haptics device designs.
           | 
           | The MPU6050 is not a great IMU, but the cost might be your
           | best option.
           | 
           | >USB-C connector
           | 
           | One can force the interface into legacy USB 2.0 HID mode, and
           | I would highly recommend that approach if you are excluding a
           | USBC device PMIC. The TP4056 also have some weirdness about
           | entering charge modes, and exiting trickle mode.
           | 
           | Would recommend contacting some museum staff if additional
           | hardware is missing:
           | 
           | https://vintagegeek.com/
           | 
           | Best of luck =3
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Just the kind of advice and wisdom I was hoping to hear,
             | thank you! What would your ideal pick of hardware
             | components be? Cost is not a major factor, since the cost
             | of manufacturing a high quality durable case and sourcing
             | the other materials will probably overwhelm the cost of the
             | electronics. Universal usability and battery life and
             | rechargeability are quite important though. So no
             | "different thinking" charging cable ports on the bottom,
             | pfft!
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | > What would your ideal pick of hardware components be?
               | 
               | In general, cheap 3.3v based devices just use disposable
               | 2x AA battery with a reasonably good LDO regulator, as
               | they do not burn a lot of power that 2000mAh can last a
               | long time. For a Bluetooth device, I would just leave the
               | USB features/port/cable off to save on the design cost,
               | and the sanity of DIY folks going cross-eyed trying to
               | get a 0.5mm contact-pitch plug soldered. lol
               | 
               | The IMU chips all have trade-offs, but I usually prefer
               | an i2c chip with interrupt event pin (wake-from-sleep or
               | sample-ready interrupt.) Also, many modern gyro chips
               | have pre-filters built right into the chip itself, and
               | can save a lot of cycles/DSP mcu side.
               | 
               | Not sure about the development state of the ESP32
               | Bluetooth library, but these chips are generally not
               | known for their power efficiency or accurate a2d
               | functions. If I recall, last time I chose a nordic
               | semiconductor chip because of the power efficiency, and
               | everything else was unavailable.
               | 
               | Best of luck =3
        
           | jdboyd wrote:
           | I would suggest being sure to use a cpu platform well
           | supported by ZMK to make your HID software easier. The
           | esp32-s3 doesn't appear to have Bluetooth support in ZMK yet.
           | People who want Bluetooth support are being encouraged to use
           | the nrf52 platform. People who want usb only might be better
           | with a rp2040 as there is better support in ZMK for that
           | platform than anything esp32.
        
         | ChrisGammell wrote:
         | I always drop everything to read when there are new articles.
         | Keep up the great work Ken!
        
         | thakoppno wrote:
         | Are there any opportunities for the local community to help
         | preserve this history?
         | 
         | There's a new development planned for the SRI site and I was
         | hoping there'd be some honorary for that hallowed ground.
        
           | kens wrote:
           | Christina Engelbart is working to preserve the history at the
           | Doug Engelbart Institute: https://www.dougengelbart.org/
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | Thanks for writing this!
         | 
         | You misspelled "eidophor".
         | 
         | Brad Neuberg (the founder of coworking) worked with Doug about
         | 15 years ago to hook up one of these keysets to a then-current
         | computer to use Augment. Any idea what happened to that work?
        
       | bsindcatr wrote:
       | It's amazing to me not only how much things haven't changed (many
       | still use mouse, joystick, keyboard) but how much things _have_
       | changed.
       | 
       | A dedicated keyset for frequent functions like this is certainly
       | cool, and there was a time where it was cool to have num pad and
       | function keys, but then most users started to use modifier keys
       | (shift, ctrl, option, later added cmd) on their keyboards. We
       | started with joysticks, then mice, then some trackballs, haptic
       | joystick, light pen, touchpad, then haptic touch screen. And we
       | have some voice interaction, then some immersive VR and augmented
       | reality, then interaction with AI that can hear and see things,
       | and we have some movement in brain interfacing over the years.
       | 
       | What is next?
       | 
       | (I apologize for leaving many things out and getting them in the
       | wrong order. Just going on memory.)
        
       | andrehacker wrote:
       | Fascinating read as always Ken. It seems that the concept of a
       | "Chorded Keyboard" from Douglas then spawned several relatively
       | successful successors later on:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorded_keyboard
       | 
       | Growing up in the Netherlands in the 80s it was hard to not be
       | aware of the "Velotype": it had more keys and supposedly made it
       | easier to learn the "chords".
       | 
       | Your reference to the book Nerds 2.0.1 is great, the book is a
       | companion to the excelent PBS 3-part series from 1998
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/movies?tab=collection&query=Nerd...
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Back in the mid '80s our school was given a small number of
         | Microwriter chorded keyboards
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwriter) for our BBC Micro
         | lab. Even as 12 year olds we were already crazy good touch-
         | typists, so the Microwriter felt very clunky and unintuitive to
         | us. I don't know what the lesson is from that. Just because it
         | seems a good idea doesn't mean that it is. Or typewriter-style
         | keyboards have survived over a century and a half for a reason.
        
           | Cpoll wrote:
           | I'm not convinced either of those are the lessons. I think
           | the reason for the keyboard's success is that it has a smooth
           | learning curve. A neophyte can hunt-and-peck with a keyboard.
           | Not so with a chorded keyboard.
        
             | amoshebb wrote:
             | but then it kinda stops, couldn't we layer on chords as
             | well, you can peck "t h e" or just mash "eth" and both
             | would result in "the", or maybe some sort of english pinyin
             | where only the first few chars are needed?
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | Predictive text? But it's also an example of an
               | incremental improvement that someone could experiment
               | with to see if it works. Much easier than having to
               | prototype entirely new hardware (especially in the 80s,
               | in an era before cheap additive prototyping).
        
               | girvo wrote:
               | I mean in some ways that is what modern predictive text
               | is, right? I watch others rely on it incredibly heavily,
               | no correcting mistakes at all just rely on the
               | autocorrect to solve it, and it works well
               | 
               | Or swipe-typing, as another version of that idea. Move in
               | the rough area of the key, and rely on prediction
        
               | aphit wrote:
               | This is precisely what CharaChorder is.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CharaChorder
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Yes, that's a really good point.
        
         | jhbadger wrote:
         | In the 1990s chorded keyboards were "popular" in regard to
         | wearable computing. People like Steve Mann would give talks
         | where he demonstrated how he could use his wearable computer
         | (basically a laptop he strapped to himself with a clunky
         | goggle-mounted display) that he controlled with a small chorded
         | keyboard he operated with one hand. Obviously, a decade later
         | with smartphones this looked pretty silly (if it didn't already
         | in the 1990s) but some people really did think this was the
         | future at the time.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Mann_(inventor)
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | The killer feature of a chorded mechanical (not on-screen)
           | keyboard for me is that one can use it without having to look
           | at it. To literally touch-type (not necessarily text).
           | 
           | This is why such keyboards are used where this advantage is
           | material, e.g. in jet fighters.
        
             | makeset wrote:
             | You can learn to touch-type on any keyboard and never ever
             | look at it (actually gets confusing to look), and many
             | where you never have to move your hands around either,
             | before you need to get anywhere near chordal.
        
               | diggan wrote:
               | > (actually gets confusing to look)
               | 
               | As someone who grew up with a Swedish keyboard layout,
               | switched to US when I got a job as a programmer but live
               | in Spain so most keyboards have Spanish physical layouts
               | while I use US software layouts: yes, this is very true
               | for a lot of us :)
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | True, especially for ergonomic keyboards.
               | 
               | The upside of a chorded keyboard is that it can input a
               | lot while using just one hand, and can be fixed relative
               | just to that hand (imagine e.g. typing while holding a
               | bike handlebar, or, again, an aircraft control stick).
               | Normal touch-typing requires active use of two hands, and
               | a steady surface.
        
             | tdeck wrote:
             | The most successful chorded keyboard of all time is the
             | Perkins keyboard used to produce braille. If you already
             | know braille, it's much quicker to learn than touch typing
             | on a regular keyboard because they keys correspond directly
             | to dots in the braille character cell.
             | 
             | And surprisingly, this advantage of not having to look at
             | it also applies blind smartphone users, who can use an on-
             | screen Perkins keyboard as an input method. The touch
             | targets are large enough that you can use it without seeing
             | them once you get used to where they are.
             | 
             | https://www.perkins.org/resource/using-braille-input-your-
             | id...
        
               | robin_reala wrote:
               | Not that I've seen a blind user using Perkins in real
               | life, but the videos I've seen all seem to demonstate the
               | "screen away" mode referenced in this article: turn the
               | phone away from you but cradled in two hands, position
               | your fingers on the screen in roughly the correct
               | position, then you're ready to start typing. To a blind
               | user, the screen becomes the operating mechanism, and the
               | perception mechanism is typically headphones.
        
               | tdeck wrote:
               | Yes exactly. It's more of a way to make use of many of
               | the other pre-existing functions of the smartphone
               | without having to have a purpose built device. Although
               | there is at least one hardware addon i'm aware of for
               | blind users:
               | 
               | https://www.iamhable.com/en-am
        
           | _emacsomancer_ wrote:
           | There's a 1990s Alan Alda video interviewing Thad Starner
           | with these elements: https://youtu.be/X7DM1mT8r7c
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > In the 1990s chorded keyboards were "popular" in regard to
           | wearable computing. ... Obviously, a decade later with
           | smartphones this looked pretty silly (if it didn't already in
           | the 1990s) but some people really did think this was the
           | future at the time.
           | 
           | Well, we have portable computers with chorded key-sets now:
           | we just call them handheld consoles instead. I'm quite sure
           | that the button set on something like Valve's Steam Deck or
           | ASUS's ROG-Ally consoles could be repurposed for some sort of
           | reasonably ergonomic chorded-text input.
        
         | totetsu wrote:
         | I guess this was an inspiration for this character
         | https://lain.wiki/wiki/Nezumi
        
       | jarpineh wrote:
       | I sometimes wonder if chorded keyboard would be better for
       | controlling the computer and keeping better posture against RSI
       | issues. Not to mention more compact space compared to full
       | keyboard. I seem to remember from a recording of the demo (and
       | few writings on subject) that the keyset and mouse were used
       | together for more powerful effect than either one alone.
       | 
       | What I haven't found out is how well a multilingual writer could
       | use these. Do the chords rely on properties of particular
       | language, like English. Does the chord order follow from how
       | often you write letter a instead of x. Would another language be
       | adaptable to same chords, or do you need to make an optimized
       | version?
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Douglas Engelbart used a straightforward binary encoding scheme
         | for the chord keyset:
         | 
         | Engelbart Explains Binary Text Input. Douglas Engelbart
         | explains to co-inventor, Valerie Landau, and some blogger how
         | binary can be used for text input.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB_dLeEasL8
         | 
         | Engelbart: Think about if you took each finger, and wrote a one
         | on this one, a two on this one, a four on this one, and a
         | sixteen on this one. And every combination would lead clear up
         | to sixty three.
         | 
         | And so writing here like this the alphabet: A... B... C... D.
         | E. F. G, H, I, JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43454343
         | 
         | The commercially available "TapXR" input device also functions
         | as a mouse and gestural pointing device! It's a wearable tap
         | glove that functions as both a bluetooth keyboard and mouse. I
         | haven't tried it yet though, but it looks really cool.
         | 
         | https://www.tapwithus.com/
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdm8FcsKeoM
         | 
         | A WRISTBAND THAT REPLACES Your Keyboard, Mouse & Handheld
         | Controller TapXR was designed to help humans adapt to the next
         | generation of personal computing.
         | 
         | A Unified Way To Interact With Your PC, Smartphone, Tablet,
         | SmartTV, Projector, VR, AR & XR
         | 
         | 80+ Words Per Minute
         | 
         | Input up to 10 characters a second with just one hand or go
         | even faster with two.
         | 
         | 150+ Customizable Commands
         | 
         | Remap any finger combination into your favorite shortcuts,
         | triggers, key-binds and commands
         | 
         | 2500+ Tap Layouts
         | 
         | Enjoy thousands of user-created Language, Utility, Coding,
         | Production & Gaming TapMaps - or make your own!
         | 
         | 8 Hours of Battery Life
         | 
         | Get a full day of input on a single charge. Only 1 hour to
         | recharge from zero to full!
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | My previous post about an earlier version from about 7 years
         | ago:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17122717
         | 
         | DonHopkins on May 21, 2018 | prev | next [-]
         | 
         | I just ran across a new device called "Tap", a wearable tap
         | glove that functions as both a bluetooth keyboard and mouse!
         | 
         | https://www.tapwithus.com/
         | 
         | I've had any "hands on" experience with the Tap, but it looks
         | very cool, like a modern version of Douglas Engelbart's and
         | Valerie Landau's HandWriter glove!
         | 
         | I asked Valerie Landau about it (wondering if it was her
         | company), but she hadn't heard of it before.
         | 
         | They have an iOS, Android and Unity3D SDK that appeared on
         | github recently, so you can look at the code to see how it
         | works:
         | 
         | https://github.com/TapWithUs
         | 
         | Does this look legit? Has anybody tried it?
         | 
         | If it works as advertised, I'd love to develop TapPieMenus that
         | you can use in VR, mobile, desktop computers, and everywhere
         | else!
         | 
         | I'm excited about the possibility of creating easy to use, fast
         | and reliable pie menus for Tap that users can fully customize,
         | and use with one hand in the same way that Douglass Engelbart
         | described you could do with two hands using a mouse and a
         | chorded keyboard:
         | 
         | >"Well, when you're doing things with the mouse, you can be in
         | parallel, doing things that take character input. And then the
         | system we had, it actually gave you commands with characters,
         | too. Like you had a D and a W, and it says, "you want to delete
         | a word", and pick on which word, and click, it goes. M W would
         | be move a word. Click on this one, click on that one, that one
         | could move over there. Replace character, replace word,
         | transpose words. All those things you could do with your left
         | hand giving commands, and right hand doing it."
         | 
         | It would be cool to have some tactile feedback, so the tutorial
         | could train you to type out letters by vibrating your fingers
         | with a piezo buzzer or something, and maybe it could even
         | secretly spell out silent invisible messages to you while you
         | were wearing it! And you could feel a different silent finger
         | "ring tone" depending on who was calling you, then tap to
         | answer to discard the call, or stroke with a TapPieMenu to send
         | a canned reply.
         | 
         | enobrev on May 22, 2018 | parent | next [-]
         | 
         | LinusTechTips posted a decent review of the Tap a few weeks
         | ago:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/8za_4g5zCOM
        
           | jarpineh wrote:
           | Whoa. Thank you for the info dump. I'll see about making use
           | of these.
           | 
           | That Tap device has moved from fingers to wrist, I see. Sadly
           | it's out of stock. Plus getting niche devices outside US is
           | expensive and warranty probably doesn't work.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.tapwithus.com/product/tap-xr/
           | 
           | Edit: that LTT video makes a good case for the device, if
           | only in typical 'tube fashion.
        
         | rhet0rica wrote:
         | As Don Hopkins sort-of says--the original chording keyboard
         | (and most later units) just had you inputting a binary number,
         | which would be added to 64 to get an ASCII codepoint. No
         | attempt was made to optimize for letter frequencies in English
         | at this stage of design--A was one key (00001) but E was two
         | (00101).
         | 
         | Engelbart's style of chording keyboard barely escaped the
         | Anglosphere. But a related invention, the stenographic
         | keyboard, did; these are used for court reporting and live
         | television captioning. They introduce a very different strategy
         | for inputting text--operators of these input one full syllable
         | at a time, phonetically, and the machine interprets the
         | pronunciation according to a dictionary; thus in English the
         | most common errors are homophones, which can be revised later
         | from context. It requires quite a lot of training and practice
         | to be proficient with them, and they are extremely language-
         | specific.
        
           | 6SixTy wrote:
           | Braille typewriters are also very much like Stenography,
           | except Braille is actually designed to replace reading &
           | writing rather than transcribing speech.
           | 
           | Though Braille does use two dots for E and one for A, with
           | mostly the same letter frequency in both it's native French
           | and English.
           | 
           | Also very much surprised his keyboard didn't fit into either
           | ASCII nor EBCDIC encoding. Granted, both of those barely
           | existed at the time but still.
        
           | jarpineh wrote:
           | Yeah, I have probably conflated the two technologies
           | somewhere along the way. And if I had read all the way to the
           | footnotes of the original article I'd have found the keyset's
           | chords. They do are counting in straight binary, going from
           | a-z in order. Add mouse buttons for modes to get uppercase,
           | numbers and what not. Interesting really that such a simple
           | scheme worked.
        
         | ipv6ipv4 wrote:
         | I would hazard a guess that it would make RSI worse because it
         | minimizes the kinds of hand motions to operate it. Alleviate
         | RSI with a keyboard by constantly changing the position of your
         | hands on the keyboard - the exact opposite of touch typing
         | dogma. Pecking at your keyboard is healthier.
        
           | jarpineh wrote:
           | I'm no health expert, only an expert practitioner of my
           | hands. Mostly I keep changing keyboards and positions. That
           | small chorded keyset can be set to more natural positions and
           | moved at will to wherever you can reach. You ostensibly don't
           | need to even look at it. I'd assume you would be looking
           | between the chord sheet for directions and what you're
           | actually writing... A device like this Tap thing, which is
           | attached to your fingers or wrist, allows even more freedom.
           | 
           | As for mouse, well, I guess a trackball is easier to move
           | about, stick to chair arm or something. Touchpad might work
           | also, but you require more estate for precision and gestures.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Doug Engelbart's advice to a young software developer [video]
       | (youtube.com)
       | 
       | 183 points by DonHopkins on May 21, 2018 | hide | past | favorite
       | | 39 comments
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17121629
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ig8ecXlrA
       | 
       | Valerie Landau interviewed by Martin Wasserman
       | 
       | DonHopkins on May 21, 2018 | prev | next [-]
       | 
       | I found this incredibly interesting stuff on Valerie Landau's
       | youtube channel of Douglass Engelbart, her mentor. The videos
       | have apparently been viewed only a few times, but they deserve
       | much more attention, because the ideas presented are so important
       | and relevant today!
       | 
       | She was a long time friend and collaborator with Doug Engelbart,
       | and she was responsible for transferring the 1968 film of The
       | Mother of All Demos from film to video so it could be preserved.
       | She tracked him down and interviewed him, and after airing the
       | interview, he asked her to help him articulate his vision to
       | share with the world, which she's been working on since then.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/user/islandeweller/videos
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Landau
       | 
       | Valerie Landau is an American designer, author and educator. She
       | serves as Director of Assessment at Samuel Merritt University
       | where she designed a software application that facilitates
       | analysis and assessment of how effectively an organization is
       | meeting their goals and objectives at course, program and
       | institutional levels.
       | 
       | She has filed two patents along with her colleague and mentor
       | Douglas Engelbart. Their most recent patent (filed April 2010)
       | describes multitouch interface for chorded text entry. The new
       | patent is inspired by Engelbart's early work developing the
       | Chorded keyboard. They also released an application for the
       | iPhone for chorded texting called "TipTapSpeech".
       | 
       | Engelbart and Landau also collaborated on writing the book "The
       | Engelbart Hypothesis: Dialogs with Douglas Engelbart" along with
       | co-author Eileen Clegg.
       | 
       | Landau is also a co-founder of Program for the Future, a non-
       | profit organization that promotes Engelbart's vision of
       | Collective Intelligence. She also is author of the seminal book
       | on online education "Developing an Effective Online Course" and
       | earned the "Online Pioneer" award.
       | 
       | Landau, also known for her work in multimedia at Round World
       | Media and for her work mentoring students in a three-year project
       | studying and applying the Engelbart Hypothesis. and created an
       | online archive of Engelbart related events and videos.
       | 
       | She is an instructional and interaction designer and has worked
       | on many award-winning projects, educational games and online
       | courses.
       | 
       | In addition, she leads high level research delegations to Cuba.
       | 
       | Valerie Landau interviewed by Martin Wasserman
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ig8ecXlrA
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | Engelbart Explains Binary Text Input. Douglas Engelbart explains
       | to co-inventor, Valerie Landau, and some blogger how binary can
       | be used for text input.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB_dLeEasL8
       | 
       | Engelbart: Think about if you took each finger, and wrote a one
       | on this one, a two on this one, a four on this one, and a sixteen
       | on this one. And every combination would lead clear up to sixty
       | three.
       | 
       | And so writing here like this the alphabet: A... B... C... D. E.
       | F. G, H, I, JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | Engelbart Using HandWriter. Douglas Engelbart demonstrates early
       | prototype of The HandWriter with Valerie Landau.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5wAD2aji3Q
       | 
       | Q: So whose ideas was the glove?
       | 
       | Engelbart: I invented actually a separate keyset with the five
       | keys, and her idea, you can make a glove to do that.
       | 
       | Q: And what's the advantage of using a five key chording system?
       | 
       | Engelbart: Well, when you're doing things with the mouse, you can
       | be in parallel, doing things that take character input.
       | 
       | And then the system we had, it actually gave you commands with
       | characters, too.
       | 
       | Like you had a D and a W, and it says, "you want to delete a
       | word", and pick on which word, and click, it goes. M W would be
       | move a word.
       | 
       | Click on this one, click on that one, that one could move over
       | there. Replace character, replace word, transpose words.
       | 
       | All those things you could do with your left hand giving
       | commands, and right hand doing it.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | iChord: Clips from video of Eric Matsuno & Valerie Landau showing
       | their new iPhone app to Douglas Engelbart. To Douglas C Engelbart
       | and Bill English, and to Karen Engelbart, Roberta English and
       | Mary Coppernoll. Present in spirit but not in molecules were:
       | Evan Schaffer and Dr. Robert Stephenson.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XXdnu5n9vI
       | 
       | So we're going to be able to be configurable for whoever's hand.
       | [...] Go ahead and give it a try: so swiping it down puts it in
       | the history, and swiping it left takes the last ...
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | Andres Types His Name
       | 
       | Andres writing his name on TipTap late on a Saturday night. I
       | arrived home after a party and found him typing on TipTapSpeech.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WI88q7coEY
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | This final silent video is chock full of photos and memories of
       | Douglass Engelbart's friends and family, drawings, whiteboards,
       | posters and brainstorming sessions!
       | 
       | Memories with Douglas Engelbart: Photos from my work with Douglas
       | Engelbart creating a Educational Networked Improvement Community
       | Engelbart and working with Eileen Clegg on the writing of the
       | book the Engelbart Hypothesis: Diaglogs with Douglas Engelbart.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPnsWKikS_w
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17122591
         | 
         | DonHopkins on May 21, 2018 | root | parent | next [-]
         | 
         | I'll write a blog post about it soon, but I was hoping to
         | benefit from other people's comments and links from discussing
         | it here first. (You could accuse me of "crowd sourcing" my blog
         | post, but I'd like to think of it as applying collective
         | intelligence! ;) ) "The key thing about all the world's big
         | problems is that they have to be dealt with collectively. If we
         | don't get collectively smarter, we're doomed." -Douglass
         | Engelbart, Intelligence in the Internet Age, New York Times,
         | 9/19/05
         | 
         | https://collectiveiq.wordpress.com/2015/12/03/great-doug-eng...
         | 
         | Or as the great philosopher Linda Richman said:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiJkANps0Qw&feature=youtu.be...
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17121632
         | 
         | DonHopkins on May 21, 2018 | prev | next [-]
         | 
         | Valerie Landau interviewed by Martin Wasserman
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ig8ecXlrA
         | 
         | Q: Some people will have to change their normal method of
         | thinking?
         | 
         | A: I think today, Aday really summed it up, that one of the
         | things about collective intelligence means that we really have
         | to start looking at ways that we can collectively share
         | knowledge. And one of the problems with that is there are no
         | good tools for sharing massive quantities of knowledge. So it's
         | very hard to stay on top of things. So Doug's methodology
         | creates maps and new ways of displaying data that we have not
         | explored. So that we can really see large amounts of data,
         | large amounts of knowledge, put them into structured arguments,
         | so what he means by structure -- and maps, so that people can
         | literally see what exists now and create very rapidly stragies
         | -- both long term strategic planning, as well as tactical
         | planning -- to address the issues that are confronting us.
         | 
         | Q: Does this assume that if people have the same information
         | they'll all come to the same conclusions?
         | 
         | A: No, not at all. What it means that you will be able to look
         | at data and make intelligent conclusions based on the best data
         | we have currently. Because right now there is a lot of good
         | data that is currently not available to the people who are
         | making the decisions. He was saying that this was a dynamic
         | knowledge repository and it was about allowing people to have
         | an intelligence quotient. In other words, he saud that the
         | infrastructure that you have to support a society determines
         | the capability of that society. Just because we have all these
         | capable tools doesn't necessarily mean that we'll behave
         | intelligently, but it does allow us the chance to behave
         | intelligently. So by improving our infrastructure, we're
         | improving our intelligence QUOTIENT, not our actual
         | intelligence. Just like the same people who are intelligent
         | sometimes make bad choices, even though they're capable of
         | making a better choice.
         | 
         | Q: Now you say that Doug was interested in solving the most
         | urgent problems of humanity. What type of problems was he
         | referring to?
         | 
         | A: He was definitely referring to things like Global Warming,
         | issues around water, food, hunger, war, corruption was very
         | high on Doug's list. He also followed very closely the work of
         | the Millinenium Project, and so often times he would cite
         | whatever they had cited. He would often cite those same issues.
         | 
         | Q: Do you think his vision was going to become a reality at
         | some point?
         | 
         | A: I think yes, if I didn't I don't think I would have spend
         | the last 30 years following it.
         | 
         | Q: What did you find most impressive about him as a person?
         | 
         | A: His humility. He was such a humble man, and his
         | steadfastness of keeping his vision. Often times leaders like
         | Doug, who many people call a prophet... In our society, we tend
         | to think of the leaders as these sort of charismatic, ambitious
         | people, and I think that Doug really broke that mold, in that
         | he was a very humble, really shy person.
         | 
         | Q: Do you have any last minute comments or observations about
         | him to finish up. Or a good anecdote?
         | 
         | A: I think -- I wanted to say one thing that Doug told me many
         | years ago. And this is really for the software developers out
         | there. Once, this was in the 90's. And I said, Doug, Doug, I'm
         | just started to get involved with software development, and we
         | have this really cool tool we're working on. Do you have any
         | advice, about ... for a young software developer. He looked at
         | me and said:
         | 
         | "Yes. Make sure that whatever you do is very modular. Make
         | everything as module as possible. Because you know that some of
         | your ideas are going to endure, and some are not. The problem
         | is you don't know which one will, and which one won't. So you
         | want to be able to separate the pieces so that those pieces can
         | carry on and move forward."
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17121705
           | 
           | Douglas C. Engelbart: A Profile of His Work and Vision: Past,
           | Present and Future. Prepared by Logitech, October 2005.
           | 
           | https://www.logitech.com/lang/pdf/Engelbart_Backgrounder.pdf
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17122581
           | 
           | DonHopkins on May 21, 2018 | prev | next [-]
           | 
           | Valerie Landau recommends this web site about Douglass
           | Engelbart's life and work, with chapters from her book: The
           | Engelbart Hypothesis: Dialogs with Douglas Engelbart
           | 
           | https://engelbartbookdialogues.wordpress.com/
           | 
           | Valerie Landau and Eileen Clegg spent years in dialog with
           | Douglas Engelbart and wrote a book distilling those dialogs.
           | It is available as on ebook on Amazon
           | 
           | In addition, the book chapters are on this blog.
           | 
           | Today, we invite you to share your thoughts and memories of
           | Douglas Engelbart who passed away last night.
           | 
           | Add your stories to the Remembrances: Doug Engelbart page
           | 
           | ----
           | 
           | The Engelbart Hypothesis: Dialogs with Douglas Engelbart
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/The-Engelbart-Hypothesis-Dialogs-
           | eboo...
           | 
           | Centuries of silo thinking and win-or-die ideological and
           | economic competition have finally generated a global crisis.
           | Now either we collaborate on a global scale to solve the new
           | global problems, or we won't survive. The technology is
           | available to do so. Billions of intelligences are waiting to
           | participate. How do we bring the two together? We are at a
           | decision crossroads. And as this book vividly demonstrates,
           | Doug Engelbart as been there all along, waiting for us with
           | the answer.
           | 
           | Emmy-Award Winning Historian James Burke --Email to the
           | authors
        
             | nosrepa wrote:
             | The mother of all comment chains.
        
       | jntun wrote:
       | I've recently been reading lots of books about 50/60/70s
       | computing & especially the San Francisco element of it, so I've
       | been watching Engelbart's demo myself on and off for the last few
       | weeks. It really is amazing being "close" to all this time of
       | history, even if the only way we can interact with it is over USB
       | nowadays!
       | 
       | Tiniest footnote correction but not only were the desk & offices
       | designed by Herman Miller; the chair Engelbart is sitting on
       | during the demo was also specially designed by Herman Miller!
        
         | dfc wrote:
         | Can you share some of the titles about computing in the 50-70s?
        
           | ecliptik wrote:
           | I've been reading The Innovators[1], which includes early
           | computing history, just finished the section on The Mother of
           | all Demos yesterday coincidentally.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Innovators_(book)
        
           | jntun wrote:
           | Of course!
           | 
           | What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped
           | the Personal Computer Industry [2005]
           | 
           | Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer
           | Age [2000]
           | 
           | Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their
           | Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a
           | Date [1996]
           | 
           | Palo Alto [2023] (This is more for capturing the full scope
           | of San Francisco / Palo Alto since the founding of California
           | as a state)
           | 
           | Those are some off the top of my head right now being away
           | from my library, probably also the most impactful to me in no
           | specific order.
        
           | pmcjones wrote:
           | The Dream Machine by M. Mitchell Waldrop
           | 
           | Computing in the Middle Ages by Severo Ornstein - https://wor
           | rydream.com/refs/Ornstein_2002_-_Computing_in_the...
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _Engelbart 's demo also featured an input device known as the
       | keyset, but unlike his other innovations, the keyset failed to
       | catch on._
       | 
       | Chording keyboards were popular among the "wearable computing"
       | researchers (who then went on to work on things like Google
       | Glass). For example, the Twiddler.
       | 
       | One advantage of them is that you only need one hand to operate
       | it.
       | 
       | And some designs mean you can simultaneously hold it with that
       | same hand, without a steady surface.
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | chording keyboards are still extremely popular among the blind,
         | after all, chording is how you type Braille. They appear on
         | everything from mechanical Braillers of the 1950's[1], to
         | modern, electronic Braille displays and notetakers. Input
         | methods based on this concept and adapted for the touch screen
         | are even built in to both iOS[2] and Android[3].
         | 
         | [1] https://wecapable.com/perkins-brailler-braille-typing/
         | 
         | [2] https://support.apple.com/en-us/101637
         | 
         | [3] https://blog.google/products/android/braille-keyboard/
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | >[...] but unlike his other innovations, the keyset failed to
         | catch on.
         | 
         | I'm sad that he and others like Ted Nelson and Brett Victor
         | would rightly say that his most important innovations have so
         | far failed to catch on. But there's still time to raise
         | awareness and make them real!
         | 
         | Ted Nelson's Eulogy for Douglas Engelbart
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMjPqr1s-cg
         | 
         | >Ted Nelson's emotional and moving eulogy for his friend
         | Douglas Engelbart. Given at the Computer History Museum in
         | Mountain View, CA, on December 9, 2013.
         | 
         | An Homage to Douglas Engelbart and a Critique of the State of
         | Tech:
         | 
         | https://archive.nytimes.com/bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/1...
         | 
         | >You don't need me to tell you that Douglas Engelbart was one
         | of the greatest men of all time. We gather today, in pretense
         | of unanimity and concord, to croon over Doug's ashes and grab
         | for scraps of his robe.
         | 
         | >Everyone here will of course say they are carrying on his
         | work, by whatever twisted interpretation. I for one carry on
         | his work by keeping the links outside the file, as he did.
         | 
         | >Some are no doubt here to cheer and march behind the mouse, as
         | in the opening of the Mickey Mouse TV Club of yore. Let them be
         | happy in that celebration.
         | 
         | >But the real ashes to be mourned are the ashes of Doug's great
         | dreams and vision, that we dance around in the costume party of
         | fonts that swept aside his ideas of structure and
         | collaboration.
         | 
         | >Don't get me wrong, the people who gave us all those fonts
         | were idealists too, in their way -- they just didn't
         | necessarily hold a very high view of human potential.
         | 
         | >I used to have a high view of human potential. But no one ever
         | had such a soaring view of human potential as Douglas Carl
         | Engelbart -- and he gave us wings to soar with him, though his
         | mind flew on ahead, where few could see.
         | 
         | > Like Icarus, he tried to fly too far too fast, and the wings
         | melted off. [...]
         | 
         | Doug and Karen Engelbart marry Marlene and Ted, May 2012:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsKFbwLeS1k
         | 
         | >Poignant ceremony with sweet pledges, at the Marin Civic
         | Center. Ann and Bill Duvall are co-celebrants. Underexposed and
         | streaky, but the event is the important thing. (Battery ran out
         | before the final verdict. Other camera was far away.)
         | 
         | A few words on Doug Engelbart:
         | 
         | https://worrydream.com/Engelbart/
         | 
         | >Doug Engelbart died today. His work has always been very
         | difficult for writers to interpret and explain.
         | 
         | >Technology writers, in particular, tend to miss the point
         | miserably, because they see everything as a technology problem.
         | Engelbart devoted his life to a human problem, with technology
         | falling out as part of a solution. When I read tech writers'
         | interviews with Engelbart, I imagine these writers interviewing
         | George Orwell, asking in-depth probing questions about his
         | typewriter.
         | 
         | >Here's the most facile interpretation of Engelbart, splendidly
         | exhibited by this New York Times headline:
         | 
         | >"Douglas C. Engelbart, Inventor of the Computer Mouse, Dies at
         | 88"
         | 
         | >This is as if you found the person who invented writing, and
         | credited them for inventing the pencil. (This analogy may be
         | more apt than any of us are comfortable with.)
         | 
         | >Then there's the shopping list interpretation:
         | 
         | >His system, called NLS, showed actual instances of, or
         | precursors to, hypertext, shared screen collaboration, multiple
         | windows, on-screen video teleconferencing, and the mouse as an
         | input device.
         | 
         | >These are not true statements. [...]
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The original chording keyboard was from Baudot, around 1897.[1]
       | The original plan was for the sender to send 5-bit teletype
       | characters with a 5-bit keyboard. This was deployed, not just a
       | prototype.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co33197...
        
         | pests wrote:
         | Here is a great run down of that history:
         | 
         | https://computer.rip/2024-02-25-a-history-of-the-tty.html
         | 
         | Early versions had to be mechanically synced at the sending and
         | receiving side. The typists had strict timings so the other end
         | could receive it. This led to a version of punch cards that
         | could be pre-typed and then fed in automatically, reducing the
         | skill needed of the operator. The linage to teletypes were
         | almost obvious.
         | 
         | Very good read, don't want to spoil too much.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | The form of a keyboard had to be invented. Early printing
           | telegraphs used a piano-like keyboard, with white and black
           | keys.[1]
           | 
           | (Keeping both ends in sync was a huge problem. The machine
           | shown was synched by having the sending operator send
           | AAAAAAAAA while the receiving operator made adjustments. If
           | the machines got out of sync, the receiving operator opened
           | the line switch, which stopped local echo at the sending end.
           | Then both ends had to repeat the AAAAAAAAA drill.
           | 
           | It took a long time, from 1846 to 1907, until Howard Krum
           | finally came up with a mechanism that didn't have sync
           | problems. Krum had the advantage that steel and stamping were
           | available. The clock industry had figured out how to mass-
           | produce mechanisms. Mechanism design then got out of the
           | handmade brass era. This was, in its day, an advance
           | comparable to going from tubes to ICs.)
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJCfhbPAv9c
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Mandatory XKCD.[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://xkcd.com/1234/
        
       | KennyBlanken wrote:
       | Chorded keyboards always seemed like an ergonomic nightmare -
       | every keystroke is now multiple fingers having to move. You're
       | multiplying the repetitive action...
        
       | adminm wrote:
       | I'm sure there's a (mythical at the moment) device just waiting
       | to "disrupt they keyboard industry"
       | 
       | It's crazy that most of us are effectively using a fancy
       | typewriter. Qwerty layout dates 1874, clocking in at just over
       | 150 years of age.
        
         | brandonmenc wrote:
         | We already did.
         | 
         | It's called the mouse.
        
           | adminm wrote:
           | You type faster with your mouse than keyboard?
        
       | GregDavidson wrote:
       | I regularly use my Twiddler with my Android phone. It allows me
       | to fully operate all the applications I use on my desktop
       | computer, e.g. Emacs. https://www.mytwiddler.com/
        
         | nanna wrote:
         | Even Emacs? Do say more...
        
           | mcshicks wrote:
           | I have a twiddler and tried doing this a long time ago i.e.
           | emacs with a twiddler. For me I really needed to use a sticky
           | cntl and alt key because I just couldn't press the cntl
           | button on the top and chord at the same time. And I couldn't
           | figure out how to make the sticky cntl work on the phone. But
           | that was a very long time ago. Now I just use a mini bt
           | keyboard and termux to run emacsclient over ssh and that's
           | good enough for what I want.
        
       | vagab0nd wrote:
       | It's cool. But it's missing the 411/305Hz sawtooth. Last year I
       | tried to setup my vim to play these beeps in normal/edit modes
       | and on some key presses. It was quite fun but I wasn't able to
       | play a long lasting sound like in the demo.
        
       | peteforde wrote:
       | I urge you to consider using an RC network with a hex inverter to
       | debounce your switch input without resorting to a 100ms delay.
       | I've wasted enough hours to know that the best kind of software
       | debounce is a few resistors and capacitors.
       | 
       | https://mayaposch.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/d...
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | I feel like the diode in this schematic is the wrong way around
         | for a normally open switch: it speeds up the keyrelease event
         | when the switch opens instead of the keypress event when it
         | closes.
         | 
         | But I think the 100ms delay Ken mentions was intended for a
         | different purpose: to wait for all the fingers in the character
         | to be detected. I think a much better approach would be to wait
         | for one of the keys to be released before registering a
         | character. Isn't that what Engelbart did? I suspect this
         | timing-based approach explains why Ken found it so difficult to
         | use.
         | 
         | As I understand it, Baudot's original chording keyboard instead
         | mechanically locked the keys down until the character was
         | transmitted over the telegraph line. The telegrapher had time
         | to enter his next character while the system was transmitting
         | the characters of his colleagues, interleaved with his own at a
         | fixed baud rate.
        
           | peteforde wrote:
           | Oh, that (waiting for all fingers to be detected) does indeed
           | change how I would approach the scenario, and blew past me in
           | my initial reading.
           | 
           | That all said, even with 100ms cycles I would hardware
           | debounce the inputs, capture the keystrokes with an ISR to
           | set some semaphore variables, and then create a 100ms loop
           | that checks the current value (and resets) those semaphore
           | variables.
           | 
           | Eliminating switch bounce allows far more elegant software
           | handling of the values you're reading, so Ken could turn his
           | attention and development energy towards things like sliding
           | time windows (100ms starting from the first keydown, for
           | example) instead of trying to boil the ocean cancelling
           | bounces.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Yeah, the 100ms wait after stability probably avoids any
             | need to debounce. You need to debounce if you want to
             | detect both keypress and keyrelease events reliably,
             | though.
             | 
             | For mass-production products it's cheaper to add 100 lines
             | of code to your firmware than to add a resistor to your
             | PCB, much less a diode, capacitor, and two resistors, but
             | for prototypes and low-volume designs it's less clear.
             | 
             | WRT ISRs, plausibly in this case the microcontroller can
             | just poll instead of using interrupts. You probably don't
             | mean "semaphore"; semaphores are a blocking construct, and
             | if there's one thing you can't do in an ISR, it's block.
        
               | peteforde wrote:
               | You're right, I should have chosen better words.
               | 
               | I merely meant setting a flag bit from 0 to 1, later to
               | be picked up by your loop. Since actual semaphore was
               | communicated with flags...
               | 
               | I have yet to see the perfect software debounce
               | algorithm. I've come to believe that it is a Sisyphean
               | task. Meanwhile, Schottky diodes are extremely well-
               | suited to the task.
               | 
               | You might consider 100 lines worth of complexity to make
               | a switch work to be free, but I won't lose any sleep
               | believing otherwise.
        
       | spit2wind wrote:
       | Obligatory mention of the Plover stenography engine:
       | https://www.openstenoproject.org/plover/
       | 
       | So far most boards seem to be made in the US. Anyone making them
       | in Europe or elsewhere?
        
       | piyushgupta53 wrote:
       | this is such a great read!
        
       | vietjtnguyen wrote:
       | Custom mechanical keyboard firmware like QMK [1] and ZMK [2]
       | support custom chords called "combos". Basically if the combo's
       | set of keys is hit (within some timeout which defaults to 50 ms)
       | then a specific keycode is sent. You then get a fun game of
       | identifying low probability combos and mapping then to useful
       | keycodes. You also start realizing there's some prime real estate
       | to take advantage of. Two-key combos require some thought cause
       | bigrams can be surprisingly common. Three-key combos are
       | basically open though.
       | 
       | In migrating from the ZSA Voyager to a 36-key keyboard (Chocofi)
       | I've relied on combos as I don't like overloading keys with tap-
       | versus-hold behavior as I can never get the timing down. For
       | example my left index, middle, and ring finger mashed down on the
       | home row (resting position) is escape in my current layout
       | (Colemak mod DK which means keys R, S, and T). It's three fingers
       | but hardly any extra effort. I've managed to do away with a
       | symbol layer and have been quite happy with the result. If anyone
       | is curious here is my "36-key training layout" for the ZSA
       | Voyager [3] and my current Chocofi layout [4].
       | 
       | 1: https://docs.qmk.fm/features/combo
       | 
       | 2: https://zmk.dev/docs/keymaps/combos
       | 
       | 3: https://configure.zsa.io/voyager/layouts/d7L0v/latest/0
       | 
       | 4: https://github.com/vietjtnguyen/zmk-
       | chocofi/blob/main/config...
        
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