[HN Gopher] The polar vortex is hitting the brakes
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The polar vortex is hitting the brakes
        
       Author : bryanrasmussen
       Score  : 244 points
       Date   : 2025-03-22 19:31 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.climate.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.climate.gov)
        
       | rohan_ wrote:
       | from March 6th
        
         | jay_kyburz wrote:
         | yeah, did it happen or not?
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | What are the odds that NOAA has been forbidden to write
           | anything about climate since this was posted?
        
             | lwansbrough wrote:
             | Is the author still employed?
        
             | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
             | That's the beauty of the current chaos-driven model. No
             | explicit marching orders required. Just let it be known
             | that inconvenient facts/actions can be punished at any
             | time. Self-censorship takes care of the rest.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | But how do you own the libs if they just start doing what
               | you want? How does that make any sense? No retribution,
               | no payoffs, nothing?
               | 
               | Nope, the firings will continue until America is made
               | great again.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Half-disagree: Firings aren't their goal (nor,
               | demonstrably, are cost-savings.)
               | 
               | The goal is coercive power over a culture. Firings are
               | just one tool in the toolbox.
               | 
               | ______________
               | 
               | Tangentially, loyalty-oaths are another case where the
               | purpose goes beyond the immediate effect.
               | 
               | Fascists presenting an allegiance-or-else choice aren't
               | extending any of _their own_ trust to affirmative
               | pledges. They _know_ it 's coerced, and the fact that
               | everybody else knows it too is a feature, not a bug.
               | 
               | Why? Because the real goal is not to create trust for
               | themselves, but to _destroy it for everyone else_. To
               | survive the purge, victims must scar their own
               | reputations, making it harder for anybody--even other
               | victims--to trust them in the future.
               | 
               | Ex: Even if I'm totally certain Mr. Smith was lying to
               | the fascists when he pledged loyalty to keep his job,
               | there's a "damaged goods" aspect: Would he lie _to me_ if
               | his job was threatened again? What other compromises
               | might he make to other threats from authority?
        
               | ericfr11 wrote:
               | Despotism does not lead to greatness. Instead we will
               | have big Corps (oil, pharma...) owning, benefiting, and
               | hiding public knowledge. Even China does better these
               | days
        
           | ChuckMcM wrote:
           | I wondering if the authors were laid off from NOAA.
        
           | frereubu wrote:
           | From the dates on https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs
           | it looks like this is / was a roughly weekly post, so it
           | might take a while if you're waiting for them specifically.
        
           | pc486 wrote:
           | I'm not an expert, but it looks like the predicted wind
           | reversal did occur.
           | 
           | In the article there's this figure:
           | https://www.climate.gov/media/16838
           | 
           | The March 13th 10hPa forecast with the wind reversal and lobe
           | is visible on measured data: https://earth.nullschool.net/#20
           | 25/03/13/2100Z/wind/isobaric...
        
       | zeagle wrote:
       | Interesting article. We are past the usual -20 or lower six weeks
       | where I am so feels like a typical year. If I choose a random
       | northern place like Rankin Inlet NU it is still cold up there
       | with a low of -33 tonight.
       | 
       | It is a sign of the times when I think huh, climate.gov... is
       | that a reputable source?
        
         | jMyles wrote:
         | .gov sources being disreputable is not new. My generation grew
         | up with the food pyramid.
         | 
         | The silver lining is that understanding of this disrepute is
         | nearing universality.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | The food pyramid is notable _because_ it was so wrong for so
           | long, which is very unusual. Most gov agency science is
           | actually quite good .
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | sorry - the US Federal Forest Science has been a dumpster
             | fire in the Sierra and other areas.. arrogant, wealthy,
             | immovable and it turns out, dangerously misguided plus very
             | willing to enforce their worldview.
             | 
             | In another comment there are bitter words about the nature
             | of Monarchy, but it appears that it does not require a
             | Monarchy to get things badly, seriously wrong.
        
               | jMyles wrote:
               | Indeed.
               | 
               | In case you've not read it, I suggest this brilliant
               | compilation of interviews about fire management practices
               | of indigenous nations in California; the degree of
               | documented anthrogensis is much higher than I imagined
               | prior to reading.
               | 
               | https://tendingthewild.com/tending-the-wild/
        
         | mmaunder wrote:
         | Probably is. NOAA and other gov sources help us predict things
         | like clear air turbulence related to the jet stream. One
         | probably doesn't want to politicize those kinds of predictions
         | too much or risk scraping passengers and their dinners from
         | ceilings.
        
           | wonnage wrote:
           | I doubt that'll stop the current administration from trying,
           | even unintentionally
        
           | ketzo wrote:
           | There were a bunch of headlines last week about DOGE firing
           | half of NOAA then rehiring them. I don't think you should
           | consider anywhere sacrosanct.
        
             | transcriptase wrote:
             | To be fair there have been a bunch of headlines about a
             | great many things, like office closures without mentioning
             | the minor detail that the offices haven't been used in
             | years, the workforce is remote, and there is no impact on
             | service delivery or staffing. Doesn't stop journalists from
             | dancing around the implication if it makes the orange man
             | and mars man look bad though.
        
               | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
               | Yeah? Is that why this list went from 400+ to 10?
               | 
               | https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/real-estate-
               | services/real-pr...
               | 
               | Are these the journalists you have an issue with for
               | reporting on it?
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/gsa-federal-buildings-doge-
               | fbi-do...
        
               | guelo wrote:
               | how do you know that the offices haven't been used in
               | years and there is no impact unless a journalist told
               | you? Is there any reason to trust rando twitter accounts
               | besides the fact that it makes you feel better about
               | "your side".
        
               | dingnuts wrote:
               | he probably just believes a source that didn't turn out
               | to be directly funded by the US government, one you would
               | likely dismiss as not a real journalist
               | 
               | I'm all for free media but the legacy outlets currently
               | screaming about cuts are primarily upset because THEY
               | just lost a ton of government funding but that's good
               | because I don't want government run news, even if it
               | comes in a bunch of brand names, and it's funny that all
               | the "reputable" outlets just happen to be the ones with
               | the closest relationships to the CIA and FBI and
               | historically have covered for their worst injustices.
               | 
               | no, I do not shed a tear for what is happening to the old
               | government controlled legacy media.
        
               | DrillShopper wrote:
               | > he probably just believes a source that didn't turn out
               | to be directly funded by the US government
               | 
               | One probably sponsored by the Russian government:
               | https://apnews.com/article/russian-interference-
               | presidential...
        
               | ForOldHack wrote:
               | Simple. There is photographic evidence, and eyewitness
               | accounts, by a celebrated journalist ego happens to be a
               | friend of mine.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Musk is suddenly a fan of remote work?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Musk is suddenly a fan of anything that directly benefits
               | him even if it directly contradicts previously made
               | comments. I thought this was pretty much self-evident at
               | this point
        
               | arunabha wrote:
               | I think you're trying to impart a political motive where
               | it can be argued that none existed. I understand that
               | _your_ mind is made up, however consider that the whole
               | initial effort by DOGE was clearly poorly planned and
               | resulted in a _lot_ of chaos.
               | 
               | For a journalistic perspective, when events are moving
               | fast, you report what is known at a given time.
               | 
               | Hindsight is always 20/20 and no doubt there are some
               | cases like you point out. However, are you sure that
               | those are the _only_ cases? The fact that the govt is
               | scrambling to hire back fired people would suggest
               | otherwise.
               | 
               | The desire to impute political bias to everything is not
               | a useful way of viewing the world.
        
               | ForOldHack wrote:
               | It is a realistic and accurate way to see the
               | politicization of climate science. Bush, and the head of
               | NASA Goddard is the documented and publicized example
               | sans vacuum of disinformation.
        
             | chneu wrote:
             | Most of those people are silent quitting or refusing to go
             | back to work.
             | 
             | This applies across the board to these firings/rehirings.
             | Why would anyone go back to work for real when you know
             | you're just gonna be fired again?
        
               | cdblades wrote:
               | > Most of those people are silent quitting or refusing to
               | go back to work.
               | 
               | Come on, you know you can't just throw that out. Support
               | your claim.
        
           | daveguy wrote:
           | I would have said the same about the postal system, but DeJoy
           | has been fn around with it for years.
           | 
           | If you doge it, you can sell a private version.
        
             | ericfr11 wrote:
             | US science will go down big time. Big Corp (oil, pharma,..
             | ) will get richer
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | "Big corp" will be massively harmed in the medium term,
               | like everyone else. The NIH is critical for the pharma
               | industry, and the USGS is critical for natural resource
               | extraction industries (etc.). Blowing up federal agencies
               | _might_ juice profits for a quarter or two, but even that
               | is pretty questionable /risky. If the whole economy goes
               | into recession, many basic resources obtained from
               | overseas get taxed, retaliatory tariffs slam US exports,
               | many Americans lose jobs and whole regions lose
               | industries, etc., it's generally bad for companies
               | selling things.
               | 
               | Biggest potential winners are anyone willing to directly
               | pay the President a kickback for massive corrupt payments
               | from the government, anyone facing severe legal liability
               | for past illegal actions who can buy a get-out-of-jail
               | card, and foreign autocrats who want the US to stop
               | protecting its own interests.
        
               | ashoeafoot wrote:
               | There are no vibrant monarchys or aristocracys or
               | oligarchys. What do these people think everyone fled from
               | Europe to the us for? In a monarchy everything fouls and
               | rots.. look a trumps buianesses, the us is his last
               | casino to bankrupt..
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Are you sure the NIH is critical for the pharma industry?
               | Pharma companies generally conclude that replication
               | rates of academic grant funded medical research are so
               | low as to not be worth bothering with. From Amgen:
               | 
               |  _" Over the past decade, before pursuing a particular
               | line of research, scientists (including C.G.B.) in the
               | haematology and oncology department at the biotechnology
               | firm Amgen in Thousand Oaks, California, tried to confirm
               | published findings ... scientific findings were confirmed
               | in only 6 (11%) cases. Even knowing the limitations of
               | preclinical research, this was a shocking result."_ [1]
               | 
               | and from Bayer:
               | 
               |  _" To mitigate some of the risks of such investments
               | ultimately being wasted, most pharmaceutical companies
               | run in-house target validation programmes. However,
               | validation projects that were started in our company
               | based on exciting published data have often resulted in
               | disillusionment when key data could not be reproduced.
               | 
               | only in ~20-25% of the projects were the relevant
               | published data completely in line with our in-house
               | findings
               | 
               | Surprisingly, even publications in prestigious journals
               | or from several independent groups did not ensure
               | reproducibility
               | 
               | Our observations indicate that literature data on
               | potential drug targets should be viewed with caution_
               | 
               | If the stream of research that came out of NIH-grant
               | funded work was genuinely useful, venture capitalists
               | would be falling over themselves to commercialize it. In
               | reality [3]
               | 
               |  _[Atlas Venture partner] Booth said that the "unspoken
               | rule" among early stage VCs is that at least 50% of
               | published studies, even those in top-tier academic
               | journals, "can't be repeated with the same conclusions by
               | an industrial lab. Atlas now insists on external
               | validation studies of a new company's basic science as a
               | precondition to further investment."_
               | 
               | He went on to say that the NIH should have higher
               | standards and do more to vet the data. That never
               | happened. He also said that due to the low quality of NIH
               | output, _" there's such a scarcity of venture firms
               | willing to take on early work, you rarely find yourself
               | having to jump in quickly."_
               | 
               | That was 15 years ago. There was no serious effort to
               | improve, and VCs are still much more interested in
               | computing startups than biotech.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/483531a
               | 
               | [2] https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd3439-c1
               | 
               | [3] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/scibx.2011.
               | 416#pre...
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | I'm not well enough versed in the level of
               | commercialization of NIH research. But even assuming it
               | was all trash, currently that's where all of the
               | commercial researchers come from - NIH funds research at
               | universities, that funds grad students through their
               | practicum, and provides a candidate pool for Pharma.
               | whether or not the current system for producing
               | researchers is optimal, there doesn't seem to be another
               | candidate lying around.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | >"Big corp" will be massively harmed in the medium term
               | 
               | Most big corps are run for the short term. Management's
               | biggest concern is how the market will react to results
               | in the next few quarters.
        
           | ZYbCRq22HbJ2y7 wrote:
           | In the 2025 Presidential Transition Project, a number of
           | members of the current administration proposed eliminating
           | NOAA completely.
           | 
           | https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/25/second-trump-
           | term-0...
           | 
           | Based on the way things have been going, that seems to be the
           | goal.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA_under_the_second_presiden.
           | ..
        
             | chneu wrote:
             | It's absolutely the goal. There has been a push from places
             | like weather.com to privatize much of NOAA for years.
             | 
             | Noaa's free information is really good so it makes the
             | playing field a bit too level for private companies. They
             | don't really offer a substantially better product than NOAA
             | so it makes their product less valuable.
             | 
             | A few years ago we had a company reach out to us saying
             | they could give us hyper-localized forecasts for our ultra
             | endurance events. After our first event using them I
             | checked their data against NOAA. Surprise, their data was
             | far less accurate than weather.gov.
             | 
             | Every private weather service is using NOAA's dataset and
             | then tweaking it or adding their own data. All of them.
        
           | joezydeco wrote:
           | Too late! NOAA's budget is getting slashed and they're
           | stopping weather balloon launches, starting with the plains
           | states. Good luck with those turbulence forecasts!
           | 
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2025/03/21/wea.
           | ..
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | That's not what the poorly written article actually says.
             | They are launching one baloon a day instead of two. You
             | might think the article is being intentionally misleading
             | with working like, "NWS issued a public information
             | statement announcing that is is temporarily suspending the
             | frequency of weather balloon launches at some of Weather
             | Forecast Offices".
        
           | ForOldHack wrote:
           | Dinners were the least of the problems that Bush's admin had
           | with NASA Goddard. It was the climatology, and long term
           | predictions.
        
         | leke wrote:
         | Disclaimer
         | 
         | Climate.gov's Polar Vortex Blog is written, edited, and
         | moderated by Amy Butler (NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory) and
         | Laura Ciasto (NOAA Climate Prediction Center), with editorial
         | and graphics support from the Climate.gov team (NOAA Climate
         | Program Office). These are blog posts by subject matter
         | experts, not official agency communications; if you quote from
         | these posts or from the comments section, you should attribute
         | the quoted material to the individual blogger or commenter, not
         | to NOAA or or Climate.gov.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | If they're making the blog posts in their capacity as NOAA
           | employees, on an NOAA web page, wouldn't that imply that
           | these are "official agency communications"?
           | 
           | Or is there some distinction I'm missing?
        
             | hnaccount_rng wrote:
             | Yes, an official agency communication would have to go
             | through deliberations and consensus finding from ~all parts
             | of NOAA, most blog posts will only have the input of those
             | experts. While that will mostly not lead to significant
             | deviations since all of the discussed areas are subject to
             | scientific rigour there is always the human nature of all
             | actors.
             | 
             | Back in university we would publish news entries for all
             | our publications without any input from the university. But
             | for some papers there was also an official press release by
             | the university. That came both with additional restrictions
             | (length, language level, flashiness) but also with
             | additional reach (getting picked up by newspapers
             | directly). I assume that pre-Trump this would have been a
             | similar setup. No guess as to now though
        
         | epicureanideal wrote:
         | > It is a sign of the times when I think huh, climate.gov... is
         | that a reputable source?
         | 
         | Some have been wondering that for years already.
        
       | timzaman wrote:
       | Very interesting article, but since it's 16 days old, seems like
       | quite irrelevant news to hit the frontpage.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | Polar vortex collapse leads to cold polar air mass moving south
         | over the course of the next few weeks. At least where I am,
         | this article is coinciding within a day or so of the end of
         | "fake spring".
         | 
         | In fact, this might help explain the concept of fake spring in
         | general. The final collapse of the vortex is ultimately caused
         | by warming of the northern hemisphere as spring kicks in. This
         | implies that the pattern of "get pretty warm, then the polar
         | vortex collapses, then you get one more surge of winter
         | weather, and then you get real spring" is actually typical.
        
           | xeromal wrote:
           | Had no idea what led to fake spring so thanks for this
           | tidbit!
        
       | downrightmike wrote:
       | Ultimately the Earth will warm up, the ice caps melt, the coasts
       | lose as the seas rise 10m
        
         | mempko wrote:
         | And potentially organized human life collapses
        
           | erikpukinskis wrote:
           | Is that possible? Can you describe the chain of events that
           | would lead to that?
           | 
           | Seems vanishingly unlikely to me, on the face of it, but I
           | admit I am not read up on all the possible doomsday
           | scenarios.
        
             | aorloff wrote:
             | it all started with the invention of Ice9
        
               | ForOldHack wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%27s_Cradle
        
           | nntwozz wrote:
           | Oil wars.
           | 
           | We are killing for guzzoline.
           | 
           | The world is running out of water.
           | 
           | Now there's the water wars.
           | 
           | Once, I was a cop. A road warrior searching for a righteous
           | cause.
           | 
           | My name is Max. My world is fire and blood.
        
         | h4ck_th3_pl4n3t wrote:
         | How great that all large cities in the US are not at the coasts
         | and none of them are even below sea level. Oh, wait...
        
         | ineedaj0b wrote:
         | i see someone didn't enjoy the trip to venice.
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | Not that it changes the outcome, but I swear I remember reading
         | that the majority of sea-level rise actually comes from the
         | thermal expansion of liquid water, not displacement from
         | thawing of ice caps. Can anyone confirm/refute this?
        
           | ForOldHack wrote:
           | https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/resources/lesson-plan/whats-
           | cau...
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I think it's 90m? It's pretty slow though like 1m/century and
         | probably like 50cm this one.
        
       | fredsmith219 wrote:
       | I'm amazed that climate.gov hasn't been taken down yet.
        
         | neuroelectron wrote:
         | Seems like the DOGE cuts were overhyped after all. Honestly,
         | anything connected to Trump is overhyped. He has a protective
         | aura of noise. You're not going to figure out what's going on
         | by just reading headlines.
        
           | sebmellen wrote:
           | They successfully took down large portions of the CFPB site.
        
           | gortok wrote:
           | The damage is real even if the dollar amount of the cuts is
           | overhyped.
        
           | tdhz77 wrote:
           | You offer no evidence, but you have convinced yourself so
           | obviously abstracted from the ground that time will prove you
           | were right. It's a foolish path and I urge you to listen to
           | what is happening. Within the last week government data is no
           | longer accessible to researchers. Long standing government
           | groups and private that study these areas are locked out.
           | Overhyped? No. Like the manager that cuts the budget, gets
           | the raise and sees the fallout much later. Your foolish
           | comment falls flat Carly in line --- there are consequences
           | and they are deadly. Overhyped? No. To suggest a thing is
           | foolish beyond comprehension, it should ruin careers for such
           | a bodacious and absurd point.
        
             | neuroelectron wrote:
             | Palantir seems to be chugging along just fine.
        
               | tdhz77 wrote:
               | Pentagon is next.
        
           | stevenbedrick wrote:
           | I'm here to say that the cuts to the NSF, NIH, DoE (both
           | energy and education) and IRS are not overhyped at all; if
           | anything they are badly underhyped.
           | 
           | What is overhyped is the actual "savings" that they are
           | producing with all of this.
        
             | hallway_monitor wrote:
             | What would you cut? I don't know what I would, but I do
             | know that the United States is heading for a financial
             | apocalypse unless drastic measures are taken now.
             | 
             | I know there's a lot of hysteria around this, but I'm still
             | at the place where I can be optimistic that the US will
             | come out ahead. At least they're doing something besides
             | spending more money and acting like everything's OK. From a
             | long-term financial stability standpoint it's really not.
        
               | righthand wrote:
               | > but I do know that the United States is heading for a
               | financial apocalypse unless drastic measures are taken
               | now.
               | 
               | Do you have proof of this? Otherwise you are spreading
               | propaganda and lies. "We need to cut stuff because the
               | party I support says so" isn't proof of a financial
               | apocalypse and is only fear, uncertainty, and doubt. It's
               | the very hysteria lying in which you refer.
        
               | p_j_w wrote:
               | > I do know that the United States is heading for a
               | financial apocalypse unless drastic measures are taken
               | now.
               | 
               | Asserted without evidence, dismissed without evidence.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > What would you cut?
               | 
               | Were I concerned about fiscal balance, I wouldn't view
               | cutting as the best way to solve the problem, I would
               | raise high-end taxes.
               | 
               | > I do know that the United States is heading for a
               | financial apocalypse unless drastic measures are taken
               | now.
               | 
               | Insofar as that's true, it is a direct result of the
               | actions taking thus far this administration, not
               | something they are correcting--and not through fiscal
               | imbalance causing wider problems but by a broad economic
               | collapse directly (which, because the broad economy
               | drives revenue, has fiscal balance problems as a second
               | order impact.)
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | It's worth noting that this "financial crisis" (which I
               | disagree with) has been brought on by Republican
               | governments. Bill Clinton left a budget surplus which is
               | the easiest way to pay down the debt.
               | 
               | Secondly, if I had to cut something, the obvious target
               | is the military. (Oh boy, ring on the downvotes there...)
               | But hear me out.
               | 
               | Firstly, the adventures in Afghanistan and Iraq cost more
               | than the current debt. With pretty much zero achieved.
               | Focusing less on projecting power, and more on self-
               | defense might deliver better returns.
               | 
               | Of course the military budget can't (and wont) be cut
               | because it's not about the military. It's a carefully
               | controlled jobs program that moves money from the federal
               | piggy bank to pretty much every district in the nation.
               | So it becomes a game of "cut x, but not y, because y is
               | made in my district. It's easier to cut less-specific
               | programs (like Medicare) because that isn't district
               | specific.
               | 
               | Then again maybe the tide has turned, and they could cut
               | military spending. The CHIPS act funneled tons of money
               | to Florida and yet Floridians hated it.
        
               | hallway_monitor wrote:
               | Thanks to you and GP for a reasoned response.
               | Appropriately taxing the wealthy is 100% something we
               | also need to do and yes, I am skeptical that the current
               | administration will move in that direction. Ditto cuts to
               | the monstrous military industrial complex.
               | 
               | I think I'll refrain from responding to the more
               | inflammatory replies but what really sounded the
               | financial alarm for me personally was this talk [1] given
               | to the house on February 5th by Arizona rep David
               | Schweikert. He makes a really compelling case about the
               | dire state and future of the government's financial
               | position. If indeed I have been hoodwinked as other
               | comments seem to think, I am open to being convinced
               | otherwise. But this talk is well documented, and seems
               | like a plea from a man who is desperate to sound the
               | alarm so we can prevent disastrous consequences for
               | millions of people in this country.
               | 
               | [1] https://youtu.be/TCyysMU66VA?si=Fjhx2xgYZ0upkxeo
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | Alas I can't watch the YT link right now, so I can't
               | comment on that.
               | 
               | However I will point out that the goal of the current
               | "effeciency drive" has nothing to do with the deficit. I
               | confidently predict that the deficit will be larger, not
               | smaller, at the end of this administration. Primarily
               | driven by tax cuts on the aristocracy.
               | 
               | While personally I don't think the deficit number is
               | terribly concerning (it behaves very differently to
               | personal debt) its interesting to note that Republicans,
               | not Democrats are responsible for most of it.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Talk of "financial alarm" for a government with monetary
               | sovereignty is specious. It will mislead you into
               | analyzing government finances as if they were household
               | finances, whereas governments use newly created money
               | rather than going bankrupt. And for our government, this
               | really just means less newly created money going directly
               | into private pockets.
               | 
               | It's only this martingale of the "Federal Reserve"
               | neutering the government's own monetary sovereignty that
               | has even allowed for this "debt" narrative. The part of
               | government debt that is owed to private parties is
               | essentially _savings accounts_ for institutions and other
               | countries who believe that USD will hold future value
               | better than other assets. The other part of the
               | government debt that is owed to a different branch of
               | government (Federal Reserve) is nothing more than a sham
               | accounting measure to support the political martingale.
               | 
               | The actual threat is the global demonetization of the US
               | dollar because the US is no longer in a leadership
               | position when all of our industrial, scientific,
               | military, foreign outreach, law enforcement, etc
               | institutions have been destroyed. It won't matter whether
               | the "budget" is balanced if/when foreign countries are
               | offloading US Treasuries. That's the real threat, and
               | "our" "leadership" is now in the process of outright
               | facilitating that destruction.
        
               | telephone4 wrote:
               | I don't think you understand how money works. Federal
               | debt doesn't matter beyond its relationship to taxes and
               | inflation. The US needs to raise taxes and address
               | inequality through _greater_ investment in public
               | services and infrastructure, as well as stronger
               | regulations on consumer goods pricing, not less.
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | > _Federal debt doesn 't matter beyond its relationship
               | to taxes and inflation_
               | 
               | Much like household debt doesn't matter beyond it's
               | relationship to household income?
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | National debt and household debt are very different
               | things, because most households aren't able to print
               | money
        
               | marsovo wrote:
               | Macroeconomics is very different from microeconomics.
               | Your spending is my income and my spending is your
               | income. If the government spends a dollar, where does it
               | go?
               | 
               | Presumably it goes to some sort of goods and services.
               | The employees pay income taxes. The businesses pay
               | corporate taxes. And so on.
               | 
               | Similarly, when a business lays off 10,000 people, it's
               | not their problem anymore. Whereas from a macroeconomic
               | policy perspective, "everybody" is the government's
               | responsibility.
        
               | abootstrapper wrote:
               | > What would you cut?
               | 
               | Nothing. Tax the billionaires.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | It wouldn't raise enough money. Probably better to say:
               | "Tax the multi-millionaires", or even people who earn
               | more than 1M USD per year.
               | 
               | What if we change the tax code such that passive income
               | (capital gains, dividends, coupon payments, etc.) is
               | taxed at a higher rate than active (employment) income?
        
               | josephcsible wrote:
               | > What if we change the tax code such that passive income
               | (capital gains, dividends, coupon payments, etc.) is
               | taxed at a higher rate than active (employment) income?
               | 
               | Doing so by lowering the active income rate wouldn't
               | raise more money, and doing so by raising the passive
               | income rate would kill investment and job creation and
               | send us into a depression.
        
               | gortok wrote:
               | That already seems to be happening. Business leaders with
               | capital are actively trying to replace workers with AI or
               | offshoring; so what would be the extra damage from
               | codifying that we want folks to put their money here?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > I do know that the United States is heading for a
               | financial apocalypse unless drastic measures are taken
               | now.
               | 
               | The people you get your news from are lying to you,
               | trying to get you to sell out your future to their
               | profit.
               | 
               | The economic issues we're facing right now were created
               | by the current administration installing heavy taxes on
               | imports while simultaneously creating a nationwide shock
               | with federal spending. This is like declaring that you
               | should save money and doing so by not paying your rent,
               | skipping the doctor, and pushing your car into the sea.
               | 
               | If we rolled back to January 19th, when the economy had
               | been growing steadily and all signs projected that trend
               | to continue, the long-term problems still weren't
               | catastrophic. The primary problem was that Republicans
               | broke our balanced turn of the century budget when they
               | cut tax rates and started a couple of recreational wars,
               | setting a pattern which has continued where we're told
               | that we have to give up things the public benefit from
               | because the alternative of rich people paying taxes a few
               | points higher is too miserable to even consider. That
               | debt is a concern, but not as a fraction of the massive
               | American economy - it's like the difference in medical
               | concern between noticing that you're gaining 10 pounds a
               | year versus 10 pounds in the last week.
               | 
               | The reason the lying about the crisis has ramped lately
               | is that some of the tax cuts which racked up trillions of
               | additional debt in Trump's first term expire this year
               | and others in 2028, but the Republicans want to cut taxes
               | even further. It's mathematically impossible to do that
               | without unpopular cuts to things people like, such as
               | Medicaid or children's health insurance (CHIP), which is
               | why they're trying to distract with gross exaggerations
               | of the currently-negative DOGE savings and trying to
               | manufacture this air of impending disaster so people
               | don't think there's a choice. While the choice is no
               | longer as easy going back to Biden's economic growth, it
               | could simply be letting tax rise to the levels we had
               | 20-30 years ago when the economy was thriving.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | If your plan doesn't include passing bills through
               | Congress that increase tax revenue and cut popular social
               | entitlement programs, it is not targeting this problem.
               | 
               | A few dudes firing a bunch of people entirely through
               | executive action has absolutely nothing to do with the
               | financial problem you're worried about. The federal
               | payroll is not a significant cost, and the executive
               | branch doesn't control the budget.
               | 
               | It is no different than a magician doing misdirection.
               | It's up to you whether you want to buy the act.
        
               | stevenbedrick wrote:
               | First of all, I don't accept the a priori premise that
               | cutting is needed. But if I _did_ want to cut, I would
               | want to have an actual plan for how to figure out what
               | could be cut and what tradeoffs were involved, and then
               | to execute that plan in way that balanced as many
               | equities as possible and was done in a way that followed
               | some sane and transparent process (as well as relevant
               | laws).
               | 
               | Part of that might involve being able to show some kind
               | of financial analysis about what was being cut, to
               | justify it and to get buy-in from congress and other
               | relevant stakeholders, and to do the cuts in a way that
               | minimized their impacts, gave everybody who was going to
               | be affected adequate time to be part of the process, and
               | to plan for how to manage their side of the situation.
               | 
               | Needless to say, what we are seeing now is... none of
               | those things.
               | 
               | A good example of what a saner process might look like
               | would be the federal workforce reductions that followed a
               | big analysis on government efficiency that Al Gore and
               | his team led during the first Clinton presidency; look up
               | the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 to see
               | how it all went down. They spent six months making a
               | plan, then got it through congress to fund buyouts (it
               | passed with major bipartisan support).
        
         | kulahan wrote:
         | I honestly figured it'd be one of the first. That being said,
         | France, UK, and USA are all moving towards more nuclear power.
         | It might be at the point where it's no longer possible to
         | pretend we care about solar/wind, and can no longer
         | realistically ignore climate change.
         | 
         | I've been saying for years that we'd know when governments were
         | finally getting scared of climate change because we'd see real,
         | very fast moves to install nuclear and, if possible, enhanced
         | geothermal.
        
           | OKRainbowKid wrote:
           | I don't understand why acknowledgment of climate change would
           | lead to nuclear over solar/wind.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | There are no "unsolved problems" for nuclear (because the
             | safe storage of fissile waste for 10k years isn't a problem
             | we need to solve, apparently). By contrast, getting
             | solar+wind fully up and running requires totally solving
             | the storage problem. Plus the libs love it. Hence ...
             | nuclear.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | > because the safe storage of fissile waste for 10k years
               | isn't a problem we need to solve, apparently
               | 
               | We never solved it for the other material that we dug up
               | and burned (coal). So coal ends up emitting a ton of
               | radioactive waste because uh when you dig up the ground
               | you also dig up radioactive uranium (there's no 100% pure
               | carbon deposits).
               | 
               | It's also only a self-inflicted problem. You can
               | technically re-use the waste until it only needs to be
               | stored for ~300 years before it decays to "normal"
               | levels. The US doesn't allow you to do that though while
               | say France does.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > We never solved it for the other material that we dug
               | up and burned (coal).
               | 
               | Oh yes. Having fucked up this badly with long chain
               | hydrocarbon combustion, lets do it all over again with
               | fission, because ... well, we did it once already, right?
        
               | tnecio wrote:
               | The orders of magnitude are different here. Replacing
               | something that becomes a huge problem within two hundred
               | years with something that (potentially) becomes a problem
               | in a few thousand years -- really is better than spending
               | valuable time on developing an "ideal" solution
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else has any truly
               | authoritative knowledge on when (or if) fissile waste
               | will become a problem, and if it does, just how large
               | (time, space, populations, ecosystems) of a problem it
               | will be.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Fissile waste has been a health problem _even before_
               | first mining uranium in the DRC well before WWII.
               | 
               | Hanford has a standing legacy problem of fissile waste
               | from both weapons and energy work.
               | 
               | * https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-
               | fuel-c...
               | 
               | * https://www.icanw.org/hanford_s_dirty_secret_and_it_s_n
               | ot_56...
               | 
               | Human activity aside, every valley with a substantial
               | amount of granite rock about the planet pools with radon
               | gas on a daily basis until the wind clears it out.
               | 
               | While this is just one of those things that's a risk on
               | the order of a pack a day smoking habit to those who live
               | there, radon is a fission by product from the breakdown
               | of the uranium within the granite.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I read this as just an attempt to rationalize fissile
               | waste issues as "more of the same". Maybe you truly feel
               | comfortable doing that, maybe you see it as something
               | else.
               | 
               | I, in contrast, view the development of fission-based
               | nuclear mechanisms (whether for explosives or for power
               | generation) as a distinct break with the past, and a
               | point in human history where an entirely new problem was
               | brought into being. And not just a new problem, but one
               | that would last longer than any human civilization has
               | ever lasted.
               | 
               | So, to me, you comparison of envionmental radon issues
               | with the problems posed by storing and managing the waste
               | produced by fission reactors is ... well, I scarely have
               | words for it.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | I spent a few years in exploration geophysics.
               | 
               | You stated "[No one] has any truly authoritative
               | knowledge on when (or if) fissile waste will become a
               | problem".
               | 
               | I informed you that fissile waste is already a big
               | problem at multiple sites across the planet, several US
               | sites and Russian sites more so than anywhere else, and
               | has been a problem for > 50 years.
               | 
               | You're welcome.
               | 
               | > you comparison of envionmental radon issues with the
               | problems posed by storing and managing the waste produced
               | by fission reactors is ... well, I scarely have words for
               | it.
               | 
               | That's clearly a minor aside .. you ignored the 70+
               | tonnes of plutonium waste at Hanford.
               | 
               | Billions have been spent dealing with it to date and
               | there's much left to do and spend to clean up that one
               | site.
               | 
               | Don't strawman the issue, it's a large problem and there
               | are tomes on the subject filling shelves.
               | 
               | Humans do need to deal with radioactive waste, this
               | includes the large dams of radioactive waste created as a
               | by product of rare earth and lithium processing.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > I, in contrast, view the development of fission-based
               | nuclear mechanisms (whether for explosives or for power
               | generation) as a distinct break with the past, and a
               | point in human history where an entirely new problem was
               | brought into being.
               | 
               | Radiological material that decays after tens of thousands
               | of years is not a unique new problem, for _three_
               | reasons.
               | 
               | First, half life is inverse to radioactivity. The longer
               | the half life, the less radioactive it is. There are
               | isotopes with a half life of a billion years. Human
               | biology requires potassium and natural potassium is
               | radioactive, but it doesn't kill you _because_ the half
               | life is so long.
               | 
               | Second, the material with ten thousand year half lives
               | doesn't actually have to be stored for ten thousand
               | years. Nuclear reactors convert elements into other
               | elements. You put it back into a reactor and it turns it
               | into something with a shorter half life. Meanwhile that
               | process produces energy with which to generate
               | electricity. It's absurd that we're not already doing
               | this.
               | 
               | And third, the half life is a red herring. Traditional
               | long-standing toxic waste from industrial processes
               | doesn't have a half life because it persists _forever_.
               | Plutonium is toxic for thousands of years; heavy metals
               | are toxic until the sun burns out. The fact that it
               | eventually decays is an advantage that propaganda has
               | turned into a problem.
        
               | Krssst wrote:
               | Nuclear waste is a local problem. They're solid not
               | gaseous. GHGs are a worldwide problem.
               | 
               | Years don't matter if climate change puts an end to human
               | civilization.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | > lets do it all over again with fission
               | 
               | You can look at it this way.
               | 
               | Or you could can look at it as we reduced radioactive
               | emissions by switching to nuclear from coal.
               | 
               | Everything has trade-offs. It's not like solar has no
               | side-effects.
        
               | Krssst wrote:
               | Climate change is a decades-order problem. Worst case is
               | end of human civilization.
               | 
               | Waste storage is a problem for once climate change is
               | solved. Worst case is local degradation of environment.
               | 
               | A grid powered almost-fully by nuclear and water is
               | proven feasible by France. A grid almost-fully powered by
               | renewables for a full year in an industrialized country
               | is yet to be seen. Renewables do work well when combined
               | to fossil fuels, but we need to get off them.
               | 
               | The Republicans programs for electricity is completely
               | insane and renewables is a much better alternative than
               | drilling more fossil fuels. Nuclear is more realistic but
               | the political will is not there unfortunately.
               | 
               | > Plus the libs love it. Hence ... nuclear.
               | 
               | One can be supportive of Democrats and liberals while not
               | agreeing with one policy point.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | * Renewable energy sources collectively produced 81% of
               | Denmark's electricity generation in 2022, and are
               | expected to provide 100% of national electric power
               | production from 2030.
               | 
               | * Renewable energy sources collectively produced 75% of
               | South Australia's electricity generation in 2023, and are
               | expected to provide 100% of state electric power
               | production from 2027.
               | 
               | -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Denmark
               | 
               | - https://reneweconomy.com.au/from-zero-to-100-pct-
               | renewables-...
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | These are very likely misleading stats
               | 
               | > Renewable energy sources collectively produced 81% of
               | Denmark's electricity generation in 2022, and are
               | expected to provide 100% of national electric power
               | production from 2030.
               | 
               | This doesn't say anything about how much of Denmark's
               | consumption this covers, only their production
               | 
               | It turns out they import a bunch of their electricity
               | from neighbors
               | 
               | This is a sneaky way to pretend you don't consume fossil
               | fuels
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | These are locations heading for 100% renewable supply in
               | the very near future.
               | 
               | The capital of South Australia is some distance from the
               | border, even further from the Victorian capital
               | (Melbourne) and is weakly linked compared to EU
               | countries.                 In South Australia, the
               | current connection to Victoria allows for just 25 per
               | cent of its maximum demand to imported or exported.
               | "So what that means for South Australia is we have to be
               | a lot more self reliant. And ultimately, South Australia
               | is the test lab for the whole NEM (National Electricity
               | Market,"
               | 
               | Or _exported_ .. SA actually exports a great deal of peak
               | renewable energy, it over produces in the daylight and
               | uses that to charge a battery farm or to feed to the
               | neighbouring state.
               | 
               | The stats are no more misleading than the GP claim this
               | is in response to, namely "A grid powered almost-fully by
               | nuclear and water is proven feasible by France."
               | France derives about 70% of its electricity from nuclear
               | energy, due to a long-standing policy based on energy
               | security.
               | 
               | ~ https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-
               | profil...
        
               | bluefirebrand wrote:
               | > These are locations heading for 100% renewable supply
               | in the very near future.
               | 
               | I don't have a gas powered generator attached to my
               | house. Therefore, if I put a solar panel on my house,
               | then my property would have a 100% renewable supply of
               | electricity
               | 
               | Unfortunately that solar panel wouldn't meet my house's
               | electricity demand, so I would have to import the
               | difference from my local power company. But that doesn't
               | change the fact that on my property the supply is 100%
               | renewable
               | 
               | > Or exported .. SA actually exports a great deal of peak
               | renewable energy, it over produces in the daylight and
               | uses that to charge a battery farm or to feed to the
               | neighbouring state.
               | 
               | Peak generation hours are almost never aligned with peak
               | demand hours. Unless those battery farms are capable of
               | meeting the supply during their peak demand (very
               | unlikely, I don't think there is any country with this
               | sort of battery capacity built), then they must be re-
               | importing electricity from those same neighbors who are
               | still burning fossil fuels (or have other more consistent
               | power supply like nuclear or hydro)
        
               | ars wrote:
               | There is no storage problem.
               | 
               | A breeder reactor plus reprocessing means there is no
               | waste in the first place, and also gives us 100 to 1000
               | times as much usable uranium.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | The "unsolved problem" for nuclear is doing it time- and
               | cost- competitively with solar.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > because the safe storage of fissile waste for 10k years
               | isn't a problem we need to solve, apparently
               | 
               | It literally isn't. There are two known solutions
               | already. The stupid way, which is to put it in a dry hole
               | in a geologically stable desert, and the smart way, which
               | is to use it as fuel because it isn't actually waste
               | anyway.
               | 
               | Neither of these things are currently happening for only
               | one very specific reason: The global fossil fuel industry
               | (including Russia) lobbies against them because they want
               | to retain a piece of political rhetoric to argue against
               | replacing fossil fuels with nuclear.
               | 
               | But that's a self-solving problem, because if you
               | actually do replace fossil fuels with nuclear then the
               | fossil fuel industry goes away, stops lobbying against
               | anything, and then you can use either of the known
               | solutions. Which means we'd only have to store the
               | material for a few decades until that happens. The
               | solution to _that_ is what we 're already doing at
               | existing reactors, which is largely to keep the spent
               | fuel rods at the power plant.
               | 
               | It may also give you some indication of the scale of the
               | problem to realize that you can hold all of the spent
               | fuel ever generated by a reactor that has been in
               | operation for decades on the site of the reactor itself.
        
             | matthewdgreen wrote:
             | There seems to be a delusional part of the Internet that is
             | convinced that nuclear is the only future, and solar and
             | wind aren't. To settle this, you basically need to look at
             | what China is doing --- which is to build a lot of nuclear
             | and then exponentially more solar and wind. We're a huge
             | percentage of the way down the slide to a mostly renewable
             | world with storage, and some nuclear at the edges.
             | 
             | But it isn't a competition. I'd be just as happy if things
             | were going the other way. Having a clear mental model of
             | the world is just useful.
             | https://cleantechnica.com/2024/01/12/nuclear-continues-to-
             | la...
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | > There seems to be a delusional part of the Internet
               | that is convinced that nuclear is the only future, and
               | solar and wind aren't.
               | 
               | "Exponentially more" means literally nothing. 1 is also
               | an exponent.
               | 
               | China is building literally everything. It's also a
               | geographically diverse country, with wide ranges of
               | different climates. Solar is appropriate for Hainan, but
               | makes little sense for Harbin.
        
               | tfourb wrote:
               | Have a Look at the statistics, before nitpicking. Solar
               | and wind dwarfs nuclear in China and increasingly so.
        
               | ForOldHack wrote:
               | "Once again, China's nuclear program barely added any
               | capacity, only 1.2 GW, while wind and solar between them
               | added about 278 GW."
               | 
               | Dwarfs is the most apt description. (~250x)
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | Nope. The devil is in the details.
               | 
               | You're looking at the nameplate capacity. However, for
               | solar the actual capacity factor can be anywhere from
               | 10-25% of that. So you're looking anywhere from ~25-70GW
               | of the average capacity. Nuclear reactors can operate at
               | 90-95% capacity factors.
               | 
               | And the unsolved problem is storage. Right now, solar can
               | partially replace natural gas and, to a lesser extent,
               | coal.
        
               | tfourb wrote:
               | Even considering the capacity factor solar and wind still
               | grows by 60x compared to nuclear. And storage is no
               | longer an ,,unsolved problem". You could manage the
               | current grid with current chemical battery technology,
               | levelized cost of electricity of that solution is cheaper
               | than nuclear. And foreseeable technical advances will
               | improve that while no comparable development is on the
               | horizon for nuclear.
               | 
               | The real tricky thing will be stuff like chemical
               | processes that depend on hydrocarbons, but nuclear is no
               | help for that.
               | 
               | Nuclear didn't deliver on an every revolution in the 50s
               | and it won't today. It's nice for submarines and to have
               | an industrial base to build bombs but it inherently can't
               | solve the world's energy demands.
        
               | zamadatix wrote:
               | I don't get all that either, though I don't mind if
               | nuclear is the future we'd just need to let go of the
               | brakes on it. The other thing to look at is overall
               | growth of each type - China is going ham on wind, solar,
               | hydro, and nuclear yet they've still had to increase the
               | total amount of power generated by coal, oil, and gas
               | anyways. Graphs always predict something like https://www
               | .eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2017.09.27/main.png but we
               | really always end up with https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi
               | kipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ch...
               | 
               | Whatever the cheapest (clean) option deployable is people
               | should be wanting to throw it in as fast as we can until
               | we actually hit a technology limit with its usability
               | instead of worrying it won't be able to get us to 100% or
               | not. Instead, the conversation tends to read like we've
               | already succeeded in deploying clean energy fast enough
               | and we should stop looking or that we are still looking
               | for a technology which can cut our current emissions and
               | waiting for an answer. Neither are true, we're still
               | burning more fossil fuels during the day. The US at least
               | managed to hit break even growth in electricity
               | generation https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
               | /a/aa/US_Elect... even after stalling nuclear outputs but
               | there's still a lot to go there all the same. I'm not as
               | familiar with Europe.
               | 
               | About the only stances I've been able to make sense of
               | (even though I don't personally agree with them) are the
               | concern nuclear is a step back rather than a step forward
               | and that's why we shouldn't deploy it and the people that
               | just want the cheapest power regardless of source.
               | Everyone else doesn't seem to have a reason to worry
               | about "what" as much as "how to deploy more" for the
               | moment. The dirtier power tends to be the one that's
               | easier to spin up/down very rapidly anyways - "keep the
               | capacity for now and just run it less when you can" is
               | still a great thing.
        
             | qball wrote:
             | Because it's the one green solution that actually works as
             | base load (other than hydroelectricity, but that's terrain-
             | dependent), works 24/7 without any other affordances, and
             | doesn't open you up to dependence on other nations to
             | anywhere near the same degree.
             | 
             | Solar and wind are only cheap because a foreign nation
             | makes the parts (if they were made domestically they
             | wouldn't be cost-competitive, obviously). So in 20 years,
             | when your PV panels are degrading and your turbines are
             | wearing out, that foreign country's going to be able to
             | charge you a lot more to replace it.
             | 
             | And if you want to see the results of cheap industrial
             | inputs becoming expensive one only need look at the post-
             | Nordstream German/European economic forecast. Even the poor
             | should be able to afford to keep the lights on and the A/C
             | running once the sun has set.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | One minor counterpoint;
               | 
               | Solar panels won't start degrading in 20 years. Their
               | degrading is linear and starts when you install them. As
               | a very rough guide you can think of it as 1% per year.
               | 
               | The 20-year horizon therefore is not fixed. It's just a
               | round number. There's a point at which it makes sense to
               | add panels (or replace them if you are space
               | constrained.)
               | 
               | Once large numbers of panels start getting replaced you
               | may see them reused in space-available places, or
               | potentially 'reconditioned' to extend their life. Think
               | of it as similar to second-hand cars.
               | 
               | Of course if the price keeps dropping these avenues are
               | less attractive. And if you are space constrained there
               | are already space improvements that may make changing
               | desirable well before 20 years.
               | 
               | Finally, lots of things we use are made elsewhere. And we
               | make things others use. By trading our excess for their
               | excess we create a trading relationship where both sides
               | operate in good faith because it is in their advantage to
               | do so.
               | 
               | The current climate, where the US operates in bad faith,
               | and seems intent on damaging trade relationships, does
               | not encourage other countries to behave well in the
               | future (regardless of the motivations you (project?
               | expect?) from them in the future.
        
             | timewizard wrote:
             | I don't understand why people think a diversity of power
             | generation options is somehow not something you would
             | desperately want in the first world.
             | 
             | Your fashion sense is awesome; however, this is
             | engineering, and we need as many options as we can get.
             | There is zero sense in playing favorites here.
        
             | kulahan wrote:
             | Because solar and wind are extremely inefficient and
             | dangerous when compared with nuclear. Nuclear and enhanced
             | geothermal are both closing in on their dream forms (fusion
             | and supercritical fluids), and are already sufficient as
             | they are.
             | 
             | It's not necessarily "over" them, it's that it will get
             | tons of attention because that level of power generation
             | would take wayyyyy too long to build out and take wayyyy
             | too much space before even getting into the fact that
             | neither solution can work anywhere at any time.
             | 
             | Nuclear got a bad rap, but it is way too essential to
             | ignore in this problem we're facing. When the focus shifts,
             | you can tell people are getting serious. Simple as that.
             | 
             | Edit: I did not realize this had somehow become a
             | conservative viewpoint? I am a leftist.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | One of the best things to come out of destroying
           | environmentalism is that we can finally get working on
           | renewable energy instead of being blocked by suicidal
           | environmentalists who find wind farms too ugly.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Environmentalists have been pushing wind, solar, etc. for
             | the last half century. There are a few shortsighted people
             | who oppose wind farms but they represent a large, complex
             | multinational movement in the same way that any one of us
             | represents the tech industry, which is to say not at all.
             | 
             | In many cases, if you look at the complainants it's also
             | reasonable to question whether they're fully honest about
             | their motivations. For example, the big Martha's Vineyard
             | project was backed by the biggest environmental group in
             | the area but by the opposition were people like commercial
             | fishermen and various rich cranks like RFK Jr. and the
             | Kochs who thought the change in view would affect their
             | property values but do not otherwise live lives full of
             | obvious strong environmentalist views.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Environmentalists push renewables the way homelessness
               | activists push housing: It's a great idea if it is near
               | no one, hurts no one's views, impacts zero birds, affects
               | zero animals, and is not built for profit by the rich.
               | 
               | I suppose I could use their terminology, though:
               | responsibly sited, balancing conservation priorities, and
               | protecting local communities.
               | 
               | I recall, in my college years, being told how Real
               | Communism hadn't been tried yet. It seems that Real
               | Communism never did get tried and no matter who tries
               | Communism they never try the good Real variety. After
               | years of watching top environmental organizations
               | repeatedly oppose nuclear power as a whole and renewables
               | often, I think I have to say: Real Environmentalism
               | Hasn't Been Tried Yet. No True Environmentalist Would Do
               | What These Guys Do.
        
               | tfourb wrote:
               | I am an ,,environmentalist" and I'm in full and public
               | Sport of the hundreds of windmills in clear view of my
               | town and the solar on every new residential development,
               | including my own house. As are all other
               | ,,environmentalists" I know.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | I'm comfortable restricting my position to the US. Things
               | may be different elsewhere, even in Canada.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | If you're going to make that kind of sweeping claim
               | representing many different people and groups, I'm going
               | to need to see some data. What you're describing sounds
               | more like the mechanism I described, where rich people
               | use the language of environmentalism to make their NIMBY
               | activities sound less venal but that's saying that those
               | specific people are hypocrites rather than a general
               | commentary on the entire field.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | What evidence would convince you? If I know the bar, I
               | can see if it can be met.
        
             | codr7 wrote:
             | Have you ever lived near wind turbines?
             | 
             | They take quite a toll on both wild life and people living
             | in the area.
             | 
             | And are often abandoned as soon as they don't generate
             | enough profits/are too expensive to maintain, with no one
             | wanting to pay for cleaning up the area.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | > They take quite a toll on ... people living in the
               | area.
               | 
               | How?
        
               | casper14 wrote:
               | Honestly, it's the sound. If you live close enough, it
               | will drive you insane.
        
               | jmb99 wrote:
               | A buddy of mine has two on his property, one within a
               | stones' throw of his house and barns. Not only does the
               | sound not drive him insane, I couldn't hear it (at _all_
               | ), nor any of the other ~600 in the area.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | It depends a lot on geography and (obviously) winds in
               | the area.
               | 
               | I can assure you that it's very real, and very harmful on
               | a daily basis.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | How close were you? I've been on a campus with a wind
               | turbine, don't recall any sound. But I didn't get
               | directly under the thing.
        
               | wingworks wrote:
               | I used to live down the hill from 1, and 99% of the time
               | could hear nothing. But on a lucky day when the wind was
               | in the right direction and right strength, you could just
               | hear a faint woosh woosh woosh.
               | 
               | Personally I liked the sound. But we only had 1, so maybe
               | different with many more. Though never heard the wind
               | farms I've stopped by.
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | Wind, and moving shadows when the sun is behind them.
               | 
               | I find both annoying to live with daily.
               | 
               | And it's not like its a problem that couldn't be solved;
               | I like the idea of wind turbines, just not at any cost.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | No, it won't. This myth was started in the 2000s by Nina
               | Pierpont who was looking for reasons to oppose wind farms
               | near her property but it's been studied repeatedly and
               | there's no credible evidence of any significant impact.
               | Roads are at least as noisy, and have other forms of
               | pollution, but I've never seen the same people call for
               | banning cars.
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-025-04645-x
        
               | codr7 wrote:
               | Right, so people who claim to have this experience are
               | lying, for no good reason.
               | 
               | While people who have a lot to gain from hiding problems
               | with wind turbines are telling the truth.
               | 
               | Isn't that always how it works?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | All of the people advancing those claims also think they
               | have a lot to gain, too. Those claims are hard to
               | evaluate because humans are famously subjective and prone
               | to misattribution, which is why we invented the
               | scientific method. Every high-quality investigation has
               | been unable to find support for them.
        
               | briantakita wrote:
               | This is why many people don't trust "The Science". It's
               | the positivist materialist institutionalist gaslighting.
               | If the conflicted institution hasn't published the
               | opinion or the measurements then it doesn't exist. Don't
               | believe your lying eyes or ears. If you notice
               | somethingnot published, you are automatically wrong. All
               | whistleblowers must be discredited.
               | 
               | Isn't this a tactic of con artists & cult members who
               | have much to gain from public perception & policy?
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | I think you're confusing environmentalists with NIMBYs who
             | use (among others) environmental arguments to argue against
             | projects they don't like.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Scratch an environmentalist and a NIMBY bleeds. I think
               | we've seen the effect in America in general and
               | California in particular. The Sierra Club is against
               | infill housing to protect views.
        
       | Supersaiyan_IV wrote:
       | Doing climate research in Fahrenheit in 2025 gives me second hand
       | embarrassment.
        
         | artursapek wrote:
         | Celsius is useful if you're a beaker of water. Fahrenheit is
         | useful if you're a human.
        
           | inetknght wrote:
           | Nah, Celsius is useful if you're a human. Fahrenheit is
           | useful if you're an American.
        
             | artursapek wrote:
             | 0 is cold as fuck, 100 is hot as fuck. Perfect human scale.
             | Stay jelly
        
               | beAbU wrote:
               | -40 - cold as fuck, 40 - hot as fuck. 0 - shit freezes,
               | better drive carefully.
               | 
               | I don't understand why this is always breought out when
               | farenheit is criticized, as if the 0F-100F thing is the
               | "killer app" for temperature scales.
        
               | artursapek wrote:
               | In what country do people encounter -40 degrees
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | We had a -40F windchill day here in Michigan a few years
               | ago.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | -40degC feels pretty much the same as -40degF
        
               | werdnapk wrote:
               | Because it is the same.
        
               | nukem222 wrote:
               | Russia, canada, sweden, norway, finland, us... probably
               | missing a few. Edit: mongolia too, I think.
               | 
               | curiously, nothing in the southern hemisphere?
        
               | olddustytrail wrote:
               | Antarctica
        
               | zeagle wrote:
               | Parts of Canada for sure. When it's below -35C my garage
               | stored vehicle's cold engine light turns after a bit on
               | while driving!
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | As an American I'm biased, but Fahrenheit matching the
               | 1-100 scale used in so many other things just feels nice.
               | Maps cleanly to 0-1.0 in a float/decimal type in
               | programming which is neat too. Feels less arbitrary even
               | if it actually isn't.
               | 
               | I prefer metric otherwise but for temperature Fahrenheit
               | just "clicks" in ways that Celsius doesn't.
        
               | taberiand wrote:
               | Fahrenheit doesn't match the 1-100 scale, though -
               | Celsius does. 0 water freezes, 100 water boils.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Herr Fahrenheit measured the temperature many times over
               | a period of one year in some town in Germany. He defined
               | 0 degrees as the coldest measurement, 100 the hottest
               | measurement.
        
               | taberiand wrote:
               | Ok but Celsius works wherever you are (adjusting for
               | pressure)
        
               | briHass wrote:
               | Anytime your scale has to go into negative numbers to
               | represent common scenarios, it's not human friendly.
               | 
               | If you're not tying your scale to human-specific temps,
               | why not just use Kelvin? At least that won't go negative.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | 20F is also cold as fuck. 90F is also hot as fuck.
        
             | chrismcb wrote:
             | If you are used to Celsius, sure. But the point the op was
             | making is Fahrenheit was designed with humans in mind and
             | Celsius with the changes of the state of water. Your
             | average person didn't really care what temperature water
             | boils at, just that it is hot.
        
               | nukem222 wrote:
               | > Fahrenheit was designed with humans in mind
               | 
               | If there was a design, it's not clear what the intent
               | was. It seems about twice as precise as it needs to be (i
               | certainly can't perceive 1Fdeg--for all intents and
               | purposes, 70 feels about the same as 69 and 71) and
               | doesn't seem to correlate to any scale that is
               | immediately based off the needs of humans. At least
               | compared to celcius.
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | This is very interesting, because I absolutely can feel
               | one degree F difference in house temperature.
               | 
               | I wonder if using a lower resolution scale dulls the
               | senses like other forms of
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity
        
               | nukem222 wrote:
               | I live in the US and can't change my thermostat, so I
               | don't think that's it.
               | 
               | I'm sure I could feel the difference if i split myself
               | between two rooms with one degree difference. I just
               | don't think this is a useful granularity--I typically
               | move the thermostat by 2-5 degrees at a time.
        
               | throwaway657656 wrote:
               | Farenheit set 100F to be his wife's internal temperature.
               | 0F was the freezing point of brine and humans are mostly
               | brine. F is human centric.[0]
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | So basically, Fahrenheit chose 100degF to be the
               | temperate when he gets hard and 0degF to be the
               | temperature when his wife gets hard?
        
               | technothrasher wrote:
               | He says in his original paper that the top point of his
               | reference scale is 96, not 100 for the point where
               | "Alcohol expands up to this point when it is held in the
               | mouth or under the armpit of a living man in good
               | health". He originally based his scale on 12, and then
               | got more precise by increasing each division by two
               | several times, ending up with 96.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | 0F .. 100F is about the range of temperatures a human
               | living on earth could reasonably expect to experience
               | without deliberate adventuring. It's not a precise range
               | - plenty of people live in Doha (way above 100F) and in
               | Alberta (way below 0F) - but it's a pretty reasonable
               | approximation.
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | I'm not convinced the people of Doha or Alberta would
               | consider their day to day lives adventures
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | My comment ends with a note that "it's a reasonable
               | approximation".
               | 
               | The percentage of global population where the 0F..100F
               | range is not a reasonable approximation of the
               | temperature range they will experience is small. It's not
               | perfect - no such range could, when humans live almost
               | everywhere on the planet. But it's not bad ...
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | No, Fahrenheit was not designed with "humans in mind".
               | 
               | Neither 0F nor 100F are anything special for humans. It's
               | "very cold" long before 0F and "very hot" long before
               | 100F. 50F is nothing special either.
               | 
               | Room temperature is 72F.
        
             | timschmidt wrote:
             | Who needs 2x the effective resolution at human temperature
             | scales? Or useful temperatures without significant digits
             | beyond the decimal?
        
             | mass_and_energy wrote:
             | Agreed, there's a reason most of the world uses it.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | What significance does 0degF have to a human?
        
             | rpastuszak wrote:
             | ?
        
             | asciimov wrote:
             | 0degF was the outside temperature with 40 mph winds (60mph
             | gusts) the time I had to venture to the middle of an empty
             | field to break the ice on water tank with a hatchet so cows
             | could get water.
        
               | fernmyth wrote:
               | I thought at 0degF you're supposed to bring the cows
               | inside! Also at 100degF
               | 
               | I guess it depends on the cows
        
             | bongodongobob wrote:
             | Exactly. Where I live we have temps from -20F to 110F,
             | which is -30 to 43C. Idk, seems to me the hottest normal
             | temp being 90ish and coldest normalish temp at 0 is a
             | decent scale.
        
             | ikiris wrote:
             | It's cold.
        
           | NortySpock wrote:
           | 30 is hot.
           | 
           | 20 is nice.
           | 
           | 10 is cold.
           | 
           | 0 is ice.
           | 
           | Not hard to remember for converting Celsius to how humans
           | typically perceive temperature.
        
             | artursapek wrote:
             | Cool yeah let's compress the entire scale to 0-35 and waste
             | the other 65 up to 100 lol yeah what a great scale
        
               | werdnapk wrote:
               | The "entire scale" has no maximum. So your waste of the
               | Celsius scale from 35-100 is Fahrenheits waste of the
               | scale from 0-32 or whatever you're trying to base your
               | comments on.
        
             | timschmidt wrote:
             | My problem isn't remembering the scale, it's that
             | Fahrenheit offers me double the effective resolution and
             | descriptive accuracy without awkward decimal points in the
             | numbers used.
             | 
             | I like my room at 73F, not 72F or 74F, and I can feel the
             | difference. That's 22.77C. :-/
        
               | ttepasse wrote:
               | My main observation in temperature scale and imperial
               | lengths discussions om the Internet is that Americans
               | seem to have a strange aversion against fractional parts
               | of numbers, as if those were irrational.
               | 
               | (On the other hand a lot of Americans consume fava
               | beans.)
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | Au contraire base 12 measurement is _all about the
               | fractions_. 12 can be divided evenly by 2, 3, 4, and 6.
               | Metric gets 5 and 2. By that measure it's y'all that are
               | afraid of the small numbers.
               | 
               | US units are pinned to Metric standards anyway. We're
               | just using the most creative ratios. :)
        
               | bgnn wrote:
               | Most temperature sensors are accurate to 0.1C. Most
               | weather forecast is 0.5C resolution. So yeah only
               | explanation to Americans behavior is an aversion against
               | fractional numbers as you said.
        
               | briHass wrote:
               | I found this take from 'Torque Test Channel' (tests
               | battery tools) humorous:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QUum9NymZY
        
               | timschmidt wrote:
               | Brilliant and hilarious.
        
               | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
               | American, I think we use fractions all the time: 7/8 inch
               | hardware tools, 3/4 measuring cup in cooking, etc.
               | Especially awkward when you have human distances, because
               | you have to mix feet + inches: 3 feet 4 and 1/4 inches.
               | 
               | It was a dream once I got a metric tape measurer and
               | realized that using centimeters eliminates the need to do
               | annoying conversions.
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | I like my room exactly at 21C. Any F number is Greek to
               | me.
               | 
               | Remembering is more about what you are used to here.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Perceiving temperature involves dew point and relative
             | humidity, not just temperature.
        
             | k_roy wrote:
             | Okay. Or, hear me out.
             | 
             | On a scale from 0-100, you have very cold and very hot.
             | 
             | Or you've got from 0-45. Where 0 is "meh" cold and 45 is
             | incredibly warm.
             | 
             | So you've got a nice little 0-100 scale that all humans are
             | going to experience just living that goes from very cold to
             | very hot.
             | 
             | Or you've got a useless 0-100 scale that the bottom just
             | means freezing, and ignores every pain point of being
             | really cold below that, and anything really greater than
             | 50C only has practical applications in cooking.
        
               | adammarples wrote:
               | 0 isn't the bottom of the celcius temperature scale,
               | there are negative numbers
        
           | typewithrhythm wrote:
           | Humans cannot reliably determine the difference in one degree
           | c, even though it's bigger... Fahrenheit is too fine grained,
           | and has no interesting points relative to the things I
           | interact with. I freeze an boil water often, however
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | This is false. I frequently find myself annoyed at my AC
             | because it only has settings of 72degF and 74degF, and they
             | are a little too cold and a little too warm for me. I want
             | 73degF. When it's around room temperature, you can
             | _absolutely_ tell the difference.
             | 
             | The further away from room temperature, the less we can
             | distinguish. All our senses work logarithmically like that.
        
             | djtango wrote:
             | I grew up during the F to C transition in the UK and F is
             | not intuitive.
             | 
             | 0 = ice 100 = steam
             | 
             | That is pretty intuitive if you ask me. And for gravy
             | comfortable room temp is about 25
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Fahrenheit is sort of intuitive if you think of it as
               | somehow, impossibly, a percentage scale. 0C/32F is still
               | decently comfortable anyway. 0F is, like, not at all
               | comfortable. 100C is dead. 100F is the most unbearably
               | hot temperature that isn't immediately deadly.
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | 100degC is somewhat uncomfortable, and it usually
               | indicates that someone is trying to show off. 80 to 90 is
               | much better. (In a sauna.)
        
               | k_roy wrote:
               | Just curious on what planet you exist where 100C is only
               | "somewhat uncomfortable"
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | It does kinda depend on humidity, fwiw. In New England,
               | the 90's are _hot,_ unpleasant sticky weather.
               | 
               | I guess it doesn't happen often, but I saw some
               | upper-90's temperature in the Portland, Oregon area. It
               | feels relatively mild actually, compared to New England
               | 90's, I'm pretty sure because it is so dry. The lighter
               | air just carries the heat away, rather than having it
               | stick to you.
        
               | hnaccount_rng wrote:
               | I think GP was talking about saunas and not ambient
               | temperature. So 100C not 100F. Still the argument remains
               | the same: Low humidity (and reasonably short durations)
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Oh jeez, I totally missed the C, haha. Silly of me given
               | the topic of the thread.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Our maximum day time tempreture in January 2025 was 113 F
               | ( 45 C ), 12 days or so were over 100 F ( 37.7 C )
               | 
               | http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/202501/html/IDCJDW6136.
               | 202...
               | 
               | This is in the cooler south west corner of a large state
               | ( 3x size of Texas )
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Of course, the experience of heat does depend on humidity
               | as well. But, how was it? It sounds... too hot!
        
               | hnaccount_rng wrote:
               | Fahrenheit is very intuitive if you are in Danzig in one
               | particular year... [0] otherwise.. It's a historic
               | accident. If you want to root your measurement system in
               | human experience your measurement system will be outdated
               | in a couple of decades. Because humanity changes! That
               | way there will always be old/antiquated/historic units.
               | Metric basically accepts that and uses easy to convert
               | units and leaves the intuition forming to the humans
               | gathering the experience
               | 
               | [0] Apparently the story is disputed.. But the way I was
               | taught it was: 100F == typical healthy human and 0 F ==
               | lowest temperature in Danzig in the winter 1708/1709.
               | This makes it (by construction) a more natural fit to
               | human experience (especially one in northern Europe) http
               | s://web.archive.org/web/20131015045624/http://www.deutsc.
               | ..
        
               | oriolid wrote:
               | It's missing one important distinction: Below 0C:
               | Freezing, probably slippery, not raining water. Above 0C:
               | not freezing, probably not slippery, rain comes as water.
               | They are as uncomfortable as you make them.
        
             | y33t wrote:
             | The base units of the metric system are often not very
             | ergonomic. Why is a meter so damn big? And why is a gram so
             | damn small? I can barely detect a gram. And a meter is
             | frickin huge, causing people to usually divide it into
             | hundredths of a meter, which you can hardly picture in your
             | mind unless you already know what it looks like, especially
             | arbitrary counts of cm. Metric's only real advantage is
             | that it shares the same radix as our counting system.
             | 
             | What we really need is a new system of units...
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Using metric has never been an issue in trades or
               | sciences in metric countries.
               | 
               | A metre is much the same as a yard or an adult arm span.
               | Not a problem.
               | 
               | Pretty much all carpentry and cabinet making is done in
               | mm alone, the width of a fat pencil mark.
               | 
               | 1400mm is shy of a metre and a half (1500mm), cross piece
               | spacing might be 300mm (about a foot).
               | 
               | No need to have feet, inches, quarters and thirds mixing
               | up the page, just use mm everywhere.
               | 
               | A gram is fine for small mass measurements, a kilogram is
               | a good unit for heavier masses - very human scale being
               | the same as a litre of water and more or less a litre of
               | milk.
               | 
               | It really comes down to familiarity, there's nothing
               | intrinsically difficult about metric (and much that is
               | more intuitive than odd imperialial units and the whacky
               | intra unit conversion factors).
        
               | dagss wrote:
               | As a metric user: This is about your lack of familiarity.
               | 
               | E.g. can picture lumber expressed in cm or mm very
               | easily. E.g., if you work with beams that are 48mm / 5 cm
               | or 98mm / 10cm a lot then those sizes becomes second
               | nature. Just as easy to picture as 2 inch, 4 inch, 1/2
               | inch, 3/4 inch etc that is in use in US.
               | 
               | And saying that something is 200m away is exactly as
               | intuitive as however many feet that is. A large meter has
               | a usecase.
               | 
               | I feel square metres for houses is very natural unit and
               | square feet sounds awkward (each patch of house area is
               | so small you can do nothing with it, a square metre gets
               | you somewhere..).
               | 
               | Making yet another system of units sounds like massive
               | pain and as someone who are used to metric I see no
               | advantages.
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | As a user of both Imperial and Standard International
               | units, I agree with you.
               | 
               | As a kid, one of my science educators spoke about the
               | many benefits people gain from becoming familiar with
               | basic units. I bought in and did so during the big metric
               | push that happened around that time.
               | 
               | I ended up more familiar with Imperial units.
               | 
               | Then, later in life, I entered a young industry, with
               | strong users of metric, Standard International units.
               | 
               | So I did the work to build familiarity just as I did long
               | ago. Took half a year and today I enjoy the benefits.
               | 
               | And those are:
               | 
               | Ease of understanding unit values meaning in my daily
               | life.
               | 
               | Ease of expression of same to others.
               | 
               | Greater accuracy estimating.
               | 
               | Easier computation and unit checks.
               | 
               | And so on...
        
               | dwighttk wrote:
               | Ah but are 48x98s nowhere near 48mm and 98mms like our
               | 2x4s?
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | We'll be doing it in caves before long, if present trends
         | persist.
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | Why? Celsius is just as arbitrary a choice as Fahrenheit. It
         | brings nothing extra to the table. You might as well complain
         | that tapered pipe threads are in US inches or that astronomers
         | use AUs and light seconds rather than meters.
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | In Science, global standards matter. Such as Metric and
           | Celsius.
        
         | pgkr wrote:
         | What makes you think the research was done in Fahrenheit? This
         | is a blog post by a science communicator who's trying to reach
         | a wide audience of American-English speakers. It stands to
         | reason that they'd use units that their audience is familiar
         | with.
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | So, Kelvin then?
        
           | timeon wrote:
           | Sure, 273.15K +- something.
        
       | AbstractH24 wrote:
       | It's almost like there are better indicators of spring than
       | groundhogs.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | So the thing was Groundhog Day is actually really interesting.
         | The prediction doesn't really have to do with groundhogs but
         | instead has to do with whether it is cloudy or not on Groundhog
         | Day. It's kind of funny about it is that they kinda got it
         | backwards. If you bet against Punxsutawney Phil you'll be doing
         | better than random chance.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | Is this good or bad
        
         | ForOldHack wrote:
         | It's good if you are looking for clearer weather, and bad if
         | you follow the science of stratospheric ozone depletion. (
         | Counter intuitive. )
        
       | xg15 wrote:
       | > _Second, though the impacts of March sudden warmings are very
       | similar to those in mid-winter, spring is coming, so any Arctic
       | air brought down in the US won 't "feel" as cold compared to if
       | it happened in January because we are in a warmer part of the
       | year._
       | 
       | This part seems really handwavey. Could someone explain what they
       | mean with "warmer part of the year" if not air temperature?
       | Increased warming through more sunlight?
        
         | mathgeek wrote:
         | > so any Arctic air brought down in the US won't "feel" as cold
         | compared to if it happened in January because we are in a
         | warmer part of the year.
         | 
         | I read this pretty simply as "March is warmer than January".
         | More hours of daylight, more direct angle, etc. Anyone living
         | closer to the tropics knows that feeling of "it's cold but the
         | sun is out" compared to being further away in winter.
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | Yeah, that makes sense. I was tripped up a bit because "march
           | is warmer" sounds to me like an effect, not a cause - and it
           | becomes paradoxical if there is a massive cold front underway
           | at the same time.
           | 
           | But if they mean, there are other seasonal factors - such as
           | daylight - that counteract the cold spell, which aren't there
           | in winter, it makes more sense.
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | Imaging increased warming from sunlight raising ground and
         | building temperatures probably impacts "felt" temperature quite
         | a bit.
         | 
         | There a few different heat transfer mechanisms, with conduction
         | and radiation being the big ones we care about here. Cold air
         | impacts heat transfer via conduction, but temperature of
         | surrounding surfaces (like buildings and the ground) impacts
         | radiative heat transfer, which makes us a significant portion
         | of your bodies heat transfer into it's surrounding environment.
         | Which is the reason why a clear night is colder than an
         | overcast night. The clouds above reflect a significant amount
         | of radiant energy back at you on a cloudy day, and on a clear
         | night you're directly exposed to cold emptiness of space which
         | will radiate effectively zero heat back at you.
         | 
         | Good place to experience the difference between conduction and
         | radiative heat, is being near a camp fire on a cold night. The
         | camp fire doesn't really warm the air around your body, but the
         | emitted IR has a huge impact. Hence you end up with a very warm
         | front, while still having a very cold back.
        
       | ilove_banh_mi wrote:
       | The _observed range of variability_ on the two first graphs is
       | quite something to behold.
        
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