[HN Gopher] The belay test and the modern American climbing gym
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The belay test and the modern American climbing gym
        
       Author : vasco
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2025-03-19 18:19 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.climbing.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.climbing.com)
        
       | packetlost wrote:
       | My family has a unique history with the climbing gym boom of the
       | 90s. In the early to mid 90s my dad was operating a "co-op"
       | called "The Barn" between Madison, WI and Dodgeville, WI. It was
       | literally a retired barn that he had built climbing walls and a
       | small apartment for himself to live in. I guess he eventually got
       | in trouble with the authorities or something because it had to go
       | away (likely code related, but I'm not sure), but he and some of
       | the members ended up founding a legitimate business that stands
       | to this day: Boulders Climbing Gym in Madison. He ended up
       | leaving the business around the time I was born in 1997, but was
       | still somewhat involved for a good chunk of my childhood.
       | 
       | The parts about the belay test are burned into my brain as a
       | result. I had no idea that the industry had its roots in Silicon
       | Valley!
        
         | mdberkey wrote:
         | Never thought I'd see Boulders Climbing Gym mentioned on HN! I
         | loved going to the downtown location as a college student and
         | everyone I met there was so nice and helpful.
        
           | packetlost wrote:
           | Yeah, it's a pretty awesome place! I didn't expect anyone
           | here to have ever heard of it either!
        
       | mordechai9000 wrote:
       | "I had some really good, famous, climbers come in and fail the
       | belay test,"
       | 
       | Climbers still complain about the belay test, especially older
       | climbers who cut their teeth outdoors and same late to the gym
       | scene. But most gym accidents involving top roping or lead
       | climbing are going to come down to a failed safety check or a
       | mistake on the part of the belayer. And a failed safety check is
       | at least partially a belayer failure.
       | 
       | Experience level doesn't necessarily correlate with safe
       | technique. Beginners can be highly conscious of the consequences
       | of a fall, where more experienced climbers can get complacent and
       | sloppy when the negative consequences fail to materialize.
       | 
       | For example: the coach of an internationally competitive athlete
       | dropped his climber on a grigri because he was casually chatting
       | with someone on the ground and failed to control the brake
       | strand.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/WBGkKqLhM8Y?si=p58XDsgOG5O2dbJP
        
         | edf825 wrote:
         | > more experienced climbers can get complacent and sloppy when
         | the negative consequences fail to materialize.
         | 
         | This effect in some fields is called "Normalisation of
         | Deviance".
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_of_deviance
        
         | deepsun wrote:
         | It was even worse, the coach held grigri totally wrong the
         | whole time, it would fail even if he wasn't chatting and
         | concentrated on his climber.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | I indoor climb with a friend semi regularly using a grigri, and
         | it is important to be intentional about giving the climber your
         | full attention and never taking your hand off the rope entirely
         | [1]. Very similar to how the person qualifying you during a
         | check ride for your private pilot certification will attempt to
         | distract you on a final approach to see if you take the bait.
         | If you don't want to or can't pay attention, that's what the
         | auto belay [2] is for.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAxY-BBSlGc
         | 
         | [2] https://www.verticalendeavors.com/auto-belays-pros-and-
         | cons/
         | 
         | (my climbing venue monitors and scolds you if you aren't paying
         | attention while belaying, ymmv)
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | The technique with Grigri is easy to learn compared to some
           | other tools especially during its initial release, and TBH I
           | don't recall ever saw anybody using it incorrectly since it
           | would always prompt a strong reaction from anybody else just
           | passing by. But it has to be learned, it doesn't come somehow
           | magically on its own. Its not fully auto-blocking, if angle
           | of outgoing rope is 'right' it doesn't block at all.
           | 
           | What that guy did on the video looks absolutely ridiculous
           | from first second. Zero visual contact, too much slack (so
           | that he doesn't have to look up), very little safety even
           | without actual accident. When in practice there should be
           | 100% visual contact, or at least 95% and fully covering all
           | non-easy parts. It strains the neck massively but for that
           | there are those cheap periscope glasses, I got mine for 10
           | bucks on aliexpress and they work fine enough for 10 years.
           | 
           | The basic technique means rope is 100% held by either hand at
           | correct angle regardless what you need to do apart from
           | holding it.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | There is at least one technique which is officially 'bad',
             | but was first taught.
             | 
             | That said, I've been caught (and caught others) while half
             | asleep on big walls with Grigris when no one could see each
             | other.
             | 
             | The hardest part with a gri gri (imo) is early on when
             | doing sport or gym belaying when there is a lot of
             | switching between taking in and paying out slack.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | It was a big story a while back that someone noticed that
         | climbing deaths increase with experience, and the blame was
         | ultimately attributed to equipment wear, especially ropes.
         | 
         | Once you start trusting the rope and the belay, you better be
         | sure you can trust that rope, and your partner.
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | It would be interesting to compare the accident statistics with
         | European climbing gyms where belay tests are not common.
         | 
         | The coach in the video has some of the worst belay technique I
         | have ever seen. Unfortunately, this is somewhat common among
         | older climbers who learned using the first generation Grigri in
         | the 90s. Petzl's recommended technique back then is very safe
         | (essentially using the Grigri like an ATC), but does not allow
         | giving slack quickly. This made it completely useless for any
         | kind of ambitious sports climbing, and people started coming up
         | with often extremely dangerous workarounds. Petzl has upgraded
         | their recommendations a long time ago, but some people are
         | resistant to change ("it never failed for me"...) Hopefully
         | this video can convince at least some of them to finally adopt
         | the proper technique.
        
           | jjcob wrote:
           | I thought it was interesting when I looked up US gyms that
           | they require a belay test.
           | 
           | In Austria, the gyms I went to you just had to sign a form
           | that you know how to climb top-rope, lead, and how to belay.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | The US is extremely sue happy - US courts will often not
             | recognize the 'of course it's obviously dangerous' defense
             | without extensive warning in writing - and even then, there
             | is a significant amount of due diligence that needs to
             | happen.
             | 
             | Most of the rest of the world goes 'meh, don't be so
             | obviously dumb then' and kicks the lawsuits out.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >The US is extremely sue happy - US courts will often not
               | recognize the 'of course it's obviously dangerous'
               | defense without extensive warning in writing - and even
               | then, there is a significant amount of due diligence that
               | needs to happen.
               | 
               | What does that have to do with US gyms requiring belay
               | tests, which is a bunch of steps that doesn't involve
               | "extensive warning in writing".
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Insurance.
               | 
               | Which requires due diligence.
               | 
               | Which means there is some guarantee that people belaying
               | at the facility meet some basic standard of skill, so
               | that people are not being dropped all the time and then
               | turning around and suing the facility for negligent
               | supervision/creating a dangerous environment.
        
               | InitialBP wrote:
               | Because they have evidence "in writing" that everyone at
               | the gym had to pass a test that proves they know how to
               | properly and securely belay a climber. In the event that
               | there is an accident, the liability falls completely on
               | the belayer and/or the climber and not the gym itself for
               | allowing someone to participate in something that is
               | "obviously dangerous" without demonstrating they have the
               | ability to do it properly.
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | > What does that have to do with US gyms requiring belay
               | tests, which is a bunch of steps that doesn't involve
               | "extensive warning in writing".
               | 
               | It lowers insurance bills. If you don't let anyone climb
               | without having done a belay test and putting that paper
               | in a cabinet for 10+ years, then you can get cheaper
               | insurance.
               | 
               | It's the same reason why some gun ranges won't let random
               | people in without joining up and going through a safety
               | intro thing - cheaper insurance.
        
             | sfn42 wrote:
             | In Norway there is a lead climbing certification. You
             | attend and pass a weekend course including a final test,
             | then you get a card. In order to be allowed to belay/lead
             | climb in a gym you have to present this card. You can bring
             | friends and let them top rope without the card, at least in
             | some gyms, but the belayer needs to have the card. I think
             | you can also climb on autobelay without the card.
        
         | ekr____ wrote:
         | The grigri in particular is a bit of a mixed blessing. Because
         | it has an auto brake, it's harder -- though not impossible, as
         | you indicate -- to just totally fail to brake the climber on
         | top rope. If you let go of an ATC, there is no braking and the
         | rope just runs through, which is obviously very bad. By
         | contrast, if you just let go of an grigri it will lock,
         | arresting the fall.
         | 
         | However, when lead belaying, you need to pay out rope, which
         | means disengaging the auto brake. If you do this buy holding
         | the handle and the climber falls at the wrong time, it's easy
         | to react by just holding everything tighter, at which point
         | you're holding the grigri open, at which point the auto brake
         | isn't doing anything. By contrast with an ATC or other tube-
         | type device you never have to touch the belay device and so you
         | always can keep your brake hand in the brake position, so if
         | the climber falls, your reflex action -- assuming you have
         | practiced -- should be to pull harder with your brake hand,
         | thus arresting the fall.
         | 
         | Aside from belay devices, some other practices I've seen gyms
         | do to try make indoor climbing safer:
         | 
         | - Captive grigris on top rope so that you (1) have to use a
         | grigri and (2) can't screw up putting them on and off. - High
         | friction toprope anchors (e.g., wrapped several times around a
         | pipe) so that even with no belay device at all there is still
         | some friction. - Requiring people to tie in with a trace eight
         | rather than a double bowline on the theory that the trace eight
         | is harder to screw up and easier to check.
        
           | kyledrake wrote:
           | If you get a chance try out the NEOX. It's basically a GriGri
           | with smoother rope feed, so you almost never have to defeat
           | the cam when lead belaying with a proper dynamic technique.
           | They've been polarizing to some people but it really feels
           | like a "fixed GriGri" to me. You still need to mind the brake
           | side, but at least feeding doesn't have an intrinsic design
           | flaw where you have to temporarily disable the safety device.
        
           | placardloop wrote:
           | The GriGri does _not_ have an autobrake. Petzl is very
           | intentional in saying it is an "assisted braking device", not
           | auto braking. If there is any tension at all on the rope
           | (even just lightly being held), then the GriGri will likely
           | brake, but if the rope isn't being held at all then there is
           | no guarantee it will brake.
           | 
           | See this video, around the 10 minute mark where there's
           | several examples of the GriGri not locking at all:
           | https://youtu.be/We-nxljgnw4?t=605
           | 
           | This is perhaps an even greater issue than what you pointed
           | out because people misunderstand the GriGri a lot, and assume
           | it will always catch them even if you aren't holding the
           | rope. It won't.
        
             | pinkmuffinere wrote:
             | To be fair, I suspect the difference between "auto brake"
             | and "assisted braking device" is mostly legal liability. In
             | practical use I would understand both terms to mean the
             | same thing. I think very few people believe a grigri will
             | _always_ catch them. They just (accurately!) believe that
             | in most circumstances it will. The 5% where it won't catch
             | you is of course deadly.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | It's one of those distinctions which only actually matters
             | in a small and somewhat rare, but very important, edge
             | case. Usually more determined by rope diameter and
             | conditions than anything else.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | In contexts where a fuckup is likely to result in death
               | or permanent disability it might be prudent to play the
               | consequences instead of the odds. Marginally related: I
               | was always shocked by the diversity of crispy bullshit
               | other climbers were willing to rap off of. I kept new
               | webbing and rap rings in my daypack at all times just in
               | case.
        
             | ekr____ wrote:
             | Thanks for the correction.
        
         | RyanCavanaugh wrote:
         | The problem with the belay test as it exists today is that it
         | tests whether you know all the peculiarities of each gym's
         | beliefs around things like the exact order your hands should
         | move when taking slack, whether tails on figure 8s are
         | important (if so, how long, and what kind of knot may or must
         | terminate them), whether the length of the belay loop matters,
         | and so on. These things change seemingly on a whim and aren't
         | always motivated by good evidence.
         | 
         | I learned to belay at Vertical World in 2005 and would fail
         | Vertical World's belay test today, for multiple reasons, if I
         | used the same method they themselves taught me!
         | 
         | Meanwhile, as you point out, no test can determine whether or
         | not a person will be paying attention during an actual climb.
        
         | japhyr wrote:
         | I supervised a small climbing wall for one year in the mid
         | 2000s. I was really strict about our belay test, but we had
         | some flexibility built in. If you had experience climbing, you
         | could show us your technique and we'd pass you if your
         | technique kept the climber safe at all times.
         | 
         | It didn't happen often, but there were a number of people who
         | had over a decade of experience, who didn't realize they were
         | leaving the climber vulnerable to a catastrophic fall in some
         | of their transitions. Those people had just never had anyone
         | fall at that point in their belaying.
         | 
         | They were momentarily embarrassed, but to their credit everyone
         | I had to call out about technique appreciated not being given a
         | pass because of their years of experience.
        
         | nick3443 wrote:
         | At a gym I used to climb, there was also a Grigri "failure"
         | where a lighter belayer was pulled up the the first clip, which
         | then unlocked the Grigri until the climber hit the ground.
         | 
         | Pretty sure there were no major injuries thankfully.
        
           | blackguardx wrote:
           | This can only happen if the belayer takes their hand off the
           | brake strand. When unlocked, the grigri has the same braking
           | force as a regular ATC. This essentially was a belayer error.
           | One can't take their hand off the brake strand even if
           | violently jerked around.
        
             | BobaFloutist wrote:
             | Sure, but it's probably best to try to avoid baking the
             | belayers into the air in the first place instead of hoping
             | and assuming they'll maintain best belaying practices while
             | being abducted into the sky.
        
       | Fricken wrote:
       | A Entreprises wall went up at the University of Alberta in 1989,
       | which was pretty early for North American indoor walls. The
       | Verdon Gorge was the hot shit place to climb at the time, and the
       | Entreprises (a french company) wall textures and holds emulated
       | the small technical limestone features that are commonly found
       | there.
       | 
       | I wasn't allowed to climb there until I was 16. I cut my teeth as
       | a climber traversing back and forth on a cobbled bridge abutment
       | local climbers would train on before the U of A wall went up.
       | 
       | The second Gym to open in my home city, Vertically inclined, in
       | 1994, was designed by Christian Griffith. It is still in
       | operation today. Griffith also designed my original chalkbag,
       | which I bought with allowance money and still have. I'm
       | sentimental about that chalkbag.
       | 
       | Around that time a local climber was dabbling around with hold
       | making and went on to found Teknick climbing hold company, which
       | set off a trend towards the big fat holds you see in climbing
       | gyms today. Teknik is now a venerable old company and the second
       | biggest supplier of holds in the world. He was a way better
       | climber than me back then, and he still is.
        
       | egl2020 wrote:
       | I took a belay test in 1970 to qualify to climb with my school's
       | outing club. We used a concrete weight and a hip belay.
        
       | drcode wrote:
       | PSA: Most modern gyms have "autobelay" devices that let you climb
       | on your own without a partner. This makes gym climbing a super
       | fun and accessible exercise anyone, even beginners, can do by
       | just showing up to a gym at your convenience.
       | 
       | (If you're a beginner you should still take the 1 hour class
       | first and you will have to pass a belay test. And yes, if you can
       | make the schedule work out with a friend so can belay each other,
       | that's even more fun)
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Unfortunately, auto belays are also pretty terrible once you're
         | familiar with climbing - they pull on you and make harder
         | climbing extremely awkward.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | They lower the grade by cca 1 level by pulling you up, at
           | least till 6a/6b in french scale. In higher levels I can
           | imagine they also interfere with careful balance and body
           | weight shifting training you away from actual skills, thats
           | why I never saw them on anything harder than maybe 7b and
           | even there it was like 1 or 2 routes in whole gym.
           | 
           | But for easy grades and cca beginners, if you lack a good
           | partner for whatever reason, they are great IMHO.
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | The pull of an autobelay is negligible, surely. The cable
             | is a bit annoying perhaps but the real problem is that the
             | wall is like near vertical, completely flat. Super
             | uninspiring in my opinion.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Most climbing gyms put auto belays only on flat or slabby
               | 'beginniner' areas of the walls because most people using
               | auto belays can't do much on harder stuff - and also it's
               | kind of convenient to have your partner 'take'/hold you
               | on steep stuff sometimes.
               | 
               | Having uncontrolled (but slow) descents onto people's
               | heads probably also doesn't help.
        
         | dschroer wrote:
         | You still need to be careful. I'm an avid climber. Most
         | autobelay accidents happen because people don't clip in
         | properly. However for me the auto belay cable broke after
         | catching me. Resulted in five minor spinal fractures.
         | 
         | So from my experience I would say at least Google what are the
         | common auto belay manufacturers and only use gyms that have
         | them. True Blue and Perfect Decent are the only auto belays I
         | will touch now.
        
           | drcode wrote:
           | thanks, I'll investigate my local gym!
           | 
           | update: they use trueblue
        
           | jckrichabdkejdb wrote:
           | That sounds terrible, did you take any legal action?
        
             | dschroer wrote:
             | I did. It's behind me now and more importantly I'm fully
             | recovered mentally and physically.
             | 
             | I don't live in the states so it's not as dramatic legally
             | as you may imagine.
        
         | kyledrake wrote:
         | My understanding is that our local climbing gym sees most of
         | its non-bouldering accidents from people not clipping into
         | autobelays before they start climbing.
        
       | nepthar wrote:
       | Is there really such a large crossover that climbing.com makes it
       | to hacker news? Sure, this is interesting, but I love that this
       | site is focused on tech.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | "On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting.
         | That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to
         | reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that
         | gratifies one's intellectual curiosity."
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | dghlsakjg wrote:
         | The headline is about the guy who created new procedures and
         | standardization. Those are certainly technologies by many
         | definitions. The article talks about how he created a lot of
         | what we consider the modern climbing gym. Fitness innovations
         | are also a form of technology.
         | 
         | Hacker news never claimed to be exclusively about digital
         | technology, or electronic technology.
         | 
         | This is an article telling the story of someone passionate
         | about creating something new and innovative. Seems pretty
         | aligned to me?
        
         | ics wrote:
         | Anecdotally the climbing gym is the only semi-public place in
         | which I've walked past someone browsing HN; without material
         | stats I would still guess developers and people in tech vastly
         | outnumber other fields among climbing gym members.
        
           | kridsdale1 wrote:
           | Planet Granite Sunnyvale was my haunt when I lived in CA.
           | Almost everybody it seemed were wearing tshirts with the same
           | logos you see driving down 101, in those days (10 years ago
           | before that was uncool).
        
         | sampton wrote:
         | Climbing, especially bouldering, requires solo problem solving.
         | It's the closest thing to coding in athletic terms.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | A lot of devs love climbing. Problem solving is part of it,
         | especially if you climb a route for the first time. Very
         | different area but similar approaches need to be deployed to
         | succeed.
         | 
         | Plus its properly great and fulfilling activity that very few
         | sports can deliver (IMHO), not requiring massive investment or
         | some ridiculously long and difficult trips to just get to it
         | (gyms, if you want to climb in Patagonia or Antarctic then its
         | a different game altogether).
        
       | thirtywatt wrote:
       | >I got no positive reaction from the [climbing] industry at all
       | 
       | This was my experience trying to create a climbing tech product
       | in the last few years.
       | 
       | The market for climbing is built through reputation, tradition, &
       | thus a visceral rejection of new ideas & methods. This is very
       | interesting, since many climbers work in forward-thinking tech
       | companies.
       | 
       | Companies often resist growth to stay small. There are dirty
       | secrets and bad blood among many competitors.
       | 
       | Amazing sport, hard fought market.
        
       | MarcelOlsz wrote:
       | If you're into this you should also check out Dan Iaboni from the
       | parkour world. Started from a forum+fb group with a parkour gym
       | built by the community in an old carpet factory, and now The
       | Monkey Vault is in a massive factory in Toronto. Everyone thought
       | he was crazy.
        
       | CephalopodMD wrote:
       | Ohhhhhh. It just clicked for me that indoor climbing is from
       | silicon valley and that's why the Venn diagram of tech bros and
       | crag dirtbags overlays so much. I always assumed there was just
       | something about the type of people who work in tech that they're
       | weirdly more into climbing than average. But it's not a
       | psychological quirk, it's a historical quirk!
        
         | drahazar wrote:
         | > I always assumed there was just something about the type of
         | people who work in tech that they're weirdly more into climbing
         | than average.
         | 
         | You were right the first time. Climbing is a largely
         | constrained problem solving exercise with binary outcomes (you
         | either did the route or didn't) and a built-in level-up style
         | progression in the grading system. (Today I did my fist V2!
         | etc...) You can do it entirely on your own, at your own time,
         | in your own pace and it's not really possible to "lose" at
         | climbing[1], you get unlimited attempts to try and figure it
         | out. You can, for outdoor climbs, try the climb, fail, train
         | for 6 months and retry the climb to succeed. In short it's
         | almost designed to be addictive to coder types, but all that
         | came before the indoor walls, not after.
         | 
         | Source: I climb obsessively. They got me good.
         | 
         | [1] - competition climbing aside, obviously
        
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