[HN Gopher] New USPTO Memo Makes Fighting Patent Trolls Even Harder
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       New USPTO Memo Makes Fighting Patent Trolls Even Harder
        
       Author : healsdata
       Score  : 157 points
       Date   : 2025-03-21 18:55 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eff.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eff.org)
        
       | buckle8017 wrote:
       | Maybe it's time for a patent pool for non-trolls covering patent
       | to behavior.
        
         | yubiox wrote:
         | I can't parse this sentence. I even tried reading out loud. I
         | thought maybe to=troll but still I can't understand it.
        
           | charleslmunger wrote:
           | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080270152
           | 
           | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20070244837
        
         | herniatedeel wrote:
         | Defensive patent pools exist, if that's what you're saying:
         | Unified Patents, LOT network, and RPX are a few.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | I'm confused. Do you mean a patent that patents 'patent
         | trolling'?
        
           | sejje wrote:
           | Way too much prior art, no?
           | 
           | And we want people using the patents, so you'd have to
           | actively troll...
        
         | ted_dunning wrote:
         | Defensive patents don't really help against trolls since they
         | don't actually make products. That means that they don't
         | infringe on any patents and thus your defensive portfolio
         | doesn't get to play.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | The policymaking with regards to industry is functioning more
       | like a clearinghouse, where every interest group gets to have
       | their targeted policy, than a coalition, where the event that one
       | interest group's target policy would hamstring another member
       | would result in dealmaking and some sort of compromise. Certain
       | industries like the steel industry receive steeply protectionist
       | trade restraints, but they're also being de-prioritized in favor
       | of non-producing vexatious litigators who stop them from
       | innovating. In essence this is similar to how some industries are
       | seeing major policy-driven price increases on their outputs _and_
       | inputs. Multiply that by every lobby and that 's all I can
       | interpret out of the big picture.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | We should have notarized LLM models for this. Timestamp your
       | LLMs, put them in a notarized database. Then, if you en up in a
       | patent lawsuit, just fire up the relevant LLM, and ask it in
       | simple terms to reproduce troll's claims.
        
         | herniatedeel wrote:
         | For what purpose? If it's for prior art, the prior at must have
         | been publicly available, so a private LLM wouldn't work.
         | Perhaps I'm missing your point, though.
        
           | kam wrote:
           | I think the idea is that if an LLM trained prior to the
           | patent date can reproduce the invention, then either the idea
           | is obvious or there was prior art in the training set; either
           | way the patent is invalid.
        
             | btrettel wrote:
             | I had similar thoughts before. It's worth thinking about
             | what attorneys will do in response to rejections based on
             | LLMs reproducing ideas. I'm a former patent examiner, and
             | attorneys frequently argue that the examiners showed
             | "hindsight bias" when rejecting claims. The LLM needs to
             | produce the idea without being led too much towards it.
             | 
             | Something like clean-room reverse engineering could be
             | applied. First ask a LLM to describe the problem in a way
             | that avoids disclosing the solution, then ask an
             | independent LLM how that problem could be solved. If LLMs
             | can reliably produce the idea in response to the problem
             | description, that is, after running a LLM 100 times over
             | half show the idea (the fraction here is made up for
             | illustration), the idea's obvious.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | > ...if an LLM trained prior to the patent date can
             | reproduce the invention...
             | 
             | Would we even be able to tell if the machine reproduced the
             | invention covered by the claims in the patent?
             | 
             | I (regrettably) have my name on some US software patents.
             | I've read the patents, have intimate knowledge of the
             | software they claim to cover, and see nearly zero relation
             | between the patent and the covered software. If I set a
             | skilled programmer to the task of reproducing the software
             | components that are supposed to be covered by the patents,
             | I guarantee that they'd fail, and fail hard.
             | 
             | Back before I knew about the whole "treble damage thing"
             | (and just how terrible many-to-most software patents are) I
             | read many software patents. I found them to offer no hints
             | to the programmer seeking to reproduce the covered software
             | component or system.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | If it can't be reduced to practice, then it's a vanity
               | patent, but also, impossible to violate.
        
         | elevatedastalt wrote:
         | Should it be put on the Blockchain too?
        
       | ujkhsjkdhf234 wrote:
       | > Congress Created IPR to Protect the Public--Not Just Patent
       | Owners
       | 
       | For this administration, this is a problem to be solved. Big
       | business are the masters now and we need to make it easier for
       | them to step on small business by any means.
        
         | herniatedeel wrote:
         | Big business isn't really monolithic when it comes to patents.
         | Some large tech companies love patents (MSFT, e.g.), while
         | others (Google, e.g.) seem to abhor them.
         | 
         | Also, the troll problem is a _problem_ for big business, not a
         | benefit to big business.
        
           | zerkten wrote:
           | Are tech companies really the ones lobbying hardest for
           | policy changes? I suspect other industries are the ones
           | pushing harder with fallout for tech.
        
           | ujkhsjkdhf234 wrote:
           | Tech companies aren't the only big businesses in the US.
        
       | reverendsteveii wrote:
       | Why do we keep moving toward a system where being ahead is the
       | most viable way to get ahead?
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | Power accumulates the same way rivers flow into the ocean
         | 
         | If there is no continuous effort to tax rich people and split
         | up political power, democracy will fall back into feudalism
        
           | quantified wrote:
           | "While" not "if"
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | Because "we" don't have a functioning democracy. Only the
         | illusion of one.
        
         | DrillShopper wrote:
         | Because money controls things
        
         | floatrock wrote:
         | because r > g
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Not sure what that is but it's more like the Lotka-Volterra
           | equations (predator-prey model).
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka%E2%80%93Volterra_equat.
           | ..
        
             | btrettel wrote:
             | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_in_the_Twenty-
             | First_Ce... for an explanation of r > g.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | I think systems grow by themselves - more like a biological
         | ecosystem. Even powerful politicians seem to often be reduced
         | to dealing with the outcomes of a system without seeming to
         | understand how that system works. The idea that people are in
         | charge leads to conspiratorial theories: imagined incentives of
         | people behind the scenes.
         | 
         | However I know I look at the world differently from most
         | people: so it is just as likely my own views are warped.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | Because of the golden rule.
         | 
         | The people with all the gold make all the rules.
        
       | niwtsol wrote:
       | We dealt with some patent trolls back in the 2010-2020 era, for
       | those who have not experienced it, it is absurd. In our case, the
       | patent "troll" was an LLC w/ ~5 members - 2 lawyers, 1 person who
       | owned the original patent, and some spouses. The only "asset" of
       | the LLC was the patent. I think it was around scrollbars or some
       | CSS overflow thing - they sent us a demand/cease-desist letter
       | saying they will sue for $1M and asked for a call. Classic Lawyer
       | call "well, we can make this all go away for $25k." We ended up
       | fighting it a bit because of "principles" by our founder. - in
       | discovery there was something like 1,000 of these exact demand
       | letters they had sent.
       | 
       | The kicker? If you fight back, it costs a ton in legal fees, and
       | even if you win, you can't recover those fees -- because the
       | LLC's only asset is the patent itself.
       | 
       | Just insane to me we would take a step back like this.
        
         | elevatedastalt wrote:
         | Doesn't it cost a lot in legal fee to the troll too? How are
         | they able to finance it given that they are basically a sham
         | company?
        
           | Someone1234 wrote:
           | The troll is lawyers, so it only costs their own time.
        
           | ziddoap wrote:
           | It's like spam.
           | 
           | Send out 1,000s of dubious demand letters which don't cost
           | much. Some percent of those will settle with minimal effort
           | on the troll's side. Profit.
           | 
           | Drop the ones that look expensive and hope they don't counter
           | sue.
        
             | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
             | What would they counter sue for?
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | I probably should have just written "counter" or "fight
               | back". I was rushing out the office door when I pushed
               | the reply button.
               | 
               | In some countries you can sue for "unjustifiable threats
               | to begin patent infringement proceedings", but I was also
               | thinking things like filing complaints with the relevant
               | Bar associations. That sort of thing.
        
           | conartist6 wrote:
           | Because they don't expect to win the lawsuit. Their odds of
           | winning a lawsuit aren't that good, so their goal is to
           | badger a founder into settling. A founder would likely be
           | killing their creative endeavor to become their own lawyer
           | and go to court for themselves, and the trolls choose targets
           | for whom paying a lawyer for the length of one of these
           | trials would be prohibitively costly.
           | 
           | In other words, their real business model, the reason that
           | they can be considered a "safe investment" is that they
           | operate as an extortion racket at scale with the justice
           | system itself as their (free) muscle.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | How's this?
             | 
             | 1. You buy "litigation insurance."
             | 
             | 2. You state that you are insured on your website.
             | 
             | 3. The insurance company is _required_ to defend in all
             | patent cases that arise, so there is no doubt that you will
             | be represented in court.
             | 
             | 4. Nobody sues.
             | 
             | 5. The insurance company makes a profit with no cost or
             | risk.
        
               | celestialcheese wrote:
               | Is this a real thing for small companies?
               | 
               | I have no experience with this, and the only time I've
               | gone and tried to get quoted for things like cyber
               | liability, etc, the costs are incredible relative to the
               | value of the business and revenues.
        
               | daemonologist wrote:
               | You can buy IP insurance; the problem is that the
               | proposed strategy _only_ works against patent trolls. If
               | you infringed a legitimate patent the insurer would be
               | screwed, so they 'd want to do an enormous (impossible?)
               | amount of due diligence before writing the policy. As
               | with most other insurance policies, insurers in practice
               | are only willing to take on a portion of the risk.
        
               | piker wrote:
               | Adverse selection would be a big issue, but actually
               | perhaps if the indemnity only covers defense, an insurer
               | would be willing to take more risk (and have expertise in
               | batting away these claims.)
        
               | therein wrote:
               | Couldn't some innovative insurance company create a
               | policy that adds a clause like "policy kicks in if the
               | litigant fits the criteria of a patent troll (as
               | described above, lacking any assets besides the patent or
               | a few patents that don't pass initial muster as
               | legitimate, or has fewer than two physical locations with
               | at least 4 non executive employees). Even saying
               | something like "if the litigant has no health insurance
               | for their employees" would actually easily preclude
               | patent trolls as you'd have to be an actual decently
               | sized company to be able to negotiate real health
               | insurance for your employees.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | The correct course of action in situations like this is to name
         | and shame.
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | How does that help? A patent troll doesn't really have any
           | reputation to protect.
        
             | toasterlovin wrote:
             | Would the bar association in the lawyer's state be
             | interested?
        
               | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
               | Other than to commend the entrepreneurial sprit of its
               | members?
        
               | sejje wrote:
               | Why, is it illegal?
               | 
               | It's for sure scummy, but from what I've read about
               | patent trolls, usually they get to continue until they
               | eventually run into someone principled (and bankrolled)
               | and then they lose their patent due to prior art in many
               | cases.
               | 
               | I've never heard of them getting in actual trouble.
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | If legal consequences aren't a possible avenue to prevent
             | unacceptable behaviour from someone then a viable
             | alternative is to make that person a pariah.
             | 
             | The more people know that someone is doing unscrupulous
             | things the more people can choose to not do business with
             | that person or interact with them in a friendly matter.
             | 
             | Ideally this would lead to a scenario where they lose the
             | means to continue to do unacceptable things and they would
             | be forced to stop.
        
         | lofaszvanitt wrote:
         | How come you can sue others and the court doesn't check whether
         | you have the funds if you lose? I mean if you don't have funds
         | allocated away in case you lose, then why start the
         | proceedings?
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | Because solving the answer to what is the correct legal
           | interpretation is not concerned with if that interpretation
           | yields economic identities.
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | Because it's generally considered bad policy to make it
           | illegal for poor people to sue.
        
         | gist wrote:
         | I think like so many things the idea of 'patent trolls' has
         | taken on a meaning whereby anyone who has a patent but no
         | operating actual company (as you are describing LLC with 5
         | members and a lawyer) everyone automatically thinks 'sham'.
         | 
         | On the surface by stories related that certainly appears to be
         | the case.
         | 
         | However we don't have any data (only anecdotes) on how many
         | patents are pursued this way that are actually valid. And 'back
         | in the old days' it used to be that you could have an actual
         | patent and then get shafted by some large corporation simply
         | because they could afford lawyers and you couldn't (meaning 'mr
         | small inventor')
         | 
         | What I am saying in no way means I don't think there is
         | probably abuse (there are enough anecdotes to think 'something
         | is wrong here') but really we need the entire picture and
         | dataset to decide that (in all fairness).
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | It's not really a question of whether the patent troll has a
           | legitimate patent or not--in the sense of having clear
           | ownership over the IP, that is. They generally do. We
           | consider someone a patent troll when they don't make use of
           | the patent themselves, except to extract money from other
           | people, typically through threats of legal action. They're
           | exploiting the fear of being sued for a lot of money in order
           | to get a comparatively small amount of money in exchange for
           | agreeing to _not_ sue.  "Troll" here is in the pre-internet
           | sense of the word, not someone making up a fake story on a
           | message board, but more like a troll living under a bridge,
           | demanding money from people in order to cross it.
        
             | ted_dunning wrote:
             | Trolls often have clear title to a patent that covers
             | _something_. Many of these patents should not have been
             | granted, but they were. If you fight them to the end, you
             | can often get the patent invalidated, but the trolls are
             | smart enough to settle before that happens.
             | 
             | But they generally don't have a patent that covers anything
             | real. Even ignoring the situations where the patent is
             | indefensible through defects in process or due to prior
             | art, the claims in these patents often don't actually read
             | against the businesses being sued.
             | 
             | The problem is that it takes tens of thousands of dollars
             | per patent to get an opinion from your own lawyers about
             | whether the patents bear on your products or processes and
             | you pretty much have to do that even if you never go to
             | court.
        
         | gist wrote:
         | > We ended up fighting it a bit because of "principles" by our
         | founder. - in discovery there was something like 1,000 of these
         | exact demand letters they had sent.
         | 
         | I am noting you have not said how this ended up. What does 'we
         | ended up fighting it a bit because of "principles" of our
         | founder.
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | It means they pushed back then settled without any useful
           | resolution. The troll didn't get a big payday, but they
           | didn't get told to stop and it set precedent helping them
           | shake down others.
        
         | dctoedt wrote:
         | See Blue Jeans Cable's _classic_ response to a patent cease-
         | and-desist letter from Monster Cables: The Blue Jeans Cable CEO
         | was a former litigator who pulled no punches in his response.
         | [0]
         | 
         | [0] See https://www.oncontracts.com/monster-cables-picked-the-
         | wrong-... (self-cite).
        
           | jnsie wrote:
           | > Not only am I unintimidated by litigation; I sometimes
           | rather miss it.
           | 
           | Sumptuous!
        
       | daedrdev wrote:
       | IPR is a tool that weakens all patents. Saying it helps trolls at
       | the expense of everyone else (which this article says) is a bad
       | faith argument. Weakening IPR helps all patent holders fight for
       | their rights, including trolls. Considering how the tech industry
       | has bullied its way past numerous rightful patents, this seems
       | like it could be reasonable or might not be.
       | 
       | If you think we should have no patents be my guest, but this
       | helps non troll patent holders and not just trolls.
        
         | dctoedt wrote:
         | (Inactive) patent litigator here (been doing other things for
         | some years now): IPRs are _way_ better than jury trials for
         | determining patentability.
        
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