[HN Gopher] Career Development: What It Means to Be a Manager, D...
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       Career Development: What It Means to Be a Manager, Director, or VP
       (2015)
        
       Author : AnhTho_FR
       Score  : 371 points
       Date   : 2025-03-21 10:49 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (kellblog.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (kellblog.com)
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | _> "It's like saying with $3.65 I can buy either a grande non-fat
       | latte or a head of organic lettuce"_
       | 
       | Ah, 2015.
        
         | apwell23 wrote:
         | i smiled at that too. miss those innocent times.
        
           | xandrius wrote:
           | Is it innocent because prices seem cheaper to us today?
        
           | lifty wrote:
           | Find a better unit to report your costs in. Like hours of
           | work, or any other hard asset (real estate, gold, bitcoin
           | etc.). Otherwise you are bound to be disappointed every year.
        
             | oez wrote:
             | I would like to know your definition of a hard asset if you
             | consider bitcoin one.
        
               | lifty wrote:
               | Indeed I haven't used that term correctly. What I meant,
               | is some kind of asset that is not easily inflated,
               | something that in the long term can retain its exchange
               | value better. Of course, nothing is guaranteed, and
               | especially with bitcoin, it super volatile. But you have
               | a better chance of judging your purchase power based on
               | that.
        
               | hnb2137 wrote:
               | How many Big Macs?
        
               | Thrymr wrote:
               | or grande non-fat lattes?
        
       | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
       | It is a good read. It is early so I can't help wondering if I am
       | nodding, because it hits close to home or coffee did not hit yet,
       | but I think I agree with the author here.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | It's an interesting read an hard to disagree with.
         | 
         | More interesting perhaps for the typical employee is how they
         | would get to such a position, starting in a junior position.
         | 
         | One key advice here is to stop behaving like an employee. By
         | that I mean to start reflecting on what it is you are doing,
         | what you are being asked to do, why you are being asked to do,
         | etc. Apply some critical thinking. Ask questions if you don't
         | understand something. Not to be obnoxious but to educate
         | yourself. What would you do if you were in charge? Try to come
         | up with ideas on how to your work better. Try to do those
         | things. Get feedback on how you are doing. This is not about
         | seeking conflict but simply seeking understanding and more
         | control over what it is you do. You can't hope to manage others
         | if you can't manage yourself.
         | 
         | Once you are in control of what you do, the rest comes
         | naturally. Whether that's via promotions, new jobs, or starting
         | your own business. It all starts with challenging the notion
         | that you are just there to do whatever it is you are told to
         | do. That's what employees do.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong. There's nothing wrong with being a good
         | employee. Good, loyal employees are great to have. If you run a
         | team, company or whatever, you need those to get stuff done.
         | But they'll never run things for you. That's your job. And
         | having too many captains on the ship is also not great. Good to
         | reflect on the next time you have a work conflict. It's not
         | always about being right.
         | 
         | Employees are mostly just reacting to inputs around them (from
         | their boss, colleagues, whatever) but rarely act pro-actively.
         | Reacting pro-actively, without being told, is the key
         | difference. Some people do that naturally and can't stop
         | themselves doing that, other people simply don't have that in
         | them. Nothing wrong with that. Figure out which you are early
         | and then act accordingly.
        
       | n4r9 wrote:
       | > [Leveling] conflates career development and salary negotiation.
       | It encourages a mindset of saying, "what must I do to make L10"
       | when you want to say, "I want a $10K raise."
       | 
       | It's not obvious to me why this is a bad thing. I agree that
       | incentivising a box-ticking mindset discourages ownership and
       | initiative. But for software engineers I feel like there has to
       | be _some_ methodical (and transparent) way for raises to be
       | assigned, and for it to relate to skills and traits. Otherwise
       | you can easily end up in a situation where people are rewarded
       | for being bolshy and savvy rather than valuable to the company.
       | 
       | Am I missing something here?
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | I think that what you are missing is that "what must I do to
         | make L10" and "what is valuable to the company" are typically
         | somewhat orthogonal. A prototypical example is that almost
         | every career ladder out there mentions things like "impact" and
         | architect/systems design work rather than often more valuable
         | maintenance work that keeps current systems running. In
         | addition, measuring the contribution of any individual to a
         | team effort is always difficult, in some cases pretty much
         | impossible until years later. This means that it is always
         | possible to game such career frameworks by focusing only on the
         | things the framework rewards and skipping everything else.
         | 
         | In short, encouraging people to get to the next career level in
         | a well-defined framework is exactly the type of "situation
         | where people are rewarded for being bolshy and savvy rather
         | than being valuable to the company" that you mention as being
         | undesirable.
        
           | hiatus wrote:
           | If following the framework does not provide value to the
           | company, the framework is obviously flawed.
        
             | throwaway98797 wrote:
             | the frameworks are always flawed
             | 
             | the best leaders know this
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Sure, but does that mean the framework shouldn't exist?
               | Something can be flawed and still provide some value.
               | 
               | In the case of leveling, I'd suggest the levels are
               | guidelines and not policy. As soon as they become policy,
               | management cannot work around them adequately, and they
               | begin to detract value.
               | 
               | For example, at my employer, we have levels (within job
               | families, I haven't seen a level grid that has engineers
               | and personal assistants). But, I've never had to tick
               | every single box to get an employee promoted. I have to
               | make my case, and I do use the levels as a guideline, but
               | I've never felt it necessary to absolutely follow every
               | item.
        
             | ketzo wrote:
             | Well, that's sort of the author's point -- _every_
             | framework is focused on _something_ other than simple
             | salary numbers, which definitionally means it is focused on
             | something other than the dollar value provided to the
             | company.
             | 
             | We recognize that they can still be a useful tool, because
             | 1) assigning dollar values to employees is an inexact
             | science that's hard to standardize over an organization and
             | 2) ICs like at least _some_ direction about what they need
             | to do to be eligible for more money aside from just
             | "provide more value"
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | I think the problem that developers may feel is that they want
         | to earn more money for being a better developer, but not
         | nessicarily accept more responsibility or spend less time
         | developing code.
         | 
         | I do agree with you that clear progression frameworks are a
         | necessity for transparency and goals for developers, but some
         | may feel daunted by a jump up meaning they don't get to write
         | as much code if L39 (or whatever) starts including
         | responsibilites that pushes you into meetings and convincing.
        
           | margorczynski wrote:
           | > I think the problem that developers may feel is that they
           | want to earn more money for being a better developer, but not
           | nessicarily accept more responsibility or spend less time
           | developing code.
           | 
           | Well the problem is some people don't get there is a limit of
           | how much impact and additional revenue you can create for the
           | company by writing better/more code. And that would serve as
           | a basis for paying you more.
           | 
           | The thing is a guy helping out via mentoring 10 other people
           | or recruiting better talent will create much more impact on
           | how the company functions than if he wrote 2x better code or
           | 2x faster. There is simply in almost all engineering effort a
           | hard limit of how much a single person can contribute.
        
             | betaby wrote:
             | > The thing is a guy helping out via mentoring 10 other
             | people or recruiting >better talent will create much more
             | impact on how the company functions than if he wrote 2x
             | better code or 2x faster. There is simply in almost all
             | engineering effort a hard limit of how much a single person
             | can contribute.
             | 
             | Very debatable. Not at all true where I work ( worked ).
             | Better code clearly larger impact on larger timeframes (
             | think 5+ year ) that perpetually retraining incoming
             | juniors.
        
         | Moto7451 wrote:
         | Pay and rank have a connection but not a direct connection.
         | 
         | What is the value of your work? Is your impact worth millions
         | to the company? Is it worth just your salary? Are you in an
         | overhead function that enables the rest of the business? Do you
         | work on just new business ideas that have no value now but
         | maybe a lot later? Can you do things that others can not or
         | will not?
         | 
         | The answers to these questions and your ability to negotiate
         | will dictate your pay. The fact is that being savvy and being
         | able to navigate politics/being well liked, intentionally or
         | otherwise, is hugely important. Most companies don't make it
         | particularly clear how to progress or how a manager should
         | compensate the team aside from a rough rubric on how to get
         | there. Most years an HR BP says to me "you have a X% budget, we
         | recommend an (X - 2)% COLA and the rest is for your merit
         | raises." At some places they just ask for a stack rank and come
         | up with the number. In either system, demonstrated
         | effectiveness and willingness to work well with people (aka
         | being savvy, political, likable, full of BS, etc - pick your
         | favorite) affects your ability to get more than that Cost of
         | Living Adjustment. When it's promotion time, a good manager
         | will make sure your skills fit the role. A bad one just picks
         | someone based on their biases - positive in your favor in the
         | short term, bad for your career if you never catch up to what
         | is needed to do the job.
         | 
         | Now this is the time to draw the line at pay vs rank. Most of
         | leveling and rank is about org design and you can be a Director
         | making 70K or a Director making 300K in the same type of
         | software role in the same vertical.
         | 
         | Leveling is an HR and management thing. Value is what you
         | provide and should be compensated for. Bands are there to keep
         | things from being completely insane. Levels are a guide for
         | what should be.
         | 
         | If you were able to change your title at work to "Professional
         | Enthusiast" and your level to L-1, but did all the same work
         | and were just as effective, would you want your pay to be any
         | different? Again, let's differentiate value and compensation
         | from the rest of the structural stuff.
         | 
         | These management constructs are checks and balances on both
         | good and bad managers alike. Even if you do a great job as a
         | manager and someone is ready to be promoted, your HR BP can
         | have the bad news that there is no money for that promotion and
         | to assign no new responsibilities ("no free consulting" as I
         | have had to tell my reports in this situation). Conversely the
         | money could be there but the space for the role is not. Do you
         | really want to work somewhere that has 1000 people and 100 VPs?
         | Who exactly is in charge? Is it VP Tom who is a peer of VP
         | Jimmy who reports to VP Marry who reports to SVP Sarah? Heck
         | no, just break the bands. Every time I've had a long tenured
         | Staff/Principle engineer they're sitting at 25% over what the
         | band says they should make and no one in HR or the SLT ever
         | complains. They see that and they know exactly who that person
         | is.
         | 
         | In turn, all of this exists to solve the problem of org design
         | and hierarchy. Leveling is a tool against title inflation. Need
         | to restrict movement into senior management? Get pickier in
         | your leveling. Need to retain people? Give them a bonus
         | structure or widen bands. Titles are nice and all but they
         | don't buy private school tuitions, sports cars, and fancy
         | vacations. My L4 employees that could afford a new condo and a
         | vacation to Bali were never all that upset they were never
         | going to see L3 and L2 due to org design constraints.
         | 
         | I myself am a slightly funny example. I moved from a
         | multinational based in Europe to a small software company in
         | California. My title went from Director (L3 there, Senior
         | directors and in between to VP got point numbers) to Senior
         | Manager (L4.X on the old scale but an effective L3) and my span
         | of control from 30-60 to 6. My job is basically the same except
         | for the number of people in my span of control (in the former
         | job the same number of Managers and Staff engineers reported to
         | me directly). We don't have a CTO and there are two VPs where
         | one has a "Head of" title. There are a couple Directors as well
         | (call them effective L2 here). Effectively my title has changed
         | but my level has not. The pay also went up a little bit with
         | the move.
         | 
         | There is really no where for me to go in this hierarchy since
         | we're pretty small. If/when they add a CTO, down the ladder I
         | go, a CTO level is added, and more restrictions are placed to
         | stratify the leveling to match the stratification of the jobs.
         | What will a CTO do over the current Head of Tech? Not sure as
         | my skip level does everything all the other CTOs I've worked
         | for has done. I'm sure they'll come up with something for my
         | current Skip Level to _stop_ doing though.
         | 
         | In some companies I've worked and famously at Google, you have
         | ICs that are at the VP level, by either title or level, that
         | aside from having to go to a few mandatory Senior Management
         | type meetings are exceptionally well paid Staff/Principle
         | engineers. There's nothing wrong with this so long as the title
         | is not abused and the value is there. It tends to look crazy
         | though. Why do these situations exist? Someone needed to pay
         | them X to get into the business and X happened to be in the
         | band for VP. Or, they were part of an acquisition and actually
         | stuck around. They needed some significant title and to report
         | to the CEO and it happens that VP is the currency available for
         | that even though they're not doing that work. At my last job we
         | didn't do this and at one point a CTO of an acquisition
         | actually reported to me, a Director.
         | 
         | It's the holes in the way things work that best betray that
         | value and title are not directly connected but management come
         | as close as possible just to make it possible to figure out
         | what the heck is going on at a glance. In turn, ask for that
         | 10k if you think you're worth it. It may be easier to get it
         | than to get the level bump.
        
         | matt_s wrote:
         | > Otherwise you can easily end up in a situation where people
         | are rewarded for being bolshy and savvy rather than valuable to
         | the company.
         | 
         | This is how it works though. If you have someone that is quiet
         | and does amazing work but doesn't seek out promotions and
         | doesn't actively market their accomplishments then it could
         | happen that they will lag on salary over time. If there are
         | good managers advocating for their people then this will happen
         | less.
         | 
         | Its a really simple conversation for a manager to have with
         | their mgmt and HR about person X's salary is behind market, Y
         | and Z are in same title so I think we need to bump them up a
         | little to keep pace. A good organization will recognize that
         | and help make something happen. Bad organizations will have an
         | attitude of not doing anything until its too late. If you work
         | in a bad organization then the path to get raises there is to
         | do the work yourself, go out to the market, interview and get
         | offer(s) and bring them back and/or just leave. I say good/bad
         | organizations but really its not binary, there are situations
         | companies may be in where raises or market based increases
         | aren't possible, there might be bad executives but good
         | managers, etc. YMMV.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | _> If you have someone that is quiet and does amazing work
           | but doesn 't seek out promotions and doesn't actively market
           | their accomplishments then it could happen that they will lag
           | on salary over time._
           | 
           | This is a win from the business's perspective. They are
           | getting greater value for lower cost.
           | 
           | In my more cynical moments, I sometimes suspect that tech
           | companies deliberately target the sort of low self-esteem
           | perfectionist types for which this behavior is common
           | specifically because the company sees an arbitrage
           | opportunity between what the employee is worth and what the
           | employee believes they are worth.
        
         | re-thc wrote:
         | > It encourages a mindset of saying, "what must I do to make
         | L10" when you want to say, "I want a $10K raise."
         | 
         | > It's not obvious to me why this is a bad thing.
         | 
         | In most cases, level isn't the gaming type level. Level these
         | days is more like different jobs. What used to be analyst,
         | architect, tech lead etc are all disguised as "level".
         | 
         | As you rise in levels you might code less and focus on system
         | design, coordinating, mentoring or something else. Is it really
         | "career development"? It's moving sideways.
         | 
         | > Am I missing something here?
         | 
         | Yes, reward people for ownership, and getting better at their
         | job. That's not what the current level system is.
        
           | zeroonetwothree wrote:
           | I guess it depends on where you work. I've moved up four
           | "levels" since I started and I basically just do the same
           | thing. You could argue I should have been the higher level
           | from the start and it took a while to get recognized.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | This varies by employer.
           | 
           | At my employer, we have several job families that encompass
           | "software developer"... software engineer, cloud engineer,
           | architect, and technical fellow.
           | 
           | With the two engineering roles, there are levels... software
           | engineer I, II, III, Lead, Principal. Architect starts with
           | more seniority... architect (roughly equivalent to to Lead),
           | principal architect. And technical fellow is "director level"
           | - basically a terminal spot for ICs who are really good at
           | building software but have no desire to manage people - they
           | typically report to a VP or director - they do have lots of
           | meetings, but they're also setting the technical direction of
           | the company for the long haul.
        
         | guappa wrote:
         | To get promoted you must just pander to your boss and
         | completely ignore what your job is supposed to be and what the
         | company needs.
        
           | surajrmal wrote:
           | The higher up you go the more important it becomes to make an
           | impact to teams outside the purview of your boss. So I'm not
           | really sure this holds.
        
             | grumpy_coder wrote:
             | in this context 'your boss' is usually a level or two above
             | your direct manager on org chart Take it as the most senior
             | person you can get regular face time with, this also needs
             | to be gamed.
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | > Yes, you might discover that a Senior FPA Analyst II earns the
       | same as a Product Marketing Director I, but why does that matter?
       | It's a coincidence. It's like saying with $3.65 I can buy either
       | a grande non-fat latte or a head of organic lettuce. What matters
       | is the fair price of each of those goods in the market -- not
       | they that happen to have the same price.
       | 
       | Well, it infuriates me just the same. If a coffee shot costs the
       | same or more that some other food that is healthy and gives you
       | more calories and/or nutrients. And I say this as a coffee lover.
       | 
       | But beside specific examples nitpicking, I understand the gist of
       | it, and I understand the market reasons - you want to attract or
       | retain talent and they/we look at compensations on a market level
       | - but this still doesn't mean it is fair. Unless you believe in
       | fairy tales and invisible hands.
        
         | irjustin wrote:
         | > but this still doesn't mean it is fair
         | 
         | You're trying to change which definition of fair is being used.
         | 
         | It's fair in that it's "fair market value" because that's what
         | the market is willing to pay.
         | 
         | That's clearly the version the author is using given the
         | example.
        
           | darkwater wrote:
           | "Fair" has many facets. It can be fairly compensated for the
           | market value of a nominal role but still be unfairly
           | compensated within the company according to the work executed
           | and the "value"[1] created.
           | 
           | [1] Value in this context can be not just only monetary value
           | but creating a good working environment, help other to do
           | better their job etc
        
             | irjustin wrote:
             | I'm not sure what to tell you. That words can have
             | different meanings given the context? And this version of
             | fair is using a specific one that you're unwilling to
             | accept.
             | 
             | It seems you wish the author used "market rate" and not
             | "fair". But you're annoyed at the wrong thing because that
             | usage is completely valid. That society has allowed "fair"
             | to mean what the market is willing to pay regardless of its
             | equality to fellow man.
             | 
             | Because if that's the case - nothing is fair.
        
         | marcus0x62 wrote:
         | What's the alternative?
         | 
         | Some functional skills are rarer than others, some are simply
         | harder to master than others, and some are both.
         | 
         | To me it would be unfair to force equal pay for very unequal
         | work.
        
       | apwell23 wrote:
       | i don't agree with any of these definitions. From my experience
       | VPs and directors are so far removed from any actual work that
       | most of their "plans" mean very little. Things get done not
       | because of their "plans" but despite of them.
       | 
       | In terms of career development. Ppl aren't promoted for their
       | ability to make "plans" or execute them. Ppl are promoted into
       | those promotions for being trustworthy by ppl above them .
       | 
       | To get to that position, you should be
       | 
       | 1. be people oriented. Genuinely like ppl around you from your
       | heart ( not fake it) . Take the first step and build genuine love
       | for ppl around you. Your first instinct towards anyone should be
       | trying to make their work lives easier. This is super hard for
       | nerdy coder types because we have mental depenendcy on being the
       | "smart one", hard to let go of that part of identity.
       | 
       | 2. consistenly deliver results and become the person that can be
       | trusted by person that gave you the assignment. Building trust is
       | the main job when you go work. Its not writing some badass code
       | or being innovating or whatever.
        
         | lstodd wrote:
         | this is why in my company the only VP is the company cat and
         | the title is hereditary.
        
         | throw12hhfhd wrote:
         | Having been in both situations in large organizations, I can
         | say the connection between the plans and the work can be
         | difficult to see sometimes, but the absence of such a plan is
         | much worse in the long run. As the size of groups grow, people
         | don't generally self organize.
         | 
         | Great career development advice. This is absolutely the most
         | reliable way to advance in an organization.
        
       | windward wrote:
       | Out of scope for this article, but:
       | 
       | >Most leveling systems are too granular, with the levels
       | separated by arbitrary characterizations. It's makework. It's
       | fake science. It's bureaucratic and encourages a non-thinking
       | "climb the ladder" approach to career development. ("Hey, let's
       | develop you to go from somewhat-independent to rather-independent
       | this year.")
       | 
       | This is a funny, common requirement. Every junior developer is
       | told they should feel free to ask questions - and now they have a
       | financial incentive not to.
        
         | ikerino wrote:
         | Asking questions and unblocking yourself is a required
         | competency for acting independently.
         | 
         | Developers should aim to be resourceful and respect others
         | time, but I expect my reports to seek out help if they get
         | genuinely stuck for more than 15 minutes (no clue what to do.)
         | 
         | It's much better than waiting around for your manager to find
         | out you were working on the wrong problems (or nothing, waiting
         | for instructions.)
        
         | joshstrange wrote:
         | > Every junior developer is told they should feel free to ask
         | questions - and now they have a financial incentive not to.
         | 
         | This is such a fine line though, encourage developers to ask
         | questions, but they also need to try problem-solving before
         | they immediately go asking for help. If I _consistently_ get
         | asked for help on problems that I can solve it within 5-10
         | minutes using no "company knowledge" (just plain debugging),
         | then that cements someone as "junior" in my mind.
         | 
         | Contrast that with the people who ask lots of questions but
         | they are well thought out questions that require knowledge of
         | the inner workings of the system.
         | 
         | "This isn't working" vs "I can't figure out X works, I tried Y
         | and Z but that gave me this error that I don't understand but I
         | did find...."
        
           | dnadler wrote:
           | I have a similar mindset though less focused on the type of
           | questions being asked and more about how many times I have to
           | answer the same question.
           | 
           | Ideally, the number is one time. As in one conversation where
           | the person walks away understanding the answer. If I have to
           | have that conversation more than once it's a problem.
           | 
           | Obviously there's nuance - it can take time to get your head
           | around a new concept or hard problem. But in any case, I like
           | that as one dimension when thinking about a person's
           | skill/level/potential.
        
             | joshstrange wrote:
             | > I have a similar mindset though less focused on the type
             | of questions being asked and more about how many times I
             | have to answer the same question.
             | 
             | Yes, I completely agree and do that as well.
             | 
             | The focus on "type of question" has been something I've
             | done more recently after helping someone out. Just
             | reflecting on "what type of problem did I just help solve
             | and how can I make it easier for them to solve on their own
             | in the future". Very often the answer is "more
             | documentation" or similar, getting things only in my head
             | down where everyone can benefit. On the other hand I walk
             | away from some problems I've helped with frustrated that
             | the answer was 1-2 Google searches away and the issue had
             | nothing to do with "our stack".
        
             | maccard wrote:
             | I mostly agree with you, but there's another angle that is
             | similar. How many times does the person come to you with a
             | similar question but on a slightly different topic and you
             | need to guide them through _how to find_ the answer. I've
             | supervised mid level engineers in the past who will just
             | drop a stack trace in a slack DM and expect me to tell them
             | what's wrong - I didn't write the code so why do you expect
             | me to figure it out for you. But when I have the
             | conversation of "we've talked about how to dxooore these
             | kinds of problems a few times now, next time you need to
             | apply these techniques",it often doesn't land.
        
         | maccard wrote:
         | I've managed a few people who have come to the same conclusion
         | as you did there, and had a mixed success rate there.
         | 
         | It's not about not asking questions, it's about knowing which
         | questions are appropriate to ask, and if you don't know the
         | answer to that it's my job to guide you to finding it out.
         | 
         | I've never held back on a promotion because someone asked too
         | many questions, but I have recommended we don't promote because
         | they're asking questions that they should be answering
         | themselves. The gauge of skill is "do you know what you don't
         | know", basically.
        
           | windward wrote:
           | In big tech these overly-granular, arbitrary systems are
           | designed specifically to avoid this kind of variance in
           | promotability from how managers infer the rules. If they're
           | designed badly, you have to lie to get your example through
           | the pipeline.
           | 
           | >It's not about not asking questions
           | 
           | If the spec says 'doesn't ask questions', it is!
        
             | maccard wrote:
             | > If they're designed badly, you have to lie to get your
             | example through the pipeline.
             | 
             | Agreed
             | 
             | > If the spec says 'doesn't ask questions', it is!
             | 
             | It's not. At anywhere I've ever worked, it's about meeting
             | enough of the criteria and your manager coming to bat for
             | you. If the spec says don't ask questions and your manager
             | backs you, you're getting promoted. If the spec says you
             | must make 3 widgets a day and you make 4 widgets a day more
             | than anyone else, but your manager won't back you, you're
             | not getting the promotion.
             | 
             | If your manager is a rule stickler, follow the rules. If
             | they value breaking the process, then break the process.
             | 
             | But dogmatically pointing to the rules, and saying "but the
             | rules say this" is unlikely to get you very far. To quote
             | Geoffrey Rush - "They're more like guidelines"
        
               | windward wrote:
               | I'm glad for you. I'm paraphrasing a previous employer's
               | guidelines.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | US/NATO military equivalents to corporate titles:
       | 
       | Team lead: E5-E6, W1
       | 
       | Manager: E7-E8, O2-O3
       | 
       | Associate Principal: W1-W2
       | 
       | Principal: W3-W4
       | 
       | Senior Principal: W5
       | 
       | Senior Advisor: E9
       | 
       | Associate Director: O4
       | 
       | Director: O5
       | 
       | VP: O6
       | 
       | SVP: O7-O8
       | 
       | COO O9
       | 
       | CEO/Diplomat O10 (4star)
       | 
       | Chairman: O11 (5star)
       | 
       | Conglomerate Chairman: 6star, Pershing
       | 
       | The big difference is that in the military everything above team
       | lead has an internal support staff and planning occurs
       | independently at every level.
        
         | matt_s wrote:
         | I would add that typically the O levels there (officer in
         | military) in corporate usually have bonus/equity as part of
         | compensation, like a major element of comp, not some $1k petty
         | cash bonus.
         | 
         | These are also the levels where if there is a massive screw-up,
         | you might be the person ousted so there is a fair amount of
         | accountability.
        
       | joshstrange wrote:
       | "Levels don't matter except for these levels that I care about"
       | 
       | :rolleyes:
       | 
       | All titles are made up. No one fits a role/title perfectly. It's
       | all a bunch of bullshit. Normally it's really just using salary
       | ranges as the core thing people care about and people move up
       | "titles" while not improving their skills one bit (seniority,
       | playing politics better, etc).
       | 
       | At my last company they made a big deal about becoming a "senior
       | developer", it was a lot more responsibly, work, _pay_, etc.
       | Years later I (and another developer) was outperforming the
       | "senior" developers by a good margin and the company gave us both
       | title bumps, a 3% CoL raise, and... $1K bonus.
       | 
       | That was probably the last time I believed in any sort of sanity
       | in ranking/titles/etc.
       | 
       | Ask for what you want, don't wait for a "performance review", yes
       | it's uncomfortable, get over it. No ranking system is going to
       | accurately reflect skills.
        
         | ryanjshaw wrote:
         | > All titles are made up
         | 
         | Well yes, literally, but that's not the point. The author is
         | saying that Lx titles inherently don't make sense and he sees
         | more value in a model based on accountability and
         | responsibility. My understanding:
         | 
         | - manager: responsible for putting effort into execution
         | 
         | - director: responsible for executing a plan, not accountable
         | for its success
         | 
         | - VP: responsible for the plan and accountable for its success
        
           | joshstrange wrote:
           | Those are great ideas in theory I guess but not at all how
           | they are treated industry wide and often not how they are
           | treated within the same company.
           | 
           | 99% of the time titles have very little to do with what
           | someone does day to day. It's just not that simple and clear
           | cut.
           | 
           | All that to say, I don't find one persons thoughts on what
           | those titles mean very useful since that's just what it means
           | to that specific person. There is no, that I'm aware of,
           | industry-wide agreement.
           | 
           | Not to mention I find those definitions to be silly, overly
           | simple, and not how anyone thinks of their job.
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | Unfortunately, shit will _always_ roll downhill. I can tell
           | your understanding is an ideal scenario, because it 's the
           | opposite of how the real world works.
        
       | gneray wrote:
       | A classic
        
       | trentnix wrote:
       | I'm had all three titles at various points in my career but the
       | reality is that my responsibilities and operational altitude
       | varied widely from company to company. I just completed a job
       | search after being laid off and one of the challenges of finding
       | a job in leadership is deciphering what each company actually
       | wants from their managers or directors or VPs.
       | 
       | Some roles are "hands on". For others that's a red flag. For some
       | it's all about managing people and emotional intelligence. For
       | others it's all about technical acumen and technical direction.
       | Sometimes what they are really looking for is exactly what the
       | last person in the role did. In other cases, they want the
       | opposite of the last person to hold the role.
       | 
       | The only thing you can really depend on when it comes to
       | leadership titles in software, in my experience, is that one's
       | title explains which meetings one is expected to attend.
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | I've had a similar experience, however I found it tied to the
         | size of the company. If you're a director at a large
         | corporation, you will be very siloed and you most likely won't
         | be doing much coding. If you're a directory at a small company,
         | you're going to be coding, managing coders, and being part of
         | leadership and strategic discussions.
        
           | _fat_santa wrote:
           | Can confirm. I currently work for an SMB (~150 employees) as
           | a manager. Our VP doesn't write any code but the directors
           | and managers are still IC's on projects.
           | 
           | Right now I really like being an IC in addition to being
           | manager cause I still have that coding itch to scratch, but I
           | just know one day I will eventually graduate to role where I
           | don't write any code. Long term it is the direction I want to
           | go in but it's going to be bittersweet when I finally get to
           | a role with no coding.
        
         | re-thc wrote:
         | > The only thing you can really depend on when it comes to
         | leadership titles in software
         | 
         | It's not just leadership titles. Even if they list tech stack,
         | responsibility or any of it it may not eventually be reality.
         | Sometimes it's a wish list, sometimes it's planned and other
         | times they "forgot" to update it.
        
         | bradlys wrote:
         | Isn't the most effective way to find out what you'll be doing
         | is by measuring how many people are going to be under you
         | overall?
         | 
         | A "vp" at a startup with 20 people under them will likely have
         | very different responsibilities than a faang director with 200.
         | 
         | I believe this is why you get asked how many people are under
         | you when interviewing at these roles. The titles - as far as
         | I've seen - are mostly meaningless. It's about the scale of
         | your decisions. I know the article talks about the type of
         | influence/decisions you'll be making. (Executing others
         | decisions vs making the decisions) But I find it's rare for
         | these bigger companies to really give a shit about that. They
         | care more about how many people you've had under you. It's rare
         | to see someone be VP at startups with a few people (and that's
         | their only experience) and then be VP at faang in their next
         | role.
        
           | trentnix wrote:
           | The "number of people you've had under you" does provides
           | insight into what a role entails, but there's still a lot of
           | variance. What does seem to be uniform is that the "number of
           | people you've had under you" determines whether a hiring
           | company will think you're qualified for a job. Companies
           | simply aren't likely to take a "risk" hiring an outsider that
           | hasn't been in a role with a similar perceived scope of
           | responsibility. And since actual _here 's-what-you're-doing-
           | day-to-day_ responsibility can vary so much, the "number of
           | people you've had under you" becomes a proxy for that.
           | 
           | I understand the reasoning for why they put so much weight on
           | the number of reports you've been previously responsible for,
           | but it also explains why big companies stagnate. The people
           | change but the thinking and strategy doesn't.
        
         | trentnix wrote:
         | s/I'm/I've
        
         | hexator wrote:
         | And it's not necessarily a bad thing. I should think adaptive
         | roles would be a benefit, not a hazard. At my company we simply
         | list "software engineer, all levels" in our postings.
        
       | aarghh wrote:
       | Oh, sweet summer child...
       | 
       | > _But it's the same standard to which the CEO is held. If the
       | CEO makes a plan, gets it approved by the board, and executes it
       | well but it doesn't work, they cannot tell the board "but, but,
       | it's the plan we agreed to."_
        
       | sevensor wrote:
       | The junior engineer asking "how can I become a VP?" is classic.
       | Chances of you becoming a VP at the same place you worked as a
       | junior engineer are slim. I know one person who did it, it took
       | him 25 years, and he had been on the golf team in college, so he
       | had a lot more exposure to company VIPs than most. Change
       | employers while in middle management or you will spend a long
       | time there.
       | 
       | And that's assuming you even _like_ being a VP. Sure, the money's
       | good, but there's a lot of accountability and you either need to
       | be good at taking it or good at avoiding it.
        
         | hylaride wrote:
         | Hilariously, in the 2010s you didn't need to become a VP to
         | make that kind of money. You could go the principle or
         | distinguished engineer route and still make bank.
         | 
         | In many (more purely tech) companies it is not unusual for
         | senior engineers to be making the same salary as directors or
         | VPs, though that may now be starting to change.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | > The junior engineer asking "how can I become a VP?" is
         | classic.
         | 
         | How are they going to know what you just said without asking?
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | One thing that I learned from going to IC to manager:
       | 
       | there is a LOT of activity at the manager level that you never
       | see and therefore don't often think about when you are an IC.
       | 
       | Case in point: trying to retain good people.
       | 
       | Good people often times end up wanting to leave for a variety of
       | reasons ranging from ludicrous to 100% legitimate. They often
       | announce they are leaving to their direct manager and maybe one
       | other person (E.g. head of another team they work with etc).
       | 
       | Given that they are good and worth keeping, this triggers
       | escalations, meetings with the employee and between managers,
       | senior managers and HR. In the best case, this leads to a
       | successful retention.
       | 
       | However, the only people that know any of this happened are the
       | employee and the manager tier. The other employees have zero idea
       | any of this occurred unless someone shares/mentions it. I point
       | this out b/c multiple times as an IC, I thought "no one will care
       | if I leave b/c I never see managers actively trying to keep
       | people".
       | 
       | The point of this story is twofold: - managers do a lot of
       | "unseen" work - it's worth researching this kind of thing if you
       | are about to move from IC to manager.
        
         | fader wrote:
         | I had the same experience moving from IC to manager. I didn't
         | realize the amount of work that managers are doing that I
         | didn't see and more importantly that they couldn't tell me
         | about.
         | 
         | Retention is definitely one, but there's the flip side of
         | dealing with poor performance. You can't announce to everyone
         | that one of the team is on a PIP or struggling with personal
         | issues. But a poor performer means that I'm doing a _ton_ of
         | work to figure out how to fix the issue (whether that's
         | spending hours every week coaching them, building all the long-
         | term documentation that HR requires before we can fire someone,
         | picking up some of their slack myself in the meantime...)
         | 
         | Coordination of people also takes way more time than I realized
         | as an IC. If you meet with your manager once per week, that's
         | an hour out of your week. But your manager is meeting with
         | everyone on the team and a good manager is going to spend at
         | _least_ as much time thinking and planning for each of those
         | meetings as they spend in the meetings themselves even if
         | everything is going well. They have to make sure nobody is
         | accidentally working on the same thing or impacting someone
         | else, talking to other teams, that sort of thing. That one hour
         | out of your week is 1-2 days for your manager. Not to mention
         | that they then have to go do the same sort of coordination with
         | other teams.
         | 
         | You have something that blows up your week that you need to
         | escalate once per quarter? Multiply that by the number of
         | reports your manager has and that's how much time they've spent
         | fighting fires this quarter. And they need to explain to their
         | leadership what happened and why it won't happen again.
         | 
         | Etc. etc. It's not harder work, but it is very different work
         | from being an IC. (On the other hand, being a manager has made
         | me a better IC too. Everyone I've ever managed that was
         | previously a manager themselves has this -- they know exactly
         | what I need to know because they know what they needed to know,
         | so our 1:1s go much faster :) )
         | 
         | One anecdote I have is that when I first moved to a management
         | role, I told a colleague how happy I was that I'd finally have
         | real control over my calendar. After he finished laughing
         | (literally) he said "your calendar belongs to your team and
         | you'll never be in control of that again". He was absolutely
         | right: if something goes wrong or someone is unhappy,
         | everything else moves aside so I can fix my team's problem.
        
           | johnny_reilly wrote:
           | This is super interesting - thanks for sharing!
           | 
           | > Everyone I've ever managed that was previously a manager
           | themselves has this -- they know exactly what I need to know
           | because they know what they needed to know, so our 1:1s go
           | much faster
           | 
           | Could you provide some examples of what managers need to
           | know?
        
             | fader wrote:
             | It's less about what I need to know and more about how I
             | need to organize it. I get the same information from all of
             | my reports, but the ones who were managers hand it to me
             | ready to go where the others I get it from a conversation.
             | 
             | When I'm talking to my team, I need to know things like:
             | 
             | * Anything that is blocking them (and what they think will
             | solve that)
             | 
             | * Any unexpected events, fires that are about to start/have
             | started
             | 
             | * Progress on their tasks and any timeline updates
             | 
             | * Things they've heard from meetings with other teams that
             | might impact what they're working on or other people on the
             | team
             | 
             | The ICs who were managers previously tend to come to 1:1s
             | with this already sitting in our shared document outlined
             | roughly like I have above when we start our meeting. E.g.
             | 
             | * I'm waiting for Joe Bloggs to finish his API work before
             | I can build the user workflow for X. He was supposed to be
             | done last week but I'm still waiting. He's being very vague
             | about the timeline and I need to know when this will be
             | done so I can start work. Can you talk to him for me?
             | 
             | * Mary was out sick last week so didn't finish the design
             | for Y. We're working on it now and she'll be done by
             | Tuesday. I've put my work on Y on hold until then and am
             | focusing on Z instead. It should still be done by the
             | deadline.
             | 
             | * Status of Project Foo is...
             | 
             | * I had a sync with the database team yesterday. Did you
             | know that they're planning to move everything to paper tape
             | next quarter?
             | 
             | All of that would come out in a conversation anyway, but
             | having it like this focuses it and puts it in context
             | already (which is normally what I would need to do with
             | that info).
             | 
             | The real difference is that folks who have been managers
             | before tend to have a better understanding of what will
             | impact the larger team or project, not just their part of
             | it. I care about the individual too, but some of my brain
             | is always on the bigger picture.
        
               | johnny_reilly wrote:
               | Awesome - thank you
        
               | devonbleak wrote:
               | To add on to this I like things organized as: - things
               | you need my action on - things you need my input on -
               | things you think I need to be aware of that may need my
               | input/action later
        
           | ianmcgowan wrote:
           | I moved from IC to manager to director. Meetings in general
           | are a huge time suck, and by the end of my tenure, I was
           | basically triple-booked for the entire day every day. Every
           | evening was an exercise in deciding who to piss off. And the
           | emails! <Marvin/Android Voice>Don't get me started on the
           | emails! :-) Finishing the twilight of my career as an IC
           | consulting, and it's much better for me.
        
             | beardedwizard wrote:
             | How did you get started consulting? I'm in a similar spot,
             | been a director, don't really want to go back to it.
        
         | game_the0ry wrote:
         | > Case in point: trying to retain good people.
         | 
         | Word. IMO, one of the most important, yet underrated duties, of
         | a good manager.
         | 
         | As a leader, you want people to crawl over broken glass to want
         | to be by your side. If not, you end up like North Korea, where
         | you have to sell why people should stay, sometimes eve being
         | dishonest and intimidating in the process. Seeing the latter
         | happen is always a sad sight.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | One thing I discovered: almost everything a manager does has
           | a big lag between input and observed impact. Retention is one
           | of the slowest, it's like steering a cruise ship!
        
             | game_the0ry wrote:
             | I can't say I agree with this bc I have felt the immediate
             | impact of a key employee leaving, usually in the form of me
             | taking up their responsibilities. Even with a two-week,
             | sometimes even four-week, hand off, this turns into real
             | pain the moment that employee is gone.
             | 
             | So do not under-estimate the impact of retention.
        
               | nik_0_0 wrote:
               | People leaving is definitely a step-function of negatives
               | as the responsibilities get shared between the (now
               | smaller!) team.
               | 
               | I think GP was more saying that improving retention, at a
               | % level, is a slow ship to steer. (At least what is
               | available at the manager level.) Decreasing retention
               | across the org in the long term doesn't happen overnight,
               | and it can take a while to observe whether the effect is
               | trending downwards or upwards. (And also depends on what
               | signal you use - people actually leaving, or people
               | talking about leaving!)
        
         | surajrmal wrote:
         | If you are a very senior IC, managers may consult you in these
         | situations as well. Fishing for interesting projects or
         | possibly even trying to have you talk to the person leaving as
         | well. You generally would have context and an ability to
         | connect with the other IC in a way a manager may not. I've
         | never been in management but have on many occasions been roped
         | into these scenarios.
        
         | bognition wrote:
         | In my experience the inverse is also true. Dealing with
         | performance and behavioral issues can take a huge amount of
         | time, and it something that is never discussed with parties who
         | are not involved.
         | 
         | Well run engineering organizations are like a well running
         | engine. They need to have solid parts but they also need
         | constant attention and fine tuning. The best managers do this
         | well.
        
         | _puk wrote:
         | I agree about the hidden work, but you describe it in a
         | reactionary manner.
         | 
         | A huge amount of management effort goes into being proactive so
         | you don't even need to get to the point in the conversation
         | where they voice wanting to leave. Or when they do, you've seen
         | it coming, have plans in place and they move on with your
         | blessing.
         | 
         | * Creating a culture where employees (and managers) feel valued
         | and have autonomy.
         | 
         | * Ensuring employees are clear about where they are headed,
         | giving them something to work towards.
         | 
         | * Proactively identifying and unblocking issues before they
         | become crises, often across functions.
         | 
         | * Identifying areas of frustrations for teams and individuals.
         | 
         | That's just a small number of the things you'll be doing, and
         | whilst scope varies massively by company size (though until you
         | get to the large corp environment most of this is still covered
         | up to the VP / CTO level), you'll be juggling it all alongside
         | technical input, cross functional leadership responsibilities
         | (VP may well be in the SLT if the company isn't huge), horizon
         | scanning, constant process refinement.. The pillars of people,
         | process and technology all need to be constantly considered..
         | 
         | Having done this repeatedly from IC all the way through Head,
         | Director and VP level (and up to CTO), I can say that being a
         | proactive problem solver is always required of a good manager /
         | Director / VP.
         | 
         | Edit: Having read the actual article ;)
         | 
         | IC paths map this quite well too..
         | 
         | Tech Lead maps to manager, Staff maps to Director, Principal to
         | VP
        
           | AdamN wrote:
           | You can only be so proactive. At a ginormous company, the
           | pace of change is glacial. You can push really hard and get
           | buy-in from leaders with hundreds of people under them and
           | still get blocked trying to improve things about the
           | office/culture that are simply beyond one's control - even
           | with VP buy-in. Big companies need to federate out more if
           | they want this type of proactive management - or just accept
           | it and maybe that makes sense too.
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | "Reactive" - reactionary is a popular political alignment
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Well I hope it's not a popular one. A populist one?
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | Have you looked around?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Yes, I'm a big fan of it. Mostly what you learn is things
               | you see online aren't real. Also that people love free
               | parking.
        
         | SteveNuts wrote:
         | This is very true and I learned this quickly when moving to a
         | management role. As an IC, when someone is out for some life
         | event, it might mean more work for you to pick up the slack. As
         | a manager, everyone on your team's problems become your
         | problems.
         | 
         | Cancer/long-term illness, death in the family, miscarriages,
         | etc all weigh heavily on my mind when something happens to one
         | of my direct reports.
         | 
         | Not asking for pity, but being a manager has a heavy emotional
         | toll if you have even the slightest bit of empathy that I don't
         | think most ICs appreciate fully.
        
           | h4ny wrote:
           | I'm not trying to make light of your experience, and I do
           | appreciate that you care about people you have to look after
           | deeply.
           | 
           | However, I also don't think what you described is
           | professional with respect to being a manager. A manager's job
           | is to balance the interest between stakeholders and their
           | reports, make sure things happen as promised (and adjust
           | scope when promise can't be met), and make sure everyone in
           | their team grows (skill, remuneration, etc.).
           | 
           | > Cancer/long-term illness, death in the family,
           | miscarriages, etc all weigh heavily on my mind when something
           | happens to one of my direct reports.
           | 
           | These are not things that would affect you from being a good
           | manager. That's just part of the job of being a manager. It's
           | a different kind of problem, it's not necessarily heavier
           | problems. It's unhelpful, or even narcissistic, to think that
           | you're actually quietly taking on more burden for everyone
           | without being appreciated.
           | 
           | You should absolutely have empathy as a manager, but if your
           | empathy is weighing on you instead of enabling you to be a
           | better manager, then you're probably not doing a very good
           | job as a manager.
           | 
           | > Not asking for pity, but being a manager has a heavy
           | emotional toll if you have even the slightest bit of empathy
           | that I don't think most ICs appreciate fully.
           | 
           | I disagree. That's just an excuse of not doing what you
           | should be doing as a manager: manage things. See above.
           | 
           | If you are an empathetic person, if you work in a team where
           | people have/had "cancer/long-term illness, death in the
           | family, miscarriages, etc.", then it's emotionally just as
           | taxing whether you're an IC or a manager. In fact, if you
           | can't manage your emotions and get what needs to be done done
           | (damage control, repriortization, etc. to get things
           | shipped), then you're not doing your job as a manager.
           | 
           | Edit: feel free to downvote if you don't agree but much
           | appreciated if you also leave a response to say why you
           | disagree. Otherwise, I hope you feel good "punishing" people
           | just because you _feel_ differently but don 't actually have
           | a concrete argument against.
        
             | gmueckl wrote:
             | I don't see anything narcissistic about being a normal
             | human being with natural empathy for the people they work
             | with. Managing people does require emotional stability and
             | self control, though. ICs tend to automatically defer to
             | their managers. Sometimes, this leads the ICs to
             | misinterpret tiny reactions from their managers in
             | completely unintended ways. I find that negative,
             | emotionally charged reactions from managers are especially
             | likely to lead to unintended reactions from their ICs. As
             | an IC you try to not bring your personal life ups and does
             | to the job. This is even more important as a manager.
        
               | h4ny wrote:
               | > I don't see anything narcissistic about being a normal
               | human being with natural empathy for the people they work
               | with.
               | 
               | I agree but that's not what I said. What I said was it's
               | "unhelpful, or even narcissistic", for a manager to think
               | that being empathetic _as a manager_ is more emotionally
               | taxing than an IC.
               | 
               | > Managing people does require emotional stability and
               | self control, though.
               | 
               | It does. That's just being professional though. Being a
               | good coworker in general requires emotional stability and
               | self control. I'm not sure if you're trying to argue that
               | a manager has to have much greater ability to do those
               | than an IC since you seem to avoid saying that directly.
               | 
               | > ICs tend to automatically defer to their managers.
               | Sometimes, this leads the ICs to misinterpret tiny
               | reactions from their managers in completely unintended
               | ways. I find that negative, emotionally charged reactions
               | from managers are especially likely to lead to unintended
               | reactions from their ICs.
               | 
               | Uh, the reverse sounds just about as true? I'm honestly
               | not sure what the argument there is.
               | 
               | > As an IC you try to not bring your personal life ups
               | and does to the job. This is even more important as a
               | manager.
               | 
               | It's unclear from what you said why it's more important
               | as a manager -- that's just what _every_ professional
               | should do at a workplace. Can you please elaborate?
        
               | gmueckl wrote:
               | As a manager, you are always implicitly communicating
               | from a position of power. That changes what you can and
               | cannot say. It's not very hard to understand once you
               | experience it from a manager's perspective, but I don't
               | think that I would have truly understood this exclusively
               | from an IC's perspective, though.
        
               | yobbo wrote:
               | The part that is narcissistic is believing your empathy
               | is uniquely taking a toll on you.
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | > You should absolutely have empathy as a manager, but if
             | your empathy is weighing on you instead of enabling you to
             | be a better manager, then you're probably not doing a very
             | good job as a manager.
             | 
             | That sounds... very peculiar, un-empathetic a point of
             | view, like you are blaming someone for facing a difficult
             | moment.
             | 
             | Case in point, if you were to manage managers, and you had
             | to tell that to one of your report facing such a
             | situation... that would be, in that case, a fail in
             | management on your part.
             | 
             | You don't tell people in a tough spot to "toughen up", "not
             | good for that role", not even in corporate environments.
             | 
             | That's plain toxic. And inefficient (whereas you should be
             | looking for a way to improve the situation/morale in some
             | way, short term, and long term).
             | 
             | So you give them the space to explore the situation, their
             | feelings, and you support them to find their solutions.
             | That's how you lead by example. Not by jumping to
             | conclusion "oh... looks like someone's not fit for the
             | role".
        
             | darkerside wrote:
             | You make some good points, but it's important to keep in
             | mind that as a manager, when you are task allocating and
             | reprioritizing employee work, you need to keep your team's
             | individual challenges in mind. The same way that a
             | developer might need to manage server resources, or
             | consider the impact of a new feature on future maintenance,
             | a manager needs to solve the problem, except the resources
             | available to solve the problem happen to be human.
             | 
             | If a teammate has a sick parent, everyone on the team may
             | choose to empathize. For the manager, every challenge that
             | comes up, the parent sickness is one of your constraints to
             | be dealt with. You need to compartmentalize sufficiently
             | that you can think about this without stopping your work to
             | solve the problem, but not so much that you treat the
             | worker as a non-human resource. It can get a little tough.
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | > then it's emotionally just as taxing whether you're an IC
             | or a manager
             | 
             | Speaking from experience, at least for me that's not true.
             | For me the largest emotional toll is knowing that I'm
             | responsible for dealing with whatever is happening. Sure, I
             | might wind up taking the exact same actions as an IC. But
             | as an IC I don't *have* to. And that helps, even if just
             | enough.
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | s/has a heavy emotional toll/is emotional labor/
           | 
           | Sustainable labor requires care, including of the manager.
        
           | bigfatkitten wrote:
           | > Not asking for pity, but being a manager has a heavy
           | emotional toll if you have even the slightest bit of empathy
           | that I don't think most ICs appreciate fully.
           | 
           | I've been a manager, and I've also been a volunteer
           | firefighter for many years. I've seen a lot of things no
           | person should see.
           | 
           | My relatively brief stint in management kept me awake at
           | night more than the shotgun vs face suicide, or fatal motor
           | vehicle accidents that I attended in the same period. I think
           | it was because the fate of those people was well out of my
           | hands, but the livelihood of my direct reports was not.
        
             | hnisoss wrote:
             | you sound like a very empathetic person. But hear me out -
             | at end of the day, it's all just business. I was let go on
             | Thursday, 1 hour before end of shift, in a 60 seconds zoom
             | call. Got told that core team is working hands on in the
             | office, has high velocity, and me being remote is slowing
             | them down. I strongly suspect it was also about the fact
             | that this week they had me work on a project I haven't
             | touched yet, and I got no support to set the dev env
             | properly even. So I was developing blind, while also
             | working overtime to push changes to backend I joined to
             | work on. My wife just lost a kid, this was first job I had
             | in 8 months, just started on new year. We are in small
             | debt. I worked from 6 in the afternoon to 5 in the morning
             | (timezone difference) to output a lot, so they keep me and
             | raise my rate. Company raised 16mm but they're still
             | startup, yknow. So when push comes to shove you get let go
             | without them asking about any of that, or concern themself
             | with it. CEO almost bitterly thanked me for working with
             | them and notified me my contact is over and that's it, hung
             | up and left to work on their launch. Team didn't even
             | notice I m gone. I still went to coworking space today to
             | send CVs because I didn't have heart to tell wife we are
             | cooked again. But look, it happened before, I chose to do
             | this job. I'll deal with the fallout, find new one. It is
             | O.K., I'm not entitled to anyone's pitty. Like I said, that
             | is the risk of business. As manager you cannot set rules of
             | the company. And even if you could, sometimes you still
             | need to make hard decisions. You're not a rock in the
             | stream they can latch on, you are another man floating
             | downstream. Don't lose sleep.
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | There's also a huge part of "managing moods" to prevent people
         | from thinking about leaving in the first place. And all of that
         | within the constraints of the department budget and company
         | policies.
        
           | apwell23 wrote:
           | yes!! 90% of manager's job is setting the mood.
        
             | intelVISA wrote:
             | from vibe coding to vibe management
        
             | kridsdale1 wrote:
             | The real Vibe Coding
        
         | the_arun wrote:
         | I think smaller companies do think this way of retaining good
         | people. Large corporations believe anyone is replaceable. Again
         | I am an IC & don't see/hear any extra work done for retention.
         | This proves your point though.
        
           | gajjanag wrote:
           | > Large corporations believe anyone is replaceable.
           | 
           | This is definitely true. By design, large corporations are
           | structured so that there is no single point of failure.
           | 
           | > Again I am an IC & don't see/hear any extra work done for
           | retention.
           | 
           | Even in large corporations, extra work definitely happens for
           | retention (I have experienced it myself as an IC). Even
           | though everyone is by design replaceable, the organization
           | has some incentive to work on retention:
           | 
           | a) Bad retention hurts the organization's reputation and
           | future hiring (horror stories spread very fast)
           | 
           | b) Within the team, losing a great teammate hurts morale and
           | output and managers know it will result in a hit on their
           | metrics at least for the next half.
           | 
           | c) Managers may not always be able to backfill, and losing an
           | employee can reduce the size of their "empire" that they are
           | often trying so hard to establish at whatever cost.
        
             | riehwvfbk wrote:
             | There's also a constant tension between using fear as a
             | motivator to squeeze more work out of employees, but not
             | squeeze so hard that they quit. Different companies find
             | their own spot on this continuum. For example, Amazon is
             | famously in the sweatshop part of the scale and they could
             | care less about their reputation. They seem to be doing OK
             | though.
        
         | h4ny wrote:
         | > there is a LOT of activity at the manager level that you
         | never see and therefore don't often think about when you are an
         | IC.
         | 
         | That's what most bad managers I have worked tend to
         | _overestimate_ -- they think they are doing real work tanking
         | the team from  "bad" things when they are actually the one not
         | communicating with the team and just cave to upper management
         | every time when protecting your team really counts.
         | 
         | Most people I have worked with are aware that their average-to-
         | good managers have to deal with things that they don't see, and
         | when that understanding is mutual and respectful, then great
         | work happens. When the manager always thinks that they are
         | shielding bad things (when they are not) and the team isn't
         | getting the communication they need, that's when bad things
         | happen (and the manger ends up getting promoted and the rest of
         | the team gets laid-off anyway).
         | 
         | > Case in point: trying to retain good people.
         | 
         | It's actually not that difficult: just be honest to people,
         | treat them fairly, and be considerate.
         | 
         | If you spend more time arguing/reasoning why they don't deserve
         | to be promoted/get a raise than thinking about/making planning
         | for ways to get them promoted or fight for their salary, you're
         | just a bad manager. Sorry (assuming they even have the
         | awareness) is not good enough when you have screwed up
         | someone's career progression by half a year, let alone more. It
         | happens too often.
         | 
         | It baffles me that people think there is some sort of art or
         | science in retaining good people. If good people want to try
         | something completely and they can only do so by leaving, then
         | let them. Otherwise, if good people want to leave it's always
         | the company's fault (bad managers, insane colleagues who hurts
         | culture, and many other bad things).
         | 
         | > Good people often times end up wanting to leave for a variety
         | of reasons ranging from ludicrous to 100% legitimate. They
         | often announce they are leaving to their direct manager and
         | maybe one other person (E.g. head of another team they work
         | with etc).
         | 
         | Good people usually want to leave because the company is not
         | treating them well enough, it's as simple as that. If they
         | leave for reasons that you can't comprehend that doesn't make
         | them "ludicrous", you're just not good enough to understand
         | what's really pushing them to leave.
         | 
         | Bad people, on the other hand, would leave for a variety of
         | reasons, including ludicrous ones.
         | 
         | Assuming we are on the same page, good people are also often
         | professional. So of course they will announce they are leaving
         | to their direct manager, that's just the right, professional
         | thing to do. Not sure what you point is there.
         | 
         | > Given that they are good and worth keeping, this triggers
         | escalations, meetings with the employee and between managers,
         | senior managers and HR. In the best case, this leads to a
         | successful retention.
         | 
         | Successful retention in this case is very rare (unless they're
         | they are not as good as you think they are). By the time good
         | people want to leave, they have already made up their mind and
         | it would take some pretty drastic changes or life-changing kind
         | of money to keep them. It's rare that companies can make
         | drastic changes like that when they have already screwed up for
         | so long so that good people are pushed out. It's also rare
         | that, by the time someone has made up their mind on leaving,
         | that they genuinely want to stay even if the (new) price is
         | right -- most management doesn't realize that the implication
         | is that they have treated people unfairly for too long, and
         | people are not just going to forget about it when you offer
         | them more money now (what about all the time they have been
         | underpaid?).
         | 
         | > However, the only people that know any of this happened are
         | the employee and the manager tier. The other employees have
         | zero idea any of this occurred unless someone shares/mentions
         | it. I point this out b/c multiple times as an IC, I thought "no
         | one will care if I leave b/c I never see managers actively
         | trying to keep people".
         | 
         | That's just bad company policy and most likely management is
         | silencing people for some downright stupid reasons. If good
         | people are leaving, their leaving usually already says it all,
         | and silence actually makes other good people even more
         | suspicious of the management.
         | 
         | In most cases, other employees who have good working
         | relationship with good people actually have a better idea than
         | management. If you're talking about people who don't
         | know/haven't worked with those good people then... they
         | wouldn't have cared either way.
         | 
         | So yes, the only reason people don't know is because it's now
         | common practice to get people leaving to agree to NDAs --
         | especially when they aren't just leaving on normal
         | terms/compensation -- even when there is absolutely no reason
         | for them to sign any NDAs. It's not because nobody wants to
         | tell, it's because people have been scared into not
         | talking/literally gagged.
         | 
         | In the end, if you're not a narcissist, why do you want anyone
         | you're not close to care about you leaving anyway? As long as
         | you get well-compensated where necessary, chances are the
         | people who really care about you already know what's happening
         | anyway.
         | 
         | > The point of this story is twofold: - managers do a lot of
         | "unseen" work - it's worth researching this kind of thing if
         | you are about to move from IC to manager.
         | 
         | "Unseen" is overrated in my opinion. In the context of moving
         | from IC to manger, the word "unexpected" is more apt then
         | "unseen".
         | 
         | Alternatively, if there is a lot of "unseen" work, then the
         | manager is basically work that they aren't communicating to the
         | reports AND their reports can't hold them accountable to those
         | "unseen" work, which is clearly a sign of broken communication
         | and cultural problem. You can argue about most managers don't
         | actually see the work that good reports do equally well.
        
           | jimnotgym wrote:
           | > It's actually not that difficult: just be honest to people,
           | treat them fairly, and be considerate.
           | 
           | Then why do we see so many people complaining about bad
           | managers?
        
           | beardedwizard wrote:
           | You make it sound like employees are perfect and communicate
           | transparently at all times. Many people lack the ability to
           | be self critical and want to avoid confrontation. That often
           | leads to surprises, a managers worst friend.
        
             | betaby wrote:
             | Not op. But to refute 'You make it sound like employees are
             | perfect and communicate transparently at all times' and
             | 'surprises, a managers worst friend'.
             | 
             | Modern workplaces forced quarterly reviews, thus there
             | should be no surprises. In practise reviews actively
             | prohibit employees from communicating transparently.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | The issues with any of these things is bad
               | companies/managers burn lots more people than good
               | companies, hence creating large numbers of people with
               | zero trust in things like reviews.
               | 
               | This is, if you've been burned by a company getting rid
               | of you after being transparent, you are never going to be
               | transparent again even if it would be in your favor. Then
               | when you look at most companies thinking the most
               | important thing is how much profit they are going to make
               | next quarter that quarterly meeting stops looking like an
               | event to see how you are doing, into one where the
               | company determines how much blood they can extract from
               | your withered corpse.
        
               | beardedwizard wrote:
               | Your last sentence makes me think we agree. In my
               | experience employees perceive they have much more to lose
               | from transparency. If they are low agency, not actively
               | bad and defer when asked what they want, you may be
               | surprised when they finally quit.
        
         | apwell23 wrote:
         | you should never try to retain someone thats trying to leave.
         | Even if you are successful at the moment they will leave
         | eventually.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Is this always true?
           | 
           | If their only concerns are things a manager can change, then
           | why would they leave if they get what they were seeking
           | elsewhere?
        
             | kyleee wrote:
             | Definitely not always true; but commonly stated as truth.
        
             | super_trooper wrote:
             | Not always true. I've coached people to stay before and
             | they are still at the company. Sometimes they have concerns
             | that actually could be fixed from management. People are
             | complex and have many different reasons for wanting to
             | leave, some fixable some not.
        
               | apwell23 wrote:
               | > Sometimes they have concerns that actually could be
               | fixed from management.
               | 
               | curious. what are some examples of this and why do they
               | take threat of leaving before management fixes it.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | My uncle wanted more money, and when his current employer
               | counter offered he stayed for years afterward.
        
             | aprdm wrote:
             | Not true in my experience being on both sides of the
             | equation
        
           | bravetraveler wrote:
           | Conversely, if an employer tries to retain you, the safest
           | assumption is _'... until your replacement appears '_
           | 
           | No honor among thieves, etc. I've given every place a chance
           | just to see what happens, it's always been a joke. The
           | dynamics don't work.
           | 
           | I was promised $50k last time! Not enough to look over my
           | shoulders _even more_.
        
             | hackable_sand wrote:
             | The idiom is "honor amongst thieves", i.e. MF DOOM:
             | 
             | > It don't make no sense, what happened to the loyalty?
             | 
             | > Honor amongst crooks, trust amongst royalty.
        
               | bravetraveler wrote:
               | Credit where it's due, but language exists to be used. I
               | wasn't quoting their work but countless bad movies
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | Ah yes. I see now that your negation works out to be the
               | same expression.
               | 
               | Sorry about your rug pull experience though.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > The idiom is "honor amongst thieves"
               | 
               | This is obviously false.
               | 
               | But if you really need documentation,
               | https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/44388/is-
               | there-h... has collected quite a lot of it.
        
           | driverdan wrote:
           | If someone puts in a resignation then sure, let them go. But
           | if they come to you, their manager, and say "I'm thinking
           | about leaving" it's a different situation. They may have a
           | legitimate reason that you can solve to their satisfaction.
        
             | apwell23 wrote:
             | never respond to threats or negotiate with terrorists
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | I find far too often that people that state things like
               | the are the terrorists.
        
         | 9rx wrote:
         | _> there is a LOT of activity at the manager level that you
         | never see and therefore don 't often think about when you are
         | an IC._
         | 
         |  _This_ is what needs to be discussed in standups, yet
         | strangely never is.
        
         | Rickasaurus wrote:
         | Crisis management is a big part of the job, and the more people
         | you have the higher the chance there is a crisis at any given
         | point in time. Around 100 devs there's usually at least 1-2
         | things going on at any given time.
        
         | moregrist wrote:
         | Personally I think spending huge amounts of time on retention
         | _after_ someone resigns indicates huge, possibly org-wide,
         | problems with communication and career development.
         | 
         | There are lots of reasons people resign, but a lot of the time
         | it comes back to feeling bored, under appreciated, or that
         | their career has stalled. If you're actively managing a team,
         | you should be balancing these things, _and it should be
         | obvious_ at least to people who are paying attention. Both
         | developing someone's career and signaling that you want to help
         | are fundamental in a manager building good relationships with
         | their reports.
         | 
         | Or as Rands in Repose points out in his post on "Diving Save"
         | [1]:
         | 
         | > Diving Saves are usually a sign of poor leadership. People
         | rarely just up and leave. There are a slew of obvious warning
         | signs I've documented elsewhere, but the real first question
         | you have to ask yourself once you get over the shock of an
         | unexpected resignation is: "Did you really not see it coming?
         | Really?"
         | 
         | If you routinely don't see it coming, maybe your reports have a
         | legit gripe about what you're spending your time on.
         | 
         | [1] https://randsinrepose.com/archives/the-diving-save/
        
         | dskhatri wrote:
         | Part of being a manager is to be proactive in trying to retain
         | the good people. Increasing their visibility within the
         | leadership and across the organization, paying keen attention
         | to their career goals, selling these goals in advance to your
         | manager and others within the organization, clearing hurdles
         | that may be affecting their work etc.
         | 
         | And most importantly, plan for their departure. Do you have any
         | internal candidates to take their position? What would it take
         | to hire somebody and bring them to the IC's level?
         | 
         | When they finally decide they want to move on, you have
         | hopefully laid the groundwork to keep them at the company (they
         | move to a different group with an opportunity that matches
         | their ambitions), or you don't have the arduous task of
         | replacing them all of a sudden.
        
         | notyourwork wrote:
         | Its a good example to call out but it should be obvious to
         | anyone genuinely considering the transition. Managers are there
         | to manage people, the job is easy when the teams awesome and
         | the jobs hard when the team isn't awesome. This includes poor
         | performance, attrition, and people drama. All things that come
         | with the territory of managing humans.
        
         | whoevercares wrote:
         | Does anyone tell their manager they are leaving and still
         | expecting anything nowadays? I thought dive-and-save is very
         | rare since the flattening trend happened (esp. in big tech)
        
           | jcadam wrote:
           | Never experienced the dive-and-save myself. Usually a wince
           | and a sigh, followed by "oh... when's your last day?" Your
           | first line supervisor is upset, but resigned that he's
           | powerless to do anything substantive that might retain you.
           | The MBAs at corporate HQ couldn't care less, and it'll take
           | them weeks/months to get around to approving a new job req.
        
         | class3shock wrote:
         | Are you saying you, as a manager, are running a group so poorly
         | that you have enough churn to where retention makes up a large
         | percentage what you work on day to day?
         | 
         | Or are you saying your company treats/pays employees so poorly
         | that there is significant turnover throughout the organization?
         | And instead of generally treating/paying employees better they
         | rather have middle management spend a significant amount of
         | their time discussing retention?
         | 
         | And you are choosing to highlight this as something IC's should
         | appreciate that management has to deal with?
        
           | snoman wrote:
           | You're getting downvoted, it seems, but you raise a very real
           | point: you need to have a high turnover, or rough span of
           | control ratios, in order for this to be a common interrupt.
           | 
           | Especially given it's well known that people don't leave
           | companies, they leave bad managers... it's a bit telling.
           | 
           | Anecdotally: I spent 6-7 years managing at various levels
           | (manger/sr mgr/director) before going back to an IC role, and
           | I had a single regrettable attrition (+2 non-regrettable) in
           | that time.
        
             | moregrist wrote:
             | > Especially given it's well known that people don't leave
             | companies, they leave bad managers...
             | 
             | I know this is an old saw because it's usually true, but
             | I've left companies where I had a good relationship with my
             | manager because I lost confidence in leadership at some
             | level above them.
             | 
             | Sometimes you can see the train wreck coming and it's time
             | to go.
        
         | jamwil wrote:
         | Would someone be so kind as to tell me what IC stands for?
        
           | caleblloyd wrote:
           | Individual Contributor- a position that doesn't have reports
        
         | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
         | > Given that they are good and worth keeping, this triggers
         | escalations, meetings with the employee and between managers,
         | senior managers and HR.
         | 
         | Locking, barn, horses etc.
        
         | oytis wrote:
         | Sounds like pretty bad point to intervene though? If I decided
         | to leave, and even announced it I'm probably pretty pissed off
         | already. I probably raised my concerns before - or if I
         | haven't, it is an indication of dysfunction of its own, I just
         | had no space for that. In the best case you give me something
         | that convinces me not to leave - and my takeaway will be that
         | things are only going to change if I threaten with leaving.
        
       | gsf_emergency_2 wrote:
       | Steve Jobs on a related topic, what it means to be a leader:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/rQKis2Cfpeo
       | 
       | Guess VPs (according to both) are it
        
         | Nemi wrote:
         | I am not a big fan of Steve overall, but the one thing he
         | inherently understood was "identity". How I am using "identity"
         | in this context is, how someone sees themselves. It is the
         | story they tell themselves about themselves. I am a good
         | leader. I and good at solving problems. I am a dog person. I am
         | tidy or I am sloppy. And on and on.
         | 
         | If you hire for identity rather than skillset, you don't have
         | to manage people. They self-manage. My best managers were ones
         | where the product that they managed was a part of their
         | identity. How it worked. How reliable it was. They weren't
         | always the smartest people. It often took them longer to solve
         | problems. BUT, they solved them on their own, without me having
         | to supervise. Because they would not give up on the problem
         | until it was solved. To give up would be to admit that their
         | identity was flawed, and that just was not an option.
         | 
         | When you hire people like this effectively as a leader you must
         | really allow them to own it. They must have the responsibility
         | and the authority to make decisions, even when those decisions
         | differ from what decision you would make. Results are what
         | matters.
         | 
         | Steve understood this.
        
           | chrz wrote:
           | thanks for putting into words what i realised but couldnt
           | formulate. best workers were ones where the product that they
           | managed was a part of their identity.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | This is important, but you still have to manage those people
           | because nothing lasts forever and they can burn out!
        
       | skeeter2020 wrote:
       | Some of this seems a little simplistic; as a relatively new
       | director who reports to the CTO I think everyone is "building the
       | plan" but at different levels of granularity. Where we run into
       | trouble is when the CTO gets too far away from defining the broad
       | outcomes and veers deep into the "how". They get very
       | prescriptive, but without the context of the implementation
       | details or any real knowledge of the countless small problems
       | that directors, then managers, then ICs deal with. It looks a lot
       | like (and really is a falvour of) micro-managing.
       | 
       | >> It conflates career development and salary negotiation
       | 
       | I just went through this with an IC 2 levels below me. To the
       | credit of the person's manager they communicated to the IC "don't
       | ask me for a promotion when you want more money". The (easily
       | said; harder to implement) solution is to build a management
       | relationship with people that has an "agent-client" dynamic. The
       | direct manager can't be viewed as the decision maker and needs to
       | be the advocate for this to happen IME.
        
       | nine_zeros wrote:
       | I think this post is excellent. It clearly describes the problem
       | in many companies - granular levels/ladder climbing.
       | 
       | It also describes another great problem that shows up in tech -
       | non-technical/non-owner managers, directors, and VP.
       | 
       | As described in this article, the VP is supposed to be the expert
       | who created the plan of execution, the director is supposed to be
       | the expert who executes it.
       | 
       | But in big tech at least, this is not what happens. VPs and
       | directors are clueless to the point of incompetence. They
       | understand politics but not how to drive with leadership, deep
       | technical understanding, planning, communication, and direction.
       | They spend an enormous amount of time in BS like stack ranking
       | and perf reviews instead of creating solid plans that move the
       | company needle - externally.
       | 
       | As a result, in large companies, you see the corporate hellhole
       | decline. VPs and Directors are not respected at all. They can't
       | answer much. They aren't clued in on the tech. They don't
       | understand competition. They don't understand innovation. They do
       | understand ladder climbing politics - so they create an empire of
       | ladder climbers.
       | 
       | It is almost hilarious how poor some tech management is. Would
       | you join a ship where the captain does not how ship-steering
       | works?
        
       | setgree wrote:
       | > The biggest single development issue I've seen over the years
       | is that many VPs still think like directors.
       | 
       | > The VP's job is to get the right answer. They are the
       | functional expert. No one on the team knows their function better
       | than they do. And even if someone did, they are still playing the
       | VP of function role and it's their job - and no one else's -- to
       | get the right answer.
       | 
       | > If the CEO makes a plan, gets it approved by the board, and
       | executes it well but it doesn't work, they cannot tell the board
       | "but, but, it's the plan we agreed to." Most CEOs wouldn't even
       | dream of saying that. It's because CEOs understand they are held
       | accountable not for effort or activity, but results. Part of
       | truly operating at the VP level is to internalize this fact.
       | 
       | Alas that I read this 6 years too late, because it perfectly
       | explains what went wrong at my then-company. A member of the
       | C-suite came up with (what sounded like) a good strategy, but it
       | didn't work because the engineering team wasn't able to execute
       | well enough; and rather than either modify the plan to account
       | for this or shift his attention to fixing the engineering culture
       | -- which might have been politically impossible, but was still
       | his responsibility to try -- he doubled down and became more
       | obsessed with implementing the details of a losing plan. In other
       | words, he was thinking like a director.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, another front-page item today is a reminder of why
       | this stuff matters: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43431675
        
         | codemac wrote:
         | A great book is "Strategy and the Fat Smoker". It's written by
         | a consultant but points out an obvious point: the quality of
         | the strategy itself is not nearly as impactful as the ability
         | to execute. The author compares this to being a fat smoker who
         | won't change their habits - knowing the right strategy is
         | insufficient.
        
           | 11101010001100 wrote:
           | Only a consultant would manage to fill a book with such a
           | trivial observation.
        
       | jakey_bakey wrote:
       | This is an interesting way of thinking about it compared to the
       | common definition that uses "scope" (which outside IC roles is a
       | synonym for to headcount)
        
       | sage76 wrote:
       | The main job of these "managers" is repeatedly asking "when will
       | this get done?" and "Why isn't it done yet?".
       | 
       | You could hire a parrot to do these jobs.
        
       | alistairSH wrote:
       | I found it interesting that the author mentioned tactical
       | planning for manager and director, but not strategic planning for
       | the VP. That seems like a useful differentiator to me (with
       | extremely contrived examples)...
       | 
       | C-level - sets highest level strategy (We're going to the moon!)
       | 
       | VP - adds level of detail to strategy (draws a map from earth to
       | the moon, decides we need a rocket ship to get there)
       | 
       | Director - bridges strategy and tactics (creates high level
       | requirements the rocket ship, makes sure there are enough gas
       | stations on the way to the moon)
       | 
       | Manager - ensures tactical success (ensures the team builds a
       | rocket that meets the spec, makes sure the rocket stops for gas
       | on the way)
       | 
       | And of course, for a sufficiently large org, some of this gets
       | offloaded to dedicated Product Managers, Program Managers, etc.
       | But, that's orthogonal to the point of the article, I think.
        
         | nyclounge wrote:
         | VP seems like just a title that corporation gives out when they
         | run out of brownie points or something.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | I think the impression comes from banks, because you need to
           | be a VP to sign contracts for the company or something like
           | that, so they just make everyone a VP.
        
         | 110jawefopiwa wrote:
         | C-level - sets highest level strategy (We're going to the
         | moon!)
         | 
         | VP - Tells directors to work faster
         | 
         | Director - Tells managers to work faster
         | 
         | Manager - unblocks team
         | 
         | ICs - do real work
        
           | jimnotgym wrote:
           | Or another way to put it is
           | 
           | VP- protects their empire from the C level
           | 
           | Director- protects their department from the VP
           | 
           | Manager- protects their team from the director
           | 
           | IC- can get real work done because they are protected from
           | this political crap
        
       | stackedinserter wrote:
       | If you want to be a VP, just come to a company where I work. It's
       | not been growing in size for like 15 years, and these top ranks
       | have been saturating with people who asked for promotions.
       | 
       | Everyone is VP, director or head of something to the point that
       | it just looks ridiculous when His Highness Head of QA and His
       | Majesty CTO stay late in the office to fix that useEffect hook in
       | the cancel subscription pop-up.
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | Obligatory UK translation here: If you're reading this in the UK,
       | when he writes "Director", the nuance is different. In the UK,
       | this means _Company Director_ most of the time, although the US
       | influence is changing this.
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | Really appreciate this post as I try making the leap from Senior
       | IC Engineer into a "next rung up" role (currently aiming for
       | Enterprise Architect, Principal IC Engineer, or Management of
       | ICs); it really helps explain what mindset I should be having for
       | each phase, should I seek to continue upward growth.
       | 
       | In the here and now, it seems like my "sweet spot" is to aim for
       | Director in the next five years or so, regardless of the next
       | role I eventually take (currently on the hunt due to RIF). I'm
       | already at the point where I'm mentoring junior colleagues,
       | delegating tasks among the team, and spending more time on
       | tactics and strategy than daily engineering work - and that seems
       | to fit with a Director role, albeit cross-function and cross-
       | domain (which is what I _already do_ , being an infra engie that
       | can also do networking _and_ storage _and_ public cloud _and_
       | collaboration - _Senior_ jack of all trades). Above that (VP,
       | etc)...I dunno, guess it depends on what kind of person I am in
       | five years ' time, after I've hit Director and had some
       | experience in that role.
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | I think to be a manager, also 'read the room', or 'context'.
         | Your response is just a bunch of "I this" , "I That". Nobody
         | knows you. What does your current step in life have to do with
         | anything, with anybody else.
         | 
         | The "I" isn't important. At best someone that does this, could
         | just bore everyone, or at worst could alienate, or give
         | impression as arrogant, self centered, if you are only talking
         | about yourself. (you didn't, but could lead to that).
         | 
         | It is possible to phrase information in a non-self referential
         | way. Talk about what others want to hear about.
        
           | apwell23 wrote:
           | hah yea i have very low confidence that this person is going
           | be sucessful at their goal the way they described it
           | 
           | seemed like the opposite of what i suggested here
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43434340
        
             | stego-tech wrote:
             | Ya'll be reading way too much into a potential management
             | or leadership style based on one comment about what _I
             | specifically_ took away from the OP and how it affected _me
             | specifically_. If anything, the vibe I 'm getting back is
             | that you're the types to make strong judgements based on
             | single sources absent broader context, which is _not_
             | something I 'd want in either an engineer _or_ a leader
             | above me, as it demonstrates a degree of inflexibility or
             | unwillingness to be wrong. The one above you at least
             | challenged me in a way I could respond to, rather than
             | resorting to an insult masquerading as critique based upon
             | _one comment_.
             | 
             | Take your own advice:
             | 
             | > Genuinely like ppl around you from your heart ( not fake
             | it)
             | 
             | Folks who genuinely empathize with others aren't quick to
             | resort to anonymized slights based on limited information,
             | in my experience. Rather, it's the fakers who all too
             | quickly devolve into brash and flippant comments when they
             | feel they're safe behind some sort of shield. I'm aware
             | this is a bit hypocritical on my part saying it this way,
             | but sometimes you gotta wade into the mud to make your
             | case.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | That is how I meant it. Just observation.
               | 
               | When I was younger engineer. I did 'I' self reference
               | speech a lot. It was years later I realized it was
               | alienating people. Now really focus more time on
               | listening, and only speaking about what the other person
               | is interested in. Now when others are always using "I",
               | it just stands out at me.
               | 
               | People really are simple, and want to talk about
               | themselves, so if you realize this, and talk about what
               | others want to talk about, you get along better.
               | 
               | I picked it up from Dale Carnegie, 'How to Win Friends
               | and Influence People'.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Win_Friends_and_Infl
               | uen...
        
               | apwell23 wrote:
               | Yep its very for almost everyone because so much of our
               | identity is tied around I and its very hard to let that
               | go. I personally struggle with that a lot.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | ...yeah, I get that, and have been articulating that better
           | through career coaching, leadership skills development, and
           | actual work. My comment on this piece _was_ self-referential,
           | though, in an attempt to explain what _I_ got from the piece,
           | and how it affected _me_. Hence the extensive use of I
           | /Me/first-person-perspective.
           | 
           | In an actual leadership role, _my_ role is to build and
           | maintain the bridge between _our_ team, _their_ expertise,
           | and the agendas of those above _us_. I champion _their_
           | successes, and shelter _them_ from unwarranted blame. _I_ set
           | the tone, and in order for _them_ to be successful, it needs
           | to be a tone _they_ resonate positively with. It 's a role
           | that's part translator, part leader, part firewatcher, and
           | part strategist, all on top of the usual IC stuff - at least
           | initially, or as needed (e.g., headcount reductions, RIFs).
           | 
           | At least for initial management roles, it's about maintaining
           | balance - ensuring the team is productive and can succeed,
           | without letting them burn themselves out or get dragged into
           | "makework"/"busywork".
        
       | throwaway-0101 wrote:
       | Wow, this post could not have come at a more welcome time.
       | 
       | I'm a Solutions Architect, and after 4 years in-role am agitating
       | for advancement; a 2-year merger put everything for everyone on
       | hold until its resolution. It's become clear that there has been
       | no plan for advancement.
       | 
       | After unsolicited and vague promises of a director or even VP(!?)
       | role before the merger resolution, they have since been talking
       | of *maybe* a manager, or maybe *maybe* senior manager role.
       | *Maybe* managing just two of my current developers, whom they are
       | preparing to off-shore. This all while they have promoted another
       | SA to a director position; a well-deserved promotion at that.
       | 
       | Oh, they're also getting rid of the Solutions Architect job
       | itself: soon I will be "Lead Analyst".
       | 
       | This is all to say that the post and all your comments are very
       | helpful! Love this site.
        
       | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
       | In my experience:
       | 
       | 1.) As a manager I was working tactically to facilitate the day-
       | to-day plans of my leaders. I also functioned as a buffer between
       | those leaders and my direct reports. I typically made a decent
       | bit LESS than my direct reports as I was management, not
       | development.
       | 
       | 2.) As a director (I was responsible for an entire main product)
       | I developed, negotiated, and implemented a long term (1 - 5
       | years) strategic plan for a product. I primarily interacted with
       | team/focus managers and the directors of the company (Prez, VPs,
       | etc.) to further those goals. I made considerably more than my
       | direct reports and had options as part of total comp.
       | 
       | 3.) As a (junior) VP I primarily did coordination between product
       | line directors and the operational heads (EVP, Prez). Focused on
       | long term corporate strategy which tended to be much more about
       | finance than about product. Dealt a lot with VC/investor
       | relations, corporate partnerships and market positioning.
        
       | taylorbuley wrote:
       | Dave Kellogg is definitely someone worth listening to.
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | A lot of manager talk on HN lately. Time to start Manager News?
        
         | Rooster61 wrote:
         | Many times, the best managers are the ones that are good
         | hackers in the first place.
         | 
         | I get tired of the "eww, management is where engineers who
         | can't hack it go to die" trope.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Also very dependent on sector.
       | 
       | Noticed hn in general seems to consider VP pretty senior. In my
       | day to day finance world it's basically middle management. i.e.
       | People still pretty deep in the detail
        
         | nilkn wrote:
         | In finance, this would be more like a managing director (e.g.,
         | in Two Sigma, one of the engineering leaders reporting directly
         | to the CTO). You're totally right that "VP" just refers to more
         | like a mid-level or senior engineer in that world.
        
       | keeptrying wrote:
       | This is also why starting your own thing will give you better
       | experience at being a VP than working at a 9-5.
       | 
       | (But it's also harder than being a VP.)
       | 
       | And if you're going back to 9-5 after an unsuccessful startup
       | stint, look for VP or GM like roles. Anything else won't have
       | enough degrees of freedom to keep you happy
        
       | game_the0ry wrote:
       | Some advice to the managers and aspiring managers from the
       | perspective an employee.
       | 
       | Good qualities in managers:
       | 
       | * I have a lot to learn from you
       | 
       | * you reward me with promotions and bonuses when I do well
       | 
       | * you can sell a vision, even a small one, and motivate me
       | 
       | * you take my problems and concerns seriously and do not ignore
       | them, rather than gas-lighting me and trying to paint my concerns
       | as the problem
       | 
       | * you have the awareness to figure out what my core motivations
       | are, and have and skill to align your goals with mine, thus
       | putting both of us on a path towards shared success
       | 
       | * you are forthcoming and honest with your feedback, bc you see
       | my blindspots and tell me about them so I can fix them
       | 
       | * you understand that too much attrition is a bad signal for
       | management success
       | 
       | * you understand that as a leader you understand accountability
       | -- you deserve a greater proportion of the success but also the
       | downside when things go bad
       | 
       | * I want to crawl over broken glass for you bc of all of the
       | above bc you have earned my loyalty
       | 
       | Bad qualities in managers:
       | 
       | * there isn't much to learn from you, and the best thing I can
       | learn is not how to be bad manager, bc you're a bad manager and I
       | know it
       | 
       | * if you leave and my performance does not suffer, it means your
       | presence never had a positive effect (or any effect) in my role
       | 
       | * you gas light me when I bring up problems and concerns,
       | shifting any responsibly form you to me
       | 
       | * you are neurotic and I need to work around your emotions to
       | make you "feel good", and I get more reward for this than
       | actually delivering work
       | 
       | * you do not have the courage to give me difficult feedback that
       | I need to hear bc you are afraid of having uncomfortable and
       | awkward conversations
       | 
       | * you are so preoccupied with making _your_ manager happy that
       | you sacrifice your employees to accomplish this
       | 
       | * you do not care enough about attrition and underestimate the
       | consequences of losing good employees, mostly bc your employees
       | feel the consequences, not you
       | 
       | * bc of your lack of skill as manager, the relationships you have
       | with your employees end up being adversarial rather then a shared
       | success..no one wants to crawl over broken glass to work for you
       | and the employees who stick around do not want to be there
       | 
       | * you do not understand accountability -- you repeatedly make
       | poor decisions bc you never face the consequences, until its too
       | late and then you get fired bc at that point, its obvious the
       | problems was you all along
       | 
       | * you were promoted bc you kissed the right ass at the right
       | time, which does great damage to your world view bc now you
       | assume this is just the way the world works
       | 
       | I could keep going, but that should suffice for now.
        
       | yujzgzc wrote:
       | This puts words over why I don't want to be promoted. I've
       | watched enough VPs looking enviously at the seemingly stress free
       | life (comparatively speaking) of lower level staff engineers,
       | busy as they are shuffling from one escalation to another instead
       | of actually building stuff.
        
         | seneca wrote:
         | You're not wrong. Upper management is a very stressful grind
         | with little glory. It used to be that it was paid very well to
         | compensate for that, but staff engineer jobs are close enough
         | in comp now that the difference in stress becomes really
         | questionable.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | ...What do they actually do all day?
           | 
           | I understand what line managers do just fine, but our company
           | works on a process where important projects are supervised by
           | a VP, which really leaves you with the feeling that you never
           | see what the directors are doing. Presumably they're doing
           | something. Although my last one got fired because everyone
           | under him thought he was useless, so maybe not.
           | 
           | Reading the article, it also makes them sound useless because
           | it just says it's okay if they have an excuse for failing.
        
       | runamuck wrote:
       | When I had an IC role, I would recommend tech projects and
       | execute them w/ my team (we can solve "problem X" with "tech
       | stack Y"). I also had a lot of agency in creating solutions for
       | tech proposals. When I had the director role, I made sure nobody
       | wasted time. I would qualify deals to chase, recommend strategies
       | and core competencies to pursue (AI and Cloud yes, Blockchain and
       | Quantum no). Now, in my VP role I try to get people good at
       | making these strategy decisions (we should follow shipley for
       | capture, etc.). Also, a LOT more relationship capital building
       | and external COMMs at the VP level.
        
       | jimnotgym wrote:
       | Interstingly in a traditional British company directors are the
       | most senior and VPs don't exist. A director would be a board
       | level job, as in a statutory director.
       | 
       | Obviously there are a lot of US companies in the UK and their
       | influence spreads...
        
       | anthomtb wrote:
       | Is it me or do attempts to generalize career development across
       | companies seem futile?
       | 
       | The concrete example here I can give is working at one company
       | where "Manager" meant you had 10+ direct reports and were
       | expected to do almost no technical work. Versus a second company
       | where "Manager" meant you had 4-5 directs and were doing
       | significant amount of technical work. The path from IC to Manager
       | at company 1 had almost no commonalities with company 2 despite
       | similar-sounding titles.
       | 
       | I guess what I am saying is that promotion ladders are so tightly
       | integrated with company norms that attempting to seek outside
       | advice on "how do I get to the next level" seems useless.
       | 
       | Edit: To rephrase more succinctly - Are articles like TFA useless
       | or do I not know how to interperet them?
        
       | class3shock wrote:
       | To be a good manager means to run a team well and get stuff done.
       | To be a good VP means to increase shareholder value. To be a
       | director means you are at some percentage of completion of the
       | soul/morality extraction process that happens when transitioning
       | from the first to the second.
        
       | balls187 wrote:
       | "I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the
       | difference."
       | 
       | I vaguely remember a quote that goes "No kid ever dreamed about
       | growing up to be a middle manager."
       | 
       | I get that work is just a means to an end, but find something you
       | love to do. If you love management, that's great. I love being an
       | engineer, and prefer to be a player/coach over just a leader, and
       | hate that as I get older my age is looked down on.
        
         | pc86 wrote:
         | IME the only time (higher) age is looked down on is when it's
         | used a crutch by that person - whether its derision of others
         | because they're _not_ as old, or  "I've been around longer than
         | you so you should listen to me simply because of that" or
         | whatever the case may be.
         | 
         | I've worked with great people who were decades older than
         | everyone else on the team, and nobody cared how old they were.
         | I've also worked with people who sounded like a caricature of
         | the worst parts of early 90's Usenet. That eyes almost
         | universally rolled every time they opened their mouth had
         | absolutely nothing to do with their age, although I'd bet my
         | next paycheck they would insist that was why.
        
       | shermantanktop wrote:
       | I always say being a manager is one of the toughest jobs around,
       | tougher than most IC jobs. But at the same time, bad managers
       | have many more avenues to escape accountability than ICs do.
       | 
       | I greatly respect the good managers I know. But as a current
       | example, one of their direct peers has spent several years
       | driving off top talent, failing to deliver on goals, and is now
       | encouraging others to quit in order to destroy their own team on
       | the way out...and is currently on a multi month leave of absence!
       | And their boss says "oh but you see I must follow process x" and
       | "the problem has only recently gotten this bad." All of which are
       | bullshit lies to cover the fact that this toxic manager has been
       | very effective at deflecting and avoiding.
       | 
       | I have to wonder about a job function that cannot police its own
       | ranks.
        
       | protonbob wrote:
       | > I can't tell you the number of times people have asked me for
       | "development" or "leveling" conversations where I get excited and
       | start talking about learning, skills gaps, and such and it's
       | clear all they wanted to talk about was salary.
       | 
       | This seems to be a rather naive response. In a paying job, the
       | main impetus to increase your knowledge and performance is to
       | gain more salary. Clearly the people that they are talking to
       | want to know "what kind of value do I need to provide to the
       | company in terms of knowledge or skills that will enable me to
       | make more money". I don't see why this should be a
       | disappointment.
        
         | woodrow wrote:
         | The author is excited to talk about helping the employee grow
         | and have more impact, which (if successful) should make them
         | more valuable to the company, resulting in promotion and
         | increased compensation.
         | 
         | He perceives employees who want to talk with him about
         | "leveling" as seeking the formula or checklist to get paid
         | more, and not necessarily about growing or putting in the work.
         | 
         | The latter is fine if your performance objectives are objective
         | and directly aligned with company success (i.e. achievement of
         | sales quotas). It's more fraught if your performance objectives
         | are more subjective or defined in ways that are proxies for
         | company success--it's easy to fall prey to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law where employees
         | do the things that get them promoted, which may actually make
         | them or the company more valuable.
        
       | asdfman123 wrote:
       | This article is good, but I want to complain about this argument
       | (which the author is not responsible for):
       | 
       | > CEOs understand they are held accountable not for effort or
       | activity, but results
       | 
       | IMO that's one of the biggest problems in the American business
       | world. If you ruin the company long term to get "results," your
       | plan is successful. If you harm the company short term for long
       | term benefit, your plan has failed.
       | 
       | No long term thinking, just watching number go up and down. It's
       | practically a form of superstition.
        
         | rexpop wrote:
         | > Nobody gives a hoot about profit.
         | 
         | -- W. Edwards Deming
        
       | tflinton wrote:
       | I might disagree a bit with this, I've had all three titles and
       | from my experience:
       | 
       | A manager is executing on plans, managing the work, aligning
       | people on teams and enforcing policy & process.
       | 
       | A director is creating the plans to solve problems, intaking
       | work, aligning teams and creating good processes from policy.
       | 
       | A VP is about defining the problem teams need to solve, managing
       | capacity/budget for work, aligning on a strategy across a company
       | and creating good policy.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Most of the work of "good" managers is about affecting culture,
       | providing a sustainable work load, emotional intelligence,
       | encouraging team work and sense of shared ownership
       | 
       | Yet in outsider society and political discourse this is thrown
       | into the trash under the weight of individual rewards and
       | exploitation
       | 
       | Perhaps we need a rethink
        
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