[HN Gopher] The Last Drops of Mexico City
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Last Drops of Mexico City
        
       Author : anarbadalov
       Score  : 145 points
       Date   : 2025-03-20 13:28 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mexicocitywater.longlead.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mexicocitywater.longlead.com)
        
       | LeftHandPath wrote:
       | Off topic: This page is beautiful. Love it when people use
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         | racl101 wrote:
         | Pretty stylish.
         | 
         | Wouldn't want to read this on a phone though I tell you hwhat.
        
           | Aardwolf wrote:
           | Works great in firefox on android. Text takes exact screen
           | width and is not too small nor too big, and there are no
           | stupid floating right side icons overlapping the text, what
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           | 
           | It does have an unneeded text-scrolling-up effect, and breaks
           | reader view which means they're doing something sinister, but
           | at least reader view isn't actually necessary in this one for
           | the way it looks
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >Wouldn't want to read this on a phone though I tell you
           | hwhat.
           | 
           | Most decently designed sites know how to respond to different
           | screen sizes.
        
         | true_blue wrote:
         | It's pretty for sure, but it breaks reader view which I use a
         | lot, so I don't like it. also it requires a lot of unnecessary
         | scrolling to read since the text is broken up so much
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | Is it just me or is anyone else unable to swipe to go back to
           | the parent HN page from the longlead.com website?
        
         | pdntspa wrote:
         | Ugh no. My scroll wheel finger hurts because they are allergic
         | to a simple text flow. I hate it when people get too fancy with
         | this shit
        
           | glenneroo wrote:
           | Pro-tip: If you click anywhere on the page, you can also use
           | the arrow keys on your keyboard to scroll up/down and avoid
           | finger-wheel-fatigue :)
        
         | eudhxhdhsb32 wrote:
         | It's annoying to read on my phone. Text and pictures are moving
         | at different speeds than I'm scrolling.
        
         | jppullen wrote:
         | Hi all -- I'm Long Lead's editor, John Patrick Pullen. Thanks
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         | I'm personally a big fan of reader-mode on browsers, myself,
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         | We believe there's an opportunity for this kind of journalism,
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         | mjmsmith wrote:
         | Why on earth is jppullen's comment dead?
        
           | jppullen wrote:
           | Well that's not cool. Here it is again:
           | 
           | Hi all -- I'm Long Lead's editor, John Patrick Pullen. Thanks
           | for the compliments (those of you who have) and for those who
           | have other thoughts, we hear you.
           | 
           | I'm personally a big fan of reader-mode on browsers, myself,
           | but at Long Lead, we think there's an opportunity for a new
           | kind of journalism, one that takes time to produce and relies
           | on design as much as it does editorial and art. You can't
           | stuff that in a reader-mode -- and really we don't want to.
           | 
           | We're a journalism studio. What's a journalism studio, you
           | ask? Well, what's a film studio? You know -- they produce
           | feature films that look great in the right or best contexts.
           | Watching on a phone isn't as good as a tablet, which isn't as
           | good as a TV or a projector. Similarly, our features
           | journalism is built to scale (we do actually build separate
           | mobile layouts) but isn't designed to leave our site. Also,
           | all of them are bespoke builds made to support the reporting
           | that they're housing, because every feature has its own
           | needs. We work in every medium, too, from podcasts to
           | documentaries to photo features like this one.
           | 
           | We believe there's an opportunity for this kind of
           | journalism, because it used to exist. Remember a time when
           | magazines arrived in your inbox with gorgeous photos and
           | fact-checked features that took months to make? That's what
           | we're doing, but online.
           | 
           | I hope you follow us and our work. We have some exciting
           | stuff ahead. The best way to know when our next feature drops
           | is by subscribing to our newsletter at
           | www.longlead.com/newsletters.
           | 
           | Thanks so much for reading!
        
       | alephnerd wrote:
       | Nezahualcoyotl/Neza, Naucalpan, and Ecatepec (the municipalities
       | mentioned) are not in Mexico City proper.
       | 
       | They along with Iztapalapa are the former slum towns. How much of
       | the water crisis can be attributed to the fact that these were
       | all unplanned muncipalities, with split governance between Mexico
       | State and CDMX
       | 
       | Edit: Yep, looks like only 15% of water in Mexico is allocated to
       | human consumption and the rest is for agriculture and
       | manufacturing [0].
       | 
       | Now I'm curious how many seats in Estado Mexico's assembly are
       | within the CDMX metro and how many are not. If majority of them
       | aren't within the CDMX metro then it's the classic democracy
       | dilemma you see in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Philippines, etc as
       | well.
       | 
       | [0] - https://www.axios.com/2024/11/26/mexico-water-crisis-
       | claudia...
        
         | arebop wrote:
         | For comparison, about 13% of water in US is allocated to "human
         | consumption" with the rest for ag and mfg
         | [https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-
         | school/sci...].
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | Good point!
           | 
           | But American sewage systems are also functional and
           | maintained/upgraded.
           | 
           | I'm not sure how DPW-style work is funded or managed at the
           | municipality level in MX.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | Edit 3: My hypothesis about state impact doesn't hold (forgot
         | that Mexico follows the same system as the US of direct
         | governer elections plus a mix of direct and proportional
         | representation).
         | 
         | That said, now I'm curious about how public funds are disbursed
         | to localities. How do local municipalities and unincorporated
         | areas get services funded in Mexico?
        
       | non- wrote:
       | One thing I'd like more info on is in what ways Nestle and other
       | water companies have contributed to the problem.
       | 
       | I've long heard that they lobby to prevent the local Government
       | in CDMX from providing potable water in order to protect their
       | bottled water and water-delivery business, but I actually don't
       | know how well substantiated those accusations are.
       | 
       | On the positive side of things, Mexico City gets a ton of rain
       | during the wet season which can be harvested with rooftop
       | collectors.
        
         | myaccountonhn wrote:
         | When I lived in Oaxaca it was a massive issue with portable
         | water only being available through private means from private
         | springs in the nearby area. All hotels and tourist attractions
         | had access to water, while the rest went without, some for
         | months.
        
       | racl101 wrote:
       | I've heard from a Mexican buddy that Coca Cola is cheaper in
       | Mexico than drinking water.
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | I've never seen this
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | Coca Cola should just make a new formula that doesn't have any
         | flavoring, carbonation, or sweetener. That should be even
         | cheaper.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | They can call it Dasani and sell it for more than they charge
           | for the sweetened flavored carbonated beverage.
        
         | potato3732842 wrote:
         | Soft drinks get carbonation and syrup added and are bottled
         | close to point of use (because that's cheaper and better than
         | shipping the finished product) so they're subject to local
         | potable water costs. Unless government is distorting thing that
         | just doesn't make sense.
        
         | xdc0 wrote:
         | That's a myth. In many parts of Mexico, if not everywhere,
         | water treatment is bad and drinking tap water is not advised,
         | so you buy purified water.
         | 
         | It cost around 10 pesos (50 cents) to fill a 19 liter (5
         | gallon) jug. That's cheaper than a single 12oz can of coca cola
        
         | timetraveller26 wrote:
         | https://larevistadelsureste.com/chamula-el-pueblo-que-mas-co...
         | 
         | "A key reason for the rise in consumption is its availability
         | and, in many cases, its lower cost compared to drinking water.
         | In many rural communities in Chiapas, access to safe drinking
         | water is limited, local stores are well-stocked with Coca-Cola,
         | and the company's marketing campaigns have ensured that the
         | drink is always within everyone's reach."
        
           | rzz3 wrote:
           | It's simply not true. Not in any place I've ever seen in all
           | the years I've been in Mexico.
        
       | eckmLJE wrote:
       | I kept hoping they'd provide a reference of Tenochtitlan.
       | Possibly the most striking thing I learned when visiting Mexico
       | City.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan
        
         | articlereader wrote:
         | they did!
         | 
         | >Mexico City was built on top of what used to be a large body
         | of water, which would make its water shortage appear ironic if
         | it wasn't so tragic. In the early 1300s, the Mexica (or Aztecs)
         | settled on an island in the middle of what used to be a huge
         | lake called Texcoco, the largest among five intertwined lakes.
         | 
         | But after the arrival of the Spaniards, the city started to
         | expand, and the urban sprawl caused the lake system to dry up.
         | By the early 20th century, the rivers feeding the once-rich
         | lake zone were put into pipelines to make way for motor
         | vehicles. Very little is left of the lakes, while the rivers
         | have become practically invisible.
        
           | eckmLJE wrote:
           | Thank you! I scanned the text and scrolled through all the
           | pics, and searched for `tenoch` and didn't get any hits. "The
           | urban sprawl caused the lake system to dry up" glosses over a
           | super interesting sequence of decisions that led to the
           | disaster.
           | 
           | More reading for anyone interested
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City#Floodin.
           | .. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Texcoco#Artificial_drai
           | na... https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2022/09/mexico-citys-desage-
           | of-160...
        
             | articlereader wrote:
             | good read, thanks for sharing!
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | How are we doing with next-gen solar desalination?
       | 
       | Or has all science been defunded at this point?
       | 
       | https://news.mit.edu/2022/solar-desalination-system-inexpens...
       | 
       | I know some US warships have massive desalination plants onboard,
       | are they nuclear powered? Can we use the new micro-nuclear-
       | reactors to power those for cities?
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Do data centers need to use fresh drinking water or can they
         | use water with some salt in it (I'm guessing not because the
         | salt corrodes?). They could at least use gray water?
        
           | Robotbeat wrote:
           | Data centers don't need any water. They can reject heat
           | directly to the air. If the price of water were high enough,
           | that's what they'd do instead of evaporative coolers. This is
           | a fake problem driven by clickbait headlines or, at worse,
           | mispricing of water.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Ok, granted, I'm guessing they are just working with
             | different capital costs (to build air-based cooling; i.e.
             | via a huge air cooling tower). But I'm sure there is a
             | place where data centers could be using subprime water for
             | cooling economically without artificially low water prices
             | (the issue then would be capital costs for transporting and
             | using subprime water).
        
             | collingreen wrote:
             | > Data centers don't need any water.
             | 
             | Is this using "need" to only mean "there is no possible
             | alternative in any design"?
             | 
             | Your statement -implies- datacenters don't use water for
             | cooling or, if they do, it isn't enough to cause any
             | problem.
             | 
             | How do you square this with the fact that lots of
             | datacenters DO use water for cooling? Yes, if water was
             | prohibitively expensive businesses would find alternatives
             | - that's what prohibitively expensive means so I'm not
             | adding anything more than a tautology here.
             | 
             | Similarly does your claim that at worst this is a
             | mispricing of water mean that they DO use water and it
             | drives the cost up? Isn't that the point here, that
             | businesses driving up the cost of water is bad for the
             | people that also need (your definition of "need" above)
             | water?
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Water is a slightly cheaper way to reject heat if you
               | have unlimited almost free water. I don't think you'd use
               | water for cooling if you had to pay residential water
               | rates instead of like agricultural rates for water. It's
               | not at all a showstopper to just dump the heat into the
               | air without using an evaporative cooler. It just costs
               | somewhat more. Compared to the capital cost of an NVidia
               | GPU server, the cost is small.
        
             | cicloid wrote:
             | that was also my understanding. Nearby Mexico City, in a
             | semi-desertic area (Queretaro), there are a high amount of
             | data centers, Google, Microsoft and Amazon have a region
             | there.
             | 
             | I would think they only need cheap electricity,
             | connectivity and in the case of Mexico, far away from
             | seismic activity.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | Evaporating a gallon of water eats about 2.5 KWhr. Buying a
             | gallon of municipal water costs me about 0.6C/, or about 2%
             | of the equivalent amount of electricity. AC is efficient,
             | so say we'd only have to increase water prices by about
             | 500% to make it not worth it to use evaporative cooling.
             | 
             | Your claim is that increasing the price of a basic utility
             | by several hundred percent to prevent a company from using
             | a huge amount of it is a fake problem? That sounds like
             | complete bullshit to me, and I don't even live in a city
             | that's collapsing into the ground due to aquifer overuse.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | If you are literally drawing so much from the aquifers
               | that the city is collapsing into the ground, I think the
               | water probably is mispriced.
               | 
               | And there's no reason you have to charge industrial users
               | of water less than residential users if the real price
               | (meaning the cost to replace that water) is higher than
               | the residential price. 0.6C//gallon is less than I pay
               | and I live in a wet city. I pay about 2C//gallon. So for
               | industrial electricity rates of 5-7C//kWh, A/C is
               | approximately a wash vs using residential water for
               | cooling.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | >If you are literally drawing so much from the aquifers
               | that the city is collapsing into the ground, I think the
               | water probably is mispriced.
               | 
               | Cool story. But every human needs water, and no data
               | center needs water. Why should every person have to pay
               | more to live just to prevent Amazon from breaking the
               | world for a tiny increase in profits?
        
         | throw__away7391 wrote:
         | Asianometry made a video on exactly this:
         | https://youtu.be/aNNt9O70ASc?si=U2VSh5W3r6rfdA34
        
         | hylaride wrote:
         | The economics of desalination can be complex, but the TL;DR is
         | that in most cases it's only economical when there's no
         | alternative for potable water and not industrial/agricultural
         | use (though that doesn't stop some places from doing it anyways
         | for security or too much money reasons, particularly Saudi
         | Arabia).
         | 
         | Desalination also doesn't help inland areas like Mexico city,
         | as there'd also be large costs to pump the water from the
         | coasts - Mexico City is 2200m above sea level.
         | 
         | The only nuclear powered surface vessels left in the US fleet
         | are the Aircraft Super-carriers, and their water is created for
         | supporting itself - ~5-6K sailors and any that's needed for
         | operations (cleaning, steam launchers on the Nimitz, etc).
         | 
         | Nuclear micro-reactors are still a ways away and are probably
         | not a viable option for developing countries - Mexico currently
         | has only one nuclear power plant. There is probably a future
         | for nuclear powered desalination for coastal cities in arid
         | areas, but it won't help everywhere.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | Is it actually cheaper to power this with nuclear plants
           | (especially micro-reactors that don't really exist in
           | production) than just deploying a lot of wind/solar/batteries
           | to do it?
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | We don't know because nobody is mass building any nuclear
             | reactors right now (micro or traditional - it's one of the
             | main reasons there's so many cost overruns with anything
             | being built right now). There's also no mass scale example
             | of renewable desalination, either. It's almost all bespoke,
             | so it's mostly theoretical.
             | 
             | If climate change continues and water becomes something to
             | fight over like oil was in the 20th century, then we may
             | finally see traction on both fronts.
        
         | tristanb wrote:
         | Desalination plants produce a lot of brine, which you need to
         | dispose of. You can't just put it back in the sea without
         | killing marine life. It's not a simple problem to solve.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | I've heard Mexico City has a lot of leaking water pipes so
         | updating that infrastructure might be better. Also to do
         | desalination, they need to be close to the ocean. There are
         | SMRs close to being in production (NuScale Power is one) but
         | solar power might be another cheaper option.
        
           | charlie0 wrote:
           | CDMX is massive and very old. I can only imagine updating the
           | infrastructure is going to be cost prohibitive. Still, it
           | needs to be done.
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | I live in Mexico. About 30 mins from where I live, Amazon and
       | others have built data centers (presumably for AI) which consume
       | water. This is affecting agriculture in a region that is already
       | suffering from drought.
       | 
       | https://www.context.news/ai/thirsty-data-centres-spring-up-i...
        
         | doctoboggan wrote:
         | Genuinely curious, how much water do data centers consume? I
         | would think they might need a good amount of water at startup,
         | but any use would be in a closed system. Am I misunderstanding
         | their water use? Do they lose a lot of it to the atmosphere
         | somehow?
        
           | physhster wrote:
           | Some data centers use evaporative cooling, in outside
           | chillers. The water use is fairly high.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Is there a reason the price of the water can't be equal to
             | marginal cost of getting more water, so the net effect of
             | the data center is zero?
             | 
             | Water can be piped in from elsewhere, can be made from
             | reverse osmosis from even briney aquifers or seawater or
             | even sewage. Is this really an unsolvable problem or is it
             | just a mispricing of the water? This makes me skeptical of
             | stories like this.
        
               | bobmcnamara wrote:
               | Government usually, same as it is with Nestle in the US.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Water is fungible. If they need to pipe in 1 gallon of
               | water, who pays the extra cost? The entity that used the
               | last gallon? The entity that used the most? Nah. It's
               | averaged out across all users.
               | 
               | You also cannot scale up these alternative sources at
               | will. They need to be sustainably commercially viable.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Right, so just make Amazon pay whatever is a commercially
               | sustainable price. This shouldn't be particularly hard.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Deregulation is good, they said. Don't be an alarmist,
               | they said.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | ? Yeah, actually, deregulated water would mean Amazon
               | would have to pay the full price instead of a subsidized
               | price for water.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | And if it turns out that Amazon would still "win" the
               | price fight over the people who lived there before Amazon
               | came there, it's all good?
               | 
               | And who owns the water? Anyone with a plot of land who
               | can access the watertable? Anyone with a plot of land
               | next to a river? What about those downriver from that
               | plot?
               | 
               | "Deregulation" is as meaningless as "defund the police".
               | If you scratch the surface it can mean anything between
               | total anarchy and "keep only this specific set of laws
               | that I believe are good".
               | 
               | What's needed is regulation which promotes a wanted
               | outcome.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | That means _everyone_ pays the higher price. Water is
               | fungible. You can tax them if you want. But you can't
               | expect market forces to do it.
        
               | AStonesThrow wrote:
               | >> Water is fungible
               | 
               | I call bullshit & shenanigans on this. Water is not
               | money. A certain grade of crude oil can be fungible, but
               | what about after it's used?
               | 
               | There are many types of water: potable clean water being
               | essential to human existence, but other less pure types
               | can be used in agriculture and industrial applications.
               | 
               | Once water is used, or before it can be reused,
               | processing and transportation is necessary, and that
               | represents significant cost. The cost of processing or
               | transporting money is negligible enough to make it really
               | fungible and usable. Water is heavy, wet, and more
               | volatile than that quarter in your pocket!
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | The existence of various grades of a commodity says
               | nothing about whether that commodity at those grades is
               | fungible. Mostly it implies the opposite, in fact.
        
               | hwillis wrote:
               | > the price of the water can't be equal to marginal cost
               | of getting more water
               | 
               | Increased demand by definition means consumers will pay
               | more for the same quantity. Even if the marginal cost was
               | flat it is in the producers interest to raise prices.
               | You're essentially asking why markets have to do what
               | markets do.
               | 
               | > Water can be piped in from elsewhere, can be made from
               | reverse osmosis from even briney aquifers or seawater or
               | even sewage.
               | 
               | Do you think that costs the same as pumping water out of
               | a lake or water table?
               | 
               | > is it just a mispricing of the water?
               | 
               | ...You think a drought is a mispricing of water? As if
               | water was more expensive, there would be no shortage? A
               | draught is a mis- _cost_ of water; when water becomes
               | more expensive than is sustainable.
        
               | ForTheKidz wrote:
               | > Is there a reason the price of the water can't be equal
               | to marginal cost of getting more water
               | 
               | The market is typically not a great place to solve
               | conflict. Unless you're the richer party, of course.
        
             | betaby wrote:
             | I'm not aware of any single one like that in Mexico.
        
             | ForTheKidz wrote:
             | Jesus christ. We're a nation run by toddlers.
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | Most data centers use evaporative cooling towers, they're
           | much more efficient than a closed loop system.
        
           | myaccountonhn wrote:
           | This source is specifically about AIs water usage:
           | https://savethe.ai/water/
           | 
           | > Having it generate a 100-word email consumes about 500ml of
           | water (17 oz).
           | 
           | > 10 to 50 queries consume about 2 litres of water (1/2
           | gallon).2
        
             | yimby2001 wrote:
             | Right, but you know that's not true.
        
         | cicloid wrote:
         | I would imagine you are talking about Queretaro. Google and
         | Microsoft also have data centers there.
         | 
         | This is a thing that has been more than a decade in the making,
         | mostly because Queretaro does not have seismic activity and is
         | only a couple of hours north of Mexico City.
         | 
         | While the water sources are completely different, both regions
         | are prone to intense water seasons and, in the last couple of
         | years, intense droughts.
         | 
         | More specifically, Queretaro is a semi-desert, so this behavior
         | is a bit more expected.
         | 
         | Aside: Coming from personal experience I don't think that
         | current agricultural methods are the best and are pron to
         | wasting water, at least what I remember from Queretaro
        
           | pier25 wrote:
           | Yes, Queretaro state (not the city).
           | 
           | If you check the link in my comment these are not the data
           | centers close to the city which everyone knows but newer ones
           | in Colon.
        
             | cicloid wrote:
             | For all intents and purposes, Colon is considered to be
             | part of the ZMQ (Zona Metropolitana de Queretaro)^1
             | 
             | Funny thing the english wikipedia article does not even
             | mention it. But yeah, Each of those Cloud providers, have
             | at least 3 buildings distributed on multiple industrial
             | parks in the metropolitan area and I'm not even mentioning
             | the ones from Kio Networks, IBM (SoftLayer). We are one
             | step away from having one from OVH and Hetzner.
             | 
             | The only data center I know that is in the middle of the
             | city of Queretaro is the one from Triara (aka Telmex, one
             | of the many companies from Carlos Slim). Most of them are
             | in the outskirts of the urban area.
             | 
             | 1. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_metropolitana_de_Quer
             | %C3%...
        
       | oldgregg wrote:
       | Also Valle De Bravo is the Hamptons of Mexico
        
       | lorenzowood wrote:
       | "The Water Knife" by Paolo Bacigalupi
        
       | uAdoofus wrote:
       | Interesting article.
       | 
       | Terrible craftmansship in the HTML/CSS department.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | It works well on my phone in dark mode whereas webpages like
         | this usually don't.
         | 
         | What exactly are you calling terrible?
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | Mexico city is doomed, to what exactly and when, is an open
       | question, and perhaps it's where it's position on the doomometer
       | compared to anywhere else, is pertenent. It serves "us" as a
       | distraction of our own doomomedness and why not, my Mexican
       | friends, are (jovialy) derissive about any number of things
       | happening in, redacted, redacted, gringredacted, places.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | Just casually throwing in 'overpopulation' when in so many
       | places, water for actual human needs like drinking, bathing and
       | even washing clothes, is a tiny fraction compared to much more
       | wasteful things like grass, America's largest crop.
       | 
       | I live in a dry bit of the American west and municipal usage is a
       | small fraction of water usage (about 8%). Agriculture is often
       | not very efficient because of old water rules that give water to
       | things like hobby farms when real farms downstream don't get what
       | they need.
        
         | dralley wrote:
         | While that's true it has very little to do with Mexico City's
         | specific issues. It's at 7300 feet elevation surrounded by a
         | ring of mountains that keep out a lot of the rain and moisture,
         | and there's already not that much agriculture going on given
         | the limited space.
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | I don't know anything about water allocation and provisioning
           | in Mexico City, but the article itself doesn't limit itself
           | to Mexico city either:
           | 
           | "It exemplifies a future that cities worldwide could face if
           | global warming and overpopulation continue."
           | 
           | The city where I live is, I'm sure, very different from
           | Mexico City, but we have reduced our water usage while the
           | population has grown, thanks to things like xeriscaping. I
           | imagine things are more difficult in Mexico City because
           | there is less money, and orders of magnitude more people.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > we have reduced our water usage while the population has
             | grown
             | 
             | I don't know where you live, but if it is a city like most
             | others, you've likely reduced your per-capita water use,
             | but not total water use. This is certainly true of most
             | cities in the American west. They have made impressive
             | (above 30%) reductions in per-capita water use, but they
             | have (in many cases) grown by more than that.
        
         | Nifty3929 wrote:
         | 100% this. or 95%. When you say "grass, America's largest crop"
         | I assume you are referring to lawns, but actually I think your
         | last point is the crucial one: "...municipal usage is a small
         | fraction of water usage (about 8%). Agriculture..."
         | 
         | California has plenty of water for it's people. If you add up
         | ALL residential, commercial and industrial use, including all
         | outdoor landscape watering, baseball fields, golf courses, etc
         | - it all adds up to around 10-20% of the water used (depending
         | on rainfall).
         | 
         | Where does the rest (80-90%) of California's water go?
         | Agriculture. Half the produce of which is exported to other
         | states and countries. Did you know CA grows a LOT of rice near
         | it's capitol, which is naturally almost a desert? And about
         | half of that rice is exported, much to Asia (!!)
         | 
         | California is rather like Saudi Arabia, with the farmers
         | pumping out all the water and selling it in the form of
         | agricultural produce.
         | 
         | But take a shorter shower please! And you don't really NEED to
         | flush that toilet.
        
           | animal_spirits wrote:
           | I kind of understand this argument, but I kind of don't. Does
           | this argument prefer that there is less food production in
           | California?
           | 
           | > It supplies one-third of U.S. vegetables and three-quarters
           | of its fruit and nuts. California is the country's biggest
           | milk producer, producing nearly 20 percent of the nation's
           | milk. And of all crops grown in the U.S., 19 of them -
           | including almonds, pistachios, walnuts, raisins, olives,
           | plums and table grapes - are grown only in California.
           | 
           | - https://www.perkins.com/en_GB/campaigns/powernews/features/
           | c...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | There's a lot of crops that are grown in CA that are not
             | native to the area, and require a lot of water to be viable
             | in that area. Trying to grow a crop native to monsoon areas
             | in a dry area is just unsane.
        
               | KoolKat23 wrote:
               | And growing a human in that area? Would it not also be a
               | drag on the area? At what point does blame the plants
               | become blame all alien life including human?
               | 
               | (Not referring to your comment, I feel often people tend
               | to handwave themselves out the equation).
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | A person can live in that environment on much less water
               | than the crops. Just growing different crops would
               | consume less water.
        
               | njarboe wrote:
               | There is a reason 80%(?) of the world almond crop is
               | grown in California. It has a great climate for almonds,
               | a lot of land, and water to support the trees. We need to
               | trade something for our IPhones besides the promise of
               | future dollars (debt).
        
               | KoolKat23 wrote:
               | I don't think that's true unless they're living in
               | extreme poverty.
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | From the survival of civilization scale, most of "almonds,
             | pistachios, walnuts, raisins, olives, plums and table
             | grapes" are probably luxury items that we can ill afford.
             | 
             | Sure it's a balancing act between "save the planet!" and
             | "save the economy!". Guess who's winning so far?
        
               | AStonesThrow wrote:
               | Strange because you are naming staples that are
               | concentrated sources of nutrition and energy that can
               | indeed ensure survival, and components of "trail mix" for
               | this very reason.
               | 
               | Certainly if you wanna supplant them with other crops
               | that support something other than European style cuisine,
               | go for it, but if you propose to take away nuts, olives,
               | and grapes then you may be a racist or bigot, and we'd
               | sooner die than change in that regard.
               | 
               | Fact: a major component of the Ukrainian conflict is that
               | nation's ability to supply wheat products to the rest of
               | Europe.
               | 
               | I believe that a certain philosophical viewpoint was
               | raised by some sci-fi authors, to the effect that wheat
               | and other staple crops are the most intelligent sentience
               | on Earth, because they successfully domesticated human
               | beings, who give them all the best land, water, and
               | doting TLC to become fruitful and multiply.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > Fact: a major component of the Ukrainian conflict is
               | that nation's ability to supply wheat products to the
               | rest of Europe.
               | 
               | This situation came with the territory. By contrast,
               | California's agriculture is 100% dependent on massive
               | hydroengineering projects.
        
             | joshuaissac wrote:
             | Tax water for agricultural usage enough to fund
             | desalination plants for their water use. The market
             | participants should then adapt by switching to less water-
             | intensive crops, or paying the tax and getting the
             | desalination plants.
        
               | grantsucceeded wrote:
               | pretty sure there is no salt water in the central valley
               | either.
        
               | rcpt wrote:
               | > tax water for agricultural use
               | 
               | Yeah good luck with this one
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > Does this argument prefer that there is less food
             | production in California?
             | 
             | Yes. This scale of agriculture in CA is not historical, and
             | is driven by hydro-engineering projects of huge scale
             | throughout the American west that began in the 1940s. The
             | Bureau of Reclamation's fever dreams were fueled by two
             | decades near the turn of the 20th century that were some of
             | the wettest in a thousand years, and this has led to a
             | crazy situation that is not sustainable in the long term
             | (perhaps not even in the medium term).
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | > California is rather like Saudi Arabia.
           | 
           | Perhaps the key insight required to explain the 20th century.
           | 
           | It has the force of truth: now that I see it put so simply, I
           | struggle to understand why no one has been able to do so
           | before.
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | It is a key insight, indirectly. The power of a falsehood
             | to sway emotions on
        
             | stevenwoo wrote:
             | Cadillac Desert posits this about most of the American
             | West, it was sparsely populated prior to the widespread
             | usage of pumps for water and dam program (to generate
             | electricity to pump reservoir water) of Bureau of
             | Reclamation and Army Corps of Engineers. Those power plants
             | and population growths might have fueled American
             | productivity in WW2 but it also was a subsidized
             | consolidation of farms under large corporations and rich
             | individuals when it was meant to help smaller farmers. It's
             | an older book with a 2017 update.
        
             | AStonesThrow wrote:
             | > California is rather like Saudi Arabia
             | 
             | More true than you may think: the first two syllables rhyme
             | with "Caliph" and the Spanish Conquistadores always had
             | grand designs on such huge tracts of land, including naming
             | the capital city after the Eucharist.
             | 
             | The Reconquista was accomplished at the same time Columbus
             | sailed, and Reconquista II: Electric Boogalo has been
             | underway for a hundred years...
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | When talking about grass, they might be talking about
           | alfalfa, which is grown in California for use as animal feed.
           | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/12/colorado.
           | ..
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | I'm being a bit tongue in cheek. But we really do dump a
             | lot of resources into lawns
             | https://legacy.geog.ucsb.edu/the-lawn-is-the-largest-
             | irrigat...
             | 
             | That's fine if it's a place for, say, children to play, but
             | most of them do not get used that way.
        
           | wnc3141 wrote:
           | A big part of depletion of the Ogallala aquifer is due to
           | domestic policy to include corn in just about anything -
           | including fuel.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > Did you know CA grows a LOT of rice near it's capitol,
           | which is naturally almost a desert?
           | 
           | That's not really accurate. Much of California is
           | Mediterranean climate, including all of Sacramento county.
           | Yes, there's some desert in California, but most of the
           | agriculture happens elsewhere; but it depends on what you
           | mean by 'almost a desert', a lot of the central valley is
           | classified as arid and that's where a lot of the agriculture
           | happens. A lot of people also live in (different) arid parts
           | of California though, maybe they should move to where fresh
           | water is easier to access :P
           | 
           | Also, the terrain means it's relatively easy to move water
           | from the north around the central valley, but difficult to
           | move it from the north or central valley to the greater LA
           | area. Elsewhere in the thread, people claim water is
           | fungible, and it mostly is, but location is important, and
           | moving water in Bakersfield to Los Angeles is non trivial.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_California#/media/F.
           | ..
        
             | labster wrote:
             | GP's statement you quoted is entirely inaccurate. The
             | natural state of California's Central Valley is a wetland,
             | which is how settlers found it in the 1800s, full of
             | swamps, fish, deer, and lakes. And then they set to the
             | work of draining all of the swamps so they could grow
             | things there. It's an unnatural desertification, and if the
             | dams and waterworks were removed, it would return to the
             | marshland. Even now, the rice grown near Sacramento is
             | grown in land that is periodically flooded by the river.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > Did you know CA grows a LOT of rice near it's capitol,
           | which is naturally almost a desert?
           | 
           | Rice benefits from flooding for weed control (because it is
           | unusually flood resistant), but doesn't consume a lot of
           | water (the water from flooding is available for downstream
           | use.)
           | 
           | If you want to complain about water-intenaive crops in CA,
           | the issue is almonds, not rice.
           | 
           | Also, while there are parts of CA that are desert or "almost
           | desert" (desert or semi-arid climate), the area around
           | Sacramento is hot-summer Mediterranean.
        
             | rcpt wrote:
             | The issue is animal agriculture, not almonds.
             | 
             | For example cow milk uses more water in absolute terms, and
             | more water per calorie, than almond milk.
        
               | Nifty3929 wrote:
               | I'm not so sure. A quick Google search came up with
               | wildly varying amounts of water to produce a gallon of
               | almond milk, from 23 gallons of water to ~1600:
               | 
               | https://milkyplant.com/en-us/blogs/the-
               | latest/environmental-...
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/food/2018/sep/05/ditch-the-
               | almon...
               | 
               | These were just two of the several sources I found, at
               | each extreme. There was similar variation for cow milk.
               | 
               | Considering that it takes roughly 1 gallon of water to
               | produce 1 almond, and that 23 almonds wouldn't fill even
               | an 8oz cup, I'm guessing that the higher end of the
               | spectrum is probably more accurate for almond milk.
               | 
               | It also looks like almond milk has half the calories per
               | gallon of skim milk and 1/4 that of whole milk.
        
               | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
               | I think soy milk tastes better than almond milk
        
           | Nifty3929 wrote:
           | Some responders have challenged my assertion that Sacramento
           | is a desert. I concede the point - it's actually classified
           | as Mediterranean.
           | 
           | That said, rice consumes a lot of irrigation water:
           | 
           | "In California, there is very little to no rainfall during
           | the rice growing season, so this is not usually considered in
           | water budgets. On average, about 5 acre feet/acre (AF/ac) of
           | irrigation water is applied to a rice field during the
           | growing"
           | 
           | https://ucanr.edu/sites/RiceTestSite/files/328501.pdf
           | 
           | Also, rice is not a particularly big water consumer compared
           | to other crops - it's just one that came to mind. You could
           | pick from dozens of others - Almonds, pistachios, etc.
           | 
           | California simply uses a LOT of water to produce a LOT of
           | food, about half of it being exported.
        
             | yimby2001 wrote:
             | Are you saying California shouldn't export food? It's one
             | of the best food growing environments on the planet.
        
           | ForOldHack wrote:
           | I think he is referring to Golf Courses:
           | 
           | "Golf courses in the US occupy roughly 2 million acres, which
           | is larger than the state of Delaware but smaller than
           | Connecticut."
           | 
           | "California almond growers use between 4.7 to 5.5 million
           | acre-feet of water annually, representing roughly 14.4% to
           | 16.75% of the state's agricultural water consumption"
           | 
           | WHAT THE H#$%?
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | That water grows 77% of all almonds, worldwide.
             | 
             | Is there some better use for roughly 15% of California's
             | water consumption?
             | 
             | Are you sure?
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | Yes, leave it in the ground. It isn't a renewable
               | resource on any relevant time scale.
               | 
               | If you want almonds, grow them elsewhere, or switch to
               | desalination.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | The almond lobby is incredibly powerful in California, too.
        
           | AStonesThrow wrote:
           | Okay, it may seem strange to rob the homeland to feed the
           | world, but think geopolitics.
           | 
           | Firstly, the water mostly doesn't leave california. If
           | they're exporting dried rice and almonds and things like
           | that, most of the irrigation water is staying right where it
           | was used, correct? You say water is consumed, as if it goes
           | away or vanishes? Evaporated water or underground water is
           | also water.
           | 
           | Secondly, you're giving jobs and supporting the local
           | economy. Farmers purchase supplies, capital goods, they pay
           | property taxes, and first and foremost they employ people.
           | They employ large workforces. All that revenue they received
           | from selling wherever they sell is stimulating local
           | economies.
           | 
           | Lastly, exporting food is great international relations. What
           | country will attack you when they depend on you for food?
           | What nation will not be grateful for receiving such basic
           | sustenance from overseas? And if we would go to war, and if
           | you want to shut down all this agriculture, what will we eat
           | on the home front? If we can't import food, we'd better have
           | infrastructure to support our own needs. Any nation [state,
           | county, city] that produces excess food is more likely to
           | withstand siege, blockade or attack.
           | 
           | Liquor and soda bottlers can pivot to producing and
           | distributing hand sanitizer or bottled water. If beer or Coke
           | is bad for you, keep drinking it anyway, because you never
           | know when that industry will become indispensable.
        
         | Reubachi wrote:
         | The "real farms" (Ie beef, dairy, grains, corns) you mentioned
         | are absorbing on the order of 80 percent of the water, not
         | commercial and private lawns/grass.
         | 
         | Hobby farms with several cows and a shop that sells maple syrup
         | consum eabout 1/10000th a percent of water as for example con-
         | agra suppliers, nestle etc.
         | 
         | There is the constantly rotating story of "this one small
         | family farm in colorado uses more of california's water than LA
         | county". That is a LARGE conglomerate farm which is part of the
         | corporate farm problem, not mom and pop farms.
         | 
         | I assure you;In the USA specifically, your families ability to
         | eat and provide food for the things we eat WILL be more
         | important in the long run than bathing or washing clothes,
         | until we decide that beef proteins aren't the msot sustainable.
        
         | hgfrujbguijh wrote:
         | that sounds a lot like where i live (bend, or)
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | That's where I am
           | 
           | https://www.centraloregonlandwatch.org/update/2021/5/5/droug.
           | .. is really informative.
        
       | eddof13 wrote:
       | Been in Mexico almost 7 years- it's common knowledge, you don't
       | drink the tap water, ever. The destitute who can't afford bottled
       | water might be the exception.
        
         | 4fterd4rk wrote:
         | The majority of the world has non-potable tap water.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | Try drinking tap water in Africa, India, Bangladesh, most of
           | South America and South Asia, in fact most of the 3rd
           | world... good luck. Ie India had (maybe still has) high
           | infant mortality due to water-transmitted diseases. Once you
           | can't effectively 100% separate waste water from natural
           | water table or other sources for drinking, everything becomes
           | contaminated.
        
       | arrty88 wrote:
       | Will any of the feet of snow that dropped on Colorado Cali and
       | Utah make it down to CDMX supply basins?
        
         | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
         | no, even if we removed every dam and didn't consume a drop of
         | water, it would not reach CDMX by natural means.
        
       | marianaenhn wrote:
       | Mexico City is having a serious problem right now
        
       | josu wrote:
       | An important detail that the article has somehow left out.
       | Texcoco, one of Mexico City's main lakes is salty. The Aztecs
       | built a system of dams to separate the salty waters of the lake
       | from the rain water of the effluents.
        
       | erickhill wrote:
       | My goodness my eyes really must suck. Had to zoom into that
       | article multiple times in order to read it (especially the photo
       | captions).
        
       | hotep99 wrote:
       | I live in Mexico City and a large part of this is the odd
       | compulsion that chilangos have to put concrete over absolutely
       | everything. It rains but there is very little unpaved surfaces to
       | absorb any of that water and return it to underground sources.
       | I've had friends and family members inexplicably rip out nice
       | gardens at their houses and replace it with paved surfaces. My
       | in-laws have a large yard that only has a few square meters of
       | unpaved ground left. My street has flooding problems during
       | intense rains every couple years in large part because no water
       | can be absorbed anywhere and if the small street drains get
       | clogged with branches it is a disaster.
        
       | _ache_ wrote:
       | Ok, so nobody seam to talk about the privatisation of water in
       | Mexico.
       | 
       | It is at the root of the problem. Coca Cola is the most known
       | absurd operator of this industry. National water is too cheap and
       | used by private company for nearly nothing. Vicente Fox was a
       | president of Coca Cola company in Mexico before becoming the
       | president of Mexico, you can guess the << colonisation >> was
       | easier by that. (Coca Cola isn't alone, it is just the most
       | known, Danone, the French company is also plundering Mexico water
       | for example, AI datacenter too, ...).
       | 
       | Coca cola is known to be responsible for the drying of Monterrey
       | and San Cristobal de Las Casas.
        
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