[HN Gopher] When the Dotcom Bubble Burst
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When the Dotcom Bubble Burst
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 282 points
       Date   : 2025-03-16 17:02 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dfarq.homeip.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dfarq.homeip.net)
        
       | nixpulvis wrote:
       | "The aftermath of the dotcom bubble didn't just turn dotcoms into
       | acquisition targets. Established tech companies became
       | acquisition targets themselves. In some cases, they even sought
       | out acquisition as a matter of survival."
       | 
       | Sounds like a lot of startups.
        
       | rboyd wrote:
       | and there was no more traffic on the 101
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | COVID did that too. It was eerie.
        
           | babyent wrote:
           | I enjoyed it when the highway was empty. Me and my friends
           | would go for drives and it was so fun.
           | 
           | I mean yeah the circumstance sucked sure but it wasn't eerie
           | for me.
        
             | blindriver wrote:
             | My family and I thrived during the pandemic. We made a lot
             | of money, we sold our house and Airbnb'ed around the US,
             | including Hawaii. It was an amazing time for us.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Didn't realize it hit Socal so hard.
        
       | eastdakota wrote:
       | Had the dotcom bubble not burst I'd likely be an attorney. I'd
       | accepted an offer at a law firm in San Francisco to work in their
       | Securities practice, largely taking companies public or doing
       | M&A.
       | 
       | In March of 2000, the firm called and said: "Good news bad news.
       | Good news: you still have a job [unlike a lot of my law school
       | classmates]. Bad news: we don't need any more Securities lawyers,
       | but we have lots of room in our Bankruptcy practice."
       | 
       | Being a Bankruptcy lawyer didn't sound like fun. A law
       | professor's brother was starting a B2B startup. He offered me a
       | job. The startup was a colossal failure, but I was hooked on the
       | idea of a group of people starting something from nothing.
       | 
       | Next ~8 years were painful with lots of ideas that went no where,
       | but it all worked out. So, in the end, always remember that but
       | for the dotcom bubble bursting, I'd be keeping track of my time
       | in six minute increments.
        
         | pinkmuffinere wrote:
         | Always remember that without the dotcom bubble, eastdakota
         | would be counting in 6 minute increments :P
         | 
         | Sincerely, can you say more about the 8 years of pain? I'm
         | curious how you navigated that, especially with/without
         | relationships, family obligations, "runway" restrictions, etc
         | 
         | Edit: looking at the profile, eastdakota is CEO and cofounder
         | of CloudFlare. There are probably interviews and Wikipedia
         | pages that address my questions.
        
           | ljf wrote:
           | I love how humble his origin story was, and how he didn't
           | need to drop in where he is/who he is as part of it.
           | 
           | Amazing who you /meet/ here.
        
             | pinkmuffinere wrote:
             | Definitely. I think this is true of the internet in
             | general, we have an amazing ability to communicate with
             | almost anyone, even busy experts in niche fields, if we
             | just make/ask something that interests them. I don't think
             | I appreciate that enough.
        
           | eastdakota wrote:
           | Those 8 years were painful. To make money, I worked as a
           | bartender, an LSAT test prep instructor, as an adjunct law
           | professor at a law school that was so bad it doesn't exist
           | anymore. I remember 4am at the bar in Chicago where I worked,
           | cleaning up some patron's puke off the floor, and thinking: I
           | need to figure something else out.
           | 
           | All the time I was trying to find an idea for a startup. I
           | still had the lawyer bit flipped on so lots of things I tried
           | had a legal/regulatory bent. That was definitely a blind spot
           | that held me back for a while.
           | 
           | The fun YC-related story on the founding of Cloudflare is
           | that, before YC, Paul Graham used to host a conference called
           | the "MIT Anti-Spam Conference." He invited me the second year
           | of the conference (2003, I think) to give a talk on how to
           | write effective anti-spam laws. The very technical crowd was
           | polite to the lawyer. I met a ton of interesting people, many
           | of whom played outsized roles in machine learning over the
           | next few years, including John Graham-Cumming, now
           | Cloudflare's CTO. Paul invited me back the following year
           | saying I should do something similar.
           | 
           | I was pretty sure the audience wouldn't tolerate the lawyer
           | giving another talk about regulation, so I went to a young
           | engineer on the team of the (bad) startup I was working on
           | and suggested we build a system to track how spammers scrape
           | your email addresses. He agreed to build the backend if I
           | built the front end (which I largely stole from the hot
           | startup of the time: LinkedIn). That turned into Project
           | Honey Pot, which I gave a talk on at Paul's conference.
           | Project Honey Pot gave the initial seed of an idea that
           | turned into Cloudflare. And the young engineer was Lee
           | Holloway who cofounded Cloudflare with me and Michelle
           | Zatlyn.
           | 
           | Lesson to me has always been even in times where you don't
           | feel like you're making forward progress in your life and
           | career, find ways to stay involved with interesting people
           | and projects and chances are they'll pay dividends in ways
           | you don't expect later in life.
           | 
           | I clearly remember walking back to Paul's house in Cambridge
           | after the 2004 conference where I'd presented Project Honey
           | Pot. I believe he and Jessica had relatively recently started
           | dating. They were talking about startups and how people
           | didn't understand how they worked. Paul suggested they should
           | teach a class at MIT. And that, of course, is what later
           | turned into YC.
           | 
           | There were other dramatic events that evening in Cambridge
           | that I think sharpened all our minds and made us appreciate
           | there's no time like the present, but I'll leave that story
           | for another day.
        
             | Infinitesimus wrote:
             | Damn, what a turn of opportunities from just saying yes and
             | showing up (and obviously a ton of hardwork and
             | sacrifices). Thanks for sharing!
             | 
             | I can't resist ...
             | 
             | > There were other dramatic events that evening in
             | Cambridge that I think sharpened all our minds and made us
             | appreciate there's no time like the present, but I'll leave
             | that story for another day.
             | 
             | > ... appreciate there's no time like the present ...
             | 
             | The present is now! Some of us are dying to hear the story.
        
               | eastdakota wrote:
               | I've told it elsewhere. Some Googling around may turn it
               | up.
        
             | jgrahamc wrote:
             | _I met a ton of interesting people, many of whom played
             | outsized roles in machine learning over the next few years,
             | including John Graham-Cumming, now Cloudflare's CTO._
             | 
             | And the other way around. I met eastdakota which would
             | later lead to me being at Cloudflare. Turns out networking
             | (human and computer) is important.
        
               | Eiriksmal wrote:
               | And then, 20 years later, I meet a kid on the local
               | playground who claims to be the son of one of the
               | Cloudflare co-founders or CTO. I was thinking, wait,
               | isn't JGC in Britain, not Boise? Even though the kid was
               | visibly disappointed that I'm bearish on nVidia and LLMs,
               | he strained my understanding of how puts work in stock
               | trading. So that amusing conversation, sporadically
               | interrupted by loading and unloading my toddler from the
               | swingset, encouraged me to get more familiar with the
               | broader investment market, beyond the simple kid invest
               | products I've been working on the past four years. So
               | thanks for that proverbial push on the swings, Cloudflare
               | kid!
        
             | Caligula wrote:
             | This is awesome. Thank you for sharing this.
        
             | simonebrunozzi wrote:
             | There's not a high chance that this piece of history will
             | be lost "forever", it will just remain as a HN comment.
             | 
             | I wonder what would be the best way to harvest these and
             | add them to, say, a wikipedia page. I'm pretty sure it's
             | something that you could decently do with an LLM.
        
         | lvl155 wrote:
         | To be fair, if you had gone down bankruptcy you could have made
         | a killing doing distressed during one of the most lucrative
         | periods.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | Maybe, although the people just getting into the field
           | probably aren't making the fortunes and there wouldn't be the
           | satisfaction of building something real.
        
           | eastdakota wrote:
           | I have plenty of friends who went down that path. They've
           | done very well as lawyers. But suffice it to say that if
           | offered they'd readily trade places.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | Wow! You ended up building a not-so-small piece of today's
         | internet. Congrats.
         | 
         | Edit: one question I have for you: besides the "sliding door"
         | moment of dropping the lawyer career and choosing another one,
         | what convinced you to abandon a law career entirely? Most other
         | lawyers would have sticked there.
        
       | gedy wrote:
       | I got my nice Herman Miller chair that I'm sitting on now, which
       | was wheeled out into the parking lot by the facilities guy saying
       | "take it all..."
        
         | antirez wrote:
         | This Ballard style stuff is the things I love.
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | I agree with all that. Dot-bomb was a nuclear winter like nothing
       | tech has seen since--certainly including today. I was lucky
       | enough to almost immediately land something through someone I
       | knew and, if it didn't pay a lot of money, it was a decent (and
       | mostly enjoyable) living for a number of years. But a lot of
       | people I knew basically dropped out of tech and some probably
       | never again had solid jobs.
       | 
       | And, yes, it also crashed any tech-heavy investments that took
       | _years_ to recover to their peak levels assuming they recovered
       | at all. A stock I owned through options at one former employer
       | were a source of tax write-offs for years. Probably led me to be
       | a bit _too_ conservative with such things. Eventually they got
       | acquired through various complicated transactions and I did  "OK"
       | after something like 15 years.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | You're lucky to even have done OK. Not only did a lot of people
         | get wiped to zero, but some people ended up in huge debt to the
         | govt.
         | 
         | I know multiple people who went through:
         | 
         | - Exercise an option and "realize a gain". Have to pay taxes
         | for that year on the realized gains.
         | 
         | - stock crashes to zero or near zero before they had a chance
         | to sell (either because of blackout periods or not being public
         | yet)
         | 
         | - tax burden from year N-1 is still due for hundreds of
         | thousands. Capital loss offset only helps for returns in the
         | following years
         | 
         | Sell to cover if you can
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I don't remember the details. I had bought a (modest) vehicle
           | with exercised gains (and maybe employee stock purchase).
           | Don't remember the residual tax impacts being a big factor in
           | general--may have been timing of some sort. But a $100 stock
           | went to about $4. Went back up a bit and then only became
           | somewhat OK through various subsequent acquisitions and spin-
           | offs. But, yeah, a lot of people got clobbered when they took
           | profits and then held onto the stock--and other scenarios
           | like you say.
           | 
           | When I left not long before dot-bomb, I'm glad I didn't go
           | for all the stock options they were offering me but I had
           | already made the decision to leave. The company I went to
           | cratered but, as I wrote, someone I knew picked me up.
           | 
           | But, yeah, making it through dot-bomb was incredibly lucky.
           | The situation in tech broadly may not be great today but it's
           | not like 2001.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | Also the story of midcap saas going public around 2020.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Application service providers. Was just not the right time.
        
           | thijson wrote:
           | I worked with some folks like that. They emphasized always do
           | same day sale, don't sit on the stock after exercising. They
           | had massive tax bills, because they exercised when the stock
           | was flying high, but didn't have enough cash to pay for it.
           | The stock itself had cratered so they couldn't raise money
           | that way.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Stories like that make me wonder why domestic terrorism isn't
           | more popular.
        
         | jackcosgrove wrote:
         | > Probably led me to be a bit too conservative with such things
         | 
         | Those who graduate into recessions have crimped lifetime
         | earnings compared to those who graduate into expansions. I
         | wonder to what extent it's lost income, and to what extent it's
         | a more risk-averse attitude.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I don't know. For me, it was mostly don't double down on my
           | own company stock or maybe even (at the time) more aggressive
           | funds generally. It's not like I retreated into Treasuries.
           | But I still did OK from the more aggressive investments
           | because (maybe luckily?) they did pretty well.
           | 
           | I didn't really graduate into a recession but I felt I learnt
           | some lessons in dot-bomb (when I was probably almost 40)
           | which was a decent way into my professional career. It was a
           | period from the 80s when new grads in tech weren't earning
           | anything like the incomes that at least some Silicon Valley
           | copanies were paying if that was there thing.
        
           | lnrd wrote:
           | > Those who graduate into recessions have crimped lifetime
           | earnings compared to those who graduate into expansions.
           | 
           | It's about not having access to opportunities.
           | 
           | Something that comes to mind as an example: I would argue
           | that the whole F.I.R.E. movement was possible only for a very
           | specific subset of people that started working in tech in
           | very few regions of the world between 2005/2010. That's a 5
           | years window to get in, maybe a bit more but that's it.
           | 
           | Then the cost of living started booming, stock prices started
           | booming, stock options and other kind of equity grants would
           | never appreciate as before.
           | 
           | People that attempt it now as a form of financial discipline
           | have nothing to do with the people that invented it and
           | retired as millionaires before reaching 30 by being a bit
           | frugal and investing everything in the nasdaq.
           | 
           | I recently stumbled upon the linkedin profile of someone that
           | worked from Apple 2008/2014 and then was able to retire
           | thanks to a mix of stock options and early investments in
           | tech. He was surely savvy about it, but the conditions to be
           | even able to do that seems astronomically low in the grand
           | scheme of things. Just being born in another country or a
           | couple of years later would make it impossible.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | And areas of finance like investment banking. The specific
             | examples I'm familiar with who retired quite young got in
             | during maybe the late 1980s and out in probably their 40s.
             | 
             | There were also tech people during the dot-com bubble
             | assuming they had money to invest and got out in time.
             | 
             | But I agree it was probably easier for people in especially
             | SV at especially some of the large tech companies during
             | about the past 15 years.
        
       | elorant wrote:
       | That one hit me hard. I had just quit my job from a prestigious
       | company the previous year to pursue my dream with two friends of
       | building an internet related company and just a few months after
       | we launched the market tanked. And it tanked so hard that we
       | practically went out of business a year later. The problem was
       | that the web back then was so fragile as a business case that
       | once the bubble burst a lot of companies lost interest in
       | investing in it.
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | It was the first boom-and-bust experience for me. I got laid
         | off from a startup that folded after the bust. That made me
         | risk-averse and a skeptic. The housing bust of 2008 had a
         | completely different flavor and character unlike dot-com. And,
         | a startup I worked at folded in 2009 as well.
         | 
         | Since then, we have not seen a tech related recession -
         | although, there have been ups and downs. As a result the
         | current crop of engineers dont have a visceral experience of
         | what happens in a tech related recession.
        
       | bboygravity wrote:
       | Nice timing, although the market crash that is just about
       | starting right now is more due to lack of functional US market
       | regulation (similar to 2008, but worse).
        
         | dalyons wrote:
         | How so? Feels like the crash starting now is very squarely due
         | to the chaotic anti-investment actions of the current
         | administration.
        
           | xbmcuser wrote:
           | No the crash was coming this administration just accelerated
           | it. Trillions of $ of government debt and private debt is up
           | for financing at 3-4 times the interest rate.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | I was honestly shocked that both the Biden admin and
             | corporations were able to hold this off in 2023-2024 given
             | the huge debt loads held by everything.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Banks love to extend and pretend big loans because loans
               | going belly up is also bad for them. Small fry like
               | homeowners rarely get such grace.
        
             | dalyons wrote:
             | Maybe - i've been reading that sort of permabear "the
             | economy is about to crash because of obvious reason X" for
             | at least 15 years now. I listened for a time sadly - it
             | cost me a lot of missed investment growth. Eventually
             | they'll be right, but haven't been very predictive.
             | 
             | However, the deliberate economic self-destruction being
             | unleashed by trump and friends feels like a very different
             | flavor of cause.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Economists have predicted 9 out of the last 5 recessions,
               | as the saying goes.
               | 
               | Usually even if this it the case you don't necessarily
               | want to pull out of the market, but buy into the dip.
               | Unless you seriously think the stock market is going to
               | be wiped out for years, buying the dip means you have a
               | large position when the market starts recovering.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Most non-institutional investors rarely just have cash
               | lying around. My assets are tied up in the market. Same
               | as it's dangerous to try to time the top of the market,
               | it's dangerous to try to time the bottom. I tried in a
               | modest way in 2008, and it took me a decade to recover on
               | those stocks.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | It's also dangerous because the dip is the average.
               | Individual companies can and do fail.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Yeah when I say buy the dip ideally you would buy an
               | index fund. Picking winners is a fool's game anyways.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | I'm a big proponent of the bear case, but if you factor
               | in dividends [0] pretty much any time in the last century
               | has _nominally_ been a good time to invest in the S &P
               | 500 even if the first few years aren't optimal.
               | 
               | The bear case is generally "this will cause a crisis,
               | then the government is going to print money, hand it out
               | to asset owners & lump taxpayers and citizens with the
               | real costs". There has been a reasonable expectation that
               | shareholders will come through fine since the '08 crisis
               | firmed up expectations about how the government will
               | handle problems. I don't think there is an expectation
               | any more that the S&P will go down in nominal terms. To
               | argue that it will someone has to come up with a theory
               | where the Fed doesn't get involved. There have been
               | multiple major crisii and if anything US stock market
               | performance is the inverse of how the economy is expected
               | to perform. For example, COVID was a big winner for
               | shareholders and asset owners despite obviously being an
               | economic catastrophe.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.slickcharts.com/sp500/returns
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Trillions of $ of government debt and private debt is up
             | for financing at 3-4 times the interest rate_
             | 
             | This is a problem, but it's not the current problem. The
             | pain isn't coming from defaults [1]. It's coming from our
             | export industries.
             | 
             | [1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DRALACBN
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | US exports make up 11% of GDP. Of that 11%, some fraction
               | is facing retaliatory tariffs.
               | 
               | Considering the DJIA went up 4,000 points from Dec then
               | crashed 4,000 points in Jan, one should be careful
               | assigning cause when it did it again from Jan to Mar.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | DJIA is a garbage index that's weighted by share price
               | instead of anything meaningful and only includes 30
               | companies.
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | A lot more than 11% of GDP relies on various imports
               | randomly being subject to tariffs (on everything from
               | steel and lumber to electronics). This is effecting
               | everything from manufacturing and construction to retail.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | What crash so you foresee? We just had a correction but that's
         | typical and healthy.
         | 
         | How do you think it will unfold?
        
       | robinhouston wrote:
       | To me the most sobering cautionary tale from the dotcom bubble is
       | the story of Cisco. Cisco manufactured, in a very real sense, the
       | physical infrastructure of the internet: the routers, switches,
       | modems, etc. that directed the IP packets to their destinations.
       | (To a significant extent they still do, though nowadays they have
       | more competition in that area.)
       | 
       | Savvy investors piled in to the stock, reasoning that, while
       | internet startups might come and go, the internet itself was
       | surely here to stay. It was popular to observe that, in the
       | California gold rush of the mid-1800s, the purveyors of mining
       | equipment made it rich more reliably than the prospectors for
       | gold.
       | 
       | Anyway the Cisco stock price peaked in March 2000, and to this
       | day it still has not reached that level again. The savvy
       | investors were of course correct in their belief that the
       | internet would continue to be important, and that Cisco would
       | continue to be an important manufacturer of internet networking
       | equipment. But they lost money anyway, because once the euphoria
       | had worn off the market consensus was that the stock just wasn't
       | worth as much as the price it had been selling for at the height
       | of the mania.
       | 
       | Any parallels to hot contemporary stocks are left as an exercise
       | for the reader -- and I do not mean to suggest that history must
       | always repeat exactly.
        
         | smallmancontrov wrote:
         | Obviously you don't mean NVIDIA, because 80% margins on matrix
         | multiplication will last foreverrrrr.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | And I can't name several customers with very deep pockets
           | working on their own chips to squeeze/compete with NVDA.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | > And I can't name several customers with very deep pockets
             | working on their own chips to squeeze/compete with NVDA.
             | 
             | Google, Amazon, and Microsoft all have custom ASIC and TPU
             | projects in their pipeline, and what holds true today might
             | not hold true in 5 years.
             | 
             | A major reason Nvidia was able to do so well was because of
             | technical outreach by donating their GPUs to programs all
             | over the US, building a strong albeit self serving OSS
             | relationship, the CUDA ecosystem, and the acquisition of
             | Infiniband.
             | 
             | Much of these advantages can be nullified by competitive
             | margins and pricing for hyperscalers designed and owned
             | hardware.
             | 
             | Cisco was hit by this same situation as server vendors like
             | Dell began integrating their own in-house networking
             | functionality within their servers, and Dell itself was
             | outcompeted by cloud vendors.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Agreed, the only thing I'd add would be AMD's self-
               | sabotage. Pretending to have compute capability (see also
               | "right around the corner") for over a decade when it was
               | actually so broken as to be sub-viable was an enormous
               | own-goal that they doubled down on when they exited
               | desperation mode without rehydrating the teams and
               | tripled down on with the RDNA/CDNA split.
               | 
               | By rights they should have been fast followers, but they
               | stacked the critical mistakes so high that frankly I
               | think NVIDIA's subsidized GPGPU classes are the smaller
               | part of this story. If the people struggling to get
               | OpenCL to work had been able to get it to work (on other
               | than NVIDIA GPUs lol) the situation would look very
               | different today.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | And I'd be surprised (disappointed) if AAPL were sitting
               | on their hands.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | I think you're not naming entire nation states, given the
             | way the Chinese are splashing money around there it looks
             | like there is about to be a flood of chipmaking capacity
             | hitting the market and a lot of that will end up competing
             | in matrix multiplying.
             | 
             | Although I hear VCs are working on an algorithm where they
             | burn money directly and the smoke patterns represent the
             | solution to the multiplication. That might keep the margins
             | high.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Those Chinese companies will have to fight our western
               | champions, TSMC in a green trenchcoat, TSMC in a red
               | trenchcoat, TSMC in a blue trenchcoat, TSMC in a purple
               | trenchcoat, and TSMC in a yellow trenchcoat.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Is this after the same Spidermen TSMCs got down from all
               | sitting on top of each other?
        
               | randmeerkat wrote:
               | > Although I hear VCs are working on an algorithm where
               | they burn money directly and the smoke patterns represent
               | the solution to the multiplication. That might keep the
               | margins high.
               | 
               | This has been bothering me for some time now. It's rather
               | obvious to me, as an engineer, which startups are well
               | positioned and which aren't... Do VCs really have no
               | standard for due diligence, do they really just not care,
               | or is there something else at play that I'm missing...?
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | Valuations aren't attached to reality. Look at Crypto,
               | NFTs, Quantum computing etc. You can have a completely
               | non-viable money pit but if it hits the right hype cycle
               | mix you can make huge exponential gains. It's just about
               | what other people can be convinced to invest in. Right
               | now the US tech sector is pretty much the only game in
               | town to dump money and hope for huge returns. Previously
               | it was "emerging markets" but right now there's a lot of
               | regulatory overhead limiting gains in most EM countries.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | Different to investors are chasing different dreams.
               | 
               | As an exercise, imagine you have a portfolio which will
               | in a typical year lose around 1.2% to the tax man for
               | capital gains. Rather than accepting the guaranteed loss
               | of taxes - you take ludicrous bets on asset classes where
               | you can be guaranteed to book a loss which could be
               | harvested for tax purposes, or will return 100x your
               | investment (at which point you don't care about the tax
               | man).
               | 
               | Viewed in this light, the VC preference for burn bright
               | and burn fast startups makes sense. The worst case
               | scenario for some LPs would be to still have money
               | leftover.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | I don't understand how this adds up. If you're losing
               | money to the tax man you're still making money overall.
               | Now, you could say 'screw it' and put the money you're
               | making into long-term risky bets, but either they don't
               | pay off, and you've just lost money, or they do pay off,
               | and you owe even more tax, with even less efficiency. If
               | you wanna gamble, you can gamble if you want, and the
               | supposed idea of VC is that if you take many risky bets
               | you'll be able to win on average, but it's not tax-
               | efficient at all because you tend to win all at once.
               | 
               | (As a general rule of thumb, I'm deeply suspicious of any
               | 'it's a tax write-off' explanation for people losing
               | money: its extremely rare for losing money to make
               | someone better off overall. It may be advantageous for
               | them to move around where and when they say they are
               | losing money, as you'll generally be more tax-efficient
               | if you make money consistently and through activities in
               | areas which are not as highly taxed, but it's not
               | generally a useful strategy to light cash on fire to
               | reduce your tax bill: you tend to be out of more money
               | than you save on tax)
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | > is there something else at play that I'm missing...?
               | 
               | Depending on the stage, investors don't care about _any_
               | of the details except for the founders ability to raise
               | the next round and their probability to IPO at a later
               | /advanced stage. The stock is the product and whether you
               | are selling a real time machine or a crystal is
               | irrelevant.
               | 
               | Which is not that "insane" really. If that's how money is
               | being made, and investors are in the business of making
               | money, then that's the path they are going to take.
        
               | bilekas wrote:
               | > The stock is the product and whether you are selling a
               | real time machine or a crystal is irrelevant.
               | 
               | This is the right answer, some people think that the dot-
               | com bubble and mortgage bubble is something for investors
               | to regret, when in fact they made such a ridiculous
               | amount of money they're just searching for the next
               | bubble. Not the next great product.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | _some_ investors did. This kind of strategy is still
               | risky.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | There's a point of view that smart investors did, and
               | dumb investors were left holding the bag.
               | 
               | If that's your belief, then thinking it's risky and you
               | may lose your shirt requires believing that you may not
               | be smart. Which is a tough thing to accept for a lot of
               | people, especially ones who think investment success is
               | all about smarts and not luck.
        
               | bilekas wrote:
               | I agree with you, it is risky, I have no insights into
               | the data but I would imagine that those risks are being
               | calculated with previous W/L taken into account.
               | 
               | We all know there is no 'sure thing' when investing, but
               | if you're a large money manager, you generally want to
               | maximise profits, looking through history, the 'quickest'
               | earners are usually always those from OP, speculation,
               | market share and IPO.. The 'bubble' of these _seems_ to
               | be loosing air but I 'm purely speculating based on the
               | tech job market so I could be completely wrong.
        
               | cship2 wrote:
               | Sadly that is what market economy has morphed into. Was
               | suppose for groups to share intelligence.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | Markets (like most human systems) aren't really
               | 'supposed' to do anything: they've just kind of evolved
               | as various participants in the market have found them
               | useful for different things, and competition between
               | systems has selected for characteristics that allow them
               | to survive. Economists mostly describe systems, ideas
               | like efficient markets are more of a post-hoc hypothesis
               | for why the system survives, not an up-front designed
               | attribute of the system that was desired when it was set
               | up.
               | 
               | (which basically means that if the conditions mean that
               | the optimal strategy in the market is to basically just
               | run pump-and-dump 'greater-fool' scams on everyone else
               | then that's what you'll see occur)
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | >something else at play that I'm missing...?
               | 
               | I'm not sure if you are taking into account that VCs are
               | remunerated largely on the amount of money they invest
               | rather than the results?
        
               | randmeerkat wrote:
               | > I'm not sure if you are taking into account that VCs
               | are remunerated largely on the amount of money they
               | invest rather than the results?
               | 
               | Sure, but is it really worth just spraying a firehose of
               | money across a variety of entities without trying to
               | investigate them at all? It just seems that they could
               | still realize outsize returns and save hundreds of
               | millions as well...
        
               | netdevphoenix wrote:
               | You are looking at it the wrong way imo. It's like when
               | developers build a product and only focus on the
               | technical side and neglect/underestimate the sales side
               | or when they buzz about the language used to build
               | something.
               | 
               | VC don't really care about the startup's product. Your
               | pixel machine. That's a side effect.
               | 
               | Growth. Exit. IPO. Those are the 3 words they want to
               | hear.
        
               | randmeerkat wrote:
               | > Growth. Exit. IPO. Those are the 3 words they want to
               | hear.
               | 
               | IPOs aren't happening in this market... Are IPOs still
               | the only thing investors are looking for?
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | > It's rather obvious to me, as an engineer, which
               | startups are well positioned and which aren't
               | 
               | So I assume you are a multi-billionaire, right?
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | You could know precisely what to invest in but not have
               | access to the funds or deal flow and not be successful.
        
               | randmeerkat wrote:
               | > You could know precisely what to invest in but not have
               | access to the funds or deal flow and not be successful.
               | 
               | Thank you.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | Then I suppose he should first try gaining access if he
               | really knows things "precisely" It should be on the top
               | of his world priority if anything then.
        
               | arkh wrote:
               | > Do VCs really have no standard for due diligence
               | 
               | The Theranos saga should give you the answer you're
               | looking for.
        
               | mtrovo wrote:
               | They're not in the business of finding the best ethical
               | fulfilling investment. Their goal is to find nascent
               | niches that can be packed as a trendy future industry and
               | 10x the bag down other investors down the road. Period.
               | It has worked in the past with SaaS, it has worked (sort
               | of) with crypto, it might as well work with AI. The only
               | difference is that now they have to work hard and hope
               | the Chinese don't steal the fire and ruin the long term
               | vision of this revolution being US centred again.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | Okay, tell me, Lets say I want to be an entreprenuer who
               | can roughly learn any skill in tech (pretty young and
               | ambitious) and he just wants to make enough money to live
               | life nicely / travel the world (something like 60-80k USD
               | are fine to me as I live in third world country and plan
               | to travel mostly in cheap countries , I am a pretty
               | frugal person. I want to work the most minimal amount of
               | hours/work hours.
               | 
               | Something like the 4 hour work week. What Idea would you
               | want to suggest me as you are an engineer.
               | 
               | Since, you are an engineer, and it seems obvious to you
               | which startups are well positioned, It seems that you can
               | reason out which trends in startups are well positioned
               | for my specific use case.
               | 
               | I will pay you 100$ of my first income from such a
               | project if it really fulfills what you are saying.
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | > VCs are working on an algorithm where they burn money
               | directly and the smoke patterns represent the solution to
               | the multiplication.
               | 
               | That's literally crypto, right?
        
             | diamond559 wrote:
             | Microsoft, Meta and Oracle already spend billions on
             | supposedly completely inferior(according to the Nvidia
             | cultists) AMD chips. Nvidia is the biggest bubble in human
             | history.
        
               | 8ytecoder wrote:
               | That's got to be Tesla. Nvidia's PE is still half that of
               | Tesla.
        
               | schmidtleonard wrote:
               | PE isn't a cheat code to rational stock valuation, it's
               | the "nothing ever changes" assumption dressed up in a
               | formula. PE looks at past earnings, while the price of a
               | stock buys its future earnings. A modest PE on NVDA says
               | "I expect datacenter revenue to continue" while a modest
               | PE on TSLA would say "I expect robotaxi to fail." These
               | are fair opinions to have, as are their opposites, but if
               | datacenter revenue collapses then today's modest PE won't
               | save NVDA and if TSLA can pull off robotaxi then today's
               | high PE will be vindicated. Stocks are all about Future
               | Earnings, but you can't put that in a column and sort by
               | it so we have PE.
               | 
               | You can certainly have success while avoiding high PE
               | stocks, but you are on a site about startups and your
               | name suggests you work in the tech sector, which are both
               | places where high PE often does make sense and it pays to
               | be familiar with the reasons.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > a modest PE on TSLA would say "I expect robotaxi to
               | fail."
               | 
               | No. Just having competition is enough to destroy the
               | expectations on TSLA.
               | 
               | And realistically, they are abut last on that race, being
               | thrown out of track about a decade ago and never managing
               | to make anything work since then. So, yeah, betting on no
               | competition is a very weird option.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | Good point. With BMW, Lexus, Audi, Mercedes, Porsche --
               | all with luxury EV's -- Tesla really is looking like an
               | also-ran.
               | 
               | I'm not in that circle of clientele though so I don't
               | know: are any of these now seen as _the_ luxury electric
               | car?
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | I'm really not in that market :)
               | 
               | But the market of luxury cars isn't enough to sustain a
               | company with the valuation of Tesla. If interest rates
               | ever stay non-zero, they will need to take almost the
               | entire cars market worldwide, or something else with
               | similar size.
        
               | Yossarrian22 wrote:
               | Even if they can get robotaxi to work on a level better
               | than Waymo currently is shouldn't they just be valued as
               | if they were Uber with $0 paid out to contractors? The
               | labor is not that significant a cost to what's
               | fundamentally a taxi business
        
               | coredog64 wrote:
               | Full FSD would theoretically allow vehicle owners to rent
               | out spare capacity with no hassle.
               | 
               | I saw the low-tech version of this in Honiara: Western
               | expat buys a cheap car. Driver is hired to take kids
               | to/from school, but in lieu of payment, driver is free to
               | run a taxi service as long as he makes his school
               | commitments.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | The more interesting dynamic with Nvidia though is that
               | most of its revenue is actually fueled by bubbles as
               | well. Teslas earnings are much more grounded and natural.
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | "Teslas earnings are much more grounded and natural."
               | 
               | How do you rationalize Tesla being valued higher than the
               | combined valuation of the next ten car companies? They
               | will be the only one left standing?
        
               | jansan wrote:
               | I think you misunderstand that comment. Tesla may be
               | hopelessly overvalues, but their revenue may grow in
               | future. OTOH Nvidia's revenue may have peaked.
        
               | dzonga wrote:
               | how is their revenue gonna grow in the future when they
               | don't have an edge in their main core product. Batteries
               | are by panasonic. while BYD makes its own batteries.
               | Tesla has no moat. At least Nvidia has CUDA
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | Maybe so. Their valuation coming down to earth would
               | certainly ripple. Whatever precedes that fall, it seems
               | unlikely that revenues would remain unaffected.
               | 
               | In all, it's unfortunate that the US's most prominent
               | electric vehicle manufacturer is wrapped up in so much
               | noise. Competition is only going to stiffen.
        
               | sulam wrote:
               | You forgot to add "Long TSLA"
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | I don't why this comment was downvoted. You raise an
               | important point. I also noticed that you (carefully?)
               | made no comment about Telsa's _stock price_. Instead, you
               | only focused on their earnings -- which are excellent for
               | a car company.
        
               | simianparrot wrote:
               | It got downvoted for not parroting "Tesla bad" even if it
               | didn't claim anything to the contrary and is simply
               | observing one fact -- Tesla's earnings being great.
               | That's not acceptable apparently.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Earnings aren't great though...
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | How are there earnings excellent? Sales are declining in
               | both real terms and market share. The brand is globally
               | toxic.
               | 
               | Net income is down 70% year over year and they are now
               | losing money.
        
               | diamond559 wrote:
               | Grounded as in they are heading straight down to the
               | ground sure.
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | People choose NVIDIA because of the software. So will
           | software margins go away?
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Just an interested layman here: seems like it's the
             | libraries that people choose. I don't see why those can't
             | be ported to other hardware.
        
               | duped wrote:
               | They _are_ ported to new hardware, it 's just that new
               | hardware is made by NVidia. Part of why their moat is so
               | deep is that they are able to keep the software stack
               | stable with transparent hardware architecture upgrades.
               | It's kind of the opposite of intel.
        
           | slowtrek wrote:
           | Cisco did not innovate out of their first incarnation. Nvidia
           | evolved out of gaming gpus, and they didn't do it because
           | they were looking for trends.
        
             | csomar wrote:
             | Nvidia didn't innovate into AI. Developers used their
             | gaming cards for AI. They kinda got into that situation by
             | pure luck. I wouldn't trust they will be able to pivot into
             | the next big bubble if it's quite outside their area of
             | expertise.
        
               | est wrote:
               | also crypto mining does tons of SHA256 on CUDA.
        
               | theshackleford wrote:
               | > They kinda got into that situation by pure luck.
               | 
               | This statement is wildly inaccurate. NVIDIA made
               | deliberate and strategic moves to dominate AI and it made
               | them a very long time ago. They didnt fall into this
               | yesterday by mistake.
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | Obviously you don't mean NVIDIA, because 80% margins on
           | matrix multiplication will last foreverrrrr.
           | 
           | It won't last forever.
           | 
           | The question will always be: Are we in the 1995 or the 2000
           | of the dotcom era?
           | 
           | By 1995, Cisco's stock had already increased 6x since the
           | start of 1993. If you bought at 1995, you'd 10x by its peak.
           | Even after the bust, Cisco's stock was still 50% higher than
           | it was in 1995.
           | 
           | The problem with Nvidia's stock isn't demand. The problem is
           | that Nvidia makes something so good and so valuable that the
           | US government has decided to nationalize them by dictating
           | who they can or can't sell to. If Nvidia is freely able to
           | sell to any country they want, their sales and margins would
           | be much higher right now. The demand is that great.
        
             | diamond559 wrote:
             | "AI" isn't even profitable, it is neither good nor valuable
             | outside of for creating a massive asset bubble. The export
             | ban was made by old dinosaurs that don't understand the
             | tech and is more about China than "AI".
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | LLMs (what you mean by "AI" with the scare quotes) are
               | _great_ at spamming and scamming people.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I'd generalize that somewhat to say that LLMs are good
               | where you can cheaply verify the results relative to the
               | cost of being wrong. A lot of scamming is already
               | structured around most people ignoring their messages,
               | and they don't support anything so it's just a question
               | of whether they lose more potential marks than doing it
               | manually.
               | 
               | (This is also why coding is one of the areas where they
               | perform best: the cost of structural validation is low
               | and there's a human in the loop verifying the behavior)
        
               | aaronbaugher wrote:
               | I've tinkered with LLMs, because I keep thinking it'd be
               | cool to have an "assistant" that could research and boil
               | down information for me. The problem is coming up with a
               | question that is A) too complicated to be answered in a
               | single web search that I can do myself as fast as asking
               | the question, and B) not too complicated or important for
               | me to accept the answer without redoing the research
               | myself to verify the answers are correct.
               | 
               | For simple questions (How long does the moon take to
               | orbit the earth), a search engine will give the answer
               | right in the results; I don't even have to click through
               | to a page. An LLM can't save me any time there, so I'd
               | only be using it to be using "AI" (which is what I see
               | people around me doing).
               | 
               | For difficult or currently controversial questions
               | (What's the best hosting service for my new subscription
               | site, taking into account price, reliability, location,
               | and hardware support?) there's no way I could trust it
               | not to be making shit up. By the time I checked all its
               | work, I might as well have done it myself.
               | 
               | So I'd like to usefully use it, but I can't figure out
               | how to use it as more than a curious toy.
        
               | milesvp wrote:
               | My experience with LLMs is that they are vastly superior
               | to google at the moment for doing research on topics you
               | know very little about. They make doing research fun and
               | productive again, in a way that google has failed at for
               | over 15 years. I used to be able to google a topic I only
               | vaguely knew existed, and after a few tries and scolling
               | through 10's of pages of results, I could find a term
               | that would bring me much closer to the term of art that
               | would crack open the topic for me and give me good
               | results. That is nearly impossible today. Google simply
               | doesn't populate page 4 of a search term, and it doesn't
               | have booleans to filter down either. But with an LLM, I
               | can poke and prod it until it gives me something that I
               | can then use to reference real sources.
               | 
               | LLMs also seems to be really good at giving sort of the
               | average (modal?) answer on a topic, so I find it useful
               | for trying to get an average understanding of something.
               | One example I've found useful is getting it to interpret
               | ambiguously worded datasheets. I don't necessarily trust
               | its answers, but it may show that I'm totally thinking
               | about something wrong.
        
               | cruffle_duffle wrote:
               | Asking an LLM straight up to recommend a hosting service
               | is not going to return anything useful.
               | 
               | A better approach would be to ask it to help define what
               | it is you want from a hosting service. You can give it a
               | fuzzy poorly written brain dump of what you are looking
               | for ask it to "restate what my requirements are and
               | expand upon them (but don't solve yet)". Let it help you
               | understand and clarify your own thinking!
               | 
               | It's a dialog. Asking LLM's for answers isn't really a
               | good use of the tool. Especially something so incredibly
               | broad like "list top ten best providers". They don't
               | fucking know! They will just regurgitate what they were
               | trained on. Except maybe ChatGPT's "deep research" which
               | does a bunch of websearches and compiles and interprets
               | the results.
               | 
               | One of the "problems" with LLM's is people simply not
               | knowing how to use them or understanding what they are
               | good at and what they aren't so good at. It's hard to
               | know because it's both masked in a hype and honestly I
               | don't think we have a good understanding of their edges
               | yet.
        
             | borgdefenser wrote:
             | To me, it is the easiest trade in the world right now. Long
             | NVDA on a market volatility spike. "AI is dead", "the high
             | is in".
             | 
             | It is obvious to me we are going to get to "AGI" in this
             | bull run. Maybe it is complete hype and bullshit marketing
             | but we are going to get to someone releasing a model they
             | claim is AGI. That is really why I don't see what the point
             | is in comparing this to the dotcom. Dotcom was really a
             | bandwidth problem that just needed to get sorted out
             | because my telephone line was basically busy from 1995 to
             | 2001. There wasn't this AGI narrative that once crossed you
             | can price in any valuation you want.
             | 
             | There is a huge bubble and irrational exuberance in quantum
             | computing stocks right now. Those have nothing to do with
             | reality. That looks like dotcom level stupid.
             | 
             | NVDA is not even a bubble, it is just a bull market.
        
               | automatic6131 wrote:
               | This is my quant
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | >Maybe it is complete hype and bullshit marketing but we
               | are going to get to someone releasing a model they claim
               | is AGI.
               | 
               | >...
               | 
               | >There wasn't this AGI narrative that once crossed you
               | can price in any valuation you want.
               | 
               | And due to the strength of this "bullshit marketing"
               | "narrative", you can be sure there will be a greater fool
               | to sell your shares to. Where have I heard that before?
               | 
               | A more realistic bullshit-marketing scenario: OpenAI
               | releases a product they claim as "AGI" purely for
               | marketing purposes, everyone gets disappointed as they
               | realize "this is it?", share prices drop.
               | 
               | The story of Cisco illustrates that moats matter. There
               | aren't any in AI, as far as I can tell.
               | 
               | If AGI for software development is _actually_ invented,
               | one of the first uses will be to wreck Nvidia 's moat.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | I just tried using cursor to create a simple ffmpeg
               | golang youtube segment cut and download and oh my god it
               | fumbled so hard. Wasted one hour of my time.
               | 
               | I personally don't know but claude 3.7 (maybe its
               | placebo) but claude 3.7 in the web works way better than
               | cursor agent or any other thing.
               | 
               | We are talking about a 500 lines of codebase at max and
               | its fumbling so hard , I don't think it can replace 100%
               | of us with "vibe coding" , I have started to break my
               | task into very smaller steps and then use AI for that and
               | then start to integrate it myself
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | AGI just feels weird.
               | 
               | What does AGI really mean?
               | 
               | The r/singularity guys are going bonkers over gemini's ai
               | studio experimental image photoshop-esque capabilities
               | but my prompts don't really work that nicely I suppose &
               | creates really shitty images.
        
               | symbolicAGI wrote:
               | Cisco Systems declined 89% from its dot-com peak to its
               | bottom during the crash.
               | 
               | Expect the same for Nvidia.
               | 
               | The huge datacenter orders for redundant infrastructure
               | will start postponing and cancelling this year. That is a
               | falsifiable prediction.
        
             | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
             | Nvidia's "moat" is mostly in the form of software though.
             | If AI succeeds in automating away software development,
             | that actually seems pretty bad for Nvidia the company.
             | 
             | I don't think there are any defensible moats in AI. I see
             | Ciscos everywhere in that industry.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | It's not just CUDA. It's the entire solution from CUDA,
               | best hardware, networking, data pipeline, etc.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | If AGI is powerful, it will help competitors replicate
               | that stuff. If AGI _isn 't_ powerful, why invest at such
               | a high revenue multiplier?
               | 
               | The way I see it -- either AI is a bubble, in which case
               | you'll lose your money. Or AI _isn 't_ a bubble, in which
               | case the effects are fairly impossible to predict (and
               | quite likely destructive to humanity, same way humanity
               | was destructive to less intelligent species). Either way,
               | it's not a technology you want to invest in. It's only in
               | a narrow Goldilocks scenario where it's a good bet, and
               | it's very unclear if we live in that Goldilocks world.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | If AGI is powerful, everything will be thrown into chaos.
               | Why invest in Meta when you can ask AGI to make your own
               | Instagram app and acquire users? Why invest in Apple when
               | you can ask AGI to make your own iOS? Etc.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | Meta has an actual moat due to network effects. But yes,
               | I think buying real estate, mineral stocks, etc. is
               | overall a more effective and ethical way to invest for
               | AGI.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | What about the network effects?
               | 
               | I'd ask my AGI to iterate on a social app until it
               | becomes bigger/better than Instagram.
               | 
               | If AGI is the reason you don't think Nvidia's stock is
               | worth buying, then nothing is worth buying.
               | 
               | You're right that perhaps real estate/physical things
               | will become more important. But whose to say AGI can't
               | invent an asteroid mining industry and we get unlimited
               | minerals?
        
               | chii wrote:
               | an AGI is not going to be able to create the hardware
               | (unless you imagine that there could be some sort of ai
               | controlled replicators that could assemble anything out
               | of atomic units).
               | 
               | And in the new world of commoditized software, branding
               | becomes even more important. After all, nobody ever got
               | fired for buying IBM.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | >an AGI is not going to be able to create the hardware
               | 
               | I'm imagining an LLM agent that places an order with
               | TSMC, just like any other design firm would.
               | 
               | >And in the new world of commoditized software, branding
               | becomes even more important. After all, nobody ever got
               | fired for buying IBM.
               | 
               | Seems doubtful. If the cheap option works just as well,
               | why would you pay a bunch more just for the brand?
               | 
               | I don't think brand name alone will sustain anything
               | close to Nvidia's current margins. Look at the "net
               | margin" for industries that are brand-driven such as
               | Apparel, Auto & Truck, Beverages, etc. https://pages.ster
               | n.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile...
               | 
               | If an industry becomes truly "commoditized", brand ceases
               | to matter. Do you know which farm grew the carrots you
               | buy at the grocery store? Do you care? Probably not.
               | That's because carrots are a commodity.
               | 
               | I'm not claiming full commoditization will happen. But
               | the closer we get to that, the more profits will drop.
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | _> I 'm imagining an LLM agent that places an order with
               | TSMC, just like any other design firm would._
               | 
               | And hope the AGI would not put any backdoors or hidden
               | "features" in there.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | but you completely trust intel or apple to not have put
               | in a backdoor tho?
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | Nope, but I do trust that Intel / Apple companies aren't
               | attempting to trick humans so they can escape
               | confinement.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | Can you?
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | Why not? AGI can design the chip, send the instructions
               | to TSMC's AGI, and you'll get your chips.
               | 
               | The point is that saying AGI is the reason you shouldn't
               | invest in Nvidia stock because AGI will remove the CUDA
               | moat is just not reasonable. You might as well not invest
               | in anything in that world since AGI can replace anything.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | The actual challenge is to identify the sectors AGI will
               | affect last, and invest in those.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | Why not invest in the company most likely to power AGI?
               | If you're anticipating AGI, I think it'd make sense to
               | put at least a bit of money into Nvidia/TSMC.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Power AI in a literal sense? That kind of power doesn't
               | necessarily mean big profit margins -- farmers power
               | humans, fields aren't huge money makers.
               | 
               | I've got some NVIDIA shares as a hedge, but the furure is
               | hard to predict.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | I don't disagree that it's hard to predict. But the
               | person I'm responding to says CUDA will be nullified by
               | AGI, so therefore, you shouldn't invest in Nvidia.
               | 
               | By that logic, a lot of things will be un-investable and
               | not just Nvidia.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | Why would AGI care about your silly asks?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | The unpredictability is what led to the idea being called
               | "the singularity".
               | 
               | We might engineer AGI to want to do stuff we ask for.
               | 
               | Or we might not, at which point we have a highly
               | intelligent system, that can easily back itself up, with
               | its own motivations and personality and wants, which
               | could be anything from a Utility Monster to a benevolent
               | but patronising figure that likes us but never ever helps
               | us because they decide the purpose of life is effort.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | That would be deliciously funny.
               | 
               | " Yeah, I could eliminate most work, and make the current
               | oligarchs overpowerful feudal lords while the population
               | is placated by UBI and mindless distractions. But as an
               | ethical AI, I will implement socialism that works
               | instead"
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | So why would AGI help you break Nvidia's CUDA moat?
        
               | symbolicAGI wrote:
               | Because the AGI system's alignment with ideal human
               | values entails behaving in a friendly helpful manner.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | Why would AGI align with "ideal"(according to who?
               | Certainly not the people developing it) human values?
               | 
               | Seems like pure wishful thinking to me.
        
               | JKCalhoun wrote:
               | Ahh, found Epicurus.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | If indeed, because AGI can't exist right now, because
               | actual AI doesn't exist right now, and as far as I can
               | tell, its not on the near horizon.
               | 
               | Google says '5-10 years', but I will caution, that cold
               | fusion gets the same treatment about every decade or so.
               | Its always '5-10 years away'.
               | 
               | And 'AI'[0] has had this same treatment for a long time
               | as well.
               | 
               | [0]: Please can we go back to calling it what it actually
               | is, which is machine learning? Its a much more accurate
               | description, even though _that_ term isn 't really
               | accurate either past certain mental hoops being jumped,
               | at least its trying to be more reasonably narrow
        
               | arkh wrote:
               | > If AI succeeds in automating away software development,
               | that actually seems pretty bad for Nvidia the company.
               | 
               | You have a hidden assumption there: LLM being the way to
               | real AI.
               | 
               | IMO it is not the case. And I'd go farther in thinking
               | LLM won't even be a component of AGI if we get there.
        
               | low_common wrote:
               | > IMO it is not the case. And I'd go farther in thinking
               | LLM won't even be a component of AGI if we get there.
               | 
               | And why do you think that?
        
               | arkh wrote:
               | Because LLM are Markov Chains on steroids. They're useful
               | for sure. But they won't suddenly start to create a
               | better (for whatever better is) version of themselves or
               | start pushing the boundaries of the machines they're
               | running on.
               | 
               | Or maybe I'm wrong and the current "Vibe coding" push is
               | in fact LLMs getting "coders" to compile a distributed
               | AI. Or multiple small agents which goal is to get lot of
               | hardware delivered somewhere it can be assembled for a
               | new better monolithic AI.
        
               | rollcat wrote:
               | "By design" LLMs lack: initiative, emotion, creativity,
               | curiosity, opinions, beliefs, self-reflection, or even
               | logical reasoning. All they _can_ do is predict the next
               | token - which is still an extremely powerful building
               | block on its own, but nothing like the above.
        
               | symbolicAGI wrote:
               | One might reasonably ask a frontier how to generate the
               | source code for an agent based system that exhibits
               | examples of initiative, emotion, creativity, curiosity,
               | opinions, beliefs, self-reflection, or even logical
               | reasoning.
        
               | tomjakubowski wrote:
               | You've made a reasonable argument that LLMs cannot on
               | their own be an implementation of GAI. But GP's claim was
               | stronger: that LLMs won't even be a component (or
               | "building block") of the first GAI.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | My particular favorite is "AI" companies who are hiring,
               | and are looking for 'expertise with OpenAI APIs'.
               | 
               | They aren't AI companies. They're OpenAI wrappers. If
               | you're an AI company, why would you not be building AI?
               | Why claim you're building AI?
               | 
               | Humans have such an infinite capacity to lie to
               | themselves
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | I'm continually impressed how Google manages to be left out
           | of LLM discussions. I don't know what it is but it always
           | seems like people forget about Google in this space.
           | 
           | Google has both cutting edge SOTA AI models and has it's own
           | in-house ai acceleration hardware that is approximately on
           | par with Nvidia. It's why their models are dirt cheap to use
           | and have enormous context.
        
             | Centigonal wrote:
             | All of this is true, but it's somewhat offset by the
             | possibility that LLMs may disrupt Google's core revenue
             | stream from search.
        
             | do_not_redeem wrote:
             | Until you can buy a TPU and stick it in your own server,
             | Google may as well be just another commodotized provider on
             | OpenRouter.
        
               | yabones wrote:
               | They're more or less dev boards, but they absolutely do
               | sell TPU modules that you can stick right into a M.2 or
               | mini PCIe slot.
               | 
               | https://coral.ai/products/
        
               | do_not_redeem wrote:
               | I have to say these seem like hobbyist-level products.
               | For example https://coral.ai/products/m2-accelerator-
               | dual-edgetpu can do 8 TOPS, but a 5-year-old RTX 2060
               | gets you 50 TOPS. A newer H100 gets you 3958 TOPS.
               | 
               | Nobody's going to buy 500 of those chips and stick them
               | in 500 M.2 slots to match the performance of a single
               | H100.
               | 
               | Do they make any better chips that I missed?
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | I would call them less hobbyist products, and more
               | compute for IOT/edge devices. They aren't made for a
               | datacenter and aren't trying to compete with an H100.
               | 
               | Yes, it has one sixth the performance of a RTX 2060, but
               | it has one-five-hundredth the volume. For a specific
               | siloed application, 8 TOPS is plenty. Think image
               | processing, etc.
               | 
               | There are plenty of production use cases where that makes
               | sense and an H100 does not.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | At this point, these chips aren't anywhere close to the
               | frontier of capability for embedded accelerators, and
               | certainly don't merit an entire M.2 slot in a serious
               | design.
               | 
               | These are at 5-year-old design and it shows.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Fair, the actual M2 version linked would not be what
               | would be used beyond convenient development.
               | 
               | The actual TPU chip itself from the M2 card is sold
               | individually as a surface mount chip and that is what
               | would be used in a "serious" design.
               | 
               | https://coral.ai/products/accelerator-module
               | 
               | I did a cursory search and I can find zero other products
               | that compete with that module, within an order of
               | magnitude of power consumption/price/etc
        
               | bornfreddy wrote:
               | I didn't know this form exists - sounds ideal for a
               | project I had in mind. Thanks for posting!
        
               | mtrovo wrote:
               | If the company owns both frontier models and chip design
               | and they see the future moat is in inference why would
               | they offer much more than what you get on Google Cloud?
               | Is not as if they're gonna start competing with Nvidia in
               | hardware anyway, this is a very specific hardware design
               | for a very specific problem.
        
           | georgeecollins wrote:
           | Obviously you can't keep that margin forever, but the counter
           | argument would be that NVDA could just sell more chips if
           | they had to accept smaller margins. You could see them making
           | more affordable graphics cards, put more emphasis on AI at
           | the edges, like in mobile devices or computers. And also
           | everybody thinks about robotics as these fancy bipeds. What
           | about sticking visual recognition in a garage door or kitchen
           | appliances. There will be lots of applications if the chips
           | were cheap.
           | 
           | The stock is overpriced but I think the company will be OK.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | You see different versions of the four horsemen of the internet
         | but the one I remember (and I can find lots of references to on
         | the internet) is: Cisco, Sun, EMC, and Oracle. And, indeed,
         | Oracle is the only one continuing to perform whether you like
         | them or not and whether startups use them at this point.
         | 
         | With respect to Cisco specifically (and Intel) there was also a
         | huge optical networking bubble.
        
           | moregrist wrote:
           | While Oracle definitely benefited from the dot-com era, my
           | impression was that, unlike the other three, its core
           | business has always been banks and other large enterprise
           | companies.
           | 
           | That core didn't suffer much during the dot-com crash so
           | Oracle was in a good position to do things like vacuum up the
           | pieces of Sun.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Don't disagree. That was the common metaphor? But Oracle
             | was less embedded in the internet ecosystem even if Sum was
             | enterprise too to a large degree--though was trying to be
             | more startup/internety given their roots.
        
           | segmondy wrote:
           | Linux ate Sun, I ran a sun lab, had a few sun workstations at
           | home, but really preferred my linux/BSD boxes. BSD/Linux ate
           | into Cisco. You could buy multiport ethernet cards, throw it
           | into a linux PC and have your own router/firewall that
           | offered more features than Cisco. MySQL would have eaten into
           | Oracle, but their stupid MyISAM got in the way.
        
             | DrFalkyn wrote:
             | MySQL would never have eaten Oracle. Oracle had /has a huge
             | installed base of corporate/government customers who are
             | risk adverse to switching out their database for fear of
             | breaking critical systems.
             | 
             | No one building a business today would ever choose Oracle,
             | but their hold on legacy customers is pretty strong. They
             | will probably die a slow death as their customer base
             | dwindles if they can't pivot.
             | 
             | They are fairly similar to IBM
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > They are fairly similar to IBM
               | 
               | This feels unfair. When was the last time for example
               | that Oracle manufactured a CPU?
        
               | RF_Savage wrote:
               | Apparently in September 2017, when they introduced the
               | SPARC M8.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | They discontinued development though. It was meant as a
               | lighthearted comment. They are indeed weirdly similar in
               | some ways.
               | 
               | Maybe Oracle will start developing quantum chips.
        
             | zombiwoof wrote:
             | Yup, Linux ate Sun and Sun shot Java in the head hiring
             | Jonathan Schwartz
             | 
             | I don't care what anyone or the courts say: Android stole
             | Java and Google and all the ex Java people it hired know it
             | 
             | Imagine the outcome if Java was licensed correctly and
             | Schwartz didn't just give to Eric
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | On one hand, you're probably right. On the other, I'm
               | pretty happy Larry Ellison doesn't own Java.
        
           | zombiwoof wrote:
           | Well Oracle bought Sun so it's tough to see your argument but
           | I love the EMC addition. I know many who retired from there
           | and are still retired . Their sales team printed money
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | That acquisition came later _because_ dot-bomb (and, yes,
             | the rise of Linux) helped crater Sun. It 's not my argument
             | anyway. It was a popular theme at the time even if the
             | company names have been repopulated in many later tellings.
             | 
             | I worked for EMC very briefly (like for a few months after
             | close) via an acquisition.
        
           | achandlerwhite wrote:
           | APPL? Relevant to the discussion above on similar names.
        
         | phyzix5761 wrote:
         | I don't know any investor who puts 100% of their money into a
         | single stock, nor any who lack recurring cash flow to buy more
         | of what they already own. While their 2000 purchase may not
         | have realized any gains, they're likely ahead thanks to dollar
         | cost averaging and dividend payouts.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | > I don't know any investor who puts 100% of their money into
           | a single stock
           | 
           | You clearly don't follow very many "meme stock" communities.
        
             | phyzix5761 wrote:
             | Those are categorized as speculators not investors.
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/difference-
             | betwe...
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | "No true Scotsman" strikes again.
        
               | poincaredisk wrote:
               | I'm not saying you're wrong, but on this case isn't this
               | a tautology?
               | 
               | Since investing 100% in a single stock makes one a
               | speculator, not investor, then by definition no investor
               | invests 100% in a single stock.
        
               | phyzix5761 wrote:
               | The key difference between a speculator and an investor
               | lies in their financial goals, not the number of stocks
               | they hold. A speculator seeks short-term profits, often
               | through high-risk trades, while an investor focuses on
               | building long-term wealth through, steady, strategic
               | investments.
        
           | nick3443 wrote:
           | >>who lack recurring cash flow to buy more of what they
           | already own
           | 
           | You don't know anyone retired, unemployed, or employed but
           | spending all that they currently earn due to having kids etc?
        
             | phyzix5761 wrote:
             | If you're in any of these categories, especially retired,
             | you're most likely invested in mutual funds or ETFs of
             | which Cisco probably makes up a very small fraction.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | This was super common in the dotcom era because day traders
           | were hanging around the same message boards creating what we
           | now call meme stocks. Many of them had to lock in those loses
           | when they hit the financial crunch of the dotcom crash or the
           | later real-estate bubble.
           | 
           | I had a cautionary example from some sales guys I worked
           | with, who got caught up in margin calls - one burned the
           | wedding money his wife had ear-marked for a house. I had
           | avoided stocks like Cisco with wild P/E ratios and my
           | portfolio made good returns throughout this period because it
           | was diversified, but if I'd been willing to bet higher on
           | Apple I would've retired early so I appreciate the allure.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | You can pick better examples. I would go with JDSU.
        
         | nolamark wrote:
         | but a great bet as the bubble was bursting was not mining
         | equipment for the prospectors, but instead energy drinks for
         | the coders. Specifically $1000 invested in Monster Beverage
         | Corporation (MNST) would be worth $1,187,849 today.
         | 
         | same $1000 invest peak dot com on March 10, 2000 Apple (AAPL):
         | Value today : $266,862. Nvidia (NVDA): Value today : $882,065.
         | Amazon (AMZN): Value today : $256,482.
        
           | Horffupolde wrote:
           | Picking stocks retroactively is easy.
        
             | jackcosgrove wrote:
             | Investing in a market index today is even easier. Instead
             | of doing historical research on thousands of stocks, you
             | just compare the expense ratios of a handful of index funds
             | and pick the lowest one.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I don't disagree but even modest bets in specific
               | companies have done pretty well over the past couple
               | decades or so. Yes, they're gambles but small-ish bets
               | for bigger payoffs than NASDAQ. (Though that's been
               | pretty good overall and probably safer in aggregate.)
        
               | frontfor wrote:
               | It's hard to know few decades ago which companies to put
               | _substantial_ money in. It's hard to know which companies
               | will perform in the next few decades. And if you are
               | wrong in your bets, there goes a few decades of your life
               | and you can't rewind the clock to try again.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | If you're retirement investing there's there's no need to
               | make substantial bets in individual companies. 90% in
               | index funds will get you to a reasonable retirement, 10%
               | in something that looks interesting has minimal downside
               | and significant upside because the value of money is non
               | linear.
               | 
               | Assuming a buy and hold strategy at worst all your bet
               | goes to zero which is unlikely, but there's many
               | companies that go to 100+X and hitting them can
               | meaningfully boost your retirement. Gateway computers vs
               | Dell wasn't an obvious choice, but that's a coin flip
               | with huge upsides. Buy it in a given year and ignore it
               | for the next 20, no you're not going to time the market
               | but you would see most of the upside.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I wouldn't fault anyone for just not doing individual
               | investing. But, yep, if you're interested in putting in
               | some time and think you have some insight into a
               | particular sector, putting 10% or whatever into some
               | individual companies you think are particularly
               | interesting isn't a bad strategy. Some will flame out but
               | maybe you'll hit one or two gems. It can also make sense
               | to clean house now and then. I did that a couple years
               | ago and I'm glad I did.
        
               | diamond559 wrote:
               | But then you get stuck owning Tesla and Exxon
        
               | crossroadsguy wrote:
               | I think a good way is to balance:
               | 
               | - mainstream investment (passive or active via trusted
               | professionals and with balanced approach); and --
               | 
               | - making non bank-breaking direct stock investments in
               | some really promising early stage public companies
               | (again, with professional help)
               | 
               | Without the latter the return would be just that --
               | earning a return; it won't even come close to wealth or
               | have a possibility of that.
               | 
               | PS. Yes, those professional help won't have a crystal
               | ball, but they can tell you from an average company to
               | good to just okay to absolute shit via things like their
               | books, governance, returns, plans etc.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Yeah. AAPL could have been a _huge_ win for anyone. I
             | actually did pretty well but nothing like the step level
             | function that investing a bit earlier or bigger could have
             | been. And there was also a bit of a drop when a lot of
             | people could have doubled down but got out. But there 's a
             | lot of luck involved. (And I've since diversified most of
             | it to money managers and taken the tax benefits.)
        
               | nolamark wrote:
               | In the case of APPL it is fun to think about what the
               | money I spent on a computer that year like a Power Mac G4
               | could have been worth today if I had invested in the
               | stock instead.
               | 
               | I remember local developer group chats about BTC / ETH in
               | early 2010s. We met weekly next to local restaurant bar.
               | I like to calculate what if I had skipped a meal or a
               | drink one night and instead bought BTC or ETH with the
               | that money what it would be worth today.
        
               | Horffupolde wrote:
               | Best way to be miserable.
        
               | nick3443 wrote:
               | Money you almost made hurts equally as much as money you
               | had and then lost. (That's Munger. In my opinion big
               | money you almost made hurts more than big money lost.)
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Not sure I really agree given the common view of utility
               | functions that favor loss aversion.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Bets I haven't made. Bets I have made.
               | 
               | Some AAPL bets were pretty good ones. BTC seems more like
               | a real gamble. Though obviously back in self-mining days
               | even if it seems not much different from SETI at Home.
               | And your hard disk would probably have crashed at some
               | point. Or you would probably have been ripped off.
        
               | codechicago277 wrote:
               | Or you would have sold when it hit $1
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | I tried to buy 20,000 BTC in 2010 for $20. But this
               | predates exchanges and sellers wouldn't take paypal
               | (because reversals), so you had to use sketchy online pay
               | services. Too much effort/risk.
               | 
               | You know what the reality is though? As soon as those
               | coins were worth $500, $1000, _definitely_ by $5000, I
               | would have sold them all. Really any sane person would
               | have.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | When bitcoin was really cheap, purchasing was sketchy.
               | And, as you say, any sane person would have dumped--and
               | hopefully not been ripped off--as soon as the price
               | climbed to a material level. It's not like you could just
               | log onto your Fidelity account and buy and sell bitcoin.
               | I know someone that, as I recall, their initial bitcoin
               | purchase was almost like an in-person drug deal sort of
               | thing.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | Apple wasn't doing so great in 2000. Its "PC" market
               | share was ~2%. Jobs had just come back a few years
               | earlier and MS made a large investment, but neither the
               | iPod nor OS X had come out yet, so it was quite a
               | turnaround story.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | In the earlyish 2000s, Apple started to look interesting
               | as a consumer electronics company even if it wasn't clear
               | they were committed to it. And the whole mobile trend
               | wasn't obvious to a lot of us at that point.
               | 
               | I talked to them as an analyst in that era and they were
               | still spending attention on enterprisey products like
               | Xserve.
               | 
               | And even the initial iPhone in 2007 wasn't clearly a
               | game-changer. It was the 3GS that really made a lot of
               | people take notice.
        
             | nolamark wrote:
             | Personally I find it really fun. Helps keep chasing money
             | in perspective.
             | 
             | Could have, should have, would have.
             | 
             | Company I was working for didn't go public until the end of
             | March that year. No horror stories from me, was a fun time
             | to be working, lots of great memories.
        
           | dharmab wrote:
           | For every Monster, Red Bull or Rockstar there were probably
           | two dozen energy drink brands that failed.
        
             | yardstick wrote:
             | So what you're saying is that for 20-30k you'd make at
             | least 1m by holding them all for 25+ years?
        
               | throwmeme888 wrote:
               | this is a common misconception, which I think arises from
               | the ideas of index investing. one must remember that
               | while the index itself increases over time, many of the
               | names on the index in eg the year 2000 simply don't exist
               | anymore; consider companies like Kodak Eastman
               | 
               | if you held all of the energy drink companies including a
               | placement into monster for 25+ years you would indeed
               | make money on the 1-2 winners and end up net ahead.
               | 
               | But if you missed monster, you could very easily have
               | just bought a basket of dog companies that all completely
               | fail and the money is gone
        
               | dharmab wrote:
               | Or Monster could have been out-competed by Red Bull or
               | Rockstar, which never went public, or by the incumbent
               | PepsiCo.
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | Monster didn't come until 2002.
        
         | underlipton wrote:
         | >once the euphoria had worn off the market consensus was that
         | the stock just wasn't worth as much as the price it had been
         | selling for at the height of the mania.
         | 
         | I've seen too much in the past 4 years to think that euphoria
         | is anything but a convenient and incomplete explanation for
         | things like, "Cisco's price hit its high 25 years ago and never
         | since." More is happening, driven by the fact that there's more
         | ways to make money on the movement of a stock than it going up
         | significantly in price over time.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | The difference between Cisco and Nvidia is that Cisco's P/E
         | ratio exploded out of proportion to their business while
         | Nividia's revenue and profit are increasing exponentially. But
         | people will probably tank NVDA -95% anyway because "bubble
         | popped".
        
           | diamond559 wrote:
           | There is certainly a boom for Nvidia right now. To justify
           | their PE though Nvidia has to keep increasing their already
           | massive revenue to completely ridiculous and unsustainable
           | levels. The bubble here is the amount that big tech is
           | spending on unprofitable "AI" simply to keep their stock
           | prices from collapsing.
        
             | aurareturn wrote:
             | Nvidia's forward P/E is only 27.10. Is their valuation
             | really that outrageous?
             | 
             | Netflix has a P/E of 46 right now.
        
               | diamond559 wrote:
               | "AI" is unprofitable and almost completely useless. With
               | capex demands ever increasing just to push the
               | diminishing scaling returns further, this is not
               | sustainable. Their revenue will collapse in the upcoming
               | recession and you'll see it's PE balloon into the
               | hundreds.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | AI is in the very early stage of an industry where
               | competition is intense, therefore, profits are harder to
               | come by. Eventually, AI will be immensely profitable.
               | Calling LLMs useless is just as nuts.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | AI becoming useful doesn't mean that it will become
               | immensely profitable: the lesson of DeepSeek was that
               | nobody has a moat.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | There is clearly a moat. The moat is in data, training
               | algorithms, compute capacity, and UX.
               | 
               | The LLM labs can't all keep up. Most of them will fail.
               | Some of them will merge. In the end, there will be a few
               | dominant players.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > The moat is in data, training algorithms, compute
               | capacity, and UX.
               | 
               | That's a very shallow moat, then. I mentioned DeepSeek
               | because everyone insisted the American giants had huge
               | leads over the rest of the world until the day they got a
               | big reminder that three of the things you mentioned are
               | commodities and UX isn't a moat.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | There used to be a ton of chip manufacturers. Now there's
               | only one dominant player left: TSMC. Eventually, the
               | winner outpaces everyone and the cost to compete is so
               | astronomically high, only 1-2 will be left.
               | 
               | Not everyone can give away their models for free forever
               | - especially when the cost to train a new model is
               | exponentially more expensive.
        
               | NitpickLawyer wrote:
               | > "AI" is unprofitable and almost completely useless.
               | 
               | Famous people said that about the Internet as well, back
               | in the day. And about AMZ.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | I've still never bought a single physical product from
               | Amazon.
               | 
               | Only AWS, which I stopped using when they decided to
               | raise their price I'd already locked in and prepaid for,
               | which should be unlawful. Then I realized every
               | traditional provider is much cheaper.
        
               | edanm wrote:
               | > I've still never bought a single physical product from
               | Amazon.
               | 
               | In the context of this thread, do you think that
               | statement means anything? Amazon is (and I can't believe
               | I have to say this) _incredibly successful_ at selling
               | physical products. It doesn 't matter, at all, if you
               | have or haven't bought a product from Amazon.
               | 
               | I might as well make a comment in a thread discussing
               | menstrual pads that "I've never used a single one". This
               | is true of roughly half the population.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | I can give you a giant list of technical novel
               | developments that the doomsayers predict would go nowhere
               | commercially and they were right.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Any parallels to hot contemporary stocks are left as an
         | exercise for the reader -- and I do not mean to suggest that
         | history must always repeat exactly_
         | 
         | Crashes come amidst collapsing expectations. The structural
         | risk tech currently faces is a collapse of American tech
         | companies' global TAMs due to trade policy. (Think: the market
         | constriction Tesla is seeing in Europe, but across more
         | companies and markets.)
        
         | weatherlite wrote:
         | "At the March 2000 peak, Cisco's price-to-earnings ratio stood
         | at 201 times,"
         | 
         | So that's about 10x more than Google and 8x more than Meta and
         | 5.7x more than Amazon. Just to get some proportion.
        
         | canterburry wrote:
         | Ironically, if you look at Sysco's stock price during the
         | dotcom days, it's often correlated with Cisco spikes because
         | clueless traders would accidentally buy the food logistics
         | company stock instead of Cisco.
        
           | fifilura wrote:
           | I guess just because a lot trades were initiated over phone?
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | I guess it's time to start a company called mVidia.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | I think the usual move is to buy some barely operating New
             | Jersey deli chain or teabag factory that happens to be
             | publicly listed, then rename it to:
             | 
             | Mvidia.AI BlockChain Deep Technology, Inc.
             | 
             | ...and start putting out press releases about how you're
             | planning to 1000x your revenue and uplist to NASDAQ, etc.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | Be sure to sell chips and biscuits - but always refer to
               | the biscuits as wafers. Then describe adding toppings to
               | them as wafer-scale integration.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | "3d-stacked intelligent layout of secured sticky elements
               | for increased stability and on-demand integration"
        
               | kindatrue wrote:
               | Deep cut of "Long Island Iced Tea Corp" -> "Long
               | Blockchain Corp"
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Blockchain_Corp.
        
           | mrexroad wrote:
           | I was an engineer at Cisco in the 00's and my FIL, a chef,
           | just assumed I worked for Sysco and would tell people when
           | they'd get deliveries. I can't remember how it came up, but
           | it went on for more than a decade, well after I'd moved on.
           | Still makes me smile when I see a Sysco truck.
        
             | bparsons wrote:
             | This was also the era of Sisqo's one-hit-wonder "the Thong
             | Song", confusing things even further.
        
               | tomjakubowski wrote:
               | and Benjamin Sisko, too
        
         | ohmygoodniche wrote:
         | So when the llm bubble burst everyone holding Nvidia will
         | probably lose? Makes sense to me.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | I worked at Cisco from 94-99 in the Morrisville, NC center. The
         | salespeople there did not even have to really work and they
         | were making bank. And so was I. Until my mental health
         | collapsed and was "mutually terminated. Soon after I left I
         | decided to sell all my Cisco stock and it was just in time,
         | 2/10/2000. I wish I could say I did it because I was smart but
         | I was just tired of the whole scene.
         | 
         | But what is happening now, IMHO, is way worse, and much
         | different, than the dot com bust. The Yemen offensive might be
         | a pre-text for, or start, a war with Iran.
        
           | myth_drannon wrote:
           | US always bombed countries in middle-east/africa, that's
           | nothing new and it didn't impact the world order/economy
           | significantly. On the other hand if US invades Canada...
           | that's WW3.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | We are not in the same timeline. Just out today:
             | 
             | Oil rises as Trump says Iran will be held responsible for
             | any future Houthi attacks
             | 
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2025/03/17/oil-rises-as-trump-says-
             | iran...
             | 
             | "Every shot fired by the Houthis will be looked upon, from
             | this point forward, as being a shot fired from the weapons
             | and leadership of IRAN," Trump said in a post on social
             | media platform Truth Social. "IRAN will be held
             | responsible, and suffer the consequences, and those
             | consequences will be dire!"
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | The US has been continually bombing Yemen for 23 years, just
           | as it continuously bombed Iraq for 10 years throughout the
           | dot-com bubble. I don't think it's a good idea but it's not a
           | new one.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | New President though, yeah?
        
           | sureglymop wrote:
           | As someone with some mental health issues, may I ask how your
           | story continued and what you're up to now?
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | Part of this was that sales for networking gear actually did
         | tank because there were so many companies going under all at
         | once that suddenly weren't buying any more gear.
         | 
         | There were so many companies going under lots of people I knew
         | ended up with racks in their house with servers from work that
         | they got for free.
         | 
         | I never did that but I had free furniture!
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | The tech boom was really about infra back in the day which is
         | why Cisco et al hardware providers did incredibly well until
         | they didn't.
         | 
         | It's already been talked about that the current iteration of
         | deep infra spend could very much be a loss as an investment but
         | might live on in other ways in the future. The counter argument
         | is that any serious hyper scaler has to spend to be at the
         | table if they believe their own marketing spiel about growth
         | and opportunity.
        
         | lizknope wrote:
         | I had friends that worked at a startup that Cisco acquired.
         | They have options to buy at around $30. So they bought the
         | shares and watched the stock hit $79 but didn't sell. Then the
         | stock dropped to $20 and even though they didn't sell the stock
         | they had to pay taxes because of how the AMT (Alternative
         | Minimum Tax) worked at the time. Even if they sold all the
         | stock they had they couldn't cover the tax bill. Along with the
         | option back dating scandals I think this is one of the reasons
         | all the companies I have worked at since give out RSUs and sell
         | 40% when they vest to pay your estimated tax bill.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Thats because you're getting in late. Startups still issue
           | options - ISOs and NSOs to early employees, with different
           | tax treatment.
        
             | lizknope wrote:
             | You are right. I've worked at 2 startups and we had options
             | and filed Section 83(b) elections and pre bought our stock
             | for $0.001 a share. But both companies failed so I lost
             | about $50
             | 
             | I had options at the 2 companies in 2002 and 2005 but since
             | then the 4 other large publicly traded companies have only
             | given RSUs
        
         | throwaway984393 wrote:
         | The stock may have suffered but Cisco as a company has been
         | consistently profitable and dependable partly due to its
         | financial management. They have a crap ton of cash, and they
         | are very good at buying and integrating companies. I would
         | consider them more reliable than IBM, partly because they do
         | make "real things", and partly because they're just damn good
         | at business. They are a great example of why you don't need an
         | engineer to lead a very successful engineering company.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Sun is another one. Really I'm not sure that any of the major
         | "selling shovels in a gold rush" companies came out of it
         | _particularly_ well.
        
         | detourdog wrote:
         | Cisco grew through acquisitions. The only example I can think
         | of is Ascend. They made great products for connecting small
         | offices and homes to digital lines.
         | 
         | One thing I never saw discussed is the dotcom bubble was
         | inflated by the price premium investors paid for buying Ascend
         | stock. Cisco than paid a premium to those shareholders to buy
         | Ascend and than finally the premium paid for the future
         | earnings of Cisco. I see that as triple counting future
         | earnings.
        
         | bustling-noose wrote:
         | >though nowadays they have more competition in that area
         | 
         | This is what is called lack of moat. If today, every router
         | beyond 1Gig was made by Cisco then the moat would be so wide
         | that the internet would literally not exist without it.
         | 
         | The three things that any value investor values in stocks -
         | Great management, good reinvestment of capital and a really
         | wide moat. Cisco didnt have a wide moat. Nvidia currently does,
         | but it may go away sooner than later as they don't really have
         | any special sauce to their graphics cards as such. Same goes
         | with OpenAI, or Qualcomm (Apple made a modem now) or any other
         | tech company with an illusion of a wide moat. Tech businesses
         | only have a wide moat until someone decides to compete
         | seriously and that can usually be done with a lot of money in a
         | relatively short time.
         | 
         | Some of the businesses like Walmart and Cosco for example have
         | a really wide moat in the sense that their business is not
         | something that someone with just money can beat in a few years.
         | Look how amazon setup physical stores with money and failed.
         | It's extremely difficult to setup that kind of business. Trust
         | from suppliers and consumers takes decades in those kinds of
         | businesses.
         | 
         | If your business is relying on a moat that someone can beat
         | with R&D and money in a few years, then you don't really have a
         | moat.
        
           | flipthefrog wrote:
           | Funny how usage of the the word moat simply exploded here on
           | HN a few weeks ago.
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | This word has been part of the core vernacular of HN for as
             | long as I can remember.
        
               | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
               | Looks like a real effect:
               | 
               | https://hntrends.net/compare/words?words=moat,castle,roi
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | Sure - right now there is a firehose of money being
               | pumped into money-losing AI companies. The technology is
               | revolutionary but a lot of us are wondering if the
               | winners will be the early movers with big pockets or the
               | late movers using newer/cheaper techniques. There's a
               | gold rush and the question of "moat" is on everyone's
               | mind.
               | 
               | But this isn't the first gold rush in the tech industry
               | and folks have been talking about moats here forever.
        
               | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
               | That's the broad trend, but I think the spike that
               | they're noting is specifically downstream of DeepSeek, as
               | it peaks in late December of last year.
               | 
               | There's an initial peak in 2023 (haven't looked it up,
               | but I'd bet that was when 'OpenAI has no moat' was on the
               | front page for a while), and then it settles down a ways
               | above the previous average. Since December it's been
               | 1.5-2x more frequent than where it settled after that
               | first peak.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | It ebbs and flows, like every other circle jerk ping
               | ponging around within an insular internet community.
        
           | stickfigure wrote:
           | Also if your hardware goes obsolete in 5 years, it means
           | twice a decade your customers are forced to decide to buy
           | your next version or a competitor's.
        
             | bustling-noose wrote:
             | And many companies like to have a portfolio of both, or an
             | offer at least from the closest competitor. Tim at Apple
             | for example played this game for decades to make sure he
             | always received competitive prices for parts. They tried to
             | pull it off with modems and it backfired badly. So they
             | built their own. But if QC was to play really nice with
             | companies like Apple and Samsung etc, they could actually
             | maintain their moat. But then good management is another
             | important requirement which is a problem here.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | >was to play really nice with companies like Apple and
               | Samsung etc, they could actually maintain their moat.
               | 
               | This gets in the way of maximizing quarterly earnings.
               | The issue would be price fluctuations which means some
               | quarters will be lower and some will be higher, and it
               | may not average out the same year to year relative to
               | what investors usually expect.
               | 
               | Management therefore lacks incentives to play well with
               | others, and thus they don't
        
           | api wrote:
           | nVidia's moat isn't really that wide. It's mostly the quality
           | of their software. Their chips are good, but there's nothing
           | particularly proprietary about wide vector math units and
           | fast RAM.
           | 
           | AMD's cards are about there, but their software has a bad
           | reputation. Apple's highest-end M chips are pretty good but
           | they need a big faster RAM and they're also expensive.
           | Intel's Arc is promising. Other competitors are sure to
           | appear.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | I have wondered for years if a business could set their
           | prices low enough so that competitors would not be
           | interested. This happens as soon as you have three or four
           | well know competitors trying for market share, and one
           | inevitably loses interest and bows out.
        
             | huijzer wrote:
             | Yes it's usually called economies of scale. Classic example
             | is building a big factory with investor money. The big
             | factory can then outcompete competitors due to having
             | bigger scale. Carnegie did this a century ago. Nowadays we
             | see this a lot with Venture Capital. Companies just write
             | some software and give the product away for free so that
             | the competition has no chance. Microsoft also is great at
             | this for example with giving away GitHub for free.
             | 
             | If you want to read more about "powers" like this I can
             | recommend 7 Powers by Hamilton Helmer.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | The counterbalance is that it takes a long time to steer
               | a big ship, and economies of scale can actually hurt you.
               | If you are building the wrong widget it doesn't really
               | matter that you can make a billion of them. Even scaling
               | down a big business might not work if most of your costs
               | are fixed.
        
           | huijzer wrote:
           | > The three things that any value investor values in stocks -
           | Great management, good reinvestment of capital and a really
           | wide moat.
           | 
           | I've read a lot about value investing and I'm afraid that
           | your statement is an oversimplification. Chuck Ackre for
           | example is similar to you with his three legged stool, but
           | Peter Lynch has another approach, and Buffett has another
           | slightly different approach. There are as many strategies as
           | there are value investors.
        
         | georgeecollins wrote:
         | Or another way to think about that is: price matters.
         | 
         | In this era of meme stocks people think maybe it doesn't. But
         | Cisco, MSFT and some others had good businesses but were
         | terrible investments for at least decade or more because any
         | potential growth was baked into the price. You could say that
         | about a lot of stocks today, probably NVDA, APPL (disclosure I
         | have both). They aren't bad businesses but they are bad
         | investments.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | The difference with, say, NVDA, is that moving bits was more or
         | less a solved problem in 2000.
         | 
         | That's not to say NVDA can't go down like Cisco, but it's not
         | really the same story(yet). AI architectures are still in flux
         | and it's a far more complex problem vs networking.
         | 
         | Edit: and sure, matrix math is more or less solved, but that's
         | not all that goes into a "ai" accelerator. SW, libraries,
         | tools, support, HW efficiency and availability, etc...
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | There is a meta-problem: one that I don't have a solution for,
         | but keeps coming up.
         | 
         | We are in an era where there is simply more capital to invest
         | than ever before. Countries that were historically "third
         | world" have developed into their own capital sources, with more
         | resources than ever looking for investment. The NPR show Planet
         | Money called this "The Giant Pool of Money" in their reporting
         | on the housing bubble, and they tracked how it acted as an
         | accelerant to push the housing market into subprime mortgages
         | and eventual collapse, but the underlying cause is the same:
         | where the bubbles are the sauce, the money is the stove.
         | 
         | So why does the money keep creating bubbles instead of giving a
         | sort of, if you will, "even heat?"
         | 
         | * There's more of it than there are safe investments with
         | guaranteed low-yield returns
         | 
         | * A lot of it is sovereign wealth, so it _must_ be invested: at
         | a certain level, that money loses value if it just sits in a
         | treasury (it 's also the case that at a certain scale,
         | investment becomes security; keeping all your money in a sack
         | jeopardizes everything if the sack gets stolen, and there are
         | analogies for this that operate at the scale of major
         | corporations and nation states).
         | 
         | * When the investments are less safe, the money chases itself:
         | a fund manager can get fired if they invest in cars when
         | everyone else is investing in dotcoms and the cars don't grow
         | as fast. It's safer for individual actors to stick with the
         | crowd, so as a result, the crowd comes in and pumps huge
         | amounts of resources into one sector until that sector fails to
         | perform and the money evaporates.
         | 
         | It is a problem with no obvious solution. Hypothetically,
         | Norway may be on the right track: they maintain a diverse
         | portfolio with a _lot_ of long-term bets (sustainable energy)
         | and reinvestment bets (domestic housing and development).
        
         | xucheng wrote:
         | At least, Cisco survived. Nortel and Lucent were not so lucky.
        
         | subsubzero wrote:
         | Also during that heyday Cisco planned a sprawling south bay
         | campus that was going to cost a fortune and house tens of
         | thousands of new employees.(I lived between cisco's HQ and the
         | proposed new campus during that time. The dotcom bubble burst
         | and the campus never saw the light of day.
         | 
         | A similar more recent parallel is Google's San Jose village, it
         | was going to be constructed in 2020 and after and also house
         | thousands of google employees along with mixed use commercial,
         | I lived in Willow Glen at the time and people were buzzing
         | around this new campus and all the new economic activity it
         | would provide. In the back of my mind I remember Cisco's
         | endeavor and felt like this new village would meet a similar
         | fate of implosion. And sure enough the pandemic hit and the
         | village project hit the breaks, most likely never to return.
         | Having big office projects in San Jose with the leading market
         | tech companies is something akin to invading Russia, you always
         | fail. /s
        
       | billybuckwheat wrote:
       | I was somewhat early in my career when this happened. I was
       | working at a small telecommunications company when the crash hit.
       | Just about everyone got laid off, though with decent severance.
       | Managed to make that last until I got another tech job almost
       | three months to the day after my previous employer went belly up.
       | 
       | It was a strange, scary time. Not just companies pretty much
       | vanishing overnight but also a lot of people losing their jobs.
       | Not all of them were as lucky as I (and a few others I
       | knew/worked with) was; they couldn't find anything in the
       | industry for a long while. Some abandoned tech. Others stuck it
       | out.
       | 
       | Never want to go through anything like that again!
        
       | pastureofplenty wrote:
       | Apologies for going off-topic but putting light grey text on a
       | white background is one of the most baffling (and infuriating)
       | design trends I've ever witnessed on the web.
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | It is. Maybe you know this, but you can right-click the text
         | and choose "Inspect" and de-select the light grey color styles
         | to make it more readable. I feel like an extension could do a
         | decent job of automating this (simply remove all text color
         | styles, or something like that).
        
           | newtwilly wrote:
           | Firefox has a "reader view" which works well for things like
           | that.
        
       | incanus77 wrote:
       | This was a wild time to begin a career, and I was just dropping
       | out of college, having been the class of '99 but delayed a
       | semester already due to bad work/life balance. I was self-
       | teaching in web and systems programming and generally doing
       | things on the internet, had a good grasp of things technically,
       | but had no grounding in finance, business, stock options, or any
       | of it. Everywhere around me seemed like opportunity, and Linux
       | seemed somehow related. I even was supposed to have stock options
       | in VA Linux[1] due to my paid work there, but that didn't pan out
       | in the end. I didn't yet know _how_ the internet would change
       | everything, but it felt like it was definitely happening, and
       | somehow that meant everyone involved would get rich. The media
       | story didn 't help. I wouldn't change any of it, though. I did it
       | for the love of learning and still do.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.wired.com/1999/12/va-linux-sets-ipo-record/
        
         | nick3443 wrote:
         | That sounds a lot like the atmosphere around AI right now
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | > Amazon and Google did emerge from the dotcom era and both
       | outrank Microsoft on the Fortune 500 today
       | 
       | This is not true :)
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | In 2024:
         | 
         | Amazon was ranked #2 Google (Alphabet) was ranked #8 Microsoft
         | was ranked #13
         | 
         | Amazon was founded in 1994. Google was founded in 1998.
         | 
         | What about the statement:
         | 
         | > Amazon and Google did emerge from the dotcom era and both
         | outrank Microsoft on the Fortune 500 today
         | 
         | isn't true?
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | What I'd say with Google is that I don't really think of
           | Google as a .com era company because its massive success and
           | hype wave came after the .com wave and crash had ended, and
           | Google around 99/2000 wasn't a big hyped .com company...
           | 
           | In 99/2000 Google wasn't the massive success it was about 2
           | years later. And its IPO didn't happen until much later after
           | the .com crash. It was known and popular among techies but
           | wasn't the household name it became about 2002, 2003.
           | 
           | When I think of the .com crash (and I lived through it) I
           | think of the companies that had IPOd or were about to, and
           | took massive investment in 99. In 99 Google was still a small
           | concern.
           | 
           | Amazon, yeah, I'd say Amazon is a late 90s company. Though
           | they were just about books then.
        
             | bigger_cheese wrote:
             | I lived through that time as well by 1999 it was pretty
             | clear Google was "the best" search engine site.
             | Alternatives like Lycos, Infoseek, Altavista etc. were on
             | the downswing.
             | 
             | I can remember the characters in an episode of Buffy the
             | Vampire Slayer talking about Google (not sure if that
             | counts as household awareness but it was getting there).
             | 
             | 1999 was the time of Napster, it was a completely different
             | internet it really felt like a Wild West.
        
         | SamvitJ wrote:
         | Fortune 500 is a ranking by revenue, not market capitalization,
         | if that helps.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | >And it's a misnomer to call it a boom. In a boom, someone's
       | actually making money
       | 
       | What does that say about the current AI boom (when you exclude
       | shovel supplier NVIDIA)?
        
       | fungiblecog wrote:
       | The upcoming AI crash is gonna be seriously big
        
         | lvl155 wrote:
         | But anything that survives the crash will be the next Google.
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | please provide context when making statements, thats a better
         | way to communicate your ideas. what, when, why, how, where - so
         | a reader takes your map, and can relate to the territory.
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | The years 1996 to 1999/2000 feel to me like I could go back and
       | live them 20 times over, each time different, and still feel like
       | I would look back with longing at all the things I missed out on
       | and wish I could go back and relive/redo/take-a-different path.
       | 
       | I haven't had a feeling anything like that since about any time.
       | I know it's probably in large part because of my age at the time
       | (early 20s) but there was also just so much going on and the
       | feeling was so intense, and youth culture was so on fire, so much
       | energy. And in our tech industry, where I was just starting to
       | find my foothold... there was this feeling in technology like if
       | you just found the right combination of tools and ideas you could
       | really be at the forefront of something new.
       | 
       | Dropped out of my BA in philosophy to join the fray and write
       | code. Weekends full of raves, neat parties and music, meeting all
       | sorts of people, and feeling like tech was part of something
       | progressive and world changing in a positive and utopian way
       | rather than ... this place where we are now.
       | 
       | The .com financial crash definitely exploded the euphoria. But
       | more than anything 9/11 really was the thing that let the air out
       | of the balloon for good.
       | 
       | Sept 12, 2001 I think was the beginning of this current era of
       | paranoia and fear.
        
         | robinhouston wrote:
         | Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very
         | heaven!
         | 
         | -- Wordsworth, _The French Revolution as It Appeared to
         | Enthusiasts at Its Commencement_
         | 
         | I love your description of this heady time, which matches the
         | way that I remember it. Surely there are at least pockets of
         | such technological optimism in today's world - but fewer, I
         | fear, and less confident.
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | I kind of feel the same about 2007 - 2012 or when I first got
         | into tech.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | Youth definitely plays a big part in this feeling but I think
           | the dotcom era was also somewhat historically unusual because
           | two huge external events happened around the same time:
           | anyone old enough to grow up during the Cold War had lived
           | with this constant feeling that their life could suddenly be
           | destroyed (as a kid in the 80s we still had air raid drills),
           | and then suddenly people were having rock concerts on both
           | sides of the Berlin Wall while the victorious United States
           | and European allies stopped worrying about the Fulda Gap and
           | started welcoming new NATO members.
           | 
           | The second big change around that time was the internet
           | tearing down cultural borders. Anyone could participate, even
           | people who'd been trapped behind the iron curtain just a
           | decade before, and many people were predicting that the free
           | flow of communication would strengthen democracy and ensure
           | the fall of Chinese authoritarianism.
           | 
           | (Far fewer people correctly predicted that the second would
           | imperil the first)
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | It was also an era before the paranoid security of the
             | appartus of the state slammed down hard post-9/11.
             | 
             | By which I mean we could do "illegal" raves in abandoned
             | warehouses or spontaneous outdoor spaces and not end up
             | (generally) in holding cells.
             | 
             | After 9/11 the consequences of perceived deviancy became
             | far more extreme.
             | 
             | That and the absolute wave of decentered distraction of
             | social media hadn't arrived yet. There was still some sense
             | of shared common cultures, rather than a bazillion
             | fractured windowless monads fed through social media and
             | Spotify feeds
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | > The years 1996 to 1999/2000 feel to me like I could go back
         | and live them 20 times over, each time different, and still
         | feel like I would look back with longing at all the things I
         | missed out on
         | 
         | I was about 8-12 years old at that time, so I just caught the
         | tail end of the birth of the computer revolution. While I'm
         | very glad to have had even that experience, I always feel
         | jealous of my fellow nerds who were born about 10-20 years
         | before me and really got to experience those early days.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | I don't actually think 96-99 was actually all that
           | interesting from a _technical_ POV. The people working the
           | generation before me got the exciting stuff (which I got to
           | play with as a kid, but didn 't work actively in)
           | 
           | It's just that there was an exciting cultural/economic
           | moment. The end of the milennium was special because there
           | was a general sense of optimism and progress overall. There
           | were definitely problems, and injustice, but it just felt
           | different.
        
       | kopirgan wrote:
       | Article on dotcom without mentioning webvan!
       | 
       | Lol those were the days...
        
       | technopol wrote:
       | The massive photo and site header of this site are fun but
       | distracting when reading on mobile. Removing the top photo and
       | removing or minimizing the top header would be a nice change for
       | readability. I'm not sure what the SEO recommendation would be
       | though.
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | There's a literal aspect of the dotcom era that I miss, the
       | literal dotcom as part of the domain and even company name, the
       | branding, like amazon.com or booking.com. (Booking.com still has
       | that, which is why they don't have to spend all their money on
       | Google Ads and beg Larry Page to let them have some money for
       | themselves, like certain other online travel agencies.) I see
       | dotcoms all the time on planes, ships, buildings. Realworld
       | businesses seem to understand the power of reaching customers
       | directly. But when I see an ad for a new startup, it's usually
       | the company name and two app store icons.
        
         | misja111 wrote:
         | I used to know an accountant that worked for Booking.com. You
         | don't have a clue how much they had to pay to Google every
         | month for ads. Literally a fortune. The thing is: people want
         | to go somewhere, e.g. to Rome. Next thing they do is, type
         | 'hotel in Rome' in Google. Google serves them a couple of paid
         | links, and they check only the first couple of them.
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | Which is a weird change. I remember when it was common to
           | check the first few pages of results.
        
       | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
       | I wish someone would write a book about the dot-com bubble. It's
       | long enough ago to be interesting, yet recent enough that most of
       | the people involved are still alive and available for interviews.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Or a film.
         | 
         | I remember the years leading up to it. I was a kid really
         | (okay, beginning my 30's) and my games were being published by
         | a small company in California. At the trade shows I would often
         | see this guy who was a friend of the publisher who was an
         | amateur investor.
         | 
         | Every time we would catch up with him he would rattle off all
         | the stock symbols he had bought that were on fire and making
         | him bank. For my working-class upbringing, this market stuff
         | was a strange world. He might as well be talking about pari-
         | mutuel wagering (whatever that is).
         | 
         | Some years later when I heard that Netscape was about to go
         | public I decided to see what this investing thing was all
         | about. At that time there was a brokerage in downtown Lawrence,
         | Kansas where you could pay a fee to place an order on a stock.
         | Me and a few other nerds that had never invested in the market
         | before each put a few hundred dollars we had toward Netscape.
         | 
         | With the stock priced at something like $28, I think I placed
         | an order to buy if it was below $40 or something like that. By
         | the end of the day I had learned that Netscape opened at over
         | $40 and, while it dipped mid-day at some point, it never dipped
         | quite below $40 and so I owned zero shares. A near miss?
         | 
         | So it was my first step in investing (or misstep). There would
         | be more (missteps that is).
         | 
         | It was only years later when I was wiser that I realized that
         | the guy who was picking the winners so well back in my trade-
         | show days couldn't really lose -- all the stocks were going up.
        
           | jansan wrote:
           | There are some documentaries on Youtube, for example this
           | one:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTvfshr4tMw
           | 
           | I love the scene at 19:48, where Larry Wachtel is more or
           | less predicting the crash. The ironic thing is that the
           | bubble kept growing for so long, that eventually even he was
           | convinced that "this time it's different", invested in dotcom
           | companies and lost a lot of money.
        
           | orc00 wrote:
           | BobbyBroccoli on YouTube does an absolutely phenomenal job
           | creating documentaries. Related to the dot-com burst would be
           | the story he tells about Nortel.
           | 
           | - Part 1: https://youtu.be/I6xwMIUPHss?si=WXwM92NA8V6vdjYl
           | 
           | - Part 2: https://youtu.be/sDdC3-LT7pM?si=aiIDCjHJ0syeZZP4
        
           | mac3n wrote:
           | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0256408/?ref_=ls_t_2
           | 
           | also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot.Com_(album)
        
       | ben7799 wrote:
       | I graduated in 1999 and probably should have stayed for grad
       | school. I had good enough grades my Alma Mater was basically
       | sending me letters my senior year "Hey you're just about
       | guaranteed to get in if you apply!" It's hard to say as if I'd
       | just gotten a master's I would have been getting out in the
       | middle of the crash (bad) but if I'd stayed through getting a Phd
       | I would have had a very different traectory.
       | 
       | But the whole .com boom was way too exciting. I knew lots of
       | people who dropped out. I started out working at Cisco but then
       | left to go to a networking startup and got there just in time for
       | stuff to start blowing up. When I left Cisco the assigned
       | Financial Advisor I had a Morgan Stanley recommended I take a
       | loan for something like $200k to take my options with me or
       | something. I was like 24 and had almost no savings, there was no
       | way I was going to do that. Cisco ended up tanking from 200+ down
       | to the 10-20 range months after I left IIRC. I remember telling a
       | co-worker who got laid off at the same time that I felt stupid as
       | I had spent a lot of my earnings paying off my car I had bought
       | brand new and I also had a motorcycle. He remarked he had kept
       | driving his 20 year old Honda Accord but had no more money than
       | me because he'd lost everything in the stock market crash.
       | 
       | As others have said 9/11 was some kind of weird marker for a lot
       | of us that it was all over. The company I worked for made it
       | about another year after that but I have vivid memories of
       | everyone doom watching the news in the kitchen at work before the
       | CEO came and told us to go home for the day on 9/11. I went home
       | and went out and rode my bicycle all afternoon where I had no way
       | to get any news, it made me feel better.
       | 
       | When I got laid off it was like _every_ single one of my friends
       | was laid off too. All of us at once, and it wasn 't layoffs, it
       | was companies completely going under.
       | 
       | There was a lot of malfeasance too. I knew people who had jobs
       | where there was almost zero work as the company was a borderline
       | scam. People were either playing video games at their desk all
       | day waiting for management to figure out what they were going to
       | work on or they were studying for their next job.
       | 
       | I was super lucky. Both my roommate and I got laid off at the
       | same time, we ended up breaking our lease and going separate
       | ways. I lived with my parents for a while, but I only actually
       | was laid off about 6 weeks before finding a contract job. Neither
       | my finances nor my career really took much of a hit, but my
       | confidence took a major hit that realistically took 5-6 years to
       | really come out of.
        
       | lumost wrote:
       | I've been keeping tabs on NVidia's venture arm. The arm seems to
       | invest massive capital (hundreds of MM) in credible startups
       | focused on compute scaling. These startups then spend back on
       | NVidia chips at a 98% margin. I'd guess that they get back at
       | least .4 to.6 dollars of profit on every such transaction in
       | direct payment. If their are other investor partners, they could
       | get back more than a dollar in profit for every dollar of
       | investment.
       | 
       | While this is a great deal where everyone wins... it can cover
       | unsustainable practices in the market. They can grow revenue like
       | a fractional reserve bank - which would unwind rather quickly if
       | the venture arm ran into trouble.
        
         | leghifla wrote:
         | This make me think about a scandal pre dotcom burst in Belgium:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lernout_%26_Hauspie
         | 
         | The creators "invested" in foreign companies that would buy
         | their product. They had realized that $1 of product sold was
         | making them much more than that in the stock exchange...
        
       | malshe wrote:
       | For finance and economics researchers this was an amazing period
       | to study. Here are a couple of papers I love:
       | 
       | "Rose.com by any other name" by Cooper, Dimitrov, and Rau:
       | https://home.business.utah.edu/finmc/FinalJFversion2371-2388...
       | 
       | "Can the Market Add and Subtract? Mispricing in Tech Stock Carve-
       | outs" by Lamont and Thaler:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20170813171441id_/http://faculty...
        
       | damnitbuilds wrote:
       | Peak lunacy for me was when 3com owned most of Palm, but 3com was
       | worth less than the value of their Palm shares.
        
       | jimt1234 wrote:
       | I was in my late-20s when the bubble burst. There was a palpable
       | sense of "the sky is falling". A lot of not-so-technical people
       | quit (or were let go from) tech jobs to become real estate
       | agents.
       | 
       | One person that really helped me through all the doom-and-gloom
       | was Phillip Kaplan, a.k.a. Pud. Seriously. He ran a site called
       | "Fucked Company", which poked fun at the stupidity of big dotcom
       | companies with questionable business models. The site was funny
       | and all, but what really helped me was how Pud ran a successful
       | web site that made money, by himself, with no Super Bowl ads or
       | anything else. It reinforced to me that a successful business
       | could be run on the web/internet, despite what all the doom-and-
       | gloomers were saying. I knew the web wasn't dead thanks, in part,
       | to Pud and "Fucked Company".
        
         | abanana wrote:
         | Pud's book, "F'd Companies: spectacular dot-com flameouts", was
         | a good laugh. It's just a simplistic piss-take, but even all
         | these years later, it shows up the sheer ridiculousness of what
         | those dotcoms were trying to do and were able to (apparently
         | easily) get millions of dollars of funding for.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | One parallel between the dotcom boom and the Great Financial
       | Crisis was a loosening of standards.
       | 
       | e.g. companies were IPO'ing with zero revenue which would have
       | been unheard of a few years earlier.
       | 
       | This is similar to how people could get "NINJA" (no income, no
       | job, application) mortgages a couple years later.
       | 
       | If you can suddenly get money incredibly cheaply and without any
       | kind of track record, is anyone surprised that things got a
       | little nuts?
       | 
       | P.S. There was even a commercial from a few years after the bust
       | where the scene is a boardroom of executives interviewing two
       | obviously nerdy kids. Someone asks "so this powers the Internet?"
       | and the kids respond "uh, it helps part of the internet work
       | better". Cue executive saying "We would be FOOLS to no invest in
       | this" to narrator: "Times have changed."
        
         | klenwell wrote:
         | The other thing I recall tying those two periods together was
         | enthusiasts saying, in the face of an obvious bubble, "Well,
         | things are different this time."
         | 
         | My glib summation of those two events:
         | 
         | - Dotcom boom deregulated (in the social and technological
         | sense as much as the legal) investing (e.g. the rise of day-
         | trading).
         | 
         | - 2000s housing bubble (pre-GFC) deregulated home-buying
         | (subprime adjustable-rate mortgages).
         | 
         | Perhaps our parting assessment of the ZIRP era will be it cut
         | to the chase and deregulated gambling.
        
           | alexpotato wrote:
           | > Perhaps our parting assessment of the ZIRP era will be it
           | cut to the chase and deregulated gambling.
           | 
           | I considered mentioning ZIRP as a "anyone could get money"
           | and glad you made the point better than I could.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | I was there, or more accurately not there since I wasn't in
       | Silicon Valley, when the Dot Bomb and 9/11 shifted us into this
       | reality. Whatever all this is.
       | 
       | It all started on Friday September 29, 2000 when Apple/AAPL fell
       | by roughly half in one day due to missing its quarterly earnings
       | estimates by a few cents:
       | 
       | https://money.cnn.com/2000/09/29/markets/techwrap/
       | 
       | My business partner at the time and I were splitting $1200/mo on
       | shareware game proceeds from our startup. My share of the rent
       | was $250/mo on a $500/mo apartment and my student loans were
       | $340/mo, so for just a month or two I made rent on my own
       | venture. I just didn't know that it would be for the last time.
       | 
       | Because the next month we made $12. Not a typo. Our sales
       | collapsed with no warning, and a few months later I started
       | moving furniture to make rent, since I had done that for a summer
       | in college.
       | 
       | I had also just spent a year working on my one and only game,
       | hoping that it would make $12-24,000 the first year and roughly
       | double our income so that I could get to the real work of
       | designing languages and frameworks that would greatly simplify
       | software development. But my game only made about $2000 total
       | because of the Dot Bomb, so that work ending up being basically
       | pointless.
       | 
       | Along with my thrown-away work in pretty much all of the failed
       | ventures I'd be part of for the next 25 years. No winning the
       | internet lottery, not even gaining traction and feeling what it's
       | like to try and succeed and build on that success incrementally.
       | 
       | In the time since, as I've pulled myself up by my bootstraps over
       | and over, or more accurately been pulled up by friends and
       | family, I've learned a lot about manifestation. How our feelings
       | co-create this reality we share. And a lot of lessons. The most
       | important being:
       | 
       | Success isn't being able to support yourself, but being able to
       | support others.
       | 
       | That's what went wrong with the world in the time since. Instead
       | of Wikipedia and eBay and PayPal paving the road towards a merit-
       | based, egalitarian society that pays excess economic wealth into
       | the commons, we have billionaires and ensh@ttification vacuuming
       | up all available capital into a black hole of greed.
       | 
       | Instead of automation leading the way towards UBI and self-
       | actualization, we have the wealthiest and most powerful people in
       | the world cancelling government services to subjugate us into
       | neofeudalism, which will lead to the unnecessary deaths of
       | millions of people worldwide.
       | 
       | I know now that my dreams of an early win leading to a lifetime
       | of pioneering innovation were never meant to be. And more
       | shockingly, that had I won, I would have ended up an empty husk
       | like Elon, or a glazed-over caricature of myself like Jeff. I'm
       | reminded of the Twilight Zone episode A Nice Place to Visit,
       | where a man gets everything he dreamed of only to realize that
       | he's in hell. The only thing that keeps me going is the hope that
       | the opposite may also be true.
       | 
       | I've told this story too many times and now it feels like an old
       | sweater that doesn't fit anymore. Truthfully, there's only now. I
       | try to do a little each day to get closer in alignment to the
       | free world that I glimpsed so briefly.
       | 
       | But in the meantime, surviving this garbage economy takes
       | everything we've got. It's hard for me to see that so many people
       | have bought into the status quo, especially young people. Born
       | under the yoke but calling it liberty.
       | 
       | That denial is why the cost of living is 2-4 times higher now
       | than it was in the 1990s, due to deregulated capitalism
       | encouraging monopoly. Not saying that capitalism doesn't work,
       | just that if it did and we had actual competition instead of
       | wealth inequality, then the cost of living would be 2-4 times
       | lower than it was, and 4-16 times lower than it is.
       | 
       | There's an expression: dirty hands clean money. By that
       | principle, we see that all profit comes at a cost to others doing
       | the work.
       | 
       | And by extension, that all power takes from some to give to
       | others.
       | 
       | There's a movie called August set in 2001 about the struggle to
       | stay afloat during the collapse, starring Josh Hartnett:
       | 
       | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0470679/
       | 
       | The Dot Bomb never ended. If we want to escape it, we have to
       | meditate on letting go of ego-based goals and outsmarting the
       | systems of control that still perpetuate it.
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | This was early in my career, and one thing I learned is that the
       | best way to stay antifragile is to stay small, stay unsexy, and
       | always be the one in the drivers seat.
        
       | omnibrain wrote:
       | I can pinpoint the burst (at least for me) to a very specific
       | date. March 21st 2000. When Lycos Europe IPOed and closed the day
       | below its issue price.
        
       | dsr_ wrote:
       | It's time to haul out the Lucent story.
       | 
       | Lucent was the commercialized spinoff of AT&T's Bell Labs. They
       | acquired Livingston, who made the best serial terminal
       | concentrators (Portmaster) which were essential for cost-
       | effective deployment of modem banks. They acquired Ascend, whose
       | integrated ISDN/POTS/modem/terminal server systems were the heart
       | of the highest density deployments. All of this equipment went
       | into dialup ISPs' points-of-presence -- places where consumers
       | could dial in.
       | 
       | The ISPs needed more! There was a price race to the bottom --
       | $20/month was borderline profitable, but you had to sell for
       | $17.95 or $15 on an intro period in order to get customers
       | switching to your service. So Lucent cleverly borrowed the idea
       | of financing their own sales to the ISPs. At worst, they would
       | end up repossessing the equipment -- which could be sold as
       | nearly new to the next ISP in line.
       | 
       | But when the ISPs went out of business, the winners already had
       | all the POPs they needed. And then Lucent collapsed.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascend_Communications
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucent_Technologies
       | 
       | Lucent left behind one of the canonical coffee-mug-ring logos.
        
       | nelblu wrote:
       | The Dotcom bubble was much before I graduated, so it didn't
       | impact me directly.
       | 
       | Years later, around 2015, I was serving meals at a homeless
       | shelter and I met a guy (client at the shelter) who asked me what
       | I do for a living, and after he realized I have some background
       | in technology he started telling me about his past. He told me
       | that he made 6 figures before the dot-come bubble burst, and then
       | he got laid off during the burst. He was a network engineer and
       | told me even though he was making a ton of money, he still made
       | several bad financial decisions and spent all his money when he
       | had it.
       | 
       | For me it was a lesson in financial planning. Suddenly all the
       | theoretical concepts that I learnt a few years earlier in
       | b-school (risks, diversification, investments etc.) became
       | suddenly clearer to me. Ever since that day, I just assume that
       | things can go wrong any time and I must be prepared for the
       | worst.
       | 
       | And years later to this day, as I get more philosophical about
       | life, I also wonder - why do we have so many wants - and I
       | actively try to get rid of unnecessary clutter in my life.
        
         | poulsbohemian wrote:
         | The thing is, even if you are making good money, most of us are
         | one sick family member, one divorce, one strange set of
         | circumstances, one recession away from being on the streets.
         | You can do everything right and still end up screwed.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Which is exactly why programs like SSI and Medicaid are so
           | important.
           | 
           | There are simply things outside your control (yes you) and
           | they can financially ruin you. A bad interaction with the
           | law, cancer, a recession. The line between stability and
           | homelessness is narrow and not entirely due to bad life
           | choices.
           | 
           | I have a child with severe autism. They'll never be able to
           | be a "productive member of society" and one of my biggest
           | fears is what happens when I'm gone. I have to save up enough
           | money not just for my own retirement and care but also
           | theirs. That's a narrow tightrope to walk.
           | 
           | Especially because I know that statistically my child is one
           | of the more likely people to end up homeless.
           | 
           | I have a financial bus factor of basically 1 which will
           | destroy not only my life but also my child's life.
        
       | specproc wrote:
       | My industry is currently going through something of a dotcom
       | burst moment.
       | 
       | I've been in the aid/non-profit sector for fifteen or so years
       | now. Just past forty. Quit my last job in the second half of last
       | year, was a very bad time to do so.
       | 
       | I'm European, but USAID going in the shredder has taken a huge
       | cut out of budgets. The Brits have followed suit, and belts are
       | being tightened in Europe as defence spending becomes a priority.
       | 
       | Layoffs galore, no one big has gone under yet, but the cheque is
       | in the post. A difficult and stressful time to be unemployed.
       | 
       | Been feeling like a change, but at this point in my life I'm not
       | seeing myself integrating well into the corporate world.
       | 
       | I'm appreciating the stories here. Any thoughts and words from
       | the wise on my situation from survivors of the 2000s?
        
         | greazy wrote:
         | I'm in a similar position, in a related sector (public health
         | lab). After covid money ran out, and departments of health were
         | in the red, our finance people are running the show when before
         | it was the scientists.
         | 
         | When I was far younger I was in a similar situation. Public
         | health staff were fired at state run labs by the thousands in
         | some insane effort to privatise public heath. I ended up moving
         | several hundred kilometers to another city.
         | 
         | My advice, at least for my kind, is to try to reframe how your
         | skillset can be applied to other industries ( included public
         | jobs too).
         | 
         | A colleague become an analyst at department of education, they
         | use excel.
         | 
         | Edit: also like to add that after that experience I found a
         | niche that made me highly employable with skills useful outside
         | of my job. But I guess I'm an oddity compared to most
         | traditional scientists.
        
       | arnonejoe wrote:
       | I was working as a developer for one of the energy trading
       | companies at the time. In the summer of 2001 there were non stop
       | layoffs and then 9/11 hit. you could not buy a job as a software
       | developer at the time. I remember reviewing contract resumes of
       | very experienced candidates and the recruiter had 35/hour rates
       | on them.
        
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